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Знаки. Знаковые системы, коммуникация. Ч. 1. Базовые понятия. Эволюционная теория происхождения языка (Foundations of Semiotics. Signs. Sign Systems. Communication. Draft). Изд-во "Спорт и культура-2000". 2002. 464 стр.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Вводятся базовые понятия семиотики: понятие коммуникативного акта, понятие знака и понятие знаковой системы. Знак определяется как разновидность цепочки моделей объекта. Подробно рассматривается структура простой знаковой системы -... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1906653" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Вводятся базовые понятия семиотики: понятие коммуникативного акта, понятие знака и понятие знаковой системы. Знак определяется как разновидность цепочки моделей объекта. Подробно рассматривается структура простой знаковой системы - шлагбаума, на примере которой показывается, как работают введенные базовые семиотические понятия, в том числе синхроническое и диахроническое описания объекта. Во второй главе ставятся проблемы описания эволюции знаковых систем, намечаются этапы усложнения коммуникативных систем, строится эволюционная теория происхождения языка</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1906653" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b330c0bb90533a9a66b93e45d7cd6f6a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66043130,"asset_id":1906653,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66043130/download_file?st=MTczMzE5OTYyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="672477" href="https://iling-ran.academia.edu/BarulinAlexander">Alexander Barulin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="672477" type="text/json">{"id":672477,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Barulin","domain_name":"iling-ran","page_name":"BarulinAlexander","display_name":"Alexander Barulin","profile_url":"https://iling-ran.academia.edu/BarulinAlexander?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/672477/794815/33826422/s65_alexander.barulin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1906653 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1906653"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1906653, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1906653", }); 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href="https://www.academia.edu/35836328/Review_Kroonenberg_Salomon_2014_De_binnenplaats_van_Babel_Het_raadsel_van_de_spraakverwarring_Amsterdam_Antwerpen_Atlas_Contact">Review: Kroonenberg, Salomon (2014): De binnenplaats van Babel. Het raadsel van de spraakverwarring, Amsterdam/Antwerpen: Atlas Contact</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Het raadsel van de spraakverwarring is een eeuwenoude, maar nog steeds actuele kwestie, die veel mensen proberen op te lossen en waardoor veel mensen geïntrigeerd raken. Waarom spreken we wereldwijd niet gewoon één taal? Hoeveel talen... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35836328" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Het raadsel van de spraakverwarring is een eeuwenoude, maar nog steeds actuele kwestie, die veel mensen proberen op te lossen en waardoor veel mensen geïntrigeerd raken. Waarom spreken we wereldwijd niet gewoon één taal? Hoeveel talen zijn er überhaupt ter wereld? 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Het raadsel van de spraakverwarring, Amsterdam/Antwerpen: Atlas Contact","created_at":"2018-02-04T10:22:15.512-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35836328/Review_Kroonenberg_Salomon_2014_De_binnenplaats_van_Babel_Het_raadsel_van_de_spraakverwarring_Amsterdam_Antwerpen_Atlas_Contact?f_ri=49558","dom_id":"work_35836328","summary":"Het raadsel van de spraakverwarring is een eeuwenoude, maar nog steeds actuele kwestie, die veel mensen proberen op te lossen en waardoor veel mensen geïntrigeerd raken. Waarom spreken we wereldwijd niet gewoon één taal? Hoeveel talen zijn er überhaupt ter wereld? Waarom verschillen ze van elkaar en welke overeenkomsten zijn er daartussen?","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55714139,"asset_id":35836328,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38263877,"first_name":"Jacek","last_name":"Karpinski","domain_name":"wroc","page_name":"JacekKarpinski","display_name":"Jacek Karpinski","profile_url":"https://wroc.academia.edu/JacekKarpinski?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38263877/21813488/21109324/s65_jacek.karpinski.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":6642,"name":"Language Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Evolution?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":31090,"name":"Language evolution and development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_evolution_and_development?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":49558,"name":"Evolution of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Language?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":230478,"name":"Tower of Babel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tower_of_Babel?f_ri=49558"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26000025" data-work_id="26000025" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26000025/_Qu%C3%A9_relaci%C3%B3n_hay_entre_el_cambio_ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstico_y_la_evoluci%C3%B3n_del_lenguaje">¿Qué relación hay entre el cambio lingüístico y la evolución del lenguaje?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26000025" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="04d511f8f3ab6b6db2ae3335098970c9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46350615,"asset_id":26000025,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46350615/download_file?st=MTczMzE5OTYyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="707529" href="https://unizar.academia.edu/MendivilJoseLuis">Jose-Luis Mendivil-Giro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="707529" type="text/json">{"id":707529,"first_name":"Jose-Luis","last_name":"Mendivil-Giro","domain_name":"unizar","page_name":"MendivilJoseLuis","display_name":"Jose-Luis Mendivil-Giro","profile_url":"https://unizar.academia.edu/MendivilJoseLuis?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/707529/241555/9548575/s65_jose-luis.mendivil-giro.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26000025 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26000025"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26000025, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26000025", }); 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Phonemes are perceived as the smallest building... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73585048" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Generally, sound symbolism has been regarded as a marginal linguistic ocurrence because (traditional/structuralist) linguistic theory presupposes arbitrary link between sound and meaning. Phonemes are perceived as the smallest building blocks of language structure whose value comes from (distinctive) relations with other phonemes. These abstract units do not posses nor carry their own meaning, but trough their distribution they make differences in meaning of more complex language units (e.g. morphemes, words). In contrast, sound symbolism presupposes direct, motivated link between sound (consequently grapheme) and meaning, which is the case with onomatopoeic expressions or imitatives. Led by communicative practice and observation of Croatian online vernacular, we have decided to approach this problem from pragmalinguistic perspective. Starting from everyday language-use, in the context of computer-mediated communication (chat analysis), we have noticed employment of large numbers of imitative expressions with various communicative functions (not exclusively poetic). Main objective of this paper is to point out the importance of a language process (sound symbolism) that has a potential of logically connecting two different systems of human communication and expression (language and music) and shed light on developmental, evolutionary and context-sensitive features of signing activities.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73585048" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8032aac697418fd2819bcb8a1d084cff" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82050268,"asset_id":73585048,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82050268/download_file?st=MTczMzE5OTYyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2577907" href="https://uniri.academia.edu/JanaJur%C4%8Devi%C4%87">Jana M . Jurčević</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2577907" type="text/json">{"id":2577907,"first_name":"Jana","last_name":"Jurčević","domain_name":"uniri","page_name":"JanaJurčević","display_name":"Jana M . Jurčević","profile_url":"https://uniri.academia.edu/JanaJur%C4%8Devi%C4%87?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2577907/808039/16483432/s65_jana.atra.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73585048 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73585048"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73585048, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73585048", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_73585048 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73585048; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_73585048"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_73585048 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73585048"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73585048; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73585048]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73585048").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73585048").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73585048"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="94" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse_Analysis">Discourse Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="94" type="text/json">{"id":94,"name":"Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse_Analysis?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="98" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiotics">Semiotics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="98" type="text/json">{"id":98,"name":"Semiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiotics?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2238" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pragmatics">Pragmatics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2238" type="text/json">{"id":2238,"name":"Pragmatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pragmatics?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30946" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer-Mediated_Communication_CMC_">Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="30946" type="text/json">{"id":30946,"name":"Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer-Mediated_Communication_CMC_?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73585048]'), work: {"id":73585048,"title":"Sound Symbolism of Contemporary Communication: Croatian Imitative Expressions in Computer-Mediated Discourse","created_at":"2022-03-12T01:00:26.724-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73585048/Sound_Symbolism_of_Contemporary_Communication_Croatian_Imitative_Expressions_in_Computer_Mediated_Discourse?f_ri=49558","dom_id":"work_73585048","summary":"Generally, sound symbolism has been regarded as a marginal linguistic ocurrence because (traditional/structuralist) linguistic theory presupposes arbitrary link between sound and meaning. Phonemes are perceived as the smallest building blocks of language structure whose value comes from (distinctive) relations with other phonemes. These abstract units do not posses nor carry their own meaning, but trough their distribution they make differences in meaning of more complex language units (e.g. morphemes, words). In contrast, sound symbolism presupposes direct, motivated link between sound (consequently grapheme) and meaning, which is the case with onomatopoeic expressions or imitatives. Led by communicative practice and observation of Croatian online vernacular, we have decided to approach this problem from pragmalinguistic perspective. Starting from everyday language-use, in the context of computer-mediated communication (chat analysis), we have noticed employment of large numbers of imitative expressions with various communicative functions (not exclusively poetic). Main objective of this paper is to point out the importance of a language process (sound symbolism) that has a potential of logically connecting two different systems of human communication and expression (language and music) and shed light on developmental, evolutionary and context-sensitive features of signing activities.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82050268,"asset_id":73585048,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2577907,"first_name":"Jana","last_name":"Jurčević","domain_name":"uniri","page_name":"JanaJurčević","display_name":"Jana M . Jurčević","profile_url":"https://uniri.academia.edu/JanaJur%C4%8Devi%C4%87?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2577907/808039/16483432/s65_jana.atra.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":94,"name":"Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse_Analysis?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":98,"name":"Semiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiotics?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":2238,"name":"Pragmatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pragmatics?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":30946,"name":"Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer-Mediated_Communication_CMC_?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":49558,"name":"Evolution of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Language?f_ri=49558"},{"id":76703,"name":"Sound symbolism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sound_symbolism?f_ri=49558"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19650382" data-work_id="19650382" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19650382/Mentum_osseum_Analysis_of_the_evolutionary_hypotheses_for_the_ontogeny_and_phylogeny_of_the_human_chin">Mentum osseum: Analysis of the evolutionary hypotheses for the ontogeny and phylogeny of the human chin</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This overview paper presents the leading theories which attempt to explain the emergence of one of the prominent features specific to our species – the protruding chin. Established theories discussing this phenomenon include the effect of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19650382" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This overview paper presents the leading theories which attempt to explain the emergence of one of the prominent features specific to our species – the protruding chin. Established theories discussing this phenomenon include the effect of masticatory stress theory, a sexual selection theory and theories relating the human chin to the emergence of spoken language. However, these explanations have proved inconclusive and the processes responsible for the emergence of mentum osseum in the Late Pleistocene remain unclear.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19650382" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5e66d9834ee50094be70ee4693fa1f46" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45348474,"asset_id":19650382,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45348474/download_file?st=MTczMzE5OTYyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8028104" href="https://uc-pt.academia.edu/DanielaCunha">Daniela Cunha</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8028104" type="text/json">{"id":8028104,"first_name":"Daniela","last_name":"Cunha","domain_name":"uc-pt","page_name":"DanielaCunha","display_name":"Daniela Cunha","profile_url":"https://uc-pt.academia.edu/DanielaCunha?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8028104/3764026/10577883/s65_daniela.cunha.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19650382 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19650382"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19650382, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19650382", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19650382 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19650382; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_19650382"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19650382 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19650382"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19650382; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19650382]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19650382").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19650382").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19650382"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="144" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Anatomy_Biology_">Human Anatomy (Biology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="144" type="text/json">{"id":144,"name":"Human Anatomy (Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Anatomy_Biology_?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="768" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Anthropology">Biological Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="768" type="text/json">{"id":768,"name":"Biological Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Anthropology?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7044" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexual_Selection">Sexual Selection</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7044" type="text/json">{"id":7044,"name":"Sexual Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexual_Selection?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="36372" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Masticatory_Biomechanics">Masticatory Biomechanics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="36372" type="text/json">{"id":36372,"name":"Masticatory Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Masticatory_Biomechanics?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19650382]'), work: {"id":19650382,"title":"Mentum osseum: Analysis of the evolutionary hypotheses for the ontogeny and phylogeny of the human chin","created_at":"2015-12-14T07:44:47.331-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19650382/Mentum_osseum_Analysis_of_the_evolutionary_hypotheses_for_the_ontogeny_and_phylogeny_of_the_human_chin?f_ri=49558","dom_id":"work_19650382","summary":"This overview paper presents the leading theories which attempt to explain the emergence of one of the prominent features specific to our species – the protruding chin. Established theories discussing this phenomenon include the effect of masticatory stress theory, a sexual selection theory and theories relating the human chin to the emergence of spoken language. However, these explanations have proved inconclusive and the processes responsible for the emergence of mentum osseum in the Late Pleistocene remain unclear.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45348474,"asset_id":19650382,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8028104,"first_name":"Daniela","last_name":"Cunha","domain_name":"uc-pt","page_name":"DanielaCunha","display_name":"Daniela Cunha","profile_url":"https://uc-pt.academia.edu/DanielaCunha?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8028104/3764026/10577883/s65_daniela.cunha.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":144,"name":"Human Anatomy (Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Anatomy_Biology_?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":768,"name":"Biological Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Anthropology?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":7044,"name":"Sexual Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexual_Selection?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":36372,"name":"Masticatory Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Masticatory_Biomechanics?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":49558,"name":"Evolution of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Language?f_ri=49558"},{"id":290465,"name":"Origins and evolution of language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_and_evolution_of_language?f_ri=49558"},{"id":1009260,"name":"Human Skeletal Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Skeletal_Biology?f_ri=49558"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_597562" data-work_id="597562" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/597562/Origins_and_evolution_of_language_and_speech">Origins and evolution of language and speech.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/597562" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ea5979f3bbbda7c9aae6b851a50e5e17" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51343236,"asset_id":597562,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen 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Harnad","profile_url":"https://uqam.academia.edu/StevanHarnad?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/413543/130637/150508/s65_stevan.harnad.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_597562 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="597562"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 597562, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_597562", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_597562 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 597562; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_597562"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_597562 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="597562"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 597562; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=597562]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_597562").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_597562").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="597562"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=597562]'), work: {"id":597562,"title":"Origins and evolution of language and 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class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">McKenna, D. (2022, January). Psychedelics and evolution: The stoned ape theory . Invited talk for the Psychedelicacies Salon at the Viktor Wynd's Museum of Curiosities & Last Tuesday Society (online), 30th January. Hosted and curated by... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71487552" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">McKenna, D. (2022, January). Psychedelics and evolution: The stoned ape theory . Invited talk for the Psychedelicacies Salon at the Viktor Wynd's Museum of Curiosities & Last Tuesday Society (online), 30th January. Hosted and curated by David Luke & Maya Bracknell Watson. <br /> <br /><a href="https://www.thelasttuesdaysociety.org/event/dennis-mckenna-on-psychedelics-and-evolution-the-stoned-ape-theory/" rel="nofollow">https://www.thelasttuesdaysociety.org/event/dennis-mckenna-on-psychedelics-and-evolution-the-stoned-ape-theory/</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71487552" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="584649" href="https://gre.academia.edu/DavidLuke">David Luke</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="584649" type="text/json">{"id":584649,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Luke","domain_name":"gre","page_name":"DavidLuke","display_name":"David Luke","profile_url":"https://gre.academia.edu/DavidLuke?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/584649/207171/5782015/s65_david.luke.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71487552 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71487552"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71487552, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71487552", }); 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evolution of language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_and_evolution_of_language?f_ri=49558"},{"id":951143,"name":"Archeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeology?f_ri=49558"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11887282" data-work_id="11887282" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11887282/Shoes_that_Fit_like_a_Glove_The_Visceral_Roots_of_Human_Cognition">Shoes that Fit like a Glove: The Visceral Roots of Human Cognition</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Vibram's FiveFingers shoes may provide clues to the bodily origins of double-scope conceptual blending, one of the pillars of contemporary cognitive linguistics.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11887282" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ac1672098ce4b97349fc33b0db067652" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37306853,"asset_id":11887282,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37306853/download_file?st=MTczMzE5OTYyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i 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u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="98" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiotics">Semiotics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="98" type="text/json">{"id":98,"name":"Semiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiotics?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="236" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Psychology">Cognitive Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="236" type="text/json">{"id":236,"name":"Cognitive Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Psychology?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a 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data-work_id="41476735" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41476735/The_Contextual_Meanings_of_the_Preposition_k%E1%BD%B2%CB%90_in_the_Sukhothai_Period20191231_86573_1f4jzko_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%8D%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81_%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2">The Contextual Meanings of the Preposition /kὲː/ in the Sukhothai Period20191231 86573 1f4jzko ความหมายตามปริบทของคำบุพบท แก่ ในสมัยสุโขทัย</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The objective of this article is to investigate the contextual meanings of the preposition /kὲː/ in the Sukhothai period within the cognitive semantics approach. The 61 data were collected from the book “The Inscription Collection Vol. 8:... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41476735" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The objective of this article is to investigate the contextual meanings of the preposition /kὲː/ in the Sukhothai period within the cognitive semantics approach. The 61 data were collected from the book “The Inscription Collection Vol. 8: the Sukhothai Stone Inscriptions,” published by the Fine Arts Department in 2005. It is found that the preposition /kὲː/ in the Sukhothai period had 8 different contextual meanings. That is to say, the preposition was used to indicate 1) GOAL: abstract entity, 2) GOAL: emotional target 3) GOAL: transfer source 4) RECIPIENT (of things) 5) ADDRESSEE 6) POSSESSION: interpersonal relationships 7) RECIPINENT (of action) and 8) RECIPIENT (of attention) These 8 conceptual meanings had a shared conceptual meaning of ALLATIVE or GOAL marking. The results of this study indicated that the preposition /kὲː/ in the Sukhothai period is a polysemous word; and the contexts in which it occurred are a contributing factor for its polysemous quality.<br /><br />บทความเรื่องนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาความหมายตามปริบทของคำบุพบท แก่ ในสมัยสุโขทัยตามแนวอรรถศาสตร์ปริชาน โดยเก็บข้อมูลจาก“ประชุมจารึก ภาคที่8จารึกสุโขทัย”ของกรมศิลปากร พ.ศ.2548 รวมจำนวนการปรากฏ 61 แห่ง ผลการศึกษาพบว่าความหมายตามปริบทของคำ บุพบท แก่ ในสมัยสุโขทัยมีจำนวนทั้งสิ้น 8 ความหมาย ได้แก่1) ‘บ่งชี้จุดหมายนามธรรม’ 2) ‘บ่งชี้จุดหมายของความรู้สึก’ 3) ‘บ่งชี้จุดหมายของการรับเอามา’ 4) ‘บ่งชี้ผู้รับสิ่งของ’ 5) ‘บ่งชี้ผู้รับสาร’ 6) ‘บ่งชี้ผู้รับความสัมพันธ์’ 7) ‘บ่งชี้ผู้รับเหตุการณ์’ และ 8) ‘บ่งชี้ผู้รับความสำคัญ’ ทั้งนี้ความหมายตามปริบททุกความหมายสามารถเชื่อมโยงความสัมพันธ์เป็นมโนทัศน์เดียวกันได้คือ ‘บ่งชี้หมุดหมาย’ ผลการศึกษาชี้ให้เห็นว่าคำ บุพบท แก่ในสมัยสุโขทัยจัดเป็นคำ หลายความหมายโดยปัจจัยที่เอื้อให้คำ บุพบท แก่ เป็นคำ หลายความหมาย คือ “ปริบท” ที่คำ บุพบท แก่ ปรากฏร่วม</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41476735" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="06c2b44a342b40c67d4117502f03f9d8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61649197,"asset_id":41476735,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61649197/download_file?st=MTczMzE5OTYyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13033540" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SuphachaiTawichai">Suphachai Tawichai</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13033540" type="text/json">{"id":13033540,"first_name":"Suphachai","last_name":"Tawichai","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SuphachaiTawichai","display_name":"Suphachai Tawichai","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SuphachaiTawichai?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13033540/3709738/4347322/s65_suphachai.tawichai.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41476735 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41476735"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41476735, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41476735", }); 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The 61 data were collected from the book “The Inscription Collection Vol. 8: the Sukhothai Stone Inscriptions,” published by the Fine Arts Department in 2005. It is found that the preposition /kὲː/ in the Sukhothai period had 8 different contextual meanings. That is to say, the preposition was used to indicate 1) GOAL: abstract entity, 2) GOAL: emotional target 3) GOAL: transfer source 4) RECIPIENT (of things) 5) ADDRESSEE 6) POSSESSION: interpersonal relationships 7) RECIPINENT (of action) and 8) RECIPIENT (of attention) These 8 conceptual meanings had a shared conceptual meaning of ALLATIVE or GOAL marking. The results of this study indicated that the preposition /kὲː/ in the Sukhothai period is a polysemous word; and the contexts in which it occurred are a contributing factor for its polysemous quality.\n\nบทความเรื่องนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาความหมายตามปริบทของคำบุพบท แก่ ในสมัยสุโขทัยตามแนวอรรถศาสตร์ปริชาน โดยเก็บข้อมูลจาก“ประชุมจารึก ภาคที่8จารึกสุโขทัย”ของกรมศิลปากร พ.ศ.2548 รวมจำนวนการปรากฏ 61 แห่ง ผลการศึกษาพบว่าความหมายตามปริบทของคำ บุพบท แก่ ในสมัยสุโขทัยมีจำนวนทั้งสิ้น 8 ความหมาย ได้แก่1) ‘บ่งชี้จุดหมายนามธรรม’ 2) ‘บ่งชี้จุดหมายของความรู้สึก’ 3) ‘บ่งชี้จุดหมายของการรับเอามา’ 4) ‘บ่งชี้ผู้รับสิ่งของ’ 5) ‘บ่งชี้ผู้รับสาร’ 6) ‘บ่งชี้ผู้รับความสัมพันธ์’ 7) ‘บ่งชี้ผู้รับเหตุการณ์’ และ 8) ‘บ่งชี้ผู้รับความสำคัญ’ ทั้งนี้ความหมายตามปริบททุกความหมายสามารถเชื่อมโยงความสัมพันธ์เป็นมโนทัศน์เดียวกันได้คือ ‘บ่งชี้หมุดหมาย’ ผลการศึกษาชี้ให้เห็นว่าคำ บุพบท แก่ในสมัยสุโขทัยจัดเป็นคำ หลายความหมายโดยปัจจัยที่เอื้อให้คำ บุพบท แก่ เป็นคำ หลายความหมาย คือ “ปริบท” ที่คำ บุพบท แก่ ปรากฏร่วม","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61649197,"asset_id":41476735,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13033540,"first_name":"Suphachai","last_name":"Tawichai","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SuphachaiTawichai","display_name":"Suphachai Tawichai","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SuphachaiTawichai?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13033540/3709738/4347322/s65_suphachai.tawichai.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":778,"name":"Diachronic Linguistics (Or Historical Linguistics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diachronic_Linguistics_Or_Historical_Linguistics_?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":2741,"name":"Cognitive Semantics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Semantics?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":13297,"name":"Cognitive Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Linguistics?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":41793,"name":"Language and Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_and_Cognition?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":49558,"name":"Evolution of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Language?f_ri=49558"},{"id":132080,"name":"Thai Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thai_Language?f_ri=49558"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4072954" data-work_id="4072954" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4072954/Review_of_The_Faculty_of_Language_What_Is_It_Who_Has_It_and_How_Did_It_Evolve_by_M_Hauser_N_Chomsky_W_T_Fitch_Gokhan_Dogru">Review of The Faculty of Language What Is It Who Has It and How Did It Evolve by M Hauser N Chomsky W T Fitch Gokhan Dogru</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4072954" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cebc1601fac98db60134f4ec602af047" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31601859,"asset_id":4072954,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31601859/download_file?st=MTczMzE5OTYyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i 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Dogru","created_at":"2013-07-21T00:54:04.911-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4072954/Review_of_The_Faculty_of_Language_What_Is_It_Who_Has_It_and_How_Did_It_Evolve_by_M_Hauser_N_Chomsky_W_T_Fitch_Gokhan_Dogru?f_ri=49558","dom_id":"work_4072954","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31601859,"asset_id":4072954,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1436241,"first_name":"Gökhan","last_name":"Doğru","domain_name":"uab","page_name":"GökhanDoğru","display_name":"Gökhan Doğru","profile_url":"https://uab.academia.edu/G%C3%B6khanDo%C4%9Fru?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1436241/515840/3068195/s65_g_khan.do_ru.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":18981,"name":"Biolinguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biolinguistics?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":49558,"name":"Evolution of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Language?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43956886" data-work_id="43956886" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43956886/The_Evolution_of_Indian_Languages">The Evolution of Indian Languages</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this discourse, Prabhat Rainjan Sarkar (1922-1990), a spiritual teacher (also known as Shrii Shrii Anandamurti) and social philosopher, describes how the languages of India evolved from pre-historic times to the present. P.R. Sarkar... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43956886" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this discourse, Prabhat Rainjan Sarkar (1922-1990), a spiritual teacher (also known as Shrii Shrii Anandamurti) and social philosopher, describes how the languages of India evolved from pre-historic times to the present. P.R. Sarkar had a vast knowledge of languages and their grammars and spoke many languages fluently. I was present in India in 1988 when he gave a demonstration of speaking in an Indian language the way it was spoken about 20,000 years ago. This spoken discourse was given in Kolkata on 25 September 1990. -- Richard Gauthier, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Santa Rosa Junior College, Santa Rosa, California, USA, 13 September, 2020.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43956886" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="df8d02fef0fd3a15e06f3cf97c61c5b7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65283818,"asset_id":43956886,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65283818/download_file?st=MTczMzE5OTYyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5442344" href="https://santarosa.academia.edu/RichardGauthier">Richard Gauthier</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5442344" type="text/json">{"id":5442344,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Gauthier","domain_name":"santarosa","page_name":"RichardGauthier","display_name":"Richard Gauthier","profile_url":"https://santarosa.academia.edu/RichardGauthier?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5442344/2390571/2783333/s65_richard.gauthier.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43956886 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43956886"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43956886, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43956886", }); 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Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Brain?f_ri=49558"},{"id":892890,"name":"Point of View","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Point_of_View?f_ri=49558"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14403643" data-work_id="14403643" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14403643/Language_as_Cognitive_Adaptation_From_Language_Evolution_to_Language_Change">Language as Cognitive Adaptation: From Language Evolution to Language Change</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm 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class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41606499/Essay_Review_of_Richard_Wranghams_The_Goodness_Paradox_">Essay Review of Richard Wrangham's "The Goodness Paradox"</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An essay review of Richard Wrangham's "The Goodness Paradox". I summarize and then evaluate the book’s overall argument. I pay special attention to Wrangham's ideas about connections between human self-domestication and the evolution of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41606499" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An essay review of Richard Wrangham's "The Goodness Paradox". I summarize and then evaluate the book’s overall argument. I pay special attention to Wrangham's ideas about connections between human self-domestication and the evolution of language and cooperation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41606499" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4583cf36758c90d0daeb0491a924662f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61760716,"asset_id":41606499,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61760716/download_file?st=MTczMzE5OTYyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="57097860" href="https://uow.academia.edu/RonaldPlaner">Ronald Planer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="57097860" type="text/json">{"id":57097860,"first_name":"Ronald","last_name":"Planer","domain_name":"uow","page_name":"RonaldPlaner","display_name":"Ronald Planer","profile_url":"https://uow.academia.edu/RonaldPlaner?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57097860/16676870/105220908/s65_ronald.planer.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41606499 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41606499"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41606499, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41606499", }); 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I summarize and then evaluate the book’s overall argument. I pay special attention to Wrangham's ideas about connections between human self-domestication and the evolution of language and cooperation. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61760716,"asset_id":41606499,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":57097860,"first_name":"Ronald","last_name":"Planer","domain_name":"uow","page_name":"RonaldPlaner","display_name":"Ronald Planer","profile_url":"https://uow.academia.edu/RonaldPlaner?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57097860/16676870/105220908/s65_ronald.planer.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":2894,"name":"Evolution of cooperation (Evolutionary Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_cooperation_Evolutionary_Biology_?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":4213,"name":"Evolution of Morality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Morality?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":46070,"name":"Animal domestication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_domestication?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":49558,"name":"Evolution of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Language?f_ri=49558"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42939624 coauthored" data-work_id="42939624" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42939624/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E8%B0%B1%E7%B3%BB%E6%A0%91_%E7%AC%AC%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86_%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E8%AF%AD">语言谱系树, 第第一部分：印欧语</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">COLE TCH, SIEBERT-COLE E, ZHANG M 张梦翰博士 (2020) 语言谱系树, 第第一部分：印欧语 • 汇集了53种印欧语言 • 假设的树形结构来自于语言系统发育分析（主要来自于Rama 2016和Garrett 2018，并做修改） • 当有新的数据可用时，定期更新 • 分支长度不表示实际的时间尺度 • 语言使用人数，国家/地区，以及文字，主要来自于《民族志》（‘'Ethnologue’）第22版，2019 •... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42939624" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">COLE TCH, SIEBERT-COLE E, ZHANG M 张梦翰博士 (2020) 语言谱系树,<br />第第一部分：印欧语 • 汇集了53种印欧语言 • 假设的树形结构来自于语言系统发育分析（主要来自于Rama 2016和Garrett 2018，并做修改）<br />• 当有新的数据可用时，定期更新 • 分支长度不表示实际的时间尺度<br />• 语言使用人数，国家/地区，以及文字，主要来自于《民族志》（‘'Ethnologue’）第22版，2019 • 语言使用人数的图例如下:括号内为母语使用者的人数(所有数字均为近似值/四舍五入) • 大语言（大语言），语系（语系），语组（语组）包含x个具有ISO 639-3编码的语言</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42939624" data-share-source="work_strip" 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itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46542636" href="https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/TheodorCole">Theodor C H Cole</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46542636" type="text/json">{"id":46542636,"first_name":"Theodor","last_name":"Cole","domain_name":"fu-berlin","page_name":"TheodorCole","display_name":"Theodor C H Cole","profile_url":"https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/TheodorCole?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46542636/23253222/22344711/s65_theodor.cole.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-42939624">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-42939624"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/ErikaSiebertCole">Erika Siebert-Cole</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-42939624'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-42939624').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42939624 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42939624"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42939624, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42939624", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_42939624 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 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type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1200" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics">Languages and Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1200" type="text/json">{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10882" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution">Evolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10882" type="text/json">{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42939624]'), work: {"id":42939624,"title":"语言谱系树, 第第一部分：印欧语","created_at":"2020-05-04T08:12:46.115-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42939624/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E8%B0%B1%E7%B3%BB%E6%A0%91_%E7%AC%AC%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86_%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E8%AF%AD?f_ri=49558","dom_id":"work_42939624","summary":"COLE TCH, SIEBERT-COLE E, ZHANG M 张梦翰博士 (2020) 语言谱系树,\n第第一部分：印欧语 • 汇集了53种印欧语言 • 假设的树形结构来自于语言系统发育分析（主要来自于Rama 2016和Garrett 2018，并做修改）\n• 当有新的数据可用时，定期更新 • 分支长度不表示实际的时间尺度\n• 语言使用人数，国家/地区，以及文字，主要来自于《民族志》（‘'Ethnologue’）第22版，2019 • 语言使用人数的图例如下:括号内为母语使用者的人数(所有数字均为近似值/四舍五入) • 大语言（大语言），语系（语系），语组（语组）包含x个具有ISO 639-3编码的语言","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63193274,"asset_id":42939624,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":46542636,"first_name":"Theodor","last_name":"Cole","domain_name":"fu-berlin","page_name":"TheodorCole","display_name":"Theodor C H Cole","profile_url":"https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/TheodorCole?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46542636/23253222/22344711/s65_theodor.cole.jpg"},{"id":149967203,"first_name":"Erika","last_name":"Siebert-Cole","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ErikaSiebertCole","display_name":"Erika Siebert-Cole","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ErikaSiebertCole?f_ri=49558","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":15674,"name":"Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistics?f_ri=49558"},{"id":28384,"name":"Phylogeny/phylogenetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny_phylogenetics?f_ri=49558"},{"id":49558,"name":"Evolution of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Language?f_ri=49558"},{"id":50024,"name":"Language Teaching","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Teaching?f_ri=49558"},{"id":705434,"name":"Phylolinguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylolinguistics?f_ri=49558"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11379518" data-work_id="11379518" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11379518/A_Short_Guide_to_the_Evolution_of_Human_Intelligence_A_Timeline_for_the_Evolution_of_Homo_Sapiens_Over_the_Last_Sixty_Million_Years">A Short Guide to the Evolution of Human Intelligence: A Timeline for the Evolution of Homo Sapiens Over the Last Sixty Million Years</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This teaching aid reviews the major evolutionary landmarks that over the last sixty million years marked the development of intelligence in Homo sapiens. The discussion begins with social primates and charts the adaptations that... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11379518" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This teaching aid reviews the major evolutionary landmarks that over the last sixty million years marked the development of intelligence in Homo sapiens. The discussion begins with social primates and charts the adaptations that ultimately led to the emergence of modern humans including the growth of the brain, increased manual dexterity, and evolution of language. Also considered are adaptations to allow for the digestion of starch, and their impact on early agriculture, the first use of fire and cooking. Discussion includes consideration of the following gene mutations: RNF213 GENE, HAR1 GENE, ARHGAP11B GENE, SLC2A1 GENE, SLC2A4 GENE, HACNS1 GENE, MYH16 GENE, SRGAP2 GENE, FOXP2 GENE, AMY1 GENE <br /> <br />KEYWORDS <br />ARCHAEOLOGY, BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, HUMAN EVOLUTION, EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, LANGUAGE, GENETICS, HOMO SAPIEN, HOMO HABILIS, AUSTRALOPITHECINES, PRIMATES, CHIMPANZEE, GORILLA, GELADA, MOYAMOYA DISEASE, CAROTID ARTERY, HOMININ, WONDERWERK CAVE, SOUTH AFRICA, STARCH DIET, MEAT DIET, RNF213 GENE MUTATIONS, HAR1 GENE, ARHGAP11B GENE, SLC2A1 GENE, SLC2A4 GENE, HACNS1 GENE, MYH16 GENE, SRGAP2 GENE, FOXP2 GENE, AMY1 GENE</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11379518" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="09b8153ce8e92a428407bdebcf90316c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36943391,"asset_id":11379518,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36943391/download_file?st=MTczMzE5OTYyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6711338" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/DavidBarrowclough">David Barrowclough</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6711338" type="text/json">{"id":6711338,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Barrowclough","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"DavidBarrowclough","display_name":"David Barrowclough","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/DavidBarrowclough?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6711338/2637252/48103184/s65_david.barrowclough.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11379518 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11379518"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11379518, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11379518", }); 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itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9648129/LANGUAGE_EVOLVED_FOR_STORYTELLING_IN_A_SUPER_FAST_EVOLUTION">LANGUAGE EVOLVED FOR STORYTELLING IN A SUPER-FAST EVOLUTION</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The problem of language evolution can be split into two questions: What was language selected for? And what possible scenario could allow this adaptation process to occur? This paper addresses only the first question. Our hypothesis is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9648129" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The problem of language evolution can be split into two questions: What was language selected for? And what possible scenario could allow this adaptation process to occur? This paper addresses only the first question. Our hypothesis is that language was initially selected for narration (an utterance that refers to a past action) and only later was used for other purposes. We provide evidence from different fields and perspectives and show that selection for narration is not only suggested by the structure of language itself but also has the potential to solve other unanswered questions: the emergence of episodic memory and the ability to understand others as having beliefs, thoughts, desires, etc. (theory of mind). Furthermore, our hypothesis provides a new perspective on the problem of human altruism. This paper is meant not as a final result, but as a proposal for a provocative working hypothesis (see title) and a prelude to a model that could explain why narration (or storytelling) came under such immense selective pressure.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9648129" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4d843b212c437ece0a24dd484d9a8f07" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35847913,"asset_id":9648129,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35847913/download_file?st=MTczMzE5OTYyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="113453" href="https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/TillNikolausvonHeiseler">Till Nikolaus von Heiseler</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="113453" type="text/json">{"id":113453,"first_name":"Till Nikolaus","last_name":"von Heiseler","domain_name":"fu-berlin","page_name":"TillNikolausvonHeiseler","display_name":"Till Nikolaus von Heiseler","profile_url":"https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/TillNikolausvonHeiseler?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/113453/1786158/9156051/s65_till_nikolaus.von_heiseler.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9648129 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9648129"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9648129, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9648129", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9648129]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9648129").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9648129").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9648129"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="255" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology">Evolutionary Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="255" type="text/json">{"id":255,"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6642" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Evolution">Language Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6642" type="text/json">{"id":6642,"name":"Language Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Evolution?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30339" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origin_of_Language">Origin of Language</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="30339" type="text/json">{"id":30339,"name":"Origin of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origin_of_Language?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9648129]'), work: {"id":9648129,"title":"LANGUAGE EVOLVED FOR STORYTELLING IN A SUPER-FAST EVOLUTION","created_at":"2014-12-06T08:12:39.147-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9648129/LANGUAGE_EVOLVED_FOR_STORYTELLING_IN_A_SUPER_FAST_EVOLUTION?f_ri=49558","dom_id":"work_9648129","summary":"The problem of language evolution can be split into two questions: What was language selected for? And what possible scenario could allow this adaptation process to occur? This paper addresses only the first question. Our hypothesis is that language was initially selected for narration (an utterance that refers to a past action) and only later was used for other purposes. We provide evidence from different fields and perspectives and show that selection for narration is not only suggested by the structure of language itself but also has the potential to solve other unanswered questions: the emergence of episodic memory and the ability to understand others as having beliefs, thoughts, desires, etc. (theory of mind). Furthermore, our hypothesis provides a new perspective on the problem of human altruism. This paper is meant not as a final result, but as a proposal for a provocative working hypothesis (see title) and a prelude to a model that could explain why narration (or storytelling) came under such immense selective pressure.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35847913,"asset_id":9648129,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":113453,"first_name":"Till Nikolaus","last_name":"von Heiseler","domain_name":"fu-berlin","page_name":"TillNikolausvonHeiseler","display_name":"Till Nikolaus von Heiseler","profile_url":"https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/TillNikolausvonHeiseler?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/113453/1786158/9156051/s65_till_nikolaus.von_heiseler.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":255,"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":6642,"name":"Language Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Evolution?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":30339,"name":"Origin of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origin_of_Language?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":49558,"name":"Evolution of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Language?f_ri=49558"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33190544" data-work_id="33190544" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33190544/The_evolution_of_stories_from_mimesis_to_language_from_fact_to_fiction">The evolution of stories: from mimesis to language, from fact to fiction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Why a species as successful as Homo sapiens should spend so much time in fiction , in telling one another stories that neither side believes, at first seems an evolutionary riddle. Because of the advantages of tracking and recombining... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33190544" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Why a species as successful as Homo sapiens should spend so much time in fiction , in telling one another stories that neither side believes, at first seems an evolutionary riddle. Because of the advantages of tracking and recombining true information, capacities for event comprehension, memory, imagination, and communication evolved in a range of animal species—yet even chimpanzees cannot communicate beyond the here and now. By Homo erectus, our forebears had reached an increasing dependence on one another, not least in sharing information in mimetic, prelinguistic ways. As Daniel Dor shows, the pressure to pool ever more information, even beyond currently shared experience, led to the invention of language. Language in turn swiftly unlocked efficient forms of narrative , allowing early humans to learn much more about their kind than they could experience at first hand, so that they could cooperate and compete better through understanding one another more fully. This changed the payoff of soci-ality for individuals and groups. But true narrative was still limited to what had already happened. Once the strong existing predisposition to play combined with existing capacities for event comprehension, memory, imagination, language , and narrative, we could begin to invent fiction, and to explore the full range of human possibilities in concentrated, engaging, memorable forms. First language, then narrative, then fiction, created niches that altered selection pressures , and made us ever more deeply dependent on knowing more about our kind and our risks and opportunities than we could discover through direct experience.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33190544" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e532ed4fe13169276fe91befbc9d7803" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53272651,"asset_id":33190544,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53272651/download_file?st=MTczMzE5OTYyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="86323" href="https://auckland.academia.edu/BrianBoyd">Brian Boyd</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="86323" type="text/json">{"id":86323,"first_name":"Brian","last_name":"Boyd","domain_name":"auckland","page_name":"BrianBoyd","display_name":"Brian Boyd","profile_url":"https://auckland.academia.edu/BrianBoyd?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/86323/24101/27224514/s65_brian.boyd.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33190544 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33190544"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33190544, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33190544", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33190544]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33190544").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33190544").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33190544"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="807" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language">Philosophy Of Language</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="807" type="text/json">{"id":807,"name":"Philosophy Of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1200" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics">Languages and Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1200" type="text/json">{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2852" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative">Narrative</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2852" type="text/json">{"id":2852,"name":"Narrative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19818" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative_Theory">Narrative Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19818" type="text/json">{"id":19818,"name":"Narrative Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative_Theory?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33190544]'), work: {"id":33190544,"title":"The evolution of stories: from mimesis to language, from fact to fiction","created_at":"2017-05-25T03:56:45.614-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33190544/The_evolution_of_stories_from_mimesis_to_language_from_fact_to_fiction?f_ri=49558","dom_id":"work_33190544","summary":"Why a species as successful as Homo sapiens should spend so much time in fiction , in telling one another stories that neither side believes, at first seems an evolutionary riddle. Because of the advantages of tracking and recombining true information, capacities for event comprehension, memory, imagination, and communication evolved in a range of animal species—yet even chimpanzees cannot communicate beyond the here and now. By Homo erectus, our forebears had reached an increasing dependence on one another, not least in sharing information in mimetic, prelinguistic ways. As Daniel Dor shows, the pressure to pool ever more information, even beyond currently shared experience, led to the invention of language. Language in turn swiftly unlocked efficient forms of narrative , allowing early humans to learn much more about their kind than they could experience at first hand, so that they could cooperate and compete better through understanding one another more fully. This changed the payoff of soci-ality for individuals and groups. But true narrative was still limited to what had already happened. Once the strong existing predisposition to play combined with existing capacities for event comprehension, memory, imagination, language , and narrative, we could begin to invent fiction, and to explore the full range of human possibilities in concentrated, engaging, memorable forms. First language, then narrative, then fiction, created niches that altered selection pressures , and made us ever more deeply dependent on knowing more about our kind and our risks and opportunities than we could discover through direct experience.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53272651,"asset_id":33190544,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":86323,"first_name":"Brian","last_name":"Boyd","domain_name":"auckland","page_name":"BrianBoyd","display_name":"Brian Boyd","profile_url":"https://auckland.academia.edu/BrianBoyd?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/86323/24101/27224514/s65_brian.boyd.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":807,"name":"Philosophy Of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":2852,"name":"Narrative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":19818,"name":"Narrative Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative_Theory?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":49558,"name":"Evolution of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Language?f_ri=49558"},{"id":108186,"name":"Evolution of mythos and narrative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_mythos_and_narrative?f_ri=49558"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17443954" data-work_id="17443954" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17443954/From_mouth_to_hand_Gesture_speech_and_the_evolution_of_right_handedness">From mouth to hand: Gesture, speech, and the evolution of right-handedness</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17443954" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="44ac8a966c080ebffd2a011976466d01" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39511445,"asset_id":17443954,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button 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Corballis","profile_url":"https://auckland.academia.edu/MichaelCorballis?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/214511/169096/197084/s65_michael.corballis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17443954 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17443954"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17443954, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17443954", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_17443954 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17443954; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = 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style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17443954"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6642" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Evolution">Language Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6642" type="text/json">{"id":6642,"name":"Language Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Evolution?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18174" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language">Language</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18174" type="text/json">{"id":18174,"name":"Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42799" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Speech">Speech</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="42799" type="text/json">{"id":42799,"name":"Speech","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Speech?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17443954]'), work: {"id":17443954,"title":"From mouth to hand: Gesture, speech, and the evolution of 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evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_evolution?f_ri=49558"},{"id":810789,"name":"Left Hemisphere","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Left_Hemisphere?f_ri=49558"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=49558"},{"id":1257483,"name":"Frontal Lobe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Frontal_Lobe?f_ri=49558"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42032723" data-work_id="42032723" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42032723/Why_is_there_no_primitive_language">Why is there no primitive language?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Summary of the current debate about the origin of language and Everett (2017)'s claims (teaching document)</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42032723" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2a8df63a3a14039f2e6b79a7e0e7d08e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62159040,"asset_id":42032723,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62159040/download_file?st=MTczMzE5OTYyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="218094" href="https://freeuni.academia.edu/ThomasWier">Thomas Wier</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="218094" type="text/json">{"id":218094,"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Wier","domain_name":"freeuni","page_name":"ThomasWier","display_name":"Thomas Wier","profile_url":"https://freeuni.academia.edu/ThomasWier?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/218094/49581/45645/s65_thomas.wier.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42032723 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42032723"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42032723, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42032723", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_42032723 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42032723; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = 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style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42032723"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10882" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution">Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10882" type="text/json">{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15674" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistics">Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15674" type="text/json">{"id":15674,"name":"Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistics?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49558" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Language">Evolution of Language</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49558" type="text/json">{"id":49558,"name":"Evolution of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Language?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42032723]'), work: {"id":42032723,"title":"Why is there no primitive 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Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":15674,"name":"Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistics?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":49558,"name":"Evolution of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Language?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37644997" data-work_id="37644997" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37644997/Evolution_of_Language">Evolution of Language</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This research proposal studies the evolution of language in the Philippines, emphasizing Millennials. (Impact of slang words to the Filipino citizens)</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37644997" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="34ad9ed1a02f9a96e848cb1689071108" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81406204,"asset_id":37644997,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81406204/download_file?st=MTczMzE5OTYyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="95398968" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FayeGesu">Faye Gabio</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="95398968" type="text/json">{"id":95398968,"first_name":"Faye","last_name":"Gabio","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FayeGesu","display_name":"Faye Gabio","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FayeGesu?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/95398968/20957598/149413848/s65_faye.gesu.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37644997 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37644997"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37644997, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37644997", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37644997 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37644997; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37644997"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37644997 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37644997"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37644997; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37644997]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37644997").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37644997").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37644997"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="101" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages">Languages</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="101" type="text/json">{"id":101,"name":"Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49558" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Language">Evolution of Language</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="49558" type="text/json">{"id":49558,"name":"Evolution of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Language?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="76832" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Millennials">Millennials</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="76832" type="text/json">{"id":76832,"name":"Millennials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Millennials?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37644997]'), work: {"id":37644997,"title":"Evolution of Language","created_at":"2018-10-24T22:51:57.181-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37644997/Evolution_of_Language?f_ri=49558","dom_id":"work_37644997","summary":"This research proposal studies the evolution of language in the Philippines, emphasizing Millennials. (Impact of slang words to the Filipino citizens)","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81406204,"asset_id":37644997,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":95398968,"first_name":"Faye","last_name":"Gabio","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FayeGesu","display_name":"Faye Gabio","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FayeGesu?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/95398968/20957598/149413848/s65_faye.gesu.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":101,"name":"Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":49558,"name":"Evolution of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Language?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":76832,"name":"Millennials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Millennials?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":146984,"name":"Slang","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slang?f_ri=49558"},{"id":1476295,"name":"Evolution of languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_languages?f_ri=49558"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_62796642" data-work_id="62796642" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62796642/Chomskynin_Problemi_Dilin_Evrimi_Chomskys_Problem_Evolution_of_Language_">Chomsky'nin Problemi: Dilin Evrimi (Chomsky's Problem: Evolution of Language)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Noam Chomsky (1928- ) is one of the most important theorists of contemporary linguistics in the post-Saussurean era. Universal Grammar developed by Chomsky after the 1950s is still an influential theory. Studying language with the methods... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_62796642" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Noam Chomsky (1928- ) is one of the most important theorists of contemporary linguistics in the post-Saussurean era. Universal Grammar developed by Chomsky after the 1950s is still an influential theory. Studying language with the methods of natural sciences has been a significant goal for Chomsky who is a pioneer in the mathematical  analysis  of  language.  He  is  also  considered  as  the founder of biolinguistics, which includes the biological study of language. In this article, Noam Chomsky's views on the evolution oflanguage are discussed. In the article, Chomsky’s own labelling such<br />as  “Plato’s  Problem”  and  “Darwin’s  Problem”  regarding  other thinkers is  used for Chomsky’s model of language evolution. The outlines of this model are presented and its critical aspects are evaluated.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62796642" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c863a92d03f0946dbb584af456521978" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75451541,"asset_id":62796642,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75451541/download_file?st=MTczMzE5OTYyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2692977" href="https://deu.academia.edu/CanerKerimo%C4%9Flu">Caner Kerimoğlu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2692977" type="text/json">{"id":2692977,"first_name":"Caner","last_name":"Kerimoğlu","domain_name":"deu","page_name":"CanerKerimoğlu","display_name":"Caner Kerimoğlu","profile_url":"https://deu.academia.edu/CanerKerimo%C4%9Flu?f_ri=49558","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_62796642 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="62796642"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 62796642, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_62796642", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=62796642]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_62796642").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_62796642").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="62796642"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6642" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Evolution">Language Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6642" type="text/json">{"id":6642,"name":"Language Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Evolution?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42142" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Noam_Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="42142" type="text/json">{"id":42142,"name":"Noam Chomsky","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Noam_Chomsky?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49558" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Language">Evolution of Language</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49558" type="text/json">{"id":49558,"name":"Evolution of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Language?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=62796642]'), work: {"id":62796642,"title":"Chomsky'nin Problemi: Dilin Evrimi (Chomsky's Problem: Evolution of Language)","created_at":"2021-11-30T22:29:24.335-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/62796642/Chomskynin_Problemi_Dilin_Evrimi_Chomskys_Problem_Evolution_of_Language_?f_ri=49558","dom_id":"work_62796642","summary":"Noam Chomsky (1928- ) is one of the most important theorists of contemporary linguistics in the post-Saussurean era. Universal Grammar developed by Chomsky after the 1950s is still an influential theory. Studying language with the methods of natural sciences has been a significant goal for Chomsky who is a pioneer in the mathematical analysis of language. He is also considered as the founder of biolinguistics, which includes the biological study of language. In this article, Noam Chomsky's views on the evolution oflanguage are discussed. In the article, Chomsky’s own labelling such\nas “Plato’s Problem” and “Darwin’s Problem” regarding other thinkers is used for Chomsky’s model of language evolution. The outlines of this model are presented and its critical aspects are evaluated.\n\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75451541,"asset_id":62796642,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2692977,"first_name":"Caner","last_name":"Kerimoğlu","domain_name":"deu","page_name":"CanerKerimoğlu","display_name":"Caner Kerimoğlu","profile_url":"https://deu.academia.edu/CanerKerimo%C4%9Flu?f_ri=49558","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6642,"name":"Language Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Evolution?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":42142,"name":"Noam Chomsky","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Noam_Chomsky?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":49558,"name":"Evolution of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Language?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15300526" data-work_id="15300526" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15300526/The_evolution_of_speech_and_language">The evolution of speech and language</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The paper deals with the topic of the evolution of speech and language and aims to, through a multidisciplinary approach and based on different material and available data and results, answer the question of the appearance of modern... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15300526" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The paper deals with the topic of the evolution of speech<br />and language and aims to, through a multidisciplinary<br />approach and based on different material and available<br />data and results, answer the question of the appearance of<br />modern language and speech. Especially interesting is the<br />question of whether modern language appeared through<br />the process of saltation or in combination with some other<br />elements of “modernity” (the so called “Human revolution<br />model” or “Cognitive revolution model”) or if it is<br />a result of a longer evolutionary development in which<br />certain conditions and elements necessary for the development<br />of speech and language appeared before others did.<br />The authors attempted to answer these questions through<br />the results of comparative research done on our closest<br />evolutionary cousins, apes, through comparative anatomy,<br />fossil material and archaeological material sensu<br />stricto, that is, through remains of material culture. Based<br />on available material, we conclude that modern language<br />is a result of a long evolutionary development and that<br />different elements appeared at different times during the<br />evolutionary history of the tribe hominini.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15300526" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5b8d5431641e52907d7ab86e9f0bba46" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38623584,"asset_id":15300526,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38623584/download_file?st=MTczMzE5OTYyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="721018" href="https://inantro.academia.edu/IvorJankovic">Ivor Jankovic</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="721018" type="text/json">{"id":721018,"first_name":"Ivor","last_name":"Jankovic","domain_name":"inantro","page_name":"IvorJankovic","display_name":"Ivor Jankovic","profile_url":"https://inantro.academia.edu/IvorJankovic?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/721018/246193/291041/s65_ivor.jankovic.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15300526 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15300526"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15300526, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15300526", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15300526]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15300526").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15300526").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15300526"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="398" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoanthropology">Paleoanthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="398" type="text/json">{"id":398,"name":"Paleoanthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoanthropology?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28126" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neanderthals_Palaeolithic_Archaeology_">Neanderthals (Palaeolithic Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28126" type="text/json">{"id":28126,"name":"Neanderthals (Palaeolithic Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neanderthals_Palaeolithic_Archaeology_?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="29144" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_to_Upper_Paleolithic_Transition">Middle to Upper Paleolithic Transition</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="29144" type="text/json">{"id":29144,"name":"Middle to Upper Paleolithic Transition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_to_Upper_Paleolithic_Transition?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15300526]'), work: {"id":15300526,"title":"The evolution of speech and language","created_at":"2015-08-31T06:39:02.986-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15300526/The_evolution_of_speech_and_language?f_ri=49558","dom_id":"work_15300526","summary":"The paper deals with the topic of the evolution of speech\nand language and aims to, through a multidisciplinary\napproach and based on different material and available\ndata and results, answer the question of the appearance of\nmodern language and speech. Especially interesting is the\nquestion of whether modern language appeared through\nthe process of saltation or in combination with some other\nelements of “modernity” (the so called “Human revolution\nmodel” or “Cognitive revolution model”) or if it is\na result of a longer evolutionary development in which\ncertain conditions and elements necessary for the development\nof speech and language appeared before others did.\nThe authors attempted to answer these questions through\nthe results of comparative research done on our closest\nevolutionary cousins, apes, through comparative anatomy,\nfossil material and archaeological material sensu\nstricto, that is, through remains of material culture. Based\non available material, we conclude that modern language\nis a result of a long evolutionary development and that\ndifferent elements appeared at different times during the\nevolutionary history of the tribe hominini.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38623584,"asset_id":15300526,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":721018,"first_name":"Ivor","last_name":"Jankovic","domain_name":"inantro","page_name":"IvorJankovic","display_name":"Ivor Jankovic","profile_url":"https://inantro.academia.edu/IvorJankovic?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/721018/246193/291041/s65_ivor.jankovic.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":398,"name":"Paleoanthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoanthropology?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":28126,"name":"Neanderthals (Palaeolithic Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neanderthals_Palaeolithic_Archaeology_?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":29144,"name":"Middle to Upper Paleolithic Transition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_to_Upper_Paleolithic_Transition?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":30825,"name":"Upper Paleolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Upper_Paleolithic?f_ri=49558"},{"id":49558,"name":"Evolution of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Language?f_ri=49558"},{"id":57752,"name":"Paleolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleolithic?f_ri=49558"},{"id":290465,"name":"Origins and evolution of language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_and_evolution_of_language?f_ri=49558"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34600603" data-work_id="34600603" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34600603/%D0%9E%D0%A7%D0%95%D0%A0%D0%9A%D0%98_%D0%AD%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%AE%D0%A6%D0%98%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%9D%D0%9E_%D0%A1%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%A2%D0%95%D0%A2%D0%98%D0%A7%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E%D0%99_%D0%A2%D0%95%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%98_%D0%AF%D0%97%D0%AB%D0%9A%D0%90">ОЧЕРКИ ЭВОЛЮЦИОННО-СИНТЕТИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕОРИИ ЯЗЫКА</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">В монографии показывается, что на протяжении последних 50 лет теоретическая лингвистика представляет собой множество противоречащих друг другу доктрин ― и на уровне общих теорий языка, и на уровне его главных составляющих (лексики,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34600603" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">В монографии показывается, что на протяжении последних 50 лет теоретическая лингвистика представляет собой множество противоречащих друг другу доктрин ― и на уровне общих теорий языка, и на уровне его главных составляющих (лексики, синтаксиса и связывающего их лексико-синтаксического интерфейса), и на более низких уровнях, относящихся к частным языковым проблемам (лексическая полисемия, грамматические значения и др.). Состояние теоретического антагонизма современной лингвистики свидетельствует о ее глубоком кризисе. <br />  Эволюционно-синтетическая теория языка нацелена на преодоление данного кризиса. В ней реализуется мультидисциплинарный подход, описывающий язык а) в эволюционном и онтогенетическим развитии и б) в тесном взаимодействии с другими человеческими подсистемами: ментальным представлением мира, человеческой деятельностью и социальным взаимодействием. Язык определяется как развивающаяся в онтогенезе дуальная система: «универсальный сенсорный подъязык + этноспецифичный функциональный подъязык», где сенсорный подъязык используется для описания «видимого» (доступного чувственному восприятию) мира, а функциональный подъязык — для описания мыслимого («постигаемого разумом») мира. В рамках излагаемого подхода получают решение многие проблемы: <br />  1) когнитивный (невербальный) язык для представления языковых значений; <br />  2) многообразие и единство языков (используется структура, альтернативная Универсальной Грамматике Хомского); <br />  3) главная (исходная) функция языка; <br />  4) когнитивный язык мысли (его базу составляют лексические и грамматические значения сенсорного подъязыка); <br />  5) смысл (назначение) синтаксической структуры предложения; <br />  6) механизмы усвоения ребенком лексических и грамматических значений; <br />  7) дуальная (функционально-прототипическая) структура человеческих категорий и др. <br />  В книге рассматривается широкий круг вопросов, касающихся человеческого познания, глотто- и антропогенеза, универсальных когнитивных структур представления предметов, действий и ситуаций, поэтому она будет интересна не только лингвистам, но и психологам, антропологам, социологам, философам. <br /> <br />The monograph shows that in the last 50 years theoretical linguistics remains a compendium of mutually contradicting doctrines on multiple levels: the level of general theories of language, the level of its main constituents (the lexicon, syntax, and the lexical-syntactic interface that connects them), and the lower levels of specific linguistic problems (such as lexical polysemy, grammatical meanings, etc.). The contradictions of contemporary linguistic theories are indicative of a deep crisis. <br />  Evolutionary-synthetic theory of language is aimed at overcoming this crisis. It implements a multidisciplinary approach that describes the language a) in evolutionary and ontogenetic development and b) in close interaction with other human subsystems: the mental representation of the world, human activity and social interaction. Language is defined as a dual system developing in ontogeny: ‘universal sensory sublanguage + ethnically specific functional sublanguage’ where the sensory sublanguage is used to describe the ‘visible’ world (accessible to the senses), and the functional sublanguage is employed to describe the conceivable world (‘comprehended by human mind’). Within the framework of the approach presented, many problems are solved: <br />  1) the cognitive (non-verbal) language for representing language meanings; <br />  2) diversity and unity of languages (using the structure alternative to Chomsky's Universal Grammar); <br />  3) the main (original) function of the language; <br />  4) the cognitive language of thought (its basis is the lexical and grammatical meanings of the sensory sublanguage); <br />  5) dual (functionally prototypical) structure of human categories; <br />  6) mechanisms in the early acquisition of lexical and grammatical meanings; <br />  7) the meaning (assignment) of the syntactic structure of a sentence, etc. <br />  The book deals with a wide range of issues related to human cognition, glottogenesis and anthropogenesis, universal cognitive structures for the representation of objects, actions and situations, so it will be of interest not only to linguists, but also to psychologists, anthropologists, sociologists, philosophers.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34600603" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6abda1a315f91004eb080aba75d02ac0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60066855,"asset_id":34600603,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60066855/download_file?st=MTczMzE5OTYyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8047483" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlexeyKoshelev">Alexey Koshelev</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8047483" type="text/json">{"id":8047483,"first_name":"Alexey","last_name":"Koshelev","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlexeyKoshelev","display_name":"Alexey Koshelev","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlexeyKoshelev?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8047483/2802364/18369129/s65_alexey.koshelev.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34600603 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34600603"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34600603, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34600603", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34600603 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34600603; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34600603"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34600603 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34600603"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34600603; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34600603]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34600603").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34600603").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34600603"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1200" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics">Languages and Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1200" type="text/json">{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2349" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantics">Semantics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2349" type="text/json">{"id":2349,"name":"Semantics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantics?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34600603]'), work: {"id":34600603,"title":"ОЧЕРКИ ЭВОЛЮЦИОННО-СИНТЕТИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕОРИИ ЯЗЫКА","created_at":"2017-09-18T13:41:25.623-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34600603/%D0%9E%D0%A7%D0%95%D0%A0%D0%9A%D0%98_%D0%AD%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%AE%D0%A6%D0%98%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%9D%D0%9E_%D0%A1%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%A2%D0%95%D0%A2%D0%98%D0%A7%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E%D0%99_%D0%A2%D0%95%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%98_%D0%AF%D0%97%D0%AB%D0%9A%D0%90?f_ri=49558","dom_id":"work_34600603","summary":"В монографии показывается, что на протяжении последних 50 лет теоретическая лингвистика представляет собой множество противоречащих друг другу доктрин ― и на уровне общих теорий языка, и на уровне его главных составляющих (лексики, синтаксиса и связывающего их лексико-синтаксического интерфейса), и на более низких уровнях, относящихся к частным языковым проблемам (лексическая полисемия, грамматические значения и др.). Состояние теоретического антагонизма современной лингвистики свидетельствует о ее глубоком кризисе.\r\n Эволюционно-синтетическая теория языка нацелена на преодоление данного кризиса. В ней реализуется мультидисциплинарный подход, описывающий язык а) в эволюционном и онтогенетическим развитии и б) в тесном взаимодействии с другими человеческими подсистемами: ментальным представлением мира, человеческой деятельностью и социальным взаимодействием. Язык определяется как развивающаяся в онтогенезе дуальная система: «универсальный сенсорный подъязык + этноспецифичный функциональный подъязык», где сенсорный подъязык используется для описания «видимого» (доступного чувственному восприятию) мира, а функциональный подъязык — для описания мыслимого («постигаемого разумом») мира. В рамках излагаемого подхода получают решение многие проблемы: \r\n 1) когнитивный (невербальный) язык для представления языковых значений; \r\n 2) многообразие и единство языков (используется структура, альтернативная Универсальной Грамматике Хомского); \r\n 3) главная (исходная) функция языка; \r\n 4) когнитивный язык мысли (его базу составляют лексические и грамматические значения сенсорного подъязыка); \r\n 5) смысл (назначение) синтаксической структуры предложения; \r\n 6) механизмы усвоения ребенком лексических и грамматических значений; \r\n 7) дуальная (функционально-прототипическая) структура человеческих категорий и др.\r\n В книге рассматривается широкий круг вопросов, касающихся человеческого познания, глотто- и антропогенеза, универсальных когнитивных структур представления предметов, действий и ситуаций, поэтому она будет интересна не только лингвистам, но и психологам, антропологам, социологам, философам.\r\n\r\nThe monograph shows that in the last 50 years theoretical linguistics remains a compendium of mutually contradicting doctrines on multiple levels: the level of general theories of language, the level of its main constituents (the lexicon, syntax, and the lexical-syntactic interface that connects them), and the lower levels of specific linguistic problems (such as lexical polysemy, grammatical meanings, etc.). The contradictions of contemporary linguistic theories are indicative of a deep crisis. \r\n Evolutionary-synthetic theory of language is aimed at overcoming this crisis. It implements a multidisciplinary approach that describes the language a) in evolutionary and ontogenetic development and b) in close interaction with other human subsystems: the mental representation of the world, human activity and social interaction. Language is defined as a dual system developing in ontogeny: ‘universal sensory sublanguage + ethnically specific functional sublanguage’ where the sensory sublanguage is used to describe the ‘visible’ world (accessible to the senses), and the functional sublanguage is employed to describe the conceivable world (‘comprehended by human mind’). Within the framework of the approach presented, many problems are solved: \r\n 1) the cognitive (non-verbal) language for representing language meanings; \r\n 2) diversity and unity of languages (using the structure alternative to Chomsky's Universal Grammar); \r\n 3) the main (original) function of the language; \r\n 4) the cognitive language of thought (its basis is the lexical and grammatical meanings of the sensory sublanguage); \r\n 5) dual (functionally prototypical) structure of human categories; \r\n 6) mechanisms in the early acquisition of lexical and grammatical meanings; \r\n 7) the meaning (assignment) of the syntactic structure of a sentence, etc.\r\n The book deals with a wide range of issues related to human cognition, glottogenesis and anthropogenesis, universal cognitive structures for the representation of objects, actions and situations, so it will be of interest not only to linguists, but also to psychologists, anthropologists, sociologists, philosophers. \r\n\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60066855,"asset_id":34600603,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8047483,"first_name":"Alexey","last_name":"Koshelev","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlexeyKoshelev","display_name":"Alexey Koshelev","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlexeyKoshelev?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8047483/2802364/18369129/s65_alexey.koshelev.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":2349,"name":"Semantics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantics?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":2971,"name":"Cognitive development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_development?f_ri=49558"},{"id":49558,"name":"Evolution of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Language?f_ri=49558"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_80461734" data-work_id="80461734" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80461734/Dilin_K%C3%B6keni_Aray%C4%B1%C5%9Flar%C4%B1_5_Beyin_ve_Dil_The_Search_for_the_Origin_of_Language_5_Brain_and_Language_">Dilin Kökeni Arayışları-5: Beyin ve Dil (The Search for the Origin of Language-5: Brain and Language)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/80461734" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c9a61feaad85a0b3bc4a7112170c94dd" rel="nofollow" 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$(".js-view-count-work_80461734").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="80461734"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6642" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Evolution">Language Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6642" type="text/json">{"id":6642,"name":"Language Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Evolution?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30339" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origin_of_Language">Origin of Language</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30339" type="text/json">{"id":30339,"name":"Origin of 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Language)","created_at":"2022-06-01T08:01:00.800-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/80461734/Dilin_K%C3%B6keni_Aray%C4%B1%C5%9Flar%C4%B1_5_Beyin_ve_Dil_The_Search_for_the_Origin_of_Language_5_Brain_and_Language_?f_ri=49558","dom_id":"work_80461734","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86835633,"asset_id":80461734,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2692977,"first_name":"Caner","last_name":"Kerimoğlu","domain_name":"deu","page_name":"CanerKerimoğlu","display_name":"Caner Kerimoğlu","profile_url":"https://deu.academia.edu/CanerKerimo%C4%9Flu?f_ri=49558","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6642,"name":"Language Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Evolution?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":30339,"name":"Origin of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origin_of_Language?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":49558,"name":"Evolution of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Language?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17522791" data-work_id="17522791" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17522791/The_Error_of_God_Error_Management_Theory_Religion_and_the_Evolution_of_Cooperation">The Error of God: Error Management Theory, Religion, and the Evolution of Cooperation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The punishment of free-riders is widely regarded as central to the evolution of cooperation, but the problem of who pays the costs of punishment remains controversial. I have previously proposed that: (1) human cooperation was promoted by... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17522791" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The punishment of free-riders is widely regarded as central to the evolution of cooperation, but the problem of who pays the costs of punishment remains controversial. I have previously proposed that: (1) human cooperation was promoted by a fear of supernatural punishment for selfish actions (Johnson and Kruger 2004); and (2) such beliefs increased Darwinian fitness because they reduced the</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17522791" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="825694447aa188a65d75295c5183bbc2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39557075,"asset_id":17522791,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39557075/download_file?st=MTczMzE5OTYyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37291982" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/DDPJohnson">Dominic Johnson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37291982" type="text/json">{"id":37291982,"first_name":"Dominic","last_name":"Johnson","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"DDPJohnson","display_name":"Dominic Johnson","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/DDPJohnson?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37291982/44255464/34900288/s65_dominic.johnson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17522791 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17522791"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17522791, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17522791", }); 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type="text/json">{"id":455161,"name":"Historical Adam and Eve","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Adam_and_Eve?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="465770" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_Human_Evolution">Religion and Human Evolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="465770" type="text/json">{"id":465770,"name":"Religion and Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_Human_Evolution?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47714566]'), work: {"id":47714566,"title":"Adam as Archetype: Reconciling a Historical \"Fall\" and Original Sin in the Context of 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class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44992725/On_the_Deep_History_of_Klagesian_Geist_Pelasgians_Element_Cosmologies_and_Transformations_in_Consciousness_and_Culture">On the Deep History of Klagesian Geist: Pelasgians, Element Cosmologies, and Transformations in Consciousness and Culture</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The vitalist philosophy of Ludwig Klages (1872-1956) represents a particularly forceful critique of prevailing transcendentalist metaphysics, hyper-rationality, and self-appropriating will, which are contrasted with a posited earlier... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44992725" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The vitalist philosophy of Ludwig Klages (1872-1956) represents a particularly forceful critique of prevailing transcendentalist metaphysics, hyper-rationality, and self-appropriating will, which are contrasted with a posited earlier phase of global culture - that of the Pelasgians who preceded classical Greek civilization and flourished in the Bronze Age. In this earlier cultural phase Klages finds modes of thought that are characterized by their triadic structure, reverence for a feminine, mother-goddess as the chief representative of the sacred, and, most importantly, a relative absence of rationalistic, ego-driven will, which is embodied in the malevolent figure of Klages' principle of Geist. In analyzing Klages' propositions through the lens of Wim van Binsbergen's aggregative-diachronic model of global mythology, certain of his assertions can be shown to have concrete historical bases, most notably the transformations in consciousness that attended the evolution of linguistic forms, and the establishment of a "Pelasgian substrate" of mythological traits that percolated throughout the old world and continued to exert influence on the structure of mythological and religious forms, even as more relational recursive and triadic modes of language and consciousness were superseded by the dominance of a mode of thinking predicated on binary separation. Klages' fierce arguments against industrialization and its abstractive-appropriative engines - a triumph of Geist - also find new relevance as an ecological critique whose hope for redemption lies in the retrieval of these earlier forms of culturally mediated consciousness.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44992725" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fabc94de7fd7abaee5035757abfec942" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65534894,"asset_id":44992725,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65534894/download_file?st=MTczMzE5OTYyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7954002" href="https://rice.academia.edu/NicholasCollins">Nicholas E Collins</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7954002" type="text/json">{"id":7954002,"first_name":"Nicholas","last_name":"Collins","domain_name":"rice","page_name":"NicholasCollins","display_name":"Nicholas E Collins","profile_url":"https://rice.academia.edu/NicholasCollins?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7954002/2816892/18809472/s65_nicholas.collins.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44992725 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44992725"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44992725, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44992725", }); 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In this earlier cultural phase Klages finds modes of thought that are characterized by their triadic structure, reverence for a feminine, mother-goddess as the chief representative of the sacred, and, most importantly, a relative absence of rationalistic, ego-driven will, which is embodied in the malevolent figure of Klages' principle of Geist. In analyzing Klages' propositions through the lens of Wim van Binsbergen's aggregative-diachronic model of global mythology, certain of his assertions can be shown to have concrete historical bases, most notably the transformations in consciousness that attended the evolution of linguistic forms, and the establishment of a \"Pelasgian substrate\" of mythological traits that percolated throughout the old world and continued to exert influence on the structure of mythological and religious forms, even as more relational recursive and triadic modes of language and consciousness were superseded by the dominance of a mode of thinking predicated on binary separation. Klages' fierce arguments against industrialization and its abstractive-appropriative engines - a triumph of Geist - also find new relevance as an ecological critique whose hope for redemption lies in the retrieval of these earlier forms of culturally mediated consciousness.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65534894,"asset_id":44992725,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7954002,"first_name":"Nicholas","last_name":"Collins","domain_name":"rice","page_name":"NicholasCollins","display_name":"Nicholas E Collins","profile_url":"https://rice.academia.edu/NicholasCollins?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7954002/2816892/18809472/s65_nicholas.collins.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":788,"name":"Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":4214,"name":"Evolution of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Religion?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":5960,"name":"Continental Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Continental_Philosophy?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":28977,"name":"Comparative mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_mythology?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":49558,"name":"Evolution of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Language?f_ri=49558"},{"id":58724,"name":"Bronze Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age?f_ri=49558"},{"id":66040,"name":"German Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_Philosophy?f_ri=49558"},{"id":86638,"name":"Vitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vitalism?f_ri=49558"},{"id":287684,"name":"Lebensphilosophie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lebensphilosophie?f_ri=49558"},{"id":558440,"name":"Ludwig Klages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ludwig_Klages?f_ri=49558"},{"id":971236,"name":"Pelasgians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pelasgians?f_ri=49558"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1975096" data-work_id="1975096" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1975096/%D0%9A_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0_Arguments_for_polygenesis_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%BF_1_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B8_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9C_%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80_2008_%D1%81_41_58">К аргументации полигенеза (Arguments for polygenesis) // Разумное поведение и язык. Вып. 1. Коммуникативные системы животных и язык человека. Проблема происхождения языка. М.: Языки славянских культур, 2008. с. 41 - 58</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"In 1917 Bodouen de Courtenay observed two lines of level complication of language units: metrical line → syllables → prosodic (phonological) word etc., and syntactic one → morphemes → grammatical words etc. There is a special mechanism... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1975096" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"In 1917 Bodouen de Courtenay observed two lines of level complication of <br />language units: metrical line → syllables → prosodic (phonological) word etc., and syntactic one → morphemes → grammatical words etc. There is a special mechanism for linking the corresponding units of two lines mentioned above. In 1960s N. I. Zhinkin revealed that there were two different centers that control the whole process of speech production. The subcortical center controls syllable quantization and even development of the syllable sonority. The cortical center controls articulation and forming of the morphemes and the word forms signifier. I think that these two lines of complication of linguistic units reflect the peculiarities of neurological organization of speech production control. I suppose that the appearance of the strategies of linking the units of both types is the crucial point in transformation of zoosemiotic systems of our ancestors to the human languages. There are more than four main strategies of linking metrical and syntactic units, and each of them has its own area of distribution. I think this is a good argument for the polygenetic hypothesis of language origins. <br /> <br />Сопоставляя наблюдения Н. И. Жинкина о двойном управлении речью — из подкорки (квантование и формирование равномерной звучности слогов) и из коры (артикуляция, формирование означающего сигнификативных единиц и др.), наблюдения о соединении в речи дискретной стороны, обеспечивающей членораздельность, и континуальной стороны, обеспечивающей звуковую непрерывность, с наблюдениями Бодуэна де Куртенэ о двух линиях усложнения языковых единиц (метрической (слоги — фонетические слова — <br />такты — периоды) и сигнификативной (морфы — словоформы — словосочетания — предложения)), я делаю вывод, что появление механизма сопряжения двух этих типов единиц является главным этапом преобразования зоосемиотических систем в человеческий язык. Из того факта, что техника такого рода сопряжения не одна, а несколько, а также из того факта, что они определяют практически все параметры грамматического строя, делается вывод о том, что полигенез — более вероятная гипотеза."</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1975096" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1c360a83141ba96f3698bc939a8e765a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30870296,"asset_id":1975096,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30870296/download_file?st=MTczMzE5OTYyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="672477" href="https://iling-ran.academia.edu/BarulinAlexander">Alexander Barulin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="672477" type="text/json">{"id":672477,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Barulin","domain_name":"iling-ran","page_name":"BarulinAlexander","display_name":"Alexander Barulin","profile_url":"https://iling-ran.academia.edu/BarulinAlexander?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/672477/794815/33826422/s65_alexander.barulin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1975096 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1975096"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1975096, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1975096", }); 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Вып. 1. Коммуникативные системы животных и язык человека. Проблема происхождения языка. М.: Языки славянских культур, 2008. с. 41 - 58","created_at":"2012-09-27T09:22:02.223-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1975096/%D0%9A_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0_Arguments_for_polygenesis_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%BF_1_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B8_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9C_%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80_2008_%D1%81_41_58?f_ri=49558","dom_id":"work_1975096","summary":"\"In 1917 Bodouen de Courtenay observed two lines of level complication of\r\nlanguage units: metrical line → syllables → prosodic (phonological) word etc., and syntactic one → morphemes → grammatical words etc. There is a special mechanism for linking the corresponding units of two lines mentioned above. In 1960s N. I. Zhinkin revealed that there were two different centers that control the whole process of speech production. The subcortical center controls syllable quantization and even development of the syllable sonority. The cortical center controls articulation and forming of the morphemes and the word forms signifier. I think that these two lines of complication of linguistic units reflect the peculiarities of neurological organization of speech production control. I suppose that the appearance of the strategies of linking the units of both types is the crucial point in transformation of zoosemiotic systems of our ancestors to the human languages. There are more than four main strategies of linking metrical and syntactic units, and each of them has its own area of distribution. I think this is a good argument for the polygenetic hypothesis of language origins.\r\n\r\nСопоставляя наблюдения Н. И. Жинкина о двойном управлении речью — из подкорки (квантование и формирование равномерной звучности слогов) и из коры (артикуляция, формирование означающего сигнификативных единиц и др.), наблюдения о соединении в речи дискретной стороны, обеспечивающей членораздельность, и континуальной стороны, обеспечивающей звуковую непрерывность, с наблюдениями Бодуэна де Куртенэ о двух линиях усложнения языковых единиц (метрической (слоги — фонетические слова —\r\nтакты — периоды) и сигнификативной (морфы — словоформы — словосочетания — предложения)), я делаю вывод, что появление механизма сопряжения двух этих типов единиц является главным этапом преобразования зоосемиотических систем в человеческий язык. Из того факта, что техника такого рода сопряжения не одна, а несколько, а также из того факта, что они определяют практически все параметры грамматического строя, делается вывод о том, что полигенез — более вероятная гипотеза.\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30870296,"asset_id":1975096,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":672477,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Barulin","domain_name":"iling-ran","page_name":"BarulinAlexander","display_name":"Alexander Barulin","profile_url":"https://iling-ran.academia.edu/BarulinAlexander?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/672477/794815/33826422/s65_alexander.barulin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":49558,"name":"Evolution of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Language?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":57866,"name":"Origins of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_of_Language?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":173032,"name":"Glottogenesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glottogenesis?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":290465,"name":"Origins and evolution of language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_and_evolution_of_language?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":606453,"name":"Polygenesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polygenesis?f_ri=49558"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18893289" data-work_id="18893289" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18893289/A_funtional_Analysis_of_the_Origins_Evolution_and_Antiquity_of_Language">A funtional Analysis of the Origins, Evolution and Antiquity of Language</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This project analyses a wide range of current literature concerning the origins and evolution of language. A major focus is on constraining the time in which language evolved, covering recent and gradual origins hypotheses. Included are... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18893289" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This project analyses a wide range of current literature concerning the origins and evolution<br />of language. A major focus is on constraining the time in which language evolved, covering<br />recent and gradual origins hypotheses. Included are models that interpret the foundations<br />of language as a sudden emergent property, as well as models that propose an accretionary<br />accrual of a modern suite of linguistic abilities. A ‘gesture-first’ model is presented in line<br />with the gradual evolution of language, and tool-making is suggested as a reinforcement<br />framework for language lateralization and even syntactical operations. Finally, the<br />supportive biological evidence (including the Kebara 2 hyoid bone and FOXP2) is determined<br />to reinforce the gradual and gestural models rather than emergent models of language<br />evolution. What we are left with is a model that posits that language cannot have originated<br />later than 100kya, could have gained prominence between then and 400,000 years ago and<br />was already subject to a functional cultural-ecological development prior to this.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18893289" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ba6b3472cf90378decae9cbfaf52365d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40314338,"asset_id":18893289,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40314338/download_file?st=MTczMzE5OTYyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7037471" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/RyanLeahy">Ryan Leahy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7037471" type="text/json">{"id":7037471,"first_name":"Ryan","last_name":"Leahy","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"RyanLeahy","display_name":"Ryan Leahy","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/RyanLeahy?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7037471/3172117/12042819/s65_ryan.leahy.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18893289 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18893289"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18893289, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18893289", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18893289]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18893289").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18893289").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18893289"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">32</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="398" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoanthropology">Paleoanthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="398" type="text/json">{"id":398,"name":"Paleoanthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoanthropology?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology">Prehistoric Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="399" type="text/json">{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="768" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Anthropology">Biological Anthropology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="768" type="text/json">{"id":768,"name":"Biological Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Anthropology?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18893289]'), work: {"id":18893289,"title":"A funtional Analysis of the Origins, Evolution and Antiquity of Language","created_at":"2015-11-23T18:28:05.701-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18893289/A_funtional_Analysis_of_the_Origins_Evolution_and_Antiquity_of_Language?f_ri=49558","dom_id":"work_18893289","summary":"This project analyses a wide range of current literature concerning the origins and evolution\nof language. A major focus is on constraining the time in which language evolved, covering\nrecent and gradual origins hypotheses. Included are models that interpret the foundations\nof language as a sudden emergent property, as well as models that propose an accretionary\naccrual of a modern suite of linguistic abilities. A ‘gesture-first’ model is presented in line\nwith the gradual evolution of language, and tool-making is suggested as a reinforcement\nframework for language lateralization and even syntactical operations. Finally, the\nsupportive biological evidence (including the Kebara 2 hyoid bone and FOXP2) is determined\nto reinforce the gradual and gestural models rather than emergent models of language\nevolution. What we are left with is a model that posits that language cannot have originated\nlater than 100kya, could have gained prominence between then and 400,000 years ago and\nwas already subject to a functional cultural-ecological development prior to this.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40314338,"asset_id":18893289,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7037471,"first_name":"Ryan","last_name":"Leahy","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"RyanLeahy","display_name":"Ryan Leahy","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/RyanLeahy?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7037471/3172117/12042819/s65_ryan.leahy.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":398,"name":"Paleoanthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoanthropology?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":768,"name":"Biological Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Anthropology?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=49558"},{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=49558"},{"id":1207,"name":"Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics?f_ri=49558"},{"id":2364,"name":"Paleopathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleopathology?f_ri=49558"},{"id":2718,"name":"Linguistic Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistic_Anthropology?f_ri=49558"},{"id":2894,"name":"Evolution of cooperation (Evolutionary 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Chomsky","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Noam_Chomsky?f_ri=49558"},{"id":44328,"name":"Social Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Intelligence?f_ri=49558"},{"id":49558,"name":"Evolution of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Language?f_ri=49558"},{"id":57160,"name":"Human Osteology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Osteology?f_ri=49558"},{"id":66145,"name":"Hominin evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_evolution?f_ri=49558"},{"id":95842,"name":"Ecology and Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology_and_Evolutionary_Biology-1?f_ri=49558"},{"id":184336,"name":"Palaeolithic Archaeology, Hominin Palaeontology, Evolutionary Psychology and Cognitive Psychology, Palaeoecology, Palaeoenvironment, and Palaeoclimate studies, Anthropological Genetics, Palaeopathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeolithic_Archaeology_Hominin_Palaeontology_Evolutionary_Psychology_and_Cognitive_Psychology_P?f_ri=49558"},{"id":290465,"name":"Origins and evolution of language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_and_evolution_of_language?f_ri=49558"},{"id":1772469,"name":"Phsycholinguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phsycholinguistics?f_ri=49558"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73336015 coauthored" data-work_id="73336015" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73336015/Simplexifying_harnessing_the_power_of_enlanguaged_cognition">Simplexifying: harnessing the power of enlanguaged cognition</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Looking beyond the internalism-externalism debate, we offer a distributed view of how experience can garner linguistic and mental content. To make the case, first, we challenge the idea that cognition is organism-centered and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73336015" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Looking beyond the internalism-externalism debate, we offer a distributed view of how experience can garner linguistic and mental content. To make the case, first, we challenge the idea that cognition is organism-centered and synchronistic. Instead, we use Berthoz's principle of "simplexity" to open up the multiscalarity of cognitive ecosystems. In exemplifying wide cognition, we track how the eyeball's neurophysiology is transformed by simplex tricks. As learning was integrated with seeing, looking evolved. Later, we argue, lineages gained social use of gaze. In primates, gaze was integrated with cultural techniques like nut-cracking and termite dipping. Individual perceptual experience thus came to build on enculturated behavior. We then turn to the case of modern humans who make use of things with "meaning attached." Their cognition, we argue, is not only enculturated but also enlanguaged. In this connection, we show how simplex mechanisms disclose aspects-inthings, thus allowing individuals to attribute practical significance to selected parts of their surroundings. In harnessing articulatory skills, human judgements draw on cultural and practical expectations: as a child perceives, she also learns to observe and say things. In this connection, we argue, people come to act ostensively and give rise to descriptions. In terms proposed here, humans learn to simplexify.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73336015" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="206079e1bc6d5d0a745eb7ff66d463a1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81895170,"asset_id":73336015,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81895170/download_file?st=MTczMzE5OTYyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="347902" href="https://southerndenmark.academia.edu/StephenJCowley">Stephen J. Cowley</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="347902" type="text/json">{"id":347902,"first_name":"Stephen J.","last_name":"Cowley","domain_name":"southerndenmark","page_name":"StephenJCowley","display_name":"Stephen J. Cowley","profile_url":"https://southerndenmark.academia.edu/StephenJCowley?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/347902/464803/588087/s65_stephen_j..cowley.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-73336015">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-73336015"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://southerndenmark.academia.edu/RasmusGahrnAndersen">Rasmus Gahrn-Andersen</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-73336015'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-73336015').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73336015 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73336015"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73336015, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73336015", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_73336015 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73336015; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_73336015"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_73336015 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73336015"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73336015; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73336015]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73336015").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73336015").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73336015"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="98" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiotics">Semiotics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="98" type="text/json">{"id":98,"name":"Semiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiotics?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1200" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics">Languages and Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1200" type="text/json">{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1242" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_and_Social_Interaction">Language and Social Interaction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1242" type="text/json">{"id":1242,"name":"Language and Social Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_and_Social_Interaction?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73336015]'), work: {"id":73336015,"title":"Simplexifying: harnessing the power of enlanguaged cognition","created_at":"2022-03-08T10:47:48.116-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73336015/Simplexifying_harnessing_the_power_of_enlanguaged_cognition?f_ri=49558","dom_id":"work_73336015","summary":"Looking beyond the internalism-externalism debate, we offer a distributed view of how experience can garner linguistic and mental content. 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In harnessing articulatory skills, human judgements draw on cultural and practical expectations: as a child perceives, she also learns to observe and say things. In this connection, we argue, people come to act ostensively and give rise to descriptions. In terms proposed here, humans learn to simplexify.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81895170,"asset_id":73336015,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":347902,"first_name":"Stephen J.","last_name":"Cowley","domain_name":"southerndenmark","page_name":"StephenJCowley","display_name":"Stephen J. Cowley","profile_url":"https://southerndenmark.academia.edu/StephenJCowley?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/347902/464803/588087/s65_stephen_j..cowley.jpg"},{"id":22413716,"first_name":"Rasmus","last_name":"Gahrn-Andersen","domain_name":"southerndenmark","page_name":"RasmusGahrnAndersen","display_name":"Rasmus Gahrn-Andersen","profile_url":"https://southerndenmark.academia.edu/RasmusGahrnAndersen?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22413716/6122551/7364952/s65_rasmus.gahrn-andersen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":98,"name":"Semiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiotics?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false},{"id":1242,"name":"Language and Social 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href="https://www.academia.edu/78515824/A_Referential_Theory_of_Truth_and_Falsity_Prologue_and_Table_of_Contents">A Referential Theory of Truth and Falsity-Prologue & Table of Contents</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This book proposes a novel theory of truth and falsity. It argues that truth is a form of reference and falsity is a form of reference failure. Most of the philosophical literature on truth concentrates on certain ontological and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_78515824" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This book proposes a novel theory of truth and falsity. It argues that truth is a form of reference and falsity is a form of reference failure. Most of the philosophical literature on truth concentrates on certain ontological and epistemic problems. This book focuses instead on language. By utilizing the Fregean idea that sentences are singular referring expressions, the author develops novel connections between the philosophical study of truth and falsity and the huge literature in the philosophy of language on the notion of reference. The first part of the book constructs the author's theory and argues for it in length. Part II addresses the ways in which the theory relates to, and is different from, some of the basic theories of truth. Part III takes up how to account for the truth of sentences with logical operators and quantifiers. Finally, Part IV discusses the applications and implications of the theory for longstanding problems in philosophy of language, metaphysics, and epistemology. A Referential Theory of Truth and Falsity will appeal to researchers and advanced students working in philosophy of language, epistemology, metaphysics, and linguistics.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/78515824" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="95e5a432799aec591885252f7a393539" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85536482,"asset_id":78515824,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85536482/download_file?st=MTczMzE5OTYyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="100352" href="https://ku.academia.edu/ilhaninan">ilhan inan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="100352" type="text/json">{"id":100352,"first_name":"ilhan","last_name":"inan","domain_name":"ku","page_name":"ilhaninan","display_name":"ilhan inan","profile_url":"https://ku.academia.edu/ilhaninan?f_ri=49558","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/100352/27658/25470/s65_ilhan.inan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_78515824 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="78515824"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78515824, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_78515824", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78515824]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_78515824").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_78515824").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="78515824"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="804" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="804" type="text/json">{"id":804,"name":"Metaphysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="807" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language">Philosophy Of Language</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="807" type="text/json">{"id":807,"name":"Philosophy Of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="815" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemology">Epistemology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="815" type="text/json">{"id":815,"name":"Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemology?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1013" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reference">Reference</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1013" type="text/json">{"id":1013,"name":"Reference","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reference?f_ri=49558","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=78515824]'), work: {"id":78515824,"title":"A Referential Theory of Truth and Falsity-Prologue \u0026 Table of Contents","created_at":"2022-05-05T06:19:44.152-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/78515824/A_Referential_Theory_of_Truth_and_Falsity_Prologue_and_Table_of_Contents?f_ri=49558","dom_id":"work_78515824","summary":"This book proposes a novel theory of truth and falsity. It argues that truth is a form of reference and falsity is a form of reference failure. Most of the philosophical literature on truth concentrates on certain ontological and epistemic problems. This book focuses instead on language. By utilizing the Fregean idea that sentences are singular referring expressions, the author develops novel connections between the philosophical study of truth and falsity and the huge literature in the philosophy of language on the notion of reference. The first part of the book constructs the author's theory and argues for it in length. Part II addresses the ways in which the theory relates to, and is different from, some of the basic theories of truth. Part III takes up how to account for the truth of sentences with logical operators and quantifiers. Finally, Part IV discusses the applications and implications of the theory for longstanding problems in philosophy of language, metaphysics, and epistemology. 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