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[{"id":76355080,"identifier":"Attachment_76355080","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":64219592,"created_at":"2021-12-15T00:52:58.977-08:00","from_world_paper_id":187056600,"updated_at":"2024-11-23T07:09:37.478-08:00","_data":{"grobid_abstract":"Southern Voice's flagship initiative on the State of the Sustainable Development Goals (SVSS) has generated country-level, evidence-based analysis to enrich the global dialogue on the 2030 Agenda. SVSS is neither a typical data-driven analysis of progress nor a traditional monitoring exercise of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Instead, through this research initiative, we seek to identify the 'second-generation' challenges of the global agenda along with the policy responses to address them. Our crosscountry and regional analyses show that, on the one hand, national governments have made discernible progress in designing policy frameworks aligned with the Agenda. The governments have recognised the importance of not leaving the most vulnerable behind. On the other hand, weak coordination among relevant stakeholders and lack of horizontal coherence remain as challenges in achieving the Goals. Silo approaches continue to undermine national governments' ability to address systemic problems and create the necessary conditions to end poverty for all. Paucity of financial resources, along with no changes in the allocative priorities, are symptomatic of most of the developing countries' drive towards SDGs. With these challenges in mind, the SVSS report identifies three layers of critical action and analysis. First, we explore who is potentially excluded from deriving the benefits of SDG delivery within the country's contextual realities. Second, we recognise that the Goals are not necessarily additive (even within a holistic agenda), and delve into the links among Goals and their interconnections, so as to maximise their synergies and fend the trade-offs. Third, we explore the implications of the current conduct of the global institutions and policies for the national efforts to implement SDGs. The present study aims to understand how the fourth industrial revolution has moved along the value chain and impacted workers on the apparel sector in Sri Lanka. We hope that this piece of Southern Voice's research will enlighten the thought process of the policy community and development practitioners in their efforts towards a fuller realisation of the 2030 Agenda.","publication_date":"2020,,","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"76355080"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"The opportunities and risks for achieving sustainable labour in a global value chain: A case study from Sri Lanka’s apparel sector","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [6390523]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":76355080,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “The opportunities and risks for achieving sustainable labour in a global value chain: A case study from Sri Lanka’s apparel sector”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/76355080/mini_magick20211215-26694-www6gd.png?1639560189" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">The opportunities and risks for achieving sustainable labour in a global value chain: A case study from Sri Lanka’s apparel sector</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6390523" href="https://ormondsimpson.academia.edu/NavamNiles"><img alt="Profile image of Navam Niles" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/6390523/16721453/19200905/s65_navam.niles.jpg" />Navam Niles</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2020</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":76355080,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/64219592/The_opportunities_and_risks_for_achieving_sustainable_labour_in_a_global_value_chain_A_case_study_from_Sri_Lanka_s_apparel_sector"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":76355080,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/64219592/The_opportunities_and_risks_for_achieving_sustainable_labour_in_a_global_value_chain_A_case_study_from_Sri_Lanka_s_apparel_sector"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="76355080" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/64219592/The_opportunities_and_risks_for_achieving_sustainable_labour_in_a_global_value_chain_A_case_study_from_Sri_Lanka_s_apparel_sector" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="49790513" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49790513/Review_of_Rossi_A_Luinstra_A_and_Pickles_J_eds_2014_Towards_Better_Work_Understanding_Labour_in_Apparel_Global_Value_Chains">Review of Rossi, A., Luinstra, A. and Pickles, J. (eds.) (2014) Towards Better Work: Understanding Labour in Apparel Global Value Chains</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2868221" href="https://manchester.academia.edu/KhalidNadvi">Khalid Nadvi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Global Labour Journal, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Review of Rossi, A., Luinstra, A. and Pickles, J. (eds.) (2014) Towards Better Work: Understanding Labour in Apparel Global Value Chains","attachmentId":68021920,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49790513/Review_of_Rossi_A_Luinstra_A_and_Pickles_J_eds_2014_Towards_Better_Work_Understanding_Labour_in_Apparel_Global_Value_Chains","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/49790513/Review_of_Rossi_A_Luinstra_A_and_Pickles_J_eds_2014_Towards_Better_Work_Understanding_Labour_in_Apparel_Global_Value_Chains"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="76562449" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76562449/Is_social_upgrading_occurring_in_South_Asia_s_apparel_industry">Is social upgrading occurring in South Asia’s apparel industry?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36300803" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChristinaStringer3">Christina Stringer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Critical perspectives on international business, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Purpose This paper aims to examine the relationship between economic upgrading (implementing higher value-added activities) and social upgrading (improvements in workers’ rights and employment) of supplier firms in global value chains (GVCs) governed by multinational enterprises (MNEs). This paper answers Buckley and Ghauri’s (2004) and Buckley and Strange (2015) calls to incorporate other theoretical approaches within the international business (IB) literature. Furthermore, the paper also responds to Lee and Gereffi (2015) argument, published in Critical perspectives on international business, of the need to incorporate the social impact of upgrading in the IB literature. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with representatives from five supplier firms each in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, as well as with industry representatives. Findings Governance patterns within GVCs can create the conditions for economic upgrading leading to social upgrading achi...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Is social upgrading occurring in South Asia’s apparel industry?","attachmentId":84232947,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76562449/Is_social_upgrading_occurring_in_South_Asia_s_apparel_industry","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/76562449/Is_social_upgrading_occurring_in_South_Asia_s_apparel_industry"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="77970961" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77970961/Developing_Countries_in_the_Global_Apparel_Value_Chain_A_Tale_of_Upgrading_and_Downgrading_Experiences">Developing Countries in the Global Apparel Value Chain: A Tale of Upgrading and Downgrading Experiences</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7525688" href="https://newschool.academia.edu/ThomasBernhardt">Thomas Bernhardt</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">SSRN Electronic Journal, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Developing Countries in the Global Apparel Value Chain: A Tale of Upgrading and Downgrading Experiences","attachmentId":85179634,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/77970961/Developing_Countries_in_the_Global_Apparel_Value_Chain_A_Tale_of_Upgrading_and_Downgrading_Experiences","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/77970961/Developing_Countries_in_the_Global_Apparel_Value_Chain_A_Tale_of_Upgrading_and_Downgrading_Experiences"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="120626733" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/120626733/Middle_Class_to_Rescue_the_Apparel_Sector_in_Sri_Lanka">Middle Class to Rescue the Apparel Sector in Sri Lanka</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="27118906" href="https://cmb.academia.edu/tuhewage">Thilan U Hewage</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Conference on Management and Economics, 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Having begun as an unskilled labour-intensive mass-production, the apparel industry in Sri Lanka transformed itself into one that caters to high-end value chain manufacture in a relatively short time period. During its period of transition since the phasing out of the Multi-Fiber Agreement (MFA), which, de facto, provided a shield against its inherent competitive disadvantage viz-a-viz its competitors, since its inception in the 1970s, demanded extraordinary structural interventions within and outside the industry if the sector to survive. Though the sector's earning capacity is around US$5 billion per year, which is about 0.25% of the world revenue within the apparel sector, the industry is planning to achieve a revenue goal of US$8 billion per year by 2025. According to JAAF (Joint Apparel Association Forum of Sri Lanka), apart from stable policies and labour priorities, improving productivity is the most effective way of achieving these goals. This research explored the influence of Total Factor Productivity (TFP), a widely used economic factor in many similar empirical studies. The analysis of regression coefficients obtained by processing cross-sectional data through a multiple regression Cobb-Douglas production function suggests that higher TFP gains are mostly associated with medium-sized enterprises, the middle class in the sector, compared to small and large-sized organisations. 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Spence</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This report focuses on the South Indian garment industry clustered around Tirupur and specifically on the labour challenges faced by the industry. We conducted 135 interviews and engaged in a series of consultations with around 100 further participants (including business actors, workers, NGOs, unions, and government agencies) in South India during 2018-19 to explore these challenges and potential solutions. We found that the industry is at a crossroads. Despite decades of growth it faces three main labour challenges – competitive threats from lower cost producing countries, labour shortages, and reputational challenges around decent work. There is a widespread belief in the industry (including among employers, unions and workers) that pay and working conditions in the cluster have improved and that the worst forms of exploitation have declined in prevalence. However, exploitation persists in a variety of forms. The most common forms of exploitation are restrictions on freedom of movement, health and safety violations, low pay, lack of contracts, gender discrimination, verbal abuse, and limited opportunities for collective bargaining and association. There is some, but more limited, evidence of forced, bonded and child labour. These problems are a result of persistent structural conditions that give rise to exploitation. These include demand-led factors (namely, the cost, time and flexibility pressures experienced by producers) and supply-led factors which lead to vulnerability of workers (namely gender inequality, limited economic choices, and limited knowledge of relevant rights and protections among workers). To tackle these challenges, local actors have experimented with a range of different approaches. We identify four main alternative pathways to change: (i) Economic upgrading; (ii) Responsible migration; (iii) Relocation of manufacturing; (iv) Diversification. Each offers its own set of opportunities and challenges for addressing decent work and economic growth. We recommend that the industry and its stakeholders should collaborate to develop a shared Vision 2030 and accompanying goals to address decent work and economic growth in the sector. This should be used to drive alignment around a common strategy and provide a means for external branding of the cluster. A multi-stakeholder taskforce should be formed to lead the Vision 2030 initiative. We recommend that this process be formalized and inclusive and led by an independent organization or chair. Three key focus areas for the Vision 2030 should be freedom of movement, health and safety, and the development of worker-driven social responsibility. We offer 12 practical recommendations for key stakeholders to implement to tackle these focus areas.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Decent Work and Economic Growth in the South Indian Garment Industry","attachmentId":60477881,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40245363/Decent_Work_and_Economic_Growth_in_the_South_Indian_Garment_Industry","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/40245363/Decent_Work_and_Economic_Growth_in_the_South_Indian_Garment_Industry"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="26469664" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26469664/Indian_Garment_Clusters_and_CSR_Norms_Incompatible_Agendas_at_the_Bottom_of_the_Garment_Commodity_Chain">Indian Garment Clusters and CSR Norms: Incompatible Agendas at the Bottom of the Garment Commodity Chain</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="50425058" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JessicaLozanoRojas">Jessica Lozano Rojas</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Indian Garment Clusters and CSR Norms: Incompatible Agendas at the Bottom of the Garment Commodity Chain","attachmentId":46763535,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26469664/Indian_Garment_Clusters_and_CSR_Norms_Incompatible_Agendas_at_the_Bottom_of_the_Garment_Commodity_Chain","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/26469664/Indian_Garment_Clusters_and_CSR_Norms_Incompatible_Agendas_at_the_Bottom_of_the_Garment_Commodity_Chain"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="4139567" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4139567/Following_Suit_an_Examination_of_Structural_Constraints_to_Industrial_Upgrading_in_the_Third_World">Following Suit: an Examination of Structural Constraints to Industrial Upgrading in the Third World</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3370441" href="https://tamu.academia.edu/NancyPlankeyVidela">Nancy Plankey-Videla</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Following Suit: an Examination of Structural Constraints to Industrial Upgrading in the Third World","attachmentId":31650337,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4139567/Following_Suit_an_Examination_of_Structural_Constraints_to_Industrial_Upgrading_in_the_Third_World","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4139567/Following_Suit_an_Examination_of_Structural_Constraints_to_Industrial_Upgrading_in_the_Third_World"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="50767374" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50767374/To_Sustainable_and_Beyond_a_calling_for_Sustainability_in_Bangladeshis_garment_industry">To Sustainable and Beyond: a calling for Sustainability in Bangladeshi's garment industry</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="191646820" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Robert_LFerrari">Robert L . Ferrari, MBA, CMgr</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The purpose of this paper is to explore the realm of the garment industry in Bangladesh while elaborating the topic with regards to dominant sustainability issues, and strategic initiatives implemented in a way to better harmonize with the values and principles of global Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). This study will navigate the key sustainability challenges in Bangladeshi’s apparel and clothing industry, in relation to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, in particular, the “Reduced Inequality” and the “Responsible Consumption and Production” issues (United Nations, 2015), the effects of sustainability on supply chains, and it will expose the best practices in terms of ethical sourcing adopted by organizations operating in the aforementioned industry. Moreover, the study will be conducted with means to forge the best possible approach for engaging with progressive enhancements in regards to the overall industry’s working conditions, while reviewing sustainability management and development strategies implemented by organizations paving the way within the industry, appraising the role of both Human Resources and the CEO in propelling change and formulating potential pathways to meet their sustainability goals, while integrating more of a holistic CSR culture within the overall Bangladeshi’s garment community.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"To Sustainable and Beyond: a calling for Sustainability in Bangladeshi's garment industry","attachmentId":104922642,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50767374/To_Sustainable_and_Beyond_a_calling_for_Sustainability_in_Bangladeshis_garment_industry","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/50767374/To_Sustainable_and_Beyond_a_calling_for_Sustainability_in_Bangladeshis_garment_industry"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="81253491" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81253491/Keynote_Speech_on_Empowerment_of_South_Asia_through_Economic_Consolidation_in_the_Textile_and_Clothing_Sector_">Keynote Speech on "Empowerment of South Asia through Economic Consolidation in the Textile & Clothing Sector"</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="53134967" href="https://iub-bd.academia.edu/DrNazrulIslam">Dr. Nazrul Islam</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">South Asian Regional Virtual Conference “EMPOWERMENT OF SOUTH ASIA THROUGH ECONOMIC CONSOLIDATION” held on 17th and 18th February 2021, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The economic outlook for South Asia is highly divergent across the countries. There are some economies including Bangladesh, Bhutan and India, where economic conditions are largely positive, with GDP growth projected to remain robust in the near future. In contrast, the outlook in Pakistan has visibly deteriorated. Consequently, regional GDP growth slowed down markedly in 2018. Yet, given the large size of the Indian economy, on the aggregate, the regional outlook is still moderately favorable, especially in comparison to other developing regions of the world. Over the past few years, South Asia has sustained a period of robust growth that has lifted up many living in poverty, and made notable progress in health and education sector. Despite robust economic growth, South Asian countries account for only 3% of world’s GDP and nearly 40% of its inhabitants live on less than $1.25 per day. The scary challenges from climate change, environmental degradation, and increasing inequalities are also causing serious threats to South Asia’s economic growth and prosperity. Nevertheless, the World Bank reports that between 2013 and 2016, growth in South Asian countries increased from 6.2% to 7.5% while growth rates of other developing nations remained flat or even turned negative. In the coming years, the World Bank expects countries in South Asia to continue this growth trajectory, estimated at 6.7% in 2021. In 2020, South Asia was set to plunge into its worst-ever recession as the devastating impacts of COVID-19 on the region’s economies linger on, taking a disproportionate toll/levy on informal workers and pushing millions of South Asians into extreme poverty.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Keynote Speech on \"Empowerment of South Asia through Economic Consolidation in the Textile \u0026 Clothing Sector\"","attachmentId":87362366,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/81253491/Keynote_Speech_on_Empowerment_of_South_Asia_through_Economic_Consolidation_in_the_Textile_and_Clothing_Sector_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/81253491/Keynote_Speech_on_Empowerment_of_South_Asia_through_Economic_Consolidation_in_the_Textile_and_Clothing_Sector_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":76355080,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":76355080,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_76355080" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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