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While global expansion of the apparel industry historically has been driven" /> <title>(PDF) Facing the Future Challenges of the Sri Lankan Apparel Industry: An Approach based on Porter's Diamond Model for the Competitive Advantage of Nations | Samuel Anbahan Anbahan - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/87605322/Facing_the_Future_Challenges_of_the_Sri_Lankan_Apparel_Industry_An_Approach_based_on_Porters_Diamond_Model_for_the_Competitive_Advantage_of_Nations" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732458652000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732458652000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Gaining competitiveness in the quota free trade has become a driving force for the apparel companies to adopt changes in technology and organizations to enhance productivity. While global expansion of the apparel industry historically has been driven by trade policy, by 2005, the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) by the World Trade Organization had phased out many of the quotas that had previously regulated the world apparel industry. This caused a tremendous change in the global geography of apparel manufacturing and trade, and a restructuring of company strategies seeking to realign their manufacturing and sourcing networks to accommodate new economic and political realities. This change has brought other key factors for country competitiveness to the forefront, including labour costs, productivity, and competencies. Countries where the cost of labour is low are emerging as leaders in the lower-value assembly segments of the value chain, while countries with higher labour cost are being forced to upgrade into higher-value segments, such as branding and design that rely on high-quality human capital to maintain their competitiveness. As a result, skills of the work force in the apparel industry will become increasingly important element for developing economies to maintain and upgrade their positions in the global apparel value chain. The purpose of this study is to investigate the history of Sri Lankan apparel industry and challenges it faced in different eras and based on the experience gained propose recommendations to face the futuristic challenges of the world apparel trade based on the diamond model for competitive advantage of nations as proposed by Michael Porter.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Samuel Anbahan Anbahan"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2022-09-30","dateModified":"2022-09-30","datePublished":"2015-01-01","headline":"Facing the Future Challenges of the Sri Lankan Apparel Industry: An Approach based on Porter's Diamond Model for the Competitive Advantage of Nations","inLanguage":"en","keywords":[],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"Journal Paper","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/87605322/Facing_the_Future_Challenges_of_the_Sri_Lankan_Apparel_Industry_An_Approach_based_on_Porters_Diamond_Model_for_the_Competitive_Advantage_of_Nations","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"ousl"}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-352e32ba4e89304dc0b4fa5b3952eef2198174c54cdb79066bc62e91c68a1a91.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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While global expansion of the apparel industry historically has been driven by trade policy, by 2005, the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) by the World Trade Organization had phased out many of the quotas that had previously regulated the world apparel industry. This caused a tremendous change in the global geography of apparel manufacturing and trade, and a restructuring of company strategies seeking to realign their manufacturing and sourcing networks to accommodate new economic and political realities. This change has brought other key factors for country competitiveness to the forefront, including labour costs, productivity, and competencies. Countries where the cost of labour is low are emerging as leaders in the lower-value assembly segments of the value chain, while countries with higher labour cost are being forced to upgrade into higher-value segments, such as branding and design that rely on high-quality human capital to maintain their competitiveness. As a result, skills of the work force in the apparel industry will become increasingly important element for developing economies to maintain and upgrade their positions in the global apparel value chain. The purpose of this study is to investigate the history of Sri Lankan apparel industry and challenges it faced in different eras and based on the experience gained propose recommendations to face the futuristic challenges of the world apparel trade based on the diamond model for competitive advantage of nations as proposed by Michael Porter.","publication_date":"2015,,","publication_name":"Journal Paper"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Facing the Future Challenges of the Sri Lankan Apparel Industry: An Approach based on Porter's Diamond Model for the Competitive Advantage of Nations","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [2695530]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":91768688,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Facing the Future Challenges of the Sri Lankan Apparel Industry: An Approach based on Porter's Diamond Model for the Competitive Advantage of Nations”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/91768688/mini_magick20220930-1-1lbye7h.png?1664526183" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Facing the Future Challenges of the Sri Lankan Apparel Industry: An Approach based on Porter's Diamond Model for the Competitive Advantage of Nations</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2695530" href="https://ousl.academia.edu/SamuelAriadurai"><img alt="Profile image of Samuel Anbahan Anbahan" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/2695530/864161/82486245/s65_samuel.ariadurai.jpeg" />Samuel Anbahan Anbahan</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2015, Journal Paper</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Gaining competitiveness in the quota free trade has become a driving force for the apparel companies to adopt changes in technology and organizations to enhance productivity. While global expansion of the apparel industry historically has been driven by trade policy, by 2005, the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) by the World Trade Organization had phased out many of the quotas that had previously regulated the world apparel industry. This caused a tremendous change in the global geography of apparel manufacturing and trade, and a restructuring of company strategies seeking to realign their manufacturing and sourcing networks to accommodate new economic and political realities. This change has brought other key factors for country competitiveness to the forefront, including labour costs, productivity, and competencies. Countries where the cost of labour is low are emerging as leaders in the lower-value assembly segments of the value chain, while countries with higher labour cost are being forced to upgrade into higher-value segments, such as branding and design that rely on high-quality human capital to maintain their competitiveness. As a result, skills of the work force in the apparel industry will become increasingly important element for developing economies to maintain and upgrade their positions in the global apparel value chain. The purpose of this study is to investigate the history of Sri Lankan apparel industry and challenges it faced in different eras and based on the experience gained propose recommendations to face the futuristic challenges of the world apparel trade based on the diamond model for competitive advantage of nations as proposed by Michael Porter.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":91768688,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/87605322/Facing_the_Future_Challenges_of_the_Sri_Lankan_Apparel_Industry_An_Approach_based_on_Porters_Diamond_Model_for_the_Competitive_Advantage_of_Nations"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":91768688,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/87605322/Facing_the_Future_Challenges_of_the_Sri_Lankan_Apparel_Industry_An_Approach_based_on_Porters_Diamond_Model_for_the_Competitive_Advantage_of_Nations"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="91768688" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/87605322/Facing_the_Future_Challenges_of_the_Sri_Lankan_Apparel_Industry_An_Approach_based_on_Porters_Diamond_Model_for_the_Competitive_Advantage_of_Nations" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="120626567" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/120626567/Impact_of_Non_economic_Factors_on_the_Development_of_the_Apparel_Sector_in_Sri_Lanka">Impact of Non-economic Factors on the Development of the Apparel Sector in Sri Lanka</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="27118906" href="https://cmb.academia.edu/tuhewage">Thilan U Hewage</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Colombo Economic Journal (CEJ), 2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The Sri Lankan apparel industry has transformed itself into a high-end value chain manufacturer within a short period of time. 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translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="101852539" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/101852539/A_Study_to_Enhance_Indian_Apparel_Exports">A Study to Enhance Indian Apparel Exports</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="133367095" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ShwetaSaxena34">Shweta Saxena</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International journal of engineering research and technology, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Study to Enhance Indian Apparel 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href="https://www.academia.edu/86754540/An_analysis_into_the_impact_of_globalization_on_the_clothing_industry_in_conjunction_with_the_clothing_industry_in_South_Africa">An analysis into the impact of globalization on the clothing industry in conjunction with the clothing industry in South Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="54765499" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KemRamdass">Kem Ramdass</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"An analysis into the impact of globalization on the clothing industry in conjunction with the clothing industry in South 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class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28198151/The_role_of_textile_and_clothing_industries_in_growth_and_development_strategies_Final_Draft">The role of textile and clothing industries in growth and development strategies Final Draft</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="52854381" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IslamNobinur">Nobinur Islam</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The role of textile and clothing industries in growth and development strategies Final Draft","attachmentId":48509670,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28198151/The_role_of_textile_and_clothing_industries_in_growth_and_development_strategies_Final_Draft","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28198151/The_role_of_textile_and_clothing_industries_in_growth_and_development_strategies_Final_Draft"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="72532401" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72532401/Ready_made_Garment_Exports_from_Sri_Lanka_SAMAN_KELEGAMA">Ready-made Garment Exports from Sri Lanka SAMAN KELEGAMA</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="52573816" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SKelegama">Saman Kelegama</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2009</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">With the phasing out of the Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA), the Sri Lankan economy, highly dependent on ready-made garment exports, has become vulnerable to the changing global trading system affecting this industry. In such a global environment, strengthening the competitiveness of the industry has become imperative for Sri Lanka if it is to remain as one of the suppliers of choice in major markets. The paper highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the industry and shows the steps that have been taken to address the latter. Additional steps taken to select specific garment products according to past performance and global positioning for further improvement and promotion are also highlighted. The paper also suggests some strategies to cope up with the new global challenges.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ready-made Garment Exports from Sri Lanka SAMAN KELEGAMA","attachmentId":81423687,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/72532401/Ready_made_Garment_Exports_from_Sri_Lanka_SAMAN_KELEGAMA","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/72532401/Ready_made_Garment_Exports_from_Sri_Lanka_SAMAN_KELEGAMA"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":91768688,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":91768688,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_91768688" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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