CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="Efy9Ta9jPkE/76queOkk89JoXiBa6rEGtg5LSQvBKsTr91uxB3vnFUncTayJBTiREOTBDU9nJsEjLM+/4ECVdg==" /> <title>Academia.edu | About</title> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "static", 'action': "about", 'controller_action': 'static#about', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'static'; var $action_name = "about"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732353930000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732353930000; </script> <style type="text/css">@media(max-width: 567px){:root{--token-mode: Rebrand;--dropshadow: 0 2px 4px 0 #22223340;--primary-brand: #0645b1;--error-dark: #b60000;--success-dark: #05b01c;--inactive-fill: #ebebee;--hover: #0c3b8d;--pressed: #082f75;--button-primary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-text-inactive: #91919e;--button-secondary-stroke-inactive: #b1b1ba;--background-beige: #f9f7f4;--error-light: #fff2f2;--text-placeholder: #91919e;--stroke-dark: #141413;--stroke-light: #dddde2;--stroke-medium: #535366;--accent-green: #ccffd4;--accent-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--accent-yellow: #f7ffcc;--accent-peach: #ffd4cc;--accent-violet: #f7ccff;--accent-purple: #f4f7fc;--text-primary: #141413;--button-primary-fill: #0645b1;--button-secondary-fill: #eef2f9;--secondary-brand: #0645b1;--button-secondary-text: #082f75;--button-primary-text: #ffffff;--text-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-primary-fill-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-primary-fill-press: #082f75;--button-focus: #0645b1;--button-secondary-fill-press: #cddaef;--button-secondary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--text-white: #ffffff;--text-link: #0645b1;--text-press: #082f75;--success-light: #f0f8f1;--background-light-blue: #f4f7fc;--background-white: #ffffff;--premium-dark: #877440;--premium-light: #f9f6ed;--stroke-white: #ffffff;--inactive-content: #b1b1ba;--annotate-light: #a35dff;--annotate-dark: #824acc;--grid: #eef2f9;--button-secondary-stroke: #cddaef;--button-secondary-stroke-hover: #c8c8cf;--button-secondary-stroke-press: #0645b1;--button-secondary-text-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-primary-icon: #ffffff;--button-secondary-icon: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-hover: #e6ecf7;--inactive-stroke: #ebebee;--shadow: rgba(34, 34, 51, 0.25);--button-primary-fill-inverse: #ffffff;--button-primary-text-inverse: #0645b1;--button-secondary-stroke-inverse: #ffffff;--button-primary-icon-inverse: #0645b1;--button-icon-inactive: #91919e;--button-secondary-fill-inverse: #eef2f9;--button-secondary-icon-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-icon-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-icon-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-text-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-secondary-text-press: #082f75;--text-inactive: #6d6d7d;--text-error: #b60000;--stroke-error: #b60000;--background-error: #fff2f2;--background-black: #141413;--icon-default: #141413;--icon-blue: #0645b1;--background-grey: #dddde2;--icon-grey: #91919e;--button-xs-stroke: #141413;--button-xs-stroke-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-stroke-press: #082f75;--button-xs-stroke-inactive: #0645b1;--button-xs-text: #141413;--button-xs-text-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-text-press: #082f75;--button-xs-text-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-xs-icon: #141413;--button-xs-icon-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-icon-press: #082f75;--button-xs-icon-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-xs-fill: #ffffff;--text-focus: #082f75;--brand-colors-neutral-black: #141413;--brand-colors-neutral-900: #535366;--brand-colors-neutral-800: #6d6d7d;--brand-colors-neutral-700: #91919e;--brand-colors-neutral-600: #b1b1ba;--brand-colors-neutral-500: #c8c8cf;--brand-colors-neutral-400: #dddde2;--brand-colors-neutral-300: #ebebee;--brand-colors-neutral-200: #f8f8fb;--brand-colors-neutral-100: #fafafa;--brand-colors-neutral-white: #ffffff;--brand-colors-blue-900: #043059;--brand-colors-blue-800: #082f75;--brand-colors-blue-700: #0c3b8d;--brand-colors-blue-600: #0645b1;--brand-colors-blue-500: #386ac1;--brand-colors-blue-400: #cddaef;--brand-colors-blue-300: #e6ecf7;--brand-colors-blue-200: #eef2f9;--brand-colors-blue-100: #f4f7fc;--brand-colors-gold-500: #877440;--brand-colors-gold-400: #e9e3d4;--brand-colors-gold-300: #f2efe8;--brand-colors-gold-200: #f9f6ed;--brand-colors-gold-100: #f9f7f4;--brand-colors-error-900: #920000;--brand-colors-error-500: #b60000;--brand-colors-success-900: #035c0f;--brand-colors-green: #ccffd4;--brand-colors-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--brand-colors-yellow: #f7ffcc;--brand-colors-peach: #ffd4cc;--brand-colors-violet: #f7ccff;--brand-colors-error-100: #fff2f2;--brand-colors-success-500: #05b01c;--brand-colors-success-100: #f0f8f1;--text-secondary: #535366;--icon-white: #ffffff;--background-beige-darker: #f2efe8;--type-font-family-sans-serif: DM Sans;--type-font-family-serif: Gupter;--type-font-family-mono: IBM Plex Mono;--type-weights-300: 300;--type-weights-400: 400;--type-weights-500: SemiBold;--type-weights-700: 700;--type-sizes-12: 12px;--type-sizes-14: 14px;--type-sizes-16: 16px;--type-sizes-18: 18px;--type-sizes-20: 20px;--type-sizes-22: 22px;--type-sizes-24: 24px;--type-sizes-28: 28px;--type-sizes-30: 30px;--type-sizes-32: 32px;--type-sizes-40: 40px;--type-sizes-42: 42px;--type-sizes-48-2: 48px;--type-line-heights-16: 16px;--type-line-heights-23: 23px;--type-line-heights-24: 24px;--type-line-heights-25: 25px;--type-line-heights-26: 26px;--type-line-heights-29: 29px;--type-line-heights-30: 30px;--type-line-heights-32: 32px;--type-line-heights-34: 34px;--type-line-heights-35: 35px;--type-line-heights-36: 36px;--type-line-heights-38: 38px;--type-line-heights-40: 40px;--type-line-heights-46: 46px;--type-line-heights-48: 48px;--type-line-heights-52: 52px;--type-line-heights-58: 58px;--type-line-heights-68: 68px;--type-line-heights-74: 74px;--type-line-heights-82: 82px;--type-paragraph-spacings-0: 0px;--type-paragraph-spacings-4: 4px;--type-paragraph-spacings-16: 16px;--type-sans-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-xl-size: 32px;--type-sans-serif-xl-line-height: 46px;--type-sans-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-lg-size: 30px;--type-sans-serif-lg-line-height: 36px;--type-sans-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-md-line-height: 30px;--type-sans-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-size: 24px;--type-sans-serif-xs-font-weight: 700;--type-sans-serif-xs-line-height: 24px;--type-sans-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-sans-serif-xs-size: 18px;--type-sans-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-sm-line-height: 32px;--type-sans-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-sm-size: 20px;--type-body-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xl-size: 24px;--type-body-xl-line-height: 36px;--type-body-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-body-sm-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-line-height: 23px;--type-body-sm-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xs-size: 12px;--type-body-xs-line-height: 16px;--type-body-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-md-font-weight: 400;--type-body-md-size: 16px;--type-body-md-line-height: 24px;--type-body-md-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-body-lg-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-line-height: 26px;--type-body-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-lg-medium-font-weight: SemiBold;--type-body-lg-medium-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-medium-line-height: 32px;--type-body-lg-medium-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-font-weight: SemiBold;--type-body-md-medium-size: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-line-height: 24px;--type-body-md-medium-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-sm-bold-font-weight: 700;--type-body-sm-bold-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-bold-line-height: 23px;--type-body-sm-bold-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-md-size: 32px;--type-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-md-line-height: 40px;--type-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-sm-size: 24px;--type-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-sm-line-height: 32px;--type-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-lg-size: 48px;--type-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-lg-line-height: 52px;--type-serif-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xs-size: 18px;--type-serif-xs-line-height: 24px;--type-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xl-size: 48px;--type-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-line-height: 58px;--type-mono-md-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-md-size: 22px;--type-mono-md-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-lg-size: 40px;--type-mono-lg-line-height: 40px;--type-mono-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-sm-size: 14px;--type-mono-sm-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--spacing-xs-4: 4px;--spacing-xs-8: 8px;--spacing-xs-16: 16px;--spacing-sm-24: 24px;--spacing-sm-32: 32px;--spacing-md-40: 40px;--spacing-md-48: 48px;--spacing-lg-64: 64px;--spacing-lg-80: 80px;--spacing-xlg-104: 104px;--spacing-xlg-152: 152px;--spacing-page-section: 80px;--spacing-card-list-spacing: 48px;--spacing-text-section-spacing: 64px;--spacing-md-xs-headings: 40px;--corner-radius-radius-lg: 16px;--corner-radius-radius-sm: 4px;--corner-radius-radius-md: 8px;--corner-radius-radius-round: 104px;--page-setup-page-width: 360px;--page-setup-page-margin-page-margin-lg: 156px;--page-setup-page-margin-page-margin-md: 40px;--page-setup-page-margin-page-margin-sm: 24px;--page-setup-margin-l-r: 24px;--buttons-small-buttons-corner-radius: 16px;--buttons-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 20px;--buttons-small-buttons-height: 48px;--buttons-small-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-only-width: 48px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-large-buttons-l-r-padding: 32px;--buttons-large-buttons-height: 64px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-only-width: 64px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-large-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-large-buttons-corner-radius: 16px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 8px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-height: 32px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-icon-size: 16px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-gap: 4px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-corner-radius: 8px}}@media(min-width: 568px)and (max-width: 1279px){:root{--token-mode: Rebrand;--dropshadow: 0 2px 4px 0 #22223340;--primary-brand: #0645b1;--error-dark: #b60000;--success-dark: #05b01c;--inactive-fill: #ebebee;--hover: #0c3b8d;--pressed: #082f75;--button-primary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-text-inactive: #91919e;--button-secondary-stroke-inactive: #b1b1ba;--background-beige: #f9f7f4;--error-light: #fff2f2;--text-placeholder: #91919e;--stroke-dark: #141413;--stroke-light: #dddde2;--stroke-medium: #535366;--accent-green: #ccffd4;--accent-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--accent-yellow: #f7ffcc;--accent-peach: #ffd4cc;--accent-violet: #f7ccff;--accent-purple: #f4f7fc;--text-primary: #141413;--button-primary-fill: #0645b1;--button-secondary-fill: #eef2f9;--secondary-brand: #0645b1;--button-secondary-text: #082f75;--button-primary-text: #ffffff;--text-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-primary-fill-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-primary-fill-press: #082f75;--button-focus: #0645b1;--button-secondary-fill-press: #cddaef;--button-secondary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--text-white: #ffffff;--text-link: #0645b1;--text-press: #082f75;--success-light: #f0f8f1;--background-light-blue: #f4f7fc;--background-white: #ffffff;--premium-dark: #877440;--premium-light: #f9f6ed;--stroke-white: #ffffff;--inactive-content: #b1b1ba;--annotate-light: #a35dff;--annotate-dark: #824acc;--grid: #eef2f9;--button-secondary-stroke: #cddaef;--button-secondary-stroke-hover: #c8c8cf;--button-secondary-stroke-press: #0645b1;--button-secondary-text-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-primary-icon: #ffffff;--button-secondary-icon: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-hover: #e6ecf7;--inactive-stroke: #ebebee;--shadow: rgba(34, 34, 51, 0.25);--button-primary-fill-inverse: #ffffff;--button-primary-text-inverse: #0645b1;--button-secondary-stroke-inverse: #ffffff;--button-primary-icon-inverse: #0645b1;--button-icon-inactive: #91919e;--button-secondary-fill-inverse: #eef2f9;--button-secondary-icon-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-icon-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-icon-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-text-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-secondary-text-press: #082f75;--text-inactive: #6d6d7d;--text-error: #b60000;--stroke-error: #b60000;--background-error: #fff2f2;--background-black: #141413;--icon-default: #141413;--icon-blue: #0645b1;--background-grey: #dddde2;--icon-grey: #91919e;--button-xs-stroke: #141413;--button-xs-stroke-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-stroke-press: #082f75;--button-xs-stroke-inactive: #0645b1;--button-xs-text: #141413;--button-xs-text-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-text-press: #082f75;--button-xs-text-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-xs-icon: #141413;--button-xs-icon-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-icon-press: #082f75;--button-xs-icon-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-xs-fill: #ffffff;--text-focus: #082f75;--brand-colors-neutral-black: #141413;--brand-colors-neutral-900: #535366;--brand-colors-neutral-800: #6d6d7d;--brand-colors-neutral-700: #91919e;--brand-colors-neutral-600: #b1b1ba;--brand-colors-neutral-500: #c8c8cf;--brand-colors-neutral-400: #dddde2;--brand-colors-neutral-300: #ebebee;--brand-colors-neutral-200: #f8f8fb;--brand-colors-neutral-100: #fafafa;--brand-colors-neutral-white: #ffffff;--brand-colors-blue-900: #043059;--brand-colors-blue-800: #082f75;--brand-colors-blue-700: #0c3b8d;--brand-colors-blue-600: #0645b1;--brand-colors-blue-500: #386ac1;--brand-colors-blue-400: #cddaef;--brand-colors-blue-300: #e6ecf7;--brand-colors-blue-200: #eef2f9;--brand-colors-blue-100: #f4f7fc;--brand-colors-gold-500: #877440;--brand-colors-gold-400: #e9e3d4;--brand-colors-gold-300: #f2efe8;--brand-colors-gold-200: #f9f6ed;--brand-colors-gold-100: #f9f7f4;--brand-colors-error-900: #920000;--brand-colors-error-500: #b60000;--brand-colors-success-900: #035c0f;--brand-colors-green: #ccffd4;--brand-colors-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--brand-colors-yellow: #f7ffcc;--brand-colors-peach: #ffd4cc;--brand-colors-violet: #f7ccff;--brand-colors-error-100: #fff2f2;--brand-colors-success-500: #05b01c;--brand-colors-success-100: #f0f8f1;--text-secondary: #535366;--icon-white: #ffffff;--background-beige-darker: #f2efe8;--type-font-family-sans-serif: DM Sans;--type-font-family-serif: Gupter;--type-font-family-mono: IBM Plex Mono;--type-weights-300: 300;--type-weights-400: 400;--type-weights-500: SemiBold;--type-weights-700: 700;--type-sizes-12: 12px;--type-sizes-14: 14px;--type-sizes-16: 16px;--type-sizes-18: 18px;--type-sizes-20: 20px;--type-sizes-22: 22px;--type-sizes-24: 24px;--type-sizes-28: 28px;--type-sizes-30: 30px;--type-sizes-32: 32px;--type-sizes-40: 40px;--type-sizes-42: 42px;--type-sizes-48-2: 48px;--type-line-heights-16: 16px;--type-line-heights-23: 23px;--type-line-heights-24: 24px;--type-line-heights-25: 25px;--type-line-heights-26: 26px;--type-line-heights-29: 29px;--type-line-heights-30: 30px;--type-line-heights-32: 32px;--type-line-heights-34: 34px;--type-line-heights-35: 35px;--type-line-heights-36: 36px;--type-line-heights-38: 38px;--type-line-heights-40: 40px;--type-line-heights-46: 46px;--type-line-heights-48: 48px;--type-line-heights-52: 52px;--type-line-heights-58: 58px;--type-line-heights-68: 68px;--type-line-heights-74: 74px;--type-line-heights-82: 82px;--type-paragraph-spacings-0: 0px;--type-paragraph-spacings-4: 4px;--type-paragraph-spacings-16: 16px;--type-sans-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-xl-size: 42px;--type-sans-serif-xl-line-height: 46px;--type-sans-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-lg-size: 32px;--type-sans-serif-lg-line-height: 36px;--type-sans-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-md-line-height: 34px;--type-sans-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-size: 28px;--type-sans-serif-xs-font-weight: 700;--type-sans-serif-xs-line-height: 25px;--type-sans-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-sans-serif-xs-size: 20px;--type-sans-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-sm-line-height: 30px;--type-sans-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-sm-size: 24px;--type-body-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xl-size: 24px;--type-body-xl-line-height: 36px;--type-body-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-body-sm-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-line-height: 23px;--type-body-sm-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xs-size: 12px;--type-body-xs-line-height: 16px;--type-body-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-md-font-weight: 400;--type-body-md-size: 16px;--type-body-md-line-height: 24px;--type-body-md-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-body-lg-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-line-height: 29px;--type-body-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-lg-medium-font-weight: SemiBold;--type-body-lg-medium-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-medium-line-height: 32px;--type-body-lg-medium-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-font-weight: SemiBold;--type-body-md-medium-size: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-line-height: 24px;--type-body-md-medium-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-sm-bold-font-weight: 700;--type-body-sm-bold-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-bold-line-height: 23px;--type-body-sm-bold-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-md-size: 40px;--type-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-md-line-height: 48px;--type-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-sm-size: 28px;--type-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-sm-line-height: 36px;--type-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-lg-size: 58px;--type-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-lg-line-height: 68px;--type-serif-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xs-size: 18px;--type-serif-xs-line-height: 24px;--type-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xl-size: 74px;--type-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-line-height: 82px;--type-mono-md-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-md-size: 22px;--type-mono-md-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-lg-size: 40px;--type-mono-lg-line-height: 40px;--type-mono-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-sm-size: 14px;--type-mono-sm-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--spacing-xs-4: 4px;--spacing-xs-8: 8px;--spacing-xs-16: 16px;--spacing-sm-24: 24px;--spacing-sm-32: 32px;--spacing-md-40: 40px;--spacing-md-48: 48px;--spacing-lg-64: 64px;--spacing-lg-80: 80px;--spacing-xlg-104: 104px;--spacing-xlg-152: 152px;--spacing-page-section: 104px;--spacing-card-list-spacing: 48px;--spacing-text-section-spacing: 80px;--spacing-md-xs-headings: 40px;--corner-radius-radius-lg: 16px;--corner-radius-radius-sm: 4px;--corner-radius-radius-md: 8px;--corner-radius-radius-round: 104px;--page-setup-page-width: 768px;--page-setup-page-margin-page-margin-lg: 156px;--page-setup-page-margin-page-margin-md: 40px;--page-setup-page-margin-page-margin-sm: 24px;--page-setup-margin-l-r: 40px;--buttons-small-buttons-corner-radius: 16px;--buttons-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 20px;--buttons-small-buttons-height: 48px;--buttons-small-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-only-width: 48px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-large-buttons-l-r-padding: 32px;--buttons-large-buttons-height: 64px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-only-width: 64px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-large-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-large-buttons-corner-radius: 16px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 8px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-height: 32px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-icon-size: 16px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-gap: 4px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-corner-radius: 8px}}@media(min-width: 1280px){:root{--token-mode: Rebrand;--dropshadow: 0 2px 4px 0 #22223340;--primary-brand: #0645b1;--error-dark: #b60000;--success-dark: #05b01c;--inactive-fill: #ebebee;--hover: #0c3b8d;--pressed: #082f75;--button-primary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-text-inactive: #91919e;--button-secondary-stroke-inactive: #b1b1ba;--background-beige: #f9f7f4;--error-light: #fff2f2;--text-placeholder: #91919e;--stroke-dark: #141413;--stroke-light: #dddde2;--stroke-medium: #535366;--accent-green: #ccffd4;--accent-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--accent-yellow: #f7ffcc;--accent-peach: #ffd4cc;--accent-violet: #f7ccff;--accent-purple: #f4f7fc;--text-primary: #141413;--button-primary-fill: #0645b1;--button-secondary-fill: #eef2f9;--secondary-brand: #0645b1;--button-secondary-text: #082f75;--button-primary-text: #ffffff;--text-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-primary-fill-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-primary-fill-press: #082f75;--button-focus: #0645b1;--button-secondary-fill-press: #cddaef;--button-secondary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--text-white: #ffffff;--text-link: #0645b1;--text-press: #082f75;--success-light: #f0f8f1;--background-light-blue: #f4f7fc;--background-white: #ffffff;--premium-dark: #877440;--premium-light: #f9f6ed;--stroke-white: #ffffff;--inactive-content: #b1b1ba;--annotate-light: #a35dff;--annotate-dark: #824acc;--grid: #eef2f9;--button-secondary-stroke: #cddaef;--button-secondary-stroke-hover: #c8c8cf;--button-secondary-stroke-press: #0645b1;--button-secondary-text-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-primary-icon: #ffffff;--button-secondary-icon: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-hover: #e6ecf7;--inactive-stroke: #ebebee;--shadow: rgba(34, 34, 51, 0.25);--button-primary-fill-inverse: #ffffff;--button-primary-text-inverse: #0645b1;--button-secondary-stroke-inverse: #ffffff;--button-primary-icon-inverse: #0645b1;--button-icon-inactive: #91919e;--button-secondary-fill-inverse: #eef2f9;--button-secondary-icon-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-icon-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-icon-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-text-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-secondary-text-press: #082f75;--text-inactive: #6d6d7d;--text-error: #b60000;--stroke-error: #b60000;--background-error: #fff2f2;--background-black: #141413;--icon-default: #141413;--icon-blue: #0645b1;--background-grey: #dddde2;--icon-grey: #91919e;--button-xs-stroke: #141413;--button-xs-stroke-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-stroke-press: #082f75;--button-xs-stroke-inactive: #0645b1;--button-xs-text: #141413;--button-xs-text-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-text-press: #082f75;--button-xs-text-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-xs-icon: #141413;--button-xs-icon-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-icon-press: #082f75;--button-xs-icon-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-xs-fill: #ffffff;--text-focus: #082f75;--brand-colors-neutral-black: #141413;--brand-colors-neutral-900: #535366;--brand-colors-neutral-800: #6d6d7d;--brand-colors-neutral-700: #91919e;--brand-colors-neutral-600: #b1b1ba;--brand-colors-neutral-500: #c8c8cf;--brand-colors-neutral-400: #dddde2;--brand-colors-neutral-300: #ebebee;--brand-colors-neutral-200: #f8f8fb;--brand-colors-neutral-100: #fafafa;--brand-colors-neutral-white: #ffffff;--brand-colors-blue-900: #043059;--brand-colors-blue-800: #082f75;--brand-colors-blue-700: #0c3b8d;--brand-colors-blue-600: #0645b1;--brand-colors-blue-500: #386ac1;--brand-colors-blue-400: #cddaef;--brand-colors-blue-300: #e6ecf7;--brand-colors-blue-200: #eef2f9;--brand-colors-blue-100: #f4f7fc;--brand-colors-gold-500: #877440;--brand-colors-gold-400: #e9e3d4;--brand-colors-gold-300: #f2efe8;--brand-colors-gold-200: #f9f6ed;--brand-colors-gold-100: #f9f7f4;--brand-colors-error-900: #920000;--brand-colors-error-500: #b60000;--brand-colors-success-900: #035c0f;--brand-colors-green: #ccffd4;--brand-colors-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--brand-colors-yellow: #f7ffcc;--brand-colors-peach: #ffd4cc;--brand-colors-violet: #f7ccff;--brand-colors-error-100: #fff2f2;--brand-colors-success-500: #05b01c;--brand-colors-success-100: #f0f8f1;--text-secondary: #535366;--icon-white: #ffffff;--background-beige-darker: #f2efe8;--type-font-family-sans-serif: DM Sans;--type-font-family-serif: Gupter;--type-font-family-mono: IBM Plex Mono;--type-weights-300: 300;--type-weights-400: 400;--type-weights-500: SemiBold;--type-weights-700: 700;--type-sizes-12: 12px;--type-sizes-14: 14px;--type-sizes-16: 16px;--type-sizes-18: 18px;--type-sizes-20: 20px;--type-sizes-22: 22px;--type-sizes-24: 24px;--type-sizes-28: 28px;--type-sizes-30: 30px;--type-sizes-32: 32px;--type-sizes-40: 40px;--type-sizes-42: 42px;--type-sizes-48-2: 48px;--type-line-heights-16: 16px;--type-line-heights-23: 23px;--type-line-heights-24: 24px;--type-line-heights-25: 25px;--type-line-heights-26: 26px;--type-line-heights-29: 29px;--type-line-heights-30: 30px;--type-line-heights-32: 32px;--type-line-heights-34: 34px;--type-line-heights-35: 35px;--type-line-heights-36: 36px;--type-line-heights-38: 38px;--type-line-heights-40: 40px;--type-line-heights-46: 46px;--type-line-heights-48: 48px;--type-line-heights-52: 52px;--type-line-heights-58: 58px;--type-line-heights-68: 68px;--type-line-heights-74: 74px;--type-line-heights-82: 82px;--type-paragraph-spacings-0: 0px;--type-paragraph-spacings-4: 4px;--type-paragraph-spacings-16: 16px;--type-sans-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-xl-size: 42px;--type-sans-serif-xl-line-height: 46px;--type-sans-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-lg-size: 32px;--type-sans-serif-lg-line-height: 38px;--type-sans-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-md-line-height: 34px;--type-sans-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-size: 28px;--type-sans-serif-xs-font-weight: 700;--type-sans-serif-xs-line-height: 25px;--type-sans-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-sans-serif-xs-size: 20px;--type-sans-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-sm-line-height: 30px;--type-sans-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-sm-size: 24px;--type-body-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xl-size: 24px;--type-body-xl-line-height: 36px;--type-body-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-body-sm-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-line-height: 23px;--type-body-sm-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xs-size: 12px;--type-body-xs-line-height: 16px;--type-body-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-md-font-weight: 400;--type-body-md-size: 16px;--type-body-md-line-height: 24px;--type-body-md-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-body-lg-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-line-height: 29px;--type-body-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-lg-medium-font-weight: SemiBold;--type-body-lg-medium-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-medium-line-height: 32px;--type-body-lg-medium-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-font-weight: SemiBold;--type-body-md-medium-size: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-line-height: 24px;--type-body-md-medium-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-sm-bold-font-weight: 700;--type-body-sm-bold-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-bold-line-height: 23px;--type-body-sm-bold-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-md-size: 40px;--type-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-md-line-height: 48px;--type-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-sm-size: 28px;--type-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-sm-line-height: 36px;--type-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-lg-size: 58px;--type-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-lg-line-height: 68px;--type-serif-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xs-size: 18px;--type-serif-xs-line-height: 24px;--type-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xl-size: 74px;--type-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-line-height: 82px;--type-mono-md-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-md-size: 22px;--type-mono-md-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-lg-size: 40px;--type-mono-lg-line-height: 40px;--type-mono-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-sm-size: 14px;--type-mono-sm-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--spacing-xs-4: 4px;--spacing-xs-8: 8px;--spacing-xs-16: 16px;--spacing-sm-24: 24px;--spacing-sm-32: 32px;--spacing-md-40: 40px;--spacing-md-48: 48px;--spacing-lg-64: 64px;--spacing-lg-80: 80px;--spacing-xlg-104: 104px;--spacing-xlg-152: 152px;--spacing-page-section: 152px;--spacing-card-list-spacing: 48px;--spacing-text-section-spacing: 80px;--spacing-md-xs-headings: 40px;--corner-radius-radius-lg: 16px;--corner-radius-radius-sm: 4px;--corner-radius-radius-md: 8px;--corner-radius-radius-round: 104px;--page-setup-page-width: 1440px;--page-setup-page-margin-page-margin-lg: 156px;--page-setup-page-margin-page-margin-md: 40px;--page-setup-page-margin-page-margin-sm: 24px;--page-setup-margin-l-r: 156px;--buttons-small-buttons-corner-radius: 16px;--buttons-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 20px;--buttons-small-buttons-height: 48px;--buttons-small-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-only-width: 48px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-large-buttons-l-r-padding: 32px;--buttons-large-buttons-height: 64px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-only-width: 64px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-large-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-large-buttons-corner-radius: 16px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 8px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-height: 32px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-icon-size: 16px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-gap: 4px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-corner-radius: 8px}}</style><link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/static/about_dsv3-1c75004e001b54800cb7152f4165f7f0ddc4e14c7a0adc779597b15ce6944db7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/about_hiring/page_header-8ccd7bc24b2fca5ca7dca968974f48ee5ff03637b3bb310ac7949b0f45162837.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/about_hiring/footer-1e3228f5ffe379e6ddb21bde7ee986a5ecf0f248ea89468403c700ab4341f589.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /> </head> <body> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class="js-upgrade-ie-banner" style="display: none; text-align: center; padding: 8px 0; background-color: #ebe480;"><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0 0 4px;">Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0;">To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.querySelector('.js-upgrade-ie-banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script> <div class="ds2-5-sticky"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://www.academia.edu/about","location":"/about","scheme":"https","host":"www.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/about","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="AboutHiringNavbar" data-props="{"unread_mentions_count":0,"messages_count":0}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="AboutHiringNavbar-react-component-1c551eb4-6dd5-45c6-bd12-da24a4310581"></div> <div id="AboutHiringNavbar-react-component-1c551eb4-6dd5-45c6-bd12-da24a4310581"></div> </div> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/about_hiring_dsv3-bundle-b5e7c8d5c110ef6dc6b5a0b602a6b767e3eb5f57d865f7648bb92bc90fa32c12.js"></script><div class="about-page"><div class="page-header"><div class="page-header__content"><div class="page-header__top-section"><div class="page-header__heading">Research for all.</div><div class="page-header__subheading">We are on a mission to accelerate research, advance science, and transform the world.</div></div><div class="page-header__graphic"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/static/hiring/hero-female-scientist-transparent.png" /></div><div class="page-header__stat-group-wrapper"><div class="page-header__stat-group"><div class="page-header__stat"><div class="page-header__stat-number">55M</div><div class="page-header__stat-label">Papers hosted on Academia.edu</div></div><div class="page-header__stat"><div class="page-header__stat-number">277M</div><div class="page-header__stat-label">Members across all disciplines</div></div><div class="page-header__stat"><div class="page-header__stat-number">42%</div><div class="page-header__stat-label">of faculty use Academia.edu every month</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="page-container"><h1 class="hero-text">Our story</h1><ol class="main-content"><li class="section"><div class="heading-marker" id="the-idea"></div><div class="section-title">The idea</div><div class="section-content"><p>Richard Price, the founder of Academia.edu, had the idea for the company when finishing his PhD at Oxford in philosophy.</p><p>As Richard was finishing his PhD, he decided he wanted to have a homepage where he could say “this is who I am; this is what I have been working on; here are my papers.” At the time, Oxford offered a few megabytes of space for personal websites, and you had to write your own HTML, and FTP files to the server yourself. Richard thought “there should be a one-click way of creating a homepage, and uploading papers. Having a homepage shouldn’t require technical ability.” Richard asked a few of his fellow graduate students, and they felt the same way.</p><div class="hero-quote">There should be a one-click way of creating a homepage, and uploading papers.</div><div class="image"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/static/hiring/richard-price-founder.jpg" /><div class="caption">Richard Price, Academia CEO</div></div></div></li><li class="section"><div class="heading-marker" id="growth"></div><div class="section-title">Growth</div><div class="section-content"><p>In the early days, what mattered most of all was growth: growth in users and papers uploaded. In the first few months, we were growing at a linear rate. Some days 37 users would join, the next day 42, the next day 38. We made it to 50,000 users a year later, and someone posted on Facebook “Congratulations; here’s to 500,000 users.” Richard remembers thinking “wow, that is a lot. At a linear rate, that is going to take 10x the amount of time it has taken so far.”</p><p>We started to figure out exponential growth, and we got to 500,000 users, and then quickly to 1 million users. Today 266 million users have joined Academia.edu, and around 140,000 people join Academia.edu each day (Figure 1).</p><div class="hero-quote">Around 140,000 people join Academia.edu each day</div><div class="image"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/static/hiring/registered-users-graph.svg" /><div class="caption">Figure 1. Academia registered users 2008–2024</div></div></div></li><li class="section"><div class="heading-marker" id="mission"></div><div class="section-title">Mission</div><div class="section-content"><p>Academia’s mission is to accelerate the world’s research, believing in the power of science as a transformative lever for technological progress.</p><p>Archimedes' principle, "Give me a lever long enough and a fulcrum on which to place it, and I shall move the world," encapsulates this vision.</p><div class="image"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/static/hiring/archimedes.jpg" /><div class="caption">Archimedes, circa 287 BC</div></div><p>The scientific revolution has significantly driven GDP growth over the past two centuries, as depicted in Figure 2.</p><p>Science has been pivotal in reducing the cost of clean energy (Figure 3) and has drastically decreased the mortality rate for cardiovascular disease over the last 60 years (Figure 4). Moreover, the cost of sequencing a human genome has plummeted from $100 million in 2001 to $500 today (Figure 5).</p><p>Accelerating scientific progress means faster advancements in critical areas such as global poverty reduction, clean energy, disease cures, and the development of aligned superintelligence.</p><div class="image"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/static/hiring/global-gdp-graph.svg" /><div class="caption">Figure 2: Global GDP growth in the last 2000 years</div></div><div class="image"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/static/hiring/energy-prices-graph.svg" /><div class="caption">Figure 3. World-leveled cost of energy by technology 1984–2022</div></div><div class="image"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/static/hiring/heart-disease-mortality-rates-graph.png" /><div class="caption">Figure 4. Age-standardized overall and age-specific premature heart disease mortality rates* among adults aged 25–64 years, 1968–2017</div></div><div class="image"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/static/hiring/human-genome-sequencing-cost-graph.svg" /><div class="caption">Figure 5: Cost of sequencing a full human genome 2001–2022</div></div><div class="hero-quote">If science accelerates, technological progress accelerates</div></div></li><li class="section"><div class="heading-marker" id="results"></div><div class="section-title">Results</div><div class="section-content"><p>We have made significant strides in the academic community by providing a platform for researchers to share papers and collaborate globally. We support the open access movement by allowing instant distribution of research and enabling peer review alongside distribution. The platform has over 250 million users and hosts over 50 million academic papers across various disciplines.</p><p>Academics particularly love the speed at which their research gets read on the Academia.edu platform.</p><div class="testimonials"><div class="testimonials-inner"><div class="testimonial"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/static/hiring/hugh-richmond-testimonial-headshot.png" /><div class="text"><div class="quote">“If I publish in a journal, it takes 2 years to come out, and 17 people read it. If I upload to Academia, 100 people read the paper in the first week.”</div><div class="label"><div class="name">Hugh Richmond</div><div class="position">University of California, Berkeley, English, Professor Emeritus</div></div></div></div><div class="testimonial"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/static/hiring/robert-rosenstone-testimonial-headshot.png" /><div class="text"><div class="quote">“It’s nice to know that one’s work is being recognized around the world. Mentions can also lead to contacts with other scholars.”</div><div class="label"><div class="name">Robert Rosenstone</div><div class="position">Emeritus Professor, Berkeley</div></div></div></div></div><div class="caption">Testimonials from academics who use the Academia.edu platform.</div></div></div></li><li class="section"><div class="heading-marker" id="the-future"></div><div class="section-title">The future</div><div class="section-content"><p>We have built the foundation of Academia.edu, and have started to accelerate the world’s research.</p><p>We are still at day one. Most of the work to accelerate the world’s future lies in the future (Figure 6). I find that inspiring.</p><p>These are Academia’s milestones after 2026 (Figure 6):</p><p><strong>2026: </strong> Have a portfolio of high impact open access academic journals.</p><p><strong>2027: </strong> Have the world’s best paper recommendation system</p><p><strong>2028: </strong> Academics are commenting and engaging daily on the latest results</p><p><strong>2029: </strong> Host 100 million papers</p><div class="image"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/static/hiring/academias-achievements-aspirations-timeline.svg" /><div class="caption">Figure 6. Timeline of Academia’s past achievements and future aspirations</div></div></div></li><li class="section"><div class="heading-marker" id="our-team"></div><div class="section-title">Our team</div><div class="section-content"><ol class="subsections"><li class="subsection"><div class="section-title">Leadership</div><div class="section-content"><p>Academia’s leadership team includes founder and CEO Richard Price, CTO Nate Sullivan, and other key members such as Chief Product & Growth Officer Jason Kellerman, Chief People Officer Em Kintner, and Chief Publishing Officer Delia Mihaila.</p><p>The team brings diverse expertise in academic, technical, financial, and organizational development, driving the company’s strategic and operational success.</p><div class="carousel-wrapper"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Carousel" data-props="{"slides":[{"image":"//a.academia-assets.com/images/static/team/richard.jpg","alt":"","label":{"name":"Richard Price","title":"Chief Executive Officer","links":{"linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/richardprice"}}},{"image":"//a.academia-assets.com/images/static/team/nate.jpg","alt":"","label":{"name":"Nate Sullivan","title":"Chief Technology Officer","links":{"linkedin":"http://www.linkedin.com/in/nate00"}}},{"image":"//a.academia-assets.com/images/static/team/jason_kellerman.jpg","alt":"","label":{"name":"Jason Kellerman","title":"Chief Product and Growth Officer","links":{"linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/jason-kellerman-9b4285"}}},{"image":"//a.academia-assets.com/images/static/team/em_kintner.jpg","alt":"","label":{"name":"Em Kintner","title":"Chief People Officer","links":{"linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/emilie-elmore-kintner/"}}},{"image":"//a.academia-assets.com/images/static/team/delia_mihaila.jpg","alt":"","label":{"name":"Delia Mihaila","title":"Chief Publishing Officer","links":{"linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/delia-mihaila-40928b19/"}}},{"image":"//a.academia-assets.com/images/static/team/yuri.jpg","alt":"","label":{"name":"Yuri Niyazov","title":"VP of Engineering","links":{"linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/yuriniyazov/"}}},{"image":"//a.academia-assets.com/images/static/team/ratish_naroor.jpg","alt":"","label":{"name":"Ratish Naroor","title":"VP of Product, Organic Traffic Growth","links":{"linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/ratishnaroor/"}}},{"image":"//a.academia-assets.com/images/static/team/kristen_walsh.jpg","alt":"","label":{"name":"Kristen Walsh","title":"VP of Talent Acquisition","links":{"linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/kristen-with-an-e/"}}}],"size":"small","format":"left-aligned"}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Carousel-react-component-ef82dfc2-7088-42d3-a9cd-604603f3bb77"></div> <div class="carousel" id="Carousel-react-component-ef82dfc2-7088-42d3-a9cd-604603f3bb77"></div> <div class="caption">Academia's leadership</div></div></div></li><li class="subsection"><div class="section-title">Team</div><div class="section-content"><p>Academia’s team members are mission-oriented, kind, and curious about the world. They come from varied professional backgrounds, including academia, technology, publishing, and engineering.</p><div class="image"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/static/hiring/academia-team-sf-offsite.jpg" /><div class="caption">The Academia Team at a company offsite in San Francisco</div></div></div></li></ol></div></li><li class="section"><div class="heading-marker" id="our-investors"></div><div class="section-title">Our investors</div><div class="section-content"><p>Academia is fortunate to be backed by wonderful investors. Spark Capital is a venture capital firm investing in startups across the technology, media, and entertainment sectors. Tencent Holdings is a Chinese multinational conglomerate holding company known for its investments in internet services and products, entertainment, AI, and technology. Khosla Ventures is a venture capital firm focused on impactful technology investments, founded by Vinod Khosla. True Ventures is a venture capital firm supporting early-stage technology companies.</p><div class="investors"><div class="investors-inner"><div class="investor-row"><div class="img-wrap"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/static/hiring/spark-investor-logo.png" /></div><div class="img-wrap"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/static/hiring/khosla-ventures-investor-logo.png" /></div></div><div class="investor-row"><div class="img-wrap"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/static/hiring/tencent-investor-logo.png" /></div><div class="img-wrap"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/static/hiring/true-ventures-investor-logo.png" /></div></div></div><div class="caption">Academia’s investors</div></div></div></li></ol><div class="page-subnav"><ol><li><a href="#the-idea">1. The idea</a></li><li><a href="#growth">2. Growth</a></li><li><a href="#mission">3. Mission</a></li><li><a href="#results">4. Results</a></li><li><a href="#the-future">5. The future</a></li><li><a href="#our-team">6. Our team</a></li><li><a href="#our-investors">7. Our investors</a></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="about-footer"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/static/hiring/abstract-increasing-chart.png" /><div class="messaging"><div class="message">Join us in advancing science and transforming the world</div><a class="ds2-5-button" href="https://www.academia.edu/openings">View open roles<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></a></div></div> <div class="about-footer-container"><div class="footer-grid"><div class="links-row"><div class="text-column"><div class="academia-logo"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/?source=footer"><img alt="Academia" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/design_system/academia_logo_short_white.svg" /></a></div></div><div class="responsive-two-column-container"><div class="inner-two-column-container"><ul class="single-column"><li class="header">Explore</li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents?source=footer">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics?source=footer">Topics</a></li></ul><ul class="single-column"><li class="header">Features</li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/mentions?source=footer">Mentions</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/analytics?source=footer">Analytics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/research?source=footer">PDF Packages</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/search/advanced?source=footer">Advanced Search</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/saved_searches?source=footer">Search Alerts</a></li></ul></div><div class="inner-two-column-container"><ul class="single-column"><li class="header">Journals</li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals?source=footer">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals/submissions?source=footer">My submissions</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals/submissions?source=footer#reviewer/invitations">Reviewer Hub</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals/about/why-publish-with-us?source=footer">Why publish with us</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals/about/testimonials?source=footer">Testimonials</a></li></ul><ul class="single-column"><li class="header">Company</li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about?source=footer">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/careers?source=footer">Careers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press?source=footer">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://support.academia.edu">Help Center</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/terms?source=footer">Terms</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy?source=footer">Privacy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright?source=footer">Copyright</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="subfooter-row"><div class="academia-logo"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/?source=footer"><img alt="Academia" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/design_system/academia_logo_white.svg" /></a></div><div class="text"><div>580 California St., Suite 400</div><div>San Francisco, CA, 94104</div></div><div class="text"><div><a href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright?source=footer">© 2024 Academia. All rights reserved</a></div></div></div></div></div> </body> </html>