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href="https://www.academia.edu/3844143/An_mtDNA_perspective_of_French_genetic_variation">An mtDNA perspective of French genetic variation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3844143" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="805190557da3e513d79a3f79c801b4c5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50117439,"asset_id":3844143,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny">Phylogeny</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="54433" type="text/json">{"id":54433,"name":"Phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="63093" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_DNA">Mitochondrial DNA</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="63093" type="text/json">{"id":63093,"name":"Mitochondrial DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_DNA?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3844143]'), work: {"id":3844143,"title":"An mtDNA perspective of French genetic 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pool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_pool?f_ri=27336"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33893837" data-work_id="33893837" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33893837/Mount_Tombe_A_Comparative_Analysis_Between_Mont_Saint_Michel_Normandy_FR_and_Mount_Saint_Michael_Cornwall_UK">Mount Tombe - A Comparative Analysis Between Mont Saint Michel Normandy FR & Mount Saint Michael Cornwall UK</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Mont Saint-Michel is a small, rocky tidal island in France located in a large bay at the mouth of the Couesnon. The granite massif of Mont Saint-Michel is crowned with a medieval abbey. It's a table moutain; a remaining of a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33893837" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Mont Saint-Michel is a small, rocky tidal island in France located in a large bay at the mouth of the Couesnon. <br />The granite massif of Mont Saint-Michel is crowned with a medieval abbey. It's a table moutain; a remaining of a prehistoric petrified treetop. <br />Since 1898, the spire of the abbey church has a statue of Saint Michael that protrudes a hundred and seventy meters above the bay. The island is located about 1 kilometer from the coast near the town of Avranches in Normandy . It was originally a tidal island : it was accessible by land at low tidebut at high tide it was surrounded by water. Today a narrow bridge, with shuttle service, runs to the island. Mont Saint-Michel, with its pedestrian streets, is only accessible to pedestrians.<br /><br />The first text about an abbey is the 9th-century Latin text Revelatio ecclesiae sancti Michaelis in monte Tumba written by a chanoine living at Mont Saint Michel or at the Cathédrale Saint-André d'Avranches. This text was written at a time of power struggle between Brittany and the County of Normandy against Francia as well as during canon law reforms by Roman emperors.<br /><br />When Christianity expanded to the area, around the 4th century, Mont Tombe, the original name of Mont Saint Michel, was part of the Diocese of Avranches. By the middle of the 6th century, Christianity had a stronger presence in the bay. By this time, Mont Tombe was populated by religious devotees, hermits (probably some Celtic monks) supplied by the curé of Astériac, (Asterix) who took care of the site and led a contemplative life around some oratories. The hermits Saint Pair and Saint Seubilion dedicated one of the oratories to Saint Étienne, midway through the mont and one to Saint Symphorien, at the foot of the rock.<br /><br />Saint Aubert<br />In 710, Mont Tombe was renamed Mont Saint Michel au péril de la Mer ("Mount Saint Michael at the peril of the sea) after erecting an oratory to Saint Michael by bishop Saint Aubert of Avranches in 708. According to the legend, Aubert received, during his sleep, three times the order from Saint Michael to erect an oratory on the Mont Tombe. The archangel was reputed to have left his finger mark on Aubert's skull. This skull is displayed at the Saint-Gervais d'Avranches basilica with such a scar on it.<br /><br />This sanctuary should be, according to the archangel, a replica of the Gargano in Italy (from the 5th century). Aubert had a local religious artifact removed and instead a circular sanctuary built, made of dry stones. Around 708, Aubert sent two monks to get some artifacts from the Italian sanctuary Gargano (a rock with his foot print and a piece of tissue from the altar). During this mission, the March 709 tsunami is supposed to have destroyed the Scissy forest and turned the Mont into an island. On October 16 709, the bishop dedicated the church and put twelve chanoine there. The Mont-Saint-Michel was born.<br /><br />The remains of the oratory were found in the chapel Notre-Dame-Sous-Terre. This sanctuary contained the tomb of Aubert and most likely the artifacts brought from Gargano. The chapel Notre-Dame-Sous-Terre is today under the nave of the abbey-church.<br /><br />The first buildings became too small and under the Western Roman Empire multiple buildings were added. Charlemagne chose saint Michel as a protector of his empire during the 9th century and tried to have the place renamed Mont-Saint-Michel, but during the Middle Ages it was usually called Saint-Michel-aux-Deux-Tombes (Saint Michel with two tombs) (Mons Sancti Michaelis in periculo maris, in reference to Tombelaine).<br /><br />History of the abbey<br />Church of Saint Michel during 9th and 10th centuries<br />The Mont-Saint-Michel monks, during the first century of their institution, venerated the archangel Michael. The Mont became a place of prayer and study, but the stability period, known as the Neustria, during the reign of Charlemagne ended when he died. As the rest of Gaule was fighting invasions, religion and science found some welcoming in the diocese of Avranches and at the Mont-Saint-Michel.<br /><br />At first, pilgrims kept coming to the Mont. After the Vikings captured the Mont in 847, the monks departed. But, as an island, it offered some protection for the local population and thus never stayed empty.<br /><br />After the signature of the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, Rollo (Gange-Hrólfr "Rollo" Ragnvaldsson de Normandie) started repairing the damages inflicted to the religious buildings. He generously financed the Mont and called back the monks displaced by the war, returning the Mont to its previous condition.<br /><br />The wealth and support that the Mont suddenly obtained from Rollo started to fundamentally affect its inhabitants, taking them away from their solitary, religious life. After William I of Normandy took over his father's title as Duke of Normandy in 927, he expanded his support toward monasteries until his assassination in 932; but his wealth, from which they benefited, further exacerbated their mundane life style. Because of their generous contributions to the Mont, the Dukes of Brittany Conan 1st, who died in 992, and Geoffrey 1st, who died in 1008, were buried in the Mont as benefactors.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33893837" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7413dd3f0435db0ffc139dc23a930f97" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62830419,"asset_id":33893837,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62830419/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5ODQyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16005828" href="https://ulg.academia.edu/DavidVanderper">David Vanderper</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16005828" type="text/json">{"id":16005828,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Vanderper","domain_name":"ulg","page_name":"DavidVanderper","display_name":"David Vanderper","profile_url":"https://ulg.academia.edu/DavidVanderper?f_ri=27336","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16005828/4341433/19170987/s65_david.vanderper.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33893837 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33893837"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33893837, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33893837", }); 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It's a table moutain; a remaining of a prehistoric petrified treetop. \nSince 1898, the spire of the abbey church has a statue of Saint Michael that protrudes a hundred and seventy meters above the bay. The island is located about 1 kilometer from the coast near the town of Avranches in Normandy . It was originally a tidal island : it was accessible by land at low tidebut at high tide it was surrounded by water. Today a narrow bridge, with shuttle service, runs to the island. Mont Saint-Michel, with its pedestrian streets, is only accessible to pedestrians.\n\nThe first text about an abbey is the 9th-century Latin text Revelatio ecclesiae sancti Michaelis in monte Tumba written by a chanoine living at Mont Saint Michel or at the Cathédrale Saint-André d'Avranches. This text was written at a time of power struggle between Brittany and the County of Normandy against Francia as well as during canon law reforms by Roman emperors.\n\nWhen Christianity expanded to the area, around the 4th century, Mont Tombe, the original name of Mont Saint Michel, was part of the Diocese of Avranches. By the middle of the 6th century, Christianity had a stronger presence in the bay. By this time, Mont Tombe was populated by religious devotees, hermits (probably some Celtic monks) supplied by the curé of Astériac, (Asterix) who took care of the site and led a contemplative life around some oratories. The hermits Saint Pair and Saint Seubilion dedicated one of the oratories to Saint Étienne, midway through the mont and one to Saint Symphorien, at the foot of the rock.\n\nSaint Aubert\nIn 710, Mont Tombe was renamed Mont Saint Michel au péril de la Mer (\"Mount Saint Michael at the peril of the sea) after erecting an oratory to Saint Michael by bishop Saint Aubert of Avranches in 708. According to the legend, Aubert received, during his sleep, three times the order from Saint Michael to erect an oratory on the Mont Tombe. The archangel was reputed to have left his finger mark on Aubert's skull. This skull is displayed at the Saint-Gervais d'Avranches basilica with such a scar on it.\n\nThis sanctuary should be, according to the archangel, a replica of the Gargano in Italy (from the 5th century). Aubert had a local religious artifact removed and instead a circular sanctuary built, made of dry stones. Around 708, Aubert sent two monks to get some artifacts from the Italian sanctuary Gargano (a rock with his foot print and a piece of tissue from the altar). During this mission, the March 709 tsunami is supposed to have destroyed the Scissy forest and turned the Mont into an island. On October 16 709, the bishop dedicated the church and put twelve chanoine there. The Mont-Saint-Michel was born.\n\nThe remains of the oratory were found in the chapel Notre-Dame-Sous-Terre. This sanctuary contained the tomb of Aubert and most likely the artifacts brought from Gargano. The chapel Notre-Dame-Sous-Terre is today under the nave of the abbey-church.\n\nThe first buildings became too small and under the Western Roman Empire multiple buildings were added. Charlemagne chose saint Michel as a protector of his empire during the 9th century and tried to have the place renamed Mont-Saint-Michel, but during the Middle Ages it was usually called Saint-Michel-aux-Deux-Tombes (Saint Michel with two tombs) (Mons Sancti Michaelis in periculo maris, in reference to Tombelaine).\n\nHistory of the abbey\nChurch of Saint Michel during 9th and 10th centuries\nThe Mont-Saint-Michel monks, during the first century of their institution, venerated the archangel Michael. The Mont became a place of prayer and study, but the stability period, known as the Neustria, during the reign of Charlemagne ended when he died. As the rest of Gaule was fighting invasions, religion and science found some welcoming in the diocese of Avranches and at the Mont-Saint-Michel.\n\nAt first, pilgrims kept coming to the Mont. After the Vikings captured the Mont in 847, the monks departed. But, as an island, it offered some protection for the local population and thus never stayed empty.\n\nAfter the signature of the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, Rollo (Gange-Hrólfr \"Rollo\" Ragnvaldsson de Normandie) started repairing the damages inflicted to the religious buildings. He generously financed the Mont and called back the monks displaced by the war, returning the Mont to its previous condition.\n\nThe wealth and support that the Mont suddenly obtained from Rollo started to fundamentally affect its inhabitants, taking them away from their solitary, religious life. After William I of Normandy took over his father's title as Duke of Normandy in 927, he expanded his support toward monasteries until his assassination in 932; but his wealth, from which they benefited, further exacerbated their mundane life style. Because of their generous contributions to the Mont, the Dukes of Brittany Conan 1st, who died in 992, and Geoffrey 1st, who died in 1008, were buried in the Mont as benefactors.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62830419,"asset_id":33893837,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16005828,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Vanderper","domain_name":"ulg","page_name":"DavidVanderper","display_name":"David Vanderper","profile_url":"https://ulg.academia.edu/DavidVanderper?f_ri=27336","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16005828/4341433/19170987/s65_david.vanderper.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":1758,"name":"Dante Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dante_Studies?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":14170,"name":"Medieval England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_England?f_ri=27336"},{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=27336"},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=27336"},{"id":38135,"name":"Sacred mountains","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacred_mountains?f_ri=27336"},{"id":54723,"name":"Fortifications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fortifications?f_ri=27336"},{"id":59314,"name":"Castles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Castles?f_ri=27336"},{"id":79656,"name":"Anglo-Norman history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Norman_history?f_ri=27336"},{"id":115983,"name":"Medieval 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(Coleoptera","created_at":"2015-07-11T06:35:07.130-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13914678/Note_sur_quelques_Clambidae_m%C3%A9connus_de_la_faune_de_France_Coleoptera_About_some_little_known_Clambidae_of_the_France_fauna_Coleoptera?f_ri=27336","dom_id":"work_13914678","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38158601,"asset_id":13914678,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32982281,"first_name":"Tamisier","last_name":"Jean-Philippe","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TamisierJeanPhilippe","display_name":"Tamisier Jean-Philippe","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TamisierJeanPhilippe?f_ri=27336","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card 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$('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12219205]'), work: {"id":12219205,"title":"A short questionnaire for the assessment of quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: psychometric properties of VQ11","created_at":"2015-05-04T02:03:48.924-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12219205/A_short_questionnaire_for_the_assessment_of_quality_of_life_in_patients_with_chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease_psychometric_properties_of_VQ11?f_ri=27336","dom_id":"work_12219205","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37518596,"asset_id":12219205,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30707008,"first_name":"Grégory","last_name":"Ninot","domain_name":"irsp-ouidah","page_name":"GrégoryNinot","display_name":"Grégory 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37162200/Columbanus_and_the_Peoples_of_Post_Roman_Europe_ed_Alexander_OHara">Columbanus and the Peoples of Post-Roman Europe, ed. Alexander O'Hara</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The period 550 to 750 was one in which monastic culture became more firmly entrenched in Western Europe. The role of monasteries and their relationship to the social world around them was transformed during this period as monastic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37162200" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The period 550 to 750 was one in which monastic culture became more firmly entrenched in Western Europe. The role of monasteries and their relationship to the social world around them was transformed during this period as monastic institutions became more integrated in social and political power networks. This collected volume of essays focuses on one of the central figures in this process, the Irish ascetic exile and monastic founder, Columbanus (c. 550-615), his travels on the Continent, and the monastic network he and his Frankish disciples established in Merovingian Gaul and Lombard Italy.<br /><br />The post-Roman kingdoms through which Columbanus travelled and established his monastic foundations were made up of many different communities of peoples. As an outsider and immigrant, how did Columbanus and his communities interact with these peoples? How did they negotiate differences and what emerged from these encounters? How societies interact with outsiders can reveal the inner workings and social norms of that culture. This volume aims to explore further the strands of this vibrant contact and to consider all of the geographical spheres in which Columbanus and his monastic communities operated (Ireland, Merovingian Gaul, Alamannia, Lombard Italy) and the varieties of communities he and his successors came in contact with — whether they were royal, ecclesiastic, aristocratic, or grass-roots.<br /><br />Table of Contents<br /><br />Preface<br />List of Abbreviations<br />Maps<br />Contributors<br />Foreword Walter Pohl<br />Part I: Columbanus in Context<br />Chapter 1: Introduction: Columbanus and Europe Alexander O'Hara<br />Chapter 2: Columbanus and the Language of Concord Damian Bracken<br />Part II: The Insular Background<br />Chapter 3: The Political Background to Columbanus's Irish Career Dáibhí Ó Cróinín<br />Chapter 4: Movers and Shakers? How Women Shaped the Career of Columbanus Elva Johnston <br />Chapter 5: Columbanus's Ulster Education Alex Woolf <br />Part III: The Frankish World <br />Chapter 6: Columbanus in Brittany Ian Wood <br />Chapter 7: Columbanus and Shunning: The Irish peregrinus between Gildas, Gaul, and Gregory Clare Stancliffe <br />Chapter 8: Orthodoxy and Authority: Jonas, Eustasius, and the Agrestius Affair Andreas Fischer <br />Chapter 9: Columbanus and the Mission to the Bavarians and the Slavs in the Seventh Century Herwig Wolfram<br />Part IV: On the Fringe: Columbanus and Gallus in Alamannia <br />Chapter 10: Between the Devil and the deep Lake Constance: Jonas of Bobbio, interpretatio Christiana, and the Pagan Religion of the Alamanni Bernhard Maier <br />Chapter 11: Drinking with Woden: A Re-Examination of Jonas's Vita Columbani I. 27 Francesco Borri <br />Chapter 12: Between Metz and Überlingen: Columbanus and Gallus in Alamannia Yaniv Fox <br />Chapter 13: Quicumque sunt rebelles, foras exeant! Columbanus's Rebellious Disciple Gallus Philipp Dörler<br />Part V: Lombard Italy and Columbanus's Legacy <br />Chapter 14: Columbanus, Bobbio, and the Lombards Stefano Gasparri<br />Chapter 15: Disputing Columbanus's Heritage: The Regula cuiusdam patris (with a translation of the Rule) Albrecht Diem</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37162200" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="65dba331bd25d2f9e3e7ac6a4f894a16" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57113235,"asset_id":37162200,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57113235/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5ODQyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="17298" href="https://harvard.academia.edu/AlexanderOHara">Alexander O'Hara</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="17298" type="text/json">{"id":17298,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"O'Hara","domain_name":"harvard","page_name":"AlexanderOHara","display_name":"Alexander O'Hara","profile_url":"https://harvard.academia.edu/AlexanderOHara?f_ri=27336","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17298/5801/141780272/s65_alexander.o_hara.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37162200 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37162200"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37162200, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37162200", }); 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Alexander O'Hara","created_at":"2018-08-01T06:01:29.494-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37162200/Columbanus_and_the_Peoples_of_Post_Roman_Europe_ed_Alexander_OHara?f_ri=27336","dom_id":"work_37162200","summary":"The period 550 to 750 was one in which monastic culture became more firmly entrenched in Western Europe. The role of monasteries and their relationship to the social world around them was transformed during this period as monastic institutions became more integrated in social and political power networks. This collected volume of essays focuses on one of the central figures in this process, the Irish ascetic exile and monastic founder, Columbanus (c. 550-615), his travels on the Continent, and the monastic network he and his Frankish disciples established in Merovingian Gaul and Lombard Italy.\n\nThe post-Roman kingdoms through which Columbanus travelled and established his monastic foundations were made up of many different communities of peoples. As an outsider and immigrant, how did Columbanus and his communities interact with these peoples? How did they negotiate differences and what emerged from these encounters? How societies interact with outsiders can reveal the inner workings and social norms of that culture. This volume aims to explore further the strands of this vibrant contact and to consider all of the geographical spheres in which Columbanus and his monastic communities operated (Ireland, Merovingian Gaul, Alamannia, Lombard Italy) and the varieties of communities he and his successors came in contact with — whether they were royal, ecclesiastic, aristocratic, or grass-roots.\n\nTable of Contents\n\nPreface\nList of Abbreviations\nMaps\nContributors\nForeword Walter Pohl\nPart I: Columbanus in Context\nChapter 1: Introduction: Columbanus and Europe Alexander O'Hara\nChapter 2: Columbanus and the Language of Concord Damian Bracken\nPart II: The Insular Background\nChapter 3: The Political Background to Columbanus's Irish Career Dáibhí Ó Cróinín\nChapter 4: Movers and Shakers? How Women Shaped the Career of Columbanus Elva Johnston \nChapter 5: Columbanus's Ulster Education Alex Woolf \nPart III: The Frankish World \nChapter 6: Columbanus in Brittany Ian Wood \nChapter 7: Columbanus and Shunning: The Irish peregrinus between Gildas, Gaul, and Gregory Clare Stancliffe \nChapter 8: Orthodoxy and Authority: Jonas, Eustasius, and the Agrestius Affair Andreas Fischer \nChapter 9: Columbanus and the Mission to the Bavarians and the Slavs in the Seventh Century Herwig Wolfram\nPart IV: On the Fringe: Columbanus and Gallus in Alamannia \nChapter 10: Between the Devil and the deep Lake Constance: Jonas of Bobbio, interpretatio Christiana, and the Pagan Religion of the Alamanni Bernhard Maier \nChapter 11: Drinking with Woden: A Re-Examination of Jonas's Vita Columbani I. 27 Francesco Borri \nChapter 12: Between Metz and Überlingen: Columbanus and Gallus in Alamannia Yaniv Fox \nChapter 13: Quicumque sunt rebelles, foras exeant! Columbanus's Rebellious Disciple Gallus Philipp Dörler\nPart V: Lombard Italy and Columbanus's Legacy \nChapter 14: Columbanus, Bobbio, and the Lombards Stefano Gasparri\nChapter 15: Disputing Columbanus's Heritage: The Regula cuiusdam patris (with a translation of the Rule) Albrecht Diem ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57113235,"asset_id":37162200,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":17298,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"O'Hara","domain_name":"harvard","page_name":"AlexanderOHara","display_name":"Alexander O'Hara","profile_url":"https://harvard.academia.edu/AlexanderOHara?f_ri=27336","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17298/5801/141780272/s65_alexander.o_hara.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural 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d'Annie Claustres<br />Université Lyon II<br />Master Recherche Histoire et Théorie de l'Art des XXe et XXIe siècles</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36102407" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="160edeb234c21055c625b514c7c10690" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65051499,"asset_id":36102407,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Women_and_Gender_Studies?f_ri=27336"},{"id":140210,"name":"Tel Quel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tel_Quel?f_ri=27336"},{"id":676354,"name":"Fabienne Dumont","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fabienne_Dumont?f_ri=27336"},{"id":916798,"name":"Art and Feminism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_and_Feminism?f_ri=27336"},{"id":956828,"name":"Gaze Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gaze_Theory?f_ri=27336"},{"id":2704216,"name":"Vierge à l'enfant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vierge_%C3%A0_lenfant?f_ri=27336"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25623148" data-work_id="25623148" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest 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States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=27336"},{"id":134348,"name":"Temperament","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temperament?f_ri=27336"},{"id":284201,"name":"Mood Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mood_Disorders?f_ri=27336"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=27336"},{"id":509409,"name":"university of Tennessee","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/university_of_Tennessee?f_ri=27336"},{"id":549280,"name":"Reproducibility of Results","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproducibility_of_Results?f_ri=27336"},{"id":1355489,"name":"Affective Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Affective_Disorder?f_ri=27336"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31103111" data-work_id="31103111" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31103111/The_German_Campaign_in_Russia_1941_1943">The German Campaign in Russia 1941-1943</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">As a German historian recently remarked, for Germany Adolf Hitler was the “off-spring,” the outstanding legacy, of World War I, and no one doubts that.1 He himself started his political career in 1919 in the wake of a lost war and the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31103111" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">As a German historian recently remarked, for Germany Adolf Hitler was the “off-spring,” the outstanding legacy, of World War I, and no one doubts that.1 He himself started his political career in 1919 in the wake of a lost war and the crushing peace of Versailles. That treaty reduced Germany’s territory by 14 percent and its population by 6.5 million citizens. It created for Germany large minorities outside its new borders and for the time being an unlimited reparations liability.2 Hitler’s rise to dictatorship is unthinkable without the humiliation and misery that resulted for the German people out of their defeat. And still: was he bound to become the war’s nemesis in destroying the Weimar Republic? This article thus asks the question whether Hitler’s rise to power from Germany’s defeat to the proclamation of the Third Reich was inevitable. For that purpose the ways in which Germans tried to come to terms with their defeat and the war’s legacies will be discussed. As an illustration the article focuses on two highly popular political doctrines, both legacies of the war of its own—both in different ways denying the hopelessness of Germany’s military situation at the end of the war. These were: (1) the doctrine of the so-called “stab-in-the-back” (Dolchstoss); and (2) the doctrine of the so-called “war guilt lie” (Kriegsschuldlüge). At its conclusion, this analysis will raise the question as to whether Hitler’s exploitation of these two doctrines immediately led to his dictatorship.<br />(1) The stab-in-the-back doctrine first was foreshadowed, when, on October 3, 1918, the German government requested an armistice with the Allies and peace negotiations on the basis of the peace program that President Woodrow Wilson had propagated. To the German public this move was an absolutely shattering surprise. Until then the German High Command had failed to admit the increasing seriousness of Germany’s military position resulting from strategic overstretch and military exhaustion.3 Instead, all the public had perceived was that the German troops fighting in France had protected them against the direct experience of war and that in the East Germany's predominance extended as far as the Caucasus Mountains. How then could Germany’s bid be explained?4 Could it be that the million-fold sacrifice of lives had been in vain? The gap that throughout the war had yawned between far-flung popular hopes and the grim military reality thus deepened even further. Other, non military reasons, it was believed, must have been behind Germany’s sudden giving up. The German military command concealed what it had confessed to the political leadership in Berlin—that it feared German troops in France were on the verge of being routed. To avoid a public loss of face, it claimed that nonmilitary reasons lay behind Germany’s critical military situation. Ludendorff, the de facto highest commander of Germany’s troops, concocted an explanation by inventing the stab-in-the-back doctrine. Germany had sued for an armistice, he asserted in a confidential talk with his officers, because it had become impossible to continue the war. This was due to the “poison” of Marxist–Socialist propaganda that had undermined the soldiers’ resolution to go on fighting and made them “unreliable,” although the chances of a successful defense, if not victory, continued to be good.5 Ludendorff’s statement initiated a lengthy process of political onus shifting between military and civil authorities, between the Right and the Left, regarding the responsibility for the military disaster that was threatening their country.6<br />Actually, the antecedents of this doctrine went further back—well into the fall of 1916. At that point, under the impression of a precarious military situation during the battle of the Somme, the first doubts arose in Germany regarding the prospects of a victory. A heated controversy about the war’s purpose and Germany’s war aims broke out. The military leadership and the exponents of the nationalist right kept insisting that a total victory was indispensable that would ensure sizable annexations, improve Germany’s geopolitical position, and entail a reward for the sacrifices the German people had made. Significantly, it was also held that only the perspective of a total victory would maintain morale at home and at the front.7 The forces of the German Center and Left, not least Labor, on the other hand, pressed for a peace of accommodation based on a military tie as the only realistic way out of a war that Germany apparently could not win. The real reward of the war seemed to be liberal reforms in Prussia and the Empire.8 On July 19, 1917, a majority of the German Reichstag passed a resolution demanding just that.9 To the rightist die-hards this amounted to outright treason subverting the public morale. According to the Right, internal reforms could not be a substitute for military victory.10</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31103111" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e3ebaaf458fdfa7b5a4b81dc29691dfb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51538269,"asset_id":31103111,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51538269/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5ODQyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28992531" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GustavoUrue%C3%B1aA">Gustavo Urueña A</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28992531" type="text/json">{"id":28992531,"first_name":"Gustavo","last_name":"Urueña A","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GustavoUrueñaA","display_name":"Gustavo Urueña A","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GustavoUrue%C3%B1aA?f_ri=27336","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28992531/8252073/9231653/s65_gustavo.urue_a_a.jpg_oh_f3e4e055f952d49b685bcde7a0f9567e_oe_559ec905___gda___1437429242_4aafc7744f8a0da6a06103d93ce455e1"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31103111 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31103111"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31103111, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31103111", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31103111 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31103111; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31103111"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31103111 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31103111"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31103111; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31103111]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31103111").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31103111").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31103111"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5709" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics">Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5709" type="text/json">{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8265" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biography">Biography</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8265" type="text/json">{"id":8265,"name":"Biography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biography?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31103111]'), work: {"id":31103111,"title":"The German Campaign in Russia 1941-1943","created_at":"2017-01-28T08:24:52.091-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31103111/The_German_Campaign_in_Russia_1941_1943?f_ri=27336","dom_id":"work_31103111","summary":"As a German historian recently remarked, for Germany Adolf Hitler was the “off-spring,” the outstanding legacy, of World War I, and no one doubts that.1 He himself started his political career in 1919 in the wake of a lost war and the crushing peace of Versailles. That treaty reduced Germany’s territory by 14 percent and its population by 6.5 million citizens. It created for Germany large minorities outside its new borders and for the time being an unlimited reparations liability.2 Hitler’s rise to dictatorship is unthinkable without the humiliation and misery that resulted for the German people out of their defeat. And still: was he bound to become the war’s nemesis in destroying the Weimar Republic? This article thus asks the question whether Hitler’s rise to power from Germany’s defeat to the proclamation of the Third Reich was inevitable. For that purpose the ways in which Germans tried to come to terms with their defeat and the war’s legacies will be discussed. As an illustration the article focuses on two highly popular political doctrines, both legacies of the war of its own—both in different ways denying the hopelessness of Germany’s military situation at the end of the war. These were: (1) the doctrine of the so-called “stab-in-the-back” (Dolchstoss); and (2) the doctrine of the so-called “war guilt lie” (Kriegsschuldlüge). At its conclusion, this analysis will raise the question as to whether Hitler’s exploitation of these two doctrines immediately led to his dictatorship.\n(1) The stab-in-the-back doctrine first was foreshadowed, when, on October 3, 1918, the German government requested an armistice with the Allies and peace negotiations on the basis of the peace program that President Woodrow Wilson had propagated. To the German public this move was an absolutely shattering surprise. Until then the German High Command had failed to admit the increasing seriousness of Germany’s military position resulting from strategic overstretch and military exhaustion.3 Instead, all the public had perceived was that the German troops fighting in France had protected them against the direct experience of war and that in the East Germany's predominance extended as far as the Caucasus Mountains. How then could Germany’s bid be explained?4 Could it be that the million-fold sacrifice of lives had been in vain? The gap that throughout the war had yawned between far-flung popular hopes and the grim military reality thus deepened even further. Other, non military reasons, it was believed, must have been behind Germany’s sudden giving up. The German military command concealed what it had confessed to the political leadership in Berlin—that it feared German troops in France were on the verge of being routed. To avoid a public loss of face, it claimed that nonmilitary reasons lay behind Germany’s critical military situation. Ludendorff, the de facto highest commander of Germany’s troops, concocted an explanation by inventing the stab-in-the-back doctrine. Germany had sued for an armistice, he asserted in a confidential talk with his officers, because it had become impossible to continue the war. This was due to the “poison” of Marxist–Socialist propaganda that had undermined the soldiers’ resolution to go on fighting and made them “unreliable,” although the chances of a successful defense, if not victory, continued to be good.5 Ludendorff’s statement initiated a lengthy process of political onus shifting between military and civil authorities, between the Right and the Left, regarding the responsibility for the military disaster that was threatening their country.6\nActually, the antecedents of this doctrine went further back—well into the fall of 1916. At that point, under the impression of a precarious military situation during the battle of the Somme, the first doubts arose in Germany regarding the prospects of a victory. A heated controversy about the war’s purpose and Germany’s war aims broke out. The military leadership and the exponents of the nationalist right kept insisting that a total victory was indispensable that would ensure sizable annexations, improve Germany’s geopolitical position, and entail a reward for the sacrifices the German people had made. Significantly, it was also held that only the perspective of a total victory would maintain morale at home and at the front.7 The forces of the German Center and Left, not least Labor, on the other hand, pressed for a peace of accommodation based on a military tie as the only realistic way out of a war that Germany apparently could not win. The real reward of the war seemed to be liberal reforms in Prussia and the Empire.8 On July 19, 1917, a majority of the German Reichstag passed a resolution demanding just that.9 To the rightist die-hards this amounted to outright treason subverting the public morale. According to the Right, internal reforms could not be a substitute for military victory.10\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51538269,"asset_id":31103111,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28992531,"first_name":"Gustavo","last_name":"Urueña A","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GustavoUrueñaA","display_name":"Gustavo Urueña A","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GustavoUrue%C3%B1aA?f_ri=27336","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28992531/8252073/9231653/s65_gustavo.urue_a_a.jpg_oh_f3e4e055f952d49b685bcde7a0f9567e_oe_559ec905___gda___1437429242_4aafc7744f8a0da6a06103d93ce455e1"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":8265,"name":"Biography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biography?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=27336"},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=27336"},{"id":43023,"name":"Nazi Germany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nazi_Germany?f_ri=27336"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20824125" data-work_id="20824125" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20824125/Normative_Dispositions_of_Secularism_Analysing_Burqa_Bans">Normative Dispositions of Secularism: Analysing Burqa Bans</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">For more than a decade, criticisms levied against Muslims and Islam in Western European countries such as France and the Netherlands have been shielded under the auspices of a call for increased security and a desire to protect liberal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20824125" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">For more than a decade, criticisms levied against Muslims and Islam in Western European countries such as France and the Netherlands have been shielded under the auspices of a call for increased security and a desire to protect liberal secularism. An example of this can be found in the recent move by the Dutch cabinet to implement legislation to ban the burqa in public places such as schools, hospitals, government buildings, and public transportation. The proposed Dutch ban follows the French parliament who implemented similar legislation in 2011 restricting the presence of discernible religious symbols such as burqas and niqabs from the public sphere. In a statement to the press, Prime Minister Mark Rutte, explains the proposed ban " had nothing to do with religion, " but rather it is intended to help facilitate " recognizable communication " (qtd. in " Netherlands Plans "). He clarifies " In a free country like the Netherlands, everyone has the right to dress how they choose, no matter what others think. That freedom is only limited in situations when it is essential for people to look at each other " (qtd. in " Netherlands Plans "). In this statement the restrictions placed on full face-veils are steeped in concerns of contemporary cultural conflict, inflamed by language that claims that Muslim immigrants to the Netherlands need to be better integrated. In France and the Netherlands, full face-veils have become symbols of " religious extremism " that are actively legislated against. As such they are tied to a series of judgments and evaluations that situate them as objectionable cultural objects and indicative of problematic immigrant groups. Defined as " extremist " or " politically dangerous " this vision of full face-veils is based on normative conceptions of the subject. When considered in relation to the secular, violence is done to those who are visibly different, marked by religious symbols that are understood through binaries such as objectionable/unobjectionable, Western/Eastern, Islamic/Christian, religious/secular further problematizing them. These schisms have intensified in the aftermath of 9/11 and the global war on terror creating a rift between secular and religious worldviews. There is no greater symbolic target of this schism between the secular and the religious than the burqa. The polarization of these two groups, secular and religious has gained further strength when they are posited in relation to the nation state. Within this context secularism is invoked as that which protects the state, defines it, and transforms practices related to public and private life via institutions. This paper explores the invocation of normative dispositions of secularism and security in light of the increasing restrictions placed against Muslim women in the public sphere in France and the Netherlands within dominant discourse. Drawing from the draw work of Saba Mahmood, Judith Butler, and Talal Asad I explore how bodies are marked as " different " within public spaces, through a discussion of the schism between the secular/religious. Such an examination is significant as these legislations are some of the most prohibitive in the West.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20824125" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6582b601996332194e7ebf2723ee667d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41582310,"asset_id":20824125,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41582310/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5ODQyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24705984" href="https://uva.academia.edu/LaraMazurski">Lara Mazurski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24705984" type="text/json">{"id":24705984,"first_name":"Lara","last_name":"Mazurski","domain_name":"uva","page_name":"LaraMazurski","display_name":"Lara Mazurski","profile_url":"https://uva.academia.edu/LaraMazurski?f_ri=27336","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24705984/6683947/12222229/s65_lara.mazurski.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20824125 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20824125"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20824125, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20824125", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20824125]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20824125").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20824125").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20824125"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory">Critical Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8" type="text/json">{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1192" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Theory">Feminist Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1192" type="text/json">{"id":1192,"name":"Feminist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Theory?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3773" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Criticism">Literary Criticism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3773" type="text/json">{"id":3773,"name":"Literary Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Criticism?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12317" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Judith_Butler">Judith Butler</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12317" type="text/json">{"id":12317,"name":"Judith Butler","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Judith_Butler?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20824125]'), work: {"id":20824125,"title":"Normative Dispositions of Secularism: Analysing Burqa Bans","created_at":"2016-01-26T02:20:51.302-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20824125/Normative_Dispositions_of_Secularism_Analysing_Burqa_Bans?f_ri=27336","dom_id":"work_20824125","summary":"For more than a decade, criticisms levied against Muslims and Islam in Western European countries such as France and the Netherlands have been shielded under the auspices of a call for increased security and a desire to protect liberal secularism. An example of this can be found in the recent move by the Dutch cabinet to implement legislation to ban the burqa in public places such as schools, hospitals, government buildings, and public transportation. The proposed Dutch ban follows the French parliament who implemented similar legislation in 2011 restricting the presence of discernible religious symbols such as burqas and niqabs from the public sphere. In a statement to the press, Prime Minister Mark Rutte, explains the proposed ban \" had nothing to do with religion, \" but rather it is intended to help facilitate \" recognizable communication \" (qtd. in \" Netherlands Plans \"). He clarifies \" In a free country like the Netherlands, everyone has the right to dress how they choose, no matter what others think. That freedom is only limited in situations when it is essential for people to look at each other \" (qtd. in \" Netherlands Plans \"). In this statement the restrictions placed on full face-veils are steeped in concerns of contemporary cultural conflict, inflamed by language that claims that Muslim immigrants to the Netherlands need to be better integrated. In France and the Netherlands, full face-veils have become symbols of \" religious extremism \" that are actively legislated against. As such they are tied to a series of judgments and evaluations that situate them as objectionable cultural objects and indicative of problematic immigrant groups. Defined as \" extremist \" or \" politically dangerous \" this vision of full face-veils is based on normative conceptions of the subject. When considered in relation to the secular, violence is done to those who are visibly different, marked by religious symbols that are understood through binaries such as objectionable/unobjectionable, Western/Eastern, Islamic/Christian, religious/secular further problematizing them. These schisms have intensified in the aftermath of 9/11 and the global war on terror creating a rift between secular and religious worldviews. There is no greater symbolic target of this schism between the secular and the religious than the burqa. The polarization of these two groups, secular and religious has gained further strength when they are posited in relation to the nation state. Within this context secularism is invoked as that which protects the state, defines it, and transforms practices related to public and private life via institutions. This paper explores the invocation of normative dispositions of secularism and security in light of the increasing restrictions placed against Muslim women in the public sphere in France and the Netherlands within dominant discourse. Drawing from the draw work of Saba Mahmood, Judith Butler, and Talal Asad I explore how bodies are marked as \" different \" within public spaces, through a discussion of the schism between the secular/religious. Such an examination is significant as these legislations are some of the most prohibitive in the West.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41582310,"asset_id":20824125,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24705984,"first_name":"Lara","last_name":"Mazurski","domain_name":"uva","page_name":"LaraMazurski","display_name":"Lara Mazurski","profile_url":"https://uva.academia.edu/LaraMazurski?f_ri=27336","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24705984/6683947/12222229/s65_lara.mazurski.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":1192,"name":"Feminist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Theory?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":3773,"name":"Literary Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Criticism?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":12317,"name":"Judith Butler","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Judith_Butler?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":14971,"name":"Politics of Secularism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_of_Secularism?f_ri=27336"},{"id":19135,"name":"Feminist activism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_activism?f_ri=27336"},{"id":19283,"name":"Secularisms and Secularities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Secularisms_and_Secularities?f_ri=27336"},{"id":23305,"name":"Transnational Feminism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_Feminism?f_ri=27336"},{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=27336"},{"id":33183,"name":"Migration, Ethnicity and Citizenship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Ethnicity_and_Citizenship?f_ri=27336"},{"id":40610,"name":"Saba Mahmood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saba_Mahmood?f_ri=27336"},{"id":41608,"name":"Citizenship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Citizenship?f_ri=27336"},{"id":43340,"name":"Talal Asad","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Talal_Asad?f_ri=27336"},{"id":148696,"name":"Normative Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Normative_Political_Theory?f_ri=27336"},{"id":157892,"name":"Netherlands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Netherlands?f_ri=27336"},{"id":836063,"name":"Burqa Ban","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Burqa_Ban?f_ri=27336"},{"id":963051,"name":"Burqa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Burqa?f_ri=27336"},{"id":975712,"name":"Veiling and Embodiment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veiling_and_Embodiment?f_ri=27336"},{"id":987983,"name":"Women and Veils","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Women_and_Veils?f_ri=27336"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63910464" data-work_id="63910464" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63910464/G%C3%BCneybat%C4%B1_Avrupa_Siyasal_Fay_Hatt%C4%B1_Kuzey_%C4%B0talya_G%C3%BCney_Fransa_Kuzey_%C4%B0spanya_ve_K%C3%BCresel_Rekabet">Güneybatı Avrupa Siyasal Fay Hattı; 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Protocole et traduction des questionnaires</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7866330" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5d07919f00231f93be3becef1c1cc909" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48308206,"asset_id":7866330,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48308206/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5ODQyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14680447" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BrunoWicker">Bruno Wicker</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14680447" type="text/json">{"id":14680447,"first_name":"Bruno","last_name":"Wicker","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BrunoWicker","display_name":"Bruno Wicker","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BrunoWicker?f_ri=27336","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14680447/3995922/4667209/s65_bruno.wicker.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7866330 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7866330"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7866330, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7866330", }); 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mutations de l’information et des médias locaux et régionaux: économie, contenus, usages et pratiques professionnelles</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2358389" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="41173b578c89889afc9df18abc929eaa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30396380,"asset_id":2358389,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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Smyrnaios","profile_url":"https://univ-toulouse.academia.edu/smyrnaios?f_ri=27336","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1136111/398774/8827391/s65_nikos.smyrnaios.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2358389 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2358389"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2358389, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2358389", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2358389 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2358389; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = 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style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2358389"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="884" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Location-based_media">Location-based media</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="884" type="text/json">{"id":884,"name":"Location-based media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Location-based_media?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="994" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journalism">Journalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="994" type="text/json">{"id":994,"name":"Journalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journalism?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27336" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France">France</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27336" type="text/json">{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2358389]'), work: {"id":2358389,"title":"Les mutations de l’information et des médias locaux et régionaux: économie, contenus, usages et pratiques professionnelles","created_at":"2013-01-03T20:54:29.279-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2358389/Les_mutations_de_l_information_et_des_m%C3%A9dias_locaux_et_r%C3%A9gionaux_%C3%A9conomie_contenus_usages_et_pratiques_professionnelles?f_ri=27336","dom_id":"work_2358389","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30396380,"asset_id":2358389,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1136111,"first_name":"Nikos","last_name":"Smyrnaios","domain_name":"univ-toulouse","page_name":"smyrnaios","display_name":"Nikos Smyrnaios","profile_url":"https://univ-toulouse.academia.edu/smyrnaios?f_ri=27336","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1136111/398774/8827391/s65_nikos.smyrnaios.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":884,"name":"Location-based media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Location-based_media?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":994,"name":"Journalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journalism?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37672756" data-work_id="37672756" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37672756/Hacks_leaks_and_disruptions_Russian_cyber_strategies">Hacks, leaks and disruptions Russian cyber strategies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">What is the relationship between cyber activities conducted by Russia at home and abroad? What role do cyber operations play as an instrument of Russia’s coercive diplomacy? How different is Russia from other cyber powers, and how do we... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37672756" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">What is the relationship between cyber activities conducted by Russia at home and abroad? What role do cyber operations play as an instrument of Russia’s coercive diplomacy? How different is Russia from other cyber powers, and how do we know for sure if the Kremlin is behind certain cyberattacks that have been attributed to it?<br /><br />This Chaillot Paper examines these and other key questions as it explores how Russia’s increasingly assertive behaviour in cyberspace has lent new urgency to the debate about cybersecurity in the West. It focuses on what lessons EU member states have learned from recent events, and on how the EU and NATO have responded to these cyber challenges on the diplomatic, political and security fronts. The paper argues that Russia’s aggressive use of cyber tools has led the US and many Europeans states to adopt more defensive cyber strategies, and that as a result Russia may have lost the strategic advantage it has hitherto enjoyed in what is becoming an ever-more contested domain.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37672756" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0d327a9b4da5bb0343cb1b1f9a6100be" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57661748,"asset_id":37672756,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57661748/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5ODQyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2811016" href="https://independent.academia.edu/StanislavSecrieru">Stanislav Secrieru</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2811016" type="text/json">{"id":2811016,"first_name":"Stanislav","last_name":"Secrieru","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StanislavSecrieru","display_name":"Stanislav Secrieru","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StanislavSecrieru?f_ri=27336","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2811016/954620/1195390/s65_stanislav.secrieru.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37672756 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37672756"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37672756, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37672756", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37672756]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37672756").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37672756").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37672756"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3826" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NATO">NATO</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3826" type="text/json">{"id":3826,"name":"NATO","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NATO?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10347" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union">European Union</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10347" type="text/json">{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27336" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France">France</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27336" type="text/json">{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30945" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyberspace">Cyberspace</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="30945" type="text/json">{"id":30945,"name":"Cyberspace","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyberspace?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37672756]'), work: {"id":37672756,"title":"Hacks, leaks and disruptions Russian cyber strategies","created_at":"2018-10-30T01:54:18.348-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37672756/Hacks_leaks_and_disruptions_Russian_cyber_strategies?f_ri=27336","dom_id":"work_37672756","summary":"What is the relationship between cyber activities conducted by Russia at home and abroad? What role do cyber operations play as an instrument of Russia’s coercive diplomacy? How different is Russia from other cyber powers, and how do we know for sure if the Kremlin is behind certain cyberattacks that have been attributed to it?\n\nThis Chaillot Paper examines these and other key questions as it explores how Russia’s increasingly assertive behaviour in cyberspace has lent new urgency to the debate about cybersecurity in the West. It focuses on what lessons EU member states have learned from recent events, and on how the EU and NATO have responded to these cyber challenges on the diplomatic, political and security fronts. The paper argues that Russia’s aggressive use of cyber tools has led the US and many Europeans states to adopt more defensive cyber strategies, and that as a result Russia may have lost the strategic advantage it has hitherto enjoyed in what is becoming an ever-more contested domain. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57661748,"asset_id":37672756,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2811016,"first_name":"Stanislav","last_name":"Secrieru","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StanislavSecrieru","display_name":"Stanislav Secrieru","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StanislavSecrieru?f_ri=27336","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2811016/954620/1195390/s65_stanislav.secrieru.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3826,"name":"NATO","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NATO?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":30945,"name":"Cyberspace","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyberspace?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":41863,"name":"Russia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russia?f_ri=27336"},{"id":46989,"name":"Ukraine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ukraine?f_ri=27336"},{"id":81556,"name":"Critical infrastructure protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_infrastructure_protection?f_ri=27336"},{"id":85743,"name":"Estonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estonia?f_ri=27336"},{"id":89536,"name":"Western Balkans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_Balkans?f_ri=27336"},{"id":115676,"name":"Cyber Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyber_Security?f_ri=27336"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1107169" data-work_id="1107169" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1107169/Ciro_Giannelli_Lexicon_of_the_Macedonian_Language_16th_century">Ciro Giannelli, "Lexicon of the Macedonian Language" , 16th century</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"Words and Phrases, Unchanged for Centuries. Containing a rich glossary and in excess of 300 words and phrases, the texts demonstrate the strength of the Macedonian language through preservation. Following is a comparison of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1107169" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"Words and Phrases, Unchanged for Centuries. <br /> <br />Containing a rich glossary and in excess of 300 words and phrases, the texts demonstrate the strength of the Macedonian language through preservation. <br /> <br />Following is a comparison of sentences between the texts and the Macedonian <br />dialect of Bitola as spoken today. <br /> <br />16th cent., Kostur dialect <br />21st cent., Bitola dialect <br /> <br />Gospodine, brate, da si zdrav, da si prost, ostavi ni da spime, ela da jame, i da pieme, dol da pojdime, da rabotime. <br />Gospodine, brate, da si zdrav, da si prost, ostai ne da spiame, ela da jaime, i da piame, dolu da pojdime, da rabotime. <br /> <br />Imate hljap-o da kupime, imate vino da kupime, ot koja strana da pojdime vo <br />Bogasko. <br />Imate lep da kupime, imate vino da kupime, od koja strana da pojdime vo <br />Bogatsko. <br /> <br />As can be clearly noticed, most of the vocabulary and grammar is identical. <br />All of the elements that would later be required to rejuvinate the Macedonian people as they were shaking off centuries of subjugation, were present during this period. The language of the people had solidified, a tradition of heraldry and symbolism had developed which incorporated the emblem of a rapant lion and historical figures from Macedonia's past, and the churches continued preserve the local customs and serve as cultural centres for the population. The significance of all these elements together cannot be overstated, the language of medieval Macedonia is the same as the language of the Macedonians today. Unfortunately, only a small portion of the larger amount of Macedonian literature from the Middle Ages has survived, much of it being looted and destroyed by Greek-speaking officials, clerics and teachers. Nevertheless, Macedonian as a language reached its current form centuries before the creation of the Balkan states in the 19th and 20th centuries. "</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1107169" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2297179aa52a84c9cf57bdd563f0a03d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39678008,"asset_id":1107169,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39678008/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5ODQyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="969566" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BasilChulev">Basil Chulev</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="969566" type="text/json">{"id":969566,"first_name":"Basil","last_name":"Chulev","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BasilChulev","display_name":"Basil Chulev","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BasilChulev?f_ri=27336","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/969566/1471058/1796146/s65_basil.chulev.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1107169 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1107169"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1107169, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1107169", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1107169]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1107169").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1107169").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1107169"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">70</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="97" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philology">Philology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="97" type="text/json">{"id":97,"name":"Philology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philology?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="101" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages">Languages</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="101" type="text/json">{"id":101,"name":"Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="105" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Languages">Modern Languages</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="105" type="text/json">{"id":105,"name":"Modern Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Languages?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1107169]'), work: {"id":1107169,"title":"Ciro Giannelli, \"Lexicon of the Macedonian Language\" , 16th century","created_at":"2011-11-21T16:14:39.744-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1107169/Ciro_Giannelli_Lexicon_of_the_Macedonian_Language_16th_century?f_ri=27336","dom_id":"work_1107169","summary":"\"Words and Phrases, Unchanged for Centuries. \r\n\r\nContaining a rich glossary and in excess of 300 words and phrases, the texts demonstrate the strength of the Macedonian language through preservation. \r\n\r\nFollowing is a comparison of sentences between the texts and the Macedonian \r\ndialect of Bitola as spoken today. \r\n\r\n16th cent., Kostur dialect \r\n21st cent., Bitola dialect \r\n\r\nGospodine, brate, da si zdrav, da si prost, ostavi ni da spime, ela da jame, i da pieme, dol da pojdime, da rabotime. \r\nGospodine, brate, da si zdrav, da si prost, ostai ne da spiame, ela da jaime, i da piame, dolu da pojdime, da rabotime. \r\n\r\nImate hljap-o da kupime, imate vino da kupime, ot koja strana da pojdime vo \r\nBogasko. \r\nImate lep da kupime, imate vino da kupime, od koja strana da pojdime vo \r\nBogatsko. \r\n\r\nAs can be clearly noticed, most of the vocabulary and grammar is identical. \r\nAll of the elements that would later be required to rejuvinate the Macedonian people as they were shaking off centuries of subjugation, were present during this period. The language of the people had solidified, a tradition of heraldry and symbolism had developed which incorporated the emblem of a rapant lion and historical figures from Macedonia's past, and the churches continued preserve the local customs and serve as cultural centres for the population. The significance of all these elements together cannot be overstated, the language of medieval Macedonia is the same as the language of the Macedonians today. Unfortunately, only a small portion of the larger amount of Macedonian literature from the Middle Ages has survived, much of it being looted and destroyed by Greek-speaking officials, clerics and teachers. 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u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">En este trabajo intentaremos profundizar sobre el jardín francés de Vaux le Vicomte en su<br />gestación, evolución, recorrido y en sus distintos usos.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43723122" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="506ade310e1ed053527628895581b912" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64031511,"asset_id":43723122,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen 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Rameau. Traité de l'harmonie (1722). Nouveau systême de musique théorique (1726)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35663027" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5b211cf6f26d637403cf2a23982bf82d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55533528,"asset_id":35663027,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55533528/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5ODQyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="17896826" href="https://ekspertsztuki.academia.edu/Mi%C5%82oszAleksandrowicz">Miłosz Aleksandrowicz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="17896826" type="text/json">{"id":17896826,"first_name":"Miłosz","last_name":"Aleksandrowicz","domain_name":"ekspertsztuki","page_name":"MiłoszAleksandrowicz","display_name":"Miłosz Aleksandrowicz","profile_url":"https://ekspertsztuki.academia.edu/Mi%C5%82oszAleksandrowicz?f_ri=27336","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17896826/4998504/18764958/s65_mi_osz.aleksandrowicz.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35663027 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35663027"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35663027, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35663027", }); 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Éléments pratiques et... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4966178" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Bien que représentant un cas particulier, le Livre d'Echantillons Fol Est 489 constitue un bon exemple de la manière dont un recueil à destination d'un homme de l'art était composé au milieu du XVIIIe siècle. Éléments pratiques et didactiques y forment un vaste ensemble dans lequel le propriétaire pouvait puiser des idées et des formes, adaptables et combinables au gré de son imagination et des exigences de ses commanditaires. Il témoigne aussi du coût qu'un tel objet pouvait constituer, investissement assez onéreux pour un simple artisan. 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67043435" data-work_id="67043435" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67043435/Corpus_callosum_area_in_patients_with_bipolar_disorder_with_and_without_psychotic_features_an_international_multicentre_study">Corpus callosum area in patients with bipolar disorder with and without psychotic features: an international multicentre study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Previous studies have reported MRI abnormalities of the corpus callosum (CC) in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), although only a few studies have directly compared callosal areas in psychotic versus nonpsychotic patients with this... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67043435" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Previous studies have reported MRI abnormalities of the corpus callosum (CC) in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), although only a few studies have directly compared callosal areas in psychotic versus nonpsychotic patients with this disorder. We sought to compare regional callosal areas in a large international multicentre sample of patients with BD and healthy controls. We analyzed anatomic T1 MRI data of patients with BD-I and healthy controls recruited from 4 sites (France, Germany, Ireland and the United States). We obtained the mid-sagittal areas of 7 CC subregions using an automatic CC delineation. Differences in regional callosal areas between patients and controls were compared using linear mixed models (adjusting for age, sex, handedness, brain volume, history of alcohol abuse/dependence, lithium or antipsychotic medication status, symptomatic status and site) and multiple comparisons correction. We also compared regional areas of the CC between patients with BD with and ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67043435" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="253efa1c83a673d450e8a74766811d4e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78011518,"asset_id":67043435,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78011518/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5ODQyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31425897" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ColmMcDonald">Colm McDonald</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31425897" type="text/json">{"id":31425897,"first_name":"Colm","last_name":"McDonald","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ColmMcDonald","display_name":"Colm McDonald","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ColmMcDonald?f_ri=27336","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67043435 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67043435"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67043435, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67043435", }); 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We sought to compare regional callosal areas in a large international multicentre sample of patients with BD and healthy controls. We analyzed anatomic T1 MRI data of patients with BD-I and healthy controls recruited from 4 sites (France, Germany, Ireland and the United States). We obtained the mid-sagittal areas of 7 CC subregions using an automatic CC delineation. Differences in regional callosal areas between patients and controls were compared using linear mixed models (adjusting for age, sex, handedness, brain volume, history of alcohol abuse/dependence, lithium or antipsychotic medication status, symptomatic status and site) and multiple comparisons correction. We also compared regional areas of the CC between patients with BD with and ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78011518,"asset_id":67043435,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31425897,"first_name":"Colm","last_name":"McDonald","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ColmMcDonald","display_name":"Colm McDonald","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ColmMcDonald?f_ri=27336","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":3230,"name":"Bipolar Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bipolar_Disorder?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":9293,"name":"Lithium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithium?f_ri=27336"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=27336"},{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=27336"},{"id":28850,"name":"Linear models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linear_models?f_ri=27336"},{"id":29842,"name":"Ireland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ireland?f_ri=27336"},{"id":50576,"name":"Germany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Germany?f_ri=27336"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=27336"},{"id":65614,"name":"Corpus Callosum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corpus_Callosum?f_ri=27336"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=27336"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=27336"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male?f_ri=27336"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=27336"},{"id":295155,"name":"Middle Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Aged?f_ri=27336"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult?f_ri=27336"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=27336"},{"id":2795557,"name":"Antipsychotic agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antipsychotic_agents?f_ri=27336"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_64679383" data-work_id="64679383" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64679383/Storytelling_statistics_and_hereditary_thought_the_narrative_support_of_early_statistics">Storytelling, statistics and hereditary thought: the narrative support of early statistics</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper&#x27;s main contention is that some basically methodological developments in science which are apparently distant and unrelated can be seen as part of a sequential story. Focusing on general inferential and epistemological... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_64679383" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper&#x27;s main contention is that some basically methodological developments in science which are apparently distant and unrelated can be seen as part of a sequential story. Focusing on general inferential and epistemological matters, the paper links occurrences separated by both in time and space, by formal and representational issues rather than social or disciplinary links. It focuses on a few limited aspects of several cognitive practices in medical and biological contexts separated by geography, disciplines and decades, but ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/64679383" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1aeaae1d2b4942811635bec05cbd5c68" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76604814,"asset_id":64679383,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76604814/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5ODQyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="178349158" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CL%C3%B3pezBeltr%C3%A1n">Carlos López Beltrán</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="178349158" type="text/json">{"id":178349158,"first_name":"Carlos","last_name":"López Beltrán","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CLópezBeltrán","display_name":"Carlos López Beltrán","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CL%C3%B3pezBeltr%C3%A1n?f_ri=27336","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_64679383 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="64679383"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64679383, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_64679383", }); 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Focusing on general inferential and epistemological matters, the paper links occurrences separated by both in time and space, by formal and representational issues rather than social or disciplinary links. 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$(".js-view-count-work_63251026").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63251026"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2599" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics">Psychometrics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2599" type="text/json">{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27336" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France">France</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27336" type="text/json">{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64568" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans">Humans</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64568" type="text/json">{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="96213" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospitalization">Hospitalization</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="96213" type="text/json">{"id":96213,"name":"Hospitalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospitalization?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=63251026]'), work: {"id":63251026,"title":"Validation of a French hospitalized patients' satisfaction 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Satisfaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patient_Satisfaction?f_ri=27336"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=27336"},{"id":295155,"name":"Middle Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Aged?f_ri=27336"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=27336"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult?f_ri=27336"},{"id":537505,"name":"For","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/For?f_ri=27336"},{"id":549280,"name":"Reproducibility of Results","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproducibility_of_Results?f_ri=27336"},{"id":2345130,"name":"Socioeconomic Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Factors?f_ri=27336"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences?f_ri=27336"},{"id":3009044,"name":"quality assurance in health care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/quality_assurance_in_health_care?f_ri=27336"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=27336"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_56500975" data-work_id="56500975" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56500975/Pyrethroid_insecticide_exposure_and_cognitive_developmental_disabilities_in_children_The_PELAGIE_mother_child_cohort">Pyrethroid insecticide exposure and cognitive developmental disabilities in children: The PELAGIE mother-child cohort</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used in agriculture and in homes. Despite the neurotoxicity of these insecticides at high doses, few studies have examined whether lower-level exposures could adversely affect children&#39;s... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_56500975" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used in agriculture and in homes. Despite the neurotoxicity of these insecticides at high doses, few studies have examined whether lower-level exposures could adversely affect children&#39;s neurodevelopment. The PELAGIE cohort included 3421 pregnant women from Brittany, France between 2002 and 2006. When their children reached their sixth birthday, 428 mothers from the cohort were randomly selected, successfully contacted and found eligible. A total of 287 (67%) mothers agreed to participate with their children in the neuropsychological follow-up. Two cognitive domains were assessed by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children: verbal comprehension and working memory. Five pyrethroid and two organophosphate insecticide metabolites were measured in maternal and child first-void urine samples collected between 6 and 19 gestational weeks and at 6years of age, respectively. Linear regression models were used to estimate associations between cogniti...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/56500975" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4158a439ecf11158d811834c7e5f4913" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71857140,"asset_id":56500975,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71857140/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5ODQyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="62189794" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GwendolinaLimon">Gwendolina Limon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="62189794" type="text/json">{"id":62189794,"first_name":"Gwendolina","last_name":"Limon","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GwendolinaLimon","display_name":"Gwendolina Limon","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GwendolinaLimon?f_ri=27336","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_56500975 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="56500975"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 56500975, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_56500975", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=56500975]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_56500975").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_56500975").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="56500975"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4212" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition">Cognition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4212" type="text/json">{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10225" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture">Agriculture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10225" type="text/json">{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27336" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France">France</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27336" type="text/json">{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=56500975]'), work: {"id":56500975,"title":"Pyrethroid insecticide exposure and cognitive developmental disabilities in children: The PELAGIE mother-child cohort","created_at":"2021-10-08T02:26:36.675-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/56500975/Pyrethroid_insecticide_exposure_and_cognitive_developmental_disabilities_in_children_The_PELAGIE_mother_child_cohort?f_ri=27336","dom_id":"work_56500975","summary":"Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used in agriculture and in homes. Despite the neurotoxicity of these insecticides at high doses, few studies have examined whether lower-level exposures could adversely affect children\u0026#39;s neurodevelopment. The PELAGIE cohort included 3421 pregnant women from Brittany, France between 2002 and 2006. When their children reached their sixth birthday, 428 mothers from the cohort were randomly selected, successfully contacted and found eligible. A total of 287 (67%) mothers agreed to participate with their children in the neuropsychological follow-up. Two cognitive domains were assessed by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children: verbal comprehension and working memory. Five pyrethroid and two organophosphate insecticide metabolites were measured in maternal and child first-void urine samples collected between 6 and 19 gestational weeks and at 6years of age, respectively. Linear regression models were used to estimate associations between cogniti...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71857140,"asset_id":56500975,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":62189794,"first_name":"Gwendolina","last_name":"Limon","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GwendolinaLimon","display_name":"Gwendolina Limon","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GwendolinaLimon?f_ri=27336","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":28850,"name":"Linear models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linear_models?f_ri=27336"},{"id":52972,"name":"Insecticides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insecticides?f_ri=27336"},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=27336"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=27336"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=27336"},{"id":83906,"name":"Nitriles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitriles?f_ri=27336"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=27336"},{"id":137145,"name":"Developmental disabilities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_disabilities?f_ri=27336"},{"id":162282,"name":"Mothers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mothers?f_ri=27336"},{"id":198061,"name":"Organophosphorus Compounds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organophosphorus_Compounds?f_ri=27336"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult?f_ri=27336"},{"id":644084,"name":"Intelligence tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intelligence_tests?f_ri=27336"},{"id":799292,"name":"Organophosphates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organophosphates?f_ri=27336"},{"id":1208706,"name":"Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment?f_ri=27336"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=27336"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41054556" data-work_id="41054556" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41054556/The_Modern_Feminist_Humanitarian_History_and_Practice">The Modern Feminist Humanitarian: History and Practice</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The story of the modern feminist and humanitarian is a relatively short one, at least according to popular knowledge. The timeline tends to begin in 1948, with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Then come moments in the 1960s and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41054556" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The story of the modern feminist and humanitarian is a relatively short one, at least according to popular knowledge. The timeline tends to begin in 1948, with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Then come moments in the 1960s and 1970s, like the adoption of CEDAW in 1979. From more recent years, we cite the UN Sustainable Development Goals of 2015, or #MeToo’s viral moment in 2017. <br /><br />My research expands this narrative by tracing the history of the “modern feminist humanitarian” to the late nineteenth century. I question the idea that feminism and humanitarianism were modern inventions of the post-World War Two era by turning to an exceptional historical case study: policy, research, and advocacy on female prostitution in Cambodia during the period of the French protectorate (1863-1954). I pose the following questions about past history and present practice: first, how do ideas about oppressed/emancipated female gender and sexuality shape the humanitarian mandates of states and institutions? And second, how can women’s, gender, and sexuality studies, framed by histories of imperial and colonial processes, move scholarship and activism to think about the ethics of being a feminist humanitarian? <br /><br />As historians of gender and empire have demonstrated, the lives of women can often be traced by following what were the protectionist enterprises of imperial and colonial processes, and such projects often had nebulous or dangerous consequences for women. My research on projects that the French implemented in Cambodia corroborates this. This notion echoes scholarship pointing out that humanitarianism and human rights are not mutually dependent, leaving us with an unsettling thought: humanitarian interventions, even those designed to be gender-responsive, can be disempowering in its attempt to empower. Awareness of a historical tradition of gender-based interventions should alert development scholars and practitioners to critical examination of their own feminist research and gender mainstreaming programs. By interrogating the modern feminist and humanitarian claims made in the context of protecting women in colonial Cambodia, I challenge present policymakers and activists who claim to practice gender-sensitive and human-centered approaches in humanitarian and development programs across the Global South.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41054556" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f01d8adb03ee1cea05864c8d8bd3d16f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61326641,"asset_id":41054556,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61326641/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5ODQyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4626546" href="https://unyp.academia.edu/TaraTran">Tara Tran</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4626546" type="text/json">{"id":4626546,"first_name":"Tara","last_name":"Tran","domain_name":"unyp","page_name":"TaraTran","display_name":"Tara Tran","profile_url":"https://unyp.academia.edu/TaraTran?f_ri=27336","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4626546/1935502/158212700/s65_tara.tran.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41054556 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41054556"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41054556, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41054556", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41054556]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41054556").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41054556").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41054556"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="696" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies">Gender Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="696" type="text/json">{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2593" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanitarianism">Humanitarianism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2593" type="text/json">{"id":2593,"name":"Humanitarianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanitarianism?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4917" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Sexuality">Gender and Sexuality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4917" type="text/json">{"id":4917,"name":"Gender and Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Sexuality?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6556" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism">Colonialism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6556" type="text/json">{"id":6556,"name":"Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41054556]'), work: {"id":41054556,"title":"The Modern Feminist Humanitarian: History and Practice","created_at":"2019-11-25T01:01:33.737-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41054556/The_Modern_Feminist_Humanitarian_History_and_Practice?f_ri=27336","dom_id":"work_41054556","summary":"The story of the modern feminist and humanitarian is a relatively short one, at least according to popular knowledge. The timeline tends to begin in 1948, with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Then come moments in the 1960s and 1970s, like the adoption of CEDAW in 1979. From more recent years, we cite the UN Sustainable Development Goals of 2015, or #MeToo’s viral moment in 2017. \n\nMy research expands this narrative by tracing the history of the “modern feminist humanitarian” to the late nineteenth century. I question the idea that feminism and humanitarianism were modern inventions of the post-World War Two era by turning to an exceptional historical case study: policy, research, and advocacy on female prostitution in Cambodia during the period of the French protectorate (1863-1954). I pose the following questions about past history and present practice: first, how do ideas about oppressed/emancipated female gender and sexuality shape the humanitarian mandates of states and institutions? And second, how can women’s, gender, and sexuality studies, framed by histories of imperial and colonial processes, move scholarship and activism to think about the ethics of being a feminist humanitarian? \n\nAs historians of gender and empire have demonstrated, the lives of women can often be traced by following what were the protectionist enterprises of imperial and colonial processes, and such projects often had nebulous or dangerous consequences for women. My research on projects that the French implemented in Cambodia corroborates this. This notion echoes scholarship pointing out that humanitarianism and human rights are not mutually dependent, leaving us with an unsettling thought: humanitarian interventions, even those designed to be gender-responsive, can be disempowering in its attempt to empower. Awareness of a historical tradition of gender-based interventions should alert development scholars and practitioners to critical examination of their own feminist research and gender mainstreaming programs. By interrogating the modern feminist and humanitarian claims made in the context of protecting women in colonial Cambodia, I challenge present policymakers and activists who claim to practice gender-sensitive and human-centered approaches in humanitarian and development programs across the Global South.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61326641,"asset_id":41054556,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4626546,"first_name":"Tara","last_name":"Tran","domain_name":"unyp","page_name":"TaraTran","display_name":"Tara Tran","profile_url":"https://unyp.academia.edu/TaraTran?f_ri=27336","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4626546/1935502/158212700/s65_tara.tran.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":2593,"name":"Humanitarianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanitarianism?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":4917,"name":"Gender and Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Sexuality?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":6556,"name":"Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":6814,"name":"Cambodia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cambodia?f_ri=27336"},{"id":10453,"name":"Feminism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminism?f_ri=27336"},{"id":17416,"name":"History of Feminism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Feminism?f_ri=27336"},{"id":22974,"name":"History of Humanitarianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Humanitarianism?f_ri=27336"},{"id":24920,"name":"Prostitution \u0026 Trafficking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prostitution_and_Trafficking?f_ri=27336"},{"id":26274,"name":"Cambodian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cambodian_History?f_ri=27336"},{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=27336"},{"id":30010,"name":"Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empire?f_ri=27336"},{"id":56908,"name":"Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperialism?f_ri=27336"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31791050" data-work_id="31791050" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31791050/_En_direct_des_esp%C3%A8ces_avez_vous_vu_Obama_dans_votre_jardin_">« En direct des espèces » : avez-vous vu Obama dans votre jardin ?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31791050" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="979f070c2c204b4cf504a286cf18f552" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52102656,"asset_id":31791050,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52102656/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5ODQyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2584236" href="https://mnhn.academia.edu/JeanLouJustine">Jean-Lou Justine</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2584236" type="text/json">{"id":2584236,"first_name":"Jean-Lou","last_name":"Justine","domain_name":"mnhn","page_name":"JeanLouJustine","display_name":"Jean-Lou Justine","profile_url":"https://mnhn.academia.edu/JeanLouJustine?f_ri=27336","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2584236/811306/1009078/s65_jean-lou.justine.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31791050 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31791050"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31791050, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31791050", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31791050 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31791050; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31791050"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31791050 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31791050"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31791050; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31791050]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31791050").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31791050").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31791050"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11870" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invasive_Species">Invasive Species</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11870" type="text/json">{"id":11870,"name":"Invasive Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invasive_Species?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27336" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France">France</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27336" type="text/json">{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="65805" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nomenclature">Nomenclature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="65805" type="text/json">{"id":65805,"name":"Nomenclature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nomenclature?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="101548" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invasive_Alien_Species">Invasive Alien Species</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="101548" type="text/json">{"id":101548,"name":"Invasive Alien Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invasive_Alien_Species?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31791050]'), work: {"id":31791050,"title":"« En direct des espèces » : avez-vous vu Obama dans votre jardin ?","created_at":"2017-03-09T10:45:22.766-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31791050/_En_direct_des_esp%C3%A8ces_avez_vous_vu_Obama_dans_votre_jardin_?f_ri=27336","dom_id":"work_31791050","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52102656,"asset_id":31791050,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2584236,"first_name":"Jean-Lou","last_name":"Justine","domain_name":"mnhn","page_name":"JeanLouJustine","display_name":"Jean-Lou Justine","profile_url":"https://mnhn.academia.edu/JeanLouJustine?f_ri=27336","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2584236/811306/1009078/s65_jean-lou.justine.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11870,"name":"Invasive Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invasive_Species?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":65805,"name":"Nomenclature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nomenclature?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":101548,"name":"Invasive Alien Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invasive_Alien_Species?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":247537,"name":"Zoological nomenclature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoological_nomenclature?f_ri=27336"},{"id":503273,"name":"Flatworms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flatworms?f_ri=27336"},{"id":611756,"name":"Turbellaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turbellaria?f_ri=27336"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25522509" data-work_id="25522509" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25522509/Pneumocystis_oryctolagi_sp_nov_an_uncultured_fungus_causing_pneumonia_in_rabbits_at_weaning_review_of_current_knowledge_and_description_of_a_new_taxon_on_genotypic_phylogenetic_and_phenotypic_bases">Pneumocystis oryctolagi sp. nov., an uncultured fungus causing pneumonia in rabbits at weaning: review of current knowledge, and description of a new taxon on genotypic, phylogenetic and phenotypic bases</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25522509" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa 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itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6269494" href="https://enva.academia.edu/JacquesGuillot">Jacques Guillot</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6269494" type="text/json">{"id":6269494,"first_name":"Jacques","last_name":"Guillot","domain_name":"enva","page_name":"JacquesGuillot","display_name":"Jacques Guillot","profile_url":"https://enva.academia.edu/JacquesGuillot?f_ri=27336","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6269494/12900098/14286330/s65_jacques.guillot.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25522509 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25522509"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25522509, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25522509", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25522509 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25522509; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25522509"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25522509 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25522509"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25522509; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25522509]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25522509").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25522509").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25522509"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2184" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Microscopy">Electron Microscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2184" type="text/json">{"id":2184,"name":"Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27336" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France">France</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27336" 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Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ambulatory_Care?f_ri=27336"},{"id":1470936,"name":"Age Groups","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age_Groups?f_ri=27336"},{"id":2002229,"name":"General Hospital Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Hospital_Psychiatry?f_ri=27336"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72265889" data-work_id="72265889" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72265889/A_comparative_study_of_perceptions_on_tobacco_in_vulnerable_populations_between_India_and_France">A comparative study of perceptions on tobacco in vulnerable populations between India and France</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Perceptions of tobacco are a relatively unexplored issue in disadvantaged populations in India and France. The objectives of this study included the following: obtain qualitative information on representations of tobacco use and cessation... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72265889" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Perceptions of tobacco are a relatively unexplored issue in disadvantaged populations in India and France. The objectives of this study included the following: obtain qualitative information on representations of tobacco use and cessation within two vulnerable populations; identify cultural factors that influence tobacco use and cessation; and acquire information for the development of effective tobacco cessation strategies. A total of 21 focus groups were conducted in India and France. All study participants were disadvantaged adults 18 years old or older. Sixty women resided in South Delhi in India and 163 adults with disabilities resided in the south of France. They were all current tobacco users. Data were collected by focus group and analysed with thematic coding. In both samples, the most relevant reasons of tobacco use were daily life circumstances, which were also a major barrier to quitting. None of the participants reported that quitting difficulties could be due to depend...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72265889" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0f5caebf482a8736bb0705be5a65d28c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81261561,"asset_id":72265889,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81261561/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5ODQyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50537892" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MAghi1">M. 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METHODS: A cross-sectional epidemiological survey of osteoporosis in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69502463" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">OBJECTIVES: To evaluate dietary calcium intake in postmenopausal women over 45 years of age and compare intake according to osteoporosis diagnosis and fracture history. METHODS: A cross-sectional epidemiological survey of osteoporosis in postmenopausal ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69502463" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="95e48d72234157662730d4109800f309" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79575640,"asset_id":69502463,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79575640/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5ODQyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="211370664" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FlorenceMercier4">Florence Mercier</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="211370664" type="text/json">{"id":211370664,"first_name":"Florence","last_name":"Mercier","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FlorenceMercier4","display_name":"Florence Mercier","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FlorenceMercier4?f_ri=27336","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69502463 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69502463"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69502463, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69502463", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69502463]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_69502463").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_69502463").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69502463"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27336" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France">France</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27336" type="text/json">{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55646" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postmenopausal_Women">Postmenopausal Women</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55646" type="text/json">{"id":55646,"name":"Postmenopausal Women","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postmenopausal_Women?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="63997" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osteoporosis">Osteoporosis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="63997" type="text/json">{"id":63997,"name":"Osteoporosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osteoporosis?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69502463]'), work: {"id":69502463,"title":"Calcium intake and the risk of osteoporosis and fractures in French women","created_at":"2022-01-26T10:26:53.757-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69502463/Calcium_intake_and_the_risk_of_osteoporosis_and_fractures_in_French_women?f_ri=27336","dom_id":"work_69502463","summary":"OBJECTIVES: To evaluate dietary calcium intake in postmenopausal women over 45 years of age and compare intake according to osteoporosis diagnosis and fracture history. METHODS: A cross-sectional epidemiological survey of osteoporosis in postmenopausal ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79575640,"asset_id":69502463,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":211370664,"first_name":"Florence","last_name":"Mercier","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FlorenceMercier4","display_name":"Florence Mercier","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FlorenceMercier4?f_ri=27336","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":55646,"name":"Postmenopausal Women","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postmenopausal_Women?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":63997,"name":"Osteoporosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osteoporosis?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=27336"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=27336"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male?f_ri=27336"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=27336"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=27336"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=27336"},{"id":289330,"name":"Prevalence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevalence?f_ri=27336"},{"id":295155,"name":"Middle Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Aged?f_ri=27336"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=27336"},{"id":559553,"name":"Dairy Products","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dairy_Products?f_ri=27336"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=27336"},{"id":1034181,"name":"Cross Sectional Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Sectional_Studies?f_ri=27336"},{"id":1135590,"name":"Thermo-mineral Waters","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermo-mineral_Waters?f_ri=27336"},{"id":1388134,"name":"Dietary Calcium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dietary_Calcium?f_ri=27336"},{"id":1423006,"name":"General Population","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Population?f_ri=27336"},{"id":4002453,"name":"Fractures Bone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fractures_Bone?f_ri=27336"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67754193" data-work_id="67754193" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67754193/French_intensivists_do_not_apply_American_recommendations_regarding_decisions_to_forgo_life_sustaining_therapy">French intensivists do not apply American recommendations regarding decisions to forgo life-sustaining therapy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Recommendations for making and implementing decisions to forgo life-sustaining therapy in intensive care units have been developed in the United States, but the extent that they are realized in practice has yet to be measured.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67754193" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Recommendations for making and implementing decisions to forgo life-sustaining therapy in intensive care units have been developed in the United States, but the extent that they are realized in practice has yet to be measured. Prospective, multicenter, 4-wk study. For each patient with an implemented decision to forgo life-sustaining therapy, the deliberation and decision implementation procedures were recorded. French intensive care units. All consecutive patients admitted to 26 French intensive care units. None. Of 1,009 patients admitted, 208 died in the intensive care unit. A decision to forgo life-sustaining therapy was implemented in 105 patients. The number of supportive treatments forgone was 2.3 +/- 1.7 per patient. Decisions to forgo sustaining therapy were preceded by 3.5 +/- 2.5 deliberation sessions. Proxies were informed of the deliberations in 62 (59.1%) cases but participated in only 18 (17.1%) decisions. The patient&amp;amp;amp;#39;s perception of his or her quality of life was rarely evaluated (11.5%), and only rarely did the decision involve evaluating the patient&amp;amp;amp;#39;s wishes (7.6%), the patient&amp;amp;amp;#39;s religious values (7.6%), or the cost of treatment (7.6%). Factors most frequently evaluated were medical team advice (95.3%), predicted reversibility of acute disease (90.5%), underlying disease severity (83.9%), and the patient&amp;amp;amp;#39;s quality of life as evaluated by caregivers (80.1%). A decision to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining therapy was implemented for half the patients who died in the French intensive care units studied. In many cases, the decision was taken without regard for one or more factors identified as relevant in U.S. guidelines.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67754193" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="102013024" href="https://u-pec.academia.edu/fran%C3%A7oislemaire">françois lemaire</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="102013024" type="text/json">{"id":102013024,"first_name":"françois","last_name":"lemaire","domain_name":"u-pec","page_name":"françoislemaire","display_name":"françois lemaire","profile_url":"https://u-pec.academia.edu/fran%C3%A7oislemaire?f_ri=27336","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67754193 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67754193"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67754193, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67754193", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67754193]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67754193").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67754193").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67754193"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="588" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing">Nursing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="588" type="text/json">{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1681" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making">Decision Making</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1681" type="text/json">{"id":1681,"name":"Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3243" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonparametric_Statistics">Nonparametric Statistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3243" type="text/json">{"id":3243,"name":"Nonparametric Statistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonparametric_Statistics?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67754193]'), work: {"id":67754193,"title":"French intensivists do not apply American recommendations regarding decisions to forgo life-sustaining therapy","created_at":"2022-01-10T07:47:11.221-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67754193/French_intensivists_do_not_apply_American_recommendations_regarding_decisions_to_forgo_life_sustaining_therapy?f_ri=27336","dom_id":"work_67754193","summary":"Recommendations for making and implementing decisions to forgo life-sustaining therapy in intensive care units have been developed in the United States, but the extent that they are realized in practice has yet to be measured. Prospective, multicenter, 4-wk study. For each patient with an implemented decision to forgo life-sustaining therapy, the deliberation and decision implementation procedures were recorded. French intensive care units. All consecutive patients admitted to 26 French intensive care units. None. Of 1,009 patients admitted, 208 died in the intensive care unit. A decision to forgo life-sustaining therapy was implemented in 105 patients. The number of supportive treatments forgone was 2.3 +/- 1.7 per patient. Decisions to forgo sustaining therapy were preceded by 3.5 +/- 2.5 deliberation sessions. Proxies were informed of the deliberations in 62 (59.1%) cases but participated in only 18 (17.1%) decisions. The patient\u0026amp;amp;amp;#39;s perception of his or her quality of life was rarely evaluated (11.5%), and only rarely did the decision involve evaluating the patient\u0026amp;amp;amp;#39;s wishes (7.6%), the patient\u0026amp;amp;amp;#39;s religious values (7.6%), or the cost of treatment (7.6%). Factors most frequently evaluated were medical team advice (95.3%), predicted reversibility of acute disease (90.5%), underlying disease severity (83.9%), and the patient\u0026amp;amp;amp;#39;s quality of life as evaluated by caregivers (80.1%). A decision to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining therapy was implemented for half the patients who died in the French intensive care units studied. In many cases, the decision was taken without regard for one or more factors identified as relevant in U.S. guidelines.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":102013024,"first_name":"françois","last_name":"lemaire","domain_name":"u-pec","page_name":"françoislemaire","display_name":"françois lemaire","profile_url":"https://u-pec.academia.edu/fran%C3%A7oislemaire?f_ri=27336","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":1681,"name":"Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":3243,"name":"Nonparametric Statistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonparametric_Statistics?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=27336"},{"id":32538,"name":"Critical Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Care?f_ri=27336"},{"id":37855,"name":"Critical Care Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Care_Medicine?f_ri=27336"},{"id":41482,"name":"Multivariate Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multivariate_Analysis?f_ri=27336"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=27336"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=27336"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male?f_ri=27336"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=27336"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=27336"},{"id":295155,"name":"Middle Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Aged?f_ri=27336"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult?f_ri=27336"},{"id":793339,"name":"Intensive Care Units","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intensive_Care_Units?f_ri=27336"},{"id":1294607,"name":"Logistic Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logistic_Models?f_ri=27336"},{"id":1548059,"name":"Critical Illness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Illness?f_ri=27336"},{"id":3732490,"name":"medical futility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/medical_futility?f_ri=27336"},{"id":3989030,"name":"Life support care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_support_care?f_ri=27336"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_62129694" data-work_id="62129694" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62129694/How_is_impulsivity_related_to_depression_in_adolescence_Evidence_from_a_French_validation_of_the_cognitive_emotion_regulation_questionnaire">How is impulsivity related to depression in adolescence? 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We report... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_55712997" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Juvenile Arthritis Multidimensional Assessment Report (JAMAR) is a new parent/patient reported outcome measure that enables a thorough assessment of the disease status in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). We report the results of the cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the parent and patient versions of the JAMAR in the French language. The reading comprehension of the questionnaire was tested in 10 JIA parents and patients. Each participating centre was asked to collect demographic, clinical data and the JAMAR in 100 consecutive JIA patients or all consecutive patients seen in a 6-month period and to administer the JAMAR to 100 healthy children and their parents. The statistical validation phase explored descriptive statistics and the psychometric issues of the JAMAR: the three Likert assumptions, floor/ceiling effects, internal consistency, Cronbach&#39;s alpha, interscale correlations and construct validity (convergent and discriminant validity). A to...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/55712997" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="640f0beba183931d94916c06d08fb94f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71455441,"asset_id":55712997,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71455441/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5ODQyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36364374" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RichardMouy">Richard Mouy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36364374" type="text/json">{"id":36364374,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Mouy","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RichardMouy","display_name":"Richard Mouy","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RichardMouy?f_ri=27336","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_55712997 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="55712997"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 55712997, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_55712997", }); 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We report the results of the cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the parent and patient versions of the JAMAR in the French language. The reading comprehension of the questionnaire was tested in 10 JIA parents and patients. Each participating centre was asked to collect demographic, clinical data and the JAMAR in 100 consecutive JIA patients or all consecutive patients seen in a 6-month period and to administer the JAMAR to 100 healthy children and their parents. The statistical validation phase explored descriptive statistics and the psychometric issues of the JAMAR: the three Likert assumptions, floor/ceiling effects, internal consistency, Cronbach\u0026#39;s alpha, interscale correlations and construct validity (convergent and discriminant validity). A to...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71455441,"asset_id":55712997,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36364374,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Mouy","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RichardMouy","display_name":"Richard Mouy","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RichardMouy?f_ri=27336","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":7470,"name":"Quality of life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":27171,"name":"Patient reported outcome measures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patient_reported_outcome_measures?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=27336"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=27336"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=27336"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=27336"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male?f_ri=27336"},{"id":222261,"name":"Patients","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patients?f_ri=27336"},{"id":232534,"name":"Health Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Status?f_ri=27336"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=27336"},{"id":303598,"name":"Parents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parents?f_ri=27336"},{"id":489727,"name":"Prognosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prognosis?f_ri=27336"},{"id":1318932,"name":"Predictive value of tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predictive_value_of_tests?f_ri=27336"},{"id":1489115,"name":"Age of Onset","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age_of_Onset?f_ri=27336"},{"id":1819399,"name":"Case Control Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Control_Studies?f_ri=27336"},{"id":2474752,"name":"Disability Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disability_Evaluation?f_ri=27336"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=27336"},{"id":2533306,"name":"cultural characteristics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/cultural_characteristics?f_ri=27336"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48522132" data-work_id="48522132" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48522132/Recognition_and_significance_of_pathological_T_wave_inversions_in_athletes">Recognition and significance of pathological T-wave inversions in athletes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Pathological T-wave inversion (PTWI) is rarely observed on the ECG of healthy athletes, whereas it is common in patients with certain cardiac diseases. All ECG interpretation guidelines for use within athletes state that PTWI (except in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48522132" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Pathological T-wave inversion (PTWI) is rarely observed on the ECG of healthy athletes, whereas it is common in patients with certain cardiac diseases. All ECG interpretation guidelines for use within athletes state that PTWI (except in leads aVR, III and V1 and in V1-V4 when preceded by domed ST segment in asymptomatic Afro-Caribbean athletes only) cannot be considered a physiological adaptation. The aims of the present study were to prospectively determine the prevalence of cardiac pathology in athletes presenting with PTWI, and to examine the efficacy of cardiac magnetic resonance in the work-up battery of further examinations. Athletes presenting with PTWI (n=155) were investigated with clinical examination, ECG, echocardiography, exercise testing, 24h Holter ECG, and cardiac magnetic resonance. Cardiac disease was established in 44.5% of athletes, with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (81%) the most common pathology. Echocardiography was abnormal in 53.6% of positive cases, and card...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48522132" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d060dcf8f1184d91d6934960bf30bad9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67130095,"asset_id":48522132,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67130095/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5ODQyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38738186" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SchnellFr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric">Frédéric Schnell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38738186" type="text/json">{"id":38738186,"first_name":"Frédéric","last_name":"Schnell","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SchnellFrédéric","display_name":"Frédéric Schnell","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SchnellFr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric?f_ri=27336","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48522132 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48522132"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48522132, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48522132", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48522132]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48522132").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48522132").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48522132"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27336" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France">France</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27336" type="text/json">{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39000" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrocardiography">Electrocardiography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39000" type="text/json">{"id":39000,"name":"Electrocardiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrocardiography?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62112" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies">Prospective studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="62112" type="text/json">{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48522132]'), work: {"id":48522132,"title":"Recognition and significance of pathological T-wave inversions in athletes","created_at":"2021-05-04T22:09:39.595-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48522132/Recognition_and_significance_of_pathological_T_wave_inversions_in_athletes?f_ri=27336","dom_id":"work_48522132","summary":"Pathological T-wave inversion (PTWI) is rarely observed on the ECG of healthy athletes, whereas it is common in patients with certain cardiac diseases. All ECG interpretation guidelines for use within athletes state that PTWI (except in leads aVR, III and V1 and in V1-V4 when preceded by domed ST segment in asymptomatic Afro-Caribbean athletes only) cannot be considered a physiological adaptation. The aims of the present study were to prospectively determine the prevalence of cardiac pathology in athletes presenting with PTWI, and to examine the efficacy of cardiac magnetic resonance in the work-up battery of further examinations. Athletes presenting with PTWI (n=155) were investigated with clinical examination, ECG, echocardiography, exercise testing, 24h Holter ECG, and cardiac magnetic resonance. Cardiac disease was established in 44.5% of athletes, with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (81%) the most common pathology. Echocardiography was abnormal in 53.6% of positive cases, and card...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67130095,"asset_id":48522132,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38738186,"first_name":"Frédéric","last_name":"Schnell","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SchnellFrédéric","display_name":"Frédéric Schnell","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SchnellFr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric?f_ri=27336","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":39000,"name":"Electrocardiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrocardiography?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=27336"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=27336"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male?f_ri=27336"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=27336"},{"id":219123,"name":"Ethnic Groups","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Groups?f_ri=27336"},{"id":219568,"name":"Athletes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Athletes?f_ri=27336"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=27336"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult?f_ri=27336"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=27336"},{"id":457859,"name":"Cost Benefit Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_Benefit_Analysis?f_ri=27336"},{"id":515070,"name":"Circulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Circulation?f_ri=27336"},{"id":516735,"name":"Physical examination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_examination?f_ri=27336"},{"id":916228,"name":"Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypertrophic_Cardiomyopathy?f_ri=27336"},{"id":1146831,"name":"Exercise Test","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise_Test?f_ri=27336"},{"id":2207328,"name":"Heart Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heart_Diseases?f_ri=27336"},{"id":3789879,"name":"Cardiovascular medicine and haematology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiovascular_medicine_and_haematology?f_ri=27336"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41851548" data-work_id="41851548" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41851548/Que_fait_le_New_Public_Management_aux_politiques_environnementales_">Que fait le New Public Management aux politiques environnementales ?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Quels rapports les politiques environnementales entretiennent-elles avec le New Public Management ? Plus précisément, en quoi ces politiques sont-elles désormais structurées par les réformes et les principes néo-managériaux ? La question... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41851548" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Quels rapports les politiques environnementales entretiennent-elles avec le New Public Management ? Plus précisément, en quoi ces politiques sont-elles désormais structurées par les réformes et les principes néo-managériaux ? La question constitue le fil rouge de ce numéro spécial, qui rassemble quatre contributions originales sur le cas français. Dans cet article introductif, nous dressons un panorama du New Public Management et des politiques environnementales en France, avant de passer en revue la littérature sur les effets du New Public Management sur les politiques environnementales. Nous présentons ensuite les principaux apports des textes qui constituent ce volume. Nous apportons enfin quelques éléments de réflexion sur ce que change le New Public Management aux politiques environnementales.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41851548" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4401e5d61e7a51fdcf068e8678233227" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61986068,"asset_id":41851548,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61986068/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5ODQyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25495737" href="https://cirad.academia.edu/PierreLouisMayaux">Pierre-Louis Mayaux</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25495737" type="text/json">{"id":25495737,"first_name":"Pierre-Louis","last_name":"Mayaux","domain_name":"cirad","page_name":"PierreLouisMayaux","display_name":"Pierre-Louis Mayaux","profile_url":"https://cirad.academia.edu/PierreLouisMayaux?f_ri=27336","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41851548 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41851548"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41851548, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41851548", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_41851548 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41851548; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_41851548"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_41851548 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41851548"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41851548; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); 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Plus précisément, en quoi ces politiques sont-elles désormais structurées par les réformes et les principes néo-managériaux ? La question constitue le fil rouge de ce numéro spécial, qui rassemble quatre contributions originales sur le cas français. Dans cet article introductif, nous dressons un panorama du New Public Management et des politiques environnementales en France, avant de passer en revue la littérature sur les effets du New Public Management sur les politiques environnementales. Nous présentons ensuite les principaux apports des textes qui constituent ce volume. Nous apportons enfin quelques éléments de réflexion sur ce que change le New Public Management aux politiques environnementales. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61986068,"asset_id":41851548,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25495737,"first_name":"Pierre-Louis","last_name":"Mayaux","domain_name":"cirad","page_name":"PierreLouisMayaux","display_name":"Pierre-Louis Mayaux","profile_url":"https://cirad.academia.edu/PierreLouisMayaux?f_ri=27336","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23326,"name":"Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Administration?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":50197,"name":"New Public Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Public_Management?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":997721,"name":"Etat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Etat?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":1260605,"name":"ENVIRONNEMENT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ENVIRONNEMENT?f_ri=27336"},{"id":1593475,"name":"Action Publique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Action_Publique?f_ri=27336"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38842697" data-work_id="38842697" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38842697/_Die_feurige_Tr%C3%A4ne_Marias_Die_Flammen_denen_Notre_Dame_zum_Opfer_fiel_reichen_tief_Versuch_einer_kulturellen_Ursachenforschung_in_Katholische_Tagespost_17_4_2019">"Die feurige Träne Marias". Die Flammen, denen Notre Dame zum Opfer fiel, reichen tief -Versuch einer kulturellen Ursachenforschung, in: Katholische Tagespost, 17.4.2019.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38842697" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a1a06e530780198dc5e22daca45c5115" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58937024,"asset_id":38842697,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937024/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5ODQyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="90030" href="https://poznan-pl.academia.edu/DavidEngels">David Engels</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="90030" type="text/json">{"id":90030,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Engels","domain_name":"poznan-pl","page_name":"DavidEngels","display_name":"David Engels","profile_url":"https://poznan-pl.academia.edu/DavidEngels?f_ri=27336","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/90030/2931140/3645274/s65_david.engels.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38842697 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38842697"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38842697, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38842697", }); 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Die Flammen, denen Notre Dame zum Opfer fiel, reichen tief -Versuch einer kulturellen Ursachenforschung, in: Katholische Tagespost, 17.4.2019.","created_at":"2019-04-17T13:00:43.300-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38842697/_Die_feurige_Tr%C3%A4ne_Marias_Die_Flammen_denen_Notre_Dame_zum_Opfer_fiel_reichen_tief_Versuch_einer_kulturellen_Ursachenforschung_in_Katholische_Tagespost_17_4_2019?f_ri=27336","dom_id":"work_38842697","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58937024,"asset_id":38842697,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":90030,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Engels","domain_name":"poznan-pl","page_name":"DavidEngels","display_name":"David Engels","profile_url":"https://poznan-pl.academia.edu/DavidEngels?f_ri=27336","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/90030/2931140/3645274/s65_david.engels.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":109,"name":"Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":972,"name":"Self and Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_and_Identity?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":2471,"name":"History of Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Christianity?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":3815,"name":"Spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spirituality?f_ri=27336","nofollow":false},{"id":5272,"name":"Identity (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_?f_ri=27336"},{"id":7617,"name":"Medieval Church History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Church_History?f_ri=27336"},{"id":11932,"name":"Secularization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Secularization?f_ri=27336"},{"id":12349,"name":"Spirituality \u0026 Mysticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spirituality_and_Mysticism?f_ri=27336"},{"id":19283,"name":"Secularisms and Secularities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Secularisms_and_Secularities?f_ri=27336"},{"id":21049,"name":"Christian Spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Spirituality?f_ri=27336"},{"id":25885,"name":"Second Vatican Council","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Vatican_Council?f_ri=27336"},{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=27336"},{"id":91839,"name":"Paris","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paris?f_ri=27336"},{"id":152363,"name":"Theology and History of Vatican II","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology_and_History_of_Vatican_II?f_ri=27336"},{"id":158189,"name":"Catholic Church History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catholic_Church_History?f_ri=27336"},{"id":166703,"name":"History of Paris","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Paris?f_ri=27336"},{"id":187367,"name":"Laicismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laicismo?f_ri=27336"},{"id":636737,"name":"The Liturgical Reform of Vatican II","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Liturgical_Reform_of_Vatican_II?f_ri=27336"},{"id":708694,"name":"Vaticano II","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaticano_II?f_ri=27336"},{"id":1138669,"name":"Notre-Dame De Paris","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Notre-Dame_De_Paris?f_ri=27336"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34161804" data-work_id="34161804" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34161804/Understanding_political_discourses_about_Europe_a_multilevel_contextual_approach_to_discourse_Discourse_and_Society_29_2_">Understanding political discourses about Europe: a multilevel contextual approach to discourse. Discourse & Society, 29(2).</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article contributes to the theoretical and methodological discussion on textual-contextual analysis in political communication and media research. It argues that taking into consideration both text and context throughout an analysis... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34161804" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article contributes to the theoretical and methodological discussion on textual-contextual analysis in political communication and media research. It argues that taking into consideration both text and context throughout an analysis of the process of production enables the observation of the relation between the social and the linguistic. It opens up a non-deterministic perspective for the analysis of the above relation. The article rests upon an empirical study on the production of discourses for the campaign of European Parliament elections. The use of such a multilevel approach adds important elements to the research findings, particularly in terms of showing on the one hand how power relations within ‘Europarties’ results in the construction of common European identities in different European Union (EU) states, and on the other hand how professionalization of political communication reinforces discursive dissimilarities between parties of the same ideological family in different EU states.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34161804" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="31620a6b896c5f35cf648dbec3f50447" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58657963,"asset_id":34161804,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58657963/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5ODQyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="464318" href="https://ucy.academia.edu/DimitrisTrimithiotis">Dimitris Trimithiotis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="464318" type="text/json">{"id":464318,"first_name":"Dimitris","last_name":"Trimithiotis","domain_name":"ucy","page_name":"DimitrisTrimithiotis","display_name":"Dimitris Trimithiotis","profile_url":"https://ucy.academia.edu/DimitrisTrimithiotis?f_ri=27336","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/464318/1275488/140520640/s65_dimitris.trimithiotis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34161804 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34161804"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34161804, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34161804", }); 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Discourse \u0026 Society, 29(2).","created_at":"2017-08-07T23:53:25.400-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34161804/Understanding_political_discourses_about_Europe_a_multilevel_contextual_approach_to_discourse_Discourse_and_Society_29_2_?f_ri=27336","dom_id":"work_34161804","summary":"This article contributes to the theoretical and methodological discussion on textual-contextual analysis in political communication and media research. It argues that taking into consideration both text and context throughout an analysis of the process of production enables the observation of the relation between the social and the linguistic. It opens up a non-deterministic perspective for the analysis of the above relation. The article rests upon an empirical study on the production of discourses for the campaign of European Parliament elections. The use of such a multilevel approach adds important elements to the research findings, particularly in terms of showing on the one hand how power relations within ‘Europarties’ results in the construction of common European identities in different European Union (EU) states, and on the other hand how professionalization of political communication reinforces discursive dissimilarities between parties of the same ideological family in different EU states.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58657963,"asset_id":34161804,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":464318,"first_name":"Dimitris","last_name":"Trimithiotis","domain_name":"ucy","page_name":"DimitrisTrimithiotis","display_name":"Dimitris Trimithiotis","profile_url":"https://ucy.academia.edu/DimitrisTrimithiotis?f_ri=27336","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/464318/1275488/140520640/s65_dimitris.trimithiotis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":94,"name":"Discourse 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