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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krimgoten" title="Krimgoten – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Krimgoten" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C4%B1m_qotlar%C4%B1" title="Krım qotları – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Krım qotları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Кримски готи – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кримски готи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krym%C5%A1t%C3%AD_G%C3%B3tov%C3%A9" title="Krymští Gótové – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Krymští Gótové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krimgoten" title="Krimgoten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Krimgoten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godos_de_Crimea" title="Godos de Crimea – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Godos de Crimea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goths_de_Crim%C3%A9e" title="Goths de Crimée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Goths de Crimée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌺𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍃 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌺𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%BC_%EA%B3%A0%ED%8A%B8%EC%9D%B8" title="크림 고트인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="크림 고트인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goth_Krimea" title="Goth Krimea – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Goth Krimea" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goti_di_Crimea" title="Goti di Crimea – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Goti di Crimea" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krymo_gotai" title="Krymo gotai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Krymo gotai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%9F%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B4%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E6%97%8F" title="クリミアゴート族 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クリミアゴート族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krimgotere" title="Krimgotere – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Krimgotere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godos_da_Crimeia" title="Godos da Crimeia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Godos da Crimeia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Крымские готы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Крымские готы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krymsk%C3%AD_G%C3%B3ti" title="Krymskí Góti – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Krymskí Góti" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krimski_Goti" title="Krimski Goti – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Krimski Goti" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Кримски Готи – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кримски Готи" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krimin_gootit" title="Krimin gootit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Krimin gootit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krimgoter" title="Krimgoter – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Krimgoter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Ref_expand plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs more complete <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Help:Footnotes" title="Help:Footnotes">add missing citation information</a> so that sources are clearly identifiable.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Theodoro.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Theodoro.png/440px-Theodoro.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Theodoro.png/660px-Theodoro.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Theodoro.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="302" /></a><figcaption>Map of Gothia – territory of the Crimean Goths</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Crimean Goths</b> were <a href="/wiki/Greuthungi" title="Greuthungi">Greuthungi</a>-<a href="/wiki/Goths" title="Goths">Gothic</a> tribes or <a href="/wiki/West_Germanic_languages" title="West Germanic languages">Western Germanic</a> tribes that bore the name <i><a href="/wiki/Name_of_the_Goths" title="Name of the Goths">Gothi</a></i>, a title applied to various Germanic tribes that remained in the lands around the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>, especially in <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a>. They were the longest-lasting of the Gothic communities. Their existence is well attested through the ages, though the exact period when they ceased to exist as a distinct <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a> is unknown; as with the Goths in general, they may have become diffused among the surrounding peoples. In his Fourth Turkish letter, <a href="/wiki/Ogier_Ghiselin_de_Busbecq" title="Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq">Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq</a> (1522–1592) describes them as "<i>a warlike people, who to this day inhabit many villages</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, in the 5th century, the <a href="/wiki/Ostrogoths" title="Ostrogoths">Ostrogothic</a> ruler <a href="/wiki/Theodoric_the_Great" title="Theodoric the Great">Theodoric the Great</a> failed to rouse Crimean Goths to support his 488–493 war in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wolfram_271-280_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wolfram_271-280-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aside from textual reports of the existence of the Goths in Crimea, both first- and second-hand, from as early as 850,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> numerous archaeological sites also exist, including the ruins of the former capital city of the Crimean Goths: Doros (present-day <a href="/wiki/Mangup" title="Mangup">Mangup</a>). Furthermore, numerous articles of jewellery, weaponry, shields, buttons, pins, and small personal artefacts on display in museums in Crimea and in the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a> have led to a better understanding of <a href="/wiki/Gothia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Gothia (disambiguation)">Crimean Gothia</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimean_Goths&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the report made by <a href="/wiki/Ogier_Ghiselin_de_Busbecq" title="Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq">Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq</a> in 1595 on the Crimean Goths, he claims not to be able to determine whether the Germanic peoples of Crimea were Goths or Saxons; certainly, the language cannot be directly linked to the well-attested <a href="/wiki/Gothic_language" title="Gothic language">Gothic language</a>. Though most scholars agree that the peoples must have been of Gothic origin,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some others have maintained that the so-called "Crimean Goths" were in fact West or even <a href="/wiki/North_Germanic_peoples" title="North Germanic peoples">North Germanic</a> tribes that had settled in Crimea, culturally and linguistically influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Ostrogoths" title="Ostrogoths">Ostrogoths</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (June 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimean_Goths&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimean_Goths&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Herwig_Wolfram" title="Herwig Wolfram">Herwig Wolfram</a>, following <a href="/wiki/Jordanes" title="Jordanes">Jordanes</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ostrogoths" title="Ostrogoths">Ostrogoths</a> had a huge kingdom north of the Black Sea in the 4th century,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which the <a href="/wiki/Huns" title="Huns">Huns</a> overwhelmed in the time of the Gothic king <a href="/wiki/Ermanaric" title="Ermanaric">Ermanaric</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Hermanric" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermanric">Hermanric</a>; i.e. "king of noblemen"<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) when the Huns migrated to the Ukrainian steppe. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mangup_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Ruins of Mangup (Doros): Capital of the Crimean Goths" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Mangup_10.jpg/220px-Mangup_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Mangup_10.jpg/330px-Mangup_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Mangup_10.jpg/440px-Mangup_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The modern-day ruins of <a href="/wiki/Mangup" title="Mangup">Mangup</a> (Doros), capital of the Crimean Goths</figcaption></figure> <p>The Ostrogoths became <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassals</a> of the Huns until the death of <a href="/wiki/Attila" title="Attila">Attila</a>, when they revolted and regained independence. Like the Huns, the Goths in Crimea never regained their lost glory. </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Peter_Heather" title="Peter Heather">Peter Heather</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kulikowski" title="Michael Kulikowski">Michael Kulikowski</a>, the Ostrogoths did not even exist until the 5th century, when they emerged from other Gothic and non-Gothic groups.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Gothic groups may have settled in Crimea.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Either way, the existence of Goths in Crimea was first attested from around the 3rd century, following which they were well reported. </p><p>During the late 5th and early 6th century, the Crimean Goths had to fight off hordes of Huns who were migrating back eastward after losing control of their European empire.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 5th century, <a href="/wiki/Theodoric_the_Great" title="Theodoric the Great">Theodoric the Great</a> tried to recruit Crimean Goths for his campaigns in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, but few showed interest in joining him.<sup id="cite_ref-Wolfram_271-280_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wolfram_271-280-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Byzantium">Byzantium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimean_Goths&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Byzantium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Theodoro" title="Principality of Theodoro">Principality of Theodoro</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_-_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BF-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0)_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_-_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BF-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5_%28%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%29_02.jpg/280px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_-_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BF-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5_%28%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%29_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_-_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BF-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5_%28%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%29_02.jpg/420px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_-_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BF-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5_%28%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%29_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_-_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BF-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5_%28%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%29_02.jpg/560px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_-_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BF-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5_%28%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%29_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6746" data-file-height="2439" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mangup_Kale" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangup Kale">Mangup Kale</a> is the biggest cavern fortress on the Crimean peninsula</figcaption></figure> <p>The Principality of Gothia or <a href="/wiki/Theodoro" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodoro">Theodoro</a> was formed after the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a> out of parts of the Byzantine <i><a href="/wiki/Theme_(Byzantine_district)" title="Theme (Byzantine district)">thema</a></i> of <i><a href="/wiki/Cherson_(theme)" title="Cherson (theme)">Klimata</a></i> that were not occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoese</a>. Its population was a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a>, Crimean Goths, <a href="/wiki/Alans" title="Alans">Alans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kipchaks" title="Kipchaks">Kipchaks</a> and other nations, which followed <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox Christianity</a>. The principality's official language was <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>. The territory was initially under the control of <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond" title="Empire of Trebizond">Trebizond</a>, and possibly part of its Crimean possessions, the <i><a href="/wiki/Perateia" title="Perateia">Perateia</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Many Crimean Goths were Greek speakers and many non-Gothic Byzantine citizens were settled in the region called "Gothia" by the government in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>. A Gothic principality around the stronghold of <a href="/wiki/Mangup" title="Mangup">Doros</a> (modern Mangup), the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Theodoro" title="Principality of Theodoro">Principality of Theodoro</a>, continued to exist through various periods of vassalage to the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazars</a>, Kipchaks, <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a>, Genoese and other empires until 1475, when it was finally incorporated in the <a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanate of Crimea">Khanate of Crimea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. This is generally considered to be the fall of the Crimean Goths.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The French bishop <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Germain_(bishop_of_Nevers_and_Chalon-sur-Sa%C3%B4ne)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Germain (bishop of Nevers and Chalon-sur-Saône) (page does not exist)">Jean Germain</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Germain_(%C3%A9v%C3%AAque_de_Nevers_et_Chalon-sur-Sa%C3%B4ne)" class="extiw" title="fr:Jean Germain (évêque de Nevers et Chalon-sur-Saône)">fr</a>]</span>, writing in 1452, claims that the <a href="/wiki/Mamluk" title="Mamluk">mamluks</a> (slave soldiers of Egypt) were "commonly Picts and Goths [<i>Pictes et Gethes</i>], Greek Christians, conquered by the tricks of the Genoese." The confused reference to the <a href="/wiki/Picts" title="Picts">Picts</a>, however, renders the accuracy of the passage questionable.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="16th_century">16th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimean_Goths&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 16th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the 16th century, the existence of Goths in Crimea had become well-known to European scholars. Many travellers visited Crimea and wrote about the Goths. One romantic report appears in <i>Joachimus Cureus' Gentis Silesiae Annales</i>, in which he claims that, during a voyage in the Black Sea, his ship was forced ashore by storms. There, to his surprise, he found a man singing a song in which he used "German words". When he asked him where he was from, he answered "that his home was nearby and that his people were Goths".<sup id="cite_ref-Stearns_7_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stearns_7-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several inscriptions from the early 9th century found in the area use the word "Goth" only as a personal name, not an ethnonym. Meanwhile, some legends about a Gothic state in Crimea existed in Europe throughout the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>. In the 16th century, an <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Imperial</a> envoy in <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent" title="Suleiman the Magnificent">Suleiman</a>'s court <a href="/wiki/Ogier_Ghiselin_de_Busbecq" title="Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq">Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq</a> reported having had a conversation with two Goths in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>. He also left the Gothic-Latin dictionary with about a hundred Germanic words that share some traits in common with the ancient <a href="/wiki/Gothic_language" title="Gothic language">Gothic language</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Following the report by Busbecq, numerous European travellers went to visit Crimea. <i>Torquatus</i> visited Crimea in the mid-to-late 16th century and reported the existence of Goths, who spoke their own language, but used Greek, Tatar and Hungarian in dealing with outsiders.<sup id="cite_ref-Stearns_7_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stearns_7-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1690, Kampfer states: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The language spoke[n] in the Peninsula Crimea, or Taurica Chersonesus, in Asia, still retains many German words, brought thither, as is suppos'd by a colony of Goths, who went to settle there about 850 years after the <a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Flood" class="mw-redirect" title="Noah's Flood">Deluge</a>. The late Mr. Busbeq, who had been Imperial Ambassador at the Ottoman Port, collected and publish'd a great number of these words in his fourth letter; and in my own travels through that Country I took notice of many more.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimean_Goths&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Metropolitanate_of_Gothia" title="Metropolitanate of Gothia">Metropolitanate of Gothia</a></div> <p>The first report of the Crimean Goths appears in the <i>Vita</i> of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Cyril_the_Philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Cyril the Philosopher">Saint Cyril</a>, Apostle to the Slavs, who went to Crimea to preach the gospel to the Khazars (c. 850). He lists "Goths" as people who read and praised the Christian God "in their own language".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1606 <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Justus_Scaliger" title="Joseph Justus Scaliger">Joseph Justus Scaliger</a> claimed that the Goths of Crimea read both the Old and New Testaments "in the letters of <a href="/wiki/Wulfila" class="mw-redirect" title="Wulfila">Wulfila</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">alphabet</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are the only two reports which refer to the existence of a written form of Crimean Gothic, but also confirm their Christian faith. </p><p>Gothic peoples originally practiced forms of <a href="/wiki/Gothic_paganism" title="Gothic paganism">Gothic paganism</a>, in turn, a subset of <a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Germanic paganism</a>, before nominally being <a href="/wiki/Christianisation_of_the_Germanic_peoples" title="Christianisation of the Germanic peoples">Christianised</a> from the 4th to 6th centuries AD.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchäferdiekGschwantler2010350_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchäferdiekGschwantler2010350-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Crimean Goths had converted from <a href="/wiki/Arian_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Arian Christianity">Arian</a> to <a href="/wiki/Chalcedonian_Christianity" title="Chalcedonian Christianity">Chalcedonian Christianity</a> by the 6th century. In the 8th century <a href="/wiki/John_of_Gothia" title="John of Gothia">John of Gothia</a>, an Orthodox bishop, led an unsuccessful revolt against Khazar overlordship. Following the split of Chalcedonian Christianity in the 11th century between the Roman and Orthodox branches, these peoples remained loyal to <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimean_Goths&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Gothic" title="Crimean Gothic">Crimean Gothic</a></div> <p>The language of the Crimean Goths is poorly attested, with only 101 certain independent forms surviving, few of which are phrases, and a three-line song, which has never been conclusively translated. Possible loan words are still used in <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_language" title="Crimean Tatar language">Crimean Tatar</a>, though this too remains highly speculative. </p><p>In 2015, five Gothic graffiti inscriptions were found by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrey_Vinogradov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrey Vinogradov (page does not exist)">Andrey Vinogradov</a>, a Russian historian, on stone plates excavated in <a href="/wiki/Mangup" title="Mangup">Mangup</a> in 1938, and deciphered by him and Maksim Korobov. The reading of these inscription was made difficult because they were later overwritten by some Greek graffiti.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vinogradov_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vinogradov-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Disappearance">Disappearance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimean_Goths&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Disappearance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are numerous other sources referring to the existence of Goths in Crimea following <a href="/wiki/Ogier_Ghiselin_de_Busbecq" title="Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq">Busbecq</a>'s report, though none provide details of their language or customs. The last known record of the Goths in Crimea comes from the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Mohilev" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Mohilev">Archbishop of Mohilev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Bohusz_Siestrze%C5%84cewicz" title="Stanisław Bohusz Siestrzeńcewicz">Stanisław Bohusz Siestrzeńcewicz</a> c. 1780, who visited Crimea at the end of the 18th century, and noted the existence of people whose language and customs differed greatly from their neighbours and who he concluded must be "Goths".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though there are no further records of the language's existence since the late 18th century, communities of Germanic peoples with distinctly separate customs and physical features have been recorded living in Crimea, leading some to believe that the Gothic language may have survived as a <i>haussprache</i> (home language) until as late as 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the Soviet ethnologist V. E. Vozgrin, the <a href="/wiki/Goths" title="Goths">Goths</a> interbred with the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a> and converted to Islam. In <i>The Crimean Tatars: the diaspora experience and the forging of a nation</i> by <a href="/wiki/Brian_Glyn_Williams" title="Brian Glyn Williams">Brian Glyn Williams</a>, he quotes Vozgrin as saying: "In all probability their descendants are the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Tatars</a> of a series of villages in the <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a> who are sharply delineated from the inhabitants of neighboring villages by their tall height and other features characteristic of the <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavians</a>." </p><p>It is likely that the Goths had begun to speak Crimean Tatar and Crimean Greek from long before the arrival of Busbecq,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thus they may well have integrated into the wider population, as later visitors to Mangup were unable to discover "any trace" of Gothic peoples.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legacy">Legacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimean_Goths&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Almost no signs of the Crimean Goths exist today. It was claimed by the <a href="/wiki/Third_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Reich">Third Reich</a> and by <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> that the Crimean Goths had survived long enough to interbreed with later German settlers in Crimea and that the German communities in Crimea constituted native peoples of that area. Hitler had intended to resettle German people in Crimea and rename numerous towns with their previous Crimean Gothic names. During the Nazi occupation of Crimea following its <a href="/wiki/Crimean_campaign" title="Crimean campaign">capture</a> in the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> was changed to Theoderichshafen.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hitler's ultimate goal for his planned "Gau Gothenland" ("Gothland" or "Gothia") was to replace the local population with "pure Germans" and turn Crimea into what he described as "the German Gibraltar" — a national foothold not contiguous to the rest of Germany, similar to how <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> was not contiguous to the rest of the United Kingdom — to be connected to Germany proper by an <a href="/wiki/Autobahn" title="Autobahn">autobahn</a>. The plan was postponed for the duration of the war, and never went into effect due to the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_offensive" title="Crimean offensive">Soviet recapture of Crimea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>'s eventual demise. All ethnic Germans were then <a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%931950)" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)">expelled from Soviet territories</a> by 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimean_Goths&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col div-col-small"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bastarnae" title="Bastarnae">Bastarnae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernyakhov_culture" title="Chernyakhov culture">Chernyakhov culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea_Germans" title="Crimea Germans">Crimea Germans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Gothic" title="Crimean Gothic">Crimean Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothiscandza" title="Gothiscandza">Gothiscandza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutasaga" title="Gutasaga">Gutasaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_I-M438" title="Haplogroup I-M438">Haplogroup I-M438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herules" class="mw-redirect" title="Herules">Herules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germans_in_Russia,_Ukraine_and_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Germans in Russia, Ukraine and the Soviet Union">History of Germans in Russia, Ukraine and the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Germanic_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Germanic tribes">List of Germanic tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oium" title="Oium">Oium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrogoth" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostrogoth">Ostrogoths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandza" title="Scandza">Scandza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigoth" class="mw-redirect" title="Visigoth">Visigoths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wielbark_culture" title="Wielbark culture">Wielbark culture</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimean_Goths&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Here/Hari</i> (army/noble) + <i>mann/man</i> + <i>ric/rike</i> (ruler))</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimean_Goths&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 24em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFde_Busbecq1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ogier_Ghiselin_de_Busbecq" title="Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq">de Busbecq, Ogier Ghiselin</a> (1968) [1927]. "The Fourth Letter". In Foster, Edward Seymour (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LFRpAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Turkish Letters of Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, Imperial Ambassador at Constantinople, 1554–1562</i></a>. Oxford reprints. Translated by Foster, Edward Seymour (reprint ed.). Clarendon Press. pp. 201–202<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2022</span>. <q>When I asked him about the nature and habits of these people, he gave the sort of replies that I expected. He said that the tribe was warlike and at the present day occupied numerous villages. [...] Their chief towns were Mancup and Scivarin.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Fourth+Letter&rft.btitle=The+Turkish+Letters+of+Ogier+Ghiselin+de+Busbecq%2C+Imperial+Ambassador+at+Constantinople%2C+1554%E2%80%931562&rft.series=Oxford+reprints&rft.pages=201-202&rft.edition=reprint&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=de+Busbecq&rft.aufirst=Ogier+Ghiselin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLFRpAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimean+Goths" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolfram1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Herwig_Wolfram" title="Herwig Wolfram">Wolfram, Herwig</a> (1990) [1979]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xsQxcJvaLjAC"><i>History of the Goths</i></a>. European history/Medieval studies/Classical studies. Translated by Dunlap, Thomas (revised ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520069831" title="Special:BookSources/9780520069831"><bdi>9780520069831</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2022</span>. <q>Theodoric the Great wished the Crimean Goths to join his army on the march to Italy, but they declined with thanks.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Goths&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.series=European+history%2FMedieval+studies%2FClassical+studies&rft.pages=79&rft.edition=revised&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780520069831&rft.aulast=Wolfram&rft.aufirst=Herwig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxsQxcJvaLjAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimean+Goths" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wolfram_271-280-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wolfram_271-280_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wolfram_271-280_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWolfram1988">Wolfram 1988</a>, pp. 271–280</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVasiliev1936">Vasiliev 1936</a>, p. 114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStreitberg1920">Streitberg 1920</a>, p. 17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Siebs 1922:170-72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchwarz1951">Schwarz 1951</a>, p. 162</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWolfram1988">Wolfram 1988</a>, pp. 78–263 <i><a href="/wiki/Passim" class="mw-redirect" title="Passim">passim</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeather1998">Heather 1998</a>, pp. 52–55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKulikowski2006">Kulikowski 2006</a>, p. 111</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeatherMatthews1991">Heather & Matthews 1991</a>, p. 92 n. 87</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWolfram1988">Wolfram 1988</a>, p. 261</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiechowa_(1457-1523)1518" class="citation journal cs1">Miechowa (1457-1523), Maciej z. (1518). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jbc.bj.uj.edu.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?showContent=true&id=275632">"Tractatus de duabus Sarmatiis Asiana et Europiana et de contentis in eis"</a>. <i>Biblioteka Jagiellońska, Berol. Ue 8438</i>. Marx Wirsung. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F2451-9537_cmrii_com_26278">10.1163/2451-9537_cmrii_com_26278</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biblioteka+Jagiello%C5%84ska%2C+Berol.+Ue+8438&rft.atitle=Tractatus+de+duabus+Sarmatiis+Asiana+et+Europiana+et+de+contentis+in+eis&rft.date=1518&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F2451-9537_cmrii_com_26278&rft.aulast=Miechowa+%281457-1523%29&rft.aufirst=Maciej+z.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjbc.bj.uj.edu.pl%2Fdlibra%2Fdocmetadata%3FshowContent%3Dtrue%26id%3D275632&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimean+Goths" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHannah_Barker2020" class="citation cs2">Hannah Barker (2020), <i>That Most Precious Merchandise: The Mediterranean Trade in Black Sea Slaves, 1260–1500</i>, University of Pennsylvania Press, p. 200</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=That+Most+Precious+Merchandise%3A+The+Mediterranean+Trade+in+Black+Sea+Slaves%2C+1260%E2%80%931500&rft.pages=200&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.au=Hannah+Barker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimean+Goths" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stearns_7-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stearns_7_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stearns_7_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stearns 1971:7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kempfer, Kaempfer 1631:1716</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">loewe 1896:114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stearns 1971:16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchäferdiekGschwantler2010350-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchäferdiekGschwantler2010350_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchäferdiekGschwantler2010">Schäferdiek & Gschwantler 2010</a>, p. 350.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNemalevich2015" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nemalevich, Sergey (25 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meduza.io/feature/2015/12/25/molitvy-na-kamnyah">"Молитвы на камнях Историк Андрей Виноградов рассказывает о первых надписях на крымско-готском языке"</a> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Meduza" title="Meduza">Meduza</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%8B+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%85+%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B5&rft.date=2015-12-25&rft.aulast=Nemalevich&rft.aufirst=Sergey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeduza.io%2Ffeature%2F2015%2F12%2F25%2Fmolitvy-na-kamnyah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimean+Goths" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vinogradov-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vinogradov_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFА._Ю._ВиноградовМ._И._Коробов2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrey_Vinogradov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrey Vinogradov (page does not exist)">А. Ю. Виноградов</a>; М. И. Коробов (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gotica.de/boranicum.pdf">"Готские граффити из мангупской базилики"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Russian). pp. 57–75.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&rft.pages=57-75&rft.date=2016&rft.au=%D0%90.+%D0%AE.+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.au=%D0%9C.+%D0%98.+%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gotica.de%2Fboranicum.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimean+Goths" class="Z3988"></span> A slightly revised German translation was published as "Gotische Graffito-Inschriften aus der Bergkrim", Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum und Literatur 145 (2016) 141–157. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.hse.ru/en/articles/185493676">English abstract</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Loewe (1869:200).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schwarz (1953:163-4).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stearns(1979:39–40).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">pallas(1801:363–364).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWolfram2001">Wolfram 2001</a>, p. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Caa1RKqE1zUC&dq=crimea+german+gibraltar&pg=PT431">Chris Bellamy, <i>Absolute War: Soviet Russia in the Second World War, 2008, Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group</i></a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimean_Goths&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="bellamy" class="citation book cs1">Bellamy, Chris (2008). <i>Absolute War: Soviet Russia in the Second World War</i>. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Absolute+War%3A+Soviet+Russia+in+the+Second+World+War&rft.pub=Knopf+Doubleday+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Bellamy&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimean+Goths" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeather1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Heather" title="Peter Heather">Heather, Peter</a> (1998). <i>The Goths</i>. Blackwell.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Goths&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Heather&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimean+Goths" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeatherMatthews1991" class="citation book cs1">Heather, Peter; Matthews, John (1991). <i>Goths in the Fourth Century</i>. Liverpool Univ. Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Goths+in+the+Fourth+Century&rft.pub=Liverpool+Univ.+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Heather&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Matthews%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimean+Goths" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKulikowski2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kulikowski" title="Michael Kulikowski">Kulikowski, Michael</a> (2006). <i>Rome's Gothic Wars: From the Third Century to Alaric</i>. Cambridge Univ. Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rome%27s+Gothic+Wars%3A+From+the+Third+Century+to+Alaric&rft.pub=Cambridge+Univ.+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Kulikowski&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimean+Goths" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchäferdiekGschwantler2010" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Schäferdiek, Knut; Gschwantler, Otto (2010) [1975]. "Bekehrung und Bekehrungsgeschichte". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/database/GAO/entry/RGA_496/html"><i>Germanische Altertumskunde Online</i></a>. pp. 350–409.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bekehrung+und+Bekehrungsgeschichte&rft.btitle=Germanische+Altertumskunde+Online&rft.pages=350-409&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%A4ferdiek&rft.aufirst=Knut&rft.au=Gschwantler%2C+Otto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdatabase%2FGAO%2Fentry%2FRGA_496%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimean+Goths" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwarz1951" class="citation book cs1">Schwarz, Ernst (1951). <i>Goten, Nordgermanen, Angelsachsen</i>. Bern: A. Francke.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Goten%2C+Nordgermanen%2C+Angelsachsen&rft.place=Bern&rft.pub=A.+Francke&rft.date=1951&rft.aulast=Schwarz&rft.aufirst=Ernst&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimean+Goths" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwarz1953" class="citation journal cs1">Schwarz, Ernst (1953). "Die Krimgoten". <i>Saeculum: Jahrbuch für Universalgeschichte</i>. <b>4</b>. Freiburg im Breisgau: Böhlau Verlag: 156–164.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Saeculum%3A+Jahrbuch+f%C3%BCr+Universalgeschichte&rft.atitle=Die+Krimgoten&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=156-164&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Schwarz&rft.aufirst=Ernst&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimean+Goths" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShepard1973" class="citation journal cs1">Shepard, Jonathan (1973). "The English and Byzantium: A Study of Their Role in the Byzantine Army in the Later Eleventh Century". <i>Traditio: Studies in Ancient and Medieval History, Thought, and Religion</i>. <b>29</b>. New York: Fordham University Press: 53–92. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27830955">27830955</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Traditio%3A+Studies+in+Ancient+and+Medieval+History%2C+Thought%2C+and+Religion&rft.atitle=The+English+and+Byzantium%3A+A+Study+of+Their+Role+in+the+Byzantine+Army+in+the+Later+Eleventh+Century&rft.volume=29&rft.pages=53-92&rft.date=1973&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27830955%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Shepard&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimean+Goths" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStreitberg1920" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Streitberg" title="Wilhelm Streitberg">Streitberg, Wilhelm</a> (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wulfila.be/lib/streitberg/1920/Index.html"><i>Gotisches Elementarbuch</i></a> (5th and 6th ed.). Heidelberg: Carl Winter's Universitätsbuchhandlung.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gotisches+Elementarbuch&rft.place=Heidelberg&rft.edition=5th+and+6th&rft.pub=Carl+Winter%27s+Universit%C3%A4tsbuchhandlung&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Streitberg&rft.aufirst=Wilhelm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wulfila.be%2Flib%2Fstreitberg%2F1920%2FIndex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimean+Goths" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVasiliev1936" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Vasiliev_(historian)" title="Alexander Vasiliev (historian)">Vasiliev, Aleksandr A.</a> (1936). <i>The Goths in the Crimea</i>. Cambridge, MA: The Mediaeval Academy of America.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Goths+in+the+Crimea&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=The+Mediaeval+Academy+of+America&rft.date=1936&rft.aulast=Vasiliev&rft.aufirst=Aleksandr+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimean+Goths" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolfram1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Herwig_Wolfram" title="Herwig Wolfram">Wolfram, Herwig</a> (1988) [Originally published in German, 1980]. <i>History of the Goths</i>. Translated by Dunlap, Thomas J. Univ. of California Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Goths&rft.pub=Univ.+of+California+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Wolfram&rft.aufirst=Herwig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimean+Goths" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolfram2001" class="citation book cs1">Wolfram, Herwig (2001). <i>Die Goten und ihre Geschichte</i>. C.H. Beck.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Goten+und+ihre+Geschichte&rft.pub=C.H.+Beck&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Wolfram&rft.aufirst=Herwig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimean+Goths" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimean_Goths&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100119153524/http://graal.org.ua/en/theodoro-principality/history-of-theodoro">Brief history of Theodoro Principality (Mangup) ENG</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Germanic_peoples" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d5dcb0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Germanic_peoples" title="Template:Germanic peoples"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Germanic_peoples" title="Template talk:Germanic peoples"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Germanic_peoples" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Germanic peoples"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Germanic_peoples" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic peoples</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#d5dcb0;"><div><a href="/wiki/Ethnolinguistic_group" title="Ethnolinguistic group">Ethnolinguistic group</a> of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern European</a> origin primarily identified as speakers of <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic languages</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d5dcb0;;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Bronze_Age" title="Nordic Bronze Age">Nordic Bronze Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Roman_Iron_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Roman Iron Age">Pre-Roman Iron Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Iron_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Iron Age">Roman Iron Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano-Germanic_culture" title="Romano-Germanic culture">Romano-Germanic culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_Iron_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic Iron Age">Germanic Iron Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d5dcb0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_culture" title="Early Germanic culture">Early culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Germanic architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Period_art" title="Migration Period art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_calendars" title="Early Germanic calendars">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_clothing" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Germanic clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_in_early_Germanic_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Family in early Germanic culture">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Germanic festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_mythology" title="Germanic mythology">Folklore </a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_folklore" title="Proto-Germanic folklore">Proto-Germanic folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon mythology">Anglo-Saxon mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Germanic_mythology" title="Continental Germanic mythology">Continental Germanic mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse mythology</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_funerary_practices" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Germanic funerary practices">Funerary practices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_burial_mounds" title="Anglo-Saxon burial mounds">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_funeral" title="Norse funeral">Norse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_law" title="Germanic law">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_law" title="Anglo-Saxon law">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Scandinavian_law" title="Medieval Scandinavian law">Norse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Germanic literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_English_literature" title="Old English literature">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_literature" title="Old Norse literature">Norse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_name" title="Germanic name">Names</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_name" title="Gothic name">Gothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbers_in_Germanic_paganism" title="Numbers in Germanic paganism">Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Paganism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_paganism" title="Anglo-Saxon paganism">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_paganism" title="Gothic paganism">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_religion" title="Old Norse religion">Norse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_in_Germanic_paganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Rings in Germanic paganism">Rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_culture#Scripts" title="Early Germanic culture">Scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Germanic symbols">Symbology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_warfare" title="Early Germanic warfare">Warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_warfare" title="Anglo-Saxon warfare">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_and_Vandal_warfare" title="Gothic and Vandal warfare">Gothic and Vandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_raid_warfare_and_tactics" title="Viking raid warfare and tactics">Viking</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d5dcb0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_parent_language" title="Germanic parent language">Germanic parent language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language" title="Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Germanic_languages" title="East Germanic languages">East Germanic languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Germanic_languages" title="North Germanic languages">North Germanic languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Germanic_languages" title="West Germanic languages">West Germanic languages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d5dcb0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_early_Germanic_peoples" title="List of early Germanic peoples">Groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alemanni" title="Alemanni">Alemanni</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brisigavi" title="Brisigavi">Brisgavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucinobantes" title="Bucinobantes">Bucinobantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentienses" title="Lentienses">Lentienses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raetovari" title="Raetovari">Raetovari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrabaecampi" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrabaecampi">Adrabaecampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angles_(tribe)" title="Angles (tribe)">Angles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrones" title="Ambrones">Ambrones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampsivarii" title="Ampsivarii">Ampsivarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angrivarii" title="Angrivarii">Angrivarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armalausi" title="Armalausi">Armalausi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auiones" title="Auiones">Auiones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avarpi" title="Avarpi">Avarpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baemi" title="Baemi">Baemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiuvarii" title="Baiuvarii">Baiuvarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banochaemae" title="Banochaemae">Banochaemae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastarnae" title="Bastarnae">Bastarnae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batavi_(Germanic_tribe)" title="Batavi (Germanic tribe)">Batavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgae" title="Belgae">Belgae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germani_cisrhenani" title="Germani cisrhenani">Germani cisrhenani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atuatuci" title="Atuatuci">Atuatuci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caerosi" title="Caerosi">Caeroesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condrusi" title="Condrusi">Condrusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eburones" title="Eburones">Eburones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paemani" title="Paemani">Paemani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segni_(tribe)" title="Segni (tribe)">Segni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morini" title="Morini">Morini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nervii" title="Nervii">Nervii</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bateinoi" title="Bateinoi">Bateinoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baetasii" title="Baetasii">Betasii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brondings" title="Brondings">Brondings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bructeri" title="Bructeri">Bructeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgundians" title="Burgundians">Burgundians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buri_tribe" title="Buri tribe">Buri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cananefates" title="Cananefates">Cananefates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caritni" title="Caritni">Caritni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casuari" title="Casuari">Casuari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaedini" title="Chaedini">Chaedini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaemae" title="Chaemae">Chaemae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamavi" title="Chamavi">Chamavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chali" title="Chali">Chali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charudes" title="Charudes">Charudes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasuarii" title="Chasuarii">Chasuarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattuarii" title="Chattuarii">Chattuarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatti" title="Chatti">Chatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauci" title="Chauci">Chauci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherusci" title="Cherusci">Cherusci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimbri" title="Cimbri">Cimbri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobandi" title="Cobandi">Cobandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corconti" title="Corconti">Corconti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cugerni" title="Cugerni">Cugerni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danes_(tribe)" title="Danes (tribe)">Danes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dauciones" title="Dauciones">Dauciones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulgubnii" title="Dulgubnii">Dulgubnii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Favonae" title="Favonae">Favonae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firaesi" title="Firaesi">Firaesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fosi" title="Fosi">Fosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ripuarian_Franks" title="Ripuarian Franks">Ripuarian Franks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salian_Franks" title="Salian Franks">Salian Franks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frisiavones" title="Frisiavones">Frisiavones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frisii" title="Frisii">Frisii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambrivii" title="Gambrivii">Gambrivii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geats" title="Geats">Geats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gepids" title="Gepids">Gepids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goths" title="Goths">Goths</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Crimean Goths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greuthungi" title="Greuthungi">Greuthungi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutones" title="Gutones">Gutones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrogoths" title="Ostrogoths">Ostrogoths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thervingi" title="Thervingi">Thervingi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_Goths" title="Thracian Goths">Thracian Goths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutes" title="Gutes">Gutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harii" title="Harii">Harii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermunduri" title="Hermunduri">Hermunduri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heruli" title="Heruli">Heruli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilleviones" title="Hilleviones">Hilleviones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingaevones" title="Ingaevones">Ingaevones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irminones" title="Irminones">Irminones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istvaeones" title="Istvaeones">Istvaeones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jutes" title="Jutes">Jutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juthungi" title="Juthungi">Juthungi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacringi" title="Lacringi">Lacringi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemovii" title="Lemovii">Lemovii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hea%C3%B0obards" title="Heaðobards">Heaðobards</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugii" title="Lugii">Lugii</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diduni" title="Diduni">Diduni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helisii" class="mw-redirect" title="Helisii">Helisii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helveconae" title="Helveconae">Helveconae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manimi" title="Manimi">Manimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahanarvali" title="Nahanarvali">Nahanarvali</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcomanni" title="Marcomanni">Marcomanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsacii" title="Marsacii">Marsacii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsi_(Germanic_tribe)" title="Marsi (Germanic tribe)">Marsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattiaci" title="Mattiaci">Mattiaci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemetes" title="Nemetes">Nemetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Njars" title="Njars">Njars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuithones" title="Nuithones">Nuithones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osi_(tribe)" title="Osi (tribe)">Osi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadi" title="Quadi">Quadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reudigni" title="Reudigni">Reudigni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugii" title="Rugii">Rugii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugini" title="Rugini">Rugini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxons" title="Saxons">Saxons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semnones" title="Semnones">Semnones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicambri" title="Sicambri">Sicambri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciri" title="Sciri">Sciri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitones" title="Sitones">Sitones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suarines" title="Suarines">Suarines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suebi" title="Suebi">Suebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunici" title="Sunici">Sunici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedes_(tribe)" title="Swedes (tribe)">Swedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifals" title="Taifals">Taifals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencteri" title="Tencteri">Tencteri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teutons" title="Teutons">Teutons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelir" title="Thelir">Thelir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuringii" title="Thuringii">Thuringii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texandri" title="Texandri">Toxandri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treveri" title="Treveri">Treveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triboci" title="Triboci">Triboci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubantes" title="Tubantes">Tubantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulingi" title="Tulingi">Tulingi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungri" title="Tungri">Tungri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubii" title="Ubii">Ubii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usipetes" title="Usipetes">Usipetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagoth" title="Vagoth">Vagoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasdingi" title="Hasdingi">Hasdingi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silingi" title="Silingi">Silingi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vangiones" title="Vangiones">Vangiones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varisci" title="Varisci">Varisci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victohali" title="Victohali">Victohali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidivarii" title="Vidivarii">Vidivarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinoviloth" title="Vinoviloth">Vinoviloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warini" title="Warini">Warini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d5dcb0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianisation_of_the_Germanic_peoples" title="Christianisation of the Germanic peoples">Christianization</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Christianity" title="Gothic Christianity">Gothic Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_the_Franks" title="Christianization of the Franks">Christianization of the Franks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianisation_of_Anglo-Saxon_England" title="Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England">Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Scandinavia" title="Christianization of Scandinavia">Christianization of Scandinavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Iceland" title="Christianization of Iceland">Christianization of Iceland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#d5dcb0;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Germanic_peoples" title="Category:Germanic peoples">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Crimea_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Crimea_topics" title="Template:Crimea topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Crimea_topics" title="Template talk:Crimea topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Crimea_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Crimea topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Crimea_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">Political status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(Russia)" title="Republic of Crimea (Russia)">Republic of Crimea (Russia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Autonomous Republic of Crimea">Autonomous Republic of Crimea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Crimea" title="History of Crimea">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Crimea" title="Greek Crimea">Greek Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea_in_the_Roman_era" title="Crimea in the Roman era">Crimea in the Roman era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherson_(theme)" title="Cherson (theme)">Cherson (theme)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosporan_Kingdom" title="Bosporan Kingdom">Bosporan Kingdom</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akatziri" title="Akatziri">Akatziri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazars</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Crimean Goths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipchaks" title="Kipchaks">Kipchaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond" title="Empire of Trebizond">Empire of Trebizond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genoese_Gazaria" title="Genoese Gazaria">Genoese Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genoese%E2%80%93Mongol_Wars" title="Genoese–Mongol Wars">Genoese–Mongol Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_campaigns_of_1687_and_1689" title="Crimean campaigns of 1687 and 1689">Crimean campaigns of 1687 and 1689</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimean Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_the_Crimean_Khanate_by_the_Russian_Empire" title="Annexation of the Crimean Khanate by the Russian Empire">1783 annexation by Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Crimea in the Soviet Union">Soviet period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Crimea_during_World_War_II" title="German occupation of Crimea during World War II">Crimea in World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_the_Crimean_Tatars" title="Deportation of the Crimean Tatars">1944 Crimean Tatar deportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaming_of_Crimean_toponyms" title="Renaming of Crimean toponyms">Renaming of Crimean toponyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_of_Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfer of Crimea in the Soviet Union">1954 transfer to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_repatriation" title="Crimean Tatar repatriation">Crimean Tatar repatriation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Autonomous Republic of Crimea">Autonomous Republic of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Crimea" title="President of Crimea">President of Crimea (historical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Tuzla_Island_conflict" title="2003 Tuzla Island conflict">2003 Tuzla Island conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum" title="2014 Crimean status referendum">2014 status referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">2014 annexation by Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada_of_Crimea" title="Verkhovna Rada of Crimea">Supreme Council of Crimea (until 2014)</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_chairmen_of_the_Supreme_Council_of_Crimea" title="List of chairmen of the Supreme Council of Crimea">Chairman</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Crimea" title="Prime Minister of Crimea">Prime Minister of Crimea (until 2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Crimea" title="Council of Ministers of Crimea">Council of Ministers (until 2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mejlis_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_People" title="Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People">Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Satellite_picture_of_Crimea,_Terra-MODIS,_05-16-2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Satellite image of Crimea"><img alt="Satellite image of Crimea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Satellite_picture_of_Crimea%2C_Terra-MODIS%2C_05-16-2015.jpg/100px-Satellite_picture_of_Crimea%2C_Terra-MODIS%2C_05-16-2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Satellite_picture_of_Crimea%2C_Terra-MODIS%2C_05-16-2015.jpg/150px-Satellite_picture_of_Crimea%2C_Terra-MODIS%2C_05-16-2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Satellite_picture_of_Crimea%2C_Terra-MODIS%2C_05-16-2015.jpg/200px-Satellite_picture_of_Crimea%2C_Terra-MODIS%2C_05-16-2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1817" data-file-height="1198" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crimea#Geography" title="Crimea">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabat_Spit" title="Arabat Spit">Arabat Spit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Arabat" title="Bay of Arabat">Arabat Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Azov" title="Sea of Azov">Azov Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a></li> <li>Caves <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marble_Cave_(Crimea)" title="Marble Cave (Crimea)">Marble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyalova_cave" title="Vyalova cave">Vyalova</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Mountains" title="Crimean Mountains">Crimean Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerch_Strait" title="Kerch Strait">Kerch Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Perekop" title="Isthmus of Perekop">Perekop Isthmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic%E2%80%93Caspian_steppe" title="Pontic–Caspian steppe">Pontic–Caspian steppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Coast_(Crimea)" title="Southern Coast (Crimea)">Southern Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syvash" title="Syvash">Syvash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Crimea" title="Administrative divisions of Crimea">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Crimea" title="List of cities in Crimea">Cities</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Raions_of_Ukraine#Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Raions of Ukraine">Raions</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban-type_settlements_in_Ukraine_by_subdivision#Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="List of urban-type settlements in Ukraine by subdivision">Urban-type settlements</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Crimea" title="Politics of Crimea">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(Russia)" title="Republic of Crimea (Russia)">Republic of Crimea</a>/<a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Autonomous Republic of Crimea">Autonomous Republic of Crimea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Constitution of the Republic of Crimea">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Head of the Republic of Crimea">Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_Crimea" title="State Council of Crimea">State Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_parliamentary_election" title="2014 Crimean parliamentary election">2014 parliamentary election</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Sevastopol" title="Legislative Assembly of Sevastopol">Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Sevastopol_(Russia)" title="Governor of Sevastopol (Russia)">Governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Sevastopol_gubernatorial_election" title="2017 Sevastopol gubernatorial election">2017 election</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Black Sea Fleet">Black Sea Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Federal_District" title="Crimean Federal District">Crimean Federal District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crimea#Economy" title="Crimea">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Crimea">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Bridge" title="Crimean Bridge">Crimean Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Trolleybus" title="Crimean Trolleybus">Crimean Trolleybus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Sports" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Premier_League" title="Crimean Premier League">Crimean Premier League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Crimea" title="Demographics of Crimea">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Peoples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="Russians in Crimea">Russians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians_in_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainians in Crimea">Ukrainians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Crimea" title="Armenians in Crimea">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greeks" title="Pontic Greeks">Pontic Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchaks" title="Krymchaks">Krymchaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea_Germans" title="Crimea Germans">Crimea Germans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_language" title="Crimean Tatar language">Crimean Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchak_language" title="Krymchak language">Krymchak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Crimea" title="Religion in Crimea">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_Ukraine" title="History of Christianity in Ukraine">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Odesa-Simferopol" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Odesa-Simferopol">Roman Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Archiepiscopal_Exarchate_of_Krym" title="Ukrainian Catholic Archiepiscopal Exarchate of Krym">Ukrainian Catholicism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Crimea">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in Crimea">Islam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" 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