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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#线粒体内的级联反应"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>线粒体内的级联反应</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-线粒体内的级联反应-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-胞浆内的级联反应" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#胞浆内的级联反应"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>胞浆内的级联反应</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-胞浆内的级联反应-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">尿素循环</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。40种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="دورة اليوريا – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دورة اليوريا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BB" title="Орнитинов цикъл – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Орнитинов цикъл" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciklus_ureje" title="Ciklus ureje – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ciklus ureje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicle_de_la_urea" title="Cicle de la urea – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cicle de la urea" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C4%8Dovinov%C3%BD_cyklus" title="Močovinový cyklus – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Močovinový cyklus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harnstoffzyklus" title="Harnstoffzyklus – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Harnstoffzyklus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8D%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Κύκλος της ουρίας – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κύκλος της ουρίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urea_cycle" title="Urea cycle – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Urea cycle" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urea_ciklo" title="Urea ciklo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Urea ciklo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclo_de_la_urea" title="Ciclo de la urea – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciclo de la urea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87" title="چرخه اوره – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چرخه اوره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureakierto" title="Ureakierto – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ureakierto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycle_de_l%27ur%C3%A9e" title="Cycle de l'urée – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cycle de l'urée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclo_da_urea" title="Ciclo da urea – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ciclo da urea" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%94" title="מעגל האוריאה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מעגל האוריאה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciklus_ureje" title="Ciklus ureje – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ciklus ureje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbamidciklus" title="Karbamidciklus – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Karbamidciklus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclo_dell%27urea" title="Ciclo dell'urea – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ciclo dell'urea" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%9B%9E%E8%B7%AF" title="尿素回路 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="尿素回路" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%94%EC%86%8C_%ED%9A%8C%EB%A1%9C" title="요소 회로 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="요소 회로" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclus_ureae" title="Cyclus ureae – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cyclus ureae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0" title="Циклус на уреа – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Циклус на уреа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitaran_urea" title="Kitaran urea – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kitaran urea" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureumcyclus" title="Ureumcyclus – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ureumcyclus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureasyklus" title="Ureasyklus – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ureasyklus" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cykl_ornitynowy" title="Cykl ornitynowy – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cykl ornitynowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclo_da_ureia" title="Ciclo da ureia – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ciclo da ureia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclul_ureei" title="Ciclul ureei – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ciclul ureei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Цикл мочевины – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цикл мочевины" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciklus_ureje" title="Ciklus ureje – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ciklus ureje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C4%8Dovinov%C3%BD_cyklus" title="Močovinový cyklus – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Močovinový cyklus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciklus_se%C4%8Dnine" title="Ciklus sečnine – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ciklus sečnine" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Циклус уреје – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Циклус уреје" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureacykeln" title="Ureacykeln – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ureacykeln" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="யூரியா சுழற்சி – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யூரியா சுழற்சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="วัฏจักรยูเรีย – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วัฏจักรยูเรีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cre_d%C3%B6ng%C3%BCs%C3%BC" title="Üre döngüsü – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Üre döngüsü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Цикл сечовини – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цикл сечовини" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu_tr%C3%ACnh_ure" title="Chu trình ure – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chu trình ure" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urea_cycle" title="Urea cycle – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Urea cycle" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q595994#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF&oldid=82981562" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF&id=82981562&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%25B0%25BF%25E7%25B4%25A0%25E5%25BE%25AA%25E7%258E%25AF"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%25B0%25BF%25E7%25B4%25A0%25E5%25BE%25AA%25E7%258E%25AF"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Urea_cycle" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q595994" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" 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.ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2022年2月13日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF%22">"尿素循环"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF%22">图像</a></span>），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="noteTA-110febba" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Lifesciences"></div></div></div> <p><b>尿素循环</b>（<span lang="en">urea cycle</span>），也称<b>鳥氨酸循环</b>（<span lang="en">ornithine cycle</span>）是许多<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E7%B1%BB%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="哺乳类动物">哺乳类动物</a>的一个<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="生物化学">生物化学</a>反应过程，由<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8" title="氨">氨</a>（NH<sub>3</sub>）生成<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0" title="尿素">尿素</a>（(<sub></sub>NH2<sub></sub>)<sub>2</sub><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">C</a><sub></sub><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">O</a><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub>）。尿素循环将高毒性<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8" title="氨">氨</a>转化为<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0" title="尿素">尿素</a>排泄<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。这是人们第一个发现的代谢循环（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF" title="汉斯·阿道夫·克雷布斯">汉斯·克雷布斯</a>（<span lang="en">Hans Krebs</span>）和<span lang="en">Kurt Henseleit</span>于1932年发现），比<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%BE%A7%E9%85%B8%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" title="三羧酸循环">三羧酸循环</a>的发现还早五年。 </p><p>尿素循环学说是1932年，由<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF" title="汉斯·阿道夫·克雷布斯">汉斯·克雷布斯</a>等人通过鼠肝切片体外试验结果提出的。後來为赖特纳等人完善。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="哺乳动物">哺乳动物</a>中，尿素循环主要发生在<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E8%84%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="肝脏">肝脏</a>中，而小範圍发生在<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BE%E8%84%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="肾脏">肾脏</a>中。但在<a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%9F" title="鸟">鸟</a>类和陆生<a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%A5%E8%9C%B4" title="蜥蜴">蜥蜴</a>中，转换得出的产物却是<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E9%85%B8" title="尿酸">尿酸</a>。鱼类并不需要转换氨，它们的身体直接与水接触，通过简单的扩散即可实现氨的清除。 </p><p>尿素的生成场所是<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="肝細胞">肝细胞</a>（<span lang="en">hepatocyte</span>）。循环一部分发生在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BF%E7%B2%92%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="线粒体">线粒体</a>內，另一部分发生在<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E8%B3%AA" title="細胞質">細胞質</a>内，因此过程中需要<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AC%E8%BF%90" title="转运">转运</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="功能"><span id=".E5.8A.9F.E8.83.BD"></span>功能</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：功能"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>生物通常不能迅速方便的除去<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8" title="氨">氨</a>，必須將其轉換為一些其他物質，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0" title="尿素">尿素</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E9%85%B8" title="尿酸">尿酸</a>，它們毒性更小。尿素循环反应将含<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">氮</a>的代谢产物，主要是將毒性較強的氨，转为較為無害的尿素或尿酸，前者会通过<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="肾">肾</a>随<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E6%B6%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="尿液">尿液</a>排出。尿素循环的不足发生在某些<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E6%80%A7%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" class="mw-redirect" title="遗传性疾病">遗传性疾病</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E6%80%A7%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2%E7%BC%BA%E9%99%B7" title="遗传性代谢缺陷">遗传性代谢缺陷</a>），并且发生在<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E8%A1%B0%E7%AB%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="肝功能衰竭">肝功能衰竭</a>。肝功能衰竭的结果是含氮废物，主要是氨的积累，从而导致<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E6%80%A7%E8%84%91%E7%97%85" title="肝性脑病">肝性脑病</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="反应"><span id=".E5.8F.8D.E5.BA.94"></span>反应</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：反应"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>尿素循环包含五个反应：2个在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BF%E7%B2%92%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="线粒体">线粒体</a>中，3个在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E8%B4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="细胞质">细胞质</a>中。循環轉換兩個氨基（分别來自氨和天冬胺酸）和一個来自HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>的碳原子，消耗四個“高能”磷酸鍵（3ATP水解成2ADP和1AMP），產生相對無毒的代谢產物尿素经尿排出体外。 </p><p>鳥氨酸是這些碳和氮原子的載體。 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>尿素循环的反应 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>步骤</th> <th>反应物</th> <th>产物</th> <th>催化酶</th> <th>场所 </th></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <td>NH<sub>3</sub> + HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> + 2<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7" title="三磷酸腺苷">ATP</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A8%E7%94%B2%E9%85%B0%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氨甲酰磷酸（页面不存在）">氨甲酰磷酸</a> + 2<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7" title="二磷酸腺苷">ADP</a> + P<sub>i</sub></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbamoyl_phosphate_synthetase_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I（页面不存在）">CPS1</a></td> <td>线粒体 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A8%E7%94%B2%E9%85%B0%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氨甲酰磷酸（页面不存在）">氨甲酰磷酸</a> + <a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%9F%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="鸟氨酸">鸟氨酸</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="瓜氨酸">瓜氨酸</a> + P<sub>i</sub></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ornithine_transcarbamylase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ornithine transcarbamylase（页面不存在）">OTC</a></td> <td>线粒体 </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="瓜氨酸">瓜氨酸</a> + <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%86%AC%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="天冬氨酸">天冬氨酸</a> + <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7" title="三磷酸腺苷">ATP</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E7%90%A5%E7%8F%80%E9%85%B8" title="精氨基琥珀酸">精氨基琥珀酸</a> + <a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7" title="單磷酸腺苷">AMP</a> + <a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90" title="焦磷酸盐">PP<sub>i</sub></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E7%90%A5%E7%8F%80%E9%85%B8%E5%90%88%E9%85%B6" title="精氨基琥珀酸合酶">ASS</a></td> <td>细胞质 </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E7%90%A5%E7%8F%80%E9%85%B8" title="精氨基琥珀酸">精氨基琥珀酸</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="精氨酸">Arg</a> + <a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E8%83%A1%E7%B4%A2%E9%85%B8" title="延胡索酸">延胡索酸</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E7%90%A5%E7%8F%80%E9%85%B8%E8%A3%82%E8%A7%A3%E9%85%B6" title="精氨基琥珀酸裂解酶">ASL</a></td> <td>细胞质 </td></tr> <tr> <th>5 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="精氨酸">精氨酸</a> + H<sub>2</sub>O</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%9F%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="鸟氨酸">鸟氨酸</a> + <a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0" title="尿素">尿素</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8%E9%85%B6" title="精氨酸酶">ARG1</a></td> <td>细胞质 </td></tr></tbody></table> <blockquote> <dl><dd><dl><dd><b>尿素循环反应</b></dd></dl></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Urea_cycle_(zh-cn).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Urea_cycle_%28zh-cn%29.svg/480px-Urea_cycle_%28zh-cn%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="480" height="725" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Urea_cycle_%28zh-cn%29.svg/720px-Urea_cycle_%28zh-cn%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Urea_cycle_%28zh-cn%29.svg/960px-Urea_cycle_%28zh-cn%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="936" /></a><figcaption>尿素循环，循环一部分发生在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BF%E7%B2%92%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="线粒体">线粒体</a>內，另一部分发生在<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E8%B3%AA" title="細胞質">細胞質</a>内。</figcaption></figure> </blockquote> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <p>因此，尿素循環的總方程式為： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8" title="氨">NH<sub>3</sub></a> + <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳">CO<sub>2</sub></a> + <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%86%AC%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="天冬氨酸">天冬氨酸</a> + 3 <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7" title="三磷酸腺苷">ATP</a> + 2 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Water&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Water（页面不存在）">H<sub>2</sub>O</a> → <a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0" title="尿素">尿素</a> + <a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E8%83%A1%E7%B4%A2%E9%85%B8" title="延胡索酸">延胡索酸</a> + 2 <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7" title="二磷酸腺苷">ADP</a> + 2 <a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90" class="mw-redirect" title="磷酸盐">P<sub>i</sub></a> + <a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7" title="單磷酸腺苷">AMP</a> + <a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90" title="焦磷酸盐">PP<sub>i</sub></a></li></ul> <p>因為延胡索（fumarate）是通過從天冬氨酸（aspartate）除去NH<sub>3</sub>（by means of reactions 3 and 4）, 而且 PP<sub>i</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O → 2 P<sub>i</sub>，方程式可如下簡化： </p> <ul><li>2 <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8" title="氨">NH<sub>3</sub></a> + <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳">CO<sub>2</sub></a> + 3 <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7" title="三磷酸腺苷">ATP</a> + <a href="/w/index.php?title=Water&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Water（页面不存在）">H<sub>2</sub>O</a> → <a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0" title="尿素">尿素</a> + 2 <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7" title="二磷酸腺苷">ADP</a> + 4 <a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90" class="mw-redirect" title="磷酸盐">P<sub>i</sub></a> + <a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7" title="單磷酸腺苷">AMP</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="线粒体内的级联反应"><span id=".E7.BA.BF.E7.B2.92.E4.BD.93.E5.86.85.E7.9A.84.E7.BA.A7.E8.81.94.E5.8F.8D.E5.BA.94"></span>线粒体内的级联反应</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：线粒体内的级联反应"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border-collapse:collapse;" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td>CPS I反应（通过<i>氨基甲酰磷酸合成酶I</i>催化）: <ol><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8%E6%B0%A2%E7%9B%90" title="碳酸氢盐">碳酸氢盐</a>会被<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E5%8C%96" title="磷酸化">磷酸化</a>成为羧基磷酸，这也是它的激活过程（第一个消耗<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7" title="三磷酸腺苷">三磷酸腺苷</a>反应）</li> <li>羧基磷酸的磷酸基团分离後，氨基会加入，产物是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E7%94%B2%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氨基甲酸盐（页面不存在）">氨基甲酸盐</a>。</li> <li>氨基甲酸盐会被磷酸化激活（第二个消耗ATP反应）。</li></ol> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>产物是氨基甲酰磷酸，它将作为循环胞浆部分的原料。但线粒体膜上并不存在将它运输到胞浆的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E9%81%8B%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="轉運蛋白">转运蛋白</a>，所以氨基甲酰磷酸会通过<a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%9F%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="鸟氨酸">鸟氨酸</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="瓜氨酸">瓜氨酸</a>的转化，达到离开线粒体到达胞浆的目的。 </p><p>这两种氨基酸都是非蛋白质alpha-L-氨基酸。两者的区别正是一个氨基甲酸残基。氨基甲酰磷酸脱磷酸候会被转到鸟氨酸上，产物是瓜氨酸。催化的酶是<i>氨甲酰基转移酶</i>（Ornithin-Carbamoyl-Transferase）。 </p><p>瓜氨酸会通过<i>瓜氨酸转移酶</i>到达胞浆。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="胞浆内的级联反应"><span id=".E8.83.9E.E6.B5.86.E5.86.85.E7.9A.84.E7.BA.A7.E8.81.94.E5.8F.8D.E5.BA.94"></span>胞浆内的级联反应</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：胞浆内的级联反应"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="瓜氨酸">瓜氨酸</a>在胞浆会与<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%86%AC%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="天冬氨酸">天冬氨酸</a>反应生成<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E7%90%A5%E7%8F%80%E9%85%B8" title="精氨基琥珀酸">精氨基琥珀酸</a>，催化的酶是<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E7%90%A5%E7%8F%80%E9%85%B8%E5%90%88%E9%85%B6" title="精氨基琥珀酸合酶">精氨基琥珀酸合酶</a>，反应消耗ATP。 </p><p>精氨基琥珀酸分解成为<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E8%83%A1%E7%B4%A2%E9%85%B8" title="延胡索酸">延胡索酸</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="精氨酸">精氨酸</a>，催化的酶是<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E7%90%A5%E7%8F%80%E9%85%B8%E8%A3%82%E8%A7%A3%E9%85%B6" title="精氨基琥珀酸裂解酶">精氨基琥珀酸裂解酶</a>。 </p><p>在最後一步反应中，<i>精氨酸酶</i>催化精氨酸到鸟氨酸的反应。反应中消耗一分子水。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">M., Cox, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/901647690">Lehninger principles of biochemistry</a>. Freeman. 2013-01-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-07-02</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781429234146" title="Special:网络书源/9781429234146"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9781429234146</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/901647690"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 901647690</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200526125249/https://www.worldcat.org/title/lehninger-principles-of-biochemistry/oclc/901647690">存档</a>于2020-05-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF&rft.aufirst=Cox%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=M.&rft.btitle=Lehninger+principles+of+biochemistry&rft.date=2013-01-01&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781429234146&rft.pub=Freeman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F901647690&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F901647690&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060502025820/http://www2.ufp.pt/~pedros/bq/urea.htm">The chemical logic behind the urea cycle（engl.）</a></li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E8%82%8C%E9%86%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="磷酸肌醇（页面不存在）">磷酸肌醇</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_212x122" style="position:absolute; left:212px; top:122px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E7%B3%96" title="氨基糖">氨基糖</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_257x122" style="position:absolute; left:257px; top:122px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B8%E7%B3%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="核苷酸糖（页面不存在）">核苷酸糖</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_367x107" style="position:absolute; left:367px; top:107px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%B3%96-6-%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8" title="葡萄糖-6-磷酸">磷酸己糖</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_312x182" style="position:absolute; left:312px; top:182px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E6%B2%B9%E9%86%9B3-%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8" title="甘油醛3-磷酸">磷酸丙糖</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_311x241" style="position:absolute; left:311px; top:241px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E6%B2%B9" title="甘油">甘油</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_363x235" style="position:absolute; left:363px; top:235px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E7%94%98%E6%B2%B9%E9%85%B8" title="磷酸甘油酸">磷酸<br />甘油酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_429x110" style="position:absolute; left:429px; top:110px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96-5-%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8" title="核糖-5-磷酸">磷酸戊糖</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_470x190" style="position:absolute; left:470px; top:190px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E8%97%93%E7%B3%96-4-%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8" title="赤藓糖-4-磷酸">磷酸丁糖</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_410x440" style="position:absolute; left:410px; top:440px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E9%85%B0%E8%BE%85%E9%85%B6A" title="丙酰辅酶A">丙醯輔酶A</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_323x500" style="position:absolute; left:323px; top:500px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%9B%E9%85%B8" title="乙醛酸">乙醛酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_323x515" style="position:absolute; left:323px; top:515px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%A5%E7%8F%80%E9%85%B8" title="琥珀酸">琥珀酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_443x495" style="position:absolute; left:443px; top:495px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%AF%E8%BC%94%E9%85%B6A" class="mw-redirect" title="乙醯輔酶A">乙醯<br />輔酶A</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_607x490" style="position:absolute; left:607px; top:490px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%9B" title="乙醛">乙醛</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_607x543" style="position:absolute; left:607px; top:543px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87" title="乙醇">乙醇</a></span></div> <p><br /> </p> <div id="annotation_159x155" style="position:absolute; left:159px; top:155px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%AE%E7%B3%96-1,5-%E4%BA%8C%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8" title="核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸">磷酸戊糖</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_227x211" style="position:absolute; left:227px; top:211px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/3-%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E7%94%98%E6%B2%B9%E9%85%B8" title="3-磷酸甘油酸">3-磷酸甘油酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_98x180" style="position:absolute; left:98px; top:180px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%9B%E9%85%B8" title="乙醛酸">乙醛酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_78x152" style="position:absolute; left:78px; top:152px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="光系統">光系統</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_362x337" style="position:absolute; left:362px; top:337px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E9%85%AE%E9%85%B8" title="丙酮酸">丙酮酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_419x307" style="position:absolute; left:419px; top:307px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8" title="乳酸">乳酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_330x377" style="position:absolute; left:330px; top:377px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%AF%E8%BC%94%E9%85%B6A" class="mw-redirect" title="乙醯輔酶A">乙醯<br />輔酶A</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_299x379" style="position:absolute; left:299px; top:379px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%B8%E6%AA%AC%E9%85%B8" title="檸檬酸">檸檬酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_272x303" style="position:absolute; left:272px; top:303px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E9%85%B0%E4%B9%99%E9%85%B8" title="草酰乙酸">草醯<br />乙酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_204x310" style="position:absolute; left:204px; top:310px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="蘋果酸">蘋果酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_205x405" style="position:absolute; left:205px; top:405px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%A5%E7%8F%80%E9%85%B0%E8%BE%85%E9%85%B6A" title="琥珀酰辅酶A">琥珀醯<br />輔酶A</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_281x391" style="position:absolute; left:281px; top:391px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91-%E9%85%AE%E6%88%8A%E4%BA%8C%E9%85%B8" title="Α-酮戊二酸">α-酮戊二酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_349x475" style="position:absolute; left:349px; top:475px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%AE%E4%BD%93" title="酮体">酮體</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_70x364" style="position:absolute; left:70px; top:364px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%82%B3%E9%81%9E%E9%8F%88" title="電子傳遞鏈">電子傳遞鏈</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_384x267" style="position:absolute; left:384px; top:267px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B2%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="絲氨酸">絲氨酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_395x290" style="position:absolute; left:395px; top:290px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="丙氨酸">丙氨酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_415x345" style="position:absolute; left:415px; top:345px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%AF%E9%93%BE%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8" title="支链氨基酸">支鏈<br />氨基酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_250x266" style="position:absolute; left:250px; top:266px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%86%AC%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="天冬氨酸">天冬氨酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_131x393" style="position:absolute; left:131px; top:393px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E7%90%A5%E7%8F%80%E9%85%B8" title="精氨基琥珀酸">精氨基</a>/</span></div> <div id="annotation_159x393" style="position:absolute; left:159px; top:393px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B8%E5%9F%BA%E7%90%A5%E7%8F%80%E9%85%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="腺苷酸基琥珀酸（页面不存在）">腺苷酸基<br />琥珀酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_314x261" style="position:absolute; left:314px; top:261px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E4%B8%9D%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="高丝氨酸">高絲氨酸</a><br />& <a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%B4%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="賴氨酸">賴氨酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_279x451" style="position:absolute; left:279px; top:451px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%80%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="穀氨酸">穀氨酸</a><br />& <a href="/wiki/%E8%84%AF%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="脯氨酸">脯氨酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_109x467" style="position:absolute; left:109px; top:467px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="精氨酸">精氨酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_157x467" style="position:absolute; left:157px; top:467px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%A5%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="鳥氨酸">鳥氨酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_55x469" style="position:absolute; left:55px; top:469px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E9%85%B8" title="肌酸">肌酸</a><br />& <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%83%BA" title="多胺">多胺</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_415x385" style="position:absolute; left:415px; top:385px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E9%85%AE%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8" title="生酮氨基酸">生酮</a> &<br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%B3%96%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8" title="生糖氨基酸">生糖<br />氨基酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_543x82" style="position:absolute; left:543px; top:82px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8" title="氨基酸">氨基酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_523x190" style="position:absolute; left:523px; top:190px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%BD%E8%8D%89%E9%85%B8" title="莽草酸">莽草酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_632x165" style="position:absolute; left:632px; top:165px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B3%E9%A6%99%E6%97%8F%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8" title="芳香族氨基酸">芳香族氨基酸</a><br />& <a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%84%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="組氨酸">組氨酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_158x39" style="position:absolute; left:158px; top:39px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E5%9D%8F%E8%A1%80%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="抗坏血酸">抗壞血酸</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0C" class="mw-redirect" title="維生素C">維生素C</a>)</span></div> <div id="annotation_275x488" style="position:absolute; left:275px; top:488px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%94-%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E4%B9%99%E9%86%AF%E4%B8%99%E9%85%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Δ-氨基乙醯丙酸（页面不存在）">δ-氨基<br />乙醯丙酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_160x522" style="position:absolute; left:160px; top:522px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%BD%E8%89%B2%E7%B4%A0" title="膽色素">膽色素</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_210x522" style="position:absolute; left:210px; top:522px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E5%9F%BA%E8%B3%AA" title="血基質">血基質</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_233x587" style="position:absolute; left:233px; top:587px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0B12" class="mw-redirect" title="維生素B12">維生素B12</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_437x47" style="position:absolute; left:437px; top:47px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0B" class="mw-redirect" title="維生素B">部分<br />維生素B</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_624x307" style="position:absolute; left:624px; top:307px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0D" class="mw-redirect" title="維生素D">維生素D</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_725x235" style="position:absolute; left:725px; top:235px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E9%BB%83%E9%86%87" class="mw-redirect" title="視黃醇">視黃醇</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0A" title="維生素A">維生素A</a>)</span></div> <div id="annotation_590x193" style="position:absolute; left:590px; top:193px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%8C" title="醌">醌</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0K" class="mw-redirect" title="維生素K">維生素K</a>)<br />& <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E8%82%B2%E9%85%9A" title="生育酚">生育酚</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0E" class="mw-redirect" title="維生素E">E</a>)</span></div> <div id="annotation_670x141" style="position:absolute; left:670px; top:141px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%94%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="輔因子">輔因子</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_745x135" style="position:absolute; left:745px; top:135px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="維生素">維生素</a><br />& <a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" title="金属蛋白">金屬蛋白</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_725x186" style="position:absolute; left:725px; top:186px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E5%8A%91" class="mw-redirect" title="抗氧化劑">抗氧化劑</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_14x412" style="position:absolute; left:14px; top:412px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%80%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B0%E8%83%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="穀氨酰胺">穀氨<br />醯胺</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_14x448" style="position:absolute; left:14px; top:448px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%80%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="穀氨酸">穀氨酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_78x398" style="position:absolute; left:78px; top:398px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E6%B8%85%E9%85%B8" title="乳清酸">乳清酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_44x445" style="position:absolute; left:44px; top:445px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/AMP" class="mw-redirect" title="AMP">AMP</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_515x120" style="position:absolute; left:515px; top:120px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E7%84%A6%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8" title="磷酸核糖焦磷酸">PRPP</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_567x135" style="position:absolute; left:567px; top:135px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B8" title="核苷酸">核苷酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_616x141" style="position:absolute; left:616px; top:141px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="核酸">核酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_669x88" style="position:absolute; left:669px; top:88px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="蛋白質">蛋白質</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_710x85" style="position:absolute; left:710px; top:85px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%A3%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" title="醣蛋白">醣蛋白</a><br />& <a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%81%9A%E7%B3%96" title="蛋白聚糖">蛋白聚醣</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_290x522" style="position:absolute; left:290px; top:522px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%89%E7%B6%A0%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="葉綠素">葉綠素</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_375x205" style="position:absolute; left:375px; top:205px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E8%B5%A4%E8%98%9A%E9%86%87%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="甲基赤蘚醇磷酸（页面不存在）">甲基赤藓醇磷酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_408x246" style="position:absolute; left:408px; top:246px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E7%BE%9F%E6%88%8A%E9%85%B8" title="甲羟戊酸">甲羥戊酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_422x259" style="position:absolute; left:422px; top:259px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%AF%E8%BC%94%E9%85%B6A" class="mw-redirect" title="乙醯輔酶A">乙醯<br />輔酶A</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_442x330" style="position:absolute; left:442px; top:330px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E9%85%AE" title="聚酮">聚酮</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_551x228" style="position:absolute; left:551px; top:228px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%82%E6%88%8A%E7%83%AF%E5%9F%BA%E7%84%A6%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8" title="异戊烯基焦磷酸">IPP</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_648x235" style="position:absolute; left:648px; top:235px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%9E%E8%90%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="類萜">類萜</a> &<br /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%9E%E8%83%A1%E8%98%BF%E8%94%94%E7%B4%A0" title="類胡蘿蔔素">類胡蘿蔔素</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0A" title="維生素A">A</a>)</span></div> <div id="annotation_648x287" style="position:absolute; left:648px; top:287px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%BD%E5%9B%BA%E9%86%87" title="膽固醇">膽固醇</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_722x287" style="position:absolute; left:722px; top:287px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%86%E6%B1%81%E9%85%B8" title="胆汁酸">膽汁酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_645x340" style="position:absolute; left:645px; top:340px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E6%B2%B9%E7%A3%B7%E8%84%82" title="甘油磷脂">甘油磷脂</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_626x398" style="position:absolute; left:626px; top:398px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E6%B2%B9%E9%85%AF" title="甘油酯">甘油酯</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_635x422" style="position:absolute; left:635px; top:422px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%84%82%E9%86%AF-%E8%BC%94%E9%85%B6A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="脂醯-輔酶A（页面不存在）">脂醯<br />輔酶A</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_642x520" style="position:absolute; left:642px; top:520px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA%E9%85%B8" title="脂肪酸">脂肪酸</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_720x355" style="position:absolute; left:720px; top:355px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9E%98%E7%B3%96%E8%84%82" title="鞘糖脂">鞘糖脂</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_720x400" style="position:absolute; left:720px; top:400px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9E%98%E8%84%82" title="鞘脂">鞘脂</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_720x440" style="position:absolute; left:720px; top:440px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A0%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="蠟">蠟</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_691x499" style="position:absolute; left:691px; top:499px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E4%B8%8D%E9%A3%BD%E5%92%8C%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA%E9%85%B8" title="多不飽和脂肪酸">多不飽和<br />脂肪酸 </a></span></div> <div id="annotation_480x47" style="position:absolute; left:480px; top:47px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E9%81%9E%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="神經遞質">神經遞質</a><br />& <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E7%8A%B6%E8%85%BA%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0" title="甲状腺激素">甲狀腺激素</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_704x307" style="position:absolute; left:704px; top:307px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%BE%E4%BD%93" title="甾体">類固醇</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_597x340" style="position:absolute; left:597px; top:340px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%BA%BB%E7%B4%A0" title="大麻素">大麻素</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_739x465" style="position:absolute; left:739px; top:465px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%BB%E8%8A%B1%E7%94%9F%E9%85%B8" title="类花生酸">類花生酸</a></span></div> </div> <div style="visibility:hidden"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Metabolic_Interactions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Metabolic_Interactions.svg/800px-Metabolic_Interactions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="800" height="602" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Metabolic_Interactions.svg/1200px-Metabolic_Interactions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Metabolic_Interactions.svg/1600px-Metabolic_Interactions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1262" data-file-height="949" /></a></span></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Metabolic_Interactions.svg" title="File:Metabolic Interactions.svg"> </a></div><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Metabolic_single_line.svg/15px-Metabolic_single_line.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Metabolic_single_line.svg/23px-Metabolic_single_line.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Metabolic_single_line.svg/30px-Metabolic_single_line.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="36" /></span></span> 實線路徑/<span class="skin-invert" style="color: #999999;">灰色</span>標籤：人類與大部分<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="真核生物">真核生物</a>共有的代謝途徑/<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%8C%BA%E5%AE%A4" title="细胞区室">細胞區室</a></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Metabolic_double_line.svg/15px-Metabolic_double_line.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Metabolic_double_line.svg/23px-Metabolic_double_line.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Metabolic_double_line.svg/30px-Metabolic_double_line.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="36" /></span></span> 空心路徑/<span class="skin-invert" style="color: #6ca632;">綠色</span>標籤：人類以外部分真核生物擁有的代謝途徑/細胞區室</span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Metabolic_metro_orange.svg/15px-Metabolic_metro_orange.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Metabolic_metro_orange.svg/23px-Metabolic_metro_orange.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Metabolic_metro_orange.svg/30px-Metabolic_metro_orange.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="34" /></span></span> 橙色：<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%96%E9%85%B5%E8%A7%A3" title="糖酵解">醣類代謝</a></span> <span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Metabolic_metro_green.svg/15px-Metabolic_metro_green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Metabolic_metro_green.svg/23px-Metabolic_metro_green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Metabolic_metro_green.svg/30px-Metabolic_metro_green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="34" /></span></span> 綠色：<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA%E9%85%B8%E4%BB%A3%E8%AC%9D" title="脂肪酸代謝">脂肪酸代謝</a></span> <span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Metabolic_metro_blue.svg/15px-Metabolic_metro_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Metabolic_metro_blue.svg/23px-Metabolic_metro_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Metabolic_metro_blue.svg/30px-Metabolic_metro_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="34" /></span></span> 藍色：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="氨基酸合成">氨基酸代謝</a></span> <span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Metabolic_metro_brown.svg/15px-Metabolic_metro_brown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Metabolic_metro_brown.svg/23px-Metabolic_metro_brown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Metabolic_metro_brown.svg/30px-Metabolic_metro_brown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="34" /></span></span> 啡色：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B8" title="核苷酸">核苷酸</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="蛋白質">蛋白質</a>代謝</span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Metabolic_metro_purple.svg/15px-Metabolic_metro_purple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Metabolic_metro_purple.svg/23px-Metabolic_metro_purple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Metabolic_metro_purple.svg/30px-Metabolic_metro_purple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="34" /></span></span> 紫色：<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="光合作用">光合作用</a></span> <span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Metabolic_metro_red.svg/15px-Metabolic_metro_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Metabolic_metro_red.svg/23px-Metabolic_metro_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Metabolic_metro_red.svg/30px-Metabolic_metro_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="34" /></span></span> 紅色：<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="呼吸作用">呼吸作用</a></span> <span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Metabolic_metro_pink.svg/15px-Metabolic_metro_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Metabolic_metro_pink.svg/23px-Metabolic_metro_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Metabolic_metro_pink.svg/30px-Metabolic_metro_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="34" /></span></span> 粉色：<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%82%B3%E9%81%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="細胞信息傳遞">細胞信號傳遞</a></span> <span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Metabolic_metro_grey.svg/15px-Metabolic_metro_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Metabolic_metro_grey.svg/23px-Metabolic_metro_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Metabolic_metro_grey.svg/30px-Metabolic_metro_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="34" /></span></span> 灰色：<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%BB%96%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="維他命">維他命</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%94%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="輔因子">輔因子</a>代謝</span></div> </div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="尿素循环代谢途径" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" title="Template:尿素循环"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:尿素循环（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:尿素循环"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="尿素循环代谢途径" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">尿素循环</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2%E9%80%94%E5%BE%84" class="mw-redirect" title="代谢途径">代谢途径</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table class="wraplinks" style="width:100%; font-size:77%;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table border="0" style="font-size: 100%" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgreen" align="center"><small>L</small>-<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="瓜氨酸">瓜氨酸</a> </td> <td> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgreen" align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A8%E7%94%B2%E9%85%B0%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氨甲酰磷酸（页面不存在）">氨甲酰磷酸</a> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgreen" align="center"><small>L</small>-<a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%9F%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="鸟氨酸">鸟氨酸</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="3" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Citrulline.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Citrulline.png/100px-Citrulline.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Citrulline.png/150px-Citrulline.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Citrulline.png/200px-Citrulline.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="244" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center">磷酸 </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carbamoylphosphat_deprotoniert.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Carbamoylphosphat_deprotoniert.svg/65px-Carbamoylphosphat_deprotoniert.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Carbamoylphosphat_deprotoniert.svg/98px-Carbamoylphosphat_deprotoniert.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Carbamoylphosphat_deprotoniert.svg/130px-Carbamoylphosphat_deprotoniert.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="197" data-file-height="117" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="3" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:L-Ornithin2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/L-Ornithin2.svg/85px-L-Ornithin2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/L-Ornithin2.svg/128px-L-Ornithin2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/L-Ornithin2.svg/170px-L-Ornithin2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="266" data-file-height="121" /></a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_YYNN_horiz_med.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_YYNN_horiz_med.svg/65px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_YYNN_horiz_med.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_YYNN_horiz_med.svg/98px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_YYNN_horiz_med.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_YYNN_horiz_med.svg/130px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_YYNN_horiz_med.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="75" /></a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="lightgreen" align="center"><small>L</small>-<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%86%AC%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="天冬氨酸">天冬氨酸</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgreen" align="center"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0" title="尿素">尿素</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:L-Asparagins%C3%A4ure_-_L-Aspartic_acid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/L-Asparagins%C3%A4ure_-_L-Aspartic_acid.svg/75px-L-Asparagins%C3%A4ure_-_L-Aspartic_acid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/L-Asparagins%C3%A4ure_-_L-Aspartic_acid.svg/113px-L-Asparagins%C3%A4ure_-_L-Aspartic_acid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/L-Asparagins%C3%A4ure_-_L-Aspartic_acid.svg/150px-L-Asparagins%C3%A4ure_-_L-Aspartic_acid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="205" data-file-height="121" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><b>+</b> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7%E4%B8%89%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="腺苷三磷酸">腺苷三磷酸</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_YNNY_vert_med.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_YNNY_vert_med.svg/65px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_YNNY_vert_med.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_YNNY_vert_med.svg/98px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_YNNY_vert_med.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_YNNY_vert_med.svg/130px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_YNNY_vert_med.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="75" /></a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="2" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NYYN_vert_med.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NYYN_vert_med.svg/65px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NYYN_vert_med.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NYYN_vert_med.svg/98px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NYYN_vert_med.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NYYN_vert_med.svg/130px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NYYN_vert_med.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="75" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Urea_Structural_Formula_V2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Urea_Structural_Formula_V2.svg/55px-Urea_Structural_Formula_V2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Urea_Structural_Formula_V2.svg/83px-Urea_Structural_Formula_V2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Urea_Structural_Formula_V2.svg/110px-Urea_Structural_Formula_V2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="114" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">焦磷酸 </td> <td align="center"><b>+</b> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7%E4%B8%80%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="腺苷一磷酸">腺苷一磷酸</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="center">水 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="3" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Argininosuccinic_acid.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Argininosuccinic_acid.png/100px-Argininosuccinic_acid.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Argininosuccinic_acid.png/150px-Argininosuccinic_acid.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Argininosuccinic_acid.png/200px-Argininosuccinic_acid.png 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="550" /></a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="3" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:L-Arginin_-_L-Arginine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/L-Arginin_-_L-Arginine.svg/100px-L-Arginin_-_L-Arginine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/L-Arginin_-_L-Arginine.svg/150px-L-Arginin_-_L-Arginine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/L-Arginin_-_L-Arginine.svg/200px-L-Arginin_-_L-Arginine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="121" /></a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_NNYN_horiz_med.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_NNYN_horiz_med.svg/65px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_NNYN_horiz_med.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_NNYN_horiz_med.svg/98px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_NNYN_horiz_med.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_NNYN_horiz_med.svg/130px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_NNYN_horiz_med.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="75" /></a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fumaric_acid_wpmp.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Fumaric_acid_wpmp.png/50px-Fumaric_acid_wpmp.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Fumaric_acid_wpmp.png 1.5x" data-file-width="72" data-file-height="119" /></a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgreen" align="center"><small>L</small>-<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E7%90%A5%E7%8F%80%E9%85%B8" title="精氨基琥珀酸">精氨基琥珀酸</a> </td> <td> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgreen" align="center"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E8%83%A1%E7%B4%A2%E9%85%B8" title="延胡索酸">延胡索酸</a> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgreen" align="center"><small>L</small>-<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="精氨酸">精氨酸</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="center" colspan="4"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="代谢：氨基酸代谢_·_尿素循环酶类" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF%E9%85%B6%E7%B1%BB" title="Template:尿素循环酶类"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF%E9%85%B6%E7%B1%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:尿素循环酶类（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF%E9%85%B6%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:尿素循环酶类"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="代谢：氨基酸代谢_·_尿素循环酶类" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2" title="代谢">代谢</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2" title="蛋白质代谢">氨基酸代谢</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">尿素循环</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B6" title="酶">酶</a>类</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">主体循环</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BF%E7%B2%92%E4%BD%93%E5%9F%BA%E8%B4%A8" title="线粒体基质">线粒体基质</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A8%E7%94%B2%E9%85%B0%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E9%85%B6%E2%85%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氨甲酰磷酸合成酶Ⅰ（页面不存在）">氨甲酰磷酸合成酶Ⅰ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%B8%9F%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8%E8%BD%AC%E6%B0%A8%E7%94%B2%E9%85%B0%E9%85%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鸟氨酸转氨甲酰酶（页面不存在）">鸟氨酸转氨甲酰酶</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E8%B4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="细胞质">细胞质</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 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