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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Daphnia</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">625 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Daphnia</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Daphnia">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69115687" data-work_id="69115687" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69115687/Effects_of_Chronic_Dietary_Copper_Exposure_on_Growth_and_Reproduction_of_Daphnia_Magna">Effects of Chronic Dietary Copper Exposure on Growth and Reproduction of Daphnia Magna</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A matter of current, intense debate with regard to the effects of metals on biological systems is the potential toxicity of metals associated with food particles. Recently developed biotic ligand models (BLM), which predict the toxicity... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69115687" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A matter of current, intense debate with regard to the effects of metals on biological systems is the potential toxicity of metals associated with food particles. Recently developed biotic ligand models (BLM), which predict the toxicity of waterborne metals, may not be valid if the dietary exposure route contributes to metal toxicity. The present study is, to our knowledge, the first that investigates the potential toxicity of dietary copper to a freshwater invertebrate (i.e., Daphnia magna) feeding on a live diet (i.e., the green alga Pseudokircheneriella subcapitata). Algae were exposed for 3 d to different copper concentrations, resulting in algal copper burdens between approximately 6.2 ϫ 10 Ϫ16 and 250 ϫ 10 Ϫ16 g cell Ϫ1. These algae were then used as food in chronic, 21-d D. magna toxicity tests in which growth, reproduction, and copper accumulation were assessed. Three exposure scenarios were tested: A waterborne exposure, a dietary exposure, and a combined waterborne and dietary exposure. Although exposure to dietary copper resulted in an increased copper body burden of the adult daphnids, it did not contribute to toxicity and did not affect the 21-d effect concentrations expressed as waterborne copper, indicating that the previously established good predictive capacity of the chronic D. magna BLM is not affected. On the contrary, exposure to the highest dietary copper levels resulted in an increase of as much as 75% in growth and reproduction. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that dietary copper exposure of a freshwater invertebrate feeding on a live diet resulted in a beneficial effect.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69115687" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a691ad86cb41a53a6c327d18d5956325" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79336841,"asset_id":69115687,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79336841/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32930785" href="https://independent.academia.edu/colinJanssen">colin Janssen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32930785" type="text/json">{"id":32930785,"first_name":"colin","last_name":"Janssen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"colinJanssen","display_name":"colin Janssen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/colinJanssen?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32930785/10304952/11499414/s65_colin.janssen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69115687 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69115687"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69115687, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69115687", }); 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Recently developed biotic ligand models (BLM), which predict the toxicity of waterborne metals, may not be valid if the dietary exposure route contributes to metal toxicity. The present study is, to our knowledge, the first that investigates the potential toxicity of dietary copper to a freshwater invertebrate (i.e., Daphnia magna) feeding on a live diet (i.e., the green alga Pseudokircheneriella subcapitata). Algae were exposed for 3 d to different copper concentrations, resulting in algal copper burdens between approximately 6.2 ϫ 10 Ϫ16 and 250 ϫ 10 Ϫ16 g cell Ϫ1. These algae were then used as food in chronic, 21-d D. magna toxicity tests in which growth, reproduction, and copper accumulation were assessed. Three exposure scenarios were tested: A waterborne exposure, a dietary exposure, and a combined waterborne and dietary exposure. Although exposure to dietary copper resulted in an increased copper body burden of the adult daphnids, it did not contribute to toxicity and did not affect the 21-d effect concentrations expressed as waterborne copper, indicating that the previously established good predictive capacity of the chronic D. magna BLM is not affected. On the contrary, exposure to the highest dietary copper levels resulted in an increase of as much as 75% in growth and reproduction. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that dietary copper exposure of a freshwater invertebrate feeding on a live diet resulted in a beneficial effect.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79336841,"asset_id":69115687,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32930785,"first_name":"colin","last_name":"Janssen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"colinJanssen","display_name":"colin Janssen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/colinJanssen?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32930785/10304952/11499414/s65_colin.janssen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4552,"name":"Ecotoxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecotoxicology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":4559,"name":"Reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":7049,"name":"Crustacea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crustacea?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":8270,"name":"Forecasting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forecasting?f_ri=17590"},{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet?f_ri=17590"},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=17590"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=17590"},{"id":54961,"name":"Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth?f_ri=17590"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=17590"},{"id":80692,"name":"Copper","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copper?f_ri=17590"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=17590"},{"id":570860,"name":"Food Contamination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Contamination?f_ri=17590"},{"id":616230,"name":"Daphnia Magna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia_Magna?f_ri=17590"},{"id":802213,"name":"Lethal Dose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lethal_Dose?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1013028,"name":"Food Chain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Chain?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1014763,"name":"Chlorophyta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chlorophyta?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1222191,"name":"Ligands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ligands?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67695653" data-work_id="67695653" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67695653/Biochemical_mechanisms_of_resistance_in_Daphnia_magna_exposed_to_the_insecticide_fenitrothion">Biochemical mechanisms of resistance in Daphnia magna exposed to the insecticide fenitrothion</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Resistance to fenitrothion and enzyme activities associated with the toxicity and metabolism of organophosphorus insecticides were measured in three genetically unique Daphnia magna clones collected from rice fields of Delta del Ebro (NE... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67695653" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Resistance to fenitrothion and enzyme activities associated with the toxicity and metabolism of organophosphorus insecticides were measured in three genetically unique Daphnia magna clones collected from rice fields of Delta del Ebro (NE Spain) during the growing season and a lab sensitive clone. The studied clones showed up to sixfold differences in resistance to fenitrothion. The lack of correlation between in vitro sensitivity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to fenitrooxon and resistance to fenitrothion indicated that insensitivity of AChE to the most active oxon metabolite was not involved in the observed differences in resistance. Inhibition of mixed-function oxidases (MFOs) by piperonyl butoxide (PBO) increased the tolerance to fenitrothion by almost 20-fold in all clones without altering their relative ranking of resistance. Conversely, when exposed to fenitrooxon, the studied clones showed similar levels of tolerance, thus indicating that clonal differences in the conversion of fenitrothion to fenitrooxon by MFOs were involved in the observed resistance patterns. Despite that resistant clones showed over 1.5 higher activities of carboxilesterase (CbE) than sensitive ones, toxicity tests with 2-(O-cresyl)-4H-1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphorin-2 oxide, which is a specific inhibitor of these enzymes, evidenced that this system only contributed marginally to the observed clonal differences in tolerance. Glutathione-S-transferases activity (GST) varied across clones but not under exposure to fenitrothion, and was only related with tolerance levels in the field clones. In summary, our results indicate that MFO mediated differences on the bio-activation of the phosphorotionate OP pesticide to its active oxon metabolite contributed mostly in explaining the observed moderate levels of resistance, whereas the activities of CbE and GST had only a marginal role.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67695653" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8812414ccfef42978a526bf59298577a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78424998,"asset_id":67695653,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78424998/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1588100" href="https://aveiro.academia.edu/AmadeuSoares">Amadeu Soares</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1588100" type="text/json">{"id":1588100,"first_name":"Amadeu","last_name":"Soares","domain_name":"aveiro","page_name":"AmadeuSoares","display_name":"Amadeu Soares","profile_url":"https://aveiro.academia.edu/AmadeuSoares?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67695653 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67695653"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67695653, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67695653", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67695653]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67695653").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67695653").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67695653"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3770" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolism">Metabolism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3770" type="text/json">{"id":3770,"name":"Metabolism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolism?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17590" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia">Daphnia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17590" type="text/json">{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67695653]'), work: {"id":67695653,"title":"Biochemical mechanisms of resistance in Daphnia magna exposed to the insecticide fenitrothion","created_at":"2022-01-09T11:41:21.360-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67695653/Biochemical_mechanisms_of_resistance_in_Daphnia_magna_exposed_to_the_insecticide_fenitrothion?f_ri=17590","dom_id":"work_67695653","summary":"Resistance to fenitrothion and enzyme activities associated with the toxicity and metabolism of organophosphorus insecticides were measured in three genetically unique Daphnia magna clones collected from rice fields of Delta del Ebro (NE Spain) during the growing season and a lab sensitive clone. The studied clones showed up to sixfold differences in resistance to fenitrothion. The lack of correlation between in vitro sensitivity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to fenitrooxon and resistance to fenitrothion indicated that insensitivity of AChE to the most active oxon metabolite was not involved in the observed differences in resistance. Inhibition of mixed-function oxidases (MFOs) by piperonyl butoxide (PBO) increased the tolerance to fenitrothion by almost 20-fold in all clones without altering their relative ranking of resistance. Conversely, when exposed to fenitrooxon, the studied clones showed similar levels of tolerance, thus indicating that clonal differences in the conversion of fenitrothion to fenitrooxon by MFOs were involved in the observed resistance patterns. Despite that resistant clones showed over 1.5 higher activities of carboxilesterase (CbE) than sensitive ones, toxicity tests with 2-(O-cresyl)-4H-1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphorin-2 oxide, which is a specific inhibitor of these enzymes, evidenced that this system only contributed marginally to the observed clonal differences in tolerance. Glutathione-S-transferases activity (GST) varied across clones but not under exposure to fenitrothion, and was only related with tolerance levels in the field clones. In summary, our results indicate that MFO mediated differences on the bio-activation of the phosphorotionate OP pesticide to its active oxon metabolite contributed mostly in explaining the observed moderate levels of resistance, whereas the activities of CbE and GST had only a marginal role.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78424998,"asset_id":67695653,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1588100,"first_name":"Amadeu","last_name":"Soares","domain_name":"aveiro","page_name":"AmadeuSoares","display_name":"Amadeu Soares","profile_url":"https://aveiro.academia.edu/AmadeuSoares?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":3770,"name":"Metabolism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolism?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":52972,"name":"Insecticides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insecticides?f_ri=17590"},{"id":52973,"name":"Insecticide Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insecticide_Resistance?f_ri=17590"},{"id":96098,"name":"Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resistance?f_ri=17590"},{"id":118450,"name":"Glutathione","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glutathione?f_ri=17590"},{"id":120646,"name":"Acetylcholinesterase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acetylcholinesterase?f_ri=17590"},{"id":208138,"name":"Cholinesterase inhibitors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cholinesterase_inhibitors?f_ri=17590"},{"id":231661,"name":"Enzyme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme?f_ri=17590"},{"id":583568,"name":"Enzyme activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme_activity?f_ri=17590"},{"id":616230,"name":"Daphnia Magna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia_Magna?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1109769,"name":"Biological Assay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Assay?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1630999,"name":"Toxicity Testing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity_Testing?f_ri=17590"},{"id":2163839,"name":"Growing Season","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growing_Season?f_ri=17590"},{"id":2221234,"name":"Piperonyl Butoxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Piperonyl_Butoxide?f_ri=17590"},{"id":3891789,"name":"Fenitrothion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fenitrothion?f_ri=17590"},{"id":4066159,"name":"Rice field","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rice_field?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30581265" data-work_id="30581265" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30581265/Acute_toxicity_of_cresols_xylenols_and_trimethylphenols_to_Daphnia_magna_Straus_1820">Acute toxicity of cresols, xylenols, and trimethylphenols to Daphnia magna Straus 1820</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Twenty-four-hour IC50 values (50% immobilization concentration) for phenol, o-cresol, mcresol, p-cresol, six xylenols, and three trimethylphenols were determined for Daphnia magna under static conditions. Our results show that cresols are... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30581265" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Twenty-four-hour IC50 values (50% immobilization concentration) for phenol, o-cresol, mcresol, p-cresol, six xylenols, and three trimethylphenols were determined for Daphnia magna under static conditions. Our results show that cresols are more toxic than phenol, that xylenols do not exhibit significantly higher toxicity than cresols, and that trimethylphenols are less toxic than cresols. Thus, no direct relationship can be found between the number and position of methyl groups on the phenol nucleus and their acute toxicity to the water flea.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30581265" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f59b797210cd55898445744c135a1612" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51023813,"asset_id":30581265,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51023813/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="58226868" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JDevillers">J. 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Our results show that cresols are more toxic than phenol, that xylenols do not exhibit significantly higher toxicity than cresols, and that trimethylphenols are less toxic than cresols. Thus, no direct relationship can be found between the number and position of methyl groups on the phenol nucleus and their acute toxicity to the water flea.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51023813,"asset_id":30581265,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":58226868,"first_name":"J.","last_name":"Devillers","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JDevillers","display_name":"J. 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Even so, the success of such treatments is frequently reported in terms of chemical parameters without a proper evaluation of the effluent's toxicity mitigation. This is the first study reporting an exhaustive evaluation of the toxicity of a secondary bleached kraft pulp mill effluent, after either tertiary treatment with the soft-rot fungi Rhizopus oryzae or with a photo-Fenton oxidation, using a battery of freshwater species. As it has been reported the photo-Fenton/ UV treatment has proved to be the most effective in reducing the colour and the COD (chemical oxygen demand) of the effluent. Nevertheless, extremely low EC 50 values were reported for almost all species, after this tertiary treatment. The treatment with R. oryzae was less effective in terms of colour removal and COD reduction, but proved to be the most promising in reducing toxicity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66964433" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="70c413b03696d8047395d416299d0f8e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77962313,"asset_id":66964433,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77962313/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="208619533" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IsaPeres1">Isa Peres</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="208619533" type="text/json">{"id":208619533,"first_name":"Isa","last_name":"Peres","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IsaPeres1","display_name":"Isa Peres","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IsaPeres1?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/208619533/68598275/56982330/s65_isa.peres.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66964433 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66964433"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66964433, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66964433", }); 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Even so, the success of such treatments is frequently reported in terms of chemical parameters without a proper evaluation of the effluent's toxicity mitigation. This is the first study reporting an exhaustive evaluation of the toxicity of a secondary bleached kraft pulp mill effluent, after either tertiary treatment with the soft-rot fungi Rhizopus oryzae or with a photo-Fenton oxidation, using a battery of freshwater species. As it has been reported the photo-Fenton/ UV treatment has proved to be the most effective in reducing the colour and the COD (chemical oxygen demand) of the effluent. Nevertheless, extremely low EC 50 values were reported for almost all species, after this tertiary treatment. The treatment with R. oryzae was less effective in terms of colour removal and COD reduction, but proved to be the most promising in reducing toxicity.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77962313,"asset_id":66964433,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":208619533,"first_name":"Isa","last_name":"Peres","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IsaPeres1","display_name":"Isa Peres","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IsaPeres1?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/208619533/68598275/56982330/s65_isa.peres.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":76714,"name":"Color","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Color?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":379748,"name":"Vibrio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vibrio?f_ri=17590"},{"id":397099,"name":"Biological treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_treatment?f_ri=17590"},{"id":501201,"name":"Bioreactors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioreactors?f_ri=17590"},{"id":532843,"name":"Industrial Waste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Waste?f_ri=17590"},{"id":661887,"name":"Chemical Oxygen Demand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Oxygen_Demand?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1256747,"name":"Oxidation-Reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidation-Reduction?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1380581,"name":"Advanced Oxidation Process","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Advanced_Oxidation_Process?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1659598,"name":"Rhizopus Oryzae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhizopus_Oryzae?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1835759,"name":"Kraft Pulping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kraft_Pulping?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1841105,"name":"Paper","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paper?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14316076" data-work_id="14316076" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14316076/Comparative_evaluation_of_acute_and_chronic_toxicities_of_CuO_nanoparticles_and_bulk_using_Daphnia_magna_and_Vibrio_fischeri">Comparative evaluation of acute and chronic toxicities of CuO nanoparticles and bulk using Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">CuO NPs were more toxic than MPs in acute toxicity with D. magna and V. fischeri. • CuO NPs affected reproduction and growth of D. magna. • Morphological changes were observed for D. magna after chronic toxicity tests. a b s t r a c t... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14316076" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">CuO NPs were more toxic than MPs in acute toxicity with D. magna and V. fischeri. • CuO NPs affected reproduction and growth of D. magna. • Morphological changes were observed for D. magna after chronic toxicity tests. a b s t r a c t Editor: Damia Barcelo Keywords: Chronic test Daphnia magna Vibrio fischeri Copper oxide nanoparticle Copper oxide microparticle</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14316076" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dcb698b7e22d4b95b07dbc39423d4bfb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44327544,"asset_id":14316076,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44327544/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1365028" href="https://ufsc.academia.edu/SilviaMelegari">Silvia Melegari</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1365028" type="text/json">{"id":1365028,"first_name":"Silvia","last_name":"Melegari","domain_name":"ufsc","page_name":"SilviaMelegari","display_name":"Silvia Melegari","profile_url":"https://ufsc.academia.edu/SilviaMelegari?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14316076 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14316076"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14316076, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14316076", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14316076 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14316076; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14316076"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14316076 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14316076"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14316076; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14316076]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14316076").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14316076").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14316076"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13621" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles">Nanoparticles</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13621" type="text/json">{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17590" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia">Daphnia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17590" type="text/json">{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="80692" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copper">Copper</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="80692" type="text/json">{"id":80692,"name":"Copper","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copper?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14316076]'), work: {"id":14316076,"title":"Comparative evaluation of acute and chronic toxicities of CuO nanoparticles and bulk using Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri","created_at":"2015-07-22T19:47:56.523-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14316076/Comparative_evaluation_of_acute_and_chronic_toxicities_of_CuO_nanoparticles_and_bulk_using_Daphnia_magna_and_Vibrio_fischeri?f_ri=17590","dom_id":"work_14316076","summary":"CuO NPs were more toxic than MPs in acute toxicity with D. magna and V. fischeri. • CuO NPs affected reproduction and growth of D. magna. • Morphological changes were observed for D. magna after chronic toxicity tests. a b s t r a c t Editor: Damia Barcelo Keywords: Chronic test Daphnia magna Vibrio fischeri Copper oxide nanoparticle Copper oxide microparticle","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44327544,"asset_id":14316076,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1365028,"first_name":"Silvia","last_name":"Melegari","domain_name":"ufsc","page_name":"SilviaMelegari","display_name":"Silvia Melegari","profile_url":"https://ufsc.academia.edu/SilviaMelegari?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":80692,"name":"Copper","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copper?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":666927,"name":"Toxicity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity_Tests?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1744038,"name":"Aliivibrio fischeri","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aliivibrio_fischeri?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47500930" data-work_id="47500930" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47500930/Hydrology_and_Grazing_Jointly_Control_a_Large_River_Food_Web">Hydrology and Grazing Jointly Control a Large-River Food Web</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Inputs of fresh water and grazing both can control aquatic food webs, but little is known about the relative strengths of and interactions between these controls. We use longterm data on the food web of the freshwater Hudson River estuary... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_47500930" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Inputs of fresh water and grazing both can control aquatic food webs, but little is known about the relative strengths of and interactions between these controls. We use longterm data on the food web of the freshwater Hudson River estuary to investigate the importance of, and interactions between, inputs of fresh water and grazing by the invasive zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha). Both freshwater inputs and zebra mussel grazing have strong, pervasive effects on the Hudson River food web. High flow tended to reduce population size in most parts of the food web. High grazing also reduced populations in the planktonic food web, but increased populations in the littoral food web, probably as a result of increases in water clarity. The influences of flow and zebra mussel grazing were roughly equal (i.e., within a factor of 2) for many variables over the period of our study. Zebra mussel grazing made phytoplankton less sensitive to freshwater inputs, but water clarity and the littoral food web more sensitive to freshwater inputs, showing that interactions between these two controlling factors can be strong and varied.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47500930" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8ed4178ac9df31b946aff16cbfc0cb4f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66561853,"asset_id":47500930,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66561853/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31878954" href="https://caryinstitute.academia.edu/JonathanCole">Jonathan Cole</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31878954" type="text/json">{"id":31878954,"first_name":"Jonathan","last_name":"Cole","domain_name":"caryinstitute","page_name":"JonathanCole","display_name":"Jonathan Cole","profile_url":"https://caryinstitute.academia.edu/JonathanCole?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31878954/48267361/36702175/s65_jonathan.cole.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47500930 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47500930"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47500930, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47500930", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_47500930 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47500930; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_47500930"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_47500930 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="47500930"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47500930; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47500930]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_47500930").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_47500930").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="47500930"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2549" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrology">Hydrology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2549" type="text/json">{"id":2549,"name":"Hydrology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5411" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass">Biomass</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5411" type="text/json">{"id":5411,"name":"Biomass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9846" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9846" type="text/json">{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11801" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring">Environmental Monitoring</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11801" type="text/json">{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47500930]'), work: {"id":47500930,"title":"Hydrology and Grazing Jointly Control a Large-River Food Web","created_at":"2021-04-22T14:14:33.359-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47500930/Hydrology_and_Grazing_Jointly_Control_a_Large_River_Food_Web?f_ri=17590","dom_id":"work_47500930","summary":"Inputs of fresh water and grazing both can control aquatic food webs, but little is known about the relative strengths of and interactions between these controls. We use longterm data on the food web of the freshwater Hudson River estuary to investigate the importance of, and interactions between, inputs of fresh water and grazing by the invasive zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha). Both freshwater inputs and zebra mussel grazing have strong, pervasive effects on the Hudson River food web. High flow tended to reduce population size in most parts of the food web. High grazing also reduced populations in the planktonic food web, but increased populations in the littoral food web, probably as a result of increases in water clarity. The influences of flow and zebra mussel grazing were roughly equal (i.e., within a factor of 2) for many variables over the period of our study. Zebra mussel grazing made phytoplankton less sensitive to freshwater inputs, but water clarity and the littoral food web more sensitive to freshwater inputs, showing that interactions between these two controlling factors can be strong and varied.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66561853,"asset_id":47500930,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31878954,"first_name":"Jonathan","last_name":"Cole","domain_name":"caryinstitute","page_name":"JonathanCole","display_name":"Jonathan Cole","profile_url":"https://caryinstitute.academia.edu/JonathanCole?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31878954/48267361/36702175/s65_jonathan.cole.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2549,"name":"Hydrology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":5411,"name":"Biomass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590"},{"id":43505,"name":"Food webs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_webs?f_ri=17590"},{"id":82682,"name":"Food web","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_web?f_ri=17590"},{"id":89990,"name":"Estuaries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estuaries?f_ri=17590"},{"id":141838,"name":"Herbivory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbivory?f_ri=17590"},{"id":202574,"name":"Feeding Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feeding_Behavior?f_ri=17590"},{"id":239605,"name":"Introduced species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Introduced_species?f_ri=17590"},{"id":373754,"name":"Ecosystem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecosystem?f_ri=17590"},{"id":379570,"name":"Estuary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estuary?f_ri=17590"},{"id":439435,"name":"Fresh water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fresh_water?f_ri=17590"},{"id":585173,"name":"Alien species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alien_species?f_ri=17590"},{"id":843856,"name":"Ecological Applications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Applications?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1013028,"name":"Food Chain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Chain?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1269474,"name":"Dreissena","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dreissena?f_ri=17590"},{"id":2143496,"name":"Herbivore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbivore?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21682549" data-work_id="21682549" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21682549/Assessment_of_multi_chemical_pollution_in_aquatic_ecosystems_using_toxic_units_Compound_prioritization_mixture_characterization_and_relationships_with_biological_descriptors">Assessment of multi-chemical pollution in aquatic ecosystems using toxic units: Compound prioritization, mixture characterization and relationships with biological descriptors</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Chemical pollution is typically characterized by exposure to multiple rather than to single or a limited number of compounds. Parent compounds, transformation products and other non-targeted compounds yield mixtures whose composition can... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21682549" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Chemical pollution is typically characterized by exposure to multiple rather than to single or a limited number of compounds. Parent compounds, transformation products and other non-targeted compounds yield mixtures whose composition can only be partially identified by monitoring, while a substantial proportion remains unknown. In this context, risk assessment based on the application of additive ecotoxicity models, such as concentration addition (CA), is rendered somewhat misleading. Here, we show that ecotoxicity risk information can be better understood upon consideration of the probabilistic distribution of risk among the different compounds. Toxic units of the compounds identified in a sample fit a lognormal probability distribution. The parameters characterizing this distribution (mean and standard deviation) provide information which can be tentatively interpreted as a measure of the toxic load and its apportionment among the constituents in the mixture (here interpreted as mixture complexity). Furthermore, they provide information for compound prioritization tailored to each site and enable prediction of some of the functional and structural biological variables associated with the receiving ecosystem. The proposed approach was tested in the Llobregat River basin (NE Spain) using exposure and toxicity data (algae and Daphnia) corresponding to 29 pharmaceuticals and 22 j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / s c i t o t e n v pesticides, and 5 structural and functional biological descriptors related to benthic macroinvertebrates (diversity, biomass) and biofilm metrics (diatom quality, chlorophyll-a content and photosynthetic capacity). Aggregated toxic units based on Daphnia and algae bioassays provided a good indication of the pollution pattern of the Llobregat River basin. Relative contribution of pesticides and pharmaceuticals to total toxic load was variable and highly site dependent, the latter group tending to increase its contribution in urban areas. Contaminated sites' toxic load was typically dominated by fewer compounds as compared to cleaner sites where more compounds contribute.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21682549" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="28e1b970d5c8feb3150c217f1bbfba9a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42373998,"asset_id":21682549,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42373998/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42710167" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MirendeAlda">Miren de Alda</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42710167" type="text/json">{"id":42710167,"first_name":"Miren de","last_name":"Alda","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MirendeAlda","display_name":"Miren de Alda","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MirendeAlda?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42710167/18637589/18599419/s65_miren_de.alda.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21682549 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21682549"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21682549, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21682549", }); 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Parent compounds, transformation products and other non-targeted compounds yield mixtures whose composition can only be partially identified by monitoring, while a substantial proportion remains unknown. In this context, risk assessment based on the application of additive ecotoxicity models, such as concentration addition (CA), is rendered somewhat misleading. Here, we show that ecotoxicity risk information can be better understood upon consideration of the probabilistic distribution of risk among the different compounds. Toxic units of the compounds identified in a sample fit a lognormal probability distribution. The parameters characterizing this distribution (mean and standard deviation) provide information which can be tentatively interpreted as a measure of the toxic load and its apportionment among the constituents in the mixture (here interpreted as mixture complexity). Furthermore, they provide information for compound prioritization tailored to each site and enable prediction of some of the functional and structural biological variables associated with the receiving ecosystem. The proposed approach was tested in the Llobregat River basin (NE Spain) using exposure and toxicity data (algae and Daphnia) corresponding to 29 pharmaceuticals and 22 j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / s c i t o t e n v pesticides, and 5 structural and functional biological descriptors related to benthic macroinvertebrates (diversity, biomass) and biofilm metrics (diatom quality, chlorophyll-a content and photosynthetic capacity). Aggregated toxic units based on Daphnia and algae bioassays provided a good indication of the pollution pattern of the Llobregat River basin. Relative contribution of pesticides and pharmaceuticals to total toxic load was variable and highly site dependent, the latter group tending to increase its contribution in urban areas. Contaminated sites' toxic load was typically dominated by fewer compounds as compared to cleaner sites where more compounds contribute.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42373998,"asset_id":21682549,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42710167,"first_name":"Miren de","last_name":"Alda","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MirendeAlda","display_name":"Miren de Alda","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MirendeAlda?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42710167/18637589/18599419/s65_miren_de.alda.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2187,"name":"Biofilms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biofilms?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":12653,"name":"Rivers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rivers?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":22617,"name":"Microalgae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microalgae?f_ri=17590"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=17590"},{"id":40516,"name":"Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain?f_ri=17590"},{"id":85437,"name":"Pesticides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pesticides?f_ri=17590"},{"id":568482,"name":"Biological markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_markers?f_ri=17590"},{"id":622589,"name":"Risk Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Assessment-2?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13728602" data-work_id="13728602" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13728602/Hazard_identification_of_imidacloprid_to_aquatic_environment">Hazard identification of imidacloprid to aquatic environment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The use of a very effective insecticide against sucking pests, neonicotinoid imidacloprid, has been increasing extensively. For this reason elevated concentrations are expected in aquatic environment. Despite this fact, there is still a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13728602" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The use of a very effective insecticide against sucking pests, neonicotinoid imidacloprid, has been increasing extensively. For this reason elevated concentrations are expected in aquatic environment. Despite this fact, there is still a lack of data available on its possible risk for the environment. In this study, the potential hazards of imidacloprid and its commercial product Confidor SL 200 to aquatic environment were identified by the acute and chronic toxicity assessment using bacteria Vibrio fischeri, algae Desmodesmus subspicatus, crustacean Daphnia magna, fish Danio rerio and the ready biodegradability determination. We found out, that imidacloprid was not highly toxic to tested organisms in comparison to some other environmental pollutants tested in the same experimental set-up. Among the organisms tested, water flea D. magna proved to be the most sensitive species after a short-term (48 h EC50 = 56.6 mg L À1 ) and longterm exposure (21 d NOEC = 1.25 mg L À1 ). On the contrary, the intensified toxicity of Confidor SL 200 in comparison to analytical grade imidacloprid was observed in the case of algae and slight increase of its toxicity was detected testing daphnids and fish. The activities of cholinesterase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase of daphnids were not early biomarkers of exposure to imidacloprid and its commercial product. Imidacloprid was found persistent in water samples and not readily biodegradable in aquatic environment. Due to increased future predicted use of commercial products containing imidacloprid and the findings of this work, we recommend additional toxicity and biodegradability studies of other commercial products with imidacloprid as an active constituent.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13728602" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c1a0ab9e2bd402158b91e8f9f9e21b94" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45013835,"asset_id":13728602,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45013835/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32855005" href="https://uni-lj.academia.edu/PoloncaTreb%C5%A1e">Polonca Trebše</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32855005" type="text/json">{"id":32855005,"first_name":"Polonca","last_name":"Trebše","domain_name":"uni-lj","page_name":"PoloncaTrebše","display_name":"Polonca Trebše","profile_url":"https://uni-lj.academia.edu/PoloncaTreb%C5%A1e?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13728602 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13728602"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13728602, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13728602", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13728602]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13728602").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13728602").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13728602"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17590" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia">Daphnia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17590" type="text/json">{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34341" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Danio_rerio">Danio rerio</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="34341" type="text/json">{"id":34341,"name":"Danio rerio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Danio_rerio?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52972" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insecticides">Insecticides</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="52972" type="text/json">{"id":52972,"name":"Insecticides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insecticides?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13728602]'), work: {"id":13728602,"title":"Hazard identification of imidacloprid to aquatic environment","created_at":"2015-07-06T21:37:42.094-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13728602/Hazard_identification_of_imidacloprid_to_aquatic_environment?f_ri=17590","dom_id":"work_13728602","summary":"The use of a very effective insecticide against sucking pests, neonicotinoid imidacloprid, has been increasing extensively. For this reason elevated concentrations are expected in aquatic environment. Despite this fact, there is still a lack of data available on its possible risk for the environment. In this study, the potential hazards of imidacloprid and its commercial product Confidor SL 200 to aquatic environment were identified by the acute and chronic toxicity assessment using bacteria Vibrio fischeri, algae Desmodesmus subspicatus, crustacean Daphnia magna, fish Danio rerio and the ready biodegradability determination. We found out, that imidacloprid was not highly toxic to tested organisms in comparison to some other environmental pollutants tested in the same experimental set-up. Among the organisms tested, water flea D. magna proved to be the most sensitive species after a short-term (48 h EC50 = 56.6 mg L À1 ) and longterm exposure (21 d NOEC = 1.25 mg L À1 ). On the contrary, the intensified toxicity of Confidor SL 200 in comparison to analytical grade imidacloprid was observed in the case of algae and slight increase of its toxicity was detected testing daphnids and fish. The activities of cholinesterase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase of daphnids were not early biomarkers of exposure to imidacloprid and its commercial product. Imidacloprid was found persistent in water samples and not readily biodegradable in aquatic environment. Due to increased future predicted use of commercial products containing imidacloprid and the findings of this work, we recommend additional toxicity and biodegradability studies of other commercial products with imidacloprid as an active constituent.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45013835,"asset_id":13728602,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32855005,"first_name":"Polonca","last_name":"Trebše","domain_name":"uni-lj","page_name":"PoloncaTrebše","display_name":"Polonca Trebše","profile_url":"https://uni-lj.academia.edu/PoloncaTreb%C5%A1e?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":34341,"name":"Danio rerio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Danio_rerio?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":52972,"name":"Insecticides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insecticides?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":117270,"name":"Fishes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fishes?f_ri=17590"},{"id":118450,"name":"Glutathione","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glutathione?f_ri=17590"},{"id":139007,"name":"Catalase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catalase?f_ri=17590"},{"id":616230,"name":"Daphnia Magna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia_Magna?f_ri=17590"},{"id":801409,"name":"Imidazoles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imidazoles?f_ri=17590"},{"id":957649,"name":"Vibrio Fischeri","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vibrio_Fischeri?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1462615,"name":"Chronic Toxicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Toxicity?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1744038,"name":"Aliivibrio fischeri","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aliivibrio_fischeri?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69466369" data-work_id="69466369" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69466369/Assessment_of_structurally_related_chemicals_Toxicity_and_ecotoxicity_of_acrylic_acid_and_acrylic_acid_alkyl_esters_acrylates_methacrylic_acid_and_methacrylic_acid_alkyl_esters_methacrylates_">Assessment of structurally related chemicals: Toxicity and ecotoxicity of acrylic acid and acrylic acid alkyl esters (acrylates), methacrylic acid and methacrylic acid alkyl esters (methacrylates)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">BUA compiled the available data on toxicity and ecotoxicity for several acrylic and methacrylie acid esters and their corresponding acids. A comparison of these data revealed a qualitative similarity in the toxicological and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69466369" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">BUA compiled the available data on toxicity and ecotoxicity for several acrylic and methacrylie acid esters and their corresponding acids. A comparison of these data revealed a qualitative similarity in the toxicological and ecotoxicological properties of the compounds considered. The data indicate that methacrylates are less reactive than the corresponding acrylates.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69466369" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5d4a2f75159aec16685b61ca3a833384" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79554365,"asset_id":69466369,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79554365/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="198529833" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MangelsdorfInge">Inge Mangelsdorf</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="198529833" type="text/json">{"id":198529833,"first_name":"Inge","last_name":"Mangelsdorf","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MangelsdorfInge","display_name":"Inge Mangelsdorf","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MangelsdorfInge?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69466369 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69466369"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69466369, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69466369", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_69466369 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69466369; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_69466369"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_69466369 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="69466369"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69466369; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69466369]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_69466369").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_69466369").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69466369"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="523" type="text/json">{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17590" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia">Daphnia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17590" type="text/json">{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69466369]'), work: {"id":69466369,"title":"Assessment of structurally related chemicals: Toxicity and ecotoxicity of acrylic acid and acrylic acid alkyl esters (acrylates), methacrylic acid and methacrylic acid alkyl esters (methacrylates)","created_at":"2022-01-26T00:18:22.013-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69466369/Assessment_of_structurally_related_chemicals_Toxicity_and_ecotoxicity_of_acrylic_acid_and_acrylic_acid_alkyl_esters_acrylates_methacrylic_acid_and_methacrylic_acid_alkyl_esters_methacrylates_?f_ri=17590","dom_id":"work_69466369","summary":"BUA compiled the available data on toxicity and ecotoxicity for several acrylic and methacrylie acid esters and their corresponding acids. A comparison of these data revealed a qualitative similarity in the toxicological and ecotoxicological properties of the compounds considered. 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More studies are needed in tropical systems in order to assess contamination risks to nontarget endemic tropical species from the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49766371" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Current knowledge on fate and effect of agricultural pesticides comes is mainly from temperate ecosystems. More studies are needed in tropical systems in order to assess contamination risks to nontarget endemic tropical species from the extensive use of pesticides e.g. in banana and pineapple plantations. In this study, acute laboratory toxicity tests with organophosphate pesticides ethoprophos and chlorpyrifos were conducted on two Costa Rican species, cladoceran Daphnia ambigua and fish Parachromis dovii. Tests showed that chlorpyrifos was more toxic than ethoprophos to D. ambigua and P. dovii and that D. ambigua was also more sensitive than P. dovii to both pesticides. Additionally, bioassays were performed by exposing D. magna and P. dovii to contaminated water collected from the field. Chemical analyses of field water revealed that fungicides were generally the most frequent pesticide group found, followed by insecticides/nematicides and herbicides. The bioassays and values obt...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49766371" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c450119ee67522ac9e9a8a580043c5cf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68008314,"asset_id":49766371,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68008314/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32937323" rel="nofollow" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LuisaCastillo11">Luisa Castillo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32937323" type="text/json">{"id":32937323,"first_name":"Luisa","last_name":"Castillo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LuisaCastillo11","display_name":"Luisa Castillo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LuisaCastillo11?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49766371 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49766371"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49766371, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49766371", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49766371 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49766371; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49766371"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49766371 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49766371"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49766371; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49766371]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49766371").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49766371").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49766371"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17566" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Costa_Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17566" type="text/json">{"id":17566,"name":"Costa Rica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Costa_Rica?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17590" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia">Daphnia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17590" type="text/json">{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences">Environmental Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="58054" type="text/json">{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49766371]'), work: {"id":49766371,"title":"Effect of pesticides used in banana and pineapple plantations on aquatic ecosystems in Costa Rica","created_at":"2021-07-11T15:25:53.449-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49766371/Effect_of_pesticides_used_in_banana_and_pineapple_plantations_on_aquatic_ecosystems_in_Costa_Rica?f_ri=17590","dom_id":"work_49766371","summary":"Current knowledge on fate and effect of agricultural pesticides comes is mainly from temperate ecosystems. More studies are needed in tropical systems in order to assess contamination risks to nontarget endemic tropical species from the extensive use of pesticides e.g. in banana and pineapple plantations. In this study, acute laboratory toxicity tests with organophosphate pesticides ethoprophos and chlorpyrifos were conducted on two Costa Rican species, cladoceran Daphnia ambigua and fish Parachromis dovii. Tests showed that chlorpyrifos was more toxic than ethoprophos to D. ambigua and P. dovii and that D. ambigua was also more sensitive than P. dovii to both pesticides. Additionally, bioassays were performed by exposing D. magna and P. dovii to contaminated water collected from the field. Chemical analyses of field water revealed that fungicides were generally the most frequent pesticide group found, followed by insecticides/nematicides and herbicides. The bioassays and values obt...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68008314,"asset_id":49766371,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32937323,"first_name":"Luisa","last_name":"Castillo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LuisaCastillo11","display_name":"Luisa Castillo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LuisaCastillo11?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":17566,"name":"Costa Rica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Costa_Rica?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":85437,"name":"Pesticides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pesticides?f_ri=17590"},{"id":97142,"name":"Environmental Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Biology?f_ri=17590"},{"id":195089,"name":"Cichlids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cichlids?f_ri=17590"},{"id":373754,"name":"Ecosystem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecosystem?f_ri=17590"},{"id":666927,"name":"Toxicity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity_Tests?f_ri=17590"},{"id":764674,"name":"Chlorpyrifos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chlorpyrifos?f_ri=17590"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22760535 coauthored" data-work_id="22760535" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22760535/First_Derivation_of_Predicted_No_Effect_Values_for_Freshwater_and_Terrestrial_Ecosystems_Exposed_to_Radioactive_Substances">First Derivation of Predicted-No-Effect Values for Freshwater and Terrestrial Ecosystems Exposed to Radioactive Substances</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The FASSET Radiation Effects Database (FRED) constitutes a unique structured resource of the biological effects of ionizing radiation on non-human species mainly from temperate ecosystems, encompassing 26,000 primary data entries.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22760535" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The FASSET Radiation Effects Database (FRED) constitutes a unique structured resource of the biological effects of ionizing radiation on non-human species mainly from temperate ecosystems, encompassing 26,000 primary data entries. Quality-assessed data were extracted from FRED and dose-effect relationships were constructed to provide estimates of ED 50 and EDR 10 . These estimates are Doses (or Dose Rates) related to the percent change in the average level of the endpoint for a particular effect (50% or 10% for acute or chronic exposure regimes, respectively). Acute and chronic Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSDs) were built on the basis of these data sets, and the Assessment Factor Method (AFM) was applied when data were too scarce. The Hazardous Dose corresponding to 5% of species acutely affected at the 50% effect level varied from 1 to 5.5 Gy according to the ecosystem. For chronic γ external irradiation exposure, no-effect values varied from 10 µGy/h for freshwaters through application of the AFM to 67 µGy/h for terrestrial ecosystems, corresponding to the 5th percentile of the non-weighted SSD (vs 229 µGy/h when trophic weights are applied). These values are higher by ca. ×50 to ×100 than the upper bound of natural background, and lower than dose rates triggering effects at individual levels on contaminated sites.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22760535" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eb957c3fcb7e337a65bd33294c035502" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43319820,"asset_id":22760535,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43319820/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35331690" href="https://irsn.academia.edu/RodolpheGilbin">Rodolphe Gilbin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35331690" type="text/json">{"id":35331690,"first_name":"Rodolphe","last_name":"Gilbin","domain_name":"irsn","page_name":"RodolpheGilbin","display_name":"Rodolphe Gilbin","profile_url":"https://irsn.academia.edu/RodolpheGilbin?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35331690/10528434/11904383/s65_rodolphe.gilbin.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-22760535">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-22760535"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/DavidCopplestone">David Copplestone</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-22760535'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-22760535').html(); 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Quality-assessed data were extracted from FRED and dose-effect relationships were constructed to provide estimates of ED 50 and EDR 10 . These estimates are Doses (or Dose Rates) related to the percent change in the average level of the endpoint for a particular effect (50% or 10% for acute or chronic exposure regimes, respectively). Acute and chronic Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSDs) were built on the basis of these data sets, and the Assessment Factor Method (AFM) was applied when data were too scarce. The Hazardous Dose corresponding to 5% of species acutely affected at the 50% effect level varied from 1 to 5.5 Gy according to the ecosystem. For chronic γ external irradiation exposure, no-effect values varied from 10 µGy/h for freshwaters through application of the AFM to 67 µGy/h for terrestrial ecosystems, corresponding to the 5th percentile of the non-weighted SSD (vs 229 µGy/h when trophic weights are applied). These values are higher by ca. ×50 to ×100 than the upper bound of natural background, and lower than dose rates triggering effects at individual levels on contaminated sites.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43319820,"asset_id":22760535,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35331690,"first_name":"Rodolphe","last_name":"Gilbin","domain_name":"irsn","page_name":"RodolpheGilbin","display_name":"Rodolphe Gilbin","profile_url":"https://irsn.academia.edu/RodolpheGilbin?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35331690/10528434/11904383/s65_rodolphe.gilbin.jpg"},{"id":36798625,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Copplestone","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DavidCopplestone","display_name":"David Copplestone","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DavidCopplestone?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":18325,"name":"Radiobiology of Ionizing Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiobiology_of_Ionizing_Radiation?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":117270,"name":"Fishes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fishes?f_ri=17590"},{"id":170540,"name":"Amphibians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amphibians?f_ri=17590"},{"id":284032,"name":"Radiation Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Monitoring?f_ri=17590"},{"id":373754,"name":"Ecosystem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecosystem?f_ri=17590"},{"id":439435,"name":"Fresh water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fresh_water?f_ri=17590"},{"id":591818,"name":"Early Terrestrial Ecosystems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Terrestrial_Ecosystems?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1133132,"name":"Environmental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1694054,"name":"Radioactive waste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radioactive_waste?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16078818 coauthored" data-work_id="16078818" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16078818/Leaching_of_contaminants_from_untreated_pine_bark_in_a_batch_study_Chemical_analysis_and_ecotoxicological_evaluation">Leaching of contaminants from untreated pine bark in a batch study: Chemical analysis and ecotoxicological evaluation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Low cost sorbents have been widely studied in recent years in the search for filter materials that retain contaminants from water. One promising, low cost material is pine bark, a by-product from the forest industry. Many studies have... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16078818" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Low cost sorbents have been widely studied in recent years in the search for filter materials that retain contaminants from water. One promising, low cost material is pine bark, a by-product from the forest industry. Many studies have shown that pine bark has great potential for the treatment of metals and organic substances, as a replacement for other commercial sorbents such as active carbon. However, some potential problems are introduced through the use of natural materials and by-products. One such problem that must be addressed is the possibility of leaching of contaminants from the filter material, especially in the initial filtration step or during flushes of lightly contaminated water, e.g. during rainfall for on-site treatment of storm water or landfill leachate. The aim of this preliminary study was therefore to identify potential risks and limitations of using pine bark as a filter material. Leachate from a standardized batch test was analysed for metals, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and phenols. In addition to these chemical analyses, an ecotoxicological test was conducted using the test organism Daphnia magna. The results showed significant leaching of DOC and some metals. Only a small fraction of the DOC was present as phenols. The leachate was however found to be toxic to the test organism without pH adjustment, and the EC 50 was established at an approximate leachate concentration of 40%. This was concluded to be related to the low pH in the eluate, since no toxicity was observed after pH adjustment before the toxicity tests.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16078818" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="11c71b722987680af1fc472d55db185c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42759272,"asset_id":16078818,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42759272/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35274454" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EmmaNehrenheim">Emma Nehrenheim</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35274454" type="text/json">{"id":35274454,"first_name":"Emma","last_name":"Nehrenheim","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EmmaNehrenheim","display_name":"Emma Nehrenheim","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EmmaNehrenheim?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-16078818">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-16078818"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MonicaOdlare">Monica Odlare</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-16078818'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-16078818').html(); 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One promising, low cost material is pine bark, a by-product from the forest industry. Many studies have shown that pine bark has great potential for the treatment of metals and organic substances, as a replacement for other commercial sorbents such as active carbon. However, some potential problems are introduced through the use of natural materials and by-products. One such problem that must be addressed is the possibility of leaching of contaminants from the filter material, especially in the initial filtration step or during flushes of lightly contaminated water, e.g. during rainfall for on-site treatment of storm water or landfill leachate. The aim of this preliminary study was therefore to identify potential risks and limitations of using pine bark as a filter material. Leachate from a standardized batch test was analysed for metals, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and phenols. In addition to these chemical analyses, an ecotoxicological test was conducted using the test organism Daphnia magna. The results showed significant leaching of DOC and some metals. Only a small fraction of the DOC was present as phenols. The leachate was however found to be toxic to the test organism without pH adjustment, and the EC 50 was established at an approximate leachate concentration of 40%. This was concluded to be related to the low pH in the eluate, since no toxicity was observed after pH adjustment before the toxicity tests.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42759272,"asset_id":16078818,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35274454,"first_name":"Emma","last_name":"Nehrenheim","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EmmaNehrenheim","display_name":"Emma Nehrenheim","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EmmaNehrenheim?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":35205057,"first_name":"Monica","last_name":"Odlare","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MonicaOdlare","display_name":"Monica Odlare","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MonicaOdlare?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":4552,"name":"Ecotoxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecotoxicology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":7597,"name":"Leaching","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leaching?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":9990,"name":"Water Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Treatment?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=17590"},{"id":12124,"name":"Filtration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filtration?f_ri=17590"},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590"},{"id":21724,"name":"Water Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution?f_ri=17590"},{"id":39753,"name":"Activated Carbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activated_Carbon?f_ri=17590"},{"id":67405,"name":"Toxicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity?f_ri=17590"},{"id":84278,"name":"Ph","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ph?f_ri=17590"},{"id":111050,"name":"Heavy Metal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heavy_Metal?f_ri=17590"},{"id":117033,"name":"Forests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forests?f_ri=17590"},{"id":149625,"name":"Hazardous Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hazardous_Materials?f_ri=17590"},{"id":168891,"name":"Chemical Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Analysis?f_ri=17590"},{"id":179010,"name":"Natural Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Sciences?f_ri=17590"},{"id":211876,"name":"Desorption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Desorption?f_ri=17590"},{"id":255058,"name":"Metals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metals?f_ri=17590"},{"id":280595,"name":"Bark","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bark?f_ri=17590"},{"id":347988,"name":"Phenols","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenols?f_ri=17590"},{"id":359474,"name":"Pinus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pinus?f_ri=17590"},{"id":394388,"name":"Hazardous","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hazardous?f_ri=17590"},{"id":448571,"name":"Contaminants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contaminants?f_ri=17590"},{"id":486635,"name":"Dissolved Organic 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Chemicals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemicals?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1630999,"name":"Toxicity Testing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity_Testing?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17355097" data-work_id="17355097" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17355097/Acute_Toxicity_Tests_with_the_Tropical_Cladoceran_Pseudosida_ramosa_The_Importance_of_Using_Native_Species_as_Test_Organisms">Acute Toxicity Tests with the Tropical Cladoceran Pseudosida ramosa: The Importance of Using Native Species as Test Organisms</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Cladocerans have long been used for toxicological assessments of a diverse range of substances. The use of cladocerans in toxicity tests has many advantages, such as their short life cycle, parthenogenetic reproduction (clones), and high... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17355097" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Cladocerans have long been used for toxicological assessments of a diverse range of substances. The use of cladocerans in toxicity tests has many advantages, such as their short life cycle, parthenogenetic reproduction (clones), and high sensitivity to toxicants, as well as the easy laboratory maintenance of cultures. The most commonly used cladoceran in ecotoxicological studies of aquatic environments is undoubtedly Daphnia magna. Standard methods using cladocerans as test organisms have been documented and adopted by major international organizations and regulatory agencies of many countries. However, today there is a growing need for improving test organisms and protocols to better reflect local species sensitivity or site-specific conditions. The present study aimed to assess the tropical species Pseudosida ramosa as a potential test organism for ecotoxicological purposes, by carrying out standard acute tests with six reference compounds. Based on the results obtained in the present study and in comparison with other cladocerans, it was found that P. ramosa was more sensitive than Daphnia magna, had a sensitivity similar to that of Daphnia similis, and was less sensitive compared to Ceriodaphnia dubia and C. silvestrii (Neotropical species), except for the salts, sodium chloride and potassium chloride. Also, when P. ramosa was compared with test organisms of other taxonomic groups, we observed that it was more sensitive than most of the others, from simple coelenterates to complex fish. Considering these results and the wide distribution of the cladoceran P. ramosa in tropical and subtropical regions, we suggest that this species can be adopted as a test organism, being a good substitute for the exotic daphnid D. magna, for monitoring of toxicants in freshwaters.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17355097" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="339e70ef867c5bc859ce1aca09b9140d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42266074,"asset_id":17355097,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42266074/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37079741" href="https://ufscar-br.academia.edu/OdeteRocha">Odete Rocha</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37079741" type="text/json">{"id":37079741,"first_name":"Odete","last_name":"Rocha","domain_name":"ufscar-br","page_name":"OdeteRocha","display_name":"Odete Rocha","profile_url":"https://ufscar-br.academia.edu/OdeteRocha?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17355097 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17355097"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17355097, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17355097", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17355097]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17355097").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17355097").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17355097"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3345" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_organizations">International organizations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3345" type="text/json">{"id":3345,"name":"International organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_organizations?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17590" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia">Daphnia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17590" type="text/json">{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="182962" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle">Life Cycle</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="182962" type="text/json">{"id":182962,"name":"Life Cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17355097]'), work: {"id":17355097,"title":"Acute Toxicity Tests with the Tropical Cladoceran Pseudosida ramosa: The Importance of Using Native Species as Test Organisms","created_at":"2015-10-27T10:21:01.588-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17355097/Acute_Toxicity_Tests_with_the_Tropical_Cladoceran_Pseudosida_ramosa_The_Importance_of_Using_Native_Species_as_Test_Organisms?f_ri=17590","dom_id":"work_17355097","summary":"Cladocerans have long been used for toxicological assessments of a diverse range of substances. The use of cladocerans in toxicity tests has many advantages, such as their short life cycle, parthenogenetic reproduction (clones), and high sensitivity to toxicants, as well as the easy laboratory maintenance of cultures. The most commonly used cladoceran in ecotoxicological studies of aquatic environments is undoubtedly Daphnia magna. Standard methods using cladocerans as test organisms have been documented and adopted by major international organizations and regulatory agencies of many countries. However, today there is a growing need for improving test organisms and protocols to better reflect local species sensitivity or site-specific conditions. The present study aimed to assess the tropical species Pseudosida ramosa as a potential test organism for ecotoxicological purposes, by carrying out standard acute tests with six reference compounds. Based on the results obtained in the present study and in comparison with other cladocerans, it was found that P. ramosa was more sensitive than Daphnia magna, had a sensitivity similar to that of Daphnia similis, and was less sensitive compared to Ceriodaphnia dubia and C. silvestrii (Neotropical species), except for the salts, sodium chloride and potassium chloride. Also, when P. ramosa was compared with test organisms of other taxonomic groups, we observed that it was more sensitive than most of the others, from simple coelenterates to complex fish. Considering these results and the wide distribution of the cladoceran P. ramosa in tropical and subtropical regions, we suggest that this species can be adopted as a test organism, being a good substitute for the exotic daphnid D. magna, for monitoring of toxicants in freshwaters.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42266074,"asset_id":17355097,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37079741,"first_name":"Odete","last_name":"Rocha","domain_name":"ufscar-br","page_name":"OdeteRocha","display_name":"Odete Rocha","profile_url":"https://ufscar-br.academia.edu/OdeteRocha?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3345,"name":"International organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_organizations?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":182962,"name":"Life Cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":444159,"name":"Cladocera","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cladocera?f_ri=17590"},{"id":616230,"name":"Daphnia Magna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia_Magna?f_ri=17590"},{"id":635793,"name":"International Organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Organizations-1?f_ri=17590"},{"id":784076,"name":"Species Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Species_Specificity?f_ri=17590"},{"id":802213,"name":"Lethal Dose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lethal_Dose?f_ri=17590"},{"id":962638,"name":"High Sensitivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Sensitivity?f_ri=17590"},{"id":980394,"name":"Acute Toxicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acute_Toxicity?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1006670,"name":"Atrazine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atrazine?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1007250,"name":"Native Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_Species?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1223913,"name":"Sodium Chloride","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sodium_Chloride?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1295914,"name":"Potassium Chloride","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Potassium_Chloride?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1496710,"name":"Potassium Dichromate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Potassium_Dichromate?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1630999,"name":"Toxicity Testing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity_Testing?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24835827 coauthored" data-work_id="24835827" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24835827/Environmental_risk_assessment_of_pharmaceuticals_in_rivers_Relationships_between_hazard_indexes_and_aquatic_macroinvertebrate_diversity_indexes_in_the_Llobregat_River_NE_Spain_">Environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals in rivers: Relationships between hazard indexes and aquatic macroinvertebrate diversity indexes in the Llobregat River (NE Spain)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Continuous input of pharmaceuticals into rivers, through wastewater treatment systems, may cause adverse effects on the aquatic ecosystems of the receiving waterbodies, due to the intrinsic biological activity of these compounds. To... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24835827" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Continuous input of pharmaceuticals into rivers, through wastewater treatment systems, may cause adverse effects on the aquatic ecosystems of the receiving waterbodies, due to the intrinsic biological activity of these compounds. To investigate this issue, we have carried out an Environmental Risk Assessment in the lower part of the Llobregat River basin (NE Spain). The survey was carried out along three campaigns in 7 sampling points, located in the main river and in one of its tributaries (Anoia River). In each sample, 29 commonly used pharmaceuticals, belonging to different therapeutical classes (analgesics and non-steroidal antiinflammatories (NSAIDs), lipid regulators, psychiatric drugs, anti-histamines, anti-ulcer agents, antibiotics and β-blockers) have been determined. Simultaneously, the macroinvertebrate community status of the same points has been also studied. Hazard quotient indexes have been estimated for the most representative compounds as the ratio between concentrations and EC 50 reported values, for three bioassays commonly used in environmental toxicology, namely, fish, Daphnia and algae. Hazard indexes are obtained for each sample by summing up the hazard quotients of all the compounds present, and taking its average along the three sampling campaigns. In general, hazard quotients tend to increase when going downstream. Only those points located most upstream of the two rivers can be qualified under low risk for the three bioassays. The most sensitive bioassay seems to be algae, followed by Daphnia and fish. Log-transformed hazard indexes show fairly good inverse correlations (r = − 0.58 to − 0.93, p < 0.05) with Shannon diversity indexes of macroinvertebrates, determined from both densities and biomasses. Best correlations are obtained for Daphnia based hazard indexes, as expected from its taxonomical proximity to macroinvertebrates. The abnormal correlation behaviour found in one point located in the Anoia River is explained by the presence of other previously reported pollutants of industrial origin, generated by the nearby existing industry.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24835827" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3c9c05b1f353322ad39ff1c3318100d8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45160354,"asset_id":24835827,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45160354/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="47887648" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BrixR">R. Brix</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="47887648" type="text/json">{"id":47887648,"first_name":"R.","last_name":"Brix","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BrixR","display_name":"R. Brix","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BrixR?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-24835827">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-24835827"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlisonMcLaughlin1">Alison McLaughlin</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://csic.academia.edu/MirenL%C3%B3pezdeAlda">Miren López de Alda</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-24835827'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-24835827').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24835827 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24835827"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24835827, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24835827", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24835827]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24835827").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24835827").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24835827"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">23</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7051" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invertebrates">Invertebrates</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7051" type="text/json">{"id":7051,"name":"Invertebrates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invertebrates?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9991" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wastewater_Treatment">Wastewater Treatment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9991" type="text/json">{"id":9991,"name":"Wastewater Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wastewater_Treatment?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11801" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring">Environmental Monitoring</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11801" type="text/json">{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12653" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rivers">Rivers</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12653" type="text/json">{"id":12653,"name":"Rivers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rivers?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24835827]'), work: {"id":24835827,"title":"Environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals in rivers: Relationships between hazard indexes and aquatic macroinvertebrate diversity indexes in the Llobregat River (NE Spain)","created_at":"2016-04-28T01:26:42.070-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24835827/Environmental_risk_assessment_of_pharmaceuticals_in_rivers_Relationships_between_hazard_indexes_and_aquatic_macroinvertebrate_diversity_indexes_in_the_Llobregat_River_NE_Spain_?f_ri=17590","dom_id":"work_24835827","summary":"Continuous input of pharmaceuticals into rivers, through wastewater treatment systems, may cause adverse effects on the aquatic ecosystems of the receiving waterbodies, due to the intrinsic biological activity of these compounds. To investigate this issue, we have carried out an Environmental Risk Assessment in the lower part of the Llobregat River basin (NE Spain). The survey was carried out along three campaigns in 7 sampling points, located in the main river and in one of its tributaries (Anoia River). In each sample, 29 commonly used pharmaceuticals, belonging to different therapeutical classes (analgesics and non-steroidal antiinflammatories (NSAIDs), lipid regulators, psychiatric drugs, anti-histamines, anti-ulcer agents, antibiotics and β-blockers) have been determined. Simultaneously, the macroinvertebrate community status of the same points has been also studied. Hazard quotient indexes have been estimated for the most representative compounds as the ratio between concentrations and EC 50 reported values, for three bioassays commonly used in environmental toxicology, namely, fish, Daphnia and algae. Hazard indexes are obtained for each sample by summing up the hazard quotients of all the compounds present, and taking its average along the three sampling campaigns. In general, hazard quotients tend to increase when going downstream. Only those points located most upstream of the two rivers can be qualified under low risk for the three bioassays. The most sensitive bioassay seems to be algae, followed by Daphnia and fish. Log-transformed hazard indexes show fairly good inverse correlations (r = − 0.58 to − 0.93, p \u003c 0.05) with Shannon diversity indexes of macroinvertebrates, determined from both densities and biomasses. Best correlations are obtained for Daphnia based hazard indexes, as expected from its taxonomical proximity to macroinvertebrates. The abnormal correlation behaviour found in one point located in the Anoia River is explained by the presence of other previously reported pollutants of industrial origin, generated by the nearby existing industry.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45160354,"asset_id":24835827,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":47887648,"first_name":"R.","last_name":"Brix","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BrixR","display_name":"R. Brix","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BrixR?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":47932610,"first_name":"Alison","last_name":"McLaughlin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlisonMcLaughlin1","display_name":"Alison McLaughlin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlisonMcLaughlin1?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32525233,"first_name":"Miren","last_name":"López de Alda","domain_name":"csic","page_name":"MirenLópezdeAlda","display_name":"Miren López de Alda","profile_url":"https://csic.academia.edu/MirenL%C3%B3pezdeAlda?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7051,"name":"Invertebrates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invertebrates?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":9991,"name":"Wastewater Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wastewater_Treatment?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":12653,"name":"Rivers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rivers?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=17590"},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590"},{"id":17825,"name":"Biodiversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity?f_ri=17590"},{"id":21885,"name":"Hazardous Waste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hazardous_Waste?f_ri=17590"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=17590"},{"id":40516,"name":"Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain?f_ri=17590"},{"id":53796,"name":"Aquatic Ecosystem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquatic_Ecosystem?f_ri=17590"},{"id":117270,"name":"Fishes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fishes?f_ri=17590"},{"id":289315,"name":"Safety Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety_Management?f_ri=17590"},{"id":291498,"name":"River Basin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/River_Basin?f_ri=17590"},{"id":319330,"name":"Environmental Risk Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Risk_Assessment?f_ri=17590"},{"id":622589,"name":"Risk Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Assessment-2?f_ri=17590"},{"id":666927,"name":"Toxicity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity_Tests?f_ri=17590"},{"id":749302,"name":"Indexation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indexation?f_ri=17590"},{"id":783432,"name":"Biological activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_activity?f_ri=17590"},{"id":860345,"name":"Low Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_Risk?f_ri=17590"},{"id":876158,"name":"Diversity index","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diversity_index?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1208706,"name":"Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment?f_ri=17590"},{"id":2380004,"name":"Pharmaceutical preparations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_preparations?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3212107" data-work_id="3212107" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3212107/Reticulate_evolution_of_the_Daphnia_pulex_complex_as_revealed_by_nuclear_markers">Reticulate evolution of the Daphnia pulex complex as revealed by nuclear markers</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The study of species complexes is of particular interest to understand how evolutionary young species maintain genomic integrity. The Daphnia pulex complex has been intensively studied as it includes species that dominate freshwater... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3212107" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The study of species complexes is of particular interest to understand how evolutionary young species maintain genomic integrity. The Daphnia pulex complex has been intensively studied as it includes species that dominate freshwater environments in the Northern hemisphere and as it is the sole North American complex that shows transitions to obligate parthenogenesis. Past studies using mitochondrial markers have revealed the presence of 10 distinct lineages in the complex. This study is the first to examine genetic relationships among seven species of the complex at nuclear markers (nine microsatellite loci and one protein-coding gene). Clones belonging to the seven species of the Daphnia pulex complex were characterized at the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase (ND5) gene and at the Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) locus. K-means, principal coordinate analyses and phylogenetic network analyses on the microsatellite data all separated European D. pulicaria, D. tenebrosa, North American D. pulex, D. pulicaria and their hybrids into distinct clusters. The hybrid cluster was composed of diploid and polyploid hybrids with D. pulex mitochondria and some clones with D. pulicaria mitochondria. By contrast, the phylogeny of the D. pulex complex using Rab4 was not well resolved but still showed clusters consisting mostly of D. pulex alleles and others of D. pulicaria alleles. Incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization may obscure genetic relationships at this locus. This study shows that hybridization and introgression have played an important role in the evolution of this complex.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3212107" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d6cc272bc3943b793b8b7801476e55b4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31085963,"asset_id":3212107,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31085963/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3673734" href="https://uqar.academia.edu/FranceDufresne">France Dufresne</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3673734" type="text/json">{"id":3673734,"first_name":"France","last_name":"Dufresne","domain_name":"uqar","page_name":"FranceDufresne","display_name":"France Dufresne","profile_url":"https://uqar.academia.edu/FranceDufresne?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3673734/1301168/1616480/s65_france.dufresne.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3212107 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3212107"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3212107, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3212107", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3212107 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3212107; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3212107"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3212107 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3212107"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3212107; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3212107]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3212107").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3212107").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3212107"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8536" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hybridization">Hybridization</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8536" type="text/json">{"id":8536,"name":"Hybridization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hybridization?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17590" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia">Daphnia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17590" type="text/json">{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40609" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polyploidy">Polyploidy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="40609" type="text/json">{"id":40609,"name":"Polyploidy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polyploidy?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46119" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Ecology">Molecular Ecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="46119" type="text/json">{"id":46119,"name":"Molecular Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Ecology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3212107]'), work: {"id":3212107,"title":"Reticulate evolution of the Daphnia pulex complex as revealed by nuclear markers","created_at":"2013-04-04T12:14:06.590-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3212107/Reticulate_evolution_of_the_Daphnia_pulex_complex_as_revealed_by_nuclear_markers?f_ri=17590","dom_id":"work_3212107","summary":"The study of species complexes is of particular interest to understand how evolutionary young species maintain genomic integrity. The Daphnia pulex complex has been intensively studied as it includes species that dominate freshwater environments in the Northern hemisphere and as it is the sole North American complex that shows transitions to obligate parthenogenesis. Past studies using mitochondrial markers have revealed the presence of 10 distinct lineages in the complex. This study is the first to examine genetic relationships among seven species of the complex at nuclear markers (nine microsatellite loci and one protein-coding gene). Clones belonging to the seven species of the Daphnia pulex complex were characterized at the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase (ND5) gene and at the Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) locus. K-means, principal coordinate analyses and phylogenetic network analyses on the microsatellite data all separated European D. pulicaria, D. tenebrosa, North American D. pulex, D. pulicaria and their hybrids into distinct clusters. The hybrid cluster was composed of diploid and polyploid hybrids with D. pulex mitochondria and some clones with D. pulicaria mitochondria. By contrast, the phylogeny of the D. pulex complex using Rab4 was not well resolved but still showed clusters consisting mostly of D. pulex alleles and others of D. pulicaria alleles. Incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization may obscure genetic relationships at this locus. This study shows that hybridization and introgression have played an important role in the evolution of this complex.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31085963,"asset_id":3212107,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3673734,"first_name":"France","last_name":"Dufresne","domain_name":"uqar","page_name":"FranceDufresne","display_name":"France Dufresne","profile_url":"https://uqar.academia.edu/FranceDufresne?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3673734/1301168/1616480/s65_france.dufresne.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8536,"name":"Hybridization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hybridization?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":40609,"name":"Polyploidy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polyploidy?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":46119,"name":"Molecular Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Ecology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=17590"},{"id":50157,"name":"Molecular","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular?f_ri=17590"},{"id":54433,"name":"Phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny?f_ri=17590"},{"id":63093,"name":"Mitochondrial DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_DNA?f_ri=17590"},{"id":188356,"name":"Introgression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Introgression?f_ri=17590"},{"id":958887,"name":"Microsatellite DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microsatellite_DNA?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21525593" data-work_id="21525593" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21525593/Acute_and_chronic_toxicity_of_short_chained_perfluoroalkyl_substances_to_Daphnia_magna">Acute and chronic toxicity of short chained perfluoroalkyl substances to Daphnia magna</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The aim of this study was to evaluate the aquatic toxicity of a C4eC6 chemistry based fluoroalkylated polymer and the perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, PFBA, PFHxA and PFOA to Daphnia magna. The acute toxicity decreased with decreasing... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21525593" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The aim of this study was to evaluate the aquatic toxicity of a C4eC6 chemistry based fluoroalkylated polymer and the perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, PFBA, PFHxA and PFOA to Daphnia magna. The acute toxicity decreased with decreasing carbon chain length, but the polymer did not show a dose related effect. In a chronic toxicity test performed with PFHxA, mortality was observed at similar concentrations as in the acute toxicity test, indicating that toxicity did not increase with increasing exposure time. Effects on mortality, reproduction and population growth rate occurred at similar concentrations, indicating no specific effect of PFHxA on sublethal endpoints. C4eC6 chemistry is thus less hazardous to daphnids than C7eC8 chemistry. Yet, these compounds are persistent, hard to remove from the environment and production volumes are increasing.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21525593" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cf6dd1eb7ce466e1d3d9344a1c35ef8c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41986406,"asset_id":21525593,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41986406/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42625308" href="https://uva.academia.edu/PimDeVoogt">Pim De Voogt</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42625308" type="text/json">{"id":42625308,"first_name":"Pim De","last_name":"Voogt","domain_name":"uva","page_name":"PimDeVoogt","display_name":"Pim De Voogt","profile_url":"https://uva.academia.edu/PimDeVoogt?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21525593 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21525593"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21525593, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21525593", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_21525593 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21525593; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_21525593"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_21525593 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21525593"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21525593; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21525593]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21525593").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21525593").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21525593"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4559" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction">Reproduction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4559" type="text/json">{"id":4559,"name":"Reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17590" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia">Daphnia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17590" type="text/json">{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25445" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollution">Environmental Pollution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25445" type="text/json">{"id":25445,"name":"Environmental Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollution?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21525593]'), work: {"id":21525593,"title":"Acute and chronic toxicity of short chained perfluoroalkyl substances to Daphnia magna","created_at":"2016-02-03T14:51:43.787-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21525593/Acute_and_chronic_toxicity_of_short_chained_perfluoroalkyl_substances_to_Daphnia_magna?f_ri=17590","dom_id":"work_21525593","summary":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the aquatic toxicity of a C4eC6 chemistry based fluoroalkylated polymer and the perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, PFBA, PFHxA and PFOA to Daphnia magna. The acute toxicity decreased with decreasing carbon chain length, but the polymer did not show a dose related effect. In a chronic toxicity test performed with PFHxA, mortality was observed at similar concentrations as in the acute toxicity test, indicating that toxicity did not increase with increasing exposure time. Effects on mortality, reproduction and population growth rate occurred at similar concentrations, indicating no specific effect of PFHxA on sublethal endpoints. C4eC6 chemistry is thus less hazardous to daphnids than C7eC8 chemistry. Yet, these compounds are persistent, hard to remove from the environment and production volumes are increasing.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41986406,"asset_id":21525593,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42625308,"first_name":"Pim De","last_name":"Voogt","domain_name":"uva","page_name":"PimDeVoogt","display_name":"Pim De Voogt","profile_url":"https://uva.academia.edu/PimDeVoogt?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4559,"name":"Reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":25445,"name":"Environmental Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollution?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3212106" data-work_id="3212106" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3212106/Plasticity_of_growth_rate_and_metabolism_in_Daphnia_magna_populations_from_different_thermal_habitats">Plasticity of growth rate and metabolism in Daphnia magna populations from different thermal habitats</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature on growth and aerobic metabolism in clones of Daphnia magna from different thermal regimes. Growth rate (increment in size), somatic juvenile growth rate (increment in mass),... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3212106" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature on growth and aerobic metabolism in clones of Daphnia magna from different thermal regimes. Growth rate (increment in size), somatic juvenile growth rate (increment in mass), and oxygen consumption were measured at 15 and 251C in 21 clones from one northern and two southern sites. There were no significant differences in body size and growth rate (increase in length) at both 15 and 251C among the three sites. Clones from southern site 2 had a higher mass increment than clones from the other two sites at both temperatures. Clone had a significant effect on growth (body length) and body size at both temperatures. As expected, age at maturity was lower at 251C (4.5 days) than at 151C, (11.6 days) and body sizes, after the release of the third clutch, were larger at 151C than at 251C. Northern clones had higher oxygen consumption rates and specific dynamic action (SDA) than southern clones at 151C. By contrast, southern clones from site 1 had a higher oxygen consumption and SDA than subarctic clones at 251C. Clones from southern site 2 had high oxygen consumption rates at both temperatures. Our results reveal important differences in metabolic rates among Daphnia from different thermal regimes, which were not always reflected in growth rate differences.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3212106" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="84b6907e6e0f1a3cd5b0b5de28b7b9ba" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31085961,"asset_id":3212106,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31085961/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3673734" href="https://uqar.academia.edu/FranceDufresne">France Dufresne</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3673734" type="text/json">{"id":3673734,"first_name":"France","last_name":"Dufresne","domain_name":"uqar","page_name":"FranceDufresne","display_name":"France Dufresne","profile_url":"https://uqar.academia.edu/FranceDufresne?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3673734/1301168/1616480/s65_france.dufresne.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3212106 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3212106"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3212106, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3212106", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3212106 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3212106; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3212106"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3212106 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3212106"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3212106; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3212106]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3212106").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3212106").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3212106"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17590" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia">Daphnia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17590" type="text/json">{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3212106]'), work: {"id":3212106,"title":"Plasticity of growth rate and metabolism in Daphnia magna populations from different thermal habitats","created_at":"2013-04-04T12:13:59.218-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3212106/Plasticity_of_growth_rate_and_metabolism_in_Daphnia_magna_populations_from_different_thermal_habitats?f_ri=17590","dom_id":"work_3212106","summary":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature on growth and aerobic metabolism in clones of Daphnia magna from different thermal regimes. Growth rate (increment in size), somatic juvenile growth rate (increment in mass), and oxygen consumption were measured at 15 and 251C in 21 clones from one northern and two southern sites. There were no significant differences in body size and growth rate (increase in length) at both 15 and 251C among the three sites. Clones from southern site 2 had a higher mass increment than clones from the other two sites at both temperatures. Clone had a significant effect on growth (body length) and body size at both temperatures. As expected, age at maturity was lower at 251C (4.5 days) than at 151C, (11.6 days) and body sizes, after the release of the third clutch, were larger at 151C than at 251C. Northern clones had higher oxygen consumption rates and specific dynamic action (SDA) than southern clones at 151C. By contrast, southern clones from site 1 had a higher oxygen consumption and SDA than subarctic clones at 251C. Clones from southern site 2 had high oxygen consumption rates at both temperatures. Our results reveal important differences in metabolic rates among Daphnia from different thermal regimes, which were not always reflected in growth rate differences.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31085961,"asset_id":3212106,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3673734,"first_name":"France","last_name":"Dufresne","domain_name":"uqar","page_name":"FranceDufresne","display_name":"France Dufresne","profile_url":"https://uqar.academia.edu/FranceDufresne?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3673734/1301168/1616480/s65_france.dufresne.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":28850,"name":"Linear models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linear_models?f_ri=17590"},{"id":36213,"name":"Energy Metabolism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Metabolism?f_ri=17590"},{"id":102184,"name":"Nebraska","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nebraska?f_ri=17590"},{"id":108567,"name":"Manitoba","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manitoba?f_ri=17590"},{"id":133177,"name":"Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temperature?f_ri=17590"},{"id":164264,"name":"Body Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Size?f_ri=17590"},{"id":296765,"name":"Specific dynamic action","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Specific_dynamic_action?f_ri=17590"},{"id":296766,"name":"Metabolic rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolic_rate?f_ri=17590"},{"id":329844,"name":"Experimental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental?f_ri=17590"},{"id":373754,"name":"Ecosystem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecosystem?f_ri=17590"},{"id":533274,"name":"Growth rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_rate?f_ri=17590"},{"id":616230,"name":"Daphnia Magna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia_Magna?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1193624,"name":"Oxygen Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen_Consumption?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15792464" data-work_id="15792464" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15792464/Toxicity_of_tire_debris_leachates">Toxicity of tire debris leachates</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Data on the indicators of environmental impact of tire debris, originated from the tire abrasion on roads, are extremely scarce, while it is well known that tires may produce deleterious effects. Tire debris contains significant... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15792464" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Data on the indicators of environmental impact of tire debris, originated from the tire abrasion on roads, are extremely scarce, while it is well known that tires may produce deleterious effects. Tire debris contains significant quantities of zinc (Zn) which may be released by tire rubber. We have used tire particles (TD) produced in laboratory from new rubber. Two sets of experiments were set up to obtain eluates. One set used 50 and 100 g/L TD to produce eluates at pH 3-7. The Zn quantity was measured with a Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry. The eluates at 1%,10%,50%,100% concentrations in culture media were tested on Raphidocelis subcapitata, Daphnia magna and Xenopus laevis embryos (FETAX test). The other set of experiments was performed putting 250 mg/L TD in a column with glass beads to control particle dispersion during the elution process. We demonstrate that factors such as pH, size and particles aggregation deeply influence the elution process, that the amount of Zn leached from particles is related to their aggregation rather than their quantity. These results, even though do not reflect the real environmental toxicity of the leachates, can be successfully used for comparative purposes allowing an initial assessment of the potential effect of tire derived particles. D</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15792464" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="50e89929f7875c7c5cb68837f59fca5b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42886174,"asset_id":15792464,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42886174/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34984596" href="https://ulco.academia.edu/MaurizioGualtieri">Maurizio Gualtieri</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34984596" type="text/json">{"id":34984596,"first_name":"Maurizio","last_name":"Gualtieri","domain_name":"ulco","page_name":"MaurizioGualtieri","display_name":"Maurizio Gualtieri","profile_url":"https://ulco.academia.edu/MaurizioGualtieri?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15792464 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15792464"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15792464, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15792464", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_15792464 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15792464; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_15792464"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15792464 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15792464"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15792464; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15792464]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15792464").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15792464").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15792464"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17590" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia">Daphnia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17590" type="text/json">{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="158165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zinc">Zinc</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="158165" type="text/json">{"id":158165,"name":"Zinc","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zinc?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="205584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solubility">Solubility</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="205584" type="text/json">{"id":205584,"name":"Solubility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solubility?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15792464]'), work: {"id":15792464,"title":"Toxicity of tire debris leachates","created_at":"2015-09-17T00:37:31.858-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15792464/Toxicity_of_tire_debris_leachates?f_ri=17590","dom_id":"work_15792464","summary":"Data on the indicators of environmental impact of tire debris, originated from the tire abrasion on roads, are extremely scarce, while it is well known that tires may produce deleterious effects. Tire debris contains significant quantities of zinc (Zn) which may be released by tire rubber. We have used tire particles (TD) produced in laboratory from new rubber. Two sets of experiments were set up to obtain eluates. One set used 50 and 100 g/L TD to produce eluates at pH 3-7. The Zn quantity was measured with a Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry. The eluates at 1%,10%,50%,100% concentrations in culture media were tested on Raphidocelis subcapitata, Daphnia magna and Xenopus laevis embryos (FETAX test). The other set of experiments was performed putting 250 mg/L TD in a column with glass beads to control particle dispersion during the elution process. We demonstrate that factors such as pH, size and particles aggregation deeply influence the elution process, that the amount of Zn leached from particles is related to their aggregation rather than their quantity. These results, even though do not reflect the real environmental toxicity of the leachates, can be successfully used for comparative purposes allowing an initial assessment of the potential effect of tire derived particles. D","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42886174,"asset_id":15792464,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34984596,"first_name":"Maurizio","last_name":"Gualtieri","domain_name":"ulco","page_name":"MaurizioGualtieri","display_name":"Maurizio Gualtieri","profile_url":"https://ulco.academia.edu/MaurizioGualtieri?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":158165,"name":"Zinc","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zinc?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":205584,"name":"Solubility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solubility?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":208460,"name":"Rubber","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rubber?f_ri=17590"},{"id":251651,"name":"Environmental Impact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Impact?f_ri=17590"},{"id":390245,"name":"Particle Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Particle_Size?f_ri=17590"},{"id":477264,"name":"Xenopus laevis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xenopus_laevis?f_ri=17590"},{"id":605600,"name":"Refuse disposal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refuse_disposal?f_ri=17590"},{"id":616230,"name":"Daphnia Magna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia_Magna?f_ri=17590"},{"id":666927,"name":"Toxicity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity_Tests?f_ri=17590"},{"id":957359,"name":"Culture Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture_Media?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1014763,"name":"Chlorophyta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chlorophyta?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1027717,"name":"Embryos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Embryos?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1137254,"name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen-Ion_Concentration?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1208706,"name":"Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1636293,"name":"Motor vehicles act","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motor_vehicles_act?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49450810" data-work_id="49450810" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49450810/Assessment_of_the_toxicity_of_a_pesticide_with_a_two_generation_reproduction_test_using_Daphnia_magna">Assessment of the toxicity of a pesticide with a two-generation reproduction test using Daphnia magna</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Daphnia magna (F0 generation) were exposed during 21 days to different diazinon concentrations. Offspring (animals from the first and third brood: F1 (1st) and F1 (3rd), respectively) were transferred to a free pesticide medium during a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49450810" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Daphnia magna (F0 generation) were exposed during 21 days to different diazinon concentrations. Offspring (animals from the first and third brood: F1 (1st) and F1 (3rd), respectively) were transferred to a free pesticide medium during a 21-day recovery period. The algae Nannochloris oculata (5x10(5) cells/ml) were used as food. In this recovery study, survival, growth and reproduction (mean total young per female, mean brood size, onset of reproduction and mean number broods per female) were assessed as individual parameters, and the intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) as population parameter for F1 (1st and 3rd broods) daphnids. Reproduction as well as survival was still reduced in F1 (1st) generation daphnids from parentals (F0) exposed to the highest diazinon concentration. However, F1 (1st) and F1 (3rd) individuals from parentals exposed to pesticide concentrations below 0.5 ng/l were able to restore reproduction and survival when a recovery period of 21 days was allowed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49450810" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="92e34af6b2e1792f9a290183eb0535a4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67799540,"asset_id":49450810,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67799540/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="197630976" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EnriqueMoliner">Enrique Moliner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="197630976" type="text/json">{"id":197630976,"first_name":"Enrique","last_name":"Moliner","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EnriqueMoliner","display_name":"Enrique Moliner","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EnriqueMoliner?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/197630976/59685119/47934029/s65_enrique.moliner.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49450810 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49450810"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49450810, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49450810", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49450810 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49450810; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49450810"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49450810 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49450810"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49450810; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49450810]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49450810").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49450810").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49450810"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4559" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction">Reproduction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4559" type="text/json">{"id":4559,"name":"Reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17590" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia">Daphnia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17590" type="text/json">{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52972" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insecticides">Insecticides</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="52972" type="text/json">{"id":52972,"name":"Insecticides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insecticides?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="616230" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia_Magna">Daphnia Magna</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="616230" type="text/json">{"id":616230,"name":"Daphnia Magna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia_Magna?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49450810]'), work: {"id":49450810,"title":"Assessment of the toxicity of a pesticide with a two-generation reproduction test using Daphnia magna","created_at":"2021-06-29T02:26:16.535-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49450810/Assessment_of_the_toxicity_of_a_pesticide_with_a_two_generation_reproduction_test_using_Daphnia_magna?f_ri=17590","dom_id":"work_49450810","summary":"Daphnia magna (F0 generation) were exposed during 21 days to different diazinon concentrations. Offspring (animals from the first and third brood: F1 (1st) and F1 (3rd), respectively) were transferred to a free pesticide medium during a 21-day recovery period. The algae Nannochloris oculata (5x10(5) cells/ml) were used as food. In this recovery study, survival, growth and reproduction (mean total young per female, mean brood size, onset of reproduction and mean number broods per female) were assessed as individual parameters, and the intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) as population parameter for F1 (1st and 3rd broods) daphnids. Reproduction as well as survival was still reduced in F1 (1st) generation daphnids from parentals (F0) exposed to the highest diazinon concentration. However, F1 (1st) and F1 (3rd) individuals from parentals exposed to pesticide concentrations below 0.5 ng/l were able to restore reproduction and survival when a recovery period of 21 days was allowed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67799540,"asset_id":49450810,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":197630976,"first_name":"Enrique","last_name":"Moliner","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EnriqueMoliner","display_name":"Enrique Moliner","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EnriqueMoliner?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/197630976/59685119/47934029/s65_enrique.moliner.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4559,"name":"Reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":52972,"name":"Insecticides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insecticides?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":616230,"name":"Daphnia Magna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia_Magna?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":666927,"name":"Toxicity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity_Tests?f_ri=17590"},{"id":816566,"name":"Diazinon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diazinon?f_ri=17590"},{"id":957359,"name":"Culture Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture_Media?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34491092 coauthored" data-work_id="34491092" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34491092/Toxicity_to_Daphnia_magna_and_Vibrio_fischeri_of_Kraft_bleach_plant_effluents_treated_by_catalytic_wet_air_oxidation">Toxicity to Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri of Kraft bleach plant effluents treated by catalytic wet-air oxidation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Two Kraft-pulp bleaching effluents from a sequence of treatments which include chlorine dioxide and caustic soda were treated by catalytic wet-air oxidation (CWAO) at T=463 K in trickle-bed and batch-recycle reactors packed with either... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34491092" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Two Kraft-pulp bleaching effluents from a sequence of treatments which include chlorine dioxide and caustic soda were treated by catalytic wet-air oxidation (CWAO) at T=463 K in trickle-bed and batch-recycle reactors packed with either TiO2 extrudates or Ru(3 wt%)/TiO2 catalyst. Chemical analyses (TOC removal, color, HPLC) and bioassays (48-h and 30-min acute toxicity tests using Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri, respectively) were used to get information about the toxicity impact of the starting effluents and of the treated solutions. Under the operating conditions, complex organic compounds are mostly oxidized into carbon dioxide and water, along with short-chain carboxylic acids. Bioassays were found as a complement to chemical analyses for ensuring the toxicological impact on the ecosystem. In spite of a large decrease of TOC, the solutions of end products were all more toxic to Daphnia magna than the starting effluents by factors ranging from 2 to 33. This observation is attri...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34491092" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1ce3e560298d723b2c55537672b2668d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54358239,"asset_id":34491092,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54358239/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="68362744" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MicheleBesson">Michèle Besson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="68362744" type="text/json">{"id":68362744,"first_name":"Michèle","last_name":"Besson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MicheleBesson","display_name":"Michèle Besson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MicheleBesson?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-34491092">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-34491092"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlbinPintar">Albin Pintar</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-34491092'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-34491092').html(); 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Chemical analyses (TOC removal, color, HPLC) and bioassays (48-h and 30-min acute toxicity tests using Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri, respectively) were used to get information about the toxicity impact of the starting effluents and of the treated solutions. Under the operating conditions, complex organic compounds are mostly oxidized into carbon dioxide and water, along with short-chain carboxylic acids. Bioassays were found as a complement to chemical analyses for ensuring the toxicological impact on the ecosystem. In spite of a large decrease of TOC, the solutions of end products were all more toxic to Daphnia magna than the starting effluents by factors ranging from 2 to 33. 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class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/846776/Effects_of_binary_mixtures_on_the_life_traits_of_Daphnia_magna">Effects of binary mixtures on the life traits of Daphnia magna</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The environment is constantly exposed to a cocktail of contaminants mainly due to human activities. Because polluted ecosystems are characterized by an amalgam of chemical compounds, the objective of the present study was to assess the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_846776" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The environment is constantly exposed to a cocktail of contaminants mainly due to human activities. Because polluted ecosystems are characterized by an amalgam of chemical compounds, the objective of the present study was to assess the joint effect of chemical mixtures to the life-history traits of Daphnia magna Straus. For that a binary mixture of two neonicotinoid insecticides, imidacloprid and thiacloprid, and another one of imidacloprid with nickel chloride were tested. Theoretical models have been developed and applied in studies with chemical mixtures, predicting toxicity based on their modes of action: concentration addition (CA) and independent joint action (IA) models. Still there are cases where deviations are observed (e.g. synergistic or antagonistic behaviors, dose ratio or level dependency). In this study, the effects of the individual compounds and their mixtures were studied in a chronic test where reproduction, survival and body length were evaluated in D. magna. Regarding single compound effects, it was observed that the most toxic was nickel chloride followed by thiacloprid and imidacloprid. For the mixture exposure of imidacloprid and thiacloprid, a synergistic pattern was observed in the sublethal doses used for the number of neonates produced, while for the body length the best fit was shown with the CA model. In the mixture exposure of imidacloprid and nickel, no deviation from the IA was observed for the neonate production data; for the body length parameter, a synergistic pattern was observed in low doses of the chemicals while an antagonistic pattern was observed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/846776" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d8e7b5edfa71785166821a9b0b7fb5d2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34746254,"asset_id":846776,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34746254/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="678308" href="https://aveiro.academia.edu/MariaPavlaki">Maria Pavlaki</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="678308" type="text/json">{"id":678308,"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Pavlaki","domain_name":"aveiro","page_name":"MariaPavlaki","display_name":"Maria Pavlaki","profile_url":"https://aveiro.academia.edu/MariaPavlaki?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/678308/236680/19976645/s65_maria.pavlaki.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-846776">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-846776"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://aveiro.academia.edu/SusanaLoureiro">Susana Loureiro</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-846776'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-846776').html(); 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Because polluted ecosystems are characterized by an amalgam of chemical compounds, the objective of the present study was to assess the joint effect of chemical mixtures to the life-history traits of Daphnia magna Straus. For that a binary mixture of two neonicotinoid insecticides, imidacloprid and thiacloprid, and another one of imidacloprid with nickel chloride were tested. Theoretical models have been developed and applied in studies with chemical mixtures, predicting toxicity based on their modes of action: concentration addition (CA) and independent joint action (IA) models. Still there are cases where deviations are observed (e.g. synergistic or antagonistic behaviors, dose ratio or level dependency). In this study, the effects of the individual compounds and their mixtures were studied in a chronic test where reproduction, survival and body length were evaluated in D. magna. Regarding single compound effects, it was observed that the most toxic was nickel chloride followed by thiacloprid and imidacloprid. For the mixture exposure of imidacloprid and thiacloprid, a synergistic pattern was observed in the sublethal doses used for the number of neonates produced, while for the body length the best fit was shown with the CA model. In the mixture exposure of imidacloprid and nickel, no deviation from the IA was observed for the neonate production data; for the body length parameter, a synergistic pattern was observed in low doses of the chemicals while an antagonistic pattern was observed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34746254,"asset_id":846776,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":678308,"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Pavlaki","domain_name":"aveiro","page_name":"MariaPavlaki","display_name":"Maria Pavlaki","profile_url":"https://aveiro.academia.edu/MariaPavlaki?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/678308/236680/19976645/s65_maria.pavlaki.jpg"},{"id":324715,"first_name":"Susana","last_name":"Loureiro","domain_name":"aveiro","page_name":"SusanaLoureiro","display_name":"Susana Loureiro","profile_url":"https://aveiro.academia.edu/SusanaLoureiro?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/324715/289234/1264248/s65_susana.loureiro.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4559,"name":"Reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":10610,"name":"Survival Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survival_Analysis?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":50926,"name":"Joint Action","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Joint_Action?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":52972,"name":"Insecticides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insecticides?f_ri=17590"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=17590"},{"id":72821,"name":"Low Dose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_Dose?f_ri=17590"},{"id":164264,"name":"Body Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Size?f_ri=17590"},{"id":194828,"name":"Nickel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nickel?f_ri=17590"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=17590"},{"id":331187,"name":"Mode of action","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mode_of_action?f_ri=17590"},{"id":352183,"name":"Mixtures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mixtures?f_ri=17590"},{"id":490260,"name":"Pyridines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pyridines?f_ri=17590"},{"id":509556,"name":"Human Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Activity?f_ri=17590"},{"id":581688,"name":"Environmental Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Safety?f_ri=17590"},{"id":616230,"name":"Daphnia Magna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia_Magna?f_ri=17590"},{"id":801409,"name":"Imidazoles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imidazoles?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1154248,"name":"Theoretical Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Model?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1349227,"name":"Thiazines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thiazines?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14645795 coauthored" data-work_id="14645795" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14645795/THE_ECOLOGICAL_NICHE_OF_DAPHNIA_MAGNA_CHARACTERIZED_USING_POPULATION_GROWTH_RATE">THE ECOLOGICAL NICHE OF DAPHNIA MAGNA CHARACTERIZED USING POPULATION GROWTH RATE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The concept of an organism's niche is central to ecological theory, but an operational definition is needed that allows both its experimental delineation and interpretation of field distributions of the species. Here we use population... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14645795" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The concept of an organism's niche is central to ecological theory, but an operational definition is needed that allows both its experimental delineation and interpretation of field distributions of the species. Here we use population growth rate (hereafter, pgr) to define the niche as the set of points in niche space where pgr . 0. If there are just two axes to the niche space, their relationship to pgr can be pictured as a contour map in which pgr varies along the axes in the same way that the height of land above sea level varies with latitude and longitude. In laboratory experiments we measured the pgr of Daphnia magna over a grid of values of pH and Ca 2þ , and so defined its ''laboratory niche'' in pH-Ca 2þ space. The position of the laboratory niche boundary suggests that population persistence is only possible above 0.5 mg Ca 2þ /L and between pH 5.75 and pH 9, though more Ca 2þ is needed at lower pH values. To see how well the measured niche predicts the field distribution of D. magna, we examined relevant field data from 422 sites in England and Wales. Of the 58 colonized water bodies, 56 lay within the laboratory niche. Very few of the sites near the niche boundary were colonized, probably because pgr there is so low that populations are vulnerable to extinction by other factors. Our study shows how the niche can be quantified and used to predict field distributions successfully.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14645795" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="977a9b0b775e8a2b88df1569f4f989b2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44010281,"asset_id":14645795,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44010281/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33597139" href="https://reading.academia.edu/RichardSibly">Richard Sibly</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33597139" type="text/json">{"id":33597139,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Sibly","domain_name":"reading","page_name":"RichardSibly","display_name":"Richard Sibly","profile_url":"https://reading.academia.edu/RichardSibly?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-14645795">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-14645795"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/RichardConnon">Richard Connon</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-14645795'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-14645795').html(); 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Here we use population growth rate (hereafter, pgr) to define the niche as the set of points in niche space where pgr . 0. If there are just two axes to the niche space, their relationship to pgr can be pictured as a contour map in which pgr varies along the axes in the same way that the height of land above sea level varies with latitude and longitude. In laboratory experiments we measured the pgr of Daphnia magna over a grid of values of pH and Ca 2þ , and so defined its ''laboratory niche'' in pH-Ca 2þ space. The position of the laboratory niche boundary suggests that population persistence is only possible above 0.5 mg Ca 2þ /L and between pH 5.75 and pH 9, though more Ca 2þ is needed at lower pH values. To see how well the measured niche predicts the field distribution of D. magna, we examined relevant field data from 422 sites in England and Wales. Of the 58 colonized water bodies, 56 lay within the laboratory niche. Very few of the sites near the niche boundary were colonized, probably because pgr there is so low that populations are vulnerable to extinction by other factors. Our study shows how the niche can be quantified and used to predict field distributions successfully.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44010281,"asset_id":14645795,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33597139,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Sibly","domain_name":"reading","page_name":"RichardSibly","display_name":"Richard Sibly","profile_url":"https://reading.academia.edu/RichardSibly?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":36369390,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Connon","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RichardConnon","display_name":"Richard Connon","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RichardConnon?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":9534,"name":"Calcium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calcium?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":19652,"name":"Ecological Niche Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Niche_Modeling?f_ri=17590"},{"id":69015,"name":"England and Wales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England_and_Wales?f_ri=17590"},{"id":131994,"name":"Laboratory experiment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laboratory_experiment?f_ri=17590"},{"id":187908,"name":"Population Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Growth?f_ri=17590"},{"id":373754,"name":"Ecosystem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecosystem?f_ri=17590"},{"id":616230,"name":"Daphnia Magna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia_Magna?f_ri=17590"},{"id":843856,"name":"Ecological Applications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Applications?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1127663,"name":"Field Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Field_Data?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1137254,"name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen-Ion_Concentration?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1329171,"name":"Population Persistence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Persistence?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3249248" data-work_id="3249248" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3249248/The_ecotoxicity_and_the_biodegradability_of_lactic_acid_alkyl_lactate_esters_and_lactate_salts">The ecotoxicity and the biodegradability of lactic acid, alkyl lactate esters and lactate salts</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The ecotoxicity of lactic acid, its alkyl esters and selected metal salts was studied experimentally with the micro alga Selenastrum capricornutum, the crustacean Daphnia magna and the fish species Brachydanio rerio and Pimephales... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3249248" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The ecotoxicity of lactic acid, its alkyl esters and selected metal salts was studied experimentally with the micro alga Selenastrum capricornutum, the crustacean Daphnia magna and the fish species Brachydanio rerio and Pimephales promelas. In addition, the biodegradation of lactate esters was also studied. The aim of the study was to provide predicted environmental data for additional alkyl homologues and metal salts. The ecotoxicity data are evaluated by means of Structure Activity Relations (SAR), using literature data on a nonpolar narcotic mechanism of toxicity as a baseline for comparison. Lactate salts were evaluated by comparison to the toxicity of the metal ion. For the fish and D. magna, it was evident that methyl, ethyl, propyl and to a lesser extent butyl lactate were slightly more toxic in comparison to baseline non-polar narcotic toxicity data. The toxicity tests carried out with lactate-salts demonstrated clearly that the toxicity in standard tests is only determined by the associated cation and not by the lactate part.Lactic acid and its alkyl esters were degraded for more than 60% in the ready biodegradability tests and from the data presented, it is evident that the majority of alkyl lactates are readily biodegradable.The results presented in this study indicate that alkyl lactate esters show some differences in their ecotoxicity when compared to non polar narcotic compounds in but that these differences are generally small. When aquatic toxicity is considered together with their rapid tendency to biodegrade, it is concluded that lactate esters show generally favourable environmental characteristics.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3249248" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3cbfa48bac2d6045ed2e725d55cfc345" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50390660,"asset_id":3249248,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50390660/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2738479" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NellyvanderHoeven">Nelly van der Hoeven</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2738479" type="text/json">{"id":2738479,"first_name":"Nelly","last_name":"van der Hoeven","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NellyvanderHoeven","display_name":"Nelly van der Hoeven","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NellyvanderHoeven?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3249248 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3249248"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3249248, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3249248", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3249248]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3249248").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3249248").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3249248"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9846" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9846" type="text/json">{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17590" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia">Daphnia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17590" type="text/json">{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="373754" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecosystem">Ecosystem</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="373754" type="text/json">{"id":373754,"name":"Ecosystem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecosystem?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3249248]'), work: {"id":3249248,"title":"The ecotoxicity and the biodegradability of lactic acid, alkyl lactate esters and lactate salts","created_at":"2013-04-08T23:14:52.588-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3249248/The_ecotoxicity_and_the_biodegradability_of_lactic_acid_alkyl_lactate_esters_and_lactate_salts?f_ri=17590","dom_id":"work_3249248","summary":"The ecotoxicity of lactic acid, its alkyl esters and selected metal salts was studied experimentally with the micro alga Selenastrum capricornutum, the crustacean Daphnia magna and the fish species Brachydanio rerio and Pimephales promelas. In addition, the biodegradation of lactate esters was also studied. The aim of the study was to provide predicted environmental data for additional alkyl homologues and metal salts. The ecotoxicity data are evaluated by means of Structure Activity Relations (SAR), using literature data on a nonpolar narcotic mechanism of toxicity as a baseline for comparison. Lactate salts were evaluated by comparison to the toxicity of the metal ion. For the fish and D. magna, it was evident that methyl, ethyl, propyl and to a lesser extent butyl lactate were slightly more toxic in comparison to baseline non-polar narcotic toxicity data. The toxicity tests carried out with lactate-salts demonstrated clearly that the toxicity in standard tests is only determined by the associated cation and not by the lactate part.Lactic acid and its alkyl esters were degraded for more than 60% in the ready biodegradability tests and from the data presented, it is evident that the majority of alkyl lactates are readily biodegradable.The results presented in this study indicate that alkyl lactate esters show some differences in their ecotoxicity when compared to non polar narcotic compounds in but that these differences are generally small. When aquatic toxicity is considered together with their rapid tendency to biodegrade, it is concluded that lactate esters show generally favourable environmental characteristics.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50390660,"asset_id":3249248,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2738479,"first_name":"Nelly","last_name":"van der Hoeven","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NellyvanderHoeven","display_name":"Nelly van der Hoeven","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NellyvanderHoeven?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":373754,"name":"Ecosystem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecosystem?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":590943,"name":"Metal ion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metal_ion?f_ri=17590"},{"id":598117,"name":"Zebrafish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zebrafish?f_ri=17590"},{"id":616230,"name":"Daphnia Magna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia_Magna?f_ri=17590"},{"id":967839,"name":"Structure activity Relationship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structure_activity_Relationship?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1014763,"name":"Chlorophyta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chlorophyta?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1074508,"name":"Lactic Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactic_Acid?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1121353,"name":"Esters","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Esters?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1630999,"name":"Toxicity Testing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity_Testing?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12684406 coauthored" data-work_id="12684406" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12684406/Removal_of_pharmaceuticals_during_wastewater_treatment_and_environmental_risk_assessment_using_hazard_indexes">Removal of pharmaceuticals during wastewater treatment and environmental risk assessment using hazard indexes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In a long term study, which covered 4 sampling periods over three years, a total number of 84 samples, specifically 28 influent, effluent, from seven WWTP located in the main cities along the Ebro river Basin (North East of Spain), as... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12684406" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In a long term study, which covered 4 sampling periods over three years, a total number of 84 samples, specifically 28 influent, effluent, from seven WWTP located in the main cities along the Ebro river Basin (North East of Spain), as well as receiving river waters, were analyzed to assess the occurrence of 73 pharmaceuticals covering several medicinal classes. Results indicated that pharmaceuticals are widespread pollutants in the aquatic environmental. Linking the calculation of removal rates with half-lives, assuming that compound degradation followed pseudo-first order kinetics, suggested that conventional wastewater treatments applied at the seven WWTP were unable to completely remove most of the pharmaceuticals under study. The evaluation of compound degradability, in terms of half-lives, is an important task to discuss integrated solutions for mitigation of pollutants entry into the water cycle. High half-lives observed for the majority of pharmaceuticals in WWTP suggest that, in order to enhance compound degradation, higher hydraulic retention times should be required. The wide spectrum of substances detected in receiving river waters indicates that WWTP outlets are major contributors of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. However, municipal wastewater treatment represents an obligatory and final treatment step prior to their release into the aquatic media, since load of pharmaceuticals in outlets were considerably reduced after treatment. Finally, hazard posed by pharmaceuticals in both surface and effluent wastewaters was assessed toward different aquatic organisms, (algae, daphnids and fish). The overall relative order of susceptibility was estimated to be algae > daphnia > fish. Results indicate that no significant risks could be associated to the presence of pharmaceuticals in those matrices, indicating that reduction of compound concentration after wastewater treatment as well as dilution factor once pharmaceuticals are discharged in receiving river water efficiently mitigate possible environmental hazards.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12684406" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="11b3b4a822914795f3fafa6bb7d4998f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46009011,"asset_id":12684406,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46009011/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31694384" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MeritxellGros">Meritxell Gros</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31694384" type="text/json">{"id":31694384,"first_name":"Meritxell","last_name":"Gros","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MeritxellGros","display_name":"Meritxell Gros","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MeritxellGros?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-12684406">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-12684406"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AntoniGinebreda">Antoni Ginebreda</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-12684406'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-12684406').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12684406 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12684406"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12684406, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12684406", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12684406 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12684406; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12684406"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12684406 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12684406"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12684406; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12684406]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12684406").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12684406").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12684406"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">31</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4552" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecotoxicology">Ecotoxicology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4552" type="text/json">{"id":4552,"name":"Ecotoxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecotoxicology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4987" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics">Kinetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4987" type="text/json">{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9043" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance">Performance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9043" type="text/json">{"id":9043,"name":"Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9991" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wastewater_Treatment">Wastewater Treatment</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9991" type="text/json">{"id":9991,"name":"Wastewater Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wastewater_Treatment?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12684406]'), work: {"id":12684406,"title":"Removal of pharmaceuticals during wastewater treatment and environmental risk assessment using hazard indexes","created_at":"2015-05-30T05:30:19.016-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12684406/Removal_of_pharmaceuticals_during_wastewater_treatment_and_environmental_risk_assessment_using_hazard_indexes?f_ri=17590","dom_id":"work_12684406","summary":"In a long term study, which covered 4 sampling periods over three years, a total number of 84 samples, specifically 28 influent, effluent, from seven WWTP located in the main cities along the Ebro river Basin (North East of Spain), as well as receiving river waters, were analyzed to assess the occurrence of 73 pharmaceuticals covering several medicinal classes. Results indicated that pharmaceuticals are widespread pollutants in the aquatic environmental. Linking the calculation of removal rates with half-lives, assuming that compound degradation followed pseudo-first order kinetics, suggested that conventional wastewater treatments applied at the seven WWTP were unable to completely remove most of the pharmaceuticals under study. The evaluation of compound degradability, in terms of half-lives, is an important task to discuss integrated solutions for mitigation of pollutants entry into the water cycle. High half-lives observed for the majority of pharmaceuticals in WWTP suggest that, in order to enhance compound degradation, higher hydraulic retention times should be required. The wide spectrum of substances detected in receiving river waters indicates that WWTP outlets are major contributors of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. However, municipal wastewater treatment represents an obligatory and final treatment step prior to their release into the aquatic media, since load of pharmaceuticals in outlets were considerably reduced after treatment. Finally, hazard posed by pharmaceuticals in both surface and effluent wastewaters was assessed toward different aquatic organisms, (algae, daphnids and fish). The overall relative order of susceptibility was estimated to be algae \u003e daphnia \u003e fish. Results indicate that no significant risks could be associated to the presence of pharmaceuticals in those matrices, indicating that reduction of compound concentration after wastewater treatment as well as dilution factor once pharmaceuticals are discharged in receiving river water efficiently mitigate possible environmental hazards.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46009011,"asset_id":12684406,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31694384,"first_name":"Meritxell","last_name":"Gros","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MeritxellGros","display_name":"Meritxell Gros","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MeritxellGros?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":31753449,"first_name":"Antoni","last_name":"Ginebreda","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AntoniGinebreda","display_name":"Antoni Ginebreda","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AntoniGinebreda?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4552,"name":"Ecotoxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecotoxicology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":9043,"name":"Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":9991,"name":"Wastewater Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wastewater_Treatment?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=17590"},{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=17590"},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590"},{"id":21724,"name":"Water Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution?f_ri=17590"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=17590"},{"id":48210,"name":"Water Cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Cycle?f_ri=17590"},{"id":54650,"name":"Pharmaceuticals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceuticals?f_ri=17590"},{"id":67405,"name":"Toxicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity?f_ri=17590"},{"id":85993,"name":"River water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/River_water?f_ri=17590"},{"id":88279,"name":"Environmental Hazards","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Hazards?f_ri=17590"},{"id":117270,"name":"Fishes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fishes?f_ri=17590"},{"id":142810,"name":"Surface Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surface_Water?f_ri=17590"},{"id":181847,"name":"First-Order Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First-Order_Logic?f_ri=17590"},{"id":291498,"name":"River Basin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/River_Basin?f_ri=17590"},{"id":319330,"name":"Environmental Risk Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Risk_Assessment?f_ri=17590"},{"id":321836,"name":"Spectrum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spectrum?f_ri=17590"},{"id":439435,"name":"Fresh water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fresh_water?f_ri=17590"},{"id":562100,"name":"North East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_East?f_ri=17590"},{"id":602119,"name":"Effluent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Effluent?f_ri=17590"},{"id":622589,"name":"Risk Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Assessment-2?f_ri=17590"},{"id":666927,"name":"Toxicity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity_Tests?f_ri=17590"},{"id":720949,"name":"Sewage Treatment Plant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sewage_Treatment_Plant?f_ri=17590"},{"id":747455,"name":"Hydraulic Retention Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydraulic_Retention_Time?f_ri=17590"},{"id":749302,"name":"Indexation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indexation?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1208706,"name":"Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1271415,"name":"Long Term Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Term_Study?f_ri=17590"},{"id":2380004,"name":"Pharmaceutical preparations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_preparations?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36151886" data-work_id="36151886" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36151886/The_aquatic_toxicity_of_anionic_surfactants_to_Daphnia_magna_A_comparative_QSAR_study_of_linear_alkylbenzene_sulphonates_and_ester_sulphonates">The aquatic toxicity of anionic surfactants to Daphnia magna—A comparative QSAR study of linear alkylbenzene sulphonates and ester sulphonates</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper develops quantitative structure activity relationships (QSARs) for the acute aquatic toxicity of the anionic surfactants linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS) and ester sulphonates (ES) to Daphnia magna, the aim being to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36151886" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper develops quantitative structure activity relationships (QSARs) for the acute aquatic toxicity of the anionic surfactants linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS) and ester sulphonates (ES) to Daphnia magna, the aim being to investigate the modes of action by comparing the QSARs for the two types of surfactant. The generated data for ES have been used to develop a QSAR correlating toxicity with calculated log P values: log(1/EC50) = 0.78 log P + 1.37. This equation has an intercept 1.1 log units lower than a QSAR for linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS). The findings suggest that either ES surfactants act by a different mode of action to LAS and other anionic surfactants or the log P calculation method introduces a systematic overestimate when applied to ES.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36151886" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3cdb112ac03f2aa42883c95007c8b8f3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56044236,"asset_id":36151886,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56044236/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33203995" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DeardenJohn">John Dearden</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33203995" type="text/json">{"id":33203995,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Dearden","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DeardenJohn","display_name":"John Dearden","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DeardenJohn?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36151886 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36151886"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36151886, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36151886", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36151886]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36151886").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36151886").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36151886"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4552" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecotoxicology">Ecotoxicology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4552" type="text/json">{"id":4552,"name":"Ecotoxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecotoxicology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7049" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crustacea">Crustacea</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7049" type="text/json">{"id":7049,"name":"Crustacea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crustacea?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17590" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia">Daphnia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17590" type="text/json">{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36151886]'), work: {"id":36151886,"title":"The aquatic toxicity of anionic surfactants to Daphnia magna—A comparative QSAR study of linear alkylbenzene sulphonates and ester sulphonates","created_at":"2018-03-13T06:45:18.697-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36151886/The_aquatic_toxicity_of_anionic_surfactants_to_Daphnia_magna_A_comparative_QSAR_study_of_linear_alkylbenzene_sulphonates_and_ester_sulphonates?f_ri=17590","dom_id":"work_36151886","summary":"This paper develops quantitative structure activity relationships (QSARs) for the acute aquatic toxicity of the anionic surfactants linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS) and ester sulphonates (ES) to Daphnia magna, the aim being to investigate the modes of action by comparing the QSARs for the two types of surfactant. The generated data for ES have been used to develop a QSAR correlating toxicity with calculated log P values: log(1/EC50) = 0.78 log P + 1.37. This equation has an intercept 1.1 log units lower than a QSAR for linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS). The findings suggest that either ES surfactants act by a different mode of action to LAS and other anionic surfactants or the log P calculation method introduces a systematic overestimate when applied to ES.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56044236,"asset_id":36151886,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33203995,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Dearden","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DeardenJohn","display_name":"John Dearden","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DeardenJohn?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4552,"name":"Ecotoxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecotoxicology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":7049,"name":"Crustacea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crustacea?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=17590"},{"id":67405,"name":"Toxicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity?f_ri=17590"},{"id":70047,"name":"Micelles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Micelles?f_ri=17590"},{"id":157521,"name":"Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantitative_Structure_Activity_Relationship?f_ri=17590"},{"id":263252,"name":"Anions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anions?f_ri=17590"},{"id":331187,"name":"Mode of action","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mode_of_action?f_ri=17590"},{"id":564340,"name":"Surface Active Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surface_Active_Agents?f_ri=17590"},{"id":967062,"name":"Aquatic Toxicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquatic_Toxicity?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1030794,"name":"Hydrolysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrolysis?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1121353,"name":"Esters","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Esters?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25457169" data-work_id="25457169" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25457169/The_importance_of_outlier_detection_and_training_set_selection_for_reliable_environmental_QSAR_predictions">The importance of outlier detection and training set selection for reliable environmental QSAR predictions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Empirical QSAR models are only valid in the domain they were trained and validated. Application of the model to substances outside the domain of the model can lead to grossly erroneous predictions. Partial least squares (PLS) regression... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25457169" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Empirical QSAR models are only valid in the domain they were trained and validated. Application of the model to substances outside the domain of the model can lead to grossly erroneous predictions. Partial least squares (PLS) regression provides tools for prediction diagnostics that can be used to decide whether or not a substance is within the model domain, i.e. if the model prediction can be trusted. QSAR models for four different environmental end-points are used to demonstrate the importance of appropriate training set selection and how the reliability of QSAR predictions can be increased by outlier diagnostics. All models showed consistent results; test set prediction errors were very similar in magnitude to training set estimation errors when prediction outlier diagnostics were used to detect and remove outliers in the prediction data. Test set prediction errors for substances classified as outliers were much larger. The difference in the number of outliers between models with a randomly and systematically selected training illustrates well the need of representative training data.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25457169" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="19cb4f7314d1496ce2adc5ca2c65ff24" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45774618,"asset_id":25457169,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45774618/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="48960381" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MagnusRahmberg">Magnus Rahmberg</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="48960381" type="text/json">{"id":48960381,"first_name":"Magnus","last_name":"Rahmberg","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MagnusRahmberg","display_name":"Magnus Rahmberg","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MagnusRahmberg?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25457169 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25457169"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25457169, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25457169", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25457169]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25457169").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25457169").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25457169"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7049" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crustacea">Crustacea</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7049" type="text/json">{"id":7049,"name":"Crustacea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crustacea?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16664" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment">Risk assessment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16664" type="text/json">{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17590" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia">Daphnia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17590" type="text/json">{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25457169]'), work: {"id":25457169,"title":"The importance of outlier detection and training set selection for reliable environmental QSAR predictions","created_at":"2016-05-19T06:40:38.523-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25457169/The_importance_of_outlier_detection_and_training_set_selection_for_reliable_environmental_QSAR_predictions?f_ri=17590","dom_id":"work_25457169","summary":"Empirical QSAR models are only valid in the domain they were trained and validated. Application of the model to substances outside the domain of the model can lead to grossly erroneous predictions. Partial least squares (PLS) regression provides tools for prediction diagnostics that can be used to decide whether or not a substance is within the model domain, i.e. if the model prediction can be trusted. QSAR models for four different environmental end-points are used to demonstrate the importance of appropriate training set selection and how the reliability of QSAR predictions can be increased by outlier diagnostics. All models showed consistent results; test set prediction errors were very similar in magnitude to training set estimation errors when prediction outlier diagnostics were used to detect and remove outliers in the prediction data. Test set prediction errors for substances classified as outliers were much larger. The difference in the number of outliers between models with a randomly and systematically selected training illustrates well the need of representative training data.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45774618,"asset_id":25457169,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":48960381,"first_name":"Magnus","last_name":"Rahmberg","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MagnusRahmberg","display_name":"Magnus Rahmberg","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MagnusRahmberg?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7049,"name":"Crustacea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crustacea?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=17590"},{"id":65140,"name":"Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Models?f_ri=17590"},{"id":117270,"name":"Fishes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fishes?f_ri=17590"},{"id":123230,"name":"Regression Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regression_Analysis?f_ri=17590"},{"id":131096,"name":"Outlier detection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Outlier_detection?f_ri=17590"},{"id":157521,"name":"Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantitative_Structure_Activity_Relationship?f_ri=17590"},{"id":164863,"name":"Prediction error","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prediction_error?f_ri=17590"},{"id":616230,"name":"Daphnia Magna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia_Magna?f_ri=17590"},{"id":622589,"name":"Risk Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Assessment-2?f_ri=17590"},{"id":736321,"name":"Environmental Pollutants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollutants?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1014763,"name":"Chlorophyta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chlorophyta?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1208706,"name":"Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1343804,"name":"Partial Least Square","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Partial_Least_Square?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 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data-has-card-for-user="7927756" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JosephFISCHER">Joseph FISCHER</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7927756" type="text/json">{"id":7927756,"first_name":"Joseph","last_name":"FISCHER","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JosephFISCHER","display_name":"Joseph FISCHER","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JosephFISCHER?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5570641 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5570641"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5570641, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5570641", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5570641 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x 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$(".js-view-count-work_5570641").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5570641").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5570641"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4553" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicology">Toxicology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4553" type="text/json">{"id":4553,"name":"Toxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9990" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Treatment">Water Treatment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9990" type="text/json">{"id":9990,"name":"Water Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Treatment?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17590" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia">Daphnia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17590" type="text/json">{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences">Environmental Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="58054" type="text/json">{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5570641]'), work: {"id":5570641,"title":"Predictive ability of the Daphnia magna IQ toxicity Test ™ for ten diverse water treatment additives","created_at":"2013-12-31T23:29:57.509-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5570641/Predictive_ability_of_the_Daphnia_magna_IQ_toxicity_Test_for_ten_diverse_water_treatment_additives?f_ri=17590","dom_id":"work_5570641","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49236099,"asset_id":5570641,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7927756,"first_name":"Joseph","last_name":"FISCHER","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JosephFISCHER","display_name":"Joseph FISCHER","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JosephFISCHER?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4553,"name":"Toxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":9990,"name":"Water Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Treatment?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":64055,"name":"Water Supply","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Supply?f_ri=17590"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=17590"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=17590"},{"id":616230,"name":"Daphnia Magna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia_Magna?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1318932,"name":"Predictive value of tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predictive_value_of_tests?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1630999,"name":"Toxicity Testing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity_Testing?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17447341" data-work_id="17447341" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17447341/Mosquitocidal_essential_oils_are_they_safe_against_non_target_aquatic_organisms">Mosquitocidal essential oils: are they safe against non-target aquatic organisms?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In latest years, the importance of the Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil (EO) has been greatly empathised due to its anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as to its toxic properties towards many arthropods of great... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17447341" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In latest years, the importance of the Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil (EO) has been greatly empathised due to its anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as to its toxic properties towards many arthropods of great medical and veterinary importance. In this research, the EO extracted from aerial parts of M. alternifolia was evaluated for its toxicity against larvae of the most invasive mosquito worldwide, Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae), and towards adults of the water flea, Daphnia magna (Cladocera: Crustacea), a non-target aquatic organism that share the same ecological niche of A . albopictus. The chemical composition of M. alternifolia EO was investigated by GC-MS analysis. Tea tree EO was mainly composed by oxygenated monoterpenes, with 1,8-cineole as the major constituent. M. alternifolia EO exerted toxic activity against A. albopictus larvae, with a LC 50 =267.130 ppm. However, this EO had a remarkable acute toxicity also towards adults of the non-target arthropod D . magna, with a LC 50 =80.636 ppm. This research provide useful information for the development of newer and safer mosquito control tools, highlighting that the non-target effects against aquatic organisms that share the same ecological niche of A . albopictus larvae are crucial in the development of ecofriendly mosquito control strategies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17447341" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="70925f4d45e9c3da68ff2c9d6498c326" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39513650,"asset_id":17447341,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39513650/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19145663" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/GuidoFlamini">Guido Flamini</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19145663" type="text/json">{"id":19145663,"first_name":"Guido","last_name":"Flamini","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"GuidoFlamini","display_name":"Guido Flamini","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/GuidoFlamini?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17447341 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17447341"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17447341, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17447341", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17447341]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17447341").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17447341").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17447341"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="164" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parasitology">Parasitology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="164" type="text/json">{"id":164,"name":"Parasitology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parasitology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="178" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entomology">Entomology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="178" type="text/json">{"id":178,"name":"Entomology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entomology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17447341]'), work: {"id":17447341,"title":"Mosquitocidal essential oils: are they safe against non-target aquatic organisms?","created_at":"2015-10-28T21:49:06.221-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17447341/Mosquitocidal_essential_oils_are_they_safe_against_non_target_aquatic_organisms?f_ri=17590","dom_id":"work_17447341","summary":"In latest years, the importance of the Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil (EO) has been greatly empathised due to its anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as to its toxic properties towards many arthropods of great medical and veterinary importance. In this research, the EO extracted from aerial parts of M. alternifolia was evaluated for its toxicity against larvae of the most invasive mosquito worldwide, Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae), and towards adults of the water flea, Daphnia magna (Cladocera: Crustacea), a non-target aquatic organism that share the same ecological niche of A . albopictus. The chemical composition of M. alternifolia EO was investigated by GC-MS analysis. Tea tree EO was mainly composed by oxygenated monoterpenes, with 1,8-cineole as the major constituent. M. alternifolia EO exerted toxic activity against A. albopictus larvae, with a LC 50 =267.130 ppm. However, this EO had a remarkable acute toxicity also towards adults of the non-target arthropod D . magna, with a LC 50 =80.636 ppm. This research provide useful information for the development of newer and safer mosquito control tools, highlighting that the non-target effects against aquatic organisms that share the same ecological niche of A . albopictus larvae are crucial in the development of ecofriendly mosquito control strategies.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39513650,"asset_id":17447341,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19145663,"first_name":"Guido","last_name":"Flamini","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"GuidoFlamini","display_name":"Guido Flamini","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/GuidoFlamini?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":164,"name":"Parasitology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parasitology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":178,"name":"Entomology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entomology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=17590"},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=17590"},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=17590"},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=17590"},{"id":50634,"name":"Veterinary Parasitology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Parasitology?f_ri=17590"},{"id":52728,"name":"Tea tree oil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tea_tree_oil?f_ri=17590"},{"id":52972,"name":"Insecticides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insecticides?f_ri=17590"},{"id":208143,"name":"Mosquitoes and Mosquito-borne diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mosquitoes_and_Mosquito-borne_diseases?f_ri=17590"},{"id":246448,"name":"Mosquito Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mosquito_Control?f_ri=17590"},{"id":377566,"name":"Aquatic organisms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquatic_organisms?f_ri=17590"},{"id":442493,"name":"Larva","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Larva?f_ri=17590"},{"id":529560,"name":"Gas Chromatography/mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gas_Chromatography_mass_Spectrometry?f_ri=17590"},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences?f_ri=17590"},{"id":835567,"name":"Monoterpenes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monoterpenes?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1388461,"name":"Aedes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aedes?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17282276" data-work_id="17282276" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17282276/A_COMPARISON_OF_NANOPARTICLE_AND_FINE_PARTICLE_UPTAKE_BY_DAPHNIA_MAGNA">A COMPARISON OF NANOPARTICLE AND FINE PARTICLE UPTAKE BY DAPHNIA MAGNA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The use of nanoparticles in various applications is steadily on the rise, with use in a range of applications, including printer toner, sunscreen, medical imaging, and enhanced drug delivery. While research on human effects via, for... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17282276" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The use of nanoparticles in various applications is steadily on the rise, with use in a range of applications, including printer toner, sunscreen, medical imaging, and enhanced drug delivery. While research on human effects via, for example, inhalation is relatively well developed, the environmental assessment of nanoparticles is in its infancy. In the present study, we assessed the uptake and quantitative accumulation, as well as the depuration, of a model nanoparticle, a 20-nm fluorescent carboxylated polystyrene bead, in the aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna and compared it to a larger, 1,000-nm particle. Using confocal microscopy, rapid accumulation in the gastrointestinal tract was observed within an hour of exposure to both particle sizes in both adults and neonates. Fluorescence could also be observed in the oil storage droplets, suggesting that both particle sizes have crossed the gut&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s epithelial barrier. Quantification of fluorescence of both sizes of particles showed that although uptake of the 20-nm particles was lower in terms of mass it was equal to or greater than 1000-nm particle uptake when expressed as surface area or particle number. Depuration was relatively rapid for the 1000-nm beads, decreasing by more than 90% over 4 h. In contrast, depuration of the 20-nm beads was less extensive, reaching 40% over 4 h. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed uptake of 1,000-nm beads, but uptake of 20-nm beads was inconclusive since similar-sized inclusions could be observed in control treatments.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17282276" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="de518e0aaa24000e7b868e348a0ff8a1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42272350,"asset_id":17282276,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42272350/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36933614" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PhilippRosenkranz">Philipp Rosenkranz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36933614" type="text/json">{"id":36933614,"first_name":"Philipp","last_name":"Rosenkranz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PhilippRosenkranz","display_name":"Philipp Rosenkranz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PhilippRosenkranz?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17282276 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17282276"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17282276, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17282276", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17282276]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17282276").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17282276").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17282276"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Microscopy">Electron Microscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2184" type="text/json">{"id":2184,"name":"Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2215" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water">Water</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2215" type="text/json">{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13621" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles">Nanoparticles</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13621" type="text/json">{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17590" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia">Daphnia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17590" type="text/json">{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17282276]'), work: {"id":17282276,"title":"A COMPARISON OF NANOPARTICLE AND FINE PARTICLE UPTAKE BY DAPHNIA MAGNA","created_at":"2015-10-25T12:19:33.436-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17282276/A_COMPARISON_OF_NANOPARTICLE_AND_FINE_PARTICLE_UPTAKE_BY_DAPHNIA_MAGNA?f_ri=17590","dom_id":"work_17282276","summary":"The use of nanoparticles in various applications is steadily on the rise, with use in a range of applications, including printer toner, sunscreen, medical imaging, and enhanced drug delivery. While research on human effects via, for example, inhalation is relatively well developed, the environmental assessment of nanoparticles is in its infancy. In the present study, we assessed the uptake and quantitative accumulation, as well as the depuration, of a model nanoparticle, a 20-nm fluorescent carboxylated polystyrene bead, in the aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna and compared it to a larger, 1,000-nm particle. Using confocal microscopy, rapid accumulation in the gastrointestinal tract was observed within an hour of exposure to both particle sizes in both adults and neonates. Fluorescence could also be observed in the oil storage droplets, suggesting that both particle sizes have crossed the gut\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s epithelial barrier. Quantification of fluorescence of both sizes of particles showed that although uptake of the 20-nm particles was lower in terms of mass it was equal to or greater than 1000-nm particle uptake when expressed as surface area or particle number. Depuration was relatively rapid for the 1000-nm beads, decreasing by more than 90% over 4 h. In contrast, depuration of the 20-nm beads was less extensive, reaching 40% over 4 h. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed uptake of 1,000-nm beads, but uptake of 20-nm beads was inconclusive since similar-sized inclusions could be observed in control treatments.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42272350,"asset_id":17282276,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36933614,"first_name":"Philipp","last_name":"Rosenkranz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PhilippRosenkranz","display_name":"Philipp Rosenkranz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PhilippRosenkranz?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2184,"name":"Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=17590"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=17590"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=17590"},{"id":390245,"name":"Particle Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Particle_Size?f_ri=17590"},{"id":616230,"name":"Daphnia Magna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia_Magna?f_ri=17590"},{"id":882010,"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Toxicology_and_Chemistry?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1263981,"name":"Fine Particles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fine_Particles?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1491529,"name":"Polystyrenes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polystyrenes?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9892890" data-work_id="9892890" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9892890/Powerpoint_Budidaya_Daphnia_sp">Powerpoint Budidaya Daphnia sp.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9892890" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0fee11fb136847fafebc470db130fc7b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36051066,"asset_id":9892890,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36051066/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5780222" href="https://unsoed.academia.edu/lathifahiip">Iip Lathifah</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5780222" type="text/json">{"id":5780222,"first_name":"Iip","last_name":"Lathifah","domain_name":"unsoed","page_name":"lathifahiip","display_name":"Iip Lathifah","profile_url":"https://unsoed.academia.edu/lathifahiip?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5780222/6480773/157416549/s65_iip.lathifah.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9892890 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9892890"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9892890, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9892890", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_9892890 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9892890; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_9892890"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_9892890 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9892890"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9892890; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9892890]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9892890").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9892890").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9892890"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17590" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia">Daphnia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17590" type="text/json">{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="109028" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Budidaya">Budidaya</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="109028" type="text/json">{"id":109028,"name":"Budidaya","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Budidaya?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="384648" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perikanan_Dan_Kelautan">Perikanan Dan Kelautan</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="384648" type="text/json">{"id":384648,"name":"Perikanan Dan Kelautan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perikanan_Dan_Kelautan?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="554420" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PPT_Presentation">PPT Presentation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="554420" type="text/json">{"id":554420,"name":"PPT Presentation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PPT_Presentation?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9892890]'), work: {"id":9892890,"title":"Powerpoint Budidaya Daphnia sp.","created_at":"2014-12-24T22:14:56.458-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9892890/Powerpoint_Budidaya_Daphnia_sp?f_ri=17590","dom_id":"work_9892890","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36051066,"asset_id":9892890,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5780222,"first_name":"Iip","last_name":"Lathifah","domain_name":"unsoed","page_name":"lathifahiip","display_name":"Iip Lathifah","profile_url":"https://unsoed.academia.edu/lathifahiip?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5780222/6480773/157416549/s65_iip.lathifah.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":109028,"name":"Budidaya","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Budidaya?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":384648,"name":"Perikanan Dan Kelautan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perikanan_Dan_Kelautan?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":554420,"name":"PPT Presentation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PPT_Presentation?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":616230,"name":"Daphnia Magna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia_Magna?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1234743,"name":"Pakan Ikan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pakan_Ikan?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31576336" data-work_id="31576336" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31576336/Zooplankton_Production_in_The_Presence_of_Different_Manures_in_Culture_System">Zooplankton Production in The Presence of Different Manures in Culture System</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Feeding of fish with artemia involves a lot of financial investment and it is therefore essential to source for a cheap and yet adequate source of production of life food for fish. This research compares the effects of different organic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31576336" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Feeding of fish with artemia involves a lot of financial investment and it is therefore essential to source for a cheap and yet adequate source of production of life food for fish. This research compares the effects of different organic manures on zooplankton production in culture systems. The manures used were Poultry droppings, Cow dung, Cassava peels and a Control (without manure) and were added into the culture systems at the rate of 57 mg dm-3 of water. The research was carried out for a period of twelve weeks after then identification and counting of species of zooplankton was done by taking 1ml/day from culture systems and water quality parameters in each culture system was also determined once daily. Zooplankton observed were Filinia sp. and Brachionus sp. belonging to Rotifera, Moina sp. and Daphnia sp. belonging to Cladocera and Cyclopods belonging to Copepoda. Moina sp. accounted for 11751 out of the total abundance of zooplankton irrespective of culture system while Daphnia sp. accounted for 11683, Cyclopods 7332, Filinia sp. 5594 and the least was Brachionus sp. accounting for 5230 total zooplankton Poultry droppings stimulated the highest production having a total of 18908 zooplankton, followed by Cow dung (11845), Cassava peels (9505) and the least was from the Control (1332). The mean values for temperature were 27.4oC for poultry droppings, 27.1oC for Cow dung, 27oC for Cassava peels and 27.3oC for the Control. pH recorded 7.5 for Poultry droppings, 7.0 for Cow dung, Cassava peels 6.9 and 7.1 for the Control. Dissolved oxygen was 5.0mg dm-3 throughout the culture systems. Ammonia recorded 0.9 mg dm-3 for Poultry droppings, 0.4 mg dm-3 for Cow dung, 0.0 mg dm-3 was recorded for Cassava peels and Control. Nitrite was 3.5 mg dm-3 for Poultry droppings, 0.25 mg dm-3 in Cow dung, 0.5 mg dm-3 in Cassava peels and 0.1 mg dm-3 in Control. Nitrate was 80mg dm-3 for Poultry droppings, Cow dung was 22.5 mg dm-3, 25.0 mg dm-3 was Cassava peels while 12.5 mg dm-3 was the Control. ANOVA results showed significant relationship (P<0.05) between the number of zooplankton produced in relation to the various types of Manures applied. In conclusion, Poultry droppings gave the best result and Cassava peels can also serve as an option in areas where poultry droppings are in short supply. The Control gave the poorest result and this clearly indicates that fertilization is essential in culture systems.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31576336" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f5030e514dc3333f9689d3fe348b0de3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51909988,"asset_id":31576336,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51909988/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="59228138" href="https://unioun.academia.edu/AdamsOvieIyiola">Adams Ovie Iyiola</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="59228138" type="text/json">{"id":59228138,"first_name":"Adams Ovie","last_name":"Iyiola","domain_name":"unioun","page_name":"AdamsOvieIyiola","display_name":"Adams Ovie Iyiola","profile_url":"https://unioun.academia.edu/AdamsOvieIyiola?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/59228138/15760520/16296087/s65_adams_ovie.iyiola.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31576336 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31576336"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31576336, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31576336", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31576336 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31576336; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31576336"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31576336 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31576336"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31576336; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31576336]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31576336").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31576336").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31576336"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17590" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia">Daphnia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17590" type="text/json">{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="274185" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moina">Moina</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="274185" type="text/json">{"id":274185,"name":"Moina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moina?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="613640" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Quality_Parameters">Water Quality Parameters</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="613640" type="text/json">{"id":613640,"name":"Water Quality Parameters","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Quality_Parameters?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2644854" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Manures">Organic Manures</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2644854" type="text/json">{"id":2644854,"name":"Organic Manures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Manures?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31576336]'), work: {"id":31576336,"title":"Zooplankton Production in The Presence of Different Manures in Culture System","created_at":"2017-02-23T04:14:16.478-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31576336/Zooplankton_Production_in_The_Presence_of_Different_Manures_in_Culture_System?f_ri=17590","dom_id":"work_31576336","summary":"Feeding of fish with artemia involves a lot of financial investment and it is therefore essential to source for a cheap and yet adequate source of production of life food for fish. This research compares the effects of different organic manures on zooplankton production in culture systems. The manures used were Poultry droppings, Cow dung, Cassava peels and a Control (without manure) and were added into the culture systems at the rate of 57 mg dm-3 of water. The research was carried out for a period of twelve weeks after then identification and counting of species of zooplankton was done by taking 1ml/day from culture systems and water quality parameters in each culture system was also determined once daily. Zooplankton observed were Filinia sp. and Brachionus sp. belonging to Rotifera, Moina sp. and Daphnia sp. belonging to Cladocera and Cyclopods belonging to Copepoda. Moina sp. accounted for 11751 out of the total abundance of zooplankton irrespective of culture system while Daphnia sp. accounted for 11683, Cyclopods 7332, Filinia sp. 5594 and the least was Brachionus sp. accounting for 5230 total zooplankton Poultry droppings stimulated the highest production having a total of 18908 zooplankton, followed by Cow dung (11845), Cassava peels (9505) and the least was from the Control (1332). The mean values for temperature were 27.4oC for poultry droppings, 27.1oC for Cow dung, 27oC for Cassava peels and 27.3oC for the Control. pH recorded 7.5 for Poultry droppings, 7.0 for Cow dung, Cassava peels 6.9 and 7.1 for the Control. Dissolved oxygen was 5.0mg dm-3 throughout the culture systems. Ammonia recorded 0.9 mg dm-3 for Poultry droppings, 0.4 mg dm-3 for Cow dung, 0.0 mg dm-3 was recorded for Cassava peels and Control. Nitrite was 3.5 mg dm-3 for Poultry droppings, 0.25 mg dm-3 in Cow dung, 0.5 mg dm-3 in Cassava peels and 0.1 mg dm-3 in Control. Nitrate was 80mg dm-3 for Poultry droppings, Cow dung was 22.5 mg dm-3, 25.0 mg dm-3 was Cassava peels while 12.5 mg dm-3 was the Control. ANOVA results showed significant relationship (P\u003c0.05) between the number of zooplankton produced in relation to the various types of Manures applied. In conclusion, Poultry droppings gave the best result and Cassava peels can also serve as an option in areas where poultry droppings are in short supply. The Control gave the poorest result and this clearly indicates that fertilization is essential in culture systems.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51909988,"asset_id":31576336,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":59228138,"first_name":"Adams Ovie","last_name":"Iyiola","domain_name":"unioun","page_name":"AdamsOvieIyiola","display_name":"Adams Ovie Iyiola","profile_url":"https://unioun.academia.edu/AdamsOvieIyiola?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/59228138/15760520/16296087/s65_adams_ovie.iyiola.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":274185,"name":"Moina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moina?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":613640,"name":"Water Quality Parameters","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Quality_Parameters?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":2644854,"name":"Organic Manures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Manures?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5275962" data-work_id="5275962" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5275962/Zooplancton_chile">Zooplancton chile</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Chile se caracteriza por presentar un marcado gradiente geográfico latitudinal y altitudinal. En él es posible encontrar diferentes cuerpos de agua continentales, cuya diversidad se refleja en la composición de especies zooplanctónicas.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5275962" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Chile se caracteriza por presentar un marcado gradiente geográfico latitudinal y altitudinal. En él es posible encontrar diferentes cuerpos de agua continentales, cuya diversidad se refleja en la composición de especies zooplanctónicas. En este gradiente se pueden distinguir cinco zonas principales, en las cuales en las últimas décadas se ha recolectado información ecológica y en menor parte taxonómica. En el norte se distingue la zona de lagos y lagunas localizados en el altiplano chileno-peruano, en donde ha sido posible registrar especies endémicas como Daphnia peruviana y especies del género Boeckella. Chile central se caracteriza por una serie de cuerpos acuáticos localizados a baja altura y normalmente de baja profundidad, entre los zooplanctontes destaca Tumeodiaptomus vivianae. En esta latitud se encuentran también lagos de alta montaña de mayor profundidad, los que se caracterizan por la presencia de especies del género Boeckella. En la zona centro sur, en los lagos denominados Nahuelbutensis, existen pocos registros a este respecto. En la zona de lagos Norpatagónicos se ha recolectado la mayor información, y se caracterizan por una baja diversidad de especies. Finalmente en la zona sur de Chile, la región más típica en cuanto a riqueza de especies, está localizada en la región de Torres del Paine, con un alto endemismo (Parabroteas sarsi, Daphnia dadayana, D. commutata).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5275962" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7ea98b30fbc1d2bfdf4f31aaaff1e6a7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32451316,"asset_id":5275962,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32451316/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7247121" href="https://falachi.academia.edu/omarsand">omar sand</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7247121" type="text/json">{"id":7247121,"first_name":"omar","last_name":"sand","domain_name":"falachi","page_name":"omarsand","display_name":"omar sand","profile_url":"https://falachi.academia.edu/omarsand?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5275962 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5275962"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5275962, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5275962", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5275962 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5275962; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5275962"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5275962 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5275962"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5275962; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5275962]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5275962").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5275962").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5275962"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17590" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia">Daphnia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17590" type="text/json">{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="751517" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Especies_End%C3%A9micas">Especies Endémicas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="751517" type="text/json">{"id":751517,"name":"Especies Endémicas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Especies_End%C3%A9micas?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="831108" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foraminiferos_planctonicos">Foraminiferos planctonicos</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="831108" type="text/json">{"id":831108,"name":"Foraminiferos planctonicos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foraminiferos_planctonicos?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5275962]'), work: {"id":5275962,"title":"Zooplancton chile","created_at":"2013-12-01T00:21:31.770-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5275962/Zooplancton_chile?f_ri=17590","dom_id":"work_5275962","summary":"Chile se caracteriza por presentar un marcado gradiente geográfico latitudinal y altitudinal. En él es posible encontrar diferentes cuerpos de agua continentales, cuya diversidad se refleja en la composición de especies zooplanctónicas. En este gradiente se pueden distinguir cinco zonas principales, en las cuales en las últimas décadas se ha recolectado información ecológica y en menor parte taxonómica. En el norte se distingue la zona de lagos y lagunas localizados en el altiplano chileno-peruano, en donde ha sido posible registrar especies endémicas como Daphnia peruviana y especies del género Boeckella. Chile central se caracteriza por una serie de cuerpos acuáticos localizados a baja altura y normalmente de baja profundidad, entre los zooplanctontes destaca Tumeodiaptomus vivianae. En esta latitud se encuentran también lagos de alta montaña de mayor profundidad, los que se caracterizan por la presencia de especies del género Boeckella. En la zona centro sur, en los lagos denominados Nahuelbutensis, existen pocos registros a este respecto. En la zona de lagos Norpatagónicos se ha recolectado la mayor información, y se caracterizan por una baja diversidad de especies. Finalmente en la zona sur de Chile, la región más típica en cuanto a riqueza de especies, está localizada en la región de Torres del Paine, con un alto endemismo (Parabroteas sarsi, Daphnia dadayana, D. commutata).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32451316,"asset_id":5275962,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7247121,"first_name":"omar","last_name":"sand","domain_name":"falachi","page_name":"omarsand","display_name":"omar sand","profile_url":"https://falachi.academia.edu/omarsand?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":751517,"name":"Especies Endémicas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Especies_End%C3%A9micas?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":831108,"name":"Foraminiferos planctonicos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foraminiferos_planctonicos?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37013356" data-work_id="37013356" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37013356/Predicting_Sediment_Metal_Toxicity_Using_a_Sediment_Biotic_Ligand_Model_Methodology_and_Initial_Application">Predicting Sediment Metal Toxicity Using a Sediment Biotic Ligand Model: Methodology and Initial Application</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An extension of the simultaneously extracted metals/acid-volatile sulfide (SEM/AVS) procedure is presented that predicts the acute and chronic sediment metals effects concentrations. A biotic ligand model (BLM) and a pore water-sediment... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37013356" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An extension of the simultaneously extracted metals/acid-volatile sulfide (SEM/AVS) procedure is presented that predicts the acute and chronic sediment metals effects concentrations. A biotic ligand model (BLM) and a pore water-sediment partitioning model are used to predict the sediment concentration that is in equilibrium with the biotic ligand effects concentration. This initial application considers only partitioning to sediment particulate organic carbon. This procedure bypasses the need to compute the details of the pore-water chemistry. Remarkably, the median lethal concentration on a sediment organic carbon (OC)-normalized basis, , is essentially unchanged over a wide range of concentrations of pore-water hardness, salinity, dissolved organic SEM* x,OC</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37013356" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3d7baab22028539a93487ea2c83d9b1b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56963013,"asset_id":37013356,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56963013/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="60631298" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RSantore">Robert Santore</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="60631298" type="text/json">{"id":60631298,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Santore","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RSantore","display_name":"Robert Santore","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RSantore?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/60631298/17126302/17282863/s65_robert.santore.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37013356 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37013356"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37013356, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37013356", }); 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A biotic ligand model (BLM) and a pore water-sediment partitioning model are used to predict the sediment concentration that is in equilibrium with the biotic ligand effects concentration. This initial application considers only partitioning to sediment particulate organic carbon. This procedure bypasses the need to compute the details of the pore-water chemistry. Remarkably, the median lethal concentration on a sediment organic carbon (OC)-normalized basis, , is essentially unchanged over a wide range of concentrations of pore-water hardness, salinity, dissolved organic SEM* x,OC","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56963013,"asset_id":37013356,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":60631298,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Santore","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RSantore","display_name":"Robert Santore","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RSantore?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/60631298/17126302/17282863/s65_robert.santore.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5303,"name":"Carbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":8270,"name":"Forecasting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forecasting?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":57697,"name":"Heavy metals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heavy_metals?f_ri=17590"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=17590"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=17590"},{"id":343667,"name":"Theoretical Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Models?f_ri=17590"},{"id":359340,"name":"Biotic ligand model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotic_ligand_model?f_ri=17590"},{"id":736321,"name":"Environmental Pollutants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollutants?f_ri=17590"},{"id":882010,"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Toxicology_and_Chemistry?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1133132,"name":"Environmental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1136192,"name":"Biological Availability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Availability?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1137254,"name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen-Ion_Concentration?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1222191,"name":"Ligands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ligands?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1256666,"name":"Geologic Sediments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geologic_Sediments?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16128574 coauthored" data-work_id="16128574" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16128574/Comparison_of_Four_Chronic_Toxicity_Tests_Using_Algae_Bacteria_and_Invertebrates_Assessed_with_Sixteen_Chemicals">Comparison of Four Chronic Toxicity Tests Using Algae, Bacteria, and Invertebrates Assessed with Sixteen Chemicals</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The performances of four chronic toxicity tests, comprising the Daphnia magna 21-day (d) (crustacean), Brachionus calyciflorus 2-d (rotifer), Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata 72-h (green algae), and the Microtox chronic 22-h (bacteria)... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16128574" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The performances of four chronic toxicity tests, comprising the Daphnia magna 21-day (d) (crustacean), Brachionus calyciflorus 2-d (rotifer), Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata 72-h (green algae), and the Microtox chronic 22-h (bacteria) tests, were compared. Sixteen chemicals with toxicity covering 6 orders of magnitude were studied. Very high correlations were found between the NOEC/EC 10 Pseudokirchneriella 72-h, NOEC/EC 10 Brachionus 2-d, and the NOEC Daphnia 21-d tests. The toxicological response of rotifers and microalgae were within the same order of magnitude as the response of Daphnia in 80% of cases (13/16 chemicals). The Microtox chronic test also anticipated the overall results of the Daphnia 21-d test, but the prediction was rather imprecise, compared with microalgae and rotifers. The test measuring the algal growth inhibition of P. subcapitata after 72 h was the most sensitive bioassay. Toxicity on microalgae after 72 h could be estimated after 5 h by measuring either the direct fluorescence of either photosynthetic pigments or fluorescein diacetate in 56 and 43% of cases, respectively. The median value of the ratio between EC 10 and EC 50 was 3.75, 2, and 1.5 with the algae, the rotifers, and the bacteria, respectively. #</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16128574" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1e71d8383d0ba26eb4c4e6a57a6c7656" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42737120,"asset_id":16128574,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42737120/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35241885" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ESaouter">E. Saouter</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35241885" type="text/json">{"id":35241885,"first_name":"E.","last_name":"Saouter","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ESaouter","display_name":"E. Saouter","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ESaouter?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/4ae8a4d687c46362de9297da0e9559fe?s=65"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-16128574">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-16128574"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/PauleVasseur">Paule Vasseur</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-16128574'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-16128574').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16128574 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16128574"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16128574, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16128574", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16128574]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16128574").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16128574").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16128574"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="428" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms">Algorithms</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="428" type="text/json">{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4552" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecotoxicology">Ecotoxicology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4552" type="text/json">{"id":4552,"name":"Ecotoxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecotoxicology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7051" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invertebrates">Invertebrates</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7051" type="text/json">{"id":7051,"name":"Invertebrates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invertebrates?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7698" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescence">Fluorescence</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7698" type="text/json">{"id":7698,"name":"Fluorescence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescence?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16128574]'), work: {"id":16128574,"title":"Comparison of Four Chronic Toxicity Tests Using Algae, Bacteria, and Invertebrates Assessed with Sixteen Chemicals","created_at":"2015-09-24T06:54:28.865-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16128574/Comparison_of_Four_Chronic_Toxicity_Tests_Using_Algae_Bacteria_and_Invertebrates_Assessed_with_Sixteen_Chemicals?f_ri=17590","dom_id":"work_16128574","summary":"The performances of four chronic toxicity tests, comprising the Daphnia magna 21-day (d) (crustacean), Brachionus calyciflorus 2-d (rotifer), Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata 72-h (green algae), and the Microtox chronic 22-h (bacteria) tests, were compared. Sixteen chemicals with toxicity covering 6 orders of magnitude were studied. Very high correlations were found between the NOEC/EC 10 Pseudokirchneriella 72-h, NOEC/EC 10 Brachionus 2-d, and the NOEC Daphnia 21-d tests. The toxicological response of rotifers and microalgae were within the same order of magnitude as the response of Daphnia in 80% of cases (13/16 chemicals). The Microtox chronic test also anticipated the overall results of the Daphnia 21-d test, but the prediction was rather imprecise, compared with microalgae and rotifers. The test measuring the algal growth inhibition of P. subcapitata after 72 h was the most sensitive bioassay. Toxicity on microalgae after 72 h could be estimated after 5 h by measuring either the direct fluorescence of either photosynthetic pigments or fluorescein diacetate in 56 and 43% of cases, respectively. The median value of the ratio between EC 10 and EC 50 was 3.75, 2, and 1.5 with the algae, the rotifers, and the bacteria, respectively. #","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42737120,"asset_id":16128574,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35241885,"first_name":"E.","last_name":"Saouter","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ESaouter","display_name":"E. Saouter","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ESaouter?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/4ae8a4d687c46362de9297da0e9559fe?s=65"},{"id":35427135,"first_name":"Paule","last_name":"Vasseur","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PauleVasseur","display_name":"Paule Vasseur","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PauleVasseur?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":4552,"name":"Ecotoxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecotoxicology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":7051,"name":"Invertebrates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invertebrates?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":7698,"name":"Fluorescence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescence?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590"},{"id":24701,"name":"Rotifera","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rotifera?f_ri=17590"},{"id":38650,"name":"Cell Division","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Division?f_ri=17590"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=17590"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=17590"},{"id":161076,"name":"Green Algae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Green_Algae?f_ri=17590"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=17590"},{"id":340112,"name":"Photosynthetic Pigment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photosynthetic_Pigment?f_ri=17590"},{"id":379748,"name":"Vibrio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vibrio?f_ri=17590"},{"id":616230,"name":"Daphnia Magna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia_Magna?f_ri=17590"},{"id":666927,"name":"Toxicity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity_Tests?f_ri=17590"},{"id":769359,"name":"Growth Inhibition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_Inhibition?f_ri=17590"},{"id":784076,"name":"Species Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Species_Specificity?f_ri=17590"},{"id":802213,"name":"Lethal Dose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lethal_Dose?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1014763,"name":"Chlorophyta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chlorophyta?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1462615,"name":"Chronic Toxicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Toxicity?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16938530" data-work_id="16938530" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16938530/Statistical_analysis_of_regulatory_ecotoxicity_tests">Statistical analysis of regulatory ecotoxicity tests</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">ANOVA-type data analysis, i.e.. determination of lowest-observed-effect concentrations (LOECs), and no-observed-effect concentrations (NOECs), has been widely used for statistical analysis of chronic ecotoxicity data. However, it is more... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16938530" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">ANOVA-type data analysis, i.e.. determination of lowest-observed-effect concentrations (LOECs), and no-observed-effect concentrations (NOECs), has been widely used for statistical analysis of chronic ecotoxicity data. However, it is more and more criticised for several reasons, among which the most important is probably the fact that the NOEC depends on the choice of test concentrations and number of replications and rewards poor experiments, i.e., high variability, with high NOEC values. Thus, a recent OECD workshop concluded that the use of the NOEC should be phased out and that a regression-based estimation procedure should be used. Following this workshop, a working group was established at the French level between government, academia and industry representatives. Twenty-seven sets of chronic data (algae, daphnia, fish) were collected and analysed by ANOVA and regression procedures. Several regression models were compared and relations between NOECs and ECx, for different values of x, were established in order to find an alternative summary parameter to the NOEC. Biological arguments are scarce to help in defining a negligible level of effect x for the ECx. With regard to their use in the risk assessment procedures, a convenient methodology would be to choose x so that ECx are on average similar to the present NOEC. This would lead to no major change in the risk assessment procedure. However, experimental data show that the ECx depend on the regression models and that their accuracy decreases in the low effect zone. This disadvantage could probably be reduced by adapting existing experimental protocols but it could mean more experimental effort and higher cost. ECx (derived with existing test guidelines, e.g., regarding the number of replicates) whose lowest bounds of the confidence interval are on average similar to present NOEC would improve this approach by a priori encouraging more precise experiments. However, narrow confidence intervals are not only linked to good experimental practices, but also depend on the distance between the best model fit and experimental data. At least, these approaches still use the NOEC as a reference although this reference is statistically not correct. On the contrary, EC50 are the most precise values to estimate on a concentration response curve, but they are clearly different from the NOEC and their use would require a modification of existing assessment factors.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16938530" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9a1a33bee3613cc3a890e00dcd029b89" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42371023,"asset_id":16938530,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42371023/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32950387" href="https://irstea.academia.edu/MarcBabut">Marc Babut</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32950387" type="text/json">{"id":32950387,"first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Babut","domain_name":"irstea","page_name":"MarcBabut","display_name":"Marc Babut","profile_url":"https://irstea.academia.edu/MarcBabut?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16938530 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16938530"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16938530, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16938530", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_16938530 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16938530; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_16938530"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16938530 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16938530"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16938530; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16938530]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16938530").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16938530").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16938530"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4205" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Analysis">Data Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4205" type="text/json">{"id":4205,"name":"Data Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Analysis?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5187" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Analysis">Statistical Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5187" type="text/json">{"id":5187,"name":"Statistical Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Analysis?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16664" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment">Risk assessment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16664" type="text/json">{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17590" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia">Daphnia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17590" type="text/json">{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16938530]'), work: {"id":16938530,"title":"Statistical analysis of regulatory ecotoxicity tests","created_at":"2015-10-18T02:14:16.937-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16938530/Statistical_analysis_of_regulatory_ecotoxicity_tests?f_ri=17590","dom_id":"work_16938530","summary":"ANOVA-type data analysis, i.e.. determination of lowest-observed-effect concentrations (LOECs), and no-observed-effect concentrations (NOECs), has been widely used for statistical analysis of chronic ecotoxicity data. However, it is more and more criticised for several reasons, among which the most important is probably the fact that the NOEC depends on the choice of test concentrations and number of replications and rewards poor experiments, i.e., high variability, with high NOEC values. Thus, a recent OECD workshop concluded that the use of the NOEC should be phased out and that a regression-based estimation procedure should be used. Following this workshop, a working group was established at the French level between government, academia and industry representatives. Twenty-seven sets of chronic data (algae, daphnia, fish) were collected and analysed by ANOVA and regression procedures. Several regression models were compared and relations between NOECs and ECx, for different values of x, were established in order to find an alternative summary parameter to the NOEC. Biological arguments are scarce to help in defining a negligible level of effect x for the ECx. With regard to their use in the risk assessment procedures, a convenient methodology would be to choose x so that ECx are on average similar to the present NOEC. This would lead to no major change in the risk assessment procedure. However, experimental data show that the ECx depend on the regression models and that their accuracy decreases in the low effect zone. This disadvantage could probably be reduced by adapting existing experimental protocols but it could mean more experimental effort and higher cost. ECx (derived with existing test guidelines, e.g., regarding the number of replicates) whose lowest bounds of the confidence interval are on average similar to present NOEC would improve this approach by a priori encouraging more precise experiments. However, narrow confidence intervals are not only linked to good experimental practices, but also depend on the distance between the best model fit and experimental data. At least, these approaches still use the NOEC as a reference although this reference is statistically not correct. On the contrary, EC50 are the most precise values to estimate on a concentration response curve, but they are clearly different from the NOEC and their use would require a modification of existing assessment factors.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42371023,"asset_id":16938530,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32950387,"first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Babut","domain_name":"irstea","page_name":"MarcBabut","display_name":"Marc Babut","profile_url":"https://irstea.academia.edu/MarcBabut?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4205,"name":"Data Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Analysis?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":5187,"name":"Statistical Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Analysis?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=17590"},{"id":117270,"name":"Fishes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fishes?f_ri=17590"},{"id":123230,"name":"Regression Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regression_Analysis?f_ri=17590"},{"id":373754,"name":"Ecosystem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecosystem?f_ri=17590"},{"id":406051,"name":"Regression Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regression_Model?f_ri=17590"},{"id":622589,"name":"Risk Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Assessment-2?f_ri=17590"},{"id":666927,"name":"Toxicity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity_Tests?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1120502,"name":"Experimental Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Data?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1587858,"name":"Confidence Interval","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confidence_Interval?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13691847" data-work_id="13691847" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13691847/TOXICITY_EVALUATION_OF_NATURAL_AND_SYNTHETIC_PHENANTHRENES_IN_AQUATIC_SYSTEMS">TOXICITY EVALUATION OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC PHENANTHRENES IN AQUATIC SYSTEMS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Seven natural 9,10-dihydrophenanthrenes were isolated from the common reed Juncus effusus by means of chromatographic processes and identified by spectroscopic means. Furthermore, mimics of natural isolated compounds were synthesized to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13691847" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Seven natural 9,10-dihydrophenanthrenes were isolated from the common reed Juncus effusus by means of chromatographic processes and identified by spectroscopic means. Furthermore, mimics of natural isolated compounds were synthesized to try to evaluate the influence of functional groups on the dihydrophenanthrene skeleton. Syntheses of compounds were based on the cross-coupling of 1-(2-iodo-5-methoxy)phenyl-ethanol with variously substituted iodobenzenes by zerovalent nickel. All the chemicals were tested to evaluate their effects on freshwater organisms from different trophic levels. Toxicity tests were performed on reducers (the bacterium Escherichia coli); producers (the alga Raphidocelis subcapitata, previously known as Selenastrum capricornutum); and consumers including a rotifer (Brachionus calyciflorus), a cladoceran (Daphnia pulex), and an anostracan (Thamnocephalus platyurus). Results suggested no one organism was uniquely sensitive to the chemicals tested. Toxicity depended on the kind and position of substituents on the aromatic skeleton.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13691847" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="30eb623c02c500c38cc384fc0cf3b8a0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45053388,"asset_id":13691847,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45053388/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32830397" href="https://unina.academia.edu/MDellagreca">Marina Dellagreca</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32830397" type="text/json">{"id":32830397,"first_name":"Marina","last_name":"Dellagreca","domain_name":"unina","page_name":"MDellagreca","display_name":"Marina Dellagreca","profile_url":"https://unina.academia.edu/MDellagreca?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13691847 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13691847"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13691847, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13691847", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13691847 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13691847; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13691847"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13691847 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13691847"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13691847; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13691847]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13691847").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13691847").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13691847"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7049" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crustacea">Crustacea</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7049" type="text/json">{"id":7049,"name":"Crustacea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crustacea?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17590" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia">Daphnia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17590" type="text/json">{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24701" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rotifera">Rotifera</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24701" type="text/json">{"id":24701,"name":"Rotifera","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rotifera?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13691847]'), work: {"id":13691847,"title":"TOXICITY EVALUATION OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC PHENANTHRENES IN AQUATIC SYSTEMS","created_at":"2015-07-06T02:56:58.494-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13691847/TOXICITY_EVALUATION_OF_NATURAL_AND_SYNTHETIC_PHENANTHRENES_IN_AQUATIC_SYSTEMS?f_ri=17590","dom_id":"work_13691847","summary":"Seven natural 9,10-dihydrophenanthrenes were isolated from the common reed Juncus effusus by means of chromatographic processes and identified by spectroscopic means. Furthermore, mimics of natural isolated compounds were synthesized to try to evaluate the influence of functional groups on the dihydrophenanthrene skeleton. Syntheses of compounds were based on the cross-coupling of 1-(2-iodo-5-methoxy)phenyl-ethanol with variously substituted iodobenzenes by zerovalent nickel. All the chemicals were tested to evaluate their effects on freshwater organisms from different trophic levels. Toxicity tests were performed on reducers (the bacterium Escherichia coli); producers (the alga Raphidocelis subcapitata, previously known as Selenastrum capricornutum); and consumers including a rotifer (Brachionus calyciflorus), a cladoceran (Daphnia pulex), and an anostracan (Thamnocephalus platyurus). Results suggested no one organism was uniquely sensitive to the chemicals tested. Toxicity depended on the kind and position of substituents on the aromatic skeleton.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45053388,"asset_id":13691847,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32830397,"first_name":"Marina","last_name":"Dellagreca","domain_name":"unina","page_name":"MDellagreca","display_name":"Marina Dellagreca","profile_url":"https://unina.academia.edu/MDellagreca?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7049,"name":"Crustacea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crustacea?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":24701,"name":"Rotifera","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rotifera?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=17590"},{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=17590"},{"id":133873,"name":"Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plants?f_ri=17590"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=17590"},{"id":354056,"name":"Plant extracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_extracts?f_ri=17590"},{"id":666927,"name":"Toxicity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity_Tests?f_ri=17590"},{"id":882010,"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Toxicology_and_Chemistry?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1013028,"name":"Food Chain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Chain?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1133132,"name":"Environmental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29656529" data-work_id="29656529" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29656529/Daphnia_Biogeography_in_the_Indian_subcontinent">Daphnia Biogeography in the Indian subcontinent</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Studies on Daphnia distribution in Indian subcontinent have been few and regionally restricted despite Daphnia being by far the most studied cladoceran. We here present a first biogeographical assessment of the genus on the Indian... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29656529" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Studies on Daphnia distribution in Indian subcontinent have been few and regionally restricted despite Daphnia being by far the most<br />studied cladoceran. We here present a first biogeographical assessment of the genus on the Indian subcontinent (Afghanistan, Pakistan,<br />India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka). We collected all pertinent literature and considered nineteen bioclimatic variables along<br />with latitude, longitude, and altitude for statistical analysis of factors governing distribution in space. Significant variables (determined<br />by Kruskal Wallis test) were tested by nonparametric multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) to clarify whether Daphnia species<br />had specific environmental requirements. Canonical correspondence analysis was used to understand how environmental variables affected<br />distribution. Eight Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) and 4 Daphnia s.str. occurred at 100 different localities. The variables temperature, altitude<br />and latitude differed among species and so did their bio-climatic requirements. Daphnia distribution responded positively to altitude and<br />negatively to a decrease in latitude and temperature. We confirm the existence of three complexes of Daphnia in the Indian subcontinent:<br />i) widely distributed species and species complexes; ii) high altitude endemics; and iii) low latitude D. (Ctenodaphnia) species.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29656529" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e778ad553949d9faa7116d74f932dca6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50092778,"asset_id":29656529,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50092778/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="128268" href="https://unipune1.academia.edu/SameerPadhye">Sameer Padhye</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="128268" type="text/json">{"id":128268,"first_name":"Sameer","last_name":"Padhye","domain_name":"unipune1","page_name":"SameerPadhye","display_name":"Sameer Padhye","profile_url":"https://unipune1.academia.edu/SameerPadhye?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/128268/34186/17438249/s65_sameer.padhye.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29656529 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29656529"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29656529, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29656529", }); 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We here present a first biogeographical assessment of the genus on the Indian subcontinent (Afghanistan, Pakistan,\nIndia, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka). We collected all pertinent literature and considered nineteen bioclimatic variables along\nwith latitude, longitude, and altitude for statistical analysis of factors governing distribution in space. Significant variables (determined\nby Kruskal Wallis test) were tested by nonparametric multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) to clarify whether Daphnia species\nhad specific environmental requirements. Canonical correspondence analysis was used to understand how environmental variables affected\ndistribution. Eight Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) and 4 Daphnia s.str. occurred at 100 different localities. The variables temperature, altitude\nand latitude differed among species and so did their bio-climatic requirements. Daphnia distribution responded positively to altitude and\nnegatively to a decrease in latitude and temperature. We confirm the existence of three complexes of Daphnia in the Indian subcontinent:\ni) widely distributed species and species complexes; ii) high altitude endemics; and iii) low latitude D. (Ctenodaphnia) species.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50092778,"asset_id":29656529,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":128268,"first_name":"Sameer","last_name":"Padhye","domain_name":"unipune1","page_name":"SameerPadhye","display_name":"Sameer Padhye","profile_url":"https://unipune1.academia.edu/SameerPadhye?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/128268/34186/17438249/s65_sameer.padhye.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17823,"name":"Biogeography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biogeography?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17825,"name":"Biodiversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":115807,"name":"Limnology, Periphyton, Zooplankton, Phytoplankton, Fish, Macroinvertebrates, Submerged Aquatic Vegetation, Food Web Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Limnology_Periphyton_Zooplankton_Phytoplankton_Fish_Macroinvertebrates_Submerged_Aquatic_Veget?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18864431" data-work_id="18864431" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18864431/A_yeast_based_cytotoxicity_and_genotoxicity_assay_for_environmental_monitoring_using_novel_portable_instrumentation">A yeast-based cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assay for environmental monitoring using novel portable instrumentation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An assay capable of simultaneously measuring both general toxicity and more subtle genotoxicity, in aqueous environmental samples, is described. The assay uses eukaryotic (yeast) cells, genetically modified to express a green fluorescent... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18864431" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An assay capable of simultaneously measuring both general toxicity and more subtle genotoxicity, in aqueous environmental samples, is described. The assay uses eukaryotic (yeast) cells, genetically modified to express a green fluorescent protein (GFP) whenever DNA damage, as a result of exposure to genotoxic agents, is repaired. A measure of the reduction in cell proliferation is used to characterise general toxicity producing familiar EC 50 and LOEC data. The assay protocol has been developed for proposed use in the field and hence employs dedicated, portable instrumentation, the development of which is described. A range of environmentally relevant substances has been evaluated using the assay, including solutions of metal ions, solvents and pesticides. Preliminary data comparing the yeast assay's response to that of a standard Daphnia test in the analysis of the toxicity of 34 varied industrial waste effluents are also presented. The sensitivity to a wide range of substances and effluents suggests the assay should be useful for environmental toxicity monitoring.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18864431" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="576c5a0311a7f5750b965b3e0c1bd12f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40297733,"asset_id":18864431,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40297733/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38969506" href="https://manchester.academia.edu/NicholasGoddard">Nicholas Goddard</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38969506" type="text/json">{"id":38969506,"first_name":"Nicholas","last_name":"Goddard","domain_name":"manchester","page_name":"NicholasGoddard","display_name":"Nicholas Goddard","profile_url":"https://manchester.academia.edu/NicholasGoddard?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38969506/47587294/36405673/s65_nicholas.goddard.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18864431 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18864431"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18864431, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18864431", }); 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The assay uses eukaryotic (yeast) cells, genetically modified to express a green fluorescent protein (GFP) whenever DNA damage, as a result of exposure to genotoxic agents, is repaired. A measure of the reduction in cell proliferation is used to characterise general toxicity producing familiar EC 50 and LOEC data. The assay protocol has been developed for proposed use in the field and hence employs dedicated, portable instrumentation, the development of which is described. A range of environmentally relevant substances has been evaluated using the assay, including solutions of metal ions, solvents and pesticides. Preliminary data comparing the yeast assay's response to that of a standard Daphnia test in the analysis of the toxicity of 34 varied industrial waste effluents are also presented. The sensitivity to a wide range of substances and effluents suggests the assay should be useful for environmental toxicity monitoring.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40297733,"asset_id":18864431,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38969506,"first_name":"Nicholas","last_name":"Goddard","domain_name":"manchester","page_name":"NicholasGoddard","display_name":"Nicholas Goddard","profile_url":"https://manchester.academia.edu/NicholasGoddard?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38969506/47587294/36405673/s65_nicholas.goddard.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":23066,"name":"DNA damage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_damage?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":38650,"name":"Cell Division","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Division?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=17590"},{"id":202410,"name":"Green Fluorescent Protein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Green_Fluorescent_Protein?f_ri=17590"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=17590"},{"id":323164,"name":"Genetically Modified","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetically_Modified?f_ri=17590"},{"id":532843,"name":"Industrial Waste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Waste?f_ri=17590"},{"id":590943,"name":"Metal ion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metal_ion?f_ri=17590"},{"id":663045,"name":"Yeasts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yeasts?f_ri=17590"},{"id":736321,"name":"Environmental Pollutants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollutants?f_ri=17590"},{"id":782251,"name":"Cell Proliferation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Proliferation?f_ri=17590"},{"id":802213,"name":"Lethal Dose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lethal_Dose?f_ri=17590"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16773343" data-work_id="16773343" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16773343/Algicidal_activity_of_phthalocyanines_Screening_of_31_compounds">Algicidal activity of phthalocyanines—Screening of 31 compounds</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In search of the main properties of phthalocyanines participating in toxicity against cyanobacteria. Chemosphere 77(11): 1520-1525 VII Jančula, D., Bláhová, L., Karásková, M., Maršálek, B. Degradation of natural toxins by phthalocyanines... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16773343" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In search of the main properties of phthalocyanines participating in toxicity against cyanobacteria. Chemosphere 77(11): 1520-1525 VII Jančula, D., Bláhová, L., Karásková, M., Maršálek, B. Degradation of natural toxins by phthalocyanines -example of cyanobacterial toxin, microcystin. Accepted, Water Science and Technology VIII Jančula, D., Maršálková, E., Maršálek, B. Organic flocculants for the removal of phytoplankton biomass. Submitted, Aquaculture International IX Mikula, P., Zezulka, Š., Jančula, D., Maršálek B. Photodynamic impact of hydrogen peroxide -complex assessment of algicidal agent on Microcystis aeruginosa physiology. Submitted, Chemosphere X Jančula, D., Mikula P., Maršálek B. Effects of water treatment by polyaluminium chloride on freshwater invertebrate (Daphnia magna) -laboratory study.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16773343" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="144b6ea09cce479d402ab243a4dea230" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39175485,"asset_id":16773343,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39175485/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36203230" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BlahoslavMar%C5%A1%C3%A1lek">Blahoslav Maršálek</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36203230" type="text/json">{"id":36203230,"first_name":"Blahoslav","last_name":"Maršálek","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BlahoslavMaršálek","display_name":"Blahoslav Maršálek","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BlahoslavMar%C5%A1%C3%A1lek?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16773343 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16773343"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16773343, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16773343", }); 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Chemosphere 77(11): 1520-1525 VII Jančula, D., Bláhová, L., Karásková, M., Maršálek, B. Degradation of natural toxins by phthalocyanines -example of cyanobacterial toxin, microcystin. Accepted, Water Science and Technology VIII Jančula, D., Maršálková, E., Maršálek, B. Organic flocculants for the removal of phytoplankton biomass. Submitted, Aquaculture International IX Mikula, P., Zezulka, Š., Jančula, D., Maršálek B. Photodynamic impact of hydrogen peroxide -complex assessment of algicidal agent on Microcystis aeruginosa physiology. Submitted, Chemosphere X Jančula, D., Mikula P., Maršálek B. Effects of water treatment by polyaluminium chloride on freshwater invertebrate (Daphnia magna) -laboratory study.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39175485,"asset_id":16773343,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36203230,"first_name":"Blahoslav","last_name":"Maršálek","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BlahoslavMaršálek","display_name":"Blahoslav Maršálek","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BlahoslavMar%C5%A1%C3%A1lek?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2867,"name":"Environmental Toxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Toxicology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=17590"},{"id":484405,"name":"Synechococcus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Synechococcus?f_ri=17590"},{"id":967839,"name":"Structure activity Relationship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structure_activity_Relationship?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1014763,"name":"Chlorophyta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chlorophyta?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1133132,"name":"Environmental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26168877" data-work_id="26168877" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26168877/Extrapolating_ecotoxicological_effects_from_individuals_to_populations_a_generic_approach_based_on_Dynamic_Energy_Budget_theory_and_individual_based_modeling">Extrapolating ecotoxicological effects from individuals to populations: a generic approach based on Dynamic Energy Budget theory and individual-based modeling</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Individual-based models (IBMs) predict how dynamics at higher levels of biological organization emerge from individual-level processes. This makes them a particularly useful tool for ecotoxicology, where the effects of toxicants are... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26168877" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Individual-based models (IBMs) predict how dynamics at higher levels of biological organization emerge from individual-level processes. This makes them a particularly useful tool for ecotoxicology, where the effects of toxicants are measured at the individual level but protection goals are often aimed at the population level or higher. However, one drawback of IBMs is that they require significant effort and data to design for each species. A solution would be to develop IBMs for chemical risk assessment that are based on generic individual-level models and theory. Here we show how one generic theory, Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory, can be used to extrapolate the effect of toxicants measured at the individual level to effects on population dynamics. DEB is based on first principles in bioenergetics and uses a common model structure to model all species. Parameterization for a certain species is done at the individual level and allows to predict population-level effects of toxicants for a wide range of environmental conditions and toxicant concentrations. We present the general approach, which in principle can be used for all animal species, and give an example using Daphnia magna exposed to 3,4-dichloroaniline. We conclude that our generic approach holds great potential for standardized ecological risk assessment based on ecological models. Currently, available data from standard tests can directly be used for parameterization under certain circumstances, but with limited extra effort standard tests at the individual would deliver data that could considerably improve the applicability and precision of extrapolation to the population level. Specifically, the measurement of a toxicant's effect on growth in addition to reproduction, and presenting data over time as opposed to reporting a single EC50 or dose response curve at one time point.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26168877" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="640039133042e24d371db16b910cba8b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46496377,"asset_id":26168877,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46496377/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32109741" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RogerNisbet">Roger Nisbet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32109741" type="text/json">{"id":32109741,"first_name":"Roger","last_name":"Nisbet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RogerNisbet","display_name":"Roger Nisbet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RogerNisbet?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26168877 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26168877"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26168877, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26168877", }); 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This makes them a particularly useful tool for ecotoxicology, where the effects of toxicants are measured at the individual level but protection goals are often aimed at the population level or higher. However, one drawback of IBMs is that they require significant effort and data to design for each species. A solution would be to develop IBMs for chemical risk assessment that are based on generic individual-level models and theory. Here we show how one generic theory, Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory, can be used to extrapolate the effect of toxicants measured at the individual level to effects on population dynamics. DEB is based on first principles in bioenergetics and uses a common model structure to model all species. Parameterization for a certain species is done at the individual level and allows to predict population-level effects of toxicants for a wide range of environmental conditions and toxicant concentrations. We present the general approach, which in principle can be used for all animal species, and give an example using Daphnia magna exposed to 3,4-dichloroaniline. We conclude that our generic approach holds great potential for standardized ecological risk assessment based on ecological models. Currently, available data from standard tests can directly be used for parameterization under certain circumstances, but with limited extra effort standard tests at the individual would deliver data that could considerably improve the applicability and precision of extrapolation to the population level. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/21659598/Assessment_of_Landfill_Leachate_Toxicity_Reduction_After_Biological_Treatment">Assessment of Landfill Leachate Toxicity Reduction After Biological Treatment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the present article, the efficiency of biological treatment of landfill leachates was evaluated by implementation of physicochemical characterisation and a complex toxicity assessment. An array of toxicity tests using bacterium Vibrio... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21659598" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the present article, the efficiency of biological treatment of landfill leachates was evaluated by implementation of physicochemical characterisation and a complex toxicity assessment. An array of toxicity tests using bacterium Vibrio fischeri, alga Desmodesmus subspicatus, crustacean Daphnia magna, and embryo of fish Danio rerio, as well as unconventional methods using biochemical biomarkers (protein content, enzymes cholinesterase, and glutathione-S-transferase), were employed. Toxicity of leachates varied depending on the season of collection in relation to their different physicochemical characteristics. Uncommon effects of leachates on organisms, such as hormetic-like increases of algal growth and reproduction of daphnids, were identified. New approaches using the activities of enzymes were found unsuitable for routine hazard assessment of leachates. Although physicochemical parameters and toxicity decreased significantly after biological treatment, the effluents did not meet the demands of the current Slovenian legislation; thus, the existing biological treatment was found inappropriate. The development of advanced treatment techniques for landfill leachates is thus encouraged.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21659598" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e0fb80780bb24513601aaa7ed2d6f468" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42308756,"asset_id":21659598,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42308756/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42808796" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AndrejaGotvajn">Andreja Gotvajn</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42808796" type="text/json">{"id":42808796,"first_name":"Andreja","last_name":"Gotvajn","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndrejaGotvajn","display_name":"Andreja Gotvajn","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndrejaGotvajn?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21659598 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21659598"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21659598, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21659598", }); 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An array of toxicity tests using bacterium Vibrio fischeri, alga Desmodesmus subspicatus, crustacean Daphnia magna, and embryo of fish Danio rerio, as well as unconventional methods using biochemical biomarkers (protein content, enzymes cholinesterase, and glutathione-S-transferase), were employed. Toxicity of leachates varied depending on the season of collection in relation to their different physicochemical characteristics. Uncommon effects of leachates on organisms, such as hormetic-like increases of algal growth and reproduction of daphnids, were identified. New approaches using the activities of enzymes were found unsuitable for routine hazard assessment of leachates. Although physicochemical parameters and toxicity decreased significantly after biological treatment, the effluents did not meet the demands of the current Slovenian legislation; thus, the existing biological treatment was found inappropriate. The development of advanced treatment techniques for landfill leachates is thus encouraged.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42308756,"asset_id":21659598,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42808796,"first_name":"Andreja","last_name":"Gotvajn","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndrejaGotvajn","display_name":"Andreja Gotvajn","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndrejaGotvajn?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":34341,"name":"Danio 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'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6189985]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6189985").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6189985").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6189985"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6599" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Cytometry">Flow Cytometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6599" type="text/json">{"id":6599,"name":"Flow Cytometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Cytometry?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17590" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia">Daphnia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17590" type="text/json">{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25445" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollution">Environmental Pollution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25445" type="text/json">{"id":25445,"name":"Environmental Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollution?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6189985]'), work: {"id":6189985,"title":"Fate and effect of monoalkyl quaternary ammonium surfactants in the aquatic environment","created_at":"2014-02-24T04:48:20.212-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6189985/Fate_and_effect_of_monoalkyl_quaternary_ammonium_surfactants_in_the_aquatic_environment?f_ri=17590","dom_id":"work_6189985","summary":"apsule'': Surfactants provide a growth substrate which allows bacterioplankton to degrade them.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48977033,"asset_id":6189985,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9448104,"first_name":"Josep","last_name":"Vives-Rego","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JosepVivesRego","display_name":"Josep Vives-Rego","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JosepVivesRego?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6599,"name":"Flow Cytometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Cytometry?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":25445,"name":"Environmental Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollution?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":564340,"name":"Surface Active Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surface_Active_Agents?f_ri=17590"},{"id":571946,"name":"Coastal waters","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coastal_waters?f_ri=17590"},{"id":616230,"name":"Daphnia Magna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia_Magna?f_ri=17590"},{"id":955937,"name":"Quaternary Ammonium Compounds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quaternary_Ammonium_Compounds?f_ri=17590"},{"id":980394,"name":"Acute Toxicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acute_Toxicity?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1013858,"name":"Cations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cations?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1133132,"name":"Environmental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental?f_ri=17590"},{"id":2196318,"name":"Photobacterium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photobacterium?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37013400" data-work_id="37013400" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37013400/Biotic_ligand_model_of_the_acute_toxicity_of_metals_2_Application_to_acute_copper_toxicity_in_freshwater_fish_and_Daphnia">Biotic ligand model of the acute toxicity of metals. 2. Application to acute copper toxicity in freshwater fish and Daphnia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The biotic ligand model (BLM) was developed to explain and predict the effects of water chemistry on the acute toxicity of metals to aquatic organisms. The biotic ligand is defined as a specific receptor within an organism where metal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37013400" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The biotic ligand model (BLM) was developed to explain and predict the effects of water chemistry on the acute toxicity of metals to aquatic organisms. The biotic ligand is defined as a specific receptor within an organism where metal complexation leads to acute toxicity. The BLM is designed to predict metal interactions at the biotic ligand within the context of aqueous metal speciation and competitive binding of protective cations such as calcium. Toxicity is defined as accumulation of metal at the biotic ligand at or above a critical threshold concentration. This modeling framework provides mechanistic explanations for the observed effects of aqueous ligands, such as natural organic matter, and water hardness on metal toxicity. In this paper, the development of a copper version of the BLM is described. The calibrated model is then used to calculate LC50 (the lethal concentration for 50% of test organisms) and is evaluated by comparison with published toxicity data sets for freshwater fish (fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas) and Daphnia.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37013400" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7e226d6818e96e0e346f3c8f3a87ba18" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56963018,"asset_id":37013400,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56963018/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="60631298" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RSantore">Robert Santore</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="60631298" type="text/json">{"id":60631298,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Santore","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RSantore","display_name":"Robert Santore","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RSantore?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/60631298/17126302/17282863/s65_robert.santore.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37013400 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37013400"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37013400, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37013400", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37013400 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37013400; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37013400"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37013400 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37013400"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37013400; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37013400]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37013400").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37013400").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37013400"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">30</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7049" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crustacea">Crustacea</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7049" type="text/json">{"id":7049,"name":"Crustacea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crustacea?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16664" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment">Risk assessment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16664" type="text/json">{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17590" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia">Daphnia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17590" type="text/json">{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21724" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution">Water Pollution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="21724" type="text/json">{"id":21724,"name":"Water Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37013400]'), work: {"id":37013400,"title":"Biotic ligand model of the acute toxicity of metals. 2. Application to acute copper toxicity in freshwater fish and Daphnia","created_at":"2018-07-09T16:12:10.864-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37013400/Biotic_ligand_model_of_the_acute_toxicity_of_metals_2_Application_to_acute_copper_toxicity_in_freshwater_fish_and_Daphnia?f_ri=17590","dom_id":"work_37013400","summary":"The biotic ligand model (BLM) was developed to explain and predict the effects of water chemistry on the acute toxicity of metals to aquatic organisms. The biotic ligand is defined as a specific receptor within an organism where metal complexation leads to acute toxicity. The BLM is designed to predict metal interactions at the biotic ligand within the context of aqueous metal speciation and competitive binding of protective cations such as calcium. Toxicity is defined as accumulation of metal at the biotic ligand at or above a critical threshold concentration. This modeling framework provides mechanistic explanations for the observed effects of aqueous ligands, such as natural organic matter, and water hardness on metal toxicity. In this paper, the development of a copper version of the BLM is described. The calibrated model is then used to calculate LC50 (the lethal concentration for 50% of test organisms) and is evaluated by comparison with published toxicity data sets for freshwater fish (fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas) and Daphnia.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56963018,"asset_id":37013400,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":60631298,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Santore","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RSantore","display_name":"Robert Santore","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RSantore?f_ri=17590","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/60631298/17126302/17282863/s65_robert.santore.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7049,"name":"Crustacea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crustacea?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":21724,"name":"Water Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=17590"},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=17590"},{"id":57697,"name":"Heavy metals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heavy_metals?f_ri=17590"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=17590"},{"id":65140,"name":"Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Models?f_ri=17590"},{"id":67405,"name":"Toxicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity?f_ri=17590"},{"id":80692,"name":"Copper","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copper?f_ri=17590"},{"id":117270,"name":"Fishes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fishes?f_ri=17590"},{"id":200064,"name":"Freshwater Fish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Freshwater_Fish?f_ri=17590"},{"id":205461,"name":"Bioavailability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioavailability?f_ri=17590"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=17590"},{"id":343667,"name":"Theoretical Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Models?f_ri=17590"},{"id":359340,"name":"Biotic ligand model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotic_ligand_model?f_ri=17590"},{"id":462837,"name":"Gills","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gills?f_ri=17590"},{"id":486635,"name":"Dissolved Organic Carbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dissolved_Organic_Carbon?f_ri=17590"},{"id":622589,"name":"Risk Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Assessment-2?f_ri=17590"},{"id":802213,"name":"Lethal Dose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lethal_Dose?f_ri=17590"},{"id":882010,"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Toxicology_and_Chemistry?f_ri=17590"},{"id":965190,"name":"Cyprinidae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyprinidae?f_ri=17590"},{"id":980394,"name":"Acute Toxicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acute_Toxicity?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1030882,"name":"Ligand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ligand?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1133132,"name":"Environmental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1136192,"name":"Biological Availability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Availability?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1222191,"name":"Ligands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ligands?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1297608,"name":"Organic Chemicals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemicals?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1354422,"name":"Toxicity Test","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity_Test?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32698408" data-work_id="32698408" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32698408/The_water_flea_Daphnia_magna_Crustacea_Cladocera_as_a_test_species_for_screening_and_evaluation_of_chemicals_with_endocrine_disrupting_effects_on_crustaceans">The water flea Daphnia magna (Crustacea, Cladocera) as a test species for screening and evaluation of chemicals with endocrine disrupting effects on crustaceans</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The water flea Daphnia magna (Crustacea, Cladocera) is a cyclical parthenogen, which can reproduce both by parthenogenesis and by sexual reproduction. With its ease of handling in the laboratory, several testing methods using D. magna... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32698408" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The water flea Daphnia magna (Crustacea, Cladocera) is a cyclical parthenogen, which can reproduce both by parthenogenesis and by sexual reproduction. With its ease of handling in the laboratory, several testing methods using D. magna exist for regulatory toxicity testing. Recently, several studies revealed that one of the major hormone groups in insects and crustaceans, juvenile hormones, are involved in the shift of reproductive mode from parthenogenesis to sexual reproduction (production of male neonates). Using offspring sex ratio as a new endpoint has made it possible to identify chemicals with juvenile hormonelike effects on crustaceans. The testing method using D. magna, in which offspring sex ratio is incorporated as a new endpoint, is now being proposed to the OECD as an enhanced version of the existing OECD Test Guideline 211: Daphnia magna reproduction test. No other clear-cut endpoint for identifying juvenilehormone disrupting effects has ever been found in crustaceans than the induction of male neonates production in cladocerans. In this regard, it is expected that testing methods using D. magna are suitable for screening and risk assessment of chemicals with juvenile-hormone disrupting effects.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32698408" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4de94d7cbc32a9c94b571daab7024714" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52861478,"asset_id":32698408,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52861478/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="63601345" href="https://ehime-u.academia.edu/NorihisaTatarazako">Norihisa Tatarazako</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="63601345" type="text/json">{"id":63601345,"first_name":"Norihisa","last_name":"Tatarazako","domain_name":"ehime-u","page_name":"NorihisaTatarazako","display_name":"Norihisa Tatarazako","profile_url":"https://ehime-u.academia.edu/NorihisaTatarazako?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32698408 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32698408"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32698408, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32698408", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_32698408 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32698408; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_32698408"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_32698408 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32698408"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32698408; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32698408]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32698408").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32698408").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32698408"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4552" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecotoxicology">Ecotoxicology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4552" type="text/json">{"id":4552,"name":"Ecotoxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecotoxicology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4559" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction">Reproduction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4559" type="text/json">{"id":4559,"name":"Reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16664" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment">Risk assessment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16664" type="text/json">{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17590" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia">Daphnia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17590" type="text/json">{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32698408]'), work: {"id":32698408,"title":"The water flea Daphnia magna (Crustacea, Cladocera) as a test species for screening and evaluation of chemicals with endocrine disrupting effects on crustaceans","created_at":"2017-04-28T01:48:06.051-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32698408/The_water_flea_Daphnia_magna_Crustacea_Cladocera_as_a_test_species_for_screening_and_evaluation_of_chemicals_with_endocrine_disrupting_effects_on_crustaceans?f_ri=17590","dom_id":"work_32698408","summary":"The water flea Daphnia magna (Crustacea, Cladocera) is a cyclical parthenogen, which can reproduce both by parthenogenesis and by sexual reproduction. With its ease of handling in the laboratory, several testing methods using D. magna exist for regulatory toxicity testing. Recently, several studies revealed that one of the major hormone groups in insects and crustaceans, juvenile hormones, are involved in the shift of reproductive mode from parthenogenesis to sexual reproduction (production of male neonates). Using offspring sex ratio as a new endpoint has made it possible to identify chemicals with juvenile hormonelike effects on crustaceans. The testing method using D. magna, in which offspring sex ratio is incorporated as a new endpoint, is now being proposed to the OECD as an enhanced version of the existing OECD Test Guideline 211: Daphnia magna reproduction test. No other clear-cut endpoint for identifying juvenilehormone disrupting effects has ever been found in crustaceans than the induction of male neonates production in cladocerans. In this regard, it is expected that testing methods using D. magna are suitable for screening and risk assessment of chemicals with juvenile-hormone disrupting effects.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52861478,"asset_id":32698408,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":63601345,"first_name":"Norihisa","last_name":"Tatarazako","domain_name":"ehime-u","page_name":"NorihisaTatarazako","display_name":"Norihisa Tatarazako","profile_url":"https://ehime-u.academia.edu/NorihisaTatarazako?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4552,"name":"Ecotoxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecotoxicology?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":4559,"name":"Reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=17590"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=17590"},{"id":86650,"name":"Endocrine disruptors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endocrine_disruptors?f_ri=17590"},{"id":151907,"name":"Offspring Sex Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Offspring_Sex_Ratio?f_ri=17590"},{"id":160856,"name":"Juvenile Hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Juvenile_Hormone?f_ri=17590"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=17590"},{"id":549280,"name":"Reproducibility of Results","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproducibility_of_Results?f_ri=17590"},{"id":616230,"name":"Daphnia Magna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia_Magna?f_ri=17590"},{"id":622589,"name":"Risk Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Assessment-2?f_ri=17590"},{"id":626837,"name":"Endocrine Disruptors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endocrine_Disruptors-1?f_ri=17590"},{"id":666927,"name":"Toxicity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity_Tests?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1630999,"name":"Toxicity Testing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity_Testing?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1759332,"name":"Sexual reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexual_reproduction?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16982590" data-work_id="16982590" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16982590/Fate_of_pharmaceuticals_in_contaminated_urban_wastewater_effluent_under_ultrasonic_irradiation">Fate of pharmaceuticals in contaminated urban wastewater effluent under ultrasonic irradiation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The application of sonolysis (US) for remediation of wastewater is an area of increasing interest. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ultrasonic (US) process on the degradation of pharmaceuticals (diclofenac (DCF), amoxicillin... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16982590" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The application of sonolysis (US) for remediation of wastewater is an area of increasing interest. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ultrasonic (US) process on the degradation of pharmaceuticals (diclofenac (DCF), amoxicillin (AMX), carbamazepine (CBZ)) in single solutions and also in three mixtures spiked in urban wastewater effluent. Several operating conditions, such as power density (25-100 W L(-1)), initial substrate concentrations (2.5-10 mg L(-1)), initial solution pH (3-11), and air sparging were varied for the evaluation and understanding of the process. The degradation (as assessed by measuring UV absorbance), the generation of hydroxyl radicals (as assessed measuring H(2)O(2) concentration), the mineralization (in terms of TOC and COD removal), and the aerobic biodegradability (as assessed by the BOD(5)/COD ratio) were monitored during sonication. Ecotoxicity to Daphnia magna, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Lepidium sativum before and after treatment was also evaluated. It was found that the pharmaceuticals conversion is enhanced at increased applied power densities, acidic conditions and in the presence of dissolved air. The reaction rate increases with increasing initial concentration of single pharmaceuticals but it remains constant in the mixtures, indicating different kinetic regimes (i.e. first and zero order respectively). Mineralization is a slow process as reaction by-products are more stable than pharmaceuticals to total oxidation; nonetheless, they are also more readily biodegradable. The toxicity of the wastewater samples before and after contamination with pharmaceuticals both in mixtures and in single substance-containing solutions was observed more severely on P. subcapitata; a fact that raises concerns in regards to the discharge of such effluents. D. magna displayed less sensitivity compared to P. subcapitata because it belongs in a lower taxonomic species than D. magna. The germination index of L. sativum in the presence of the drugs&amp;#39; mixture was stimulated instead of inducing any toxicity effect and this might be attributed to the fact the sample, laden with very low drug concentrations was able to act as a provider of additional nutrient elements.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16982590" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="647ca4ba9afa90fa996a8e83cea620e6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42364243,"asset_id":16982590,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42364243/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32905548" href="https://unina.academia.edu/MarcoGuida">Marco Guida</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32905548" type="text/json">{"id":32905548,"first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Guida","domain_name":"unina","page_name":"MarcoGuida","display_name":"Marco Guida","profile_url":"https://unina.academia.edu/MarcoGuida?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16982590 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16982590"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16982590, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16982590", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_16982590 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16982590; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_16982590"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16982590 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16982590"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16982590; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16982590]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16982590").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16982590").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16982590"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2215" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water">Water</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2215" type="text/json">{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4749" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catalysis">Catalysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4749" type="text/json">{"id":4749,"name":"Catalysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catalysis?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4987" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics">Kinetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4987" type="text/json">{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17590" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia">Daphnia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17590" type="text/json">{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16982590]'), work: {"id":16982590,"title":"Fate of pharmaceuticals in contaminated urban wastewater effluent under ultrasonic irradiation","created_at":"2015-10-19T01:14:37.692-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16982590/Fate_of_pharmaceuticals_in_contaminated_urban_wastewater_effluent_under_ultrasonic_irradiation?f_ri=17590","dom_id":"work_16982590","summary":"The application of sonolysis (US) for remediation of wastewater is an area of increasing interest. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ultrasonic (US) process on the degradation of pharmaceuticals (diclofenac (DCF), amoxicillin (AMX), carbamazepine (CBZ)) in single solutions and also in three mixtures spiked in urban wastewater effluent. Several operating conditions, such as power density (25-100 W L(-1)), initial substrate concentrations (2.5-10 mg L(-1)), initial solution pH (3-11), and air sparging were varied for the evaluation and understanding of the process. The degradation (as assessed by measuring UV absorbance), the generation of hydroxyl radicals (as assessed measuring H(2)O(2) concentration), the mineralization (in terms of TOC and COD removal), and the aerobic biodegradability (as assessed by the BOD(5)/COD ratio) were monitored during sonication. Ecotoxicity to Daphnia magna, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Lepidium sativum before and after treatment was also evaluated. It was found that the pharmaceuticals conversion is enhanced at increased applied power densities, acidic conditions and in the presence of dissolved air. The reaction rate increases with increasing initial concentration of single pharmaceuticals but it remains constant in the mixtures, indicating different kinetic regimes (i.e. first and zero order respectively). Mineralization is a slow process as reaction by-products are more stable than pharmaceuticals to total oxidation; nonetheless, they are also more readily biodegradable. The toxicity of the wastewater samples before and after contamination with pharmaceuticals both in mixtures and in single substance-containing solutions was observed more severely on P. subcapitata; a fact that raises concerns in regards to the discharge of such effluents. D. magna displayed less sensitivity compared to P. subcapitata because it belongs in a lower taxonomic species than D. magna. The germination index of L. sativum in the presence of the drugs\u0026amp;#39; mixture was stimulated instead of inducing any toxicity effect and this might be attributed to the fact the sample, laden with very low drug concentrations was able to act as a provider of additional nutrient elements.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42364243,"asset_id":16982590,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32905548,"first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Guida","domain_name":"unina","page_name":"MarcoGuida","display_name":"Marco Guida","profile_url":"https://unina.academia.edu/MarcoGuida?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":4749,"name":"Catalysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catalysis?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=17590"},{"id":54259,"name":"Cities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cities?f_ri=17590"},{"id":118812,"name":"Ultrasonics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrasonics?f_ri=17590"},{"id":274826,"name":"Hydrogen Peroxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen_Peroxide?f_ri=17590"},{"id":347244,"name":"Tidal power density","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tidal_power_density?f_ri=17590"},{"id":382466,"name":"Carbamazepine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbamazepine?f_ri=17590"},{"id":382521,"name":"Amoxicillin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amoxicillin?f_ri=17590"},{"id":477865,"name":"Operant Conditioning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Operant_Conditioning?f_ri=17590"},{"id":569980,"name":"Diclofenac","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diclofenac?f_ri=17590"},{"id":616230,"name":"Daphnia Magna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia_Magna?f_ri=17590"},{"id":778709,"name":"Reaction Rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reaction_Rate?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1014763,"name":"Chlorophyta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chlorophyta?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1137254,"name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen-Ion_Concentration?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1724993,"name":"Lepidium sativum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lepidium_sativum?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32698411" data-work_id="32698411" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32698411/Development_of_a_Daphnia_Magna_Dna_Microarray_for_Evaluating_the_Toxicity_of_Environmental_Chemicals">Development of a Daphnia Magna Dna Microarray for Evaluating the Toxicity of Environmental Chemicals</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Toxic chemical contaminants have a variety of detrimental effects on various species, and the impact of pollutants on ecosystems has become an urgent issue. However, the majority of studies regarding the effects of chemical contaminants... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32698411" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Toxic chemical contaminants have a variety of detrimental effects on various species, and the impact of pollutants on ecosystems has become an urgent issue. However, the majority of studies regarding the effects of chemical contaminants have focused on vertebrates. Among aquatic organisms, Daphnia magna has been used extensively to evaluate organism-and populationlevel responses of invertebrates to pollutants in acute toxicity or reproductive toxicity tests. Although these types of tests can provide information concerning hazardous concentrations of chemicals, they provide no information about their mode of action. Recent advances in molecular genetic techniques have provided tools to better understand the responses of aquatic organisms to pollutants. In the present study, we adapted some of the techniques of molecular genetics to develop new tools, which form the basis for an ecotoxicogenomic assessment of D. magna. Based on a Daphnia expressed sequence tag database, we developed an oligonucleotidebased DNA microarray with high reproducibility. The DNA microarray was used to evaluate gene expression profiles of neonatal daphnids exposed to several different chemicals: Copper sulfate, hydrogen peroxide, pentachlorophenol, or ␤-naphthoflavone. Exposure to these chemicals resulted in characteristic patterns of gene expression that were chemical-specific, indicating that the Daphnia DNA microarray can be used for classification of toxic chemicals and for development of a mechanistic understanding of chemical toxicity on a common freshwater organism.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32698411" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="559331b7d1ac1ac140a83c3d569a04da" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52861481,"asset_id":32698411,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52861481/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="63601345" href="https://ehime-u.academia.edu/NorihisaTatarazako">Norihisa Tatarazako</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="63601345" type="text/json">{"id":63601345,"first_name":"Norihisa","last_name":"Tatarazako","domain_name":"ehime-u","page_name":"NorihisaTatarazako","display_name":"Norihisa Tatarazako","profile_url":"https://ehime-u.academia.edu/NorihisaTatarazako?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32698411 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32698411"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32698411, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32698411", }); 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However, the majority of studies regarding the effects of chemical contaminants have focused on vertebrates. Among aquatic organisms, Daphnia magna has been used extensively to evaluate organism-and populationlevel responses of invertebrates to pollutants in acute toxicity or reproductive toxicity tests. Although these types of tests can provide information concerning hazardous concentrations of chemicals, they provide no information about their mode of action. Recent advances in molecular genetic techniques have provided tools to better understand the responses of aquatic organisms to pollutants. In the present study, we adapted some of the techniques of molecular genetics to develop new tools, which form the basis for an ecotoxicogenomic assessment of D. magna. Based on a Daphnia expressed sequence tag database, we developed an oligonucleotidebased DNA microarray with high reproducibility. The DNA microarray was used to evaluate gene expression profiles of neonatal daphnids exposed to several different chemicals: Copper sulfate, hydrogen peroxide, pentachlorophenol, or ␤-naphthoflavone. Exposure to these chemicals resulted in characteristic patterns of gene expression that were chemical-specific, indicating that the Daphnia DNA microarray can be used for classification of toxic chemicals and for development of a mechanistic understanding of chemical toxicity on a common freshwater organism.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52861481,"asset_id":32698411,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":63601345,"first_name":"Norihisa","last_name":"Tatarazako","domain_name":"ehime-u","page_name":"NorihisaTatarazako","display_name":"Norihisa Tatarazako","profile_url":"https://ehime-u.academia.edu/NorihisaTatarazako?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":17158,"name":"Japan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japan?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":17590,"name":"Daphnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":42080,"name":"Toxicogenomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicogenomics?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=17590","nofollow":true},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=17590"},{"id":81369,"name":"Expressed Sequence Tags","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Expressed_Sequence_Tags?f_ri=17590"},{"id":131237,"name":"Cluster Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cluster_Analysis?f_ri=17590"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=17590"},{"id":274826,"name":"Hydrogen Peroxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen_Peroxide?f_ri=17590"},{"id":439435,"name":"Fresh water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fresh_water?f_ri=17590"},{"id":616230,"name":"Daphnia Magna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daphnia_Magna?f_ri=17590"},{"id":736321,"name":"Environmental Pollutants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollutants?f_ri=17590"},{"id":882010,"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Toxicology_and_Chemistry?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1133132,"name":"Environmental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1279098,"name":"Copper sulfate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copper_sulfate?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1810445,"name":"Gene expression profiling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression_profiling?f_ri=17590"},{"id":1909087,"name":"PENTACHLOROPHENOL","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PENTACHLOROPHENOL?f_ri=17590"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26219271" data-work_id="26219271" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26219271/Evaluation_of_Acute_Toxicity_and_Genotoxicity_of_Liquid_Products_from_Pyrolysis_of_Eucalyptus_grandis_Wood">Evaluation of Acute Toxicity and Genotoxicity of Liquid Products from Pyrolysis of Eucalyptus grandis Wood</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Slow pyrolysis of Eucalyptus grandis wood was performed in an oven laboratory, and smoke was trapped and condensed to yield liquid products. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phenolic fractions were isolated from the former... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26219271" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Slow pyrolysis of Eucalyptus grandis wood was performed in an oven laboratory, and smoke was trapped and condensed to yield liquid products. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phenolic fractions were isolated from the former liquid products using adsorption column chromatography (ACC) and identified by GC/MS. Concentrations of PAH and phenolic fractions in total pyrolysis liquids were respectively 48.9 µg/g and 8.59% (w/w). Acute toxicity of total samples of pyrolysis liquids and the phenolic fraction was evaluated by means of two bioassays, namely, 24-h immobilization bioassay with Daphnia magna and Microtox bioassays, the latter employing the luminescent bacteria Photobacterium phosphoreum. Total pyrolysis liquids and the PAH fraction were evaluated for genotoxicity by the Microtox bioassay conducted using rehydrated freeze-dried dark mutant of the luminescent bacteria Vibrio fisheri strain M169. Total pyrolysis liquids and the phenolic fraction, respectively, in concentrations of 170 and 68 mg/L were able to immobilize 50% (EC 50 ) of the D. magna population following 24-h exposure. Concentrations of 19 and 6 mg/L, respectively, for total pyrolysis liquids and phenolic fraction were the effective concentrations that resulted in a 50% (EC 50 ) reduction in light produced by bacteria in the Microtox bioassay. Accordingly, the Microtox bioassay was more sensitive to toxic effects of both kind of samples than the D. magna bioassay, particularly for the phenolic fraction. Regarding to the genotoxicity evaluation, the results achieved by Microtox bioassay showed that total pyrolysis liquids had no genotoxic effects with and without exogenous metabolic activation using rat liver homogenate (S9). However, the PAH fraction showed toxic effects with rat liver activation and had a dose-response number (DRN) equal to 1.6, being in this way suspected genotoxic. The lowest detected concentration (LDC) of the PAH fraction able to cause genotoxic effects was 375 µg/L.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26219271" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="03fd33cf32e5aa0e9abe03e0628157df" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46538309,"asset_id":26219271,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46538309/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33595448" href="https://ufrn.academia.edu/AlexandrePimenta">Alexandre Pimenta</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33595448" type="text/json">{"id":33595448,"first_name":"Alexandre","last_name":"Pimenta","domain_name":"ufrn","page_name":"AlexandrePimenta","display_name":"Alexandre Pimenta","profile_url":"https://ufrn.academia.edu/AlexandrePimenta?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26219271 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26219271"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26219271, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26219271", }); 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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phenolic fractions were isolated from the former liquid products using adsorption column chromatography (ACC) and identified by GC/MS. Concentrations of PAH and phenolic fractions in total pyrolysis liquids were respectively 48.9 µg/g and 8.59% (w/w). Acute toxicity of total samples of pyrolysis liquids and the phenolic fraction was evaluated by means of two bioassays, namely, 24-h immobilization bioassay with Daphnia magna and Microtox bioassays, the latter employing the luminescent bacteria Photobacterium phosphoreum. Total pyrolysis liquids and the PAH fraction were evaluated for genotoxicity by the Microtox bioassay conducted using rehydrated freeze-dried dark mutant of the luminescent bacteria Vibrio fisheri strain M169. Total pyrolysis liquids and the phenolic fraction, respectively, in concentrations of 170 and 68 mg/L were able to immobilize 50% (EC 50 ) of the D. magna population following 24-h exposure. Concentrations of 19 and 6 mg/L, respectively, for total pyrolysis liquids and phenolic fraction were the effective concentrations that resulted in a 50% (EC 50 ) reduction in light produced by bacteria in the Microtox bioassay. Accordingly, the Microtox bioassay was more sensitive to toxic effects of both kind of samples than the D. magna bioassay, particularly for the phenolic fraction. Regarding to the genotoxicity evaluation, the results achieved by Microtox bioassay showed that total pyrolysis liquids had no genotoxic effects with and without exogenous metabolic activation using rat liver homogenate (S9). However, the PAH fraction showed toxic effects with rat liver activation and had a dose-response number (DRN) equal to 1.6, being in this way suspected genotoxic. 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Acute toxicity studies with Daphnia magna suggest that the 48h EC(50) (immobilisation) is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14645827" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ibuprofen (IB) is a widely used pharmaceutical that can be found in several freshwater ecosystems. Acute toxicity studies with Daphnia magna suggest that the 48h EC(50) (immobilisation) is 10-100 mgIBl(-1). However, there are currently no chronic IB toxicity data on arthropod populations, and the aquatic life impacts of such analgesic drugs are still undefined. We performed a 14-day exposure of D. magna to IB as a model compound (concentration range: 0, 20, 40 and 80 mgIBl(-1)) measuring chronic effects on life history traits and population performance. Population growth rate was significantly reduced at all IB concentrations, although survival was only affected at 80 mgIBl(-1). Reproduction, however, was affected at lower concentrations of IB (14-day EC(50) of 13.4 mgIBl(-1)), and was completely inhibited at the highest test concentration. The results from this study indicate that the long-term crustacean population consequences of a...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14645827" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d636b7a29a2721300e57e3a0e7891aa0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44010255,"asset_id":14645827,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44010255/download_file?st=MTc0MTA1MzM5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33597139" href="https://reading.academia.edu/RichardSibly">Richard Sibly</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33597139" type="text/json">{"id":33597139,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Sibly","domain_name":"reading","page_name":"RichardSibly","display_name":"Richard Sibly","profile_url":"https://reading.academia.edu/RichardSibly?f_ri=17590","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-14645827">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-14645827"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/RichardConnon">Richard Connon</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-14645827'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-14645827').html(); 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Acute toxicity studies with Daphnia magna suggest that the 48h EC(50) (immobilisation) is 10-100 mgIBl(-1). However, there are currently no chronic IB toxicity data on arthropod populations, and the aquatic life impacts of such analgesic drugs are still undefined. We performed a 14-day exposure of D. magna to IB as a model compound (concentration range: 0, 20, 40 and 80 mgIBl(-1)) measuring chronic effects on life history traits and population performance. Population growth rate was significantly reduced at all IB concentrations, although survival was only affected at 80 mgIBl(-1). Reproduction, however, was affected at lower concentrations of IB (14-day EC(50) of 13.4 mgIBl(-1)), and was completely inhibited at the highest test concentration. 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