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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Sacrifice (Philosophy)</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">3,774 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Sacrifice (Philosophy)</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Sacrifice_Philosophy_">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63377455" data-work_id="63377455" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63377455/Figure_di_sacrificio_in_epoca_patristica">Figure di sacrificio in epoca patristica</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The use of sacrificial language is a given widely certified by the first Christian authors to describe the redeeming death of Christ and of Christian moral behavior. This article aims to highlight the hermeneutical strategies employed in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_63377455" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The use of sacrificial language is a given widely certified by the first Christian authors to describe the redeeming death of Christ and of Christian moral behavior. This article aims to highlight the hermeneutical strategies employed in dissociating the sacrifice of Christ and of Christians from the connections with Jewish ritual and pagan superstition. From the Patristic period onwards, it is therefore possible to find some criteria to offer to today’s theological research on the use of the references to the world of sacrifices in the proclamation of the faith and that of Christian morals.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63377455" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d1adb31ab4df1391641a50f99c9589a6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75826261,"asset_id":63377455,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75826261/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19172108" href="https://teologiamilano.academia.edu/PierluigiBanna">Pierluigi Banna</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19172108" type="text/json">{"id":19172108,"first_name":"Pierluigi","last_name":"Banna","domain_name":"teologiamilano","page_name":"PierluigiBanna","display_name":"Pierluigi Banna","profile_url":"https://teologiamilano.academia.edu/PierluigiBanna?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19172108/5362146/6122039/s65_pierluigi.banna.jpg_oh_d20c07efdce5bca516db722036d4c6c1_oe_54ac8d3b___gda___1421426090_95f76992ea7080760975df7c9ad78820"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63377455 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63377455"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63377455, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63377455", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=63377455]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_63377455").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_63377455").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63377455"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8570" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_sacrifice_Anthropology_Of_Religion_">Human sacrifice (Anthropology Of Religion)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8570" type="text/json">{"id":8570,"name":"Human sacrifice (Anthropology Of Religion)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_sacrifice_Anthropology_Of_Religion_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11728" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philo_of_Alexandria">Philo of Alexandria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11728" type="text/json">{"id":11728,"name":"Philo of Alexandria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philo_of_Alexandria?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12678" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_">Sacrifice (Philosophy)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12678" type="text/json">{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20260" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origen">Origen</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="20260" type="text/json">{"id":20260,"name":"Origen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origen?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=63377455]'), work: {"id":63377455,"title":"Figure di sacrificio in epoca patristica","created_at":"2021-12-06T12:03:50.404-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/63377455/Figure_di_sacrificio_in_epoca_patristica?f_ri=12678","dom_id":"work_63377455","summary":" The use of sacrificial language is a given widely certified by the first Christian authors to describe the redeeming death of Christ and of Christian moral behavior. This article aims to highlight the hermeneutical strategies employed in dissociating the sacrifice of Christ and of Christians from the connections with Jewish ritual and pagan superstition. From the Patristic period onwards, it is therefore possible to find some criteria to offer to today’s theological research on the use of the references to the world of sacrifices in the proclamation of the faith and that of Christian morals.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75826261,"asset_id":63377455,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19172108,"first_name":"Pierluigi","last_name":"Banna","domain_name":"teologiamilano","page_name":"PierluigiBanna","display_name":"Pierluigi Banna","profile_url":"https://teologiamilano.academia.edu/PierluigiBanna?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19172108/5362146/6122039/s65_pierluigi.banna.jpg_oh_d20c07efdce5bca516db722036d4c6c1_oe_54ac8d3b___gda___1421426090_95f76992ea7080760975df7c9ad78820"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8570,"name":"Human sacrifice (Anthropology Of Religion)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_sacrifice_Anthropology_Of_Religion_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":11728,"name":"Philo of Alexandria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philo_of_Alexandria?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":20260,"name":"Origen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origen?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":22347,"name":"Sacrifice (Anthropology Of Religion)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Anthropology_Of_Religion_?f_ri=12678"},{"id":32510,"name":"Theology of Sacrifice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology_of_Sacrifice?f_ri=12678"},{"id":39414,"name":"Porphyry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Porphyry?f_ri=12678"},{"id":40298,"name":"Sacrifice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice?f_ri=12678"},{"id":87087,"name":"Ambrose of Milan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ambrose_of_Milan?f_ri=12678"},{"id":1218141,"name":"Epistle of Barnabas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistle_of_Barnabas?f_ri=12678"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3582304" data-work_id="3582304" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3582304/Translating_the_Levitical_Sacrifices">Translating the Levitical Sacrifices</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3582304" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="64d7e25abb0c47b18102cbb1809847d1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31286241,"asset_id":3582304,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31286241/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4272534" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelJemphrey">Michael Jemphrey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4272534" type="text/json">{"id":4272534,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Jemphrey","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichaelJemphrey","display_name":"Michael Jemphrey","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelJemphrey?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4272534/1698403/2038438/s65_michael.jemphrey.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3582304 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3582304"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3582304, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3582304", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3582304]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3582304").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3582304").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3582304"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12678" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_">Sacrifice (Philosophy)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12678" type="text/json">{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20772" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Sacrifice_Anthropology_">Animal Sacrifice (Anthropology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20772" type="text/json">{"id":20772,"name":"Animal Sacrifice (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Sacrifice_Anthropology_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22347" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Anthropology_Of_Religion_">Sacrifice (Anthropology Of Religion)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22347" type="text/json">{"id":22347,"name":"Sacrifice (Anthropology Of Religion)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Anthropology_Of_Religion_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3582304]'), work: {"id":3582304,"title":"Translating the Levitical Sacrifices","created_at":"2013-05-21T20:01:02.955-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3582304/Translating_the_Levitical_Sacrifices?f_ri=12678","dom_id":"work_3582304","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31286241,"asset_id":3582304,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4272534,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Jemphrey","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichaelJemphrey","display_name":"Michael Jemphrey","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelJemphrey?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4272534/1698403/2038438/s65_michael.jemphrey.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":20772,"name":"Animal Sacrifice (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Sacrifice_Anthropology_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":22347,"name":"Sacrifice (Anthropology Of Religion)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Anthropology_Of_Religion_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40208612" data-work_id="40208612" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40208612/Jaime_A_Otavo_Lo_tra_gico_en_Marx_un_diagno_stico_de_la_condicio_n_humana_en_el_capitalismo_">Jaime A. Otavo, "Lo trágico en Marx- un diagnóstico de la condición humana en el capitalismo"</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">El presente artículo se enfoca en la idea de lo trágico en Marx. Efectúa una comparación entre El Capital y los Manuscritos de economía y filosofía para concluir que la comprensión de lo que sucede con el ser humano bajo el capitalismo... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40208612" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">El presente artículo se enfoca en la idea de lo trágico en Marx. Efectúa una comparación entre El Capital y los Manuscritos de economía y filosofía para concluir que la comprensión de lo que sucede con el ser humano bajo el capitalismo pasa por entender su condición trágica. Se sostiene que la tragedia es el conflicto entre el ser humano y las condiciones materiales de vida que él produce; conflicto en cuyo desarrollo el ser humano sacrifica sus fuerzas esenciales con la intención de producir nuevos contenidos de vida para él.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40208612" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1463e98a7cd6fad6cf5065e4c974f3a1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60435106,"asset_id":40208612,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60435106/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="82975469" href="https://javeriana.academia.edu/UniversitasPhilosophica">Universitas Philosophica</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="82975469" type="text/json">{"id":82975469,"first_name":"Universitas","last_name":"Philosophica","domain_name":"javeriana","page_name":"UniversitasPhilosophica","display_name":"Universitas Philosophica","profile_url":"https://javeriana.academia.edu/UniversitasPhilosophica?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/82975469/19924504/33254293/s65_universitas.philosophica.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40208612 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40208612"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40208612, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40208612", }); 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Otavo, \"Lo trágico en Marx- un diagnóstico de la condición humana en el capitalismo\"","created_at":"2019-08-29T18:20:12.460-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40208612/Jaime_A_Otavo_Lo_tra_gico_en_Marx_un_diagno_stico_de_la_condicio_n_humana_en_el_capitalismo_?f_ri=12678","dom_id":"work_40208612","summary":"El presente artículo se enfoca en la idea de lo trágico en Marx. Efectúa una comparación entre El Capital y los Manuscritos de economía y filosofía para concluir que la comprensión de lo que sucede con el ser humano bajo el capitalismo pasa por entender su condición trágica. Se sostiene que la tragedia es el conflicto entre el ser humano y las condiciones materiales de vida que él produce; conflicto en cuyo desarrollo el ser humano sacrifica sus fuerzas esenciales con la intención de producir nuevos contenidos de vida para él.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60435106,"asset_id":40208612,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":82975469,"first_name":"Universitas","last_name":"Philosophica","domain_name":"javeriana","page_name":"UniversitasPhilosophica","display_name":"Universitas Philosophica","profile_url":"https://javeriana.academia.edu/UniversitasPhilosophica?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/82975469/19924504/33254293/s65_universitas.philosophica.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":813,"name":"Political 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Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Political_Philosophy?f_ri=12678"},{"id":31000,"name":"Tragedy (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tragedy_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678"},{"id":33298,"name":"Karl Marx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Karl_Marx?f_ri=12678"},{"id":57949,"name":"Modern Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Philosophy?f_ri=12678"},{"id":62582,"name":"Tragedy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tragedy?f_ri=12678"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38754946" data-work_id="38754946" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38754946/The_Enigma_of_Exhaustion">The Enigma of 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(Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":86635,"name":"Negativity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Negativity?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":518470,"name":"Exhaustion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exhaustion?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45696676" data-work_id="45696676" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45696676/Animal_Sacrifice_in_Albee_s_Plays">Animal Sacrifice in Albee’s Plays</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">“Animal Sacrifice in Albee’s Plays and Its Influence on the Contemporary Stage,” Edward Albee: Influence, New Perspec-tives in Edward Albee Studies 4. Edited by Natka Bianchini and John M. Clum (Leiden: Brill, 2021) 46–73.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45696676" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="acda97d258eade188e7eb97ab424c121" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66197659,"asset_id":45696676,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66197659/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7497655" href="https://uni-duesseldorf.academia.edu/PhilippReisner">Philipp Reisner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7497655" type="text/json">{"id":7497655,"first_name":"Philipp","last_name":"Reisner","domain_name":"uni-duesseldorf","page_name":"PhilippReisner","display_name":"Philipp Reisner","profile_url":"https://uni-duesseldorf.academia.edu/PhilippReisner?f_ri=12678","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45696676 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45696676"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45696676, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45696676", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45696676]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45696676").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45696676").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45696676"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2323" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dystopian_Literature">Dystopian Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2323" type="text/json">{"id":2323,"name":"Dystopian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dystopian_Literature?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3439" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caryl_Churchill">Caryl Churchill</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3439" type="text/json">{"id":3439,"name":"Caryl Churchill","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caryl_Churchill?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6222" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drama">Drama</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6222" type="text/json">{"id":6222,"name":"Drama","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drama?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8570" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_sacrifice_Anthropology_Of_Religion_">Human sacrifice (Anthropology Of Religion)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8570" type="text/json">{"id":8570,"name":"Human sacrifice (Anthropology Of Religion)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_sacrifice_Anthropology_Of_Religion_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45696676]'), work: {"id":45696676,"title":"Animal Sacrifice in Albee’s Plays","created_at":"2021-04-06T23:10:25.166-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45696676/Animal_Sacrifice_in_Albee_s_Plays?f_ri=12678","dom_id":"work_45696676","summary":"“Animal Sacrifice in Albee’s Plays and Its Influence on the Contemporary Stage,” Edward Albee: Influence, New Perspec-tives in Edward Albee Studies 4. 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Clum (Leiden: Brill, 2021) 46–73.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66197659,"asset_id":45696676,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7497655,"first_name":"Philipp","last_name":"Reisner","domain_name":"uni-duesseldorf","page_name":"PhilippReisner","display_name":"Philipp Reisner","profile_url":"https://uni-duesseldorf.academia.edu/PhilippReisner?f_ri=12678","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2323,"name":"Dystopian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dystopian_Literature?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":3439,"name":"Caryl Churchill","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caryl_Churchill?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":6222,"name":"Drama","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drama?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":8570,"name":"Human sacrifice (Anthropology Of 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Religion)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Anthropology_Of_Religion_?f_ri=12678"},{"id":32510,"name":"Theology of Sacrifice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology_of_Sacrifice?f_ri=12678"},{"id":33627,"name":"Literary Influence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Influence?f_ri=12678"},{"id":40298,"name":"Sacrifice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice?f_ri=12678"},{"id":58428,"name":"Contemporary American Drama","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_American_Drama?f_ri=12678"},{"id":62582,"name":"Tragedy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tragedy?f_ri=12678"},{"id":163180,"name":"Edward Albee","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Edward_Albee?f_ri=12678"},{"id":583024,"name":"Analysis of Edward Albee's The Zoo Story","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Edward_Albees_The_Zoo_Story?f_ri=12678"},{"id":1214644,"name":"Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Whos_Afraid_of_Virginia_Woolf?f_ri=12678"},{"id":3172857,"name":"Requiem Masses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Requiem_Masses?f_ri=12678"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27792635" data-work_id="27792635" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27792635/On_Violence_Heideggers_Geist_and_Derridas_Phantom">On Violence: Heidegger's Geist and Derrida's Phantom</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">“On Violence: Heidgger’s Geist and Derrida’s Phantom” uses Derrida's "Of Spirit" to investigate the authority of philosophical language and its relationship to history, ideology, and violence.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27792635" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b58ecc77514af88e01c0e7fbd53805cb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48072394,"asset_id":27792635,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48072394/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa 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class="js-view-count-work_27792635 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27792635"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27792635; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27792635]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27792635").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27792635").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27792635"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1697" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence">Violence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1697" type="text/json">{"id":1697,"name":"Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8437" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Martin_Heidegger">Martin Heidegger</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8437" type="text/json">{"id":8437,"name":"Martin Heidegger","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Martin_Heidegger?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12040" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jacques_Derrida">Jacques Derrida</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12040" type="text/json">{"id":12040,"name":"Jacques Derrida","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jacques_Derrida?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12678" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_">Sacrifice (Philosophy)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12678" type="text/json">{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27792635]'), work: {"id":27792635,"title":"On Violence: Heidegger's Geist and Derrida's Phantom","created_at":"2016-08-15T11:31:17.329-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27792635/On_Violence_Heideggers_Geist_and_Derridas_Phantom?f_ri=12678","dom_id":"work_27792635","summary":" “On Violence: Heidgger’s Geist and Derrida’s Phantom” uses Derrida's \"Of Spirit\" to investigate the authority of philosophical language and its relationship to history, ideology, and violence. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48072394,"asset_id":27792635,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38672116,"first_name":"Cara","last_name":"Greene","domain_name":"coloradocollege","page_name":"CaraGreene","display_name":"Cara S Greene","profile_url":"https://coloradocollege.academia.edu/CaraGreene?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38672116/10729518/115154330/s65_cara.greene.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1697,"name":"Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":8437,"name":"Martin Heidegger","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Martin_Heidegger?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":12040,"name":"Jacques Derrida","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jacques_Derrida?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1050131" data-work_id="1050131" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1050131/Abraham_and_Isaac">Abraham and Isaac</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1050131" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="444453331677c5f3474e0d6c952d4790" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":6419335,"asset_id":1050131,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/6419335/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="118841" href="https://cuni.academia.edu/JamesMensch">James Mensch</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="118841" type="text/json">{"id":118841,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Mensch","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"JamesMensch","display_name":"James Mensch","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/JamesMensch?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/118841/31928/20904238/s65_james.mensch.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1050131 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1050131"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1050131, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1050131", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1050131]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1050131").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1050131").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1050131"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6528" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biblical_Studies">Biblical Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6528" type="text/json">{"id":6528,"name":"Biblical Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biblical_Studies?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12678" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_">Sacrifice (Philosophy)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12678" type="text/json">{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="285609" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kier">Kier</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="285609" type="text/json">{"id":285609,"name":"Kier","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kier?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1050131]'), work: {"id":1050131,"title":"Abraham and Isaac","created_at":"2011-10-29T01:51:19.745-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1050131/Abraham_and_Isaac?f_ri=12678","dom_id":"work_1050131","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":6419335,"asset_id":1050131,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":118841,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Mensch","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"JamesMensch","display_name":"James Mensch","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/JamesMensch?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/118841/31928/20904238/s65_james.mensch.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6528,"name":"Biblical Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biblical_Studies?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":285609,"name":"Kier","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kier?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_878097" data-work_id="878097" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/878097/Kants_Sacrificial_Turns">Kant's Sacrificial Turns</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper addresses the role of the notion of sacrifice in Kant’s theoretical philosophy, practical philosophy, and in his account of religion. First, I argue that kenotic sacrifice, or sacrifice as “withdrawal”, plays a hidden and yet... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_878097" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper addresses the role of the notion of sacrifice in Kant’s theoretical philosophy, practical philosophy, and in his account of religion. <br />First, I argue that kenotic sacrifice, or sacrifice as “withdrawal”, plays a hidden and yet important role in the development of Kant’s transcendental philosophy. Second, I focus on Kant’s practical philosophy, arguing that the notion of sacrifice that is both implied and explicitly analyzed by Kant is mainly suppressive sacrifice. However, Kant’s account is fundamentally ambiguous, as sometimes the kenotic meaning of sacrifice seems to resurface, especially in the context of Kant’s discussion of the happiness of others as an end in itself. Because religious notions are regarded by Kant as necessary transitional forms (Darstellungen) to be used to make moral ideas applicable to the world, I then scrutinize Kant’s view of sacrifice as an improper symbol, and I analyze Kant’s arguments for such a dismissal and discuss the subject matter in recent literature. Finally, I examine the role of sacrifice in Kant’s account of Christ as the prototype of pure moral disposition. I conclude by arguing that Kant indeed grasped the importance of including kenotic dynamics in practical philosophy but was somehow unable or unwilling to integrate it into the formal grounding of his ethics. This tension, however, effectively provides an entry point for features that can be found in the post-Kantians.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/878097" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9fc65f2d47cb6f13d414900b677a875b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44940489,"asset_id":878097,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44940489/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2487" href="https://unito.academia.edu/PaoloDiegoBubbio">Paolo Diego Bubbio</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2487" type="text/json">{"id":2487,"first_name":"Paolo Diego","last_name":"Bubbio","domain_name":"unito","page_name":"PaoloDiegoBubbio","display_name":"Paolo Diego Bubbio","profile_url":"https://unito.academia.edu/PaoloDiegoBubbio?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2487/1137/1072454/s65_paolo_diego.bubbio.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_878097 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="878097"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 878097, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_878097", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=878097]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_878097").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_878097").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="878097"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="849" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kant">Kant</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="849" type="text/json">{"id":849,"name":"Kant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kant?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12678" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_">Sacrifice (Philosophy)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12678" type="text/json">{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=878097]'), work: {"id":878097,"title":"Kant's Sacrificial Turns","created_at":"2011-09-02T00:29:17.863-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/878097/Kants_Sacrificial_Turns?f_ri=12678","dom_id":"work_878097","summary":"This paper addresses the role of the notion of sacrifice in Kant’s theoretical philosophy, practical philosophy, and in his account of religion. \r\nFirst, I argue that kenotic sacrifice, or sacrifice as “withdrawal”, plays a hidden and yet important role in the development of Kant’s transcendental philosophy. Second, I focus on Kant’s practical philosophy, arguing that the notion of sacrifice that is both implied and explicitly analyzed by Kant is mainly suppressive sacrifice. However, Kant’s account is fundamentally ambiguous, as sometimes the kenotic meaning of sacrifice seems to resurface, especially in the context of Kant’s discussion of the happiness of others as an end in itself. Because religious notions are regarded by Kant as necessary transitional forms (Darstellungen) to be used to make moral ideas applicable to the world, I then scrutinize Kant’s view of sacrifice as an improper symbol, and I analyze Kant’s arguments for such a dismissal and discuss the subject matter in recent literature. Finally, I examine the role of sacrifice in Kant’s account of Christ as the prototype of pure moral disposition. I conclude by arguing that Kant indeed grasped the importance of including kenotic dynamics in practical philosophy but was somehow unable or unwilling to integrate it into the formal grounding of his ethics. This tension, however, effectively provides an entry point for features that can be found in the post-Kantians.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44940489,"asset_id":878097,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2487,"first_name":"Paolo Diego","last_name":"Bubbio","domain_name":"unito","page_name":"PaoloDiegoBubbio","display_name":"Paolo Diego Bubbio","profile_url":"https://unito.academia.edu/PaoloDiegoBubbio?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2487/1137/1072454/s65_paolo_diego.bubbio.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":849,"name":"Kant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kant?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12474311" data-work_id="12474311" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12474311/Politics_and_the_Sacred_Cambridge_University_Press_2015">Politics and the Sacred, Cambridge University Press 2015</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This path-breaking book argues that practices of the sacred are consti- tutive of modern secular politics. Following a tradition of enquiry in anthropology and political theory, it examines how limit situations shape the political... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12474311" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This path-breaking book argues that practices of the sacred are consti- tutive of modern secular politics. Following a tradition of enquiry in anthropology and political theory, it examines how limit situations shape the political imagination and collective identity. As an experiential and cultural fact, the sacred emerges within, and simultaneously transcends, transgressive dynamics such as revolutions, wars, or globalisation. Rather than conceive the sacred as a religious doctrine or a metaphysical belief, Wydra examines its adaptive functions as origins, truths, and order which are historically contingent across time and transformative of political aspirations. He suggests that the brokenness of political reality is a permanent condition of humanity, which will continue to produce quests for the sacred, and transcendental political frames. Working in the spirit of the genealogical mode of enquiry, this book examines the secular sources of political theologies, the democratic sacred, the communist imagination, European political identity, the sources of human rights, and the relationship of victimhood to new wars.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12474311" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c6895f5c8a39487310e55a50e33021ad" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37682897,"asset_id":12474311,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37682897/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5245052" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/HaraldWydra">Harald Wydra</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5245052" type="text/json">{"id":5245052,"first_name":"Harald","last_name":"Wydra","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"HaraldWydra","display_name":"Harald Wydra","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/HaraldWydra?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5245052/4316549/7439473/s65_harald.wydra.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12474311 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12474311"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12474311, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12474311", }); 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Following a tradition of enquiry in anthropology and political theory, it examines how limit situations shape the political imagination and collective identity. As an experiential and cultural fact, the sacred emerges within, and simultaneously transcends, transgressive dynamics such as revolutions, wars, or globalisation. Rather than conceive the sacred as a religious doctrine or a metaphysical belief, Wydra examines its adaptive functions as origins, truths, and order which are historically contingent across time and transformative of political aspirations. He suggests that the brokenness of political reality is a permanent condition of humanity, which will continue to produce quests for the sacred, and transcendental political frames. Working in the spirit of the genealogical mode of enquiry, this book examines the secular sources of political theologies, the democratic sacred, the communist imagination, European political identity, the sources of human rights, and the relationship of victimhood to new wars.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37682897,"asset_id":12474311,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5245052,"first_name":"Harald","last_name":"Wydra","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"HaraldWydra","display_name":"Harald Wydra","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/HaraldWydra?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5245052/4316549/7439473/s65_harald.wydra.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":209,"name":"Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":792,"name":"Historical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Anthropology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":796,"name":"Comparative Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics?f_ri=12678"},{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=12678"},{"id":954,"name":"Social Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Anthropology?f_ri=12678"},{"id":1441,"name":"Philosophical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Anthropology?f_ri=12678"},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=12678"},{"id":3059,"name":"Religion and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_Politics?f_ri=12678"},{"id":3472,"name":"Political Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Anthropology?f_ri=12678"},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=12678"},{"id":9802,"name":"Liminality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liminality?f_ri=12678"},{"id":11495,"name":"Culture and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture_and_Politics?f_ri=12678"},{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678"},{"id":14104,"name":"Political Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theology?f_ri=12678"},{"id":17918,"name":"Intellectual and cultural history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_and_cultural_history?f_ri=12678"},{"id":22347,"name":"Sacrifice (Anthropology Of Religion)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Anthropology_Of_Religion_?f_ri=12678"},{"id":25111,"name":"Mimetic Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mimetic_Theory?f_ri=12678"},{"id":28773,"name":"Political Ethnography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Ethnography?f_ri=12678"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33592216" data-work_id="33592216" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33592216/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%85_%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85">Жертвоприношение в архаических верованиях и культах</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">В статье исследуется специфика жертвоприношения в архаических верованиях и культах, а так же подчеркивается непродуктивность изучения жертвоприношения архаических культов через категориальный аппарат авраамических религий. Анализируются... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33592216" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">В статье исследуется специфика жертвоприношения в архаических верованиях и культах, а так же подчеркивается непродуктивность изучения жертвоприношения архаических культов через категориальный аппарат авраамических религий. Анализируются особенности архаического жертвоприношения такие как: невыраженный характер идеи искупления; тяготение его к сложной структуре, характеризующейся множественностью актов; подвижность сроков и места его проведения; отношение к суррогатной жертве.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33592216" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1622c66ae7b612ce0692828e6b2d8aaa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53613200,"asset_id":33592216,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53613200/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11454735" href="https://urfu.academia.edu/OlesyaKuznetsova">Olesya Kuznetsova</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11454735" type="text/json">{"id":11454735,"first_name":"Olesya","last_name":"Kuznetsova","domain_name":"urfu","page_name":"OlesyaKuznetsova","display_name":"Olesya Kuznetsova","profile_url":"https://urfu.academia.edu/OlesyaKuznetsova?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11454735/5732749/20964466/s65_olesya.kuznetsova.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33592216 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33592216"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33592216, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33592216", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33592216]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33592216").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33592216").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33592216"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="122" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion">Comparative Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="122" type="text/json">{"id":122,"name":"Comparative Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7833" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Study_of_Religions">Study of Religions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7833" type="text/json">{"id":7833,"name":"Study of Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Study_of_Religions?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8570" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_sacrifice_Anthropology_Of_Religion_">Human sacrifice (Anthropology Of Religion)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8570" type="text/json">{"id":8570,"name":"Human sacrifice (Anthropology Of Religion)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_sacrifice_Anthropology_Of_Religion_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12678" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_">Sacrifice (Philosophy)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12678" type="text/json">{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33592216]'), work: {"id":33592216,"title":"Жертвоприношение в архаических верованиях и культах","created_at":"2017-06-21T09:47:01.833-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33592216/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%85_%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85?f_ri=12678","dom_id":"work_33592216","summary":"В статье исследуется специфика жертвоприношения в архаических верованиях и культах, а так же подчеркивается непродуктивность изучения жертвоприношения архаических культов через категориальный аппарат авраамических религий. Анализируются особенности архаического жертвоприношения такие как: невыраженный характер идеи искупления; тяготение его к сложной структуре, характеризующейся множественностью актов; подвижность сроков и места его проведения; отношение к суррогатной жертве.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53613200,"asset_id":33592216,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11454735,"first_name":"Olesya","last_name":"Kuznetsova","domain_name":"urfu","page_name":"OlesyaKuznetsova","display_name":"Olesya Kuznetsova","profile_url":"https://urfu.academia.edu/OlesyaKuznetsova?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11454735/5732749/20964466/s65_olesya.kuznetsova.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":122,"name":"Comparative Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":7833,"name":"Study of Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Study_of_Religions?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":8570,"name":"Human sacrifice (Anthropology Of Religion)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_sacrifice_Anthropology_Of_Religion_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":22347,"name":"Sacrifice (Anthropology Of Religion)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Anthropology_Of_Religion_?f_ri=12678"},{"id":94210,"name":"жертвоприношение как феномен культуры","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/zhiertvoprinoshieniie_kak_fienomien_kultury?f_ri=12678"},{"id":600815,"name":"Религия","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F?f_ri=12678"},{"id":1972320,"name":"Антропология религии","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8?f_ri=12678"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12540613" data-work_id="12540613" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12540613/Women_s_experience_of_violence_in_the_aftermath_of_the_Black_Saturday_bushfires">Women’s experience of violence in the aftermath of the Black Saturday bushfires</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This thesis documents the first Australian research to interview women about their experiences of domestic violence after catastrophic disaster. As such research is rare in developed countries, it addresses a gap in the disaster... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12540613" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This thesis documents the first Australian research to interview women about their experiences of domestic violence after catastrophic disaster. As such research is rare in developed countries, it addresses a gap in the disaster literature. Interviews with 30 women in two shires in Victoria confirmed that domestic violence increased following the Black Saturday bushfires on 7th February, 2009. The scant research that exists internationally indicates that not only is the notion of ‘women and children first’ a myth, but that women are disproportionally affected by disasters primarily as a result of their poverty relative to men and prescribed gender roles. This research found that women experiencing increased male violence were silenced in preference of supporting suffering men – men who had been heroes in the fires or were traumatised or unemployed as a result of the disaster. The silencing was evident in the lack of statistics on domestic violence in the aftermath of Black Saturday, the neglect of this issue in recovery and reconstruction operations, and the responses to women’s reports of violence against them by legal, community and health professionals. Three broad explanations for increased domestic violence after Black Saturday are identified – drawn from empirical findings from the field and the research literature. Theoretical concepts from two disparate fields – sacrifice and male privilege – help to explain a key finding that women’s right to live free from violence is conditional. Indeed, the aftermath of Black Saturday presents Australians with the opportunity to see how deeply embedded misogyny is and how fragile our attempts to criminalise domestic violence and hold violent men accountable for their actions. The post-disaster period – characterised as it is by men in uniforms on the ground working, saving, rescuing and restoring; powerful imagery about the role of wives and mothers; increased violence by men; mandatory care-loads for women; and the suffering of good men – presents fertile ground for the fortification of male hegemony. Yet, post-disaster change does not have to be regressive, reinstating and reinforcing the traditional inequitable structure – a structure that has high costs for men and women. An emergency management response to disaster that has embedded gender equity at all levels, together with education of communities on the contribution of strict gender roles to suffering in disaster’s aftermath, could exemplify and hasten a more equal society where men’s violence against women is rare.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12540613" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="92cf95355ef40e0613613359edd118e1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37713736,"asset_id":12540613,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37713736/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="518425" href="https://monash.academia.edu/DebraParkinson">Debra Parkinson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="518425" type="text/json">{"id":518425,"first_name":"Debra","last_name":"Parkinson","domain_name":"monash","page_name":"DebraParkinson","display_name":"Debra Parkinson","profile_url":"https://monash.academia.edu/DebraParkinson?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/518425/181901/212046/s65_deb.parkinson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12540613 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12540613"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12540613, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12540613", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12540613]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12540613").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12540613").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12540613"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="696" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies">Gender Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="696" type="text/json">{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="975" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_and_Gender">Sex and Gender</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="975" type="text/json">{"id":975,"name":"Sex and Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_and_Gender?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2865" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Masculinity_Studies">Masculinity Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2865" type="text/json">{"id":2865,"name":"Masculinity Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Masculinity_Studies?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3995" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_risk_management">Disaster risk management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3995" type="text/json">{"id":3995,"name":"Disaster risk management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_risk_management?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12540613]'), work: {"id":12540613,"title":"Women’s experience of violence in the aftermath of the Black Saturday bushfires","created_at":"2015-05-23T01:43:11.145-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12540613/Women_s_experience_of_violence_in_the_aftermath_of_the_Black_Saturday_bushfires?f_ri=12678","dom_id":"work_12540613","summary":"This thesis documents the first Australian research to interview women about their experiences of domestic violence after catastrophic disaster. As such research is rare in developed countries, it addresses a gap in the disaster literature. Interviews with 30 women in two shires in Victoria confirmed that domestic violence increased following the Black Saturday bushfires on 7th February, 2009. The scant research that exists internationally indicates that not only is the notion of ‘women and children first’ a myth, but that women are disproportionally affected by disasters primarily as a result of their poverty relative to men and prescribed gender roles. This research found that women experiencing increased male violence were silenced in preference of supporting suffering men – men who had been heroes in the fires or were traumatised or unemployed as a result of the disaster. The silencing was evident in the lack of statistics on domestic violence in the aftermath of Black Saturday, the neglect of this issue in recovery and reconstruction operations, and the responses to women’s reports of violence against them by legal, community and health professionals. Three broad explanations for increased domestic violence after Black Saturday are identified – drawn from empirical findings from the field and the research literature. Theoretical concepts from two disparate fields – sacrifice and male privilege – help to explain a key finding that women’s right to live free from violence is conditional. Indeed, the aftermath of Black Saturday presents Australians with the opportunity to see how deeply embedded misogyny is and how fragile our attempts to criminalise domestic violence and hold violent men accountable for their actions. The post-disaster period – characterised as it is by men in uniforms on the ground working, saving, rescuing and restoring; powerful imagery about the role of wives and mothers; increased violence by men; mandatory care-loads for women; and the suffering of good men – presents fertile ground for the fortification of male hegemony. Yet, post-disaster change does not have to be regressive, reinstating and reinforcing the traditional inequitable structure – a structure that has high costs for men and women. An emergency management response to disaster that has embedded gender equity at all levels, together with education of communities on the contribution of strict gender roles to suffering in disaster’s aftermath, could exemplify and hasten a more equal society where men’s violence against women is rare.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37713736,"asset_id":12540613,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":518425,"first_name":"Debra","last_name":"Parkinson","domain_name":"monash","page_name":"DebraParkinson","display_name":"Debra Parkinson","profile_url":"https://monash.academia.edu/DebraParkinson?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/518425/181901/212046/s65_deb.parkinson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":975,"name":"Sex and Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_and_Gender?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":2865,"name":"Masculinity Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Masculinity_Studies?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":3995,"name":"Disaster risk management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_risk_management?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":7490,"name":"Gender Equality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Equality?f_ri=12678"},{"id":8734,"name":"Masculinity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Masculinity?f_ri=12678"},{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678"},{"id":15582,"name":"Disaster Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_Management?f_ri=12678"},{"id":22347,"name":"Sacrifice (Anthropology Of Religion)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Anthropology_Of_Religion_?f_ri=12678"},{"id":32510,"name":"Theology of Sacrifice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology_of_Sacrifice?f_ri=12678"},{"id":75496,"name":"Emergency planning and management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emergency_planning_and_management?f_ri=12678"},{"id":80087,"name":"Hegemonic Masculinity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hegemonic_Masculinity?f_ri=12678"},{"id":82557,"name":"Disaster risk reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_risk_reduction?f_ri=12678"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37595471" data-work_id="37595471" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37595471/Le_sacrifice_et_la_cr%C3%A9ation_dans_l_%C5%93uvre_d_Antonin_Artaud_Georges_Bataille_et_Sergue%C3%AF_M_Eisenstein">Le sacrifice et la création dans l’œuvre d’Antonin Artaud, Georges Bataille et Sergueï M. Eisenstein</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"Le sacrifice et la création dans l’œuvre d’Antonin Artaud, Georges Bataille et Sergueï M. Eisenstein », in Le sacrifice et le don : Représentations dans la littérature et les arts francophones, sous la direction de Irène Chassaing et... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37595471" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"Le sacrifice et la création dans l’œuvre d’Antonin Artaud, Georges Bataille et Sergueï M. Eisenstein », in Le sacrifice et le don : Représentations dans la littérature et les arts francophones, sous la direction de Irène Chassaing et Juliette Valcke, avec la collaboration de Ziyan Yang, Moncton, Perce-Neige, 2018, pp. 131 - 150.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37595471" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d81e8838ea7bfcf6727e6a5d192901d6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57576591,"asset_id":37595471,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57576591/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36658809" href="https://paris3.academia.edu/OlgaKataeva">Olga Kataeva</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36658809" type="text/json">{"id":36658809,"first_name":"Olga","last_name":"Kataeva","domain_name":"paris3","page_name":"OlgaKataeva","display_name":"Olga Kataeva","profile_url":"https://paris3.academia.edu/OlgaKataeva?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36658809/15625739/20377743/s65_olga.kataeva.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37595471 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37595471"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37595471, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37595471", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37595471]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37595471").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37595471").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37595471"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="928" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies">Media Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="928" type="text/json">{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1555" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Film_Studies">Film Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1555" type="text/json">{"id":1555,"name":"Film Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Film_Studies?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1568" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Film_Theory">Film Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1568" type="text/json">{"id":1568,"name":"Film Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Film_Theory?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1751" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creativity">Creativity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1751" type="text/json">{"id":1751,"name":"Creativity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creativity?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37595471]'), work: {"id":37595471,"title":"Le sacrifice et la création dans l’œuvre d’Antonin Artaud, Georges Bataille et Sergueï M. Eisenstein","created_at":"2018-10-16T09:46:36.347-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37595471/Le_sacrifice_et_la_cr%C3%A9ation_dans_l_%C5%93uvre_d_Antonin_Artaud_Georges_Bataille_et_Sergue%C3%AF_M_Eisenstein?f_ri=12678","dom_id":"work_37595471","summary":"\"Le sacrifice et la création dans l’œuvre d’Antonin Artaud, Georges Bataille et Sergueï M. Eisenstein », in Le sacrifice et le don : Représentations dans la littérature et les arts francophones, sous la direction de Irène Chassaing et Juliette Valcke, avec la collaboration de Ziyan Yang, Moncton, Perce-Neige, 2018, pp. 131 - 150.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57576591,"asset_id":37595471,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36658809,"first_name":"Olga","last_name":"Kataeva","domain_name":"paris3","page_name":"OlgaKataeva","display_name":"Olga Kataeva","profile_url":"https://paris3.academia.edu/OlgaKataeva?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36658809/15625739/20377743/s65_olga.kataeva.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":1555,"name":"Film Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Film_Studies?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":1568,"name":"Film Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Film_Theory?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":1751,"name":"Creativity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creativity?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":3242,"name":"Intermediality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intermediality?f_ri=12678"},{"id":7224,"name":"Antonin Artaud","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antonin_Artaud?f_ri=12678"},{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678"},{"id":12680,"name":"Georges Bataille","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Georges_Bataille?f_ri=12678"},{"id":12974,"name":"Drawing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drawing?f_ri=12678"},{"id":19683,"name":"Philosophy Of Drawing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Drawing?f_ri=12678"},{"id":21220,"name":"Creative thinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creative_thinking?f_ri=12678"},{"id":42298,"name":"Film and Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Film_and_Media_Studies?f_ri=12678"},{"id":62437,"name":"Drawings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drawings?f_ri=12678"},{"id":73713,"name":"Sergei Eisenstein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sergei_Eisenstein?f_ri=12678"},{"id":126713,"name":"Bataille","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bataille?f_ri=12678"},{"id":146926,"name":"History and Theory of Drawing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_Theory_of_Drawing?f_ri=12678"},{"id":953874,"name":"Sergei M. Eisenstein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sergei_M._Eisenstein?f_ri=12678"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_213559" data-work_id="213559" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/213559/Bataille_and_the_Writing_of_Sacrifice">Bataille and the Writing of Sacrifice</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/213559" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dcee1602f93b4b76fb5be737e39ffffa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":695994,"asset_id":213559,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/695994/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="118240" href="https://mercy.academia.edu/DavidKilpatrick">David Kilpatrick</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="118240" type="text/json">{"id":118240,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Kilpatrick","domain_name":"mercy","page_name":"DavidKilpatrick","display_name":"David Kilpatrick","profile_url":"https://mercy.academia.edu/DavidKilpatrick?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/118240/31770/28008599/s65_david.kilpatrick.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_213559 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="213559"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 213559, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_213559", }); 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Kaputt, La pelle e la caduta della civiltà europea</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Introduzione e indice</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41039059" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="51a00d9dee5ef5f12423c2a3c9ec2140" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61314787,"asset_id":41039059,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61314787/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="136566895" href="https://bard.academia.edu/FrancoBaldasso">Franco Baldasso</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="136566895" type="text/json">{"id":136566895,"first_name":"Franco","last_name":"Baldasso","domain_name":"bard","page_name":"FrancoBaldasso","display_name":"Franco Baldasso","profile_url":"https://bard.academia.edu/FrancoBaldasso?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/136566895/36267017/31126343/s65_franco.baldasso.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41039059 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41039059"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41039059, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41039059", }); 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itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4026695/_Sacrifice_by_Jacques_Derrida_2013_">"Sacrifice," by Jacques Derrida (2013)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4026695" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fd43b8d6ebcc4e0236f90eed7d5053e4" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":29102,"name":"Theatre","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theatre?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4026695]'), work: {"id":4026695,"title":"\"Sacrifice,\" by Jacques Derrida (2013)","created_at":"2013-07-14T09:14:21.872-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4026695/_Sacrifice_by_Jacques_Derrida_2013_?f_ri=12678","dom_id":"work_4026695","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31568428,"asset_id":4026695,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":433395,"first_name":"Perry","last_name":"Zurn","domain_name":"american","page_name":"PerryZurn","display_name":"Perry 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work_43616729" data-work_id="43616729" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43616729/Sacrifice_A_care_ethical_reappraisal_of_sacrifice_and_self_sacrifice_Inge_van_Nistelrooij">Sacrifice A care-ethical reappraisal of sacrifice and self-sacrifice Inge van Nistelrooij</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">My PhD thesis as defended 15 January 2014, and publicly avaible at <a href="https://www.uvh.nl/onderzoek/publicaties/wetenschappelijke-publicaties-inge-van-nistelrooij?1ctrl" rel="nofollow">https://www.uvh.nl/onderzoek/publicaties/wetenschappelijke-publicaties-inge-van-nistelrooij?1ctrl</a></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a 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class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="107268038" href="https://uvh.academia.edu/IngeVanNistelrooij">Inge Van Nistelrooij</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="107268038" type="text/json">{"id":107268038,"first_name":"Inge","last_name":"Van Nistelrooij","domain_name":"uvh","page_name":"IngeVanNistelrooij","display_name":"Inge Van Nistelrooij","profile_url":"https://uvh.academia.edu/IngeVanNistelrooij?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/107268038/42369947/34020837/s65_inge.van_nistelrooij.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43616729 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43616729"><i class="u-m1x fa 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology">Theology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1302" type="text/json">{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5114" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hermeneutics">Hermeneutics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5114" type="text/json">{"id":5114,"name":"Hermeneutics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hermeneutics?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5178" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenology">Phenomenology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5178" type="text/json">{"id":5178,"name":"Phenomenology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9519" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paul_Ricoeur">Paul Ricoeur</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9519" type="text/json">{"id":9519,"name":"Paul Ricoeur","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paul_Ricoeur?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43616729]'), work: {"id":43616729,"title":"Sacrifice A care-ethical reappraisal of sacrifice and self-sacrifice Inge van Nistelrooij","created_at":"2020-07-14T06:55:43.574-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43616729/Sacrifice_A_care_ethical_reappraisal_of_sacrifice_and_self_sacrifice_Inge_van_Nistelrooij?f_ri=12678","dom_id":"work_43616729","summary":"My PhD thesis as defended 15 January 2014, and publicly avaible at https://www.uvh.nl/onderzoek/publicaties/wetenschappelijke-publicaties-inge-van-nistelrooij?1ctrl","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63918060,"asset_id":43616729,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":107268038,"first_name":"Inge","last_name":"Van Nistelrooij","domain_name":"uvh","page_name":"IngeVanNistelrooij","display_name":"Inge Van Nistelrooij","profile_url":"https://uvh.academia.edu/IngeVanNistelrooij?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/107268038/42369947/34020837/s65_inge.van_nistelrooij.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":5114,"name":"Hermeneutics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hermeneutics?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":5178,"name":"Phenomenology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":9519,"name":"Paul Ricoeur","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paul_Ricoeur?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":10453,"name":"Feminism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminism?f_ri=12678"},{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678"},{"id":15349,"name":"Jean-Luc Marion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jean-Luc_Marion?f_ri=12678"},{"id":17990,"name":"Care Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Care_Ethics?f_ri=12678"},{"id":34449,"name":"Axel Honneth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Axel_Honneth?f_ri=12678"},{"id":60209,"name":"Nel Noddings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nel_Noddings?f_ri=12678"},{"id":66053,"name":"Joan Tronto","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Joan_Tronto?f_ri=12678"},{"id":82376,"name":"The Ethics of Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Ethics_of_Care?f_ri=12678"},{"id":153137,"name":"Margaret Urban Walker","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Margaret_Urban_Walker?f_ri=12678"},{"id":377875,"name":"Self-Sacrifice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self-Sacrifice?f_ri=12678"},{"id":688223,"name":"Politics of Self-sacrifice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_of_Self-sacrifice?f_ri=12678"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38024068" data-work_id="38024068" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38024068/Analysis_of_a_Scapegoat_Sacrifice_at_the_Ancient_Greek_Thargelia_Festival">Analysis of a Scapegoat Sacrifice at the Ancient Greek Thargelia Festival</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This analysis of the Thargelia scapegoat sacrifice from a Durkheimian, evolution theoretical, and behavioral ecologist perspective showed the applicability but also the limits of different theories, meaning that applying multiple theories... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38024068" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This analysis of the Thargelia scapegoat sacrifice from a Durkheimian, evolution theoretical, and behavioral ecologist perspective showed the applicability but also the limits of different theories, meaning that applying multiple theories will lead to richer analyses. The applied theories have one conclusion in common. The sacrifice of the Pharmakoi cannot be reduced to Pierre Bourdieu’s social constructivist idea ‘every established order tends to produce the naturalization of its own arbitrariness’. The construction of tradition seems limited because the sacrifice of the Pharmakoi was a way to deal with objective historical and ecological circumstances. Lubomir Dolezel’s perspective of a religious worldview shows that the Thargelia scapegoat sacrifice crosses the boundaries of what is possible because a godly intervention is anticipated (alethic), holds a clear message of what has to be done because scapegoats are offered as a solution (deontic), is normative in that it describes that the scapegoats personify what is bad and that their sacrifice is good (axiological), and contains the epistemological conviction that the needs of gods can be known since they resemble the needs of mortals in many ways. The combination of the theories in this essay is merely one interpretive framework, but one that is able to contextually understand the Pharmakoi and a ritual that might never be recovered completely.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38024068" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aae989ac751f4431a33ab3a3dd9d3078" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58045694,"asset_id":38024068,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58045694/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4345673" href="https://uva.academia.edu/KennyMacco">Kenny A J Macco</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4345673" type="text/json">{"id":4345673,"first_name":"Kenny","last_name":"Macco","domain_name":"uva","page_name":"KennyMacco","display_name":"Kenny A J Macco","profile_url":"https://uva.academia.edu/KennyMacco?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4345673/1748047/14668181/s65_kenny.a_j_macco.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38024068 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38024068"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38024068, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38024068", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38024068]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38024068").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38024068").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38024068"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="217" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Religion">Sociology of Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="217" type="text/json">{"id":217,"name":"Sociology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Religion?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="255" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology">Evolutionary Psychology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="255" type="text/json">{"id":255,"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38024068]'), work: {"id":38024068,"title":"Analysis of a Scapegoat Sacrifice at the Ancient Greek Thargelia Festival","created_at":"2018-12-22T00:20:55.022-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38024068/Analysis_of_a_Scapegoat_Sacrifice_at_the_Ancient_Greek_Thargelia_Festival?f_ri=12678","dom_id":"work_38024068","summary":"This analysis of the Thargelia scapegoat sacrifice from a Durkheimian, evolution theoretical, and behavioral ecologist perspective showed the applicability but also the limits of different theories, meaning that applying multiple theories will lead to richer analyses. The applied theories have one conclusion in common. The sacrifice of the Pharmakoi cannot be reduced to Pierre Bourdieu’s social constructivist idea ‘every established order tends to produce the naturalization of its own arbitrariness’. The construction of tradition seems limited because the sacrifice of the Pharmakoi was a way to deal with objective historical and ecological circumstances. Lubomir Dolezel’s perspective of a religious worldview shows that the Thargelia scapegoat sacrifice crosses the boundaries of what is possible because a godly intervention is anticipated (alethic), holds a clear message of what has to be done because scapegoats are offered as a solution (deontic), is normative in that it describes that the scapegoats personify what is bad and that their sacrifice is good (axiological), and contains the epistemological conviction that the needs of gods can be known since they resemble the needs of mortals in many ways. The combination of the theories in this essay is merely one interpretive framework, but one that is able to contextually understand the Pharmakoi and a ritual that might never be recovered completely.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58045694,"asset_id":38024068,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4345673,"first_name":"Kenny","last_name":"Macco","domain_name":"uva","page_name":"KennyMacco","display_name":"Kenny A J Macco","profile_url":"https://uva.academia.edu/KennyMacco?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4345673/1748047/14668181/s65_kenny.a_j_macco.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":217,"name":"Sociology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Religion?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":255,"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=12678"},{"id":1047,"name":"Behavioral Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Sciences?f_ri=12678"},{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=12678"},{"id":4058,"name":"Ritual","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ritual?f_ri=12678"},{"id":8570,"name":"Human sacrifice (Anthropology Of Religion)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_sacrifice_Anthropology_Of_Religion_?f_ri=12678"},{"id":10104,"name":"Ancient Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Religion?f_ri=12678"},{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678"},{"id":18118,"name":"Ancient Greek Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Religion?f_ri=12678"},{"id":19694,"name":"Greek Myth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Myth?f_ri=12678"},{"id":22347,"name":"Sacrifice (Anthropology Of Religion)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Anthropology_Of_Religion_?f_ri=12678"},{"id":22878,"name":"Ancient Greek History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_History?f_ri=12678"},{"id":23342,"name":"Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=12678"},{"id":27273,"name":"René Girard","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ren%C3%A9_Girard?f_ri=12678"},{"id":110690,"name":"Polytheism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polytheism?f_ri=12678"},{"id":168013,"name":"Scapegoat Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scapegoat_Theory?f_ri=12678"},{"id":619396,"name":"Anthropology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Religion?f_ri=12678"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12410016" data-work_id="12410016" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12410016/What_About_Suicide_Bombers">What About Suicide Bombers?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Stressing that the pronoun "I" picks out one and only one person in the world (i.e., me), I argue against Hunt (and other like-minded Rand commentators) that the supposed "hard case" of destructive people who do not care for their own... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12410016" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Stressing that the pronoun "I" picks out one and only one person in the world (i.e., me), I argue against Hunt (and other like-minded Rand commentators) that the supposed "hard case" of destructive people who do not care for their own lives poses no special difficulty for rational egoism. I conclude that the proper response to a terse objection like "What about suicide bombers?" is the equally terse assertion "But I don't want to get blown up."</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12410016" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="14c216634a4f9b5f5839894b438c2c26" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56612190,"asset_id":12410016,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56612190/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="90594" href="https://kwantlen.academia.edu/MarcChampagne">Marc Champagne</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="90594" type="text/json">{"id":90594,"first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Champagne","domain_name":"kwantlen","page_name":"MarcChampagne","display_name":"Marc Champagne","profile_url":"https://kwantlen.academia.edu/MarcChampagne?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/90594/25175/116736640/s65_marc.champagne.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12410016 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12410016"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12410016, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12410016", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12410016]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12410016").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12410016").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12410016"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">340</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="122" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion">Comparative Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="122" type="text/json">{"id":122,"name":"Comparative Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="189" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology">Criminology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="189" type="text/json">{"id":189,"name":"Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="201" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology">Political Sociology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="201" type="text/json">{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12410016]'), work: {"id":12410016,"title":"What About Suicide Bombers?","created_at":"2015-05-16T05:05:24.380-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12410016/What_About_Suicide_Bombers?f_ri=12678","dom_id":"work_12410016","summary":"Stressing that the pronoun \"I\" picks out one and only one person in the world (i.e., me), I argue against Hunt (and other like-minded Rand commentators) that the supposed \"hard case\" of destructive people who do not care for their own lives poses no special difficulty for rational egoism. I conclude that the proper response to a terse objection like \"What about suicide bombers?\" is the equally terse assertion \"But I don't want to get blown up.\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56612190,"asset_id":12410016,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":90594,"first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Champagne","domain_name":"kwantlen","page_name":"MarcChampagne","display_name":"Marc Champagne","profile_url":"https://kwantlen.academia.edu/MarcChampagne?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/90594/25175/116736640/s65_marc.champagne.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":122,"name":"Comparative 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/276867/Stasiology_Political_Theology_and_the_Figure_of_the_Sacrificial_Enemy">Stasiology: Political Theology and the Figure of the Sacrificial Enemy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/276867" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8bd012597ec7ce53964f3ca4c2688d8d" rel="nofollow" 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(Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14104" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theology">Political Theology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14104" type="text/json">{"id":14104,"name":"Political Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24086" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carl_Schmitt">Carl Schmitt</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24086" type="text/json">{"id":24086,"name":"Carl Schmitt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carl_Schmitt?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=276867]'), work: {"id":276867,"title":"Stasiology: Political Theology and the Figure of the 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Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":24086,"name":"Carl Schmitt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carl_Schmitt?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5700272" data-work_id="5700272" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5700272/Th%C3%A8se_de_doctorat_D%C3%89CONSTRUIRE_L_ACCOUCHEMENT_%C3%89PIST%C3%89MOLOGIE_DE_LA_NAISSANCE_ENTRE_EXP%C3%89RIENCE_F%C3%89MININE_PH%C3%89NOM%C3%88NE_BIOLOGIQUE_ET_PRAXIS_TECHNOM%C3%89DICALE">Thèse de doctorat: DÉCONSTRUIRE L’ACCOUCHEMENT : ÉPISTÉMOLOGIE DE LA NAISSANCE, ENTRE EXPÉRIENCE FÉMININE, PHÉNOMÈNE BIOLOGIQUE ET PRAXIS TECHNOMÉDICALE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"L’histoire des femmes et les études féministes ont exposé le traitement du corps féminin par la médecine, la pathologisation de l’ensemble du système reproducteur de la femme et, par extension, de l’être des personnes identifiées au sexe... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5700272" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"L’histoire des femmes et les études féministes ont exposé le traitement du corps féminin par la médecine, la pathologisation de l’ensemble du système reproducteur de la femme et, par extension, de l’être des personnes identifiées au sexe féminin. Elles ont aussi démontré le contrôle social exercé sur les femmes justifié par la volonté de surveillance de leurs fonctions procréatrices et de leur sexualité. La médicalisation de l’accouchement a bien été reconnue comme l’une des modalités de ce contrôle. C’est d’abord la mise en doute de l’assertion de la médicalisation de l’accouchement comme mal nécessaire qui a constitué le point d’interrogation à l’origine de cette thèse. Afin de nourrir l’hypothèse, une colligation de données de sources hétérogènes fut entreprise, à la fois à l’échelle historique et au plan disciplinaire, pour constituer une toile sur laquelle pourrait apparaître la nature construite de la dangerosité de la naissance et du bien-fondé de la médicalisation de la maternité, ainsi que les fondements sociopolitiques et rhétoriques de cette construction. Ainsi a-t-on constaté que le langage resserre sur le corps maternel, un cran de plus à chaque décennie, le stigmate mortifère de sa défaillance et de sa dangerosité en même temps qu’il renforce la perspective antinomique des intérêts de la mère et ceux de l’enfant « à naître ». <br />Le corpus général de cette étude sémiotique provient, d’une part, du discours social sur l’enfantement et la périnatalité, de la Renaissance à nos jours, et, d’autre part, d’un corpus délimité (données secondaires) provenant de récits d’accouchements ayant eu lieu au Québec entre 1990 et 2004, ainsi que d’entrevues et d’observations issues de deux études québécoises publiées au milieu des années 2000. <br />Après avoir posé les concepts sémiotiques et les principales théorisations qui ont influencé l’orientation de la recherche, la thèse propose une déconstruction de l’accouchement articulée en quatre axes principaux. Dans un premier temps, elle décortique le paradigme qui domine aujourd’hui tous les modèles de représentations et de narration de la naissance, celui du risque et de la dangerosité, et propose les avenues de la confrontation et du renversement de ce paradigme. La perspective mortifère de la naissance obéit à diverses modalités de la production des faits scientifiques, et ces modalités y sont examinées. Ensuite, à l’issue d’un parcours de l’histoire de l’obstétrique et de la critique de la discipline depuis le 17e siècle sont exposés les moments charnières de la pathologisation et de la performativité obstétricale du corps féminin. Les modes d’opération de l’agir médical comme performance de l’accouchement tels qu’ils se généralisent, s’appesantissent et se ramifient depuis les dernières décennies sont décryptés. Au final, on arrive au constat que la construction performative du corps des femmes est parvenue à l’invalider pour s’y substituer en tant que condition de réalisation et de possibilité de la naissance. Par la suite, le projet propose une exploration d’expériences contemporaines de l’accouchement, afin de saisir comment la performativité obstétricale est vécue, exprimée, observée et traduite – littéralement – par les femmes à travers les récits d’enfantement livrés au tournant du troisième millénaire, plus particulièrement au Québec. Enfin sont décrites les étapes de la construction du modèle sacrificiel de l’enfantement, et de l’accréditation de ce modèle qui, en s’en prenant à son sexe et à sa sexualité, excise la maternité charnelle d’une de ses dimensions signifiantes et met en acte un sacrifice symbolique qui a des effets bien réels et durables, physiques et psychiques, sur les femmes elles-mêmes. Ce dernier axe de l’investigation rend compte de ce qui est sacrifié par le traitement gynécoobstétrical de l’enfantement, et laisse entrevoir à quoi peuvent ressembler les formes de l’expérience dont plusieurs femmes se disent dépossédées et dont elles réclament la reconquête. <br />Cette thèse constitue le prolongement d’une réflexion commencée au Québec il y a une quarantaine d’années sur l’humanisation de la naissance, réflexion menée parallèlement dans plusieurs régions du monde. Elle offre une compréhension de la construction de l’obstétrique-gynécologie depuis ses origines et expose l’évolution de cette construction. Elle se termine sur un cri d’alarme quant au devenir de la mise au monde, à l’heure où dans certains pays les césariennes constituent l’issue de plus de la moitié des grossesses annuellement : le sujet féminin de la génération a-t-il été définitivement sacrifié sur l’autel de la maternité? Se dirige-t-on, dans un avenir proche, vers une ère où la reproduction se réalisera entièrement hors du corps des femmes? Y a-t-il un avenir pour l’enfantement au-delà de l’accouchement technomédical? <br /> <br />Mots-clés : accouchement – naissance – sexualité – expérience – récit – narration – discours – féminisme – corps féminin – sémiotique – épistémologie – pratiques – obstétrique – gynécologie – médicalisation – performativité – risque – violence – sacrifice "</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5700272" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="42ee351e023598a7ec72f55359bcbfbf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32746240,"asset_id":5700272,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32746240/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="316080" href="https://mmhrc.academia.edu/StephanieStAmant">Stéphanie St-Amant</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="316080" type="text/json">{"id":316080,"first_name":"Stéphanie","last_name":"St-Amant","domain_name":"mmhrc","page_name":"StephanieStAmant","display_name":"Stéphanie St-Amant","profile_url":"https://mmhrc.academia.edu/StephanieStAmant?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/316080/78113/84957/s65_st_phanie.st-amant.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5700272 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5700272"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5700272, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5700272", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5700272]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5700272").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5700272").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5700272"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="98" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiotics">Semiotics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="98" type="text/json">{"id":98,"name":"Semiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiotics?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="815" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemology">Epistemology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="815" type="text/json">{"id":815,"name":"Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="850" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Testimony">Testimony</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="850" type="text/json">{"id":850,"name":"Testimony","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Testimony?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6748" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Risk">Sociology of Risk</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6748" type="text/json">{"id":6748,"name":"Sociology of Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Risk?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5700272]'), work: {"id":5700272,"title":"Thèse de doctorat: DÉCONSTRUIRE L’ACCOUCHEMENT : ÉPISTÉMOLOGIE DE LA NAISSANCE, ENTRE EXPÉRIENCE FÉMININE, PHÉNOMÈNE BIOLOGIQUE ET PRAXIS TECHNOMÉDICALE","created_at":"2014-01-13T03:52:58.711-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5700272/Th%C3%A8se_de_doctorat_D%C3%89CONSTRUIRE_L_ACCOUCHEMENT_%C3%89PIST%C3%89MOLOGIE_DE_LA_NAISSANCE_ENTRE_EXP%C3%89RIENCE_F%C3%89MININE_PH%C3%89NOM%C3%88NE_BIOLOGIQUE_ET_PRAXIS_TECHNOM%C3%89DICALE?f_ri=12678","dom_id":"work_5700272","summary":"\"L’histoire des femmes et les études féministes ont exposé le traitement du corps féminin par la médecine, la pathologisation de l’ensemble du système reproducteur de la femme et, par extension, de l’être des personnes identifiées au sexe féminin. Elles ont aussi démontré le contrôle social exercé sur les femmes justifié par la volonté de surveillance de leurs fonctions procréatrices et de leur sexualité. La médicalisation de l’accouchement a bien été reconnue comme l’une des modalités de ce contrôle. C’est d’abord la mise en doute de l’assertion de la médicalisation de l’accouchement comme mal nécessaire qui a constitué le point d’interrogation à l’origine de cette thèse. Afin de nourrir l’hypothèse, une colligation de données de sources hétérogènes fut entreprise, à la fois à l’échelle historique et au plan disciplinaire, pour constituer une toile sur laquelle pourrait apparaître la nature construite de la dangerosité de la naissance et du bien-fondé de la médicalisation de la maternité, ainsi que les fondements sociopolitiques et rhétoriques de cette construction. Ainsi a-t-on constaté que le langage resserre sur le corps maternel, un cran de plus à chaque décennie, le stigmate mortifère de sa défaillance et de sa dangerosité en même temps qu’il renforce la perspective antinomique des intérêts de la mère et ceux de l’enfant « à naître ».\r\nLe corpus général de cette étude sémiotique provient, d’une part, du discours social sur l’enfantement et la périnatalité, de la Renaissance à nos jours, et, d’autre part, d’un corpus délimité (données secondaires) provenant de récits d’accouchements ayant eu lieu au Québec entre 1990 et 2004, ainsi que d’entrevues et d’observations issues de deux études québécoises publiées au milieu des années 2000. \r\nAprès avoir posé les concepts sémiotiques et les principales théorisations qui ont influencé l’orientation de la recherche, la thèse propose une déconstruction de l’accouchement articulée en quatre axes principaux. Dans un premier temps, elle décortique le paradigme qui domine aujourd’hui tous les modèles de représentations et de narration de la naissance, celui du risque et de la dangerosité, et propose les avenues de la confrontation et du renversement de ce paradigme. La perspective mortifère de la naissance obéit à diverses modalités de la production des faits scientifiques, et ces modalités y sont examinées. Ensuite, à l’issue d’un parcours de l’histoire de l’obstétrique et de la critique de la discipline depuis le 17e siècle sont exposés les moments charnières de la pathologisation et de la performativité obstétricale du corps féminin. Les modes d’opération de l’agir médical comme performance de l’accouchement tels qu’ils se généralisent, s’appesantissent et se ramifient depuis les dernières décennies sont décryptés. Au final, on arrive au constat que la construction performative du corps des femmes est parvenue à l’invalider pour s’y substituer en tant que condition de réalisation et de possibilité de la naissance. Par la suite, le projet propose une exploration d’expériences contemporaines de l’accouchement, afin de saisir comment la performativité obstétricale est vécue, exprimée, observée et traduite – littéralement – par les femmes à travers les récits d’enfantement livrés au tournant du troisième millénaire, plus particulièrement au Québec. Enfin sont décrites les étapes de la construction du modèle sacrificiel de l’enfantement, et de l’accréditation de ce modèle qui, en s’en prenant à son sexe et à sa sexualité, excise la maternité charnelle d’une de ses dimensions signifiantes et met en acte un sacrifice symbolique qui a des effets bien réels et durables, physiques et psychiques, sur les femmes elles-mêmes. Ce dernier axe de l’investigation rend compte de ce qui est sacrifié par le traitement gynécoobstétrical de l’enfantement, et laisse entrevoir à quoi peuvent ressembler les formes de l’expérience dont plusieurs femmes se disent dépossédées et dont elles réclament la reconquête. \r\nCette thèse constitue le prolongement d’une réflexion commencée au Québec il y a une quarantaine d’années sur l’humanisation de la naissance, réflexion menée parallèlement dans plusieurs régions du monde. Elle offre une compréhension de la construction de l’obstétrique-gynécologie depuis ses origines et expose l’évolution de cette construction. Elle se termine sur un cri d’alarme quant au devenir de la mise au monde, à l’heure où dans certains pays les césariennes constituent l’issue de plus de la moitié des grossesses annuellement : le sujet féminin de la génération a-t-il été définitivement sacrifié sur l’autel de la maternité? Se dirige-t-on, dans un avenir proche, vers une ère où la reproduction se réalisera entièrement hors du corps des femmes? Y a-t-il un avenir pour l’enfantement au-delà de l’accouchement technomédical?\r\n\r\nMots-clés : accouchement – naissance – sexualité – expérience – récit – narration – discours – féminisme – corps féminin – sémiotique – épistémologie – pratiques – obstétrique – gynécologie – médicalisation – performativité – risque – violence – sacrifice \"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32746240,"asset_id":5700272,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":316080,"first_name":"Stéphanie","last_name":"St-Amant","domain_name":"mmhrc","page_name":"StephanieStAmant","display_name":"Stéphanie St-Amant","profile_url":"https://mmhrc.academia.edu/StephanieStAmant?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/316080/78113/84957/s65_st_phanie.st-amant.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":98,"name":"Semiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiotics?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":815,"name":"Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":850,"name":"Testimony","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Testimony?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":6748,"name":"Sociology of Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Risk?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678"},{"id":31103,"name":"Performativity of Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performativity_of_Gender?f_ri=12678"},{"id":49296,"name":"Birth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birth?f_ri=12678"},{"id":59151,"name":"Childbirth Practices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Childbirth_Practices?f_ri=12678"},{"id":59152,"name":"Medicalization of Childbirth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicalization_of_Childbirth?f_ri=12678"},{"id":66127,"name":"Female Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female_Sexuality?f_ri=12678"},{"id":72978,"name":"Obstetrical Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obstetrical_Violence?f_ri=12678"},{"id":103289,"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gynecology_and_Obstetrics?f_ri=12678"},{"id":1837453,"name":"Childbirth Experience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Childbirth_Experience?f_ri=12678"},{"id":1837503,"name":"Childbirth Narratives","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Childbirth_Narratives?f_ri=12678"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3894655" data-work_id="3894655" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3894655/Hegel_i_zrtvovanje_filozofije_dijalektika_estetike_i_politike_Hegel_und_die_Opferung_der_Philosophie_">Hegel i zrtvovanje filozofije: dijalektika estetike i politike (Hegel und die Opferung der Philosophie)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Dem Aufsatz liegen folgende Fragen zugrunde: Ist es gerechtfertigt, vom Erbe der tragischen Darstellung des Kampfes im Hegelschen Begriff der Philosophie und insbesondere in seiner Konzeption der Dialektik als Be- wegung und... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3894655" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Dem Aufsatz liegen folgende Fragen zugrunde: Ist es gerechtfertigt, vom Erbe der tragischen Darstellung des Kampfes im Hegelschen Begriff der Philosophie und insbesondere in seiner Konzeption der Dialektik als Be- wegung und Geschichtlichkeit des absoluten Geistes zu sprechen? Hat der Versöhnungsbegriff Hegels, der am konkretesten innerhalb des philoso- phischen Gedankens ausgeführt wird, bestimmte Folgen auch für den Be- griff der Philosophie selber? Opfert sich die Philosophie einer endlichen Äußerlichkeit oder bedarf sie selbst eines Opfers, um das philosophische System als solches zu vervollständigen? Kann man auch heutzutage die ge- schichtlichpolitischen Ereignisse und die Vergehen des Rechts als tragisch darstellen und betrachten? Vermag es die Politik noch immer (wie in der Moderne), die Rolle des Schicksals in der griechischen Tragödie zu überne- hmen? Auf solche Fragen werden hier keine endgültigen Antworten gege- ben, es wird vielmehr der Rahmen für weitere Betrachtungen bereitgestellt – innerhalb oder außerhalb der Philosophie Hegels.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3894655" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c3c94533de62c48068b13dbd0347561d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31518165,"asset_id":3894655,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31518165/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="372746" href="https://bg.academia.edu/RastkoJovanov">Rastko Jovanov</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="372746" type="text/json">{"id":372746,"first_name":"Rastko","last_name":"Jovanov","domain_name":"bg","page_name":"RastkoJovanov","display_name":"Rastko Jovanov","profile_url":"https://bg.academia.edu/RastkoJovanov?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/372746/96690/432217/s65_rastko.jovanov.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3894655 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3894655"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3894655, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3894655", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3894655 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3894655; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3894655"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3894655 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3894655"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3894655; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3894655]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3894655").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3894655").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3894655"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="808" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aesthetics">Aesthetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="808" type="text/json">{"id":808,"name":"Aesthetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aesthetics?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="833" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Tragedy">Greek Tragedy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="833" type="text/json">{"id":833,"name":"Greek Tragedy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Tragedy?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1696" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory">Political Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1696" type="text/json">{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3872" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies">War Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3872" type="text/json">{"id":3872,"name":"War Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3894655]'), work: {"id":3894655,"title":"Hegel i zrtvovanje filozofije: dijalektika estetike i politike (Hegel und die Opferung der Philosophie)","created_at":"2013-07-08T07:50:13.950-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3894655/Hegel_i_zrtvovanje_filozofije_dijalektika_estetike_i_politike_Hegel_und_die_Opferung_der_Philosophie_?f_ri=12678","dom_id":"work_3894655","summary":"Dem Aufsatz liegen folgende Fragen zugrunde: Ist es gerechtfertigt, vom Erbe der tragischen Darstellung des Kampfes im Hegelschen Begriff der Philosophie und insbesondere in seiner Konzeption der Dialektik als Be- wegung und Geschichtlichkeit des absoluten Geistes zu sprechen? Hat der Versöhnungsbegriff Hegels, der am konkretesten innerhalb des philoso- phischen Gedankens ausgeführt wird, bestimmte Folgen auch für den Be- griff der Philosophie selber? Opfert sich die Philosophie einer endlichen Äußerlichkeit oder bedarf sie selbst eines Opfers, um das philosophische System als solches zu vervollständigen? Kann man auch heutzutage die ge- schichtlichpolitischen Ereignisse und die Vergehen des Rechts als tragisch darstellen und betrachten? Vermag es die Politik noch immer (wie in der Moderne), die Rolle des Schicksals in der griechischen Tragödie zu überne- hmen? Auf solche Fragen werden hier keine endgültigen Antworten gege- ben, es wird vielmehr der Rahmen für weitere Betrachtungen bereitgestellt – innerhalb oder außerhalb der Philosophie Hegels.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31518165,"asset_id":3894655,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":372746,"first_name":"Rastko","last_name":"Jovanov","domain_name":"bg","page_name":"RastkoJovanov","display_name":"Rastko Jovanov","profile_url":"https://bg.academia.edu/RastkoJovanov?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/372746/96690/432217/s65_rastko.jovanov.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":808,"name":"Aesthetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aesthetics?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":833,"name":"Greek Tragedy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Tragedy?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":3872,"name":"War Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":6202,"name":"German Idealism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_Idealism?f_ri=12678"},{"id":6728,"name":"Philosophy Of Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Law?f_ri=12678"},{"id":7942,"name":"Hegel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hegel?f_ri=12678"},{"id":8477,"name":"Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Joseph_Schelling?f_ri=12678"},{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678"},{"id":15342,"name":"Aesthetics and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aesthetics_and_Politics?f_ri=12678"},{"id":18108,"name":"G.W.F. Hegel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/G.W.F._Hegel?f_ri=12678"},{"id":31000,"name":"Tragedy (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tragedy_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678"},{"id":31670,"name":"Friedrich Hölderlin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Friedrich_H%C3%B6lderlin?f_ri=12678"},{"id":92190,"name":"Ancient Greek Tragedy and its Reception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Tragedy_and_its_Reception?f_ri=12678"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27816716" data-work_id="27816716" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27816716/Walking_off_the_Edge_of_the_World_Sacrifice_Chance_and_Dazzling_Dissolution_in_the_Book_of_Job_and_Ursula_LeGuins_The_Ones_Who_Walk_Away_from_Omelas_">Walking off the Edge of the World: Sacrifice, Chance, and Dazzling Dissolution in the Book of Job and Ursula LeGuin's "The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas"</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article compares Ursula K. Le Guin's short story, " The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas " (1974) to the book of Job. Both stories feature characters who can be read as innocent victims, but whereas the suffering in Le Guin's tale... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27816716" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article compares Ursula K. Le Guin's short story, " The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas " (1974) to the book of Job. Both stories feature characters who can be read as innocent victims, but whereas the suffering in Le Guin's tale benefits many, Job is the victim of useless suffering. Exploring this difference, I draw on George Bataille's theory of sacrifice as useless expenditure, and develop his concept of the " will to chance " in my reading of how each set of characters responds to complex moral impasses. In the end, I read both stories as being about the struggle to create a viable, meaningful life in a world that is unpredictable and structurally unjust.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27816716" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ab308d2ad83c7bbd9b57c8e58fcd7fb8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48099307,"asset_id":27816716,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48099307/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="203487" href="https://uaf.academia.edu/AlexanderHirsch">Alexander K Hirsch</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="203487" type="text/json">{"id":203487,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Hirsch","domain_name":"uaf","page_name":"AlexanderHirsch","display_name":"Alexander K Hirsch","profile_url":"https://uaf.academia.edu/AlexanderHirsch?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/203487/47689/10920621/s65_alexander.hirsch.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27816716 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27816716"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27816716, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27816716", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27816716]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27816716").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27816716").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27816716"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12678" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_">Sacrifice (Philosophy)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12678" type="text/json">{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12680" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Georges_Bataille">Georges Bataille</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12680" type="text/json">{"id":12680,"name":"Georges Bataille","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Georges_Bataille?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19745" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Book_of_Job">Book of Job</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19745" type="text/json">{"id":19745,"name":"Book of Job","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Book_of_Job?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32082" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ursula_K._Le_Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="32082" type="text/json">{"id":32082,"name":"Ursula K. Le Guin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ursula_K._Le_Guin?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27816716]'), work: {"id":27816716,"title":"Walking off the Edge of the World: Sacrifice, Chance, and Dazzling Dissolution in the Book of Job and Ursula LeGuin's \"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas\"","created_at":"2016-08-16T12:38:45.820-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27816716/Walking_off_the_Edge_of_the_World_Sacrifice_Chance_and_Dazzling_Dissolution_in_the_Book_of_Job_and_Ursula_LeGuins_The_Ones_Who_Walk_Away_from_Omelas_?f_ri=12678","dom_id":"work_27816716","summary":"This article compares Ursula K. Le Guin's short story, \" The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas \" (1974) to the book of Job. Both stories feature characters who can be read as innocent victims, but whereas the suffering in Le Guin's tale benefits many, Job is the victim of useless suffering. Exploring this difference, I draw on George Bataille's theory of sacrifice as useless expenditure, and develop his concept of the \" will to chance \" in my reading of how each set of characters responds to complex moral impasses. In the end, I read both stories as being about the struggle to create a viable, meaningful life in a world that is unpredictable and structurally unjust.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48099307,"asset_id":27816716,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":203487,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Hirsch","domain_name":"uaf","page_name":"AlexanderHirsch","display_name":"Alexander K Hirsch","profile_url":"https://uaf.academia.edu/AlexanderHirsch?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/203487/47689/10920621/s65_alexander.hirsch.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":12680,"name":"Georges Bataille","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Georges_Bataille?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":19745,"name":"Book of Job","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Book_of_Job?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":32082,"name":"Ursula K. Le Guin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ursula_K._Le_Guin?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9568630" data-work_id="9568630" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9568630/The_Grolier_Codex_An_Authentic_13th_Century_Maya_Divinatory_Venus_Almanac_New_Revelations_on_the_Oldest_Surviving_Book_on_Paper_from_the_Ancient_Americas_Smoking_Mirror_Dec_2014_Codice_Maya_de_Mexico_CMM_">The Grolier Codex – An Authentic 13th-Century Maya Divinatory Venus Almanac: New Revelations on the Oldest Surviving Book on Paper from the Ancient Americas. (Smoking Mirror, Dec. 2014) (Codice Maya de Mexico, CMM)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The fourth known pre-Columbian Maya codex—the only one discovered in the 20th century—was found by looters in the mid-1960s. First exhibited in New York in 1971, what has come to be known as the Grolier Codex is half of a hybrid-style... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9568630" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The fourth known pre-Columbian Maya codex—the only one discovered in the 20th century—was found by looters in the mid-1960s. First exhibited in New York in 1971, what has come to be known as the Grolier Codex is half of a hybrid-style 20-page, 104-year Mesoamerican divinatory Venus Almanac. With new radiocarbon dates that place it in the 13th century CE, it is likely to be the oldest surviving book on paper from the Americas as well as the only ancient Maya codex now residing in Mexico. Although most Mayanists have accepted it as authentic, based in part on the author’s 40 years of research,* it remains an unacknowledged Mexican national treasure as it has never been officially recognized except in the State of Chiapas. Mesoamerican Venus Almanacs were widely used in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica to regulate practices of sacred warfare and ritual sacrifice, the goal of which was to obtain captives whose blood was shed to invoke the personified forces of rain and fertility. The Grolier Codex offers unique images of 10 of the 20 manifestations of Venus (named in the Maya Dresden Codex), greatly enriching our knowledge of these traditions documented in four other pre-Columbian codices as well as numerous archaeological and ethnohistoric sources. This article is a summary of the talk given on November 7, 2014 to the Pre-Columbian Society of Washington DC and includes a brief history of accounts of the discovery of the Grolier Codex and allegedly associated artifacts; photographic history; outlines the author’s comprehensive program of research, including several new scientific discoveries leading to an interpretation of the Codex—based on the Dresden Codex and other sources; and offers a new Latinized name that recognizes that the “Codex Mayano-Mexicanus” is an authentic ancient book deriving from the Maya culture and now properly residing in Mexico. <br /> <br />          *See <<a href="http://umd.academia.edu/JohnBCarlson" rel="nofollow">http://umd.academia.edu/JohnBCarlson</a>>. <br /> <br />Also utilized as part of the November 7, 2014 talk are TWO 1983 historical STUDY GUIDE documents which can be viewed at the following academia.edu links: <br /> <br />• GROLIER CODEX Page Study Guide: Pages 1-9 and Reconstructed Page 10/11 (1983):  <br /> <br /><a href="https://www.academia.edu/7911420/GROLIER_CODEX_Page_Study_Guide_Pages_1-9_and_Reconstructed_Page_10_11" rel="nofollow">https://www.academia.edu/7911420/GROLIER_CODEX_Page_Study_Guide_Pages_1-9_and_Reconstructed_Page_10_11</a> <br /> <br />• GROLIER CODEX Comparative Study Guide (1983): Grolier pages 1-9 and reconstructed page 10/11 with Maya Dresden Codex Venus Almanac page numbers 48/1 – 50/2 with Venus Station and Directional Associations; Names (on Dresden Rows 17 & 22) of the associated Venus Impersonators; and Initial (1983) interpretations of the Grolier Codex scenes & iconographic interpretations. Over the three decades since 1983, some of the glyphic and iconographic interpretations have changed, as discussed in the presentation. The details are in press: <br /> <br /><a href="https://www.academia.edu/9208071/GROLIER_CODEX_Comparative_Study_Guide_1983_" rel="nofollow">https://www.academia.edu/9208071/GROLIER_CODEX_Comparative_Study_Guide_1983_</a> <br /> <br />***** <br /> <br />This article has been posted on Academia.edu as part of the Grolier Codex Project of the Center for Archaeoastronomy under the directorship of John B. Carlson, Ph.D.  The Grolier Codex Project seeks to further advance the study of the Maya Grolier Codex.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9568630" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3754db786681496f2361a30eac9d219c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36065456,"asset_id":9568630,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36065456/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2267026" href="https://umd.academia.edu/JohnBCarlson">John B Carlson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2267026" type="text/json">{"id":2267026,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Carlson","domain_name":"umd","page_name":"JohnBCarlson","display_name":"John B Carlson","profile_url":"https://umd.academia.edu/JohnBCarlson?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2267026/2964703/3476006/s65_john_b..carlson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9568630 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9568630"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9568630, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9568630", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9568630]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9568630").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9568630").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9568630"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">275</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="122" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion">Comparative Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="122" type="text/json">{"id":122,"name":"Comparative Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore">Mythology And Folklore</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123" type="text/json">{"id":123,"name":"Mythology And Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9568630]'), work: {"id":9568630,"title":"The Grolier Codex – An Authentic 13th-Century Maya Divinatory Venus Almanac: New Revelations on the Oldest Surviving Book on Paper from the Ancient Americas. (Smoking Mirror, Dec. 2014) (Codice Maya de Mexico, CMM)","created_at":"2014-11-30T13:16:06.921-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9568630/The_Grolier_Codex_An_Authentic_13th_Century_Maya_Divinatory_Venus_Almanac_New_Revelations_on_the_Oldest_Surviving_Book_on_Paper_from_the_Ancient_Americas_Smoking_Mirror_Dec_2014_Codice_Maya_de_Mexico_CMM_?f_ri=12678","dom_id":"work_9568630","summary":"The fourth known pre-Columbian Maya codex—the only one discovered in the 20th century—was found by looters in the mid-1960s. First exhibited in New York in 1971, what has come to be known as the Grolier Codex is half of a hybrid-style 20-page, 104-year Mesoamerican divinatory Venus Almanac. With new radiocarbon dates that place it in the 13th century CE, it is likely to be the oldest surviving book on paper from the Americas as well as the only ancient Maya codex now residing in Mexico. Although most Mayanists have accepted it as authentic, based in part on the author’s 40 years of research,* it remains an unacknowledged Mexican national treasure as it has never been officially recognized except in the State of Chiapas. Mesoamerican Venus Almanacs were widely used in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica to regulate practices of sacred warfare and ritual sacrifice, the goal of which was to obtain captives whose blood was shed to invoke the personified forces of rain and fertility. The Grolier Codex offers unique images of 10 of the 20 manifestations of Venus (named in the Maya Dresden Codex), greatly enriching our knowledge of these traditions documented in four other pre-Columbian codices as well as numerous archaeological and ethnohistoric sources. This article is a summary of the talk given on November 7, 2014 to the Pre-Columbian Society of Washington DC and includes a brief history of accounts of the discovery of the Grolier Codex and allegedly associated artifacts; photographic history; outlines the author’s comprehensive program of research, including several new scientific discoveries leading to an interpretation of the Codex—based on the Dresden Codex and other sources; and offers a new Latinized name that recognizes that the “Codex Mayano-Mexicanus” is an authentic ancient book deriving from the Maya culture and now properly residing in Mexico. \r\n\r\n *See \u003chttp://umd.academia.edu/JohnBCarlson\u003e.\r\n\r\nAlso utilized as part of the November 7, 2014 talk are TWO 1983 historical STUDY GUIDE documents which can be viewed at the following academia.edu links: \r\n\r\n•\tGROLIER CODEX Page Study Guide: Pages 1-9 and Reconstructed Page 10/11 (1983): \r\n\r\nhttps://www.academia.edu/7911420/GROLIER_CODEX_Page_Study_Guide_Pages_1-9_and_Reconstructed_Page_10_11 \r\n\r\n•\tGROLIER CODEX Comparative Study Guide (1983): Grolier pages 1-9 and reconstructed page 10/11 with Maya Dresden Codex Venus Almanac page numbers 48/1 – 50/2 with Venus Station and Directional Associations; Names (on Dresden Rows 17 \u0026 22) of the associated Venus Impersonators; and Initial (1983) interpretations of the Grolier Codex scenes \u0026 iconographic interpretations. Over the three decades since 1983, some of the glyphic and iconographic interpretations have changed, as discussed in the presentation. The details are in press: \r\n\r\nhttps://www.academia.edu/9208071/GROLIER_CODEX_Comparative_Study_Guide_1983_ \r\n\r\n***** \r\n\r\nThis article has been posted on Academia.edu as part of the Grolier Codex Project of the Center for Archaeoastronomy under the directorship of John B. Carlson, Ph.D. The Grolier Codex Project seeks to further advance the study of the Maya Grolier Codex. \r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36065456,"asset_id":9568630,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2267026,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Carlson","domain_name":"umd","page_name":"JohnBCarlson","display_name":"John B Carlson","profile_url":"https://umd.academia.edu/JohnBCarlson?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2267026/2964703/3476006/s65_john_b..carlson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":122,"name":"Comparative Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":123,"name":"Mythology And 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There are those who celebrate it according to the local moon sighting and then there are those who celebrate it on the day the pilgrims perform the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15607272" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Eid-ul-Adha is one of the main issues that divide the Muslims all over the globe. There are those who celebrate it according to the local moon sighting and then there are those who celebrate it on the day the pilgrims perform the sacrifice. Last year (1435 AH) Muslims in India celebrated Eid-al-Adha on four different days, October 4, 5, 6, 7, 2014.  The issue at hand is if Eid-ul-Adha is independent of Hajj or is linked with it. This paper makes a case for celebrating it with the pilgrims.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15607272" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1b76083b3b90a9423b7913f9512af1dc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38737028,"asset_id":15607272,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38737028/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2089687" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MahmoodJawaid">Mahmood Jawaid</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2089687" type="text/json">{"id":2089687,"first_name":"Mahmood","last_name":"Jawaid","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MahmoodJawaid","display_name":"Mahmood Jawaid","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MahmoodJawaid?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2089687/682092/42671854/s65_mahmood.jawaid.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15607272 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15607272"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15607272, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15607272", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15607272]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15607272").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15607272").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15607272"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">32</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="107" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abrahamic_Religions">Abrahamic Religions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="107" type="text/json">{"id":107,"name":"Abrahamic Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abrahamic_Religions?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8044" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Moon_Sighting">New Moon Sighting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8044" type="text/json">{"id":8044,"name":"New Moon Sighting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Moon_Sighting?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12678" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_">Sacrifice (Philosophy)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12678" type="text/json">{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20772" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Sacrifice_Anthropology_">Animal Sacrifice (Anthropology)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="20772" type="text/json">{"id":20772,"name":"Animal Sacrifice (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Sacrifice_Anthropology_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15607272]'), work: {"id":15607272,"title":"Celebrating Eid-ul-Adha – by Saudi Moon or Local Moon?","created_at":"2015-09-11T07:22:07.726-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15607272/Celebrating_Eid_ul_Adha_by_Saudi_Moon_or_Local_Moon?f_ri=12678","dom_id":"work_15607272","summary":"Eid-ul-Adha is one of the main issues that divide the Muslims all over the globe. There are those who celebrate it according to the local moon sighting and then there are those who celebrate it on the day the pilgrims perform the sacrifice. Last year (1435 AH) Muslims in India celebrated Eid-al-Adha on four different days, October 4, 5, 6, 7, 2014. The issue at hand is if Eid-ul-Adha is independent of Hajj or is linked with it. This paper makes a case for celebrating it with the pilgrims.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38737028,"asset_id":15607272,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2089687,"first_name":"Mahmood","last_name":"Jawaid","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MahmoodJawaid","display_name":"Mahmood Jawaid","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MahmoodJawaid?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2089687/682092/42671854/s65_mahmood.jawaid.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":107,"name":"Abrahamic Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abrahamic_Religions?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":8044,"name":"New Moon Sighting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Moon_Sighting?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":20772,"name":"Animal Sacrifice (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Sacrifice_Anthropology_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":22347,"name":"Sacrifice (Anthropology Of Religion)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Anthropology_Of_Religion_?f_ri=12678"},{"id":32510,"name":"Theology of Sacrifice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology_of_Sacrifice?f_ri=12678"},{"id":40298,"name":"Sacrifice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice?f_ri=12678"},{"id":92987,"name":"Crescent sightings in Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crescent_sightings_in_Islam?f_ri=12678"},{"id":154871,"name":"Ritual Animal Sacrifice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ritual_Animal_Sacrifice?f_ri=12678"},{"id":310348,"name":"Animal Sacrifice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Sacrifice?f_ri=12678"},{"id":379553,"name":"Abraham's Sacrifice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abrahams_Sacrifice?f_ri=12678"},{"id":483830,"name":"Hajj and Umrah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hajj_and_Umrah?f_ri=12678"},{"id":508116,"name":"Mina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mina?f_ri=12678"},{"id":558958,"name":"Hajj Pilgrims","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hajj_Pilgrims?f_ri=12678"},{"id":569097,"name":"Eid Ul Fitr","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eid_Ul_Fitr?f_ri=12678"},{"id":831414,"name":"Ishmael (biblical character)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ishmael_biblical_character_?f_ri=12678"},{"id":1377694,"name":"Eid-ul-Adha","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eid-ul-Adha?f_ri=12678"},{"id":1377696,"name":"Philosophy of Eid-ul-Adha","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Eid-ul-Adha?f_ri=12678"},{"id":1966825,"name":"Predicting Crescent Sighting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predicting_Crescent_Sighting?f_ri=12678"},{"id":1979598,"name":"Saudi Moon Sighting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saudi_Moon_Sighting?f_ri=12678"},{"id":2107481,"name":"Prophet Ibraheem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prophet_Ibraheem?f_ri=12678"},{"id":2107482,"name":"Prophet Ismaeel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prophet_Ismaeel?f_ri=12678"},{"id":2107483,"name":"sacrifice of Ismaeel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/sacrifice_of_Ismaeel?f_ri=12678"},{"id":2107484,"name":"Sacrifice at Mina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_at_Mina?f_ri=12678"},{"id":2107485,"name":"Udhiyah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Udhiyah?f_ri=12678"},{"id":2107486,"name":"Qurbani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qurbani?f_ri=12678"},{"id":2107487,"name":"Eid-e-Qurban","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eid-e-Qurban?f_ri=12678"},{"id":2107488,"name":"The Day of Sacrifice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Day_of_Sacrifice?f_ri=12678"},{"id":2107490,"name":"Yaum an-Nahr","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yaum_an-Nahr?f_ri=12678"},{"id":2107491,"name":"Yaum al-Adha","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yaum_al-Adha?f_ri=12678"},{"id":2107496,"name":"Dhibh-un-Azeem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dhibh-un-Azeem?f_ri=12678"},{"id":2107497,"name":"Ibrahim's Sacrifice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ibrahims_Sacrifice?f_ri=12678"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63385247" data-work_id="63385247" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63385247/A_Jurisprudence_of_Neglect_On_the_Logic_of_Political_Cruelty">A Jurisprudence of Neglect | On the Logic of Political Cruelty</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63385247" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" 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data-has-card-for-user="11540490" href="https://stanford.academia.edu/AishwaryKumar">Aishwary Kumar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11540490" type="text/json">{"id":11540490,"first_name":"Aishwary","last_name":"Kumar","domain_name":"stanford","page_name":"AishwaryKumar","display_name":"Aishwary Kumar","profile_url":"https://stanford.academia.edu/AishwaryKumar?f_ri=12678","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63385247 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63385247"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63385247, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63385247", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_63385247 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x 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$(".js-view-count-work_63385247").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_63385247").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63385247"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="813" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy">Political Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="813" type="text/json">{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1696" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory">Political Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1696" type="text/json">{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3277" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism">Race and Racism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3277" type="text/json">{"id":3277,"name":"Race and Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3661" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3661" type="text/json">{"id":3661,"name":"Sovereignty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sovereignty?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=63385247]'), work: {"id":63385247,"title":"A Jurisprudence of Neglect | On the Logic of Political Cruelty","created_at":"2021-12-06T16:15:27.915-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/63385247/A_Jurisprudence_of_Neglect_On_the_Logic_of_Political_Cruelty?f_ri=12678","dom_id":"work_63385247","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86696036,"asset_id":63385247,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11540490,"first_name":"Aishwary","last_name":"Kumar","domain_name":"stanford","page_name":"AishwaryKumar","display_name":"Aishwary Kumar","profile_url":"https://stanford.academia.edu/AishwaryKumar?f_ri=12678","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":3277,"name":"Race and Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":3661,"name":"Sovereignty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sovereignty?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":12624,"name":"History of Political Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Thought?f_ri=12678"},{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678"},{"id":15295,"name":"Arendt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arendt?f_ri=12678"},{"id":17123,"name":"Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democracy?f_ri=12678"},{"id":18373,"name":"Moral Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Philosophy?f_ri=12678"},{"id":19918,"name":"Cruelty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cruelty?f_ri=12678"},{"id":32938,"name":"Pluralism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pluralism?f_ri=12678"},{"id":45919,"name":"Dalit studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dalit_studies?f_ri=12678"},{"id":91070,"name":"Inequality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inequality?f_ri=12678"},{"id":92458,"name":"Hindutva","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hindutva?f_ri=12678"},{"id":118633,"name":"Caste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caste?f_ri=12678"},{"id":590071,"name":"Ambedkar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ambedkar?f_ri=12678"},{"id":1121194,"name":"Rightlessness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rightlessness?f_ri=12678"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12954972" data-work_id="12954972" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12954972/The_Maya_Deluge_Myth_and_Dresden_Codex_Page_74_Not_the_End_but_the_Eternal_Regeneration_of_the_World_2015_">The Maya Deluge Myth and Dresden Codex Page 74: Not the End but the Eternal Regeneration of the World (2015)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study explores the multifaceted Maya Deluge Myth, from its pre-Columbian origins to current fantasies about a great world-destroying flood at the 13 Baktun period ending of the Maya Long Count on 21 (or 23) December 2012. No such... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12954972" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study explores the multifaceted Maya Deluge Myth, from its pre-Columbian origins to current fantasies about a great world-destroying flood at the 13 Baktun period ending of the Maya Long Count on 21 (or 23) December 2012. No such flood is prophesied in any Maya records for this date, and the famous scene on Dresden Codex page 74 is discussed in its context as a symbolic depiction of the annual world-renewing downpours at the onset of the rainy season in springtime in the Maya world. The presiding gods of warfare and blood sacrifice were the agents of fertility and the regeneration of nature, and not the agents for the destruction of the Maya in a world-ending deluge. The misinterpretation of Dresden page 74 has propagated, unchallenged, for over a century of Maya scholarship and found its way into “new age,” fringe, and popular culture. This research helps to set the record straight along with providing a history of the meme.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12954972" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0e79453077e6882a17cc79e268eba4e0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37896168,"asset_id":12954972,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37896168/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2267026" href="https://umd.academia.edu/JohnBCarlson">John B Carlson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2267026" type="text/json">{"id":2267026,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Carlson","domain_name":"umd","page_name":"JohnBCarlson","display_name":"John B Carlson","profile_url":"https://umd.academia.edu/JohnBCarlson?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2267026/2964703/3476006/s65_john_b..carlson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12954972 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12954972"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12954972, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12954972", }); 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class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A monograph on the theory of myth. The first section analyzes the relationship of myth to the world, presenting various theories of the meaning and function of myth; the second section is called "Myth and Language" and focuses on the use... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_76842832" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A monograph on the theory of myth. The first section analyzes the relationship of myth to the world, presenting various theories of the meaning and function of myth; the second section is called "Myth and Language" and focuses on the use of metaphor, metonymy and other tropes in myth and connects it to the framework of conceptual metaphors; the third chapter is called "Myth and Otherness" and focuses on the relationship of myth to the things beyond the bounds of symbolic system; the fourth chapter is called "The Monomyth of the Twice-Born" and concerns itself with the communication between This World and Otherworld in the form of initiation, sacrifice and hero's journey; the last chapter "Myth and Paradox" uncovers the paradoxical core of myth and its creative and re-creative power. [the present pdf contains only a sample of the whole text with parts left out]</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76842832" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d536dcf8f5032ea493e9bf1f48b0df7d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84403320,"asset_id":76842832,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84403320/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="502905" href="https://cuni.academia.edu/JanKoz%C3%A1k">Jan A Kozák</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="502905" type="text/json">{"id":502905,"first_name":"Jan","last_name":"Kozák","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"JanKozák","display_name":"Jan A Kozák","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/JanKoz%C3%A1k?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/502905/173696/47902794/s65_jan.koz_k.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_76842832 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="76842832"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76842832, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_76842832", }); 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The first section analyzes the relationship of myth to the world, presenting various theories of the meaning and function of myth; the second section is called \"Myth and Language\" and focuses on the use of metaphor, metonymy and other tropes in myth and connects it to the framework of conceptual metaphors; the third chapter is called \"Myth and Otherness\" and focuses on the relationship of myth to the things beyond the bounds of symbolic system; the fourth chapter is called \"The Monomyth of the Twice-Born\" and concerns itself with the communication between This World and Otherworld in the form of initiation, sacrifice and hero's journey; the last chapter \"Myth and Paradox\" uncovers the paradoxical core of myth and its creative and re-creative power. [the present pdf contains only a sample of the whole text with parts left out]","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84403320,"asset_id":76842832,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":502905,"first_name":"Jan","last_name":"Kozák","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"JanKozák","display_name":"Jan A Kozák","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/JanKoz%C3%A1k?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/502905/173696/47902794/s65_jan.koz_k.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":788,"name":"Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":5512,"name":"Narrative and interpretation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative_and_interpretation?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":5942,"name":"Monomyth/Hero's Journey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monomyth_Heros_Journey?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":9802,"name":"Liminality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liminality?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":11712,"name":"Metaphor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphor?f_ri=12678"},{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678"},{"id":16208,"name":"Self-Reference, Reflexivity, Reflection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self-Reference_Reflexivity_Reflection?f_ri=12678"},{"id":21858,"name":"Kingship and systems of rule","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kingship_and_systems_of_rule?f_ri=12678"},{"id":22347,"name":"Sacrifice (Anthropology Of Religion)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Anthropology_Of_Religion_?f_ri=12678"},{"id":52059,"name":"Taboo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taboo?f_ri=12678"},{"id":56163,"name":"Otherness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Otherness?f_ri=12678"},{"id":58816,"name":"Cosmogony","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cosmogony?f_ri=12678"},{"id":63489,"name":"Trickster","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trickster?f_ri=12678"},{"id":82195,"name":"Initiation Rituals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Initiation_Rituals?f_ri=12678"},{"id":652586,"name":"Otherworld Journey In Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Otherworld_Journey_In_Medieval_Literature?f_ri=12678"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15209801" data-work_id="15209801" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15209801/Sacrifice_and_Communion">Sacrifice and Communion</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Relationship between Eucharist and Sacrifice</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15209801" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1bcb34ecec9bb68fda23b53e4c58641c" rel="nofollow" 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$(".js-view-count-work_15209801").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15209801").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15209801"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12617" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eucharist">Eucharist</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12617" type="text/json">{"id":12617,"name":"Eucharist","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eucharist?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12678" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_">Sacrifice (Philosophy)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12678" type="text/json">{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22347" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Anthropology_Of_Religion_">Sacrifice (Anthropology Of Religion)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22347" type="text/json">{"id":22347,"name":"Sacrifice (Anthropology Of Religion)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Anthropology_Of_Religion_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30423" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eucharistic_Theology">Eucharistic Theology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="30423" type="text/json">{"id":30423,"name":"Eucharistic 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SHEEHAN","profile_url":"https://holmesglen.academia.edu/PETERSHEEHAN?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31488393/9303463/71594419/s65_peter.sheehan.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12617,"name":"Eucharist","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eucharist?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":22347,"name":"Sacrifice (Anthropology Of Religion)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Anthropology_Of_Religion_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":30423,"name":"Eucharistic Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eucharistic_Theology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":1258466,"name":"The Holy Communion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Holy_Communion?f_ri=12678"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36811944" data-work_id="36811944" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36811944/Critique_of_Jordan_B_Peterson_s_Neo_Hegelian_philosophy">Critique of Jordan B. Peterson’s Neo-Hegelian philosophy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Peterson’s philosophy, as expounded in “Maps of Meaning: The Architecture of Belief”, departs radically from views held in depth psychology and theology but has much in common with Hegel. The world of consciousness is greatly... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36811944" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Peterson’s  philosophy, as expounded in “Maps of Meaning: The Architecture of Belief”, departs radically from views held in depth psychology and theology but has much in common with Hegel. The world of consciousness is greatly overestimated. His exaggerated intellectualism leads to deep symbols being over-rationalized, producing meager and sterile interpretations. The article contributes to the understanding of myth and religion.<br /><br />Keywords: identification, psychic integration, symbolic meaning, transcendence, evil, heroism, Magna Mater, Osiris, resurrection, alchemy, Hegel, Carl Jung, M-L von Franz, Nietzsche, St Augustine.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36811944" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="808823329e2b19f848bf61d537df8a27" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74232613,"asset_id":36811944,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74232613/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5645517" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MatsWinther">Mats Winther</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5645517" type="text/json">{"id":5645517,"first_name":"Mats","last_name":"Winther","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MatsWinther","display_name":"Mats Winther","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MatsWinther?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5645517/3002207/135787579/s65_mats.winther.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36811944 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36811944"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36811944, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36811944", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36811944]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36811944").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36811944").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36811944"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">45</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="118" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Egyptian_Religion">Ancient Egyptian Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="118" type="text/json">{"id":118,"name":"Ancient Egyptian Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Egyptian_Religion?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="122" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion">Comparative Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="122" type="text/json">{"id":122,"name":"Comparative Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore">Mythology And Folklore</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123" type="text/json">{"id":123,"name":"Mythology And Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="788" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology">Mythology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="788" type="text/json">{"id":788,"name":"Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36811944]'), work: {"id":36811944,"title":"Critique of Jordan B. Peterson’s Neo-Hegelian philosophy","created_at":"2018-06-09T07:46:33.186-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36811944/Critique_of_Jordan_B_Peterson_s_Neo_Hegelian_philosophy?f_ri=12678","dom_id":"work_36811944","summary":"Peterson’s philosophy, as expounded in “Maps of Meaning: The Architecture of Belief”, departs radically from views held in depth psychology and theology but has much in common with Hegel. The world of consciousness is greatly overestimated. His exaggerated intellectualism leads to deep symbols being over-rationalized, producing meager and sterile interpretations. The article contributes to the understanding of myth and religion.\n\nKeywords: identification, psychic integration, symbolic meaning, transcendence, evil, heroism, Magna Mater, Osiris, resurrection, alchemy, Hegel, Carl Jung, M-L von Franz, Nietzsche, St Augustine.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74232613,"asset_id":36811944,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5645517,"first_name":"Mats","last_name":"Winther","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MatsWinther","display_name":"Mats Winther","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MatsWinther?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5645517/3002207/135787579/s65_mats.winther.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":118,"name":"Ancient Egyptian Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Egyptian_Religion?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":122,"name":"Comparative Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":123,"name":"Mythology And Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":788,"name":"Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=12678"},{"id":902,"name":"Philosophy Of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Religion?f_ri=12678"},{"id":2562,"name":"Philosophical Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Theology?f_ri=12678"},{"id":3595,"name":"Individuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Individuality?f_ri=12678"},{"id":5265,"name":"Alchemy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alchemy?f_ri=12678"},{"id":5472,"name":"Jungian psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jungian_psychology?f_ri=12678"},{"id":5960,"name":"Continental Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Continental_Philosophy?f_ri=12678"},{"id":6243,"name":"Psychology of Evil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_of_Evil?f_ri=12678"},{"id":7370,"name":"Symbolism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbolism?f_ri=12678"},{"id":7791,"name":"Heroism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heroism?f_ri=12678"},{"id":7942,"name":"Hegel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hegel?f_ri=12678"},{"id":8028,"name":"Myths and Symbols as carriers of unconscious content","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Myths_and_Symbols_as_carriers_of_unconscious_content?f_ri=12678"},{"id":8303,"name":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Friedrich_Nietzsche?f_ri=12678"},{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678"},{"id":13803,"name":"Nietzsche","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nietzsche?f_ri=12678"},{"id":18867,"name":"Carl G. 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Director: Matthew Levering, Ph. D Numerous scholars have engaged... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35988802" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Wedding Feast of the Lamb Has Begun: The Relationship Between Eschatology and Liturgy in the Logoscentric Theology of Joseph Ratzinger <br /><br />Roland Millare, S.T.D. <br /><br />Director: Matthew Levering, Ph. D<br /><br /><br /> Numerous scholars have engaged Joseph Ratzinger’s theology of the liturgy and his eschatology. The unique contribution of this study is the focus on the inherent relationship between eschatology and the liturgy in light of Ratzinger’s insistence, under the influence of Romano Guardini, upon the primacy of the logos over ethos (“Der Primat des Logos über das Ethos”). Throughout our study, we will establish Ratzinger’s consistency in the underscoring the primacy of logos over ethos and the centrality of Christ in his theology, which enables him to maintain that the liturgy is inherently eschatological. The primacy of the logos is the central hermeneutical key to understanding the unique vision of Ratzinger’s Christocentric liturgical theology and eschatology. In light of Ratzinger’s consistent appreciation for the significance of the primary of the logos, he is able to show the significance of sacrifice in forming the Church and her worship, the Church as a communio and the hope rooted in her contradistinction with the world, rational worship (logiké latreía) and the Church’s mission of charity, and orientation of the Church’s worship (and all space and all time within it) towards the incarnate Logos within Ratzinger’s work. <br /><br />When logos is subordinated to ethos, the human person becomes subjected to a materialist ontology that leads to an ethos that is concerned above all by utility and progress, which affects one’s approach to understanding the liturgy and eschatology. How a person celebrates the liturgy becomes subject to the individual whim of one person or a group of people. Eschatology can be reduced only to addressing the temporal needs of a society guided by a narrow conception of hope or political theology. If the human person wants to understand his authentic sacramental logos, then he must first turn to Christ the incarnate Logos, who reveals to him that he is created for a loving relationship with God and others. Ratzinger describes his work as having an “incomplete character,” yet this study has demonstrated that there is a unity within Ratzinger’s “fragmentary” writings that is defined by the primacy and centrality of the Logos incarnate.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35988802" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a846f1274a59bc35626b67f951b808b2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78711197,"asset_id":35988802,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78711197/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37649744" href="https://usml.academia.edu/RolandMillare">Roland Millare</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37649744" type="text/json">{"id":37649744,"first_name":"Roland","last_name":"Millare","domain_name":"usml","page_name":"RolandMillare","display_name":"Roland Millare","profile_url":"https://usml.academia.edu/RolandMillare?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37649744/10646167/14831282/s65_roland.millare.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35988802 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35988802"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35988802, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35988802", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35988802]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35988802").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35988802").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35988802"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">24</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2546" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liturgy">Liturgy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2546" type="text/json">{"id":2546,"name":"Liturgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liturgy?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5338" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberation_Theology">Liberation Theology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5338" type="text/json">{"id":5338,"name":"Liberation Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberation_Theology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10713" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christology">Christology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10713" type="text/json">{"id":10713,"name":"Christology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10857" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theological_Aesthetics">Theological Aesthetics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10857" type="text/json">{"id":10857,"name":"Theological Aesthetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theological_Aesthetics?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35988802]'), work: {"id":35988802,"title":"Dissertation - The Wedding Feast of the Lamb Has Begun: The Relationship Between Eschatology and Liturgy in the Logoscentric Theology of Joseph Ratzinger","created_at":"2018-02-22T10:31:08.674-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35988802/Dissertation_The_Wedding_Feast_of_the_Lamb_Has_Begun_The_Relationship_Between_Eschatology_and_Liturgy_in_the_Logoscentric_Theology_of_Joseph_Ratzinger?f_ri=12678","dom_id":"work_35988802","summary":"The Wedding Feast of the Lamb Has Begun: The Relationship Between Eschatology and Liturgy in the Logoscentric Theology of Joseph Ratzinger \n\nRoland Millare, S.T.D. \n\nDirector: Matthew Levering, Ph. D\n\n\n\tNumerous scholars have engaged Joseph Ratzinger’s theology of the liturgy and his eschatology. The unique contribution of this study is the focus on the inherent relationship between eschatology and the liturgy in light of Ratzinger’s insistence, under the influence of Romano Guardini, upon the primacy of the logos over ethos (“Der Primat des Logos über das Ethos”). Throughout our study, we will establish Ratzinger’s consistency in the underscoring the primacy of logos over ethos and the centrality of Christ in his theology, which enables him to maintain that the liturgy is inherently eschatological. The primacy of the logos is the central hermeneutical key to understanding the unique vision of Ratzinger’s Christocentric liturgical theology and eschatology. In light of Ratzinger’s consistent appreciation for the significance of the primary of the logos, he is able to show the significance of sacrifice in forming the Church and her worship, the Church as a communio and the hope rooted in her contradistinction with the world, rational worship (logiké latreía) and the Church’s mission of charity, and orientation of the Church’s worship (and all space and all time within it) towards the incarnate Logos within Ratzinger’s work. \n\nWhen logos is subordinated to ethos, the human person becomes subjected to a materialist ontology that leads to an ethos that is concerned above all by utility and progress, which affects one’s approach to understanding the liturgy and eschatology. How a person celebrates the liturgy becomes subject to the individual whim of one person or a group of people. Eschatology can be reduced only to addressing the temporal needs of a society guided by a narrow conception of hope or political theology. If the human person wants to understand his authentic sacramental logos, then he must first turn to Christ the incarnate Logos, who reveals to him that he is created for a loving relationship with God and others. Ratzinger describes his work as having an “incomplete character,” yet this study has demonstrated that there is a unity within Ratzinger’s “fragmentary” writings that is defined by the primacy and centrality of the Logos incarnate. \n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78711197,"asset_id":35988802,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37649744,"first_name":"Roland","last_name":"Millare","domain_name":"usml","page_name":"RolandMillare","display_name":"Roland Millare","profile_url":"https://usml.academia.edu/RolandMillare?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37649744/10646167/14831282/s65_roland.millare.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2546,"name":"Liturgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liturgy?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":5338,"name":"Liberation Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberation_Theology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":10713,"name":"Christology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":10857,"name":"Theological Aesthetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theological_Aesthetics?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":12614,"name":"Ecclesiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecclesiology?f_ri=12678"},{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678"},{"id":24771,"name":"Eschatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eschatology?f_ri=12678"},{"id":30422,"name":"Sacramental Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacramental_Theology?f_ri=12678"},{"id":32510,"name":"Theology of Sacrifice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology_of_Sacrifice?f_ri=12678"},{"id":32580,"name":"Liturgical Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liturgical_Theology?f_ri=12678"},{"id":40048,"name":"Johann Baptist Metz","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Johann_Baptist_Metz?f_ri=12678"},{"id":40049,"name":"Jürgen Moltmann","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/J%C3%BCrgen_Moltmann?f_ri=12678"},{"id":74154,"name":"Theology of Joseph Ratzinger","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology_of_Joseph_Ratzinger?f_ri=12678"},{"id":75287,"name":"Romano Guardini","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Romano_Guardini?f_ri=12678"},{"id":111493,"name":"pope benedict XVI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/pope_benedict_XVI?f_ri=12678"},{"id":127252,"name":"Sacramental Theology and Liturgical Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacramental_Theology_and_Liturgical_Studies?f_ri=12678"},{"id":186830,"name":"Roman Catholic Ecclesiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Catholic_Ecclesiology?f_ri=12678"},{"id":330833,"name":"Logos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logos?f_ri=12678"},{"id":531019,"name":"Theology of Hope","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology_of_Hope?f_ri=12678"},{"id":636737,"name":"The Liturgical Reform of Vatican II","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Liturgical_Reform_of_Vatican_II?f_ri=12678"},{"id":636738,"name":"The Twentieth Century Liturgical Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Twentieth_Century_Liturgical_Movement?f_ri=12678"},{"id":644260,"name":"Spe Salvi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spe_Salvi?f_ri=12678"},{"id":689675,"name":"Pope Benedict XVI/Josef Ratzinger","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pope_Benedict_XVI_Josef_Ratzinger?f_ri=12678"},{"id":984932,"name":"Theology of Liberation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology_of_Liberation?f_ri=12678"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37691750" data-work_id="37691750" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37691750/Tierney_Doctoral_Dissertation_docx">Tierney Doctoral Dissertation.docx</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Sacrifice, Soma, and Spontaneity: Partners in an Integrative Psychology. Literature review looks at the anthropology of sacrificial process, the phenomenology of sacred space, and the sacrificial dimensions of archetypal psychology.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37691750" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Sacrifice, Soma, and Spontaneity: Partners in an Integrative Psychology. Literature review looks at the anthropology of sacrificial process, the phenomenology of sacred space, and the sacrificial dimensions of archetypal psychology. Research examines how gender may impact the construction and expression of sacrifice in establishing transformative space.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37691750" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e7aa722828a0050f7d98d4b40a401061" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57682701,"asset_id":37691750,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57682701/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="18630264" href="https://meridianuniversity.academia.edu/BrianTierney">Brian Tierney</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="18630264" type="text/json">{"id":18630264,"first_name":"Brian","last_name":"Tierney","domain_name":"meridianuniversity","page_name":"BrianTierney","display_name":"Brian Tierney","profile_url":"https://meridianuniversity.academia.edu/BrianTierney?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18630264/5172495/27131448/s65_brian.tierney.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37691750 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37691750"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37691750, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37691750", }); 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Per una nuova teoria antropologica e psicologica *Ecstatico-objectual Mediation. Toward a New Anthropological and Psychological Theory</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Il saggio parte dal problema del rapporto soggetto/oggetto, centrale in filosofia come in psicologia. I due termini non esistono separati l'uno dall'altro ma, appunto per questo, non possono semplicemente essere "messi insieme". Deve... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18588070" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Il saggio parte dal problema del rapporto soggetto/oggetto, centrale in filosofia come in psicologia. I due termini non esistono separati l'uno dall'altro ma, appunto per questo, non possono semplicemente essere "messi insieme". Deve esistere al contrario un fattore genetico e produttivo che li unisce perché dà loro esistenza. A tale fattore si può dare il nome di "mediazione", intesa come processo ed evento da cui scaturiscono soggetto ed oggetto, e che fenomenologicamente presenta i caratteri della partecipazione collettiva e dell'assolutezza, non disgiunti da una componente di imposizione violenta. L'Autore discute principalmente le teorie di Freud, Bataille e Girard, che in modi diversi offrono elementi importanti per capire la natura antropologica e storica di questo evento fonte delle mediazioni umane. Questi autori rimangono tuttavia condizionati dal presupposto tipicamente moderno che riconduce la mediazione ai fattori desiderativi propri del soggetto oppure la annulla in fattori oggettivi scientificamente intesi. I dati costitutivi del problema invece suggeriscono un evento estatico di violenza collettiva che ha reso rappresentabile il mondo degli oggetti, creando le premesse per il futuro sviluppo anche dei soggetti. LA nuova proposta di riflessione e ricerca, che offre significativi elementi di comprensione genetica e storica anche della psiche moderna, ha assunto per questi motivi la denominazione di "teoria estatico-oggettuale".<br /><br />                                  ********<br /><br /><br />The essay starts from the problem of the subject/object relation, essential both in philosophy and psychology. The two terms do not exist separate from each other, but for that very reason, they simply cannot be "put together". On the contrary there must be a genetic and productive factor which links them together giving them existence. This factor can be named "mediation", meaning the process or event from which subject and object are generated and that phenomenologically shall conform to the collective participation and absoluteness, not separated by a component of violent imposition. The Author discusses the theories of Freud, Bataille and Girard which offer in different ways important elements to understand the anthropological and historical nature of this event as source of human mediation. These authors, however, remain affected by the typically modern assumption that leads mediation to desiderative factors of the subject or change it to scientific objective factors. The constitutive elements of the problem instead suggest an ectstatic event of collective violence that has made possible the representation of the world of objects, creating the premises for the future development of the subjects. The new proposal for mediation and research, providing significant elements of genetic and historical understanding even of the modern psyche, has assumed for these reasons the name of "ecstatico-objectual theory"</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18588070" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="13d6919976903486d330c31ce76171b1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40143257,"asset_id":18588070,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40143257/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33570127" href="https://unibg.academia.edu/GiuseppeFornari">Giuseppe Fornari</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33570127" type="text/json">{"id":33570127,"first_name":"Giuseppe","last_name":"Fornari","domain_name":"unibg","page_name":"GiuseppeFornari","display_name":"Giuseppe Fornari","profile_url":"https://unibg.academia.edu/GiuseppeFornari?f_ri=12678","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18588070 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18588070"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18588070, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18588070", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18588070]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18588070").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18588070").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18588070"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1053" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Ideas">History of Ideas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1053" type="text/json">{"id":1053,"name":"History of Ideas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Ideas?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8487" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sigmund_Freud">Sigmund Freud</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8487" type="text/json">{"id":8487,"name":"Sigmund Freud","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sigmund_Freud?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12678" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_">Sacrifice (Philosophy)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12678" type="text/json">{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18588070]'), work: {"id":18588070,"title":"Mediazione estatico-oggettuale. Per una nuova teoria antropologica e psicologica *Ecstatico-objectual Mediation. Toward a New Anthropological and Psychological Theory","created_at":"2015-11-18T07:37:55.642-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18588070/Mediazione_estatico_oggettuale_Per_una_nuova_teoria_antropologica_e_psicologica_Ecstatico_objectual_Mediation_Toward_a_New_Anthropological_and_Psychological_Theory?f_ri=12678","dom_id":"work_18588070","summary":"Il saggio parte dal problema del rapporto soggetto/oggetto, centrale in filosofia come in psicologia. I due termini non esistono separati l'uno dall'altro ma, appunto per questo, non possono semplicemente essere \"messi insieme\". Deve esistere al contrario un fattore genetico e produttivo che li unisce perché dà loro esistenza. A tale fattore si può dare il nome di \"mediazione\", intesa come processo ed evento da cui scaturiscono soggetto ed oggetto, e che fenomenologicamente presenta i caratteri della partecipazione collettiva e dell'assolutezza, non disgiunti da una componente di imposizione violenta. L'Autore discute principalmente le teorie di Freud, Bataille e Girard, che in modi diversi offrono elementi importanti per capire la natura antropologica e storica di questo evento fonte delle mediazioni umane. Questi autori rimangono tuttavia condizionati dal presupposto tipicamente moderno che riconduce la mediazione ai fattori desiderativi propri del soggetto oppure la annulla in fattori oggettivi scientificamente intesi. I dati costitutivi del problema invece suggeriscono un evento estatico di violenza collettiva che ha reso rappresentabile il mondo degli oggetti, creando le premesse per il futuro sviluppo anche dei soggetti. LA nuova proposta di riflessione e ricerca, che offre significativi elementi di comprensione genetica e storica anche della psiche moderna, ha assunto per questi motivi la denominazione di \"teoria estatico-oggettuale\".\n\n ********\n\n\nThe essay starts from the problem of the subject/object relation, essential both in philosophy and psychology. The two terms do not exist separate from each other, but for that very reason, they simply cannot be \"put together\". On the contrary there must be a genetic and productive factor which links them together giving them existence. This factor can be named \"mediation\", meaning the process or event from which subject and object are generated and that phenomenologically shall conform to the collective participation and absoluteness, not separated by a component of violent imposition. The Author discusses the theories of Freud, Bataille and Girard which offer in different ways important elements to understand the anthropological and historical nature of this event as source of human mediation. These authors, however, remain affected by the typically modern assumption that leads mediation to desiderative factors of the subject or change it to scientific objective factors. The constitutive elements of the problem instead suggest an ectstatic event of collective violence that has made possible the representation of the world of objects, creating the premises for the future development of the subjects. The new proposal for mediation and research, providing significant elements of genetic and historical understanding even of the modern psyche, has assumed for these reasons the name of \"ecstatico-objectual theory\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40143257,"asset_id":18588070,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33570127,"first_name":"Giuseppe","last_name":"Fornari","domain_name":"unibg","page_name":"GiuseppeFornari","display_name":"Giuseppe Fornari","profile_url":"https://unibg.academia.edu/GiuseppeFornari?f_ri=12678","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":1053,"name":"History of Ideas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Ideas?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":8487,"name":"Sigmund Freud","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sigmund_Freud?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":12680,"name":"Georges Bataille","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Georges_Bataille?f_ri=12678"},{"id":15677,"name":"History Of Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Of_Psychology?f_ri=12678"},{"id":22347,"name":"Sacrifice (Anthropology Of Religion)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Anthropology_Of_Religion_?f_ri=12678"},{"id":27273,"name":"René Girard","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ren%C3%A9_Girard?f_ri=12678"},{"id":620285,"name":"History of Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Philosophy?f_ri=12678"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6104881" data-work_id="6104881" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6104881/Chacmool_Who_Was_That_Enigmatic_Recumbent_Figure_From_Epiclassic_Mesoamerica_Reposing_the_Question">Chacmool: Who Was That Enigmatic Recumbent Figure From Epiclassic Mesoamerica? Reposing the Question</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this paper presented at the Pre-Columbian Society of Washington DC, November 2013, the author proposes answers to questions which have puzzled scholars since the 19th century concerning the enigmatic recumbent Mesoamerican figure known... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6104881" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this paper presented at the Pre-Columbian Society of Washington DC, November 2013, the author proposes answers to questions which have puzzled scholars since the 19th century concerning the enigmatic recumbent Mesoamerican figure known as the "chacmool", so named by French adventurer and photographer Augustus Le Plongeon.  While most scholars are convinced that chacmools were a genuine innovation for a specific type of sacrificial altar for the placement of an offering bowl, several key questions have remained: (1) What was the culture and place of origin of this remarkable sculptural innovation? (2) Who were these male figures?  (3) What is the origin and meaning of the challenging recumbent pose for these human figures with the unblinking, enigmatic gaze? (4) What were they, and what were they called, or described with a phrase, in any Mesoamerican language? Based on recent archaeological discoveries, the author presents a new interpretation of the "chacmool" as the elite "hip ulama" ball game ballplayer stylistically rendered in a serene and formalized ritual “por abajo” stance, well after the game is over, to play the final role as the recipient of the sacrifices. With this new interpretation the author hopes to open the door to finding the indigenous name or description of the "chacmool".</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6104881" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5259c8e2c4ed5fba46955c1d8de8baf9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34781469,"asset_id":6104881,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34781469/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2267026" href="https://umd.academia.edu/JohnBCarlson">John B Carlson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2267026" type="text/json">{"id":2267026,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Carlson","domain_name":"umd","page_name":"JohnBCarlson","display_name":"John B Carlson","profile_url":"https://umd.academia.edu/JohnBCarlson?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2267026/2964703/3476006/s65_john_b..carlson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6104881 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6104881"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6104881, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6104881", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6104881]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6104881").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6104881").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6104881"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">195</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="119" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Religions">Native American Religions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="119" type="text/json">{"id":119,"name":"Native American Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Religions?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="122" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion">Comparative Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="122" type="text/json">{"id":122,"name":"Comparative Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore">Mythology And Folklore</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="123" type="text/json">{"id":123,"name":"Mythology And Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6104881]'), work: {"id":6104881,"title":"Chacmool: Who Was That Enigmatic Recumbent Figure From Epiclassic Mesoamerica? Reposing the Question","created_at":"2014-02-17T01:49:27.269-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6104881/Chacmool_Who_Was_That_Enigmatic_Recumbent_Figure_From_Epiclassic_Mesoamerica_Reposing_the_Question?f_ri=12678","dom_id":"work_6104881","summary":"In this paper presented at the Pre-Columbian Society of Washington DC, November 2013, the author proposes answers to questions which have puzzled scholars since the 19th century concerning the enigmatic recumbent Mesoamerican figure known as the \"chacmool\", so named by French adventurer and photographer Augustus Le Plongeon. While most scholars are convinced that chacmools were a genuine innovation for a specific type of sacrificial altar for the placement of an offering bowl, several key questions have remained: (1) What was the culture and place of origin of this remarkable sculptural innovation? (2) Who were these male figures? (3) What is the origin and meaning of the challenging recumbent pose for these human figures with the unblinking, enigmatic gaze? (4) What were they, and what were they called, or described with a phrase, in any Mesoamerican language? Based on recent archaeological discoveries, the author presents a new interpretation of the \"chacmool\" as the elite \"hip ulama\" ball game ballplayer stylistically rendered in a serene and formalized ritual “por abajo” stance, well after the game is over, to play the final role as the recipient of the sacrifices. With this new interpretation the author hopes to open the door to finding the indigenous name or description of the \"chacmool\".","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34781469,"asset_id":6104881,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2267026,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Carlson","domain_name":"umd","page_name":"JohnBCarlson","display_name":"John B Carlson","profile_url":"https://umd.academia.edu/JohnBCarlson?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2267026/2964703/3476006/s65_john_b..carlson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":119,"name":"Native American Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Religions?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":122,"name":"Comparative Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":123,"name":"Mythology And Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":217,"name":"Sociology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Religion?f_ri=12678"},{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=12678"},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=12678"},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=12678"},{"id":788,"name":"Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology?f_ri=12678"},{"id":792,"name":"Historical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Anthropology?f_ri=12678"},{"id":869,"name":"Iconography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iconography?f_ri=12678"},{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=12678"},{"id":925,"name":"Visual Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Anthropology?f_ri=12678"},{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=12678"},{"id":927,"name":"Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_or_Aboriginal_Studies?f_ri=12678"},{"id":954,"name":"Social Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Anthropology?f_ri=12678"},{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=12678"},{"id":1207,"name":"Historical 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Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Time?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":58909,"name":"Mahabharata","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mahabharata?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":201724,"name":"Epics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epics?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":830451,"name":"Yugas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yugas?f_ri=12678"},{"id":844373,"name":"Puranas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Puranas?f_ri=12678"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_200458" data-work_id="200458" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/200458/Kierkegaards_Regulative_Sacrifice_A_Post_Kantian_Reading_of_Fear_and_Trembling">Kierkegaard's Regulative Sacrifice: A Post-Kantian Reading of 'Fear and Trembling'</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The present paper suggests to consider Kierkegaard’s use of Abraham’s story in Fear and Trembling in regulative terms, that is, to consider it as a model – not for our moral behaviour but rather for our religious behaviour. To do so, I... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_200458" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The present paper suggests to consider Kierkegaard’s use of Abraham’s story in Fear and Trembling in regulative terms, that is, to consider it as a model – not for our moral behaviour but rather for our religious behaviour. To do so, I first rely on recent literature to argue that Kierkegaard should be regarded as a distinctively post-Kantian philosopher: namely, a philosopher who goes beyond Kant in a way that is nevertheless true to the spirit of Kant's original critical philosophy. Then, I present a post-Kantian reading of Fear and Trembling, focusing on the problematic implications that result from comparing this text with Hegel’s theory of recognition. Finally, I submit that sacrifice in Fear and Trembling is a regulative notion in a Kantian sense. This interpretation addresses some of the most problematic aspects of the text. I conclude that the regulativity of sacrifice may be regarded as an important and perhaps an essential component of Kierkegaard’s overall philosophical strategy.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/200458" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8959e9b66a222b0f1d43502a154be15f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45297474,"asset_id":200458,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45297474/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2487" href="https://unito.academia.edu/PaoloDiegoBubbio">Paolo Diego Bubbio</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2487" type="text/json">{"id":2487,"first_name":"Paolo Diego","last_name":"Bubbio","domain_name":"unito","page_name":"PaoloDiegoBubbio","display_name":"Paolo Diego Bubbio","profile_url":"https://unito.academia.edu/PaoloDiegoBubbio?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2487/1137/1072454/s65_paolo_diego.bubbio.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_200458 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="200458"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 200458, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_200458", }); 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To do so, I first rely on recent literature to argue that Kierkegaard should be regarded as a distinctively post-Kantian philosopher: namely, a philosopher who goes beyond Kant in a way that is nevertheless true to the spirit of Kant's original critical philosophy. Then, I present a post-Kantian reading of Fear and Trembling, focusing on the problematic implications that result from comparing this text with Hegel’s theory of recognition. Finally, I submit that sacrifice in Fear and Trembling is a regulative notion in a Kantian sense. This interpretation addresses some of the most problematic aspects of the text. I conclude that the regulativity of sacrifice may be regarded as an important and perhaps an essential component of Kierkegaard’s overall philosophical strategy.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45297474,"asset_id":200458,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2487,"first_name":"Paolo Diego","last_name":"Bubbio","domain_name":"unito","page_name":"PaoloDiegoBubbio","display_name":"Paolo Diego Bubbio","profile_url":"https://unito.academia.edu/PaoloDiegoBubbio?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2487/1137/1072454/s65_paolo_diego.bubbio.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":849,"name":"Kant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kant?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":14945,"name":"Kierkegaard","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kierkegaard?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27520881" data-work_id="27520881" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27520881/Kafkas_Cat_lamb_Hybridization_of_Genesis_and_Taxonomy_Published_in_Kafka_and_the_Universal_ed_Arthur_Cools_and_Vivian_Liska_Berlin_de_Gruyter_2016_">Kafka's Cat-lamb: Hybridization of Genesis and Taxonomy [Published in Kafka and the Universal, ed. Arthur Cools and Vivian Liska, Berlin: de Gruyter, 2016.]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27520881" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4d4d027943f53ec88460eb3d4422f241" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47776491,"asset_id":27520881,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47776491/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11330612" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnnaGlazova">Anna Glazova</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11330612" type="text/json">{"id":11330612,"first_name":"Anna","last_name":"Glazova","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnnaGlazova","display_name":"Anna Glazova","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnnaGlazova?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11330612/3543904/4160285/s65_anna.glazova.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27520881 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27520881"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27520881, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27520881", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27520881]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27520881").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27520881").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27520881"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Franz_Kafka">Franz Kafka</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8446" type="text/json">{"id":8446,"name":"Franz Kafka","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Franz_Kafka?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8514" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German-Jewish_literature">German-Jewish literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8514" type="text/json">{"id":8514,"name":"German-Jewish literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German-Jewish_literature?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12678" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_">Sacrifice (Philosophy)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12678" type="text/json">{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58304" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German-Jewish_Studies">German-Jewish Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="58304" type="text/json">{"id":58304,"name":"German-Jewish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German-Jewish_Studies?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27520881]'), work: {"id":27520881,"title":"Kafka's Cat-lamb: Hybridization of Genesis and Taxonomy [Published in Kafka and the Universal, ed. Arthur Cools and Vivian Liska, Berlin: de Gruyter, 2016.]","created_at":"2016-08-03T23:08:41.287-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27520881/Kafkas_Cat_lamb_Hybridization_of_Genesis_and_Taxonomy_Published_in_Kafka_and_the_Universal_ed_Arthur_Cools_and_Vivian_Liska_Berlin_de_Gruyter_2016_?f_ri=12678","dom_id":"work_27520881","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47776491,"asset_id":27520881,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11330612,"first_name":"Anna","last_name":"Glazova","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnnaGlazova","display_name":"Anna Glazova","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnnaGlazova?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11330612/3543904/4160285/s65_anna.glazova.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8446,"name":"Franz Kafka","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Franz_Kafka?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":8514,"name":"German-Jewish literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German-Jewish_literature?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":58304,"name":"German-Jewish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German-Jewish_Studies?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":154871,"name":"Ritual Animal Sacrifice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ritual_Animal_Sacrifice?f_ri=12678"},{"id":377173,"name":"History of Halakha and Jewish Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Halakha_and_Jewish_Law?f_ri=12678"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71770140" data-work_id="71770140" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71770140/Neoliberal_Citizenship_Sacred_Markets_Sacrificial_Lives">Neoliberal Citizenship: Sacred Markets, Sacrificial Lives</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">With cosmopolitan illusions put to rest, Europe is now haunted by a pervasive neoliberal transformation of citizenship that subordinates inclusion, protection, and belonging to rationalities of value. Against the backdrop of four major... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71770140" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">With cosmopolitan illusions put to rest, Europe is now haunted by a pervasive neoliberal transformation of citizenship that subordinates inclusion, protection, and belonging to rationalities of value. Against the backdrop of four major crises - Eurozone, refugee, Brexit, and the COVID-19 pandemic - this book explores how neoliberal citizenship rewrites identities and solidarities in economic terms. The result is a sacralized market order in which those superfluous to economic needs and regarded as unproductive consumers of resources - be they undocumented migrants, debased citizens of austerity, or the elderly in care homes - are excluded and sacrificed for the well-being of the economy. Pushing biopolitical theorizing in novel directions through an investigation of the political economy of scarcity and the theology of the market, Neoliberal Citizenship reveals how a common thread connects the suspension of search-and-rescue missions in the Mediterranean, the punitive bailout of Greece, the widespread adoption of austerity measures, the normalization of racism, the celebration of resilience, and the fact that in Europe and North America, during the first wave of the pandemic, almost half of all COVID-19 deaths were care home residents. This thread is the sacralization of the market that, by making life conditional upon its economic and emotional value, turns 'less valuable' individuals into sacrificial subjects. Neoliberal Citizenship challenges established understandings of citizenship, brings to light new regimes of inclusion and exclusion, and advances critical insights on the future of neoliberalism in a post-COVID-19 world. <br /> <br />REVIEWS <br /> <br />In this big, bold, and brash book, Luca Mavelli explores what happens when liberal citizenship transforms into neoliberal citizenship. What happens when the market determines: who can and cannot be a member? how outsiders can be treated? who can and cannot call on the state for protection - and what kind? who lives and who dies? This is a book that transcends national, comparative, and global politics - just as neoliberalism does. Highly recommended. ― Michael N. Barnett, University Professor of International Affairs and Political Science, Elliott School of International Affairs. <br /> <br />A rich contribution to the scholarship on neoliberalism, one that develops a powerful account of the neoliberalization of quotidian citizenship to illuminate Europe's management of migration and COVID. Mavelli's thesis on sacrificial citizenship is especially provocative. ― Wendy Brown, UPS Foundation Professor, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, and author of In the Ruins of Neoliberalism <br /> <br />Erudite and passionate, Mavelli brings to urgent attention the perverse and destructive contemporary forms of neoliberal rule. Charting the lives of those considered to be 'expendable', Mavelli highlights how large sections of populations are turned into sacrificial citizens irrespective of their formal citizenship status. He provides an authoritative exposition of the neoliberal 'creative destruction' of meaning, which reverses the grammar of solidarity to the effect that: 'helping the poor' becomes a way of perpetuating their debasement; rescuing migrants becomes a 'pull factor' that will cause more deaths; and prioritising the elderly risks the destruction of the economy and society. New forms of humanitarianism and solidarity are very much needed and this book will be a major contribution to this conversation. ― David Chandler, Professor of International Relations, University of Westminster. <br /> <br />Europe is no longer the religiously and culturally homogenised territory that it once believed it was. Impacted by the end of the Cold War, globalisation, increasing immigration, and the regional rise of right-wing populism, today's Europe faces the future with fear and trepidation. Luca Mavelli has written a remarkable book which, stimulated by the 2015 'refugee crisis', took shape following the UK's 2016 Brexit vote. Mavelli explores the 'sacred' foundations of Europe's neoliberal citizenship. Also influenced by the Global Financial, Eurozone, and Covid-19 pandemic crises, Mavelli's book is an authoritative assessment of why, three decades after the Cold War, Europe is moulded by 'post-secularity' ― Jeffrey Haynes, Emeritus Professor, London Metropolitan University. <br /> <br />This is an absolutely essential read for making sense of pandemics and other recent challenges such as Europe's 'refugee crisis'. It presents an original thesis about the development of neoliberal citizenship through various practices of governance which demonstrates how the EU and other states and organisations combine a neoliberal belief in the sacredness of the market with biopolitical practices determining the sacrificial disposability of populations. This is a most compelling account of the construction of citizenship that will make a significant contribution to the field of politics and international relations. ― Jonathan Joseph, Professor of Politics and IR, University of Bristol, and author of Varieties of Resilience <br /> <br />Neoliberal citizenship is often described in terms of economization and marketization. While he acknowledges such processes, Luca Mavelli provides us with a much more detailed and nuanced picture. Eloquently playing with the multiple meanings of 'value', he convincingly shows how neoliberal citizenship blurs the boundary between economy, morals, and politics to produce hierarchies of lives that often operate regardless of formal statuses of belonging. Undocumented migrants, dispossessed citizens, and elderly in care homes during the Covid-19 pandemic populate the pages of this theoretically compelling and politically engaged work, which is ultimately crisscrossed by the desire for a post-neoliberal idea of citizenship. A must-read book in the current planetary predicament! ― Sandro Mezzadra, Professor of Political Theory, University of Bologna, and co-author ofBorder as Method <br /> <br />Neoliberal Citizenship is an original, provocative, and timely intervention. Synthesising interdisciplinary debates across political economy, migration, and security, Mavelli develops a powerful overarching argument about contemporary transformations in the concept and practice of citizenship. His unique emphasis on the emotional - as well as economic - dimensions of citizenship as a biopolitical technique of government is path-breaking. Of equal significance are the insights he offers into scarcity, the specificity of neoliberal life as the object of biopolitical care, and the multiplicity of regimes of differential inclusion. This book will leave an indelible impression on the field at large and on readers individually; I urge you to read it. ― Nick Vaughan-Williams, Professor of International Security, University of Warwick, and author of Vernacular Border Security <br /> <br />About the Author <br />Luca Mavelli is a Reader in Politics and International Relations at the University of Kent. He is the author of Europe's Encounter with Islam: The Secular and the Postsecular, and the co-editor of Towards a Postsecular International Politics and The Refugee Crisis and Religion. His articles have appeared in some of the leading journals of politics and international relations. His work has been funded by the UK Economic and Social Research Council and the British Council.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71770140" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0b0a66d146a17ea9f3ec06bc3776c937" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80976461,"asset_id":71770140,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80976461/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1857857" href="https://kent.academia.edu/LucaMavelli">Luca Mavelli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1857857" type="text/json">{"id":1857857,"first_name":"Luca","last_name":"Mavelli","domain_name":"kent","page_name":"LucaMavelli","display_name":"Luca Mavelli","profile_url":"https://kent.academia.edu/LucaMavelli?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1857857/630901/62147459/s65_luca.mavelli.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71770140 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71770140"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71770140, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71770140", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71770140]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71770140").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71770140").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71770140"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4850" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration">Migration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4850" type="text/json">{"id":4850,"name":"Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12363" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacred_Religion_">Sacred (Religion)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12363" type="text/json">{"id":12363,"name":"Sacred (Religion)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacred_Religion_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12420" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalism">Neoliberalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12420" type="text/json">{"id":12420,"name":"Neoliberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalism?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12678" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_">Sacrifice (Philosophy)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12678" type="text/json">{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71770140]'), work: {"id":71770140,"title":"Neoliberal Citizenship: Sacred Markets, Sacrificial Lives","created_at":"2022-02-17T09:42:11.124-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71770140/Neoliberal_Citizenship_Sacred_Markets_Sacrificial_Lives?f_ri=12678","dom_id":"work_71770140","summary":"With cosmopolitan illusions put to rest, Europe is now haunted by a pervasive neoliberal transformation of citizenship that subordinates inclusion, protection, and belonging to rationalities of value. Against the backdrop of four major crises - Eurozone, refugee, Brexit, and the COVID-19 pandemic - this book explores how neoliberal citizenship rewrites identities and solidarities in economic terms. The result is a sacralized market order in which those superfluous to economic needs and regarded as unproductive consumers of resources - be they undocumented migrants, debased citizens of austerity, or the elderly in care homes - are excluded and sacrificed for the well-being of the economy. Pushing biopolitical theorizing in novel directions through an investigation of the political economy of scarcity and the theology of the market, Neoliberal Citizenship reveals how a common thread connects the suspension of search-and-rescue missions in the Mediterranean, the punitive bailout of Greece, the widespread adoption of austerity measures, the normalization of racism, the celebration of resilience, and the fact that in Europe and North America, during the first wave of the pandemic, almost half of all COVID-19 deaths were care home residents. This thread is the sacralization of the market that, by making life conditional upon its economic and emotional value, turns 'less valuable' individuals into sacrificial subjects. Neoliberal Citizenship challenges established understandings of citizenship, brings to light new regimes of inclusion and exclusion, and advances critical insights on the future of neoliberalism in a post-COVID-19 world.\r\n\r\nREVIEWS\r\n\r\nIn this big, bold, and brash book, Luca Mavelli explores what happens when liberal citizenship transforms into neoliberal citizenship. What happens when the market determines: who can and cannot be a member? how outsiders can be treated? who can and cannot call on the state for protection - and what kind? who lives and who dies? This is a book that transcends national, comparative, and global politics - just as neoliberalism does. Highly recommended. ― Michael N. Barnett, University Professor of International Affairs and Political Science, Elliott School of International Affairs.\r\n\r\nA rich contribution to the scholarship on neoliberalism, one that develops a powerful account of the neoliberalization of quotidian citizenship to illuminate Europe's management of migration and COVID. Mavelli's thesis on sacrificial citizenship is especially provocative. ― Wendy Brown, UPS Foundation Professor, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, and author of In the Ruins of Neoliberalism\r\n\r\nErudite and passionate, Mavelli brings to urgent attention the perverse and destructive contemporary forms of neoliberal rule. Charting the lives of those considered to be 'expendable', Mavelli highlights how large sections of populations are turned into sacrificial citizens irrespective of their formal citizenship status. He provides an authoritative exposition of the neoliberal 'creative destruction' of meaning, which reverses the grammar of solidarity to the effect that: 'helping the poor' becomes a way of perpetuating their debasement; rescuing migrants becomes a 'pull factor' that will cause more deaths; and prioritising the elderly risks the destruction of the economy and society. New forms of humanitarianism and solidarity are very much needed and this book will be a major contribution to this conversation. ― David Chandler, Professor of International Relations, University of Westminster.\r\n\r\nEurope is no longer the religiously and culturally homogenised territory that it once believed it was. Impacted by the end of the Cold War, globalisation, increasing immigration, and the regional rise of right-wing populism, today's Europe faces the future with fear and trepidation. Luca Mavelli has written a remarkable book which, stimulated by the 2015 'refugee crisis', took shape following the UK's 2016 Brexit vote. Mavelli explores the 'sacred' foundations of Europe's neoliberal citizenship. Also influenced by the Global Financial, Eurozone, and Covid-19 pandemic crises, Mavelli's book is an authoritative assessment of why, three decades after the Cold War, Europe is moulded by 'post-secularity' ― Jeffrey Haynes, Emeritus Professor, London Metropolitan University.\r\n\r\nThis is an absolutely essential read for making sense of pandemics and other recent challenges such as Europe's 'refugee crisis'. It presents an original thesis about the development of neoliberal citizenship through various practices of governance which demonstrates how the EU and other states and organisations combine a neoliberal belief in the sacredness of the market with biopolitical practices determining the sacrificial disposability of populations. This is a most compelling account of the construction of citizenship that will make a significant contribution to the field of politics and international relations. ― Jonathan Joseph, Professor of Politics and IR, University of Bristol, and author of Varieties of Resilience\r\n\r\nNeoliberal citizenship is often described in terms of economization and marketization. While he acknowledges such processes, Luca Mavelli provides us with a much more detailed and nuanced picture. Eloquently playing with the multiple meanings of 'value', he convincingly shows how neoliberal citizenship blurs the boundary between economy, morals, and politics to produce hierarchies of lives that often operate regardless of formal statuses of belonging. Undocumented migrants, dispossessed citizens, and elderly in care homes during the Covid-19 pandemic populate the pages of this theoretically compelling and politically engaged work, which is ultimately crisscrossed by the desire for a post-neoliberal idea of citizenship. A must-read book in the current planetary predicament! ― Sandro Mezzadra, Professor of Political Theory, University of Bologna, and co-author ofBorder as Method\r\n\r\nNeoliberal Citizenship is an original, provocative, and timely intervention. Synthesising interdisciplinary debates across political economy, migration, and security, Mavelli develops a powerful overarching argument about contemporary transformations in the concept and practice of citizenship. His unique emphasis on the emotional - as well as economic - dimensions of citizenship as a biopolitical technique of government is path-breaking. Of equal significance are the insights he offers into scarcity, the specificity of neoliberal life as the object of biopolitical care, and the multiplicity of regimes of differential inclusion. This book will leave an indelible impression on the field at large and on readers individually; I urge you to read it. ― Nick Vaughan-Williams, Professor of International Security, University of Warwick, and author of Vernacular Border Security\r\n\r\nAbout the Author\r\nLuca Mavelli is a Reader in Politics and International Relations at the University of Kent. He is the author of Europe's Encounter with Islam: The Secular and the Postsecular, and the co-editor of Towards a Postsecular International Politics and The Refugee Crisis and Religion. His articles have appeared in some of the leading journals of politics and international relations. 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(Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":16323,"name":"Biopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biopolitics?f_ri=12678"},{"id":41608,"name":"Citizenship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Citizenship?f_ri=12678"},{"id":50679,"name":"Financial Crisis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Crisis?f_ri=12678"},{"id":202967,"name":"Greek Financial Crisis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Financial_Crisis?f_ri=12678"},{"id":326177,"name":"Refugee Crisis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Crisis?f_ri=12678"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5480305" data-work_id="5480305" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5480305/Sacred_Violence_Sovereign_Violence_Contrasting_the_Thought_of_Ren%C3%A9_Girard_and_Giorgio_Agamben">Sacred Violence, Sovereign Violence: Contrasting the Thought of René Girard and Giorgio Agamben</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5480305" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c8f2b78dca94f8301fe3b51972de5f77" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":9535,"name":"Giorgio Agamben","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Giorgio_Agamben?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10342" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence">Political Violence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10342" type="text/json">{"id":10342,"name":"Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12678" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_">Sacrifice (Philosophy)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12678" type="text/json">{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5480305]'), work: 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type="text/json">{"id":8303,"name":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Friedrich_Nietzsche?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12678" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_">Sacrifice (Philosophy)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12678" type="text/json">{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="31000" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tragedy_Philosophy_">Tragedy (Philosophy)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="31000" type="text/json">{"id":31000,"name":"Tragedy (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tragedy_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: 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class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="70948395"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70948395; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=70948395]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_70948395").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_70948395").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="70948395"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="813" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy">Political Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="813" type="text/json">{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1696" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory">Political Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1696" type="text/json">{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2933" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democratic_Theory">Democratic Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2933" type="text/json">{"id":2933,"name":"Democratic Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democratic_Theory?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=70948395]'), work: {"id":70948395,"title":"A Constellation of Two | Gandhi and His Elusive Conquest of Violence","created_at":"2022-02-08T10:33:34.565-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/70948395/A_Constellation_of_Two_Gandhi_and_His_Elusive_Conquest_of_Violence?f_ri=12678","dom_id":"work_70948395","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80488752,"asset_id":70948395,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11540490,"first_name":"Aishwary","last_name":"Kumar","domain_name":"stanford","page_name":"AishwaryKumar","display_name":"Aishwary Kumar","profile_url":"https://stanford.academia.edu/AishwaryKumar?f_ri=12678","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":2933,"name":"Democratic Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democratic_Theory?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":4568,"name":"Liberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberalism?f_ri=12678"},{"id":10342,"name":"Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence?f_ri=12678"},{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678"},{"id":91070,"name":"Inequality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inequality?f_ri=12678"},{"id":92458,"name":"Hindutva","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hindutva?f_ri=12678"},{"id":118633,"name":"Caste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caste?f_ri=12678"},{"id":188322,"name":"Gandhi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gandhi?f_ri=12678"},{"id":590071,"name":"Ambedkar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ambedkar?f_ri=12678"},{"id":717731,"name":"Civil Resistance \u0026 Nonviolence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Resistance_and_Nonviolence?f_ri=12678"},{"id":770519,"name":"Majoritarianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Majoritarianism?f_ri=12678"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48986862" data-work_id="48986862" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48986862/Weaning_Away_from_Idolatry_Maimonides_on_the_Purpose_of_Ritual_Sacrifices">Weaning Away from Idolatry: Maimonides on the Purpose of Ritual Sacrifices</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This essay explores Maimonides’ explanation of the Bible’s rationale behind the ritual sacrifices, namely to help wean the Jews away from idolatrous rites. After clearly elucidating Maimonides’ stance on the topic, this essay examines his... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48986862" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This essay explores Maimonides’ explanation of the Bible’s rationale behind the ritual sacrifices, namely to help wean the Jews away from idolatrous rites. After clearly elucidating Maimonides’ stance on the topic, this essay examines his view from different angles with various possible precedents in earlier rabbinic literature for such an understanding. The essay also shows why various other Jewish commentators objected to Maimonides’ understanding and how Maimonides might respond to those critiques. Additionally, this essay also situates Maimonides’ view on sacrifices within his broader worldview of the Bible’s commandments in general as serving as a counterweight to idolatrous rituals.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48986862" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bc230cd829927f61d83402245b67110b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67376287,"asset_id":48986862,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67376287/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="414682" href="https://yeshivasmir.academia.edu/ReuvenChaimKlein">Reuven Chaim Klein</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="414682" type="text/json">{"id":414682,"first_name":"Reuven Chaim","last_name":"Klein","domain_name":"yeshivasmir","page_name":"ReuvenChaimKlein","display_name":"Reuven Chaim Klein","profile_url":"https://yeshivasmir.academia.edu/ReuvenChaimKlein?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/414682/253794/14790384/s65_reuven_chaim.klein.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48986862 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48986862"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48986862, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48986862", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48986862]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48986862").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48986862").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48986862"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1302" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology">Theology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1302" type="text/json">{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4173" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hebrew_Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4173" type="text/json">{"id":4173,"name":"Hebrew Bible","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hebrew_Bible?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11308" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paganism">Paganism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11308" type="text/json">{"id":11308,"name":"Paganism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paganism?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12678" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_">Sacrifice (Philosophy)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12678" type="text/json">{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48986862]'), work: {"id":48986862,"title":"Weaning Away from Idolatry: Maimonides on the Purpose of Ritual Sacrifices","created_at":"2021-05-19T12:26:31.577-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48986862/Weaning_Away_from_Idolatry_Maimonides_on_the_Purpose_of_Ritual_Sacrifices?f_ri=12678","dom_id":"work_48986862","summary":"This essay explores Maimonides’ explanation of the Bible’s rationale behind the ritual sacrifices, namely to help wean the Jews away from idolatrous rites. After clearly elucidating Maimonides’ stance on the topic, this essay examines his view from different angles with various possible precedents in earlier rabbinic literature for such an understanding. The essay also shows why various other Jewish commentators objected to Maimonides’ understanding and how Maimonides might respond to those critiques. Additionally, this essay also situates Maimonides’ view on sacrifices within his broader worldview of the Bible’s commandments in general as serving as a counterweight to idolatrous rituals.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67376287,"asset_id":48986862,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":414682,"first_name":"Reuven Chaim","last_name":"Klein","domain_name":"yeshivasmir","page_name":"ReuvenChaimKlein","display_name":"Reuven Chaim Klein","profile_url":"https://yeshivasmir.academia.edu/ReuvenChaimKlein?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/414682/253794/14790384/s65_reuven_chaim.klein.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":4173,"name":"Hebrew Bible","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hebrew_Bible?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":11308,"name":"Paganism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paganism?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":13477,"name":"Rabbinics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinics?f_ri=12678"},{"id":18158,"name":"Rabbinic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinic_Literature?f_ri=12678"},{"id":18187,"name":"Rationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rationalism?f_ri=12678"},{"id":19430,"name":"Jewish Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Philosophy?f_ri=12678"},{"id":26445,"name":"Judaism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Judaism?f_ri=12678"},{"id":26469,"name":"Theosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theosophy?f_ri=12678"},{"id":33061,"name":"Maimonides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maimonides?f_ri=12678"},{"id":33314,"name":"Torah/Pentateuch","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Torah_Pentateuch?f_ri=12678"},{"id":67052,"name":"Judaic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Judaic_Studies?f_ri=12678"},{"id":72586,"name":"Modern Jewish Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Jewish_Thought?f_ri=12678"},{"id":110690,"name":"Polytheism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polytheism?f_ri=12678"},{"id":188771,"name":"Idolatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Idolatry?f_ri=12678"},{"id":373163,"name":"Ritual Practices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ritual_Practices?f_ri=12678"},{"id":457020,"name":"Maimonides' Guide of Perplexed","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maimonides_Guide_of_Perplexed?f_ri=12678"},{"id":756795,"name":"Hebrew and Judaic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hebrew_and_Judaic_Studies?f_ri=12678"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49130825" data-work_id="49130825" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49130825/SACRIFICE_AND_REDEMPTION_A_NEW_APPROACH_FROM_MIMETIC_THEORY_table_of_contents_">SACRIFICE AND REDEMPTION: A NEW APPROACH FROM MIMETIC THEORY (table of contents)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">What is the meaning of theories of redemption, and what use do they have? This dissertation answers these questions from the vantage point of two ideas from Girardian Mimetic Theory: the hypothesis that human relationality is rooted in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49130825" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">What is the meaning of theories of redemption, and what use do they have? This dissertation answers these questions from the vantage point of two ideas from Girardian Mimetic Theory: the hypothesis that human relationality is rooted in triangular structures of desire, and the hypothesis that the sacrificial death of Christ is what Girard calls a scapegoating event.<br /><br />For Girard, ritual sacrifice is a repetition of an original scapegoating event on which social cohesion depends. With the death of Christ, scapegoating has been denuded and sacrifice rendered inoperable, bringing humanity into a novel historical situation. Using Girard’s early seminal texts alongside crucial developments in his later work, I develop the thesis that the redemptive work is structurally a sacrificial act, but aimed at the transcending of sacrifice and the transformation of the generative potential of scapegoating; correspondingly with this objective redemptive work, believers in Christ undergo a conversion that consists in their re-orientation as subjects within a structure of transcendence determined by this sacrificial generativity. This thesis represents a significantly more systematic appraisal of the positive theological utility of sacrifice than is found in Girard’s work.<br /><br />To bolster my thesis, I reread key biblical and classical theological sources. The biblical foundation narratives and interplay of textual sources witness to a subtle subversion of scapegoating and sacrifice while still relying on sacrifice as an ordering principle. I then examine the paradigmatic theories of redemption of Peter Abelard, Anselm, and Gregory of Nyssa. Each of these theories exhibits the same sacrificial logic, despite the different ways they configure redemption.<br /><br />I conclude that theories of redemption give us ways to map the reality brought about by the process of redemption. They facilitate the believer, whose triangular relationality has been re-oriented toward the transcendent God, in navigating the new situation in which sacrifice has been transformed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49130825" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="73044c41b9e0d8c1143998914d0a7d8e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80065327,"asset_id":49130825,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80065327/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34240630" href="https://hchc.academia.edu/NicholasRoumas">Nicholas Roumas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34240630" type="text/json">{"id":34240630,"first_name":"Nicholas","last_name":"Roumas","domain_name":"hchc","page_name":"NicholasRoumas","display_name":"Nicholas Roumas","profile_url":"https://hchc.academia.edu/NicholasRoumas?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34240630/10037909/46071722/s65_nicholas.roumas.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49130825 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49130825"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49130825, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49130825", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49130825]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49130825").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49130825").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49130825"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1302" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology">Theology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1302" type="text/json">{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2264" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mimesis">Mimesis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2264" type="text/json">{"id":2264,"name":"Mimesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mimesis?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2561" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systematic_Theology">Systematic Theology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2561" type="text/json">{"id":2561,"name":"Systematic Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systematic_Theology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2562" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Theology">Philosophical Theology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2562" type="text/json">{"id":2562,"name":"Philosophical Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Theology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49130825]'), work: {"id":49130825,"title":"SACRIFICE AND REDEMPTION: A NEW APPROACH FROM MIMETIC THEORY (table of contents)","created_at":"2021-06-04T18:00:21.923-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49130825/SACRIFICE_AND_REDEMPTION_A_NEW_APPROACH_FROM_MIMETIC_THEORY_table_of_contents_?f_ri=12678","dom_id":"work_49130825","summary":"What is the meaning of theories of redemption, and what use do they have? This dissertation answers these questions from the vantage point of two ideas from Girardian Mimetic Theory: the hypothesis that human relationality is rooted in triangular structures of desire, and the hypothesis that the sacrificial death of Christ is what Girard calls a scapegoating event.\n\nFor Girard, ritual sacrifice is a repetition of an original scapegoating event on which social cohesion depends. With the death of Christ, scapegoating has been denuded and sacrifice rendered inoperable, bringing humanity into a novel historical situation. Using Girard’s early seminal texts alongside crucial developments in his later work, I develop the thesis that the redemptive work is structurally a sacrificial act, but aimed at the transcending of sacrifice and the transformation of the generative potential of scapegoating; correspondingly with this objective redemptive work, believers in Christ undergo a conversion that consists in their re-orientation as subjects within a structure of transcendence determined by this sacrificial generativity. This thesis represents a significantly more systematic appraisal of the positive theological utility of sacrifice than is found in Girard’s work.\n\nTo bolster my thesis, I reread key biblical and classical theological sources. The biblical foundation narratives and interplay of textual sources witness to a subtle subversion of scapegoating and sacrifice while still relying on sacrifice as an ordering principle. I then examine the paradigmatic theories of redemption of Peter Abelard, Anselm, and Gregory of Nyssa. Each of these theories exhibits the same sacrificial logic, despite the different ways they configure redemption.\n\nI conclude that theories of redemption give us ways to map the reality brought about by the process of redemption. They facilitate the believer, whose triangular relationality has been re-oriented toward the transcendent God, in navigating the new situation in which sacrifice has been transformed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80065327,"asset_id":49130825,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34240630,"first_name":"Nicholas","last_name":"Roumas","domain_name":"hchc","page_name":"NicholasRoumas","display_name":"Nicholas Roumas","profile_url":"https://hchc.academia.edu/NicholasRoumas?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34240630/10037909/46071722/s65_nicholas.roumas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":2264,"name":"Mimesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mimesis?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":2561,"name":"Systematic Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systematic_Theology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":2562,"name":"Philosophical Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Theology?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":5338,"name":"Liberation Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberation_Theology?f_ri=12678"},{"id":7992,"name":"Eschatology and Apocalypticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eschatology_and_Apocalypticism?f_ri=12678"},{"id":10946,"name":"Biblical Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biblical_Theology?f_ri=12678"},{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678"},{"id":18145,"name":"Gregory of Nyssa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gregory_of_Nyssa?f_ri=12678"},{"id":20268,"name":"The Atonement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Atonement?f_ri=12678"},{"id":20905,"name":"Apocrypha/Pseudepigrapha","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apocrypha_Pseudepigrapha?f_ri=12678"},{"id":22347,"name":"Sacrifice (Anthropology Of Religion)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Anthropology_Of_Religion_?f_ri=12678"},{"id":25111,"name":"Mimetic Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mimetic_Theory?f_ri=12678"},{"id":27273,"name":"René Girard","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ren%C3%A9_Girard?f_ri=12678"},{"id":36936,"name":"Dionysius the Areopagite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dionysius_the_Areopagite?f_ri=12678"},{"id":40785,"name":"Biblical Exegesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biblical_Exegesis?f_ri=12678"},{"id":46429,"name":"Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economy?f_ri=12678"},{"id":53546,"name":"Anselm of Canterbury","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anselm_of_Canterbury?f_ri=12678"},{"id":103617,"name":"Peter Abelard","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peter_Abelard?f_ri=12678"},{"id":168013,"name":"Scapegoat Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scapegoat_Theory?f_ri=12678"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34669405" data-work_id="34669405" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34669405/Eternal_Immolation_could_a_Trinitarian_coordinating_concept_for_Theistic_Metaphysics_solve_the_Problems_of_Theodicy">Eternal Immolation: could a Trinitarian coordinating-concept for Theistic Metaphysics solve the Problems of Theodicy?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The author contextualizes the Problem of Evil in Open Theism system, listing its main theses, primarily the logic-of-love-defense (and free-will-defense) connected to Trinitarian speculation. After evaluating the discussion in Analytic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34669405" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The author contextualizes the Problem of Evil in Open Theism system, listing its main theses, primarily the logic-of-love-defense (and free-will-defense) connected to Trinitarian speculation. After evaluating the discussion in Analytic Philosophy of Religion, the focus is on the personal mystery of evil, claiming that, because of mystery and vagueness, the Problem of Evil is undecidable. Recalling other schools of thought (Pareyson: ontology of freedom; Moltmann: Dialectical theology; Kenotic theology; Original Sin hermeneutics), the author tries to grasp their common insights. One of them is the evident explanatory failure of theodicies, expressed in the antinomian statements 'God is not innocent'. The author follows these insights, developing the concept of Eternal Immolation (Bulgakov), arguing that, without a proper understanding of its mystery (what is, and what is not), theistic theodicy could remain compromised. 'Eternal Immolation' is considered consequent – or already present – in recent speculations, it stands or falls when we accept that these reveal some unresolved points in Christian doctrine. Hence, 'Eternal Immolation' becomes a coordinating-concept, able to bring together their assumptions: several kinds of kenosis, the ontology of freedom with a logic-of-love defense, strongly linked to a libertarian human freedom, and the acknowledgement of the unresolved mystery of evil.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34669405" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="66d69a7e2e7b7615d3e7bf0f3d3a7b98" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56318901,"asset_id":34669405,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56318901/download_file?st=MTczMjY1Njg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14586171" href="https://urbinoc.academia.edu/DamianoMigliorini">Damiano Migliorini</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14586171" type="text/json">{"id":14586171,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Migliorini","domain_name":"urbinoc","page_name":"DamianoMigliorini","display_name":"Damiano Migliorini","profile_url":"https://urbinoc.academia.edu/DamianoMigliorini?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14586171/24499687/23398156/s65_damiano.migliorini.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34669405 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34669405"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34669405, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34669405", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34669405]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34669405").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34669405").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34669405"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">63</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="109" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity">Christianity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="109" type="text/json">{"id":109,"name":"Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="804" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="804" type="text/json">{"id":804,"name":"Metaphysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34669405]'), work: {"id":34669405,"title":"Eternal Immolation: could a Trinitarian coordinating-concept for Theistic Metaphysics solve the Problems of Theodicy?","created_at":"2017-09-25T03:58:18.230-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34669405/Eternal_Immolation_could_a_Trinitarian_coordinating_concept_for_Theistic_Metaphysics_solve_the_Problems_of_Theodicy?f_ri=12678","dom_id":"work_34669405","summary":"The author contextualizes the Problem of Evil in Open Theism system, listing its main theses, primarily the logic-of-love-defense (and free-will-defense) connected to Trinitarian speculation. After evaluating the discussion in Analytic Philosophy of Religion, the focus is on the personal mystery of evil, claiming that, because of mystery and vagueness, the Problem of Evil is undecidable. Recalling other schools of thought (Pareyson: ontology of freedom; Moltmann: Dialectical theology; Kenotic theology; Original Sin hermeneutics), the author tries to grasp their common insights. One of them is the evident explanatory failure of theodicies, expressed in the antinomian statements 'God is not innocent'. The author follows these insights, developing the concept of Eternal Immolation (Bulgakov), arguing that, without a proper understanding of its mystery (what is, and what is not), theistic theodicy could remain compromised. 'Eternal Immolation' is considered consequent – or already present – in recent speculations, it stands or falls when we accept that these reveal some unresolved points in Christian doctrine. Hence, 'Eternal Immolation' becomes a coordinating-concept, able to bring together their assumptions: several kinds of kenosis, the ontology of freedom with a logic-of-love defense, strongly linked to a libertarian human freedom, and the acknowledgement of the unresolved mystery of evil.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56318901,"asset_id":34669405,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14586171,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Migliorini","domain_name":"urbinoc","page_name":"DamianoMigliorini","display_name":"Damiano Migliorini","profile_url":"https://urbinoc.academia.edu/DamianoMigliorini?f_ri=12678","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14586171/24499687/23398156/s65_damiano.migliorini.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":109,"name":"Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":804,"name":"Metaphysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics?f_ri=12678","nofollow":false},{"id":902,"name":"Philosophy Of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Religion?f_ri=12678"},{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=12678"},{"id":2546,"name":"Liturgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liturgy?f_ri=12678"},{"id":2561,"name":"Systematic Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systematic_Theology?f_ri=12678"},{"id":7411,"name":"Theodicy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theodicy?f_ri=12678"},{"id":8721,"name":"Trinity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trinity?f_ri=12678"},{"id":10713,"name":"Christology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christology?f_ri=12678"},{"id":12678,"name":"Sacrifice (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice_Philosophy_?f_ri=12678"},{"id":14844,"name":"Faith","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Faith?f_ri=12678"},{"id":18297,"name":"Free 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