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class="mw-page-title-main">Cherson (theme)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_(%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9)" title="خيرسون (ثيمة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خيرسون (ثيمة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Querson%C3%A8s_(tema)" title="Quersonès (tema) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Quersonès (tema)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherson_(byzantinisches_Thema)" title="Cherson (byzantinisches Thema) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cherson (byzantinisches Thema)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%AD%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%A7%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%83%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Θέμα Χερσώνος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θέμα Χερσώνος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tema_de_Quersoneso" title="Tema de Quersoneso – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tema de Quersoneso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crim%C3%A9e_byzantine" title="Crimée byzantine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Crimée byzantine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%B4" title="Խերսոնեսի թեմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խերսոնեսի թեմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherson_(tema)" title="Cherson (tema) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cherson (tema)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thema_Cherson" title="Thema Cherson – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Thema Cherson" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Херсон (тема) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Херсон (тема)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B1%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8E%E3%82%B9" title="テマ・ケルソーノス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="テマ・ケルソーノス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tema_do_Quersoneso" title="Tema do Quersoneso – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tema do Quersoneso" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thema_Chersonesus" title="Thema Chersonesus – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Thema Chersonesus" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Херсон (фема) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Херсон (фема)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Херсон (тема) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Херсон (тема)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hersonos_(thema)" title="Hersonos (thema) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hersonos (thema)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Херсон (фема) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Херсон (фема)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherson_(thema)" title="Cherson (thema) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cherson (thema)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E6%9D%BE%E5%86%9B%E5%8C%BA" title="赫尔松军区 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="赫尔松军区" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1070397#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Byzantine theme (administrative district)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1048730501">.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv td,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-native{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms td{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms table{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms tbody tr:first-child td{width:50%;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-former-subdiv vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Theme of Cherson (Klimata)<div class="ib-former-subdiv-native nickname"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Χερσῶν, θέμα Χερσῶνος (τὰ Κλίματα)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category"><a href="/wiki/Theme_(country_subdivision)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme (country subdivision)">Theme</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category">ca. 833/840–1204</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Theme-cherson_1000ad.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Theme-cherson_1000ad.png/220px-Theme-cherson_1000ad.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Theme-cherson_1000ad.png/330px-Theme-cherson_1000ad.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Theme-cherson_1000ad.png/440px-Theme-cherson_1000ad.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1402" /></a></span><br />Map of the Theme of Cherson within the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> in 1000 AD.</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chersonesus" title="Chersonesus">Cherson</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data">Middle Ages</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">ca. 833 or 840</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Destruction of Cherson </div></th><td class="infobox-data">988/989</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond" title="Empire of Trebizond">Empire of Trebizond</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">after 1204</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazars</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Perateia" title="Perateia">Perateia</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Theme of Cherson</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">θέμα Χερσῶνος</span></span></span>, <i>Thema Chersōnos</i>), originally and formally called the <b>Klimata</b> (Greek: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">τὰ Κλίματα</span></span>), was a <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> <a href="/wiki/Theme_(Byzantine_district)" title="Theme (Byzantine district)">theme</a> (a military-civilian province) located in the southern <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a>, headquartered at <a href="/wiki/Chersonesus" title="Chersonesus">Cherson</a>. </p><p>The theme was officially established in the early 830s and was an important centre of <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> commerce. Despite the destruction of the city of Cherson in the 980s, the theme recovered and prospered, enduring until it became a part of the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond" title="Empire of Trebizond">Empire of Trebizond</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">dissolution of the Byzantine Empire</a> in 1204. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cherson_(theme)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region had been under <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> and later Byzantine imperial control until the early 8th century, but passed under <a href="/wiki/Khazar" class="mw-redirect" title="Khazar">Khazar</a> control thereafter. Byzantine authority was re-established by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Theophilos_(emperor)" title="Theophilos (emperor)">Theophilos</a> (r. 829–842), who displayed interest in the northern littoral of the Black Sea and especially his relations with the Khazars. Traditional scholarship dates the establishment of Cherson as the seat of a theme in ca. 833/4,<sup id="cite_ref-DOAKS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOAKS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ODB_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPertusi1952182–183_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPertusi1952182–183-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but more recent researchers have linked it with the Byzantine mission to construct the new Khazar capital at <a href="/wiki/Sarkel" title="Sarkel">Sarkel</a> in 839, and identify <a href="/wiki/Petronas_Kamateros" title="Petronas Kamateros">Petronas Kamateros</a>, the architect of Sarkel, as the theme's first governor (<i><a href="/wiki/Strategos" title="Strategos">strategos</a></i>) in 840/1.<sup id="cite_ref-EHW1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EHW1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new province was at first called <i>ta Klimata</i>, "the regions/districts", but due to the prominence of the capital Cherson, by ca. 860 it was known even in official documents as the "Theme of Cherson".<sup id="cite_ref-DOAKS_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOAKS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EHW1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EHW1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEODB"Klima"_(A._Kazhdan),_p._1133_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEODB"Klima"_(A._Kazhdan),_p._1133-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The province played an important role in Byzantine relations with the Khazars and later, after the Khazar Khaganate's collapse, with the <a href="/wiki/Pechenegs" title="Pechenegs">Pechenegs</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rus%27_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rus' (people)">Rus'</a>. It was a center for <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_diplomacy" title="Byzantine diplomacy">Byzantine diplomacy</a> rather than military activity, since the military establishment in the theme seems to have been small and to have chiefly consisted of a locally raised militia. Its weakness is underlined by the stipulation, in the Byzantine treaties with the Rus' of <a href="/wiki/Rus%27%E2%80%93Byzantine_Treaty_(945)" title="Rus'–Byzantine Treaty (945)">945</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rus%27%E2%80%93Byzantine_War_(970%E2%80%93971)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rus'–Byzantine War (970–971)">971</a>, of the latter's undertaking to defend it against the <a href="/wiki/Volga_Bulgars" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga Bulgars">Volga Bulgars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EHW3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EHW3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cherson prospered greatly during the 9th–11th centuries as a centre of Black Sea commerce, despite the city's destruction by <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_of_Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir of Kiev">Vladimir of Kiev</a> in 988/9 due to a dispute over the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Romanos_II" title="Romanos II">Romanos II</a>, Anna.<sup id="cite_ref-DOAKS_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOAKS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ODB_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city recovered quickly: the city's fortifications were restored and extended to the harbour in the early 11th century. At the same time, possibly after the defeat of <a href="/wiki/Georgius_Tzul" title="Georgius Tzul">Georgius Tzul</a> in 1016, the theme was extended over the eastern Crimea as well, as evidenced by the styling of a certain Leo Aliates as "<i>strategos</i> of Cherson and <a href="/wiki/Sougdaia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sougdaia">Sougdaia</a>" in 1059. The region however was lost again in the late 11th century to the <a href="/wiki/Cumans" title="Cumans">Cumans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EHW4_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EHW4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almost nothing is known of Cherson in the 12th century, pointing to a rather tranquil period. Cherson and its province remained under Byzantine control until the dissolution of the Empire by the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a> in 1204, when they passed under the sovereignty of the breakaway <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond" title="Empire of Trebizond">Empire of Trebizond</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Perateia" title="Perateia">Perateia</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-ODB_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EHW4_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EHW4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cherson_(theme)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Nikephoros_Kassiteras,_protospatharios_and_strategos_of_Cherson.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Seal_of_Nikephoros_Kassiteras%2C_protospatharios_and_strategos_of_Cherson.png/220px-Seal_of_Nikephoros_Kassiteras%2C_protospatharios_and_strategos_of_Cherson.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Seal_of_Nikephoros_Kassiteras%2C_protospatharios_and_strategos_of_Cherson.png/330px-Seal_of_Nikephoros_Kassiteras%2C_protospatharios_and_strategos_of_Cherson.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Seal_of_Nikephoros_Kassiteras%2C_protospatharios_and_strategos_of_Cherson.png/440px-Seal_of_Nikephoros_Kassiteras%2C_protospatharios_and_strategos_of_Cherson.png 2x" data-file-width="858" data-file-height="444" /></a><figcaption>Seal of Nikephoros Kassiteras, <i><a href="/wiki/Protospatharios" title="Protospatharios">protospatharios</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Strategos" title="Strategos">strategos</a></i> of Cherson</figcaption></figure> <p>The Theme of Cherson appears to have been organized in typical fashion, with the full array of thematic officials, of whom a <i><a href="/wiki/Tourmarches" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourmarches">tourmarches</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Goths" title="Crimean Goths">Gothia</a> is known at the turn of the 11th century, as well as the ubiquitous fiscal and customs officials known as <i><a href="/wiki/Kommerkiarios" title="Kommerkiarios">kommerkiarioi</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-EHW2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EHW2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cities of the theme, however, appear to have retained considerable autonomy in their own government, as exemplified by Cherson itself, which was administered by the local magnates (<i><a href="/wiki/Archon" title="Archon">archontes</a></i>) under a <i>proteuon</i> ("the first").<sup id="cite_ref-DOAKS_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOAKS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ODB_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EHW1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EHW1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cherson also retained the right to issue its own <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_coinage" title="Byzantine coinage">coins</a>, having resumed minting under Emperor <a href="/wiki/Michael_III" title="Michael III">Michael III</a> (r. 842–867), and was for a long time the only <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_mints" title="Byzantine mints">provincial mint</a> outside <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DOAKS_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOAKS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EHW2_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EHW2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its autonomy is also evidenced by the fact that the imperial government paid annual subsidies (<i>pakta</i>) to the city leaders in the fashion of allied rulers, and in the advice of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Porphyrogennetos" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine Porphyrogennetos">Constantine Porphyrogennetos</a> (r. 913–959) in his <i><a href="/wiki/De_Administrando_Imperio" title="De Administrando Imperio">De Administrando Imperio</a></i> to the local <i>strategos</i> concerning the possibility of a revolt in the city: he was to cease payment of the subsidies and relocate to some other city in the theme.<sup id="cite_ref-EHW2_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EHW2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 11th century, the theme was governed by a <i><a href="/wiki/Katepano" title="Katepano">katepano</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-EHW4_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EHW4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cherson_(theme)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-DOAKS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DOAKS_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DOAKS_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DOAKS_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DOAKS_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DOAKS_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNesbittOikonomides1991">Nesbitt & Oikonomides 1991</a>, pp. 182–183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODB-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ODB_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODB_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODB_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODB_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFODB">ODB</a>, "Cherson" (O. Pritsak, A. Cutler), pp. 418–419.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPertusi1952182–183-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPertusi1952182–183_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPertusi1952">Pertusi 1952</a>, pp. 182–183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EHW1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EHW1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EHW1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EHW1_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPapageorgiou2008">Papageorgiou 2008</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blacksea.ehw.gr/forms/fLemmaBodyExtended.aspx?lemmaid=11973&boithimata_State=&kefalaia_State=#chapter_1">Chapter 1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131111064152/http://blacksea.ehw.gr/forms/fLemmaBodyExtended.aspx?lemmaid=11973&boithimata_State=&kefalaia_State=#chapter_1">Archived</a> November 11, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEODB"Klima"_(A._Kazhdan),_p._1133-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEODB"Klima"_(A._Kazhdan),_p._1133_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFODB">ODB</a>, "Klima" (A. Kazhdan), p. 1133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EHW3-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EHW3_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPapageorgiou2008">Papageorgiou 2008</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blacksea.ehw.gr/forms/fLemmaBodyExtended.aspx?lemmaid=11973&boithimata_State=&kefalaia_State=#chapter_3">Chapter 3</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131111064152/http://blacksea.ehw.gr/forms/fLemmaBodyExtended.aspx?lemmaid=11973&boithimata_State=&kefalaia_State=#chapter_3">Archived</a> November 11, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EHW4-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EHW4_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EHW4_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EHW4_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPapageorgiou2008">Papageorgiou 2008</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blacksea.ehw.gr/forms/fLemmaBodyExtended.aspx?lemmaid=11973&boithimata_State=&kefalaia_State=#chapter_4">Chapter 4</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131111064152/http://blacksea.ehw.gr/forms/fLemmaBodyExtended.aspx?lemmaid=11973&boithimata_State=&kefalaia_State=#chapter_4">Archived</a> November 11, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EHW2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EHW2_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EHW2_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EHW2_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPapageorgiou2008">Papageorgiou 2008</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blacksea.ehw.gr/forms/fLemmaBodyExtended.aspx?lemmaid=11973&boithimata_State=&kefalaia_State=#chapter_2">Chapter 2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131111064152/http://blacksea.ehw.gr/forms/fLemmaBodyExtended.aspx?lemmaid=11973&boithimata_State=&kefalaia_State=#chapter_2">Archived</a> November 11, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cherson_(theme)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAjbabin2011" class="citation book cs1">Ajbabin, Aleksandr I. (2011). <i>Archäologie und Geschichte der Krim in byzantinischer Zeit</i>. Monographien des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums. Vol. 98. Mainz: Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-88467-188-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-88467-188-7"><bdi>978-3-88467-188-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arch%C3%A4ologie+und+Geschichte+der+Krim+in+byzantinischer+Zeit&rft.place=Mainz&rft.series=Monographien+des+R%C3%B6misch-Germanischen+Zentralmuseums&rft.pub=Verlag+des+R%C3%B6misch-Germanischen+Zentralmuseums&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-3-88467-188-7&rft.aulast=Ajbabin&rft.aufirst=Aleksandr+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherson+%28theme%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbrecht2013" class="citation book cs1">Albrecht, Stefan (2013). <i>Quellen zur Geschichte der byzantinischen Krim</i>. Monographien des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums. Vol. 101. Mainz: Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-88467-197-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-88467-197-9"><bdi>978-3-88467-197-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quellen+zur+Geschichte+der+byzantinischen+Krim&rft.place=Mainz&rft.series=Monographien+des+R%C3%B6misch-Germanischen+Zentralmuseums&rft.pub=Verlag+des+R%C3%B6misch-Germanischen+Zentralmuseums&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-3-88467-197-9&rft.aulast=Albrecht&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherson+%28theme%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFODB" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kazhdan" title="Alexander Kazhdan">Kazhdan, Alexander</a>, ed. (1991). <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_Byzantium" title="Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium">The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium</a></i>. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-504652-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-504652-8"><bdi>0-19-504652-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Byzantium&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-19-504652-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherson+%28theme%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNesbittOikonomides1991" class="citation book cs1">Nesbitt, John; <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Oikonomides" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolas Oikonomides">Oikonomides, Nicolas</a>, eds. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cUJmAAAAMAAJ"><i>Catalogue of Byzantine Seals at Dumbarton Oaks and in the Fogg Museum of Art, Volume 1: Italy, North of the Balkans, North of the Black Sea</i></a>. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88402-194-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-88402-194-7"><bdi>0-88402-194-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catalogue+of+Byzantine+Seals+at+Dumbarton+Oaks+and+in+the+Fogg+Museum+of+Art%2C+Volume+1%3A+Italy%2C+North+of+the+Balkans%2C+North+of+the+Black+Sea&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Dumbarton+Oaks+Research+Library+and+Collection&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-88402-194-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcUJmAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherson+%28theme%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNystazopoulou-Pélékidou1998" class="citation book cs1">Nystazopoulou-Pélékidou, Marie (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.openedition.org/psorbonne/4300">"L'administration locale de Cherson à l'époque byzantine (IV<sup>e</sup>-XII<sup>e</sup> s.)"</a>. <i>ΕΥΨΥΧΙΑ. Mélanges offerts à Hélène Ahrweiler</i>. Paris: Éditions de la Sorbonne. pp. 567–579. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782859448301" title="Special:BookSources/9782859448301"><bdi>9782859448301</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=L%E2%80%99administration+locale+de+Cherson+%C3%A0+l%E2%80%99%C3%A9poque+byzantine+%28IV%3Csup%3Ee%3C%2Fsup%3E-XII%3Csup%3Ee%3C%2Fsup%3E+s.%29&rft.btitle=%CE%95%CE%A5%CE%A8%CE%A5%CE%A7%CE%99%CE%91.+M%C3%A9langes+offerts+%C3%A0+H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne+Ahrweiler&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=567-579&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+de+la+Sorbonne&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9782859448301&rft.aulast=Nystazopoulou-P%C3%A9l%C3%A9kidou&rft.aufirst=Marie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.openedition.org%2Fpsorbonne%2F4300&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherson+%28theme%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapageorgiou2008" class="citation web cs1">Papageorgiou, Angeliki (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131111071002/http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=11973">"Theme of Cherson (Klimata)"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia of the Hellenic World, Black Sea</i>. Foundation of the Hellenic World. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=11973">the original</a> on 11 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+of+the+Hellenic+World%2C+Black+Sea&rft.atitle=Theme+of+Cherson+%28Klimata%29&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Papageorgiou&rft.aufirst=Angeliki&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ehw.gr%2Fl.aspx%3Fid%3D11973&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherson+%28theme%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPertusi1952" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pertusi, A. (1952). <i>Constantino Porfirogenito: De Thematibus</i> (in Italian). Rome: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constantino+Porfirogenito%3A+De+Thematibus&rft.place=Rome&rft.pub=Biblioteca+Apostolica+Vaticana&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Pertusi&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherson+%28theme%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cherson_(theme)&params=44.676_N_34.063_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°40′34″N</span> <span class="longitude">34°03′47″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.676°N 34.063°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.676; 34.063</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Anatolic_Theme" title="Anatolic Theme">Anatolic Theme</a></li> <li>2. <a href="/wiki/Armeniac_Theme" title="Armeniac Theme">Armeniac Theme</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/Cappadocia_(theme)" title="Cappadocia (theme)">Cappadocia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charsianon" title="Charsianon">Charsianon</a>)</li> <li>3. <a href="/wiki/Thracesian_Theme" title="Thracesian Theme">Thracesian Theme</a></li> <li>4. <a href="/wiki/Opsikion" title="Opsikion">Opsician Theme</a></li> <li>5. <a href="/wiki/Optimatoi" title="Optimatoi">Optimates</a></li> <li>6. <a href="/wiki/Bucellarian_Theme" title="Bucellarian Theme">Bucellarian Theme</a></li> <li>7. <a href="/wiki/Paphlagonia_(theme)" title="Paphlagonia (theme)">Paphlagonia</a></li> <li>8. <a href="/wiki/Chaldia" title="Chaldia">Chaldia</a></li> <li>9. <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia_(theme)" title="Mesopotamia (theme)">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li>10. <a href="/wiki/Koloneia_(theme)" title="Koloneia (theme)">Koloneia</a></li> <li>11. <a href="/wiki/Sebasteia_(theme)" title="Sebasteia (theme)">Sebasteia</a></li> <li>12. <a href="/wiki/Lykandos" title="Lykandos">Lykandos</a></li> <li>13. <a href="/wiki/Seleucia_(theme)" title="Seleucia (theme)">Seleucia</a></li> <li>14. <a href="/wiki/Cibyrrhaeot_Theme" title="Cibyrrhaeot Theme">Cibyrrhaeot Theme</a></li> <li>15. <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_(theme)" title="Cyprus (theme)">Cyprus</a></li> <li>16. <a href="/wiki/Samos_(theme)" title="Samos (theme)">Samos</a></li> <li>17. <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea_(theme)" title="Aegean Sea (theme)">Aegean Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Western or European themes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1. <a href="/wiki/Thrace_(theme)" title="Thrace (theme)">Thrace</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li>2. <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(theme)" title="Macedonia (theme)">Macedonia</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li>3. <a href="/wiki/Strymon_(theme)" title="Strymon (theme)">Strymon</a></li> <li>4. <a href="/wiki/Thessalonica_(theme)" title="Thessalonica (theme)">Thessalonica</a></li> <li>5. <a href="/wiki/Hellas_(theme)" title="Hellas (theme)">Hellas</a></li> <li>6. <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese_(theme)" title="Peloponnese (theme)">Peloponnese</a></li> <li>7. <a href="/wiki/Cephallenia_(theme)" title="Cephallenia (theme)">Cephallenia</a></li> <li>8. <a href="/wiki/Nicopolis_(theme)" title="Nicopolis (theme)">Nicopolis</a></li> <li>9. <a href="/wiki/Dyrrhachium_(theme)" title="Dyrrhachium (theme)">Dyrrhachium</a></li> <li>10. <a href="/wiki/Sicily_(theme)" title="Sicily (theme)">Sicily</a></li> <li>11. <a href="/wiki/Longobardia" title="Longobardia">Longobardia</a></li> <li>12. <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cherson/Klimata</a></li> <li>(omitted: <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia_(theme)" title="Dalmatia (theme)">Dalmatia</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>§</sup> Thrace and Macedonia were counted among the Eastern themes for hierarchical purposes</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_the_Roman_and_Byzantine_Empire_in_modern_territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Roman_history_by_territory" 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Albania">Albania (Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Albania_under_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Albania under the Byzantine Empire">Medieval)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauretania_Caesariensis" title="Mauretania Caesariensis">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra#Iberian_and_Roman_Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Armenia" title="Roman Armenia">Armenia (Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Armenia" title="Byzantine Armenia">Late Antique)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_influence_in_Caucasian_Albania" title="Roman influence in Caucasian Albania">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Austria#Roman_era" title="History of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Balkans#Roman_period" title="History of the Balkans">Balkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Belgica" title="Gallia Belgica">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina#Roman_period" title="Early history of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Bulgaria">Bulgaria (Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_(theme)" title="Bulgaria (theme)">High Medieval)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Britain (England)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Crimea">Crimea (Classical</a> - <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Medieval)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatia#Roman_provinces_of_Pannonia_and_Dalmatia" title="History of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Cyprus" title="Roman Cyprus">Cyprus (Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_in_the_Middle_Ages#Byzantine_period" title="Cyprus in the Middle Ages">Medieval)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egypt (Roman province)">Egypt (Classical ~ Late Antique)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Gaul" title="Roman Gaul">France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corsica_and_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Corsica and Sardinia">Corsica (Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Corsica#Eastern_Imperial_suzerainty" title="Medieval Corsica">Early Medieval)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Greece">Greece (Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greece" title="Byzantine Greece">Medieval)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Crete_and_Cyrenaica" title="Crete and Cyrenaica">Crete (Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Crete" title="Byzantine Crete">Medieval)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Guernsey#Prehistory" title="History of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hungary_before_the_Hungarian_Conquest#Roman_era" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Hungary before the Hungarian Conquest">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq#History" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia_(Roman_province)" title="Mesopotamia (Roman province)">(Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia_(theme)" title="Mesopotamia (theme)">Medieval)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iudaea_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Iudaea Province">Israel (Classical ~ Late Antique)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Italy" title="Roman Italy">Italy (Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Italy" title="Byzantine Italy">Medieval)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Sicily">Sicily (Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Sicily_(theme)" title="Sicily (theme)">Medieval)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corsica_and_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Corsica and Sardinia">Sardinia (Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Sardinia" title="Byzantine Sardinia">Early Medieval)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jersey#Early_history" title="History of Jersey">Jersey</a> <a href="/wiki/Gallia_Lugdunensis" title="Gallia Lugdunensis">(Classical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan#Classical_period" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> <a href="/wiki/Arabia_Petraea" title="Arabia Petraea">(Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Ghassanids" title="Ghassanids">Late Antique/Medieval)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo#Roman_period" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> <a href="/wiki/Roman_heritage_in_Kosovo" title="Roman heritage in Kosovo">(Classical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia_(Roman_province)" title="Mesopotamia (Roman province)">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia_under_Roman_rule" title="Phoenicia under Roman rule">Lebanon (Classical ~ Late Antique)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Libya" title="Roman Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Liechtenstein#Antiquity" title="History of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Luxembourg#Early_history" title="History of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Malta#Roman_rule" title="History of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="History of Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesian_Limes#Expansion_beyond" title="Moesian Limes">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Monaco#Roman_rule" title="History of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praevalitana" title="Praevalitana">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Morocco#Roman,_and_sub-Roman_Morocco" title="History of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romans_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Romans in the Netherlands">The Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Africa_during_classical_antiquity#Roman_era" title="North Africa during classical antiquity">North Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Palestine" title="Roman Palestine">Palestine (Classical ~ Late Antique)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal#Romanization" title="History of Portugal">Portugal</a> <a href="/wiki/Lusitania" title="Lusitania">(Classical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dacia" title="Roman Dacia">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_San_Marino#The_Foundation_Myth" title="History of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Romans_in_Arabia" title="History of the Romans in Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> <a href="/wiki/Limes_Arabicus" title="Limes Arabicus">(Classical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_during_the_Roman_Empire" title="Scotland during the Roman Empire">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Slovakia#Iron_Age_and_the_Roman_era" title="History of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Slovenia#Ancient_Romans" title="History of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Spain (Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Spain">Late Antique)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Syria" title="Roman Syria">Syria (Classical ~ Late Antique)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City#Early_history" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> <a href="/wiki/Ager_Vaticanus" title="Ager Vaticanus">(Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Rome" title="Duchy of Rome">Early Medieval)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesian_Limes#Expansion_beyond" title="Moesian Limes">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Roman-era_Tunisia" title="History of Roman-era Tunisia">Tunisia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_Carthage" title="Roman Carthage">Roman Carthage</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Anatolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Anatolia">Turkey (Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Anatolia" title="Byzantine Anatolia">Medieval)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Thrace">Thrace (Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Thrace">Medieval)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Territories_with_limited_Roman_Empire_occupation_and_contact" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupied<br />partially or temporarily</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romans_in_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Romans in Arabia">Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_influence_in_Caucasian_Albania" title="Roman influence in Caucasian Albania">Caucasian Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Armenia" title="Roman Armenia">Roman Armenia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Armenia" title="Byzantine Armenia">Byzantine Armenia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyria_(Roman_province)" title="Assyria (Roman province)">Assyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Crimea">Roman Crimea</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cherson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dacia" title="Roman Dacia">Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia_(Roman_province)" title="Mesopotamia (Roman province)">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romans_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Romans in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romans_in_Persia" title="Romans in Persia">Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romans_in_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Romans in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_during_the_Roman_Empire" title="Scotland during the Roman Empire">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Nubian_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman–Nubian relations">Sudan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_SPQR_banner.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Roman_SPQR_banner.svg/100px-Roman_SPQR_banner.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Roman_SPQR_banner.svg/150px-Roman_SPQR_banner.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Roman_SPQR_banner.svg/200px-Roman_SPQR_banner.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="289" data-file-height="229" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contacts &<br />explorations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands_in_pre-colonial_times#Historical_background" title="Canary Islands in pre-colonial times">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Roman_relations" title="Sino-Roman relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo%E2%80%93Roman_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo–Roman relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiberno-Roman_relations" title="Hiberno-Roman relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic-Roman_contacts" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic-Roman contacts">Scandinavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periplus_of_the_Erythraean_Sea" title="Periplus of the Erythraean Sea">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romans_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Romans in Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nero%27s_exploration_of_the_Nile_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Nero's exploration of the Nile river">Equatorial Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_the_Roman_Empire" title="Borders of the Roman Empire">Borders of the Roman Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cherson_(theme)&oldid=1252820842">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cherson_(theme)&oldid=1252820842</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Themes_of_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Category:Themes of the Byzantine Empire">Themes of the Byzantine Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:830s_establishments" title="Category:830s establishments">830s establishments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Medieval_Crimea" 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