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<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="LuIaJMqUQgEm3HMez96Rs1Y4CnWlRYDPaoaoMRrjQzdXCH1OLo82SMZBLhWins+gYEg+J1nefk36nXhSV7qCBQ==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Interconnected porous hydroxyapatite ceramics for bone tissue engineering" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2008/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal of The Royal Society Interface" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Tsuyoshi Murase" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/93281749/Interconnected_porous_hydroxyapatite_ceramics_for_bone_tissue_engineering" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Interconnected porous hydroxyapatite ceramics for bone tissue engineering" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Several porous calcium hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramics have been used clinically as bone substitutes, but most of them possessed few interpore connections, resulting in pathological fracture probably due to poor bone formation within the substitute. We" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/96759932/26684944/25184719/s200_tsuyoshi.murase.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/93281749/Interconnected_porous_hydroxyapatite_ceramics_for_bone_tissue_engineering" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Interconnected porous hydroxyapatite ceramics for bone tissue engineering" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Several porous calcium hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramics have been used clinically as bone substitutes, but most of them possessed few interpore connections, resulting in pathological fracture probably due to poor bone formation within the substitute. We" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://osaka-u.academia.edu/TsuyoshiMurase" /> <meta name="description" content="Several porous calcium hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramics have been used clinically as bone substitutes, but most of them possessed few interpore connections, resulting in pathological fracture probably due to poor bone formation within the substitute. We" /> <title>(PDF) Interconnected porous hydroxyapatite ceramics for bone tissue engineering | Tsuyoshi Murase - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/93281749/Interconnected_porous_hydroxyapatite_ceramics_for_bone_tissue_engineering" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '14c0fcb069cf69ac6cee90ed75bddf2fc1d30817'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1734143398000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1734143398000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Several porous calcium hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramics have been used clinically as bone substitutes, but most of them possessed few interpore connections, resulting in pathological fracture probably due to poor bone formation within the substitute. We recently developed a fully interconnected porous HA ceramic (IP-CHA) by adopting the ‘foam-gel’ technique. The IP-CHA had a three-dimensional structure with spherical pores of uniform size (average 150 μm, porosity 75%), which were interconnected by window-like holes (average diameter 40 μm), and also demonstrated adequate compression strength (10–12 MPa). In animal experiments, the IP-CHA showed superior osteoconduction, with the majority of pores filled with newly formed bone. The interconnected porous structure facilitates bone tissue engineering by allowing the introduction of mesenchymal cells, osteotropic agents such as bone morphogenetic protein or vasculature into the pores. Clinically, we have applied the IP-CHA to treat various...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Tsuyoshi Murase"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2022-12-19","datePublished":"2008-01-01","headline":"Interconnected porous hydroxyapatite ceramics for bone tissue engineering","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/96061657/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Materials Science","Biomedical Engineering","Hydroxyapatite","Japan","Medicine","Bone Morphogenetic Proteins","Ceramics","Humans","Cartilage","Female","Animals","Male","Bone Tissue Engineering","Adult","Bone Substitutes","Durapatite","Mesenchymal Stromal Cells","Clinical Trials as Topic","Bone Transplantation","Child preschool"],"publication":"Journal of The Royal Society Interface","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"The Royal Society"},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"osaka-u"}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/96061657/thumbnails/1.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/93281749/Interconnected_porous_hydroxyapatite_ceramics_for_bone_tissue_engineering"}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-102fa537001ba4d8dcd921ad9bd56c474abc201906ea4843e7e7efe9dfbf561d.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/text_button-73590134e40cdb49f9abdc8e796cc00dc362693f3f0f6137d6cf9bb78c318ce7.css" /><link 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We recently developed a fully interconnected porous HA ceramic (IP-CHA) by adopting the ‘foam-gel’ technique. The IP-CHA had a three-dimensional structure with spherical pores of uniform size (average 150 μm, porosity 75%), which were interconnected by window-like holes (average diameter 40 μm), and also demonstrated adequate compression strength (10–12 MPa). In animal experiments, the IP-CHA showed superior osteoconduction, with the majority of pores filled with newly formed bone. The interconnected porous structure facilitates bone tissue engineering by allowing the introduction of mesenchymal cells, osteotropic agents such as bone morphogenetic protein or vasculature into the pores. Clinically, we have applied the IP-CHA to treat various...","publisher":"The Royal Society","publication_date":"2008,,","publication_name":"Journal of The Royal Society Interface"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Interconnected porous hydroxyapatite ceramics for bone tissue engineering","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [96759932]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":96061657,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Interconnected porous hydroxyapatite ceramics for bone tissue engineering”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/96061657/mini_magick20221219-1-1g49q8m.png?1671489957" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Interconnected porous hydroxyapatite ceramics for bone tissue engineering</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="96759932" href="https://osaka-u.academia.edu/TsuyoshiMurase"><img alt="Profile image of Tsuyoshi Murase" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/96759932/26684944/25184719/s65_tsuyoshi.murase.jpg" />Tsuyoshi Murase</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2008, Journal of The Royal Society Interface</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">8 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 93281749; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=93281749"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Several porous calcium hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramics have been used clinically as bone substitutes, but most of them possessed few interpore connections, resulting in pathological fracture probably due to poor bone formation within the substitute. We recently developed a fully interconnected porous HA ceramic (IP-CHA) by adopting the ‘foam-gel’ technique. The IP-CHA had a three-dimensional structure with spherical pores of uniform size (average 150 μm, porosity 75%), which were interconnected by window-like holes (average diameter 40 μm), and also demonstrated adequate compression strength (10–12 MPa). In animal experiments, the IP-CHA showed superior osteoconduction, with the majority of pores filled with newly formed bone. The interconnected porous structure facilitates bone tissue engineering by allowing the introduction of mesenchymal cells, osteotropic agents such as bone morphogenetic protein or vasculature into the pores. Clinically, we have applied the IP-CHA to treat various...</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":96061657,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/93281749/Interconnected_porous_hydroxyapatite_ceramics_for_bone_tissue_engineering"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":96061657,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/93281749/Interconnected_porous_hydroxyapatite_ceramics_for_bone_tissue_engineering"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="96061657" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/93281749/Interconnected_porous_hydroxyapatite_ceramics_for_bone_tissue_engineering" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="3988364" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3988364/Porous_hydroxyapatite_for_artificial_bone_applications">Porous hydroxyapatite for artificial bone applications</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3364553" href="https://malaya.academia.edu/SRamesh">S. Ramesh</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2007</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been used clinically for many years. It has good biocompatibility in bone contact as its chemical composition is similar to that of bone material. Porous HA ceramics have found enormous use in biomedical applications including bone tissue regeneration, cell proliferation, and drug delivery. In bone tissue engineering it has been applied as filling material for bone defects and augmentation, artificial bone graft material, and prosthesis revision surgery. Its high surface area leads to excellent osteoconductivity and resorbability providing fast bone ingrowth. Porous HA can be produced by a number of methods including conversion of natural bones, ceramic foaming technique, polymeric sponge method, gel casting of foams, starch consolidation, microwave processing, slip casting, and electrophoretic deposition technique. Some of these methods have been combined to fabricate porous HA with improved properties. These combination methods have yielded some promising results. This paper discusses briefly fundamental aspects of porous HA for artificial bone applications as well as various techniques used to prepare porous HA. Some of our recent results on development of porous HA will be presented as well. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1468699606002348</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Porous hydroxyapatite for artificial bone applications","attachmentId":31542499,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3988364/Porous_hydroxyapatite_for_artificial_bone_applications","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3988364/Porous_hydroxyapatite_for_artificial_bone_applications"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="124429447" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/124429447/A_method_of_fabrication_of_porous_carbonated_hydroxyapatite_scaffolds_for_bone_tissue_engineering">A method of fabrication of porous carbonated hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="110264322" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GurinAlex">Alex Gurin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A method to produce porous carbonated hydroxyapatite ceramics was developed which is based on vacuum impregnation of cellular polyurethane (PU) matrixes with a ceramic slip. The polyurethane foams were burnt off and the samples were converted into porous carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) ceramics by sintering in a furnace at 600 to 650°C using a sintering additive. The ceramics had 60-90% interconnected porosity, necessary to facilitate cell seeding and fixation which is an important requirement for use in bone tissue engineering. The optimal composition of ceramic slip and the sintering conditions were found. PU foams with a different number of pores per inch (ppi) were used and the strength testing of ceramics was carried out. It is suggested that the experimental ceramics would be useful in bone replacement and reconstruction.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A method of fabrication of porous carbonated hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering","attachmentId":118656353,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/124429447/A_method_of_fabrication_of_porous_carbonated_hydroxyapatite_scaffolds_for_bone_tissue_engineering","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/124429447/A_method_of_fabrication_of_porous_carbonated_hydroxyapatite_scaffolds_for_bone_tissue_engineering"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="24343057" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24343057/Microstructure_and_Biocompatibility_of_Hydroxyapatite_Porous_Ceramics_Designed_by_a_Partial_Dissolution_Precipitation_Technique_with_Supersonic_Treatment_for_Bone_Regeneration">Microstructure and Biocompatibility of Hydroxyapatite Porous Ceramics Designed by a Partial Dissolution-Precipitation Technique with Supersonic Treatment for Bone Regeneration</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="46935597" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ManabuIto">Manabu Ito</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Bone Regeneration, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Microstructure and Biocompatibility of Hydroxyapatite Porous Ceramics Designed by a Partial Dissolution-Precipitation Technique with Supersonic Treatment for Bone Regeneration","attachmentId":44677510,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24343057/Microstructure_and_Biocompatibility_of_Hydroxyapatite_Porous_Ceramics_Designed_by_a_Partial_Dissolution_Precipitation_Technique_with_Supersonic_Treatment_for_Bone_Regeneration","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24343057/Microstructure_and_Biocompatibility_of_Hydroxyapatite_Porous_Ceramics_Designed_by_a_Partial_Dissolution_Precipitation_Technique_with_Supersonic_Treatment_for_Bone_Regeneration"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="3148206" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3148206/Fabrication_of_Porous_Hydroxyapatite_for_Bone_Graft_Substitutes_via_Gas_Technique">Fabrication of Porous Hydroxyapatite for Bone Graft Substitutes via Gas Technique</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3601598" href="https://ukm.academia.edu/RoslindaShamsudin">Roslinda Shamsudin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Sains …, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Porous hydroxyapatite (HAp) as a bone graft substitute was produced via gas technique with three different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) namely 20, 30 and 50%. Hydroxyapatite (HA) slurries with different concentration were produced by mixing H 2 O 2 solutions and HA powder (L/P) with different ratio i.e. 0.9 to 2.20 mlg -1 . Different L/P ratio and H 2 O 2 concentration affected the porosity, interconnectivity and compressive strength of HAp sample. Changes in L/P ratio between 0.9 to 2.20 mlg -1 , increases the porosity around 50 -65% at 20% H 2 O 2 concentration. Porosity increases with the L/P values and H 2 O 2 concentration which 76% of porosity was obtained at 50% H 2 O 2 and 2.20 mlg -1 of L/P. The compressive strength of HAp is in the range of 0.5 to 2.15 MPa and is found decreasing with the increasing of L/P values. ABSTRAK Hidroksiapatit poros (HAp) sebagai tulang geraf gantian sintetik dihasilkan melalui teknik gas dengan menggunakan gas hidrogen peroksida (H 2 O 2 ) pada kepekatan 20, 30 dan 50%. Buburan hidroksiapatit (HA) dihasilkan daripada nisbah larutan H 2 O 2 terhadap serbuk HA (L/P) antara 0.9 hingga 2.20 mlg -1 bagi memperolehi kelikatan buburan yang berlainan. Kepekatan larutan H 2 O 2 dan nisbah L/P yang berbeza mempengaruhi keporosan, keterjalinan hubung antara liang dan kekuatan mampatan sampel HAp. Perubahan L/P antara 0.9 hingga 2.20 mlg -1 telah meningkatkan keporosan sebanyak 50 -65% pada 20% kepekatan larutan H 2 O 2 . Keporosan meningkat dengan nilai L/P dan kepekatan larutan H 2 O 2 dimana 76% keporosan dicapai pada kepekatan 50% larutan H 2 O 2 dan L/P sekitar 2.20 mlg -1 . Kekuatan mampatan HAp adalah antara 0.5 hingga 2.15 MPa dan didapati menurun dengan peningkatan nisbah L/P. Kata kunci: Hidroksiapatit poros; kekuatan mampatan; keporosan; kerterjalinan hubung</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Fabrication of Porous Hydroxyapatite for Bone Graft Substitutes via Gas Technique","attachmentId":50438858,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3148206/Fabrication_of_Porous_Hydroxyapatite_for_Bone_Graft_Substitutes_via_Gas_Technique","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3148206/Fabrication_of_Porous_Hydroxyapatite_for_Bone_Graft_Substitutes_via_Gas_Technique"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="98747146" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/98747146/One_pot_method_to_synthesize_three_dimensional_porous_hydroxyapatite_nanocomposite_for_bone_tissue_engineering">One pot method to synthesize three-dimensional porous hydroxyapatite nanocomposite for bone tissue engineering</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="48659175" href="https://independent.academia.edu/sarkarchandrani">chandrani sarkar</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Porous Materials, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A three-dimensional porous hydroxyapatite nanocomposite has been synthesized by a simple, less energy consuming and cost effective one-pot method. In this study, gelatin foam has been used as pore forming agent and incorporated in carboxymethyl cellulose-hydroxyapatite system in composite formation stage. A three-dimensional porous polymers-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite has been formed as a final product. The synthesized porous nanocomposite has been thoroughly characterized by different techniques. It was found that the nanocomposite is highly porous with almost 80% porosity, and has multi-scale pores from 2.5 to 900 μm in size. Furthermore, the synthesized porous composite has compressive strength ~ 11.8 ± 1.5 MPa and modulus ~ 0.243 ± 0.031 GPa, in the range of cancellous bone. Moreover, the nanocomposite provides favorable environment to cells for proliferation, high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and extracellular mineralization. In vitro degradation of synthesized nanocomposites was tested in simulated body fluid. Results ascertained that the synthesized porous hydroxyapatite nanocomposite would be a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"One pot method to synthesize three-dimensional porous hydroxyapatite nanocomposite for bone tissue engineering","attachmentId":100014858,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98747146/One_pot_method_to_synthesize_three_dimensional_porous_hydroxyapatite_nanocomposite_for_bone_tissue_engineering","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/98747146/One_pot_method_to_synthesize_three_dimensional_porous_hydroxyapatite_nanocomposite_for_bone_tissue_engineering"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="54611190" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/54611190/Poly_hydroxyl_acids_hydroxyapatite_porous_composites_for_bone_tissue_engineering_I_Preparation_and_morphology">Poly(?-hydroxyl acids)/hydroxyapatite porous composites for bone-tissue engineering. I. Preparation and morphology</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33046521" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PeterMa1">Peter Ma</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">J Biomed Mater Res, 1999</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Tissue engineering has shown great promise for creating biological alternatives for implants. In this approach, scaffolding plays a pivotal role. Hydroxyapatite mimics the natural bone mineral and has shown good bonebonding properties. This paper describes the preparation and morphologies of three-dimensional porous composites from poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactic acid-coglycolic acid) (PLGA) solution and hydroxyapatite (HAP). A thermally induced phase separation technique was used to create the highly porous composite scaffolds for bone-tissue engineering. Freeze drying of the phase-separated polymer/ HAP/solvent mixtures produced hard and tough foams with a co-continuous structure of interconnected pores and a polymer/HAP composite skeleton. The microstructure of the pores and the walls was controlled by varying the polymer concentration, HAP content, quenching temperature, polymer, and solvent utilized. The porosity increased with decreasing polymer concentration and HAP content. Foams with porosity as high as 95% were achieved. Pore sizes ranging from several microns to a few hundred microns were obtained. The composite foams showed a significant improvement in mechanical properties over pure polymer foams. They are promising scaffolds for bone-tissue engineering.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Poly(?-hydroxyl acids)/hydroxyapatite porous composites for bone-tissue engineering. I. Preparation and morphology","attachmentId":70893473,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/54611190/Poly_hydroxyl_acids_hydroxyapatite_porous_composites_for_bone_tissue_engineering_I_Preparation_and_morphology","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/54611190/Poly_hydroxyl_acids_hydroxyapatite_porous_composites_for_bone_tissue_engineering_I_Preparation_and_morphology"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="20498269" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20498269/Growth_of_osteoblast_like_cells_on_porous_hydroxyapatite_ceramics_an_in_vitro_study">Growth of osteoblast-like cells on porous hydroxyapatite ceramics: an in vitro study</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42474837" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LCerroni">L. Cerroni</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="27140242" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CorradoPiconi">Corrado Piconi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Biomolecular Engineering, 2002</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Blocks of two porous synthetic hydroxyapatites (HA) with porosity fraction of 30 Á/40 and 50 Á/60 vol%, respectively and a coralline derived porous HA were evaluated in vitro in presence of the osteogenic line MC3T3-E1 and of L929 fibroblasts. The two tested biomaterials did not affect cellular proliferation (MTT test), but the contact inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity. Porous aggregates resulted perfectly biocompatible in the tests performed, since observations performed by light microscopy did not show any cell morphological change, osteoblast presented a stellar shape and typical pseudopodes. SEM observations showed intercellular matrix containing fibers on HA-based porous aggregates. #</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Growth of osteoblast-like cells on porous hydroxyapatite ceramics: an in vitro study","attachmentId":41404861,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20498269/Growth_of_osteoblast_like_cells_on_porous_hydroxyapatite_ceramics_an_in_vitro_study","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20498269/Growth_of_osteoblast_like_cells_on_porous_hydroxyapatite_ceramics_an_in_vitro_study"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="115476126" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/115476126/Bioceramic_hydroxyapatite_based_scaffold_with_a_porous_structure_using_honeycomb_as_a_natural_polymeric_Porogen_for_bone_tissue_engineering">Bioceramic hydroxyapatite-based scaffold with a porous structure using honeycomb as a natural polymeric Porogen for bone tissue engineering</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="173042090" href="https://undip.academia.edu/PuspaHening">Puspa Hening</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Biomaterials Research, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Background The application of bioceramic hydroxyapatite (HA) derived from materials high in calcium to tissue engineering has been of concern, namely scaffold. Scaffold pores allow for cell mobility metabolic processes, and delivery of oxygen and nutrients by blood vessel. Thus, pore architecture affects cell seeding efficiency, cell viability, migration, morphology, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, angiogenesis, mechanical strength of scaffolds, and, eventually, bone formation. Therefore, to improve the efficacy of bone regeneration, several important parameters of the pore architecture of scaffolds must be carefully controlled, including pore size, geometry, orientation, uniformity, interconnectivity, and porosity, which are interrelated and whose coordination affects the effectiveness of bone tissue engineering. The honeycomb (HCB) as natural polymeric porogen is used to pore forming agent of scaffolds. It is unique for fully interconnected and oriented pores of uniform ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Bioceramic hydroxyapatite-based scaffold with a porous structure using honeycomb as a natural polymeric Porogen for bone tissue engineering","attachmentId":111872600,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115476126/Bioceramic_hydroxyapatite_based_scaffold_with_a_porous_structure_using_honeycomb_as_a_natural_polymeric_Porogen_for_bone_tissue_engineering","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/115476126/Bioceramic_hydroxyapatite_based_scaffold_with_a_porous_structure_using_honeycomb_as_a_natural_polymeric_Porogen_for_bone_tissue_engineering"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="72976771" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72976771/Poly_a_hydroxyl_acids_hydroxyapatite_porous_composites_for_bone_tissue_engineering">Poly(a-hydroxyl acids)/hydroxyapatite porous composites for bone-tissue engineering</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33046521" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PeterMa1">Peter Ma</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1999</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">creating biological alternatives for implants. In this ap-proach, scaffolding plays a pivotal role. Hydroxyapatite mimics the natural bone mineral and has shown good bone-bonding properties. This paper describes the preparation and morphologies of three-dimensional porous composites from poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) solution and hydroxyapatite (HAP). A thermally induced phase separation technique was used to create the highly porous composite scaffolds for bone-tissue engineering. Freeze drying of the phase-separated polymer/ HAP/solvent mixtures produced hard and tough foams with a co-continuous structure of interconnected pores and a polymer/HAP composite skeleton. The microstructure of the pores and the walls was controlled by varying the poly-mer concentration, HAP content, quenching temperature, polymer, and solvent utilized. The porosity increased with decreasing polymer concentration and HAP content. Foams with porosity as high a...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Poly(a-hydroxyl acids)/hydroxyapatite porous composites for bone-tissue engineering","attachmentId":81683326,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/72976771/Poly_a_hydroxyl_acids_hydroxyapatite_porous_composites_for_bone_tissue_engineering","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/72976771/Poly_a_hydroxyl_acids_hydroxyapatite_porous_composites_for_bone_tissue_engineering"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="66940070" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66940070/A_triphasic_ceramic_coated_porous_hydroxyapatite_for_tissue_engineering_application">A triphasic ceramic-coated porous hydroxyapatite for tissue engineering application</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="190451528" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JohnAsabre">Asabre John</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Acta Biomaterialia, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Scaffolds which encourage the incorporation of a cell source for tissue engineering applications are critical determinants for clinical defects. Over the years, a number of biomaterials have emerged for cell support and growth, but only a few have demonstrated clinical efficacy. We therefore investigated an in-house-developed silica-based bioactive ceramic for its ability to support and sustain the growth of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro. For this, MSCs aspirated from goat bone marrow were isolated and culture expanded on a novel triphasic ceramic composite coated hydroxyapatite (HASi) scaffold comprising hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate and calcium silicate. The viability of cells that harbored on and within the material was ensured through fluorescence-activated cell sorting and confocal laser scanning microscope and for their anchorage sites by scanning electron microscopy. Interestingly, over the days in culture, cell-cell interactions gradually morphed into woven cell-sheets that spanned across the surface of the HASi, forming a canopy. To conclude, we have attempted to carry out the preliminary cytocompatibility studies of this novel ceramic to establish its appropriateness for bone tissue engineering application which is an important criterion in orthopaedic transplantation and regenerative surgery.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A triphasic ceramic-coated porous hydroxyapatite for tissue engineering application","attachmentId":77945866,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/66940070/A_triphasic_ceramic_coated_porous_hydroxyapatite_for_tissue_engineering_application","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/66940070/A_triphasic_ceramic_coated_porous_hydroxyapatite_for_tissue_engineering_application"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":96061657,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":96061657,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_96061657" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="10495338" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10495338/Fabrication_of_Porous_Hydroxyapatite_for_Bone_Graft_Substitutes_via_Gas_Technique_Fabrikasi_Hidroksiapatit_Poros_Melalui_Teknik_Gas_sebagai_Tulang_Geraf_Gantian_">Fabrication of Porous Hydroxyapatite for Bone Graft Substitutes via Gas Technique (Fabrikasi Hidroksiapatit Poros Melalui Teknik Gas sebagai Tulang Geraf Gantian)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25737463" href="https://ukm-my.academia.edu/Roslindashamsudin">Roslinda shamsudin</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Fabrication of Porous Hydroxyapatite for Bone Graft Substitutes via Gas Technique (Fabrikasi Hidroksiapatit Poros Melalui Teknik Gas sebagai Tulang Geraf Gantian)","attachmentId":47347122,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10495338/Fabrication_of_Porous_Hydroxyapatite_for_Bone_Graft_Substitutes_via_Gas_Technique_Fabrikasi_Hidroksiapatit_Poros_Melalui_Teknik_Gas_sebagai_Tulang_Geraf_Gantian_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10495338/Fabrication_of_Porous_Hydroxyapatite_for_Bone_Graft_Substitutes_via_Gas_Technique_Fabrikasi_Hidroksiapatit_Poros_Melalui_Teknik_Gas_sebagai_Tulang_Geraf_Gantian_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="69291186" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69291186/Porous_Body_Preparation_of_Hydroxyapatite_Collagen_Nanocomposites_for_Bone_Tissue_Regeneration">Porous Body Preparation of Hydroxyapatite / Collagen Nanocomposites for Bone Tissue Regeneration</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="107859770" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MASANORIKIKUCHI">MASANORI KIKUCHI</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Key Engineering Materials, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Porous Body Preparation of Hydroxyapatite / Collagen Nanocomposites for Bone Tissue Regeneration","attachmentId":79443113,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/69291186/Porous_Body_Preparation_of_Hydroxyapatite_Collagen_Nanocomposites_for_Bone_Tissue_Regeneration","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/69291186/Porous_Body_Preparation_of_Hydroxyapatite_Collagen_Nanocomposites_for_Bone_Tissue_Regeneration"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="20869636" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20869636/Osteoconduction_at_porous_hydroxyapatite_with_various_pore_configurations">Osteoconduction at porous hydroxyapatite with various pore configurations</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="158620001" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ParkKunwoo">Kunwoo Park</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42178547" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BongSoonChang">Bong-Soon Chang</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Biomaterials, 2000</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Osteoconduction at porous hydroxyapatite with various pore configurations","attachmentId":41606398,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20869636/Osteoconduction_at_porous_hydroxyapatite_with_various_pore_configurations","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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Ma</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 2001</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Engineering new bone tissuein vitro on highly porous poly(?-hydroxyl acids)/hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds","attachmentId":70893429,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/54611061/Engineering_new_bone_tissuein_vitro_on_highly_porous_poly_hydroxyl_acids_hydroxyapatite_composite_scaffolds","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChanhoPark6">Chan ho Park</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Biomaterials, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The mechanical properties and osteoconductivity of hydroxyapatite bone scaffolds with multi-scale porosity","attachmentId":96535990,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/93936890/The_mechanical_properties_and_osteoconductivity_of_hydroxyapatite_bone_scaffolds_with_multi_scale_porosity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="23313594" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AmerMahmood">Amer Mahmood</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Porous Polyethylene Coated with Functionalized Hydroxyapatite Particles as a Bone Reconstruction Material","attachmentId":94204393,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/90719166/Porous_Polyethylene_Coated_with_Functionalized_Hydroxyapatite_Particles_as_a_Bone_Reconstruction_Material","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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Kurita</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Oral Science International, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Osteoinduction with HA/TCP Ceramics of Different Composition and Porous Structure in Rabbits","attachmentId":104772986,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/105273710/Osteoinduction_with_HA_TCP_Ceramics_of_Different_Composition_and_Porous_Structure_in_Rabbits","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/105273710/Osteoinduction_with_HA_TCP_Ceramics_of_Different_Composition_and_Porous_Structure_in_Rabbits"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="49219656" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49219656/In_vivo_osteointegration_of_three_dimensional_crosslinked_gelatin_coated_hydroxyapatite_foams">In vivo osteointegration of three-dimensional crosslinked gelatin-coated hydroxyapatite foams</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="57663478" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JorgeGilAlbarova">Jorge Gil Albarova</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Acta Biomaterialia, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"In vivo osteointegration of three-dimensional crosslinked gelatin-coated hydroxyapatite foams","attachmentId":67604969,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49219656/In_vivo_osteointegration_of_three_dimensional_crosslinked_gelatin_coated_hydroxyapatite_foams","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/49219656/In_vivo_osteointegration_of_three_dimensional_crosslinked_gelatin_coated_hydroxyapatite_foams"><span 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class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Effect of Process Parameters on the Characteristics of Porous Calcium Phosphate Ceramics for Bone Tissue Scaffolds","attachmentId":46278917,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12249899/Effect_of_Process_Parameters_on_the_Characteristics_of_Porous_Calcium_Phosphate_Ceramics_for_Bone_Tissue_Scaffolds","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12249899/Effect_of_Process_Parameters_on_the_Characteristics_of_Porous_Calcium_Phosphate_Ceramics_for_Bone_Tissue_Scaffolds"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View 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PhD.</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Morphological and Structural Study of a Novel Porous Nurse’s A Ceramic with Osteoconductive Properties for Tissue Engineering","attachmentId":48850099,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27884407/Morphological_and_Structural_Study_of_a_Novel_Porous_Nurse_s_A_Ceramic_with_Osteoconductive_Properties_for_Tissue_Engineering","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Porous ceramic bone scaffolds for vascularized bone tissue regeneration","attachmentId":39287337,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/16975130/Porous_ceramic_bone_scaffolds_for_vascularized_bone_tissue_regeneration","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/16975130/Porous_ceramic_bone_scaffolds_for_vascularized_bone_tissue_regeneration"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span 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