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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Gene Flow</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">3,163 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Gene Flow</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Gene_Flow">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_79635037 coauthored" data-work_id="79635037" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79635037/Mitochondrial_DNA_analysis_of_field_populations_of_Helicoverpa_armigera_Lepidoptera_Noctuidae_and_of_its_relationship_to_H_zea">Mitochondrial DNA analysis of field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and of its relationship to H. zea</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background Helicoverpa armigera and H. zea are amongst the most significant polyphagous pest lepidopteran species in the Old and New Worlds respectively. Separation of H. armigera and H. zea is difficult and is usually only achieved... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_79635037" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background Helicoverpa armigera and H. zea are amongst the most significant polyphagous pest lepidopteran species in the Old and New Worlds respectively. Separation of H. armigera and H. zea is difficult and is usually only achieved through morphological differences in the genitalia. They are capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring. The single species status of H. armigera has been doubted, due to its wide distribution and plant host range across the Old World. This study explores the global genetic diversity of H. armigera and its evolutionary relationship to H zea. Results We obtained partial (511 bp) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Cytochrome Oxidase-I (COI) sequences for 249 individuals of H. armigera sampled from Australia, Burkina Faso, Uganda, China, India and Pakistan which were associated with various host plants. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the partial COI gene differentiated H. armigera populations into 33 mtDNA haplotypes. Shared haplotypes betw...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79635037" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0c9080c7171cff58e63a03be9b90f42d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86282460,"asset_id":79635037,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86282460/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTM1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3309909" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GaneshBehere">Ganesh Behere</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3309909" type="text/json">{"id":3309909,"first_name":"Ganesh","last_name":"Behere","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GaneshBehere","display_name":"Ganesh Behere","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GaneshBehere?f_ri=4313","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3309909/1103537/1376103/s65_ganesh.behere.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-79635037">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-79635037"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/DerekRussell12">Derek Russell</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-79635037'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-79635037').html(); 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Separation of H. armigera and H. zea is difficult and is usually only achieved through morphological differences in the genitalia. They are capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring. The single species status of H. armigera has been doubted, due to its wide distribution and plant host range across the Old World. This study explores the global genetic diversity of H. armigera and its evolutionary relationship to H zea. Results We obtained partial (511 bp) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Cytochrome Oxidase-I (COI) sequences for 249 individuals of H. armigera sampled from Australia, Burkina Faso, Uganda, China, India and Pakistan which were associated with various host plants. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the partial COI gene differentiated H. armigera populations into 33 mtDNA haplotypes. Shared haplotypes betw...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86282460,"asset_id":79635037,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3309909,"first_name":"Ganesh","last_name":"Behere","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GaneshBehere","display_name":"Ganesh Behere","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GaneshBehere?f_ri=4313","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3309909/1103537/1376103/s65_ganesh.behere.jpg"},{"id":225259441,"first_name":"Derek","last_name":"Russell","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DerekRussell12","display_name":"Derek Russell","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DerekRussell12?f_ri=4313","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/225259441/82454975/71061246/s65_derek.russell.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=4313"},{"id":31356,"name":"Lepidoptera","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lepidoptera?f_ri=4313"},{"id":43028,"name":"Genetic Diversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Diversity?f_ri=4313"},{"id":63093,"name":"Mitochondrial DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_DNA?f_ri=4313"},{"id":81403,"name":"Burkina Faso","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Burkina_Faso?f_ri=4313"},{"id":86952,"name":"Haplotypes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Haplotypes?f_ri=4313"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=4313"},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=4313"},{"id":750576,"name":"Host Range","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Host_Range?f_ri=4313"},{"id":809882,"name":"Base Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Base_Sequence?f_ri=4313"},{"id":964206,"name":"Genetic Similarity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Similarity?f_ri=4313"},{"id":1155409,"name":"Genetic distance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_distance?f_ri=4313"},{"id":1302079,"name":"Host Plant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Host_Plant?f_ri=4313"},{"id":1714028,"name":"Long Distance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Distance?f_ri=4313"},{"id":1955033,"name":"Cytochrome Oxidase I","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytochrome_Oxidase_I?f_ri=4313"},{"id":1989141,"name":"Helicoverpa armigera","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Helicoverpa_armigera?f_ri=4313"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36448166" data-work_id="36448166" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36448166/Ecological_factors_affecting_gene_flow_between_populations_of_Anarthrophyllum_cumingii_Papilionaceae_growing_on_equatorial_and_polar_facing_slopes_in_the_Andes_of_Central_Chile">Ecological factors affecting gene flow between populations of Anarthrophyllum cumingii (Papilionaceae) growing on equatorial-and polar-facing slopes in the Andes of Central Chile</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the Andes of Central Chile, flowering commences 1–2 months earlier on equatorial-(north-) facing than on polar-(south-) facing slopes, and pollinator assemblages also differ between these habitats. In order to understand the potential... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36448166" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the Andes of Central Chile, flowering commences 1–2 months earlier on equatorial-(north-) facing than on polar-(south-) facing slopes, and pollinator assemblages also differ between these habitats. In order to understand the potential influence of these differences on gene flow, we monitored flowering periods and insect visitation rates to flowers of 60 individuals of Anarthrophyllum cumingii (Papilionaceae) on two equatorial-and two polar-facing slopes in the Andes of central Chile (33 35 0 S;70 32 0 W). Flowering began about 30 days earlier on equatorial-facing slopes. Flowering periods of individuals on slopes with the same aspect had a mean overlap of 0.52, while those on opposite slopes had a mean overlap of 0.15. On equatorial-facing slopes Yramea lathionoides (Lepidoptera) accounted for 60% of the visits to flowers of A. cumingii, while on polar-facing slopes Centris cineraria (Hymenoptera) was responsible for more than 80% of flower visits. Average similarities of visitor assemblages among individual plants on slopes with the same aspect was 0.83, while the mean similarity between individuals on opposite slopes was only 0.23. Within slopes fluorescent dyes were dispersed up to 40 m from the donor plants, but there was no movements of dyes between individuals growing on opposite slopes, even when they were separated by less than 10 m. Synchronous blooming and a common pollen vector are necessary conditions for pollen exchange between individuals. The overall probability of pollen exchange estimated by multiplying the inter-individual overlap for both factors, was nearly 0.5 for individuals growing on slopes with the same aspect, and less than 0.04 for individuals growing on opposite slopes. Consequently, at equivalent distances, the probability of pollen exchange between individuals growing on slopes of opposite aspect is more than 10-times lower than between those growing on the same slopes. Seed dispersal cannot compensate for restricted gene flow through pollination, because seeds of A. cumingii were dispersed less than 2 m away from a parent plant. Presumably, restricted gene flow could enhance genetic divergence between populations on slopes of contrasting aspects. This factor could be important in contributing to the high diversity and endemism in the Chilean Andes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36448166" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8e24d1f2780aeba7f2094416ca54b687" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56363018,"asset_id":36448166,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56363018/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTM1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="87881" href="https://unt.academia.edu/RicardoRozzi">Ricardo Rozzi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="87881" type="text/json">{"id":87881,"first_name":"Ricardo","last_name":"Rozzi","domain_name":"unt","page_name":"RicardoRozzi","display_name":"Ricardo Rozzi","profile_url":"https://unt.academia.edu/RicardoRozzi?f_ri=4313","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/87881/774250/962238/s65_ricardo.rozzi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36448166 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36448166"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36448166, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36448166", }); 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In order to understand the potential influence of these differences on gene flow, we monitored flowering periods and insect visitation rates to flowers of 60 individuals of Anarthrophyllum cumingii (Papilionaceae) on two equatorial-and two polar-facing slopes in the Andes of central Chile (33 35 0 S;70 32 0 W). Flowering began about 30 days earlier on equatorial-facing slopes. Flowering periods of individuals on slopes with the same aspect had a mean overlap of 0.52, while those on opposite slopes had a mean overlap of 0.15. On equatorial-facing slopes Yramea lathionoides (Lepidoptera) accounted for 60% of the visits to flowers of A. cumingii, while on polar-facing slopes Centris cineraria (Hymenoptera) was responsible for more than 80% of flower visits. Average similarities of visitor assemblages among individual plants on slopes with the same aspect was 0.83, while the mean similarity between individuals on opposite slopes was only 0.23. Within slopes fluorescent dyes were dispersed up to 40 m from the donor plants, but there was no movements of dyes between individuals growing on opposite slopes, even when they were separated by less than 10 m. Synchronous blooming and a common pollen vector are necessary conditions for pollen exchange between individuals. The overall probability of pollen exchange estimated by multiplying the inter-individual overlap for both factors, was nearly 0.5 for individuals growing on slopes with the same aspect, and less than 0.04 for individuals growing on opposite slopes. Consequently, at equivalent distances, the probability of pollen exchange between individuals growing on slopes of opposite aspect is more than 10-times lower than between those growing on the same slopes. Seed dispersal cannot compensate for restricted gene flow through pollination, because seeds of A. cumingii were dispersed less than 2 m away from a parent plant. Presumably, restricted gene flow could enhance genetic divergence between populations on slopes of contrasting aspects. 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The species is a Holocene immigrant from southwest Asia which, according to fossil... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_58473017" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The stone marten is a widely distributed mustelid in the Palaearctic region that exhibits variable habitat preferences in different parts of its range. The species is a Holocene immigrant from southwest Asia which, according to fossil remains, followed the expansion of the Neolithic farming cultures into Europe and possibly colonized the Iberian Peninsula during the Early Neolithic (ca. 7,000 years BP). However, the population genetic structure and historical biogeography of this generalist carnivore remains essentially unknown. In this study we have combined mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing (621 bp) and microsatellite genotyping (23 polymorphic markers) to infer the population genetic structure of the stone marten within the Iberian Peninsula. The mtDNA data revealed low haplotype and nucleotide diversities and a lack of phylogeographic structure, most likely due to a recent colonization of the Iberian Peninsula by a few mtDNA lineages during the Early Neolithic. The microsatel...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/58473017" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0fc4d407b60bfd9db9ae6eb8c56bdb5b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72867148,"asset_id":58473017,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72867148/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTM1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7335670" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AritzRuizGonzalez">Aritz Ruiz-Gonzalez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7335670" type="text/json">{"id":7335670,"first_name":"Aritz","last_name":"Ruiz-Gonzalez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AritzRuizGonzalez","display_name":"Aritz Ruiz-Gonzalez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AritzRuizGonzalez?f_ri=4313","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_58473017 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="58473017"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 58473017, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_58473017", }); 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The species is a Holocene immigrant from southwest Asia which, according to fossil remains, followed the expansion of the Neolithic farming cultures into Europe and possibly colonized the Iberian Peninsula during the Early Neolithic (ca. 7,000 years BP). However, the population genetic structure and historical biogeography of this generalist carnivore remains essentially unknown. In this study we have combined mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing (621 bp) and microsatellite genotyping (23 polymorphic markers) to infer the population genetic structure of the stone marten within the Iberian Peninsula. The mtDNA data revealed low haplotype and nucleotide diversities and a lack of phylogeographic structure, most likely due to a recent colonization of the Iberian Peninsula by a few mtDNA lineages during the Early Neolithic. The microsatel...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72867148,"asset_id":58473017,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7335670,"first_name":"Aritz","last_name":"Ruiz-Gonzalez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AritzRuizGonzalez","display_name":"Aritz Ruiz-Gonzalez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AritzRuizGonzalez?f_ri=4313","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4206,"name":"Phylogeography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeography?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":4480,"name":"Population Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Genetics?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":5069,"name":"Principal Component 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caissara)\u003c/i\u003e","created_at":"2016-10-01T09:07:03.629-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28849358/Genetic_Analysis_Reveals_Population_Structuring_and_a_Bottleneck_in_the_Black_Faced_Lion_Tamarin_i_Leontopithecus_caissara_i_?f_ri=4313","dom_id":"work_28849358","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49269663,"asset_id":28849358,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8543512,"first_name":"Claudio","last_name":"Padua","domain_name":"escas","page_name":"ClaudioPadua","display_name":"Claudio Padua","profile_url":"https://escas.academia.edu/ClaudioPadua?f_ri=4313","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":4313,"name":"Gene 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American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_American?f_ri=4313"},{"id":1934791,"name":"Gene pool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_pool?f_ri=4313"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11274411" data-work_id="11274411" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11274411/Genetic_Divergence_in_the_cacophony_IVS6_Intron_Among_Five_BrazilianPopulations_of_Lutzomyia_longipalpis">Genetic Divergence in the cacophony IVS6 Intron Among Five BrazilianPopulations of Lutzomyia longipalpis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Genes involved in the reproductive isolation are particularly useful as molecular markers in speciation studies. Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), a putative species complex, is a vector of visceral... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11274411" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Genes involved in the reproductive isolation are particularly useful as molecular markers in speciation studies. Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), a putative species complex, is a vector of visceral leishmaniasis in Latin America. We isolated from this species a fragment homologous to cacophony, a Drosophila gene that encodes features of the lovesong, an acoustic signal that is important in the sexual isolation of closely related species and known to vary considerably among L. longipalpis putative siblings species. Using an intron of the sandfly cacophony as a marker, we analyzed the molecular variation and sequence divergence among five populations of L. longipalpis from Brazil, three allopatric (Jacobina, Lapinha and Natal) and two putative sympatric sibling species from the locality of Sobral. A high level of polymorphism was found and analysis of the data indicates that very little gene flow is occurring among the populations of Jacobina, Lapinha, and Natal. A high level of differentiation was also observed between the two putative sympatric species of Sobral, one of which seems to be the same sibling species found in Natal, while the other is somewhat more related to Jacobina and Lapinha. However, the amount of estimated gene flow among the Sobral siblings is about seven times higher than the previously estimated for period, another lovesong gene, perhaps indicating that introgression might be affecting cacophony more than period. The results suggest that L. longipalpis is not a single species in Brazil, but it is yet not clear whether the different populations studied deserve species status rather than representing an incipient speciation process.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11274411" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="de4918df7915df1e3db048f41d632da0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46777019,"asset_id":11274411,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46777019/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTM1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27222371" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SolangeOliveira2">Solange Oliveira</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27222371" type="text/json">{"id":27222371,"first_name":"Solange","last_name":"Oliveira","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SolangeOliveira2","display_name":"Solange Oliveira","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SolangeOliveira2?f_ri=4313","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11274411 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11274411"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11274411, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11274411", }); 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Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), a putative species complex, is a vector of visceral leishmaniasis in Latin America. We isolated from this species a fragment homologous to cacophony, a Drosophila gene that encodes features of the lovesong, an acoustic signal that is important in the sexual isolation of closely related species and known to vary considerably among L. longipalpis putative siblings species. Using an intron of the sandfly cacophony as a marker, we analyzed the molecular variation and sequence divergence among five populations of L. longipalpis from Brazil, three allopatric (Jacobina, Lapinha and Natal) and two putative sympatric sibling species from the locality of Sobral. A high level of polymorphism was found and analysis of the data indicates that very little gene flow is occurring among the populations of Jacobina, Lapinha, and Natal. A high level of differentiation was also observed between the two putative sympatric species of Sobral, one of which seems to be the same sibling species found in Natal, while the other is somewhat more related to Jacobina and Lapinha. However, the amount of estimated gene flow among the Sobral siblings is about seven times higher than the previously estimated for period, another lovesong gene, perhaps indicating that introgression might be affecting cacophony more than period. The results suggest that L. longipalpis is not a single species in Brazil, but it is yet not clear whether the different populations studied deserve species status rather than representing an incipient speciation process.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46777019,"asset_id":11274411,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27222371,"first_name":"Solange","last_name":"Oliveira","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SolangeOliveira2","display_name":"Solange Oliveira","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SolangeOliveira2?f_ri=4313","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary 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biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=4313"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=4313"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70962092" data-work_id="70962092" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70962092/Reproductive_isolation_in_a_threespine_stickleback_hybrid_zone">Reproductive isolation in a threespine stickleback hybrid zone</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm 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Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313"},{"id":4559,"name":"Reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction?f_ri=4313"},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=4313"},{"id":10866,"name":"Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphology?f_ri=4313"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=4313"},{"id":64943,"name":"Hybridisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hybridisation?f_ri=4313"},{"id":91566,"name":"Genetic Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Structure?f_ri=4313"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=4313"},{"id":131237,"name":"Cluster Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cluster_Analysis?f_ri=4313"},{"id":151887,"name":"Microsatellite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microsatellite?f_ri=4313"},{"id":184711,"name":"Shape","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shape?f_ri=4313"},{"id":358670,"name":"Reproductive Isolation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproductive_Isolation?f_ri=4313"},{"id":372410,"name":"Genotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genotype?f_ri=4313"},{"id":880279,"name":"Bayes Theorem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bayes_Theorem-1?f_ri=4313"},{"id":1232430,"name":"Genetic Markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Markers?f_ri=4313"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4654510" data-work_id="4654510" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4654510/Molecular_genetic_analyses_reveal_cryptic_species_of_trematodes_in_the_intertidal_gastropod_Crosse">Molecular-genetic analyses reveal cryptic species of trematodes in the intertidal gastropod, (Crosse</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4654510" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="122468bb197e9944ecfc0bf1e6766725" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4313" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow">Gene Flow</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4313" type="text/json">{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19632" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Genetics">Molecular Genetics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19632" type="text/json">{"id":19632,"name":"Molecular Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Genetics?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4654510]'), work: {"id":4654510,"title":"Molecular-genetic analyses reveal cryptic species of trematodes in the intertidal gastropod, (Crosse","created_at":"2013-10-02T08:16:36.972-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4654510/Molecular_genetic_analyses_reveal_cryptic_species_of_trematodes_in_the_intertidal_gastropod_Crosse?f_ri=4313","dom_id":"work_4654510","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49718105,"asset_id":4654510,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5895971,"first_name":"Eleca","last_name":"Dunham","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElecaDunham","display_name":"Eleca Dunham","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElecaDunham?f_ri=4313","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":19632,"name":"Molecular Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Genetics?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":54433,"name":"Phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny?f_ri=4313"},{"id":77756,"name":"Trematoda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trematoda?f_ri=4313"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=4313"},{"id":118339,"name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction?f_ri=4313"},{"id":160843,"name":"Cryptic Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cryptic_Species?f_ri=4313"},{"id":165450,"name":"Species identification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Species_identification?f_ri=4313"},{"id":168668,"name":"Species Diversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Species_Diversity?f_ri=4313"},{"id":175619,"name":"Mollusca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mollusca?f_ri=4313"},{"id":345361,"name":"Geographic distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geographic_distribution?f_ri=4313"},{"id":537505,"name":"For","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/For?f_ri=4313"},{"id":577933,"name":"Genetic variation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_variation?f_ri=4313"},{"id":589755,"name":"Host Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Host_Specificity?f_ri=4313"},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences?f_ri=4313"},{"id":707213,"name":"Genetic Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Analysis?f_ri=4313"},{"id":809882,"name":"Base Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Base_Sequence?f_ri=4313"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=4313"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11073961" data-work_id="11073961" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11073961/High_genetic_variation_in_marginal_fragmented_populations_at_extreme_climatic_conditions_of_the_Patagonian_Cypress_Austrocedrus_chilensis">High genetic variation in marginal fragmented populations at extreme climatic conditions of the Patagonian Cypress Austrocedrus chilensis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Knowledge about current patterns of genetic structure of populations together with the evolutionary history of a species helps to understand and predict the adaptation of populations to future climate change. We assayed variation at... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11073961" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Knowledge about current patterns of genetic structure of populations together with the evolutionary history of a species helps to understand and predict the adaptation of populations to future climate change. We assayed variation at nuclear microsatellite markers among peripheral vs. continuous populations of the temperate South American species Austrocedrus chilensis, to investigate the role of historical vs. demographical forces in shaping population genetic structure. This species occurs in continuous populations in the west and central distribution range, but becomes highly fragmented at the eastern limit, which comprised ice-free areas during Quaternary glaciations and has extreme climatic conditions at present times. Bayesian analysis methods identified two contrasting patterns of genetic structure; (I) populations from humid, mesic and peri-glacial regions formed a single deme with relatively low genetic differentiation and high admixture levels whereas (II) a highly heterogeneous genetic structure with low level of admixture was found in the steppe, towards the east and northeast limit of the distribution range. In the steppe, population fragmentation, restricted gene flow and isolation-by-distance were also inferred. In addition, several small steppe populations showed high genetic diversity and divergent gene pools, suggesting that they constitute ancient refuges from pre-Holocene glaciations with just a subgroup of them contributing significantly to post-glacial spread. These results are discussed in relation to patterns of genetic variation found for other temperate species and the contribution of the particular southern Andes topography and climate to post-glacial spread.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11073961" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ecebfd8f72a162fd84a13e2fc213eeef" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46922429,"asset_id":11073961,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46922429/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTM1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26771227" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AranaMaria">Maria Arana</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26771227" type="text/json">{"id":26771227,"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Arana","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AranaMaria","display_name":"Maria Arana","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AranaMaria?f_ri=4313","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11073961 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11073961"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11073961, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11073961", }); 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We assayed variation at nuclear microsatellite markers among peripheral vs. continuous populations of the temperate South American species Austrocedrus chilensis, to investigate the role of historical vs. demographical forces in shaping population genetic structure. This species occurs in continuous populations in the west and central distribution range, but becomes highly fragmented at the eastern limit, which comprised ice-free areas during Quaternary glaciations and has extreme climatic conditions at present times. Bayesian analysis methods identified two contrasting patterns of genetic structure; (I) populations from humid, mesic and peri-glacial regions formed a single deme with relatively low genetic differentiation and high admixture levels whereas (II) a highly heterogeneous genetic structure with low level of admixture was found in the steppe, towards the east and northeast limit of the distribution range. In the steppe, population fragmentation, restricted gene flow and isolation-by-distance were also inferred. In addition, several small steppe populations showed high genetic diversity and divergent gene pools, suggesting that they constitute ancient refuges from pre-Holocene glaciations with just a subgroup of them contributing significantly to post-glacial spread. These results are discussed in relation to patterns of genetic variation found for other temperate species and the contribution of the particular southern Andes topography and climate to post-glacial spread.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46922429,"asset_id":11073961,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26771227,"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Arana","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AranaMaria","display_name":"Maria Arana","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AranaMaria?f_ri=4313","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary 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Phylogenetic relationships between Falco biarmicus and the other hierofalcons (Aves: Falconidae)","created_at":"2015-11-17T05:03:47.763-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18501117/Out_of_Africa_Phylogenetic_relationships_between_Falco_biarmicus_and_the_other_hierofalcons_Aves_Falconidae_?f_ri=4313","dom_id":"work_18501117","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40098078,"asset_id":18501117,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38528140,"first_name":"Anita","last_name":"Gamauf","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnitaGamauf","display_name":"Anita Gamauf","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnitaGamauf?f_ri=4313","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":38642384,"first_name":"Elisabeth","last_name":"Haring","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElisabethHaring","display_name":"Elisabeth Haring","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElisabethHaring?f_ri=4313","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":3855,"name":"Polymorphism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymorphism?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":82270,"name":"Close relationships","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Close_relationships?f_ri=4313"},{"id":129386,"name":"DNA sequence design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_sequence_design?f_ri=4313"},{"id":151749,"name":"Molecular phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_phylogeny?f_ri=4313"},{"id":220650,"name":"Zoological Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoological_Medicine?f_ri=4313"},{"id":424423,"name":"Control Region","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Region?f_ri=4313"},{"id":702183,"name":"Maximum Parsimony","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maximum_Parsimony?f_ri=4313"},{"id":707213,"name":"Genetic Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Analysis?f_ri=4313"},{"id":762229,"name":"Geographic Range","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geographic_Range?f_ri=4313"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_895629" data-work_id="895629" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/895629/Stynder_D_D_Ackermann_R_and_Sealy_J_2007_Craniofacial_variation_and_population_continuity_during_the_South_African_Holocene_American_Journal_of_Physical_Anthropology_134_489_500">Stynder, D. D., Ackermann, R. and Sealy, J. (2007). Craniofacial variation and population continuity during the South African Holocene. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 134: 489-500.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We assess craniometric variation in 153 individually dated human crania from South Africa with the aim of investigating genetic continuity/discontinuity during the Holocene. Evidence from the archaeological record is used to pinpoint... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_895629" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We assess craniometric variation in 153 individually dated human crania from South Africa with the aim of investigating genetic continuity/discontinuity during the Holocene. Evidence from the archaeological record is used to pinpoint likely episodes of genetic discontinuity. Craniometric data are then used to assess the likelihood of genetic change having occurred. Two periods of possible genetic discontinuity are identified: i) c. 4,000 BP, when an increase in overall population size, shifts in site organization and diet, and reduced mobility, were accompanied by reductions in stature; ii) c. 2,000 BP, when the herding of domesticates and the use of pottery vessels were introduced into the region. Results indicate that there was a decrease in cranial size and concomitant size-related changes in craniofacial shape between c.4,000 BP and 3,000 BP. This was followed almost immediately by a recovery in craniofacial size and a return to pre-4,000 BP craniofacial shape at c. 3,000 BP. This recovery continued gradually, extending into the herder period without any major shifts in morphology at 2,000 BP. It is suggested that the fluctuations in craniofacial size/shape were related to changes in environmental factors. Results obtained are consistent with long term continuity in South African Later Stone Age populations during the Holocene.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/895629" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d6d9d8fa98f2798f720f638a276d3389" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51175982,"asset_id":895629,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51175982/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTM1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="685984" href="https://uct.academia.edu/DeanoStynder">Deano Stynder</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="685984" type="text/json">{"id":685984,"first_name":"Deano","last_name":"Stynder","domain_name":"uct","page_name":"DeanoStynder","display_name":"Deano Stynder","profile_url":"https://uct.academia.edu/DeanoStynder?f_ri=4313","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/685984/243245/3092568/s65_deano.stynder.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_895629 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="895629"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 895629, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_895629", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=895629]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_895629").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_895629").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="895629"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="768" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Anthropology">Biological Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="768" type="text/json">{"id":768,"name":"Biological Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Anthropology?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1790" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Craniofacial_Morphology">Craniofacial Morphology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1790" type="text/json">{"id":1790,"name":"Craniofacial Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Craniofacial_Morphology?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4313" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow">Gene Flow</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4313" type="text/json">{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42252" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Pleistocene_to_Early_Holocene">Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="42252" type="text/json">{"id":42252,"name":"Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Pleistocene_to_Early_Holocene?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=895629]'), work: {"id":895629,"title":"Stynder, D. D., Ackermann, R. and Sealy, J. (2007). Craniofacial variation and population continuity during the South African Holocene. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 134: 489-500.","created_at":"2011-09-07T17:24:36.981-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/895629/Stynder_D_D_Ackermann_R_and_Sealy_J_2007_Craniofacial_variation_and_population_continuity_during_the_South_African_Holocene_American_Journal_of_Physical_Anthropology_134_489_500?f_ri=4313","dom_id":"work_895629","summary":"We assess craniometric variation in 153 individually dated human crania from South Africa with the aim of investigating genetic continuity/discontinuity during the Holocene. Evidence from the archaeological record is used to pinpoint likely episodes of genetic discontinuity. Craniometric data are then used to assess the likelihood of genetic change having occurred. Two periods of possible genetic discontinuity are identified: i) c. 4,000 BP, when an increase in overall population size, shifts in site organization and diet, and reduced mobility, were accompanied by reductions in stature; ii) c. 2,000 BP, when the herding of domesticates and the use of pottery vessels were introduced into the region. Results indicate that there was a decrease in cranial size and concomitant size-related changes in craniofacial shape between c.4,000 BP and 3,000 BP. This was followed almost immediately by a recovery in craniofacial size and a return to pre-4,000 BP craniofacial shape at c. 3,000 BP. This recovery continued gradually, extending into the herder period without any major shifts in morphology at 2,000 BP. It is suggested that the fluctuations in craniofacial size/shape were related to changes in environmental factors. Results obtained are consistent with long term continuity in South African Later Stone Age populations during the Holocene.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51175982,"asset_id":895629,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":685984,"first_name":"Deano","last_name":"Stynder","domain_name":"uct","page_name":"DeanoStynder","display_name":"Deano Stynder","profile_url":"https://uct.academia.edu/DeanoStynder?f_ri=4313","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/685984/243245/3092568/s65_deano.stynder.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":768,"name":"Biological Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Anthropology?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":1790,"name":"Craniofacial Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Craniofacial_Morphology?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":42252,"name":"Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Pleistocene_to_Early_Holocene?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":61127,"name":"Rock art studies, Later Stone Age archaeology, Khoisan ethnography, ethnohistory, and history, and archaeological materials analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rock_art_studies_Later_Stone_Age_archaeology_Khoisan_ethnography_ethnohistory_and_history_and_a?f_ri=4313"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_59333220" data-work_id="59333220" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59333220/The_second_intron_of_AGAMOUS_drives_carpel_and_stamen_specific_expression_sufficient_to_induce_complete_sterility_in_Arabidopsis">The second intron of AGAMOUS drives carpel- and stamen-specific expression sufficient to induce complete sterility in Arabidopsis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/59333220" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e50637e234a4d7ca23ea38514f724a4c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73310991,"asset_id":59333220,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73310991/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTM1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="114439701" href="https://umcp.academia.edu/ZhongchiLiu">Zhongchi Liu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="114439701" type="text/json">{"id":114439701,"first_name":"Zhongchi","last_name":"Liu","domain_name":"umcp","page_name":"ZhongchiLiu","display_name":"Zhongchi Liu","profile_url":"https://umcp.academia.edu/ZhongchiLiu?f_ri=4313","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_59333220 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="59333220"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 59333220, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_59333220", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_59333220 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59333220; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_59333220"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_59333220 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="59333220"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59333220; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=59333220]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_59333220").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_59333220").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="59333220"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4313" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow">Gene Flow</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4313" type="text/json">{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5541" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology">Plant Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5541" type="text/json">{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27784" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression">Gene expression</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27784" type="text/json">{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130822" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flowers">Flowers</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="130822" type="text/json">{"id":130822,"name":"Flowers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flowers?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=59333220]'), work: {"id":59333220,"title":"The second intron of AGAMOUS drives carpel- and stamen-specific expression sufficient to induce complete sterility in Arabidopsis","created_at":"2021-10-21T09:45:35.773-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/59333220/The_second_intron_of_AGAMOUS_drives_carpel_and_stamen_specific_expression_sufficient_to_induce_complete_sterility_in_Arabidopsis?f_ri=4313","dom_id":"work_59333220","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73310991,"asset_id":59333220,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":114439701,"first_name":"Zhongchi","last_name":"Liu","domain_name":"umcp","page_name":"ZhongchiLiu","display_name":"Zhongchi Liu","profile_url":"https://umcp.academia.edu/ZhongchiLiu?f_ri=4313","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":130822,"name":"Flowers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flowers?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":153049,"name":"Transgenic Crops","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transgenic_Crops?f_ri=4313"},{"id":177876,"name":"Sterilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sterilization?f_ri=4313"},{"id":202413,"name":"Arabidopsis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabidopsis?f_ri=4313"},{"id":213897,"name":"Phenotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenotype?f_ri=4313"},{"id":262311,"name":"Transgenic plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transgenic_plants?f_ri=4313"},{"id":283547,"name":"Introns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Introns?f_ri=4313"},{"id":578762,"name":"Economic Value","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Value?f_ri=4313"},{"id":602609,"name":"Intron","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intron?f_ri=4313"},{"id":1243158,"name":"Transgenic plant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transgenic_plant?f_ri=4313"},{"id":1933056,"name":"Vegetative Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vegetative_Growth?f_ri=4313"},{"id":1943314,"name":"Tissue Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tissue_Specificity?f_ri=4313"},{"id":1944474,"name":"Diphtheria Toxin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diphtheria_Toxin?f_ri=4313"},{"id":2822285,"name":"Wild Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wild_Species?f_ri=4313"},{"id":3067128,"name":"reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/reverse_transcriptase_polymerase_chain_reaction?f_ri=4313"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48415433" data-work_id="48415433" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48415433/The_city_fox_phenomenon_genetic_consequences_of_a_recent_colonization_of_urban_habitat">The city-fox phenomenon: genetic consequences of a recent colonization of urban habitat</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48415433" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="360e06fd6878b5d106c4ba59e15588d0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67060777,"asset_id":48415433,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67060777/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTM1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35012232" href="https://independent.academia.edu/StephanMFunk">Stephan M. Funk</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35012232" type="text/json">{"id":35012232,"first_name":"Stephan M.","last_name":"Funk","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StephanMFunk","display_name":"Stephan M. 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Ex Hayne na Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, SP. Spatial genetic structure of Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. Ex Hayne in the Ecological Station of Itirapina, SP</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30428018" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="70bb02e1854abbb389d5435bd029fedf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50871834,"asset_id":30428018,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50871834/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTM1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="58006357" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GabrielaDefavari">Gabriela Defavari</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="58006357" type="text/json">{"id":58006357,"first_name":"Gabriela","last_name":"Defavari","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GabrielaDefavari","display_name":"Gabriela Defavari","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GabrielaDefavari?f_ri=4313","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30428018 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30428018"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30428018, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30428018", }); 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Ex Hayne in the Ecological Station of Itirapina, SP","created_at":"2016-12-13T14:25:25.030-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30428018/Estrutura_gen%C3%A9tica_espacial_intrapopulacional_de_Hymenaea_stigonocarpa_Mart_Ex_Hayne_na_Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Ecol%C3%B3gica_de_Itirapina_SP_Spatial_genetic_structure_of_Hymenaea_stigonocarpa_Mart_Ex_Hayne_in_the_Ecological_Station_of_Itirapina_SP?f_ri=4313","dom_id":"work_30428018","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50871834,"asset_id":30428018,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":58006357,"first_name":"Gabriela","last_name":"Defavari","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GabrielaDefavari","display_name":"Gabriela Defavari","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GabrielaDefavari?f_ri=4313","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":43028,"name":"Genetic Diversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Diversity?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":91566,"name":"Genetic Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Structure?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":586072,"name":"Plant species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_species?f_ri=4313"},{"id":749302,"name":"Indexation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indexation?f_ri=4313"},{"id":1002732,"name":"Genetic Variability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Variability?f_ri=4313"},{"id":1738247,"name":"Founder Effect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Founder_Effect?f_ri=4313"},{"id":1776709,"name":"Vegetative Propagation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vegetative_Propagation?f_ri=4313"},{"id":1892772,"name":"Conservation strategies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_strategies?f_ri=4313"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3240166" data-work_id="3240166" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3240166/Characterization_of_microsatellite_loci_from_a_South_African_endemic_the_Cape_Dwarf_Chameleon_Bradypodion_pumilum_">Characterization of microsatellite loci from a South African endemic, the Cape Dwarf Chameleon ( Bradypodion pumilum )</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Cape Dwarf Chameleon (Bradypodion pumilum) is an endemic South African species that is currently threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation of its natural habitat through urbanization and agriculture. To conduct studies that will... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3240166" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Cape Dwarf Chameleon (Bradypodion pumilum) is an endemic South African species that is currently threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation of its natural habitat through urbanization and agriculture. To conduct studies that will assist in understanding these anthropogenic effects on gene flow, population structure, and genetic diversity, we developed eight microsatellite loci using an enrichment protocol. Number of alleles ranged from 5 to 26 with observed heterozygosities of 0.279–0.930. Several loci did not meet HW expectations, but this may be a result of extreme demographic fluctuations that have been noted for this species. These loci will prove useful to examine the population genetics of these threatened reptiles and for providing information that will be used for generating and updating conservation assessments.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3240166" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5bb6e9af273d7c85042217934b20706f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50395796,"asset_id":3240166,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50395796/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTM1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2717901" href="https://fieldmuseum.academia.edu/KevinFeldheim">Kevin Feldheim</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2717901" type="text/json">{"id":2717901,"first_name":"Kevin","last_name":"Feldheim","domain_name":"fieldmuseum","page_name":"KevinFeldheim","display_name":"Kevin Feldheim","profile_url":"https://fieldmuseum.academia.edu/KevinFeldheim?f_ri=4313","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2717901/875067/1092331/s65_kevin.feldheim.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3240166 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3240166"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3240166, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3240166", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3240166]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3240166").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3240166").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3240166"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4209" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Genetics">Conservation Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4209" type="text/json">{"id":4209,"name":"Conservation Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Genetics?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4313" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow">Gene Flow</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4313" type="text/json">{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4480" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Genetics">Population Genetics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4480" type="text/json">{"id":4480,"name":"Population Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Genetics?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3240166]'), work: {"id":3240166,"title":"Characterization of microsatellite loci from a South African endemic, the Cape Dwarf Chameleon ( Bradypodion pumilum )","created_at":"2013-04-07T22:51:10.591-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3240166/Characterization_of_microsatellite_loci_from_a_South_African_endemic_the_Cape_Dwarf_Chameleon_Bradypodion_pumilum_?f_ri=4313","dom_id":"work_3240166","summary":"The Cape Dwarf Chameleon (Bradypodion pumilum) is an endemic South African species that is currently threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation of its natural habitat through urbanization and agriculture. To conduct studies that will assist in understanding these anthropogenic effects on gene flow, population structure, and genetic diversity, we developed eight microsatellite loci using an enrichment protocol. Number of alleles ranged from 5 to 26 with observed heterozygosities of 0.279–0.930. Several loci did not meet HW expectations, but this may be a result of extreme demographic fluctuations that have been noted for this species. These loci will prove useful to examine the population genetics of these threatened reptiles and for providing information that will be used for generating and updating conservation assessments.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50395796,"asset_id":3240166,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2717901,"first_name":"Kevin","last_name":"Feldheim","domain_name":"fieldmuseum","page_name":"KevinFeldheim","display_name":"Kevin Feldheim","profile_url":"https://fieldmuseum.academia.edu/KevinFeldheim?f_ri=4313","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2717901/875067/1092331/s65_kevin.feldheim.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":4209,"name":"Conservation Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Genetics?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":4480,"name":"Population Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Genetics?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":43028,"name":"Genetic Diversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Diversity?f_ri=4313"},{"id":56390,"name":"Population structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_structure?f_ri=4313"},{"id":87053,"name":"Microsatellites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microsatellites?f_ri=4313"},{"id":211404,"name":"Habitat loss","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Habitat_loss?f_ri=4313"},{"id":251111,"name":"South African","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_African?f_ri=4313"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13720371 coauthored" data-work_id="13720371" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13720371/Ecological_explanations_for_incomplete_speciation">Ecological explanations for (incomplete) speciation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13720371" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5900dde36c2f027205c8826ab8d0e290" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":32847274,"first_name":"Patrik","last_name":"Nosil","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PatrikNosil","display_name":"Patrik Nosil","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PatrikNosil?f_ri=4313","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13720371">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13720371"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/oleseehausen">ole seehausen</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13720371'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13720371').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13720371 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u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4313" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow">Gene Flow</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4313" type="text/json">{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11417" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Dynamics">Population Dynamics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11417" type="text/json">{"id":11417,"name":"Population Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Dynamics?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58054" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences">Environmental Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="58054" type="text/json">{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13720371]'), work: {"id":13720371,"title":"Ecological explanations for (incomplete) speciation","created_at":"2015-07-06T14:50:09.101-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13720371/Ecological_explanations_for_incomplete_speciation?f_ri=4313","dom_id":"work_13720371","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45022121,"asset_id":13720371,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32847274,"first_name":"Patrik","last_name":"Nosil","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PatrikNosil","display_name":"Patrik Nosil","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PatrikNosil?f_ri=4313","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":7541539,"first_name":"ole","last_name":"seehausen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"oleseehausen","display_name":"ole seehausen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/oleseehausen?f_ri=4313","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":11417,"name":"Population Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Dynamics?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=4313"},{"id":301312,"name":"Divergent Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Divergent_Selection?f_ri=4313"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_51834792" data-work_id="51834792" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51834792/Gene_Flow_in_Natural_Populations_of_DROSOPHILA_MELANOGASTER_with_Special_Reference_to_Lethal_Allelism_Rates_and_Protein_Variation">Gene Flow in Natural Populations of DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER with Special Reference to Lethal Allelism Rates and Protein Variation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A simultaneous survey of 14 protein loci, together with frequencies and within- and between-population allelism rates of lethal chromosomes, was carried out in five (four Japanese and one Korean) natural populations and one cage... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_51834792" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A simultaneous survey of 14 protein loci, together with frequencies and within- and between-population allelism rates of lethal chromosomes, was carried out in five (four Japanese and one Korean) natural populations and one cage population of Drosophila melanogaster. It was found that lethal allelism rates decrease rapidly as geographic distance between two populations increases, while variation at protein loci shows a remarkable similarity over all populations examined. These findings suggest that there are very high levels of gene flow in these natural populations and that selection at protein loci which can maintain substantial geographic variation, if present, is overshadowed by gene flow. There is no indication that invasion of D. melanogaster to the Far East occurred so recently that the frequencies of lethal chromosomes are still in nonequilibrium.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/51834792" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fc6254ce751729602a667bdc7109e0a5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69380705,"asset_id":51834792,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69380705/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTM1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38302016" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NTakahata">N. Takahata</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38302016" type="text/json">{"id":38302016,"first_name":"N.","last_name":"Takahata","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NTakahata","display_name":"N. Takahata","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NTakahata?f_ri=4313","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_51834792 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="51834792"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 51834792, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_51834792", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_51834792 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51834792; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_51834792"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_51834792 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="51834792"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51834792; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51834792]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_51834792").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_51834792").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="51834792"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3855" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymorphism">Polymorphism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3855" type="text/json">{"id":3855,"name":"Polymorphism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymorphism?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4313" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow">Gene Flow</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4313" type="text/json">{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4480" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Genetics">Population Genetics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4480" type="text/json">{"id":4480,"name":"Population Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Genetics?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=51834792]'), work: {"id":51834792,"title":"Gene Flow in Natural Populations of DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER with Special Reference to Lethal Allelism Rates and Protein Variation","created_at":"2021-09-11T04:33:54.954-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/51834792/Gene_Flow_in_Natural_Populations_of_DROSOPHILA_MELANOGASTER_with_Special_Reference_to_Lethal_Allelism_Rates_and_Protein_Variation?f_ri=4313","dom_id":"work_51834792","summary":"A simultaneous survey of 14 protein loci, together with frequencies and within- and between-population allelism rates of lethal chromosomes, was carried out in five (four Japanese and one Korean) natural populations and one cage population of Drosophila melanogaster. It was found that lethal allelism rates decrease rapidly as geographic distance between two populations increases, while variation at protein loci shows a remarkable similarity over all populations examined. These findings suggest that there are very high levels of gene flow in these natural populations and that selection at protein loci which can maintain substantial geographic variation, if present, is overshadowed by gene flow. There is no indication that invasion of D. melanogaster to the Far East occurred so recently that the frequencies of lethal chromosomes are still in nonequilibrium.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69380705,"asset_id":51834792,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38302016,"first_name":"N.","last_name":"Takahata","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NTakahata","display_name":"N. Takahata","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NTakahata?f_ri=4313","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":3855,"name":"Polymorphism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymorphism?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":4480,"name":"Population Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Genetics?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":151959,"name":"Population Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Size?f_ri=4313"},{"id":181569,"name":"Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteins?f_ri=4313"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24636534" data-work_id="24636534" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24636534/Genetic_variability_and_phylogeographical_patterns_of_a_nonindigenous_species_invasion_a_comparison_of_exotic_vs_native_zebra_and_quagga_mussel_populations">Genetic variability and phylogeographical patterns of a nonindigenous species invasion: a comparison of exotic vs. native zebra and quagga mussel populations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24636534" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" 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In this study, we evaluated hypotheses about the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on genetic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27678507" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Dispersal and gene flow within animal populations are influenced by the composition and configuration of the landscape. In this study, we evaluated hypotheses about the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on genetic differentiation in two amphibian species, the spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) and the wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) in a commercial forest in central Maine. We conducted this analysis at two scales: a local level, focused on factors measured at each breeding pond, and a landscape level, focused on factors measured between ponds. We investigated the effects of a number of environmental factors in six categories including Productivity, Physical, Land Composition, Land Configuration, Isolation and Location. Embryos were sampled from 56 spotted salamander breeding ponds and 39 wood frog breeding ponds. We used a hierarchical Bayesian approach in the program GESTE at each breeding pond and a random forest algorithm in conjunction with a network analysis b...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27678507" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="799b46f38d7a08c07fbd0b4bc3947b6e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47944747,"asset_id":27678507,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47944747/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTM2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51908226" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KimberlyBabbitt">Kimberly Babbitt</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51908226" type="text/json">{"id":51908226,"first_name":"Kimberly","last_name":"Babbitt","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KimberlyBabbitt","display_name":"Kimberly Babbitt","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KimberlyBabbitt?f_ri=4313","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27678507 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27678507"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27678507, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27678507", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27678507]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27678507").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27678507").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27678507"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="428" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms">Algorithms</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="428" type="text/json">{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4313" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow">Gene Flow</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4313" type="text/json">{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4480" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Genetics">Population Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4480" type="text/json">{"id":4480,"name":"Population Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Genetics?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46119" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Ecology">Molecular Ecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="46119" type="text/json">{"id":46119,"name":"Molecular Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Ecology?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27678507]'), work: {"id":27678507,"title":"Limited influence of local and landscape factors on finescale gene flow in two pond-breeding amphibians","created_at":"2016-08-10T06:31:20.691-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27678507/Limited_influence_of_local_and_landscape_factors_on_finescale_gene_flow_in_two_pond_breeding_amphibians?f_ri=4313","dom_id":"work_27678507","summary":"Dispersal and gene flow within animal populations are influenced by the composition and configuration of the landscape. In this study, we evaluated hypotheses about the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on genetic differentiation in two amphibian species, the spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) and the wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) in a commercial forest in central Maine. We conducted this analysis at two scales: a local level, focused on factors measured at each breeding pond, and a landscape level, focused on factors measured between ponds. We investigated the effects of a number of environmental factors in six categories including Productivity, Physical, Land Composition, Land Configuration, Isolation and Location. Embryos were sampled from 56 spotted salamander breeding ponds and 39 wood frog breeding ponds. We used a hierarchical Bayesian approach in the program GESTE at each breeding pond and a random forest algorithm in conjunction with a network analysis b...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47944747,"asset_id":27678507,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51908226,"first_name":"Kimberly","last_name":"Babbitt","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KimberlyBabbitt","display_name":"Kimberly Babbitt","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KimberlyBabbitt?f_ri=4313","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":4480,"name":"Population Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Genetics?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":46119,"name":"Molecular Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Ecology?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=4313"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=4313"},{"id":288062,"name":"Maine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maine?f_ri=4313"},{"id":373754,"name":"Ecosystem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecosystem?f_ri=4313"},{"id":426361,"name":"Ranidae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ranidae?f_ri=4313"},{"id":622851,"name":"Ponds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ponds?f_ri=4313"},{"id":880279,"name":"Bayes Theorem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bayes_Theorem-1?f_ri=4313"},{"id":1031909,"name":"Ambystoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ambystoma?f_ri=4313"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25032030" data-work_id="25032030" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25032030/Phylogenetic_relationships_of_the_moss_genus_Pleurochaete_Lindb_Bryales_Pottiaceae_based_on_chloroplast_and_nuclear_genomic_markers">Phylogenetic relationships of the moss genus Pleurochaete Lindb. (Bryales: Pottiaceae) based on chloroplast and nuclear genomic markers</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25032030" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="465bd9ae7bee381b87dc93d5e5593a25" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45354366,"asset_id":25032030,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45354366/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTM2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="47994146" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GrundmannMichael">Michael Grundmann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="47994146" type="text/json">{"id":47994146,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Grundmann","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GrundmannMichael","display_name":"Michael Grundmann","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GrundmannMichael?f_ri=4313","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25032030 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25032030"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25032030, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25032030", }); 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(Bryales: Pottiaceae) based on chloroplast and nuclear genomic markers","created_at":"2016-05-04T11:54:00.009-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25032030/Phylogenetic_relationships_of_the_moss_genus_Pleurochaete_Lindb_Bryales_Pottiaceae_based_on_chloroplast_and_nuclear_genomic_markers?f_ri=4313","dom_id":"work_25032030","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45354366,"asset_id":25032030,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":47994146,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Grundmann","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GrundmannMichael","display_name":"Michael Grundmann","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GrundmannMichael?f_ri=4313","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":151749,"name":"Molecular phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_phylogeny?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":153979,"name":"cpDNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/cpDNA?f_ri=4313"},{"id":160843,"name":"Cryptic Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cryptic_Species?f_ri=4313"},{"id":407413,"name":"Long Distance Dispersal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Distance_Dispersal?f_ri=4313"},{"id":611540,"name":"Lineage Sorting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lineage_Sorting?f_ri=4313"},{"id":648834,"name":"North American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_American?f_ri=4313"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12309663" data-work_id="12309663" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12309663/Distinct_and_Diverse_Range_Wide_Phylogeography_Reveals_Ancient_Lineages_and_High_Genetic_Variation_in_the_Endangered_Okapi_Okapia_johnstoni_">Distinct and Diverse: Range-Wide Phylogeography Reveals Ancient Lineages and High Genetic Variation in the Endangered Okapi (Okapia johnstoni)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12309663" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f2b30de6c2c1134acba91c0f91827361" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46250356,"asset_id":12309663,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46250356/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTM2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30935744" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JohnHart15">John Hart</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30935744" type="text/json">{"id":30935744,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Hart","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JohnHart15","display_name":"John Hart","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JohnHart15?f_ri=4313","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12309663 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12309663"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12309663, container: 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window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12309663]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12309663").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12309663").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12309663"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4206" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeography">Phylogeography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4206" type="text/json">{"id":4206,"name":"Phylogeography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeography?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4313" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow">Gene Flow</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4313" type="text/json">{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4967" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Evolution">Molecular Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4967" type="text/json">{"id":4967,"name":"Molecular Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Evolution?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12653" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rivers">Rivers</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12653" type="text/json">{"id":12653,"name":"Rivers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rivers?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12309663]'), work: {"id":12309663,"title":"Distinct and Diverse: Range-Wide Phylogeography Reveals Ancient Lineages and High Genetic Variation in the Endangered Okapi (Okapia johnstoni)","created_at":"2015-05-09T10:42:01.731-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12309663/Distinct_and_Diverse_Range_Wide_Phylogeography_Reveals_Ancient_Lineages_and_High_Genetic_Variation_in_the_Endangered_Okapi_Okapia_johnstoni_?f_ri=4313","dom_id":"work_12309663","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46250356,"asset_id":12309663,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30935744,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Hart","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JohnHart15","display_name":"John Hart","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JohnHart15?f_ri=4313","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4206,"name":"Phylogeography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeography?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":4967,"name":"Molecular Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Evolution?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":12653,"name":"Rivers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rivers?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":23979,"name":"Endangered Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endangered_Species?f_ri=4313"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=4313"},{"id":35599,"name":"Ruminants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ruminants?f_ri=4313"},{"id":54433,"name":"Phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny?f_ri=4313"},{"id":63093,"name":"Mitochondrial DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_DNA?f_ri=4313"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=4313"},{"id":117886,"name":"Animal migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_migration?f_ri=4313"},{"id":220780,"name":"PLoS one","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PLoS_one?f_ri=4313"},{"id":577933,"name":"Genetic variation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_variation?f_ri=4313"},{"id":1369973,"name":"Democratic Republic of the Congo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo?f_ri=4313"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26585275 coauthored" data-work_id="26585275" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26585275/High_molecular_diversity_in_the_true_service_tree_Sorbus_domestica_despite_rareness_data_from_Europe_with_special_reference_to_the_Austrian_occurrence">High molecular diversity in the true service tree (Sorbus domestica) despite rareness: data from Europe with special reference to the Austrian occurrence</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Sorbus domestica (Rosaceae) is one of the rarest deciduous tree species in Europe and is characterized by a scattered distribution. To date, no large-scale geographic studies on population genetics have been carried out. Therefore, the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26585275" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Sorbus domestica (Rosaceae) is one of the rarest deciduous tree species in Europe and is characterized by a scattered distribution. To date, no large-scale geographic studies on population genetics have been carried out. Therefore, the aims of this study were to infer levels of molecular diversity across the major part of the European distribution of S. domestica and to determine its population differentiation and structure. In addition, spatial genetic structure was examined together with the patterns of historic and recent gene flow between two adjacent populations. Leaf or cambium samples were collected from 17 populations covering major parts of the European native range from north-west France to south-east Bulgaria. Seven nuclear microsatellites and one chloroplast minisatellite were examined and analysed using a variety of methods. Allelic richness was unexpectedly high for both markers within populations (mean per locus: 3·868 for nSSR and 1·647 for chloroplast minisatellite)...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26585275" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4cf05f792c7dd51bf68e1e47f74521a5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46876050,"asset_id":26585275,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46876050/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTM2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32630003" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TGeburek">T. 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To date, no large-scale geographic studies on population genetics have been carried out. Therefore, the aims of this study were to infer levels of molecular diversity across the major part of the European distribution of S. domestica and to determine its population differentiation and structure. In addition, spatial genetic structure was examined together with the patterns of historic and recent gene flow between two adjacent populations. Leaf or cambium samples were collected from 17 populations covering major parts of the European native range from north-west France to south-east Bulgaria. Seven nuclear microsatellites and one chloroplast minisatellite were examined and analysed using a variety of methods. Allelic richness was unexpectedly high for both markers within populations (mean per locus: 3·868 for nSSR and 1·647 for chloroplast minisatellite)...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46876050,"asset_id":26585275,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32630003,"first_name":"T.","last_name":"Geburek","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TGeburek","display_name":"T. Geburek","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TGeburek?f_ri=4313","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":17116044,"first_name":"Dalibor","last_name":"Ballian","domain_name":"unsa-ba","page_name":"DaliborBallian","display_name":"Dalibor Ballian","profile_url":"https://unsa-ba.academia.edu/DaliborBallian?f_ri=4313","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17116044/10746517/11995862/s65_dalibor.ballian.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4209" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Genetics">Conservation Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4209" type="text/json">{"id":4209,"name":"Conservation Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Genetics?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4312" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Drift">Genetic Drift</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4312" type="text/json">{"id":4312,"name":"Genetic Drift","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Drift?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4313" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow">Gene Flow</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4313" type="text/json">{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48315033]'), work: {"id":48315033,"title":"Extreme isolation by distance in a montane frog Rana cascadae","created_at":"2021-05-04T13:25:24.281-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48315033/Extreme_isolation_by_distance_in_a_montane_frog_Rana_cascadae?f_ri=4313","dom_id":"work_48315033","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66992708,"asset_id":48315033,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42840284,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Blouin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichaelBlouin","display_name":"Michael 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href="https://www.academia.edu/30050600/Conservation_implications_of_the_distribution_of_genetic_diversity_at_different_scales_a_case_study_using_the_marsh_fritillary_butterfly_Euphydryas_aurinia_">Conservation implications of the distribution of genetic diversity at different scales: a case study using the marsh fritillary butterfly (Euphydryas aurinia)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30050600" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4b614c2c29db28a16dffd12901db0a8d" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43028" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Diversity">Genetic Diversity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43028" type="text/json">{"id":43028,"name":"Genetic Diversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Diversity?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30050600]'), work: 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Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Size?f_ri=4313"},{"id":160431,"name":"Metapopulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metapopulation?f_ri=4313"},{"id":431072,"name":"Next Generation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Next_Generation?f_ri=4313"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22498942 coauthored" data-work_id="22498942" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22498942/The_potential_for_ploidy_level_increases_and_decreases_in_Crataegus_Rosaceae_Spiraeoideae_tribe_Pyreae_">The potential for ploidy level increases and decreases in Crataegus (Rosaceae, Spiraeoideae, tribe Pyreae)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul 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subdivision within the eastern Australian population of the sea anemoneActinia tenebrosa","created_at":"2021-10-06T13:19:49.643-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/56049362/Genetic_subdivision_within_the_eastern_Australian_population_of_the_sea_anemoneActinia_tenebrosa?f_ri=4313","dom_id":"work_56049362","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71626862,"asset_id":56049362,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":67338256,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Ayre","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DavidAyre","display_name":"David Ayre","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DavidAyre?f_ri=4313","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":158,"name":"Marine Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Biology?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":40422,"name":"Natural Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Selection?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=4313"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=4313"},{"id":131237,"name":"Cluster Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cluster_Analysis?f_ri=4313"},{"id":145675,"name":"Standardisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Standardisation?f_ri=4313"},{"id":372410,"name":"Genotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genotype?f_ri=4313"},{"id":462258,"name":"Asexual Reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asexual_Reproduction?f_ri=4313"},{"id":1155409,"name":"Genetic distance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_distance?f_ri=4313"},{"id":1487366,"name":"Allele Frequency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Allele_Frequency?f_ri=4313"},{"id":1759332,"name":"Sexual reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexual_reproduction?f_ri=4313"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35085417" data-work_id="35085417" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35085417/Genetic_structure_of_loggerhead_turtle_Caretta_caretta_populations_in_Turkey">Genetic structure of loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) populations in Turkey</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology">Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="923" type="text/json">{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4313" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow">Gene Flow</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4313" type="text/json">{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4480" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Genetics">Population Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4480" type="text/json">{"id":4480,"name":"Population Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Genetics?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10494" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10494" type="text/json">{"id":10494,"name":"Mediterranean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35085417]'), work: {"id":35085417,"title":"Genetic structure of loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) populations in Turkey","created_at":"2017-11-08T01:20:34.338-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35085417/Genetic_structure_of_loggerhead_turtle_Caretta_caretta_populations_in_Turkey?f_ri=4313","dom_id":"work_35085417","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54946509,"asset_id":35085417,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27050914,"first_name":"Can","last_name":"Yilmaz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"YilmazCan","display_name":"Can Yilmaz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/YilmazCan?f_ri=4313","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27050914/7617308/9739849/s65_can.yilmaz.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":4480,"name":"Population Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Genetics?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":10494,"name":"Mediterranean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=4313"},{"id":50243,"name":"Mediterranean Sea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_Sea?f_ri=4313"},{"id":63093,"name":"Mitochondrial DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_DNA?f_ri=4313"},{"id":91566,"name":"Genetic Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Structure?f_ri=4313"},{"id":151887,"name":"Microsatellite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microsatellite?f_ri=4313"},{"id":179115,"name":"Caretta caretta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caretta_caretta?f_ri=4313"},{"id":238442,"name":"nuclear DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/nuclear_DNA?f_ri=4313"},{"id":1892772,"name":"Conservation strategies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_strategies?f_ri=4313"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26076836" data-work_id="26076836" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26076836/Population_genetics_of_the_cave_dwelling_dusky_fruit_bat_Penthetor_lucasi_based_on_four_populations_in_Malaysia">Population genetics of the cave-dwelling dusky fruit bat, Penthetor lucasi, based on four populations in Malaysia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26076836" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f4e51b378f04eb97aae75b207a0919f6" rel="nofollow" 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}); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26076836").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26076836"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4313" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow">Gene Flow</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4313" type="text/json">{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4480" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Genetics">Population Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4480" type="text/json">{"id":4480,"name":"Population Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Genetics?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="233229" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genes">Genes</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="233229" type="text/json">{"id":233229,"name":"Genes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genes?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26076836]'), work: {"id":26076836,"title":"Population genetics of the cave-dwelling dusky fruit bat, Penthetor lucasi, based on four populations in Malaysia","created_at":"2016-06-12T17:42:26.882-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26076836/Population_genetics_of_the_cave_dwelling_dusky_fruit_bat_Penthetor_lucasi_based_on_four_populations_in_Malaysia?f_ri=4313","dom_id":"work_26076836","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46426502,"asset_id":26076836,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":22129,"first_name":"Mohd Ridwan","last_name":"Abd Rahman","domain_name":"unimas","page_name":"MohdRidwanAbdRahman","display_name":"Mohd Ridwan Abd Rahman","profile_url":"https://unimas.academia.edu/MohdRidwanAbdRahman?f_ri=4313","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22129/80606/868971/s65_mohd_ridwan.abd_rahman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":4480,"name":"Population Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Genetics?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":233229,"name":"Genes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genes?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":236071,"name":"Populations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Populations?f_ri=4313"},{"id":338814,"name":"Cytochrome B","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytochrome_B?f_ri=4313"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12427560" data-work_id="12427560" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12427560/Movements_of_genes_between_populations_are_pollinators_more_effective_at_transferring_their_own_or_plant_genetic_markers">Movements of genes between populations: are pollinators more effective at transferring their own or plant genetic markers?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The transfer of genes between populations is increasingly important in a world where pollinators are declining, plant and animal populations are increasingly fragmented and climate change is forcing shifts in distribution. The distances... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12427560" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The transfer of genes between populations is increasingly important in a world where pollinators are declining, plant and animal populations are increasingly fragmented and climate change is forcing shifts in distribution. The distances that pollen can be transported by small insects are impressive, as is the extensive gene flow between their own populations. We compared the relative ease by which small insects introduce genetic markers into their own and host-plant populations. Gene flow via seeds and pollen between populations of an Asian fig species were evaluated using cpDNA and nuclear DNA markers, and between-population gene flow of its pollinator fig wasp was determined using microsatellites. This insect is the tree&#39;s only pollinator locally, and only reproduces in its figs. The plant&#39;s pollen-to-seed dispersal ratio was 9.183-9.437, smaller than that recorded for other Ficus. The relative effectiveness of the pollinator at introducing markers into its own populations...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12427560" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ba786860aea0f73603d71948bf172d6a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46190745,"asset_id":12427560,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46190745/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTM2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31223577" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ComptonStephen">Stephen Compton</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31223577" type="text/json">{"id":31223577,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Compton","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ComptonStephen","display_name":"Stephen Compton","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ComptonStephen?f_ri=4313","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12427560 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12427560"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12427560, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12427560", }); 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The distances that pollen can be transported by small insects are impressive, as is the extensive gene flow between their own populations. We compared the relative ease by which small insects introduce genetic markers into their own and host-plant populations. Gene flow via seeds and pollen between populations of an Asian fig species were evaluated using cpDNA and nuclear DNA markers, and between-population gene flow of its pollinator fig wasp was determined using microsatellites. This insect is the tree\u0026#39;s only pollinator locally, and only reproduces in its figs. The plant\u0026#39;s pollen-to-seed dispersal ratio was 9.183-9.437, smaller than that recorded for other Ficus. The relative effectiveness of the pollinator at introducing markers into its own populations...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46190745,"asset_id":12427560,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31223577,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Compton","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ComptonStephen","display_name":"Stephen Compton","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ComptonStephen?f_ri=4313","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":11190,"name":"Pollination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pollination?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological 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class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/871873/Hybridization_Between_Subspecies_of_Waterbuck_Kobus_Ellipsiprymnus_In_Zones_of_Overlap_With_Limited_Introgression">Hybridization Between Subspecies of Waterbuck (Kobus Ellipsiprymnus) In Zones of Overlap With Limited Introgression</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/871873" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d30dc8ff0be3990ec4cdf0559747172e" rel="nofollow" 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3364253" data-work_id="3364253" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3364253/Restoration_versus_recolonisation_The_origin_of_Atlantic_salmon_Salmo_salar_L_currently_in_the_River_Thames">Restoration versus recolonisation: The origin of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) currently in the River Thames</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Since the 1970s, when major improvements to the water quality were made, the River Thames has been subject to a high-profile project aimed at restoring Atlantic salmon to the catchment. Whilst initially successful, with hundreds of salmon... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3364253" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Since the 1970s, when major improvements to the water quality were made, the River Thames has been subject to a high-profile project aimed at restoring Atlantic salmon to the catchment. Whilst initially successful, with hundreds of salmon returning each year in the late 1980s, the number of adults returning to the river has declined steeply again in recent years, reaching a low in 2005 when no salmon were recorded. Using a baseline of genetic information gathered from 3830 salmon from throughout their southern European range, and incorporating samples from the hatchery fish used to stock the Thames, all 10 tagged hatchery fish captured in 2003 and all 16 returning untagged adult salmon captured between 2005 and 2008 were assigned to their most likely river of origin. The results suggest that untagged salmon currently ascending the river originate not from exogenous fish stocked into the Thames, but predominantly from other rivers in southern England. This highlights the potential for natural processes of recolonisation to operate in rivers where salmon have become locally extirpated. These findings also underscore several important considerations when undertaking species restoration projects: (i) previous causes of declines must be sufficiently ameliorated to allow new/translocated individuals to thrive, (ii) introduced individuals should originate from a stock that is closely related to the extirpated population, according to the principles of contemporary conservation biology, and (iii) dispersal and gene-flow from neighbouring populations may play a significant role in establishing new populations.► Despite an intensive hatchery stocking programme, since 2005 no hatchery reared salmon have been caught in the Thames. ► Genetic assignment analysis indicates that wild salmon ascending the Thames originate from other rivers in southern England. ► Wild salmon returning to the Thames between 2005 and 2008 do not originate from exogenous fish stocked into the Thames. ► Such straying highlights the potential for natural recolonisation of rivers where salmon have become locally extirpated. ► Our findings highlight the futility of long-term stocking without corresponding improvements in habitat and water quality.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3364253" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fff1433003b463f00791c5a3a4f9c632" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32002238,"asset_id":3364253,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32002238/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTM2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2854338" href="https://exeter.academia.edu/JamieStevens">Jamie Stevens</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2854338" type="text/json">{"id":2854338,"first_name":"Jamie","last_name":"Stevens","domain_name":"exeter","page_name":"JamieStevens","display_name":"Jamie Stevens","profile_url":"https://exeter.academia.edu/JamieStevens?f_ri=4313","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2854338/939071/1176224/s65_jamie.stevens.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3364253 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3364253"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3364253, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3364253", }); 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Whilst initially successful, with hundreds of salmon returning each year in the late 1980s, the number of adults returning to the river has declined steeply again in recent years, reaching a low in 2005 when no salmon were recorded. Using a baseline of genetic information gathered from 3830 salmon from throughout their southern European range, and incorporating samples from the hatchery fish used to stock the Thames, all 10 tagged hatchery fish captured in 2003 and all 16 returning untagged adult salmon captured between 2005 and 2008 were assigned to their most likely river of origin. The results suggest that untagged salmon currently ascending the river originate not from exogenous fish stocked into the Thames, but predominantly from other rivers in southern England. This highlights the potential for natural processes of recolonisation to operate in rivers where salmon have become locally extirpated. These findings also underscore several important considerations when undertaking species restoration projects: (i) previous causes of declines must be sufficiently ameliorated to allow new/translocated individuals to thrive, (ii) introduced individuals should originate from a stock that is closely related to the extirpated population, according to the principles of contemporary conservation biology, and (iii) dispersal and gene-flow from neighbouring populations may play a significant role in establishing new populations.► Despite an intensive hatchery stocking programme, since 2005 no hatchery reared salmon have been caught in the Thames. ► Genetic assignment analysis indicates that wild salmon ascending the Thames originate from other rivers in southern England. ► Wild salmon returning to the Thames between 2005 and 2008 do not originate from exogenous fish stocked into the Thames. ► Such straying highlights the potential for natural recolonisation of rivers where salmon have become locally extirpated. ► Our findings highlight the futility of long-term stocking without corresponding improvements in habitat and water quality.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32002238,"asset_id":3364253,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2854338,"first_name":"Jamie","last_name":"Stevens","domain_name":"exeter","page_name":"JamieStevens","display_name":"Jamie Stevens","profile_url":"https://exeter.academia.edu/JamieStevens?f_ri=4313","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2854338/939071/1176224/s65_jamie.stevens.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation 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All loci were 9 polymorphic in at least two of three populations of V. dahliae from... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23097568" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Twenty-two microsatellite loci were characterized in the soilborne plant pathogenic 8 fungus Verticillium dahliae by analysis of the genome sequence. All loci were 9 polymorphic in at least two of three populations of V. dahliae from lettuce, spinach and 10 tomato. These loci were useful in genotyping isolates and highlighting differences in 11 genetic diversity among the three tested populations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23097568" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d94569597aaebf8892c8ca87668f065c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43596704,"asset_id":23097568,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43596704/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTM2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44725101" href="https://independent.academia.edu/StevenKlosterman">Steven Klosterman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44725101" type="text/json">{"id":44725101,"first_name":"Steven","last_name":"Klosterman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StevenKlosterman","display_name":"Steven Klosterman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StevenKlosterman?f_ri=4313","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23097568 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23097568"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23097568, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23097568", }); 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These loci were useful in genotyping isolates and highlighting differences in 11 genetic diversity among the three tested populations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43596704,"asset_id":23097568,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44725101,"first_name":"Steven","last_name":"Klosterman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StevenKlosterman","display_name":"Steven Klosterman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StevenKlosterman?f_ri=4313","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3855,"name":"Polymorphism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymorphism?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":43028,"name":"Genetic Diversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Diversity?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":165465,"name":"Evolutionary 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health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tropical_animal_health?f_ri=4313"},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences?f_ri=4313"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67952359" data-work_id="67952359" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67952359/Long_distance_dispersal_and_vertical_gene_flow_in_the_Caribbean_brooding_coral_Porites_astreoides">Long distance dispersal and vertical gene flow in the Caribbean brooding coral Porites astreoides</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">To date, most assessments of coral connectivity have emphasized long-distance horizontal dispersal of propagules from one shallow reef to another. The extent of vertical connectivity, however, remains largely understudied. Here, we used... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67952359" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">To date, most assessments of coral connectivity have emphasized long-distance horizontal dispersal of propagules from one shallow reef to another. The extent of vertical connectivity, however, remains largely understudied. Here, we used newly-developed and existing DNA microsatellite loci for the brooding coral Porites astreoides to assess patterns of horizontal and vertical connectivity in 590 colonies collected from three depth zones (≤10 m, 15-20 m and ≥25 m) at sites in Florida, Bermuda and the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI). We also tested whether maternal transmission of algal symbionts (Symbiodinium spp.) might limit effective vertical connectivity. Overall, shallow P. astreoides exhibited high gene flow between Florida and USVI, but limited gene flow between these locations and Bermuda. In contrast, there was significant genetic differentiation by depth in Florida (Upper Keys, Lower Keys and Dry Tortugas), but not in Bermuda or USVI, despite strong patterns of depth zonation in ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67952359" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f5056ecdb3c756df5a1acff65c5167d0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78606933,"asset_id":67952359,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78606933/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNTM2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46542" href="https://uvi.academia.edu/DrTylerSmith">Tyler Smith</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46542" type="text/json">{"id":46542,"first_name":"Tyler","last_name":"Smith","domain_name":"uvi","page_name":"DrTylerSmith","display_name":"Tyler Smith","profile_url":"https://uvi.academia.edu/DrTylerSmith?f_ri=4313","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46542/83182/91064/s65_tyler.smith.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67952359 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67952359"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67952359, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67952359", }); 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The extent of vertical connectivity, however, remains largely understudied. Here, we used newly-developed and existing DNA microsatellite loci for the brooding coral Porites astreoides to assess patterns of horizontal and vertical connectivity in 590 colonies collected from three depth zones (≤10 m, 15-20 m and ≥25 m) at sites in Florida, Bermuda and the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI). We also tested whether maternal transmission of algal symbionts (Symbiodinium spp.) might limit effective vertical connectivity. Overall, shallow P. astreoides exhibited high gene flow between Florida and USVI, but limited gene flow between these locations and Bermuda. In contrast, there was significant genetic differentiation by depth in Florida (Upper Keys, Lower Keys and Dry Tortugas), but not in Bermuda or USVI, despite strong patterns of depth zonation in ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78606933,"asset_id":67952359,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":46542,"first_name":"Tyler","last_name":"Smith","domain_name":"uvi","page_name":"DrTylerSmith","display_name":"Tyler Smith","profile_url":"https://uvi.academia.edu/DrTylerSmith?f_ri=4313","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46542/83182/91064/s65_tyler.smith.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4313,"name":"Gene Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":4480,"name":"Population Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Genetics?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":7807,"name":"Coral Reefs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coral_Reefs?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":10024,"name":"Population genetics (Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_genetics_Biology_?f_ri=4313","nofollow":false},{"id":77753,"name":"Anthozoa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthozoa?f_ri=4313"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=4313"},{"id":192986,"name":"Caribbean region","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caribbean_region?f_ri=4313"},{"id":372410,"name":"Genotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genotype?f_ri=4313"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13425443" data-work_id="13425443" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a 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