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Porous HA ceramics have found enormous use in biomedical applications including" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/3364553/1130534/2406579/s200_ramesh_singh.kuldip_singh.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/3988364/Porous_hydroxyapatite_for_artificial_bone_applications" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Porous hydroxyapatite for artificial bone applications" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been used clinically for many years. It has good biocompatibility in bone contact as its chemical composition is similar to that of bone material. Porous HA ceramics have found enormous use in biomedical applications including" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://malaya.academia.edu/SRamesh" /> <meta name="description" content="Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been used clinically for many years. It has good biocompatibility in bone contact as its chemical composition is similar to that of bone material. Porous HA ceramics have found enormous use in biomedical applications including" /> <title>(PDF) Porous hydroxyapatite for artificial bone applications | S. Ramesh - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/3988364/Porous_hydroxyapatite_for_artificial_bone_applications" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '3fc4601e7ca7f3c56efd437e416c7062ddea86d9'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1734151248000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1734151248000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"\u0026amp;amp;amp;quot;Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been used clinically for many years. It has good biocompatibility in bone contact as its chemical composition is similar to that of bone material. Porous HA ceramics have found enormous use in biomedical applications including bone tissue regeneration, cell proliferation, and drug delivery. In bone tissue engineering it has been applied as filling material for bone defects and augmentation, artificial bone graft material, and prosthesis revision surgery. Its high surface area leads to excellent osteoconductivity and resorbability providing fast bone ingrowth. Porous HA can be produced by a number of methods including conversion of natural bones, ceramic foaming technique, polymeric sponge method, gel casting of foams, starch consolidation, microwave processing, slip casting, and electrophoretic deposition technique. Some of these methods have been combined to fabricate porous HA with improved properties. These combination methods have yielded some promising results. This paper discusses briefly fundamental aspects of porous HA for artificial bone applications as well as various techniques used to prepare porous HA. Some of our recent results on development of porous HA will be presented as well. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1468699606002348 \u0026amp;amp;amp;quot;","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"S. Ramesh"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2013-07-09","dateModified":"2014-05-24","datePublished":"2007-01-01","headline":"Porous hydroxyapatite for artificial bone applications","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/31542499/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Bioarchaeology","Paleopathology","Tissue Engineering","Hydroxyapatite","Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review","Capillary electrophoresis","Cell Proliferation and Neurogenesis","Porous Materials","Tissue Engineering: Hard Tissue Engineering (Bone Substitutes and Implants),Bioceramics such as Calcium Phosphate Especially Hydroxyapatite and Beta Tricalcium Phosphate, Porous Bioceramics for Bone Implants","Biocompatibility","Musculoskeletal Stress Markers (MSM)","Drug Stability, Controlled Release Drug Delivery, Prodrugs","Preparation","GNSS Augmentation, Precise Positioning","Activity patterns","Cells","Long Bone Biomechanics","Artificial Bone Applications","Bone Tissue Regeneration","Human Rehabilitation 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It has good biocompatibility in bone contact as its chemical composition is similar to that of bone material. Porous HA ceramics have found enormous use in biomedical applications including bone tissue regeneration, cell proliferation, and drug delivery. In bone tissue engineering it has been applied as filling material for bone defects and augmentation, artificial bone graft material, and prosthesis revision surgery. Its high surface area leads to excellent osteoconductivity and resorbability providing fast bone ingrowth. Porous HA can be produced by a number of methods including conversion of natural bones, ceramic foaming technique, polymeric sponge method, gel casting of foams, starch consolidation, microwave processing, slip casting, and electrophoretic deposition technique. Some of these methods have been combined to fabricate porous HA with improved properties. These combination methods have yielded some promising results. This paper discusses briefly fundamental aspects of porous HA for artificial bone applications as well as various techniques used to prepare porous HA. Some of our recent results on development of porous HA will be presented as well.\r\n\r\nhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1468699606002348 ","publication_date":"2007,,","publication_name":"Science and Technology of Advanced Materials"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":1,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Porous hydroxyapatite for artificial bone applications","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [3364553]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":31542499,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Porous hydroxyapatite for artificial bone applications”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/31542499/mini_magick20190426-11544-18tiyvz.png?1556271364" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Porous hydroxyapatite for artificial bone applications</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3364553" href="https://malaya.academia.edu/SRamesh"><img alt="Profile image of S. Ramesh" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/3364553/1130534/2406579/s65_ramesh_singh.kuldip_singh.jpg" />S. Ramesh</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2007, Science and Technology of Advanced Materials</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">8 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 3988364; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=3988364"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been used clinically for many years. It has good biocompatibility in bone contact as its chemical composition is similar to that of bone material. Porous HA ceramics have found enormous use in biomedical applications including bone tissue regeneration, cell proliferation, and drug delivery. In bone tissue engineering it has been applied as filling material for bone defects and augmentation, artificial bone graft material, and prosthesis revision surgery. Its high surface area leads to excellent osteoconductivity and resorbability providing fast bone ingrowth. Porous HA can be produced by a number of methods including conversion of natural bones, ceramic foaming technique, polymeric sponge method, gel casting of foams, starch consolidation, microwave processing, slip casting, and electrophoretic deposition technique. Some of these methods have been combined to fabricate porous HA with improved properties. These combination methods have yielded some promising results. This paper discusses briefly fundamental aspects of porous HA for artificial bone applications as well as various techniques used to prepare porous HA. Some of our recent results on development of porous HA will be presented as well. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1468699606002348 </p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":31542499,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/3988364/Porous_hydroxyapatite_for_artificial_bone_applications"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":31542499,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/3988364/Porous_hydroxyapatite_for_artificial_bone_applications"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="31542499" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/3988364/Porous_hydroxyapatite_for_artificial_bone_applications" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="3148206" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3148206/Fabrication_of_Porous_Hydroxyapatite_for_Bone_Graft_Substitutes_via_Gas_Technique">Fabrication of Porous Hydroxyapatite for Bone Graft Substitutes via Gas Technique</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3601598" href="https://ukm.academia.edu/RoslindaShamsudin">Roslinda Shamsudin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Sains …, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Porous hydroxyapatite (HAp) as a bone graft substitute was produced via gas technique with three different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) namely 20, 30 and 50%. Hydroxyapatite (HA) slurries with different concentration were produced by mixing H 2 O 2 solutions and HA powder (L/P) with different ratio i.e. 0.9 to 2.20 mlg -1 . Different L/P ratio and H 2 O 2 concentration affected the porosity, interconnectivity and compressive strength of HAp sample. Changes in L/P ratio between 0.9 to 2.20 mlg -1 , increases the porosity around 50 -65% at 20% H 2 O 2 concentration. Porosity increases with the L/P values and H 2 O 2 concentration which 76% of porosity was obtained at 50% H 2 O 2 and 2.20 mlg -1 of L/P. The compressive strength of HAp is in the range of 0.5 to 2.15 MPa and is found decreasing with the increasing of L/P values. ABSTRAK Hidroksiapatit poros (HAp) sebagai tulang geraf gantian sintetik dihasilkan melalui teknik gas dengan menggunakan gas hidrogen peroksida (H 2 O 2 ) pada kepekatan 20, 30 dan 50%. Buburan hidroksiapatit (HA) dihasilkan daripada nisbah larutan H 2 O 2 terhadap serbuk HA (L/P) antara 0.9 hingga 2.20 mlg -1 bagi memperolehi kelikatan buburan yang berlainan. Kepekatan larutan H 2 O 2 dan nisbah L/P yang berbeza mempengaruhi keporosan, keterjalinan hubung antara liang dan kekuatan mampatan sampel HAp. Perubahan L/P antara 0.9 hingga 2.20 mlg -1 telah meningkatkan keporosan sebanyak 50 -65% pada 20% kepekatan larutan H 2 O 2 . Keporosan meningkat dengan nilai L/P dan kepekatan larutan H 2 O 2 dimana 76% keporosan dicapai pada kepekatan 50% larutan H 2 O 2 dan L/P sekitar 2.20 mlg -1 . Kekuatan mampatan HAp adalah antara 0.5 hingga 2.15 MPa dan didapati menurun dengan peningkatan nisbah L/P. Kata kunci: Hidroksiapatit poros; kekuatan mampatan; keporosan; kerterjalinan hubung</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Fabrication of Porous Hydroxyapatite for Bone Graft Substitutes via Gas Technique","attachmentId":50438858,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3148206/Fabrication_of_Porous_Hydroxyapatite_for_Bone_Graft_Substitutes_via_Gas_Technique","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3148206/Fabrication_of_Porous_Hydroxyapatite_for_Bone_Graft_Substitutes_via_Gas_Technique"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="93281749" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/93281749/Interconnected_porous_hydroxyapatite_ceramics_for_bone_tissue_engineering">Interconnected porous hydroxyapatite ceramics for bone tissue engineering</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="96759932" href="https://osaka-u.academia.edu/TsuyoshiMurase">Tsuyoshi Murase</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Several porous calcium hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramics have been used clinically as bone substitutes, but most of them possessed few interpore connections, resulting in pathological fracture probably due to poor bone formation within the substitute. We recently developed a fully interconnected porous HA ceramic (IP-CHA) by adopting the ‘foam-gel’ technique. The IP-CHA had a three-dimensional structure with spherical pores of uniform size (average 150 μm, porosity 75%), which were interconnected by window-like holes (average diameter 40 μm), and also demonstrated adequate compression strength (10–12 MPa). In animal experiments, the IP-CHA showed superior osteoconduction, with the majority of pores filled with newly formed bone. The interconnected porous structure facilitates bone tissue engineering by allowing the introduction of mesenchymal cells, osteotropic agents such as bone morphogenetic protein or vasculature into the pores. Clinically, we have applied the IP-CHA to treat various...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Interconnected porous hydroxyapatite ceramics for bone tissue engineering","attachmentId":96061657,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/93281749/Interconnected_porous_hydroxyapatite_ceramics_for_bone_tissue_engineering","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/93281749/Interconnected_porous_hydroxyapatite_ceramics_for_bone_tissue_engineering"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="10495338" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10495338/Fabrication_of_Porous_Hydroxyapatite_for_Bone_Graft_Substitutes_via_Gas_Technique_Fabrikasi_Hidroksiapatit_Poros_Melalui_Teknik_Gas_sebagai_Tulang_Geraf_Gantian_">Fabrication of Porous Hydroxyapatite for Bone Graft Substitutes via Gas Technique (Fabrikasi Hidroksiapatit Poros Melalui Teknik Gas sebagai Tulang Geraf Gantian)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25737463" href="https://ukm-my.academia.edu/Roslindashamsudin">Roslinda shamsudin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Porous hydroxyapatite (HAp) as a bone graft substitute was produced via gas technique with three different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) namely 20, 30 and 50%. Hydroxyapatite (HA) slurries with different concentration were produced by mixing H 2 O 2 solutions and HA powder (L/P) with different ratio i.e. 0.9 to 2.20 mlg -1 . Different L/P ratio and H 2 O 2 concentration affected the porosity, interconnectivity and compressive strength of HAp sample. Changes in L/P ratio between 0.9 to 2.20 mlg -1 , increases the porosity around 50 -65% at 20% H 2 O 2 concentration. Porosity increases with the L/P values and H 2 O 2 concentration which 76% of porosity was obtained at 50% H 2 O 2 and 2.20 mlg -1 of L/P. The compressive strength of HAp is in the range of 0.5 to 2.15 MPa and is found decreasing with the increasing of L/P values. ABSTRAK Hidroksiapatit poros (HAp) sebagai tulang geraf gantian sintetik dihasilkan melalui teknik gas dengan menggunakan gas hidrogen peroksida (H 2 O 2 ) pada kepekatan 20, 30 dan 50%. Buburan hidroksiapatit (HA) dihasilkan daripada nisbah larutan H 2 O 2 terhadap serbuk HA (L/P) antara 0.9 hingga 2.20 mlg -1 bagi memperolehi kelikatan buburan yang berlainan. Kepekatan larutan H 2 O 2 dan nisbah L/P yang berbeza mempengaruhi keporosan, keterjalinan hubung antara liang dan kekuatan mampatan sampel HAp. Perubahan L/P antara 0.9 hingga 2.20 mlg -1 telah meningkatkan keporosan sebanyak 50 -65% pada 20% kepekatan larutan H 2 O 2 . Keporosan meningkat dengan nilai L/P dan kepekatan larutan H 2 O 2 dimana 76% keporosan dicapai pada kepekatan 50% larutan H 2 O 2 dan L/P sekitar 2.20 mlg -1 . Kekuatan mampatan HAp adalah antara 0.5 hingga 2.15 MPa dan didapati menurun dengan peningkatan nisbah L/P. Kata kunci: Hidroksiapatit poros; kekuatan mampatan; keporosan; kerterjalinan hubung</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Fabrication of Porous Hydroxyapatite for Bone Graft Substitutes via Gas Technique (Fabrikasi Hidroksiapatit Poros Melalui Teknik Gas sebagai Tulang Geraf Gantian)","attachmentId":47347122,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10495338/Fabrication_of_Porous_Hydroxyapatite_for_Bone_Graft_Substitutes_via_Gas_Technique_Fabrikasi_Hidroksiapatit_Poros_Melalui_Teknik_Gas_sebagai_Tulang_Geraf_Gantian_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10495338/Fabrication_of_Porous_Hydroxyapatite_for_Bone_Graft_Substitutes_via_Gas_Technique_Fabrikasi_Hidroksiapatit_Poros_Melalui_Teknik_Gas_sebagai_Tulang_Geraf_Gantian_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="98747146" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/98747146/One_pot_method_to_synthesize_three_dimensional_porous_hydroxyapatite_nanocomposite_for_bone_tissue_engineering">One pot method to synthesize three-dimensional porous hydroxyapatite nanocomposite for bone tissue engineering</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="48659175" href="https://independent.academia.edu/sarkarchandrani">chandrani sarkar</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Porous Materials, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A three-dimensional porous hydroxyapatite nanocomposite has been synthesized by a simple, less energy consuming and cost effective one-pot method. In this study, gelatin foam has been used as pore forming agent and incorporated in carboxymethyl cellulose-hydroxyapatite system in composite formation stage. A three-dimensional porous polymers-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite has been formed as a final product. The synthesized porous nanocomposite has been thoroughly characterized by different techniques. It was found that the nanocomposite is highly porous with almost 80% porosity, and has multi-scale pores from 2.5 to 900 μm in size. Furthermore, the synthesized porous composite has compressive strength ~ 11.8 ± 1.5 MPa and modulus ~ 0.243 ± 0.031 GPa, in the range of cancellous bone. Moreover, the nanocomposite provides favorable environment to cells for proliferation, high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and extracellular mineralization. In vitro degradation of synthesized nanocomposites was tested in simulated body fluid. Results ascertained that the synthesized porous hydroxyapatite nanocomposite would be a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"One pot method to synthesize three-dimensional porous hydroxyapatite nanocomposite for bone tissue engineering","attachmentId":100014858,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98747146/One_pot_method_to_synthesize_three_dimensional_porous_hydroxyapatite_nanocomposite_for_bone_tissue_engineering","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/98747146/One_pot_method_to_synthesize_three_dimensional_porous_hydroxyapatite_nanocomposite_for_bone_tissue_engineering"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="124429447" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/124429447/A_method_of_fabrication_of_porous_carbonated_hydroxyapatite_scaffolds_for_bone_tissue_engineering">A method of fabrication of porous carbonated hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="110264322" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GurinAlex">Alex Gurin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A method to produce porous carbonated hydroxyapatite ceramics was developed which is based on vacuum impregnation of cellular polyurethane (PU) matrixes with a ceramic slip. The polyurethane foams were burnt off and the samples were converted into porous carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) ceramics by sintering in a furnace at 600 to 650°C using a sintering additive. The ceramics had 60-90% interconnected porosity, necessary to facilitate cell seeding and fixation which is an important requirement for use in bone tissue engineering. The optimal composition of ceramic slip and the sintering conditions were found. PU foams with a different number of pores per inch (ppi) were used and the strength testing of ceramics was carried out. It is suggested that the experimental ceramics would be useful in bone replacement and reconstruction.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A method of fabrication of porous carbonated hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering","attachmentId":118656353,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/124429447/A_method_of_fabrication_of_porous_carbonated_hydroxyapatite_scaffolds_for_bone_tissue_engineering","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/124429447/A_method_of_fabrication_of_porous_carbonated_hydroxyapatite_scaffolds_for_bone_tissue_engineering"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="54611190" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/54611190/Poly_hydroxyl_acids_hydroxyapatite_porous_composites_for_bone_tissue_engineering_I_Preparation_and_morphology">Poly(?-hydroxyl acids)/hydroxyapatite porous composites for bone-tissue engineering. I. Preparation and morphology</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33046521" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PeterMa1">Peter Ma</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">J Biomed Mater Res, 1999</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Tissue engineering has shown great promise for creating biological alternatives for implants. In this approach, scaffolding plays a pivotal role. Hydroxyapatite mimics the natural bone mineral and has shown good bonebonding properties. This paper describes the preparation and morphologies of three-dimensional porous composites from poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactic acid-coglycolic acid) (PLGA) solution and hydroxyapatite (HAP). A thermally induced phase separation technique was used to create the highly porous composite scaffolds for bone-tissue engineering. Freeze drying of the phase-separated polymer/ HAP/solvent mixtures produced hard and tough foams with a co-continuous structure of interconnected pores and a polymer/HAP composite skeleton. The microstructure of the pores and the walls was controlled by varying the polymer concentration, HAP content, quenching temperature, polymer, and solvent utilized. The porosity increased with decreasing polymer concentration and HAP content. Foams with porosity as high as 95% were achieved. Pore sizes ranging from several microns to a few hundred microns were obtained. The composite foams showed a significant improvement in mechanical properties over pure polymer foams. They are promising scaffolds for bone-tissue engineering.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Poly(?-hydroxyl acids)/hydroxyapatite porous composites for bone-tissue engineering. I. Preparation and morphology","attachmentId":70893473,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/54611190/Poly_hydroxyl_acids_hydroxyapatite_porous_composites_for_bone_tissue_engineering_I_Preparation_and_morphology","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/54611190/Poly_hydroxyl_acids_hydroxyapatite_porous_composites_for_bone_tissue_engineering_I_Preparation_and_morphology"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="24343057" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24343057/Microstructure_and_Biocompatibility_of_Hydroxyapatite_Porous_Ceramics_Designed_by_a_Partial_Dissolution_Precipitation_Technique_with_Supersonic_Treatment_for_Bone_Regeneration">Microstructure and Biocompatibility of Hydroxyapatite Porous Ceramics Designed by a Partial Dissolution-Precipitation Technique with Supersonic Treatment for Bone Regeneration</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="46935597" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ManabuIto">Manabu Ito</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Bone Regeneration, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Microstructure and Biocompatibility of Hydroxyapatite Porous Ceramics Designed by a Partial Dissolution-Precipitation Technique with Supersonic Treatment for Bone Regeneration","attachmentId":44677510,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24343057/Microstructure_and_Biocompatibility_of_Hydroxyapatite_Porous_Ceramics_Designed_by_a_Partial_Dissolution_Precipitation_Technique_with_Supersonic_Treatment_for_Bone_Regeneration","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24343057/Microstructure_and_Biocompatibility_of_Hydroxyapatite_Porous_Ceramics_Designed_by_a_Partial_Dissolution_Precipitation_Technique_with_Supersonic_Treatment_for_Bone_Regeneration"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="28965115" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28965115/Novel_Method_to_Manufacture_Porous_Hydroxyapatite_by_Dual_Phase_Mixing">Novel Method to Manufacture Porous Hydroxyapatite by Dual-Phase Mixing</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41948696" href="https://relmin.academia.edu/PierreLayrolle">Pierre Layrolle</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2003</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">We have developed a novel method to construct porous hydroxyapatite (HA) by dual-phase mixing-in other words, generating a porous ceramic body and pore-forming template simultaneously. The technique is based on mixing two immiscible phases: HA slurry and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) resin. Naphthalene particles are necessary when greater porosity (>50%) is wanted. After shaping in a mold, the mixture is subjected to polymerization, drying, pyrolysis, and sintering. The porous HA has been thoroughly characterized with Fourier transformation infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffractometry, environmental scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and image analysis. The demanding specifications for bone ingrowth are met: (i) the size of pores and their fenestrations are adjustable, ϳ80% within 300 -800 m; (ii) uniform and isotropic porous structure is observed in three directions; (iii) pores are fully interconnected throughout; (iv) the porosity is adjustable up to 60%; and (v) sufficient mechanical strength is present for cell culture and implantation handling. The porous HA can be applied as either implant material or scaffold for bone-tissue engineering.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Novel Method to Manufacture Porous Hydroxyapatite by Dual-Phase Mixing","attachmentId":49405158,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28965115/Novel_Method_to_Manufacture_Porous_Hydroxyapatite_by_Dual_Phase_Mixing","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28965115/Novel_Method_to_Manufacture_Porous_Hydroxyapatite_by_Dual_Phase_Mixing"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="72976771" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72976771/Poly_a_hydroxyl_acids_hydroxyapatite_porous_composites_for_bone_tissue_engineering">Poly(a-hydroxyl acids)/hydroxyapatite porous composites for bone-tissue engineering</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33046521" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PeterMa1">Peter Ma</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1999</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">creating biological alternatives for implants. In this ap-proach, scaffolding plays a pivotal role. Hydroxyapatite mimics the natural bone mineral and has shown good bone-bonding properties. This paper describes the preparation and morphologies of three-dimensional porous composites from poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) solution and hydroxyapatite (HAP). A thermally induced phase separation technique was used to create the highly porous composite scaffolds for bone-tissue engineering. Freeze drying of the phase-separated polymer/ HAP/solvent mixtures produced hard and tough foams with a co-continuous structure of interconnected pores and a polymer/HAP composite skeleton. The microstructure of the pores and the walls was controlled by varying the poly-mer concentration, HAP content, quenching temperature, polymer, and solvent utilized. The porosity increased with decreasing polymer concentration and HAP content. Foams with porosity as high a...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Poly(a-hydroxyl acids)/hydroxyapatite porous composites for bone-tissue engineering","attachmentId":81683326,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/72976771/Poly_a_hydroxyl_acids_hydroxyapatite_porous_composites_for_bone_tissue_engineering","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/72976771/Poly_a_hydroxyl_acids_hydroxyapatite_porous_composites_for_bone_tissue_engineering"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="71297733" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71297733/Development_and_Characterization_of_Hydroxyapatite_for_Bone_Use">Development and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite for Bone Use</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="29896133" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LatifaAlimi">Latifa Alimi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The objective of this work is the elaboration of a biomaterial Hydroxyapatite (Ca10 (PO4)6 (OH)2), by a synthetic method of precipitation, (CaCl2, 2H2O) as source of calcium and (Na2HPO4, 12 H2O) as a source of phosphate. After preparation, the powder was calcined at 900 °C for 90 minutes at a speed of 10 °C / min and compacted into pellets 12 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick. Sintered powder at different temperatures (1000 °C, 1100 °C, 1200 °C, and 1300 °C). In order to study the effect of sintering temperature on the microstructure, the physical and morphological properties of the elaborated hydroxyapatite, the density, the porosity, X-ray diffraction (DRX) and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for the characterization of the powder. The density decreases with the increase of the porosity, in fact the sample densifies easily when the porosity is lower</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Development and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite for Bone Use","attachmentId":80702629,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/71297733/Development_and_Characterization_of_Hydroxyapatite_for_Bone_Use","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/71297733/Development_and_Characterization_of_Hydroxyapatite_for_Bone_Use"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":31542499,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":31542499,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_31542499" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="91636863" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/91636863/Preparation_and_characterization_of_porous_hydroxyapatite_through_polymeric_sponge_method">Preparation and characterization of porous hydroxyapatite through polymeric sponge method</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33222591" href="https://boun.academia.edu/SabriAlt%C4%B1nta%C5%9F">Sabri Altıntaş</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Ceramics International, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Preparation and characterization of porous hydroxyapatite through polymeric sponge method","attachmentId":94868489,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/91636863/Preparation_and_characterization_of_porous_hydroxyapatite_through_polymeric_sponge_method","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/91636863/Preparation_and_characterization_of_porous_hydroxyapatite_through_polymeric_sponge_method"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" 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