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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical data page</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Vapor_pressure" title="Vapor pressure">Vapor pressure</a></div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heat_of_vaporization">Heat of vaporization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heats_of_vaporization_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Heat of vaporization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>kJ/mol </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">1 H <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a> (H<sub>2</sub>) </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>(H<sub>2</sub>) 0.904 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>(H<sub>2</sub>) 0.90 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>0.904 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">2 He <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>0.0829 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>0.08 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>0.0829 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>0.083 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">3 Li <a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">lithium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>136 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>147.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>147 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>136 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">4 Be <a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">beryllium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>292 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>297 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>297 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>292 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">5 B <a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">boron</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>508 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>480 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>480 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>507 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>508 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">6 C <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>(sublimation) 715 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">7 N <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> (N<sub>2</sub>) </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>(N<sub>2</sub>) 5.57 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>(N<sub>2</sub>) 5.57 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>(N<sub>2</sub>) 5.577 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>(per mole N atoms) 2.79 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>5.58 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">8 O <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> (O<sub>2</sub>) </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>(O<sub>2</sub>) 6.82 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>(O<sub>2</sub>) 6.82 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>(O<sub>2</sub>) 6.820 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>(per mole O atoms) 3.41 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>6.82 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">9 F <a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">fluorine</a> (F<sub>2</sub>) </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>(F<sub>2</sub>) 6.62 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>(F<sub>2</sub>) 6.62 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>(F<sub>2</sub>) 6.62 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>(per mole F atoms) 3.27 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>6.32 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">10 Ne <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">neon</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>1.71 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>1.71 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>1.71 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>1.75 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>1.9 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">11 Na <a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>97.42 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>97.42 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>97.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>97.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">12 Mg <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>128 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>128 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>128 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>132 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">13 Al <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>284 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>294 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>294.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>293 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>284 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">14 Si <a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">silicon</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>359 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>359 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>359 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>383 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">15 P <a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">phosphorus</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>12.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>12.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>12.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>12.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>51.9 (white) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">16 S <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>(mono) 45 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>45 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>(mono) 45 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>9.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>45 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">17 Cl <a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">chlorine</a> (Cl<sub>2</sub>) </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>(Cl<sub>2</sub>) 20.41 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>(Cl<sub>2</sub>) 20.41 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>(Cl<sub>2</sub>) 20.41 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>(per mole Cl atoms) 10.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>20.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">18 Ar <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>6.53 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>6.43 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>6.43 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>6.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>6.53 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">19 K <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>76.90 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>76.90 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>76.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>79.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">20 Ca <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>154.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>154.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>155 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>153 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">21 Sc <a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">scandium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>332.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>332.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>318 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>310 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">22 Ti <a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">titanium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>425 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>425 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>425 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>427 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">23 V <a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">vanadium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>444 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>459 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>453 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>451 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">24 Cr <a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">chromium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>339.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>339.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>339 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>347 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">25 Mn <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>221 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>221 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>220 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>225 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">26 Fe <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>340 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>340 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>347 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>354 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">27 Co <a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">cobalt</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>377 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>377 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>375 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>390 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">28 Ni <a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">nickel</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>379 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>377.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>378 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>379 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">29 Cu <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>300.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>300.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>300 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>305 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">30 Zn <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>115 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>123.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>119 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>115 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">31 Ga <a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">gallium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>256 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>254 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>254 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>256 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>256 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">32 Ge <a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">germanium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>334 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>334 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>334 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>334 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>330 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">33 As <a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">arsenic</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>32.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>32.4 (sublimation) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>32.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">34 Se <a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">selenium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>95.48 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>95.48 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>95.48 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>26 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>95.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">35 Br <a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">bromine</a> (Br<sub>2</sub>) </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>(Br<sub>2</sub>) 29.96 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>(Br<sub>2</sub>) 29.96 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>(Br<sub>2</sub>) 29.96 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>(per mole Br atoms) 14.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>30 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">36 Kr <a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">krypton</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>9.08 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>9.08 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>9.08 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>9.02 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>9.03 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">37 Rb <a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">rubidium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>75.77 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>75.77 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>72 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>69 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">38 Sr <a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">strontium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>141 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>136.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>137 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>141 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">39 Y <a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">yttrium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>390 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>365 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>380 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>363 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">40 Zr <a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">zirconium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>573 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>573 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>580 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>591 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">41 Nb <a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">niobium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>689.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>689.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>690 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>682 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">42 Mo <a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">molybdenum</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>617 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>617 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>600 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>617 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">43 Tc <a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">technetium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>585.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>585.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>550 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">44 Ru <a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">ruthenium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>619 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>591.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>580 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>619 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">45 Rh <a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">rhodium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>494 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>494 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>495 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>493 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">46 Pd <a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">palladium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>358 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>362 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>380 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>358 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">47 Ag <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>254 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>258 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>255 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>254 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">48 Cd <a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">cadmium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>99.87 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>99.87 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>99.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>100 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">49 In <a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">indium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>231.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>231.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>230 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>225 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">50 Sn <a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>(white) 296.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>(white) 296.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>290 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>296 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">51 Sb <a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">antimony</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>193.43 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>193.43 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>68 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>193 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">52 Te <a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">tellurium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>114.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>114.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>114.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>48 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>114 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">53 I <a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">iodine</a> (I<sub>2</sub>) </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>(I<sub>2</sub>) 41.57 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>(I<sub>2</sub>) 41.57 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>(I<sub>2</sub>) 41.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>(per mole I atoms) 20.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>41.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">54 Xe <a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">xenon</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>12.64 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>12.57 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>12.64 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>12.64 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>12.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">55 Cs <a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">caesium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>63.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>63.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>65 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>66.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">56 Ba <a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">barium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>140.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>140 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>140.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>140 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>142 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">57 La <a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum">lanthanum</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>402.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>400 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">58 Ce <a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">cerium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>398 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>398 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>350 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>398 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">59 Pr <a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium">praseodymium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>331 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>331 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>330 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>331 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">60 Nd <a href="/wiki/Neodymium" title="Neodymium">neodymium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>289 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>289 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>285 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>289 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">61 Pm <a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">promethium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>289 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>289 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>290 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">62 Sm <a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">samarium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>192 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>165 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>175 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>192 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">63 Eu <a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">europium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>176 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>176 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>175 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>176 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">64 Gd <a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">gadolinium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>301.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>301.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>305 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>301 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">65 Tb <a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">terbium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>391 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>293 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>295 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>391 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">66 Dy <a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">dysprosium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>280 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>280 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>280 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>280 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">67 Ho <a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">holmium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>251 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>71 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>265 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>251 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">68 Er <a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">erbium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>280 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>280 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>285 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>280 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">69 Tm <a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">thulium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>191 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>247 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>250 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>191 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">70 Yb <a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">ytterbium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>129 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>159 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>160 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>129 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">71 Lu <a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">lutetium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>414 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>414 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>415 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>414 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">72 Hf <a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">hafnium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>648 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>571 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>630 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>648 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">73 Ta <a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">tantalum</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>732.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>732.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>735 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>753 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">74 W <a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">tungsten</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>806.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>806.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>800 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>774 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">75 Re <a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">rhenium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>704 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>704 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>705 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>707 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">76 Os <a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">osmium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>678 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>738 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>630 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>678 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">77 Ir <a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">iridium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>564 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>231.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>560 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>564 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">78 Pt <a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">platinum</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>510 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>469 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>490 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>510 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">79 Au <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>342 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>324 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>324 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>330 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>342 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">80 Hg <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>59.11 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>59.11 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>59.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>59.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>58.2 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">81 Tl <a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">thallium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>165 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>165 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>165 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>162 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">82 Pb <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>179.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>179.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>179.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>178 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>177 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">83 Bi <a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">bismuth</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>179 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>151 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>151 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>160 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhang et al.</td> <td>179 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">84 Po <a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">polonium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>102.91 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>102.91 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>about 100 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">85 At <a href="/wiki/Astatine" title="Astatine">astatine</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>54.39 (At<sub>2</sub>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>GME</td> <td>54.39 (At<sub>2</sub>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>about 40 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">86 Rn <a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">radon</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>18.10 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>18.10 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>17 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">87 Fr <a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">francium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>ca. 65 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>about 65 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">88 Ra <a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">radium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>113 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>113 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>about 125 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">89 Ac <a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">actinium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>400 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">90 Th <a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">thorium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>514 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>514 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>530 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">91 Pa <a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">protactinium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>481 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>481 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>470 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">92 U <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>417.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>417.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>420 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">93 Np <a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">neptunium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>336 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>336 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>335 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">94 Pu <a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">plutonium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>333.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LNG</td> <td>333.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>325 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heats_of_vaporization_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Values refer to the <a href="/wiki/Enthalpy" title="Enthalpy">enthalpy</a> change in the conversion of liquid to gas at the boiling point (normal, 101.325 kPa).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heats_of_vaporization_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zhang_et_al.">Zhang et al.</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heats_of_vaporization_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Zhang et al."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZhang_YEvans_JRGZhang_S2011" class="citation journal cs1">Zhang Y; Evans JRG & Zhang S (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231538496">"Corrected Values for Boiling Points and Enthalpies of Vaporization of Elements in Handbooks"</a>. <i>J. Chem. Eng. Data</i>. <b>56</b> (2): 328–337. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fje1011086">10.1021/je1011086</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Chem.+Eng.+Data&rft.atitle=Corrected+Values+for+Boiling+Points+and+Enthalpies+of+Vaporization+of+Elements+in+Handbooks&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=328-337&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fje1011086&rft.au=Zhang+Y&rft.au=Evans+JRG&rft.au=Zhang+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F231538496&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeats+of+vaporization+of+the+elements+%28data+page%29" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="CRC">CRC</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heats_of_vaporization_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: CRC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As quoted from various sources in an online version of: </p> <ul><li>David R. Lide (ed.), <i>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition</i>. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 6, Fluid Properties; Enthalpy of Vaporization</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GME">GME</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heats_of_vaporization_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: GME"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kugler HK & Keller C (eds) 1985, <i>Gmelin handbook of inorganic and organometallic chemistry,</i> 8th ed., 'At, Astatine', system no. 8a, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-540-93516-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-540-93516-9">3-540-93516-9</a>, pp. 116–117</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LNG">LNG</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heats_of_vaporization_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: LNG"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As quoted from various sources in: </p> <ul><li>J.A. Dean (ed.), <i>Lange's Handbook of Chemistry</i> (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 6, Thermodynamic Properties; Table 6.4, Heats of Fusion, Vaporization, and Sublimation and Specific Heat at Various Temperatures of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="WEL">WEL</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heats_of_vaporization_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: WEL"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As quoted at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.webelements.com/">http://www.webelements.com/</a> from these sources: </p> <ul><li>G.W.C. Kaye and <a href="/wiki/T._H._Laby" title="T. H. Laby">T. H. Laby</a> in <i>Tables of physical and chemical constants</i>, Longman, London, UK, 15th edition, 1993.</li> <li>D.R. Lide, (ed.) in <i>Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics</i>, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 79th edition, 1998.</li> <li>A.M. James and M.P. Lord in <i>Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data</i>, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992.</li> <li>H. Ellis (ed.) in <i>Nuffield Advanced Science Book of Data</i>, Longman, London, UK, 1972.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heats_of_vaporization_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chemical_elements_data" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_chemical_elements_data" title="Template:Navbox chemical elements data"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_chemical_elements_data" title="Template talk:Navbox chemical elements data"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_chemical_elements_data" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox chemical elements data"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chemical_elements_data" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">Chemical elements</a> data</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements" title="List of chemical elements">List of chemical elements</a>—atomic mass, atomic number, symbol, name</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">Periodic table</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Data</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abundance_of_the_chemical_elements" title="Abundance of the chemical elements">Abundance of the chemical elements</a> in Earth's crust, sea water, Sun and Solar System <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abundances_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Abundances of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_radius" title="Atomic radius">Atomic radius</a> empirical, calculated, van der Waals radius, covalent radius <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_radii_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Atomic radii of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiling_point" title="Boiling point">Boiling point</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boiling_points_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Boiling points of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_point_(thermodynamics)" title="Critical point (thermodynamics)">Critical point</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Critical_points_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Critical points of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density</a> solid, liquid, gas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Densities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Densities of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elastic_modulus" title="Elastic modulus">Elastic properties of the elements</a>: <a href="/wiki/Young%27s_modulus" title="Young's modulus">Young's modulus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poisson%27s_ratio" title="Poisson's ratio">Poisson's ratio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulk_modulus" title="Bulk modulus">bulk modulus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shear_modulus" title="Shear modulus">shear modulus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elastic_properties_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Elastic properties of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_resistivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical resistivity">Electrical resistivity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_resistivities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Electrical resistivities of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron_affinity" title="Electron affinity">Electron affinity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electron_affinity_(data_page)" title="Electron affinity (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron_configuration" title="Electron configuration">Electron configuration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electron_configurations_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Electron configurations of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronegativity" title="Electronegativity">Electronegativity</a> (Pauling, Allen scale) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronegativities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Electronegativities of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hardness: <a href="/wiki/Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohs scale of mineral hardness">Mohs hardness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vickers_hardness_test" title="Vickers hardness test">Vickers hardness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brinell_scale" title="Brinell scale">Brinell hardness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardnesses_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Hardnesses of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_capacity" title="Heat capacity">Heat capacity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heat_capacities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Heat capacities of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_of_fusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Heat of fusion">Heat of fusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heats_of_fusion_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Heats of fusion of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_of_vaporization" class="mw-redirect" title="Heat of vaporization">Heat of vaporization</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionization_energy" title="Ionization energy">Ionization energy</a> (in eV) and molar ionization energies (in kJ/mol) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ionization_energies_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Ionization energies of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">Melting point</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melting_points_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Melting points of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molar_ionization_energies_of_the_elements" title="Molar ionization energies of the elements">Molar ionization energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxidation_state" title="Oxidation state">Oxidation state</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxidation_state#List_of_oxidation_states_of_the_elements" title="Oxidation state">data table</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_of_sound" title="Speed of sound">Speed of sound</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speeds_of_sound_of_the_elements_(data_page)" class="mw-redirect" title="Speeds of sound of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_atomic_weight#Standard_atomic_weight_of_the_elements" title="Standard atomic weight">Standard atomic weight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_conductivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal conductivity">Thermal conductivity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_conductivities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Thermal conductivities of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_expansion" title="Thermal expansion">Thermal expansion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_expansion_coefficients_of_the_elements_(data_page)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal expansion coefficients of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vapor_pressure" title="Vapor pressure">Vapor pressure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vapor_pressures_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Vapor pressures of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Periodic_table" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_periodic_table" title="Template:Navbox periodic table"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_periodic_table" title="Template talk:Navbox periodic table"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_periodic_table" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox periodic table"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Periodic_table" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">Periodic table</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group wraplinks" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;">Periodic table forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Types_of_periodic_tables" title="Types of periodic tables">Alternatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_periodic_table" title="Extended periodic table">Extended periodic table</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group wraplinks" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;"><a href="/wiki/Names_for_sets_of_chemical_elements" title="Names for sets of chemical elements">Sets of elements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;">By periodic table structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)" title="Group (periodic table)">Groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal">1 (Hydrogen and alkali metals)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal" title="Alkaline earth metal">2 (Alkaline earth metals)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_3_element" title="Group 3 element">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_4_element" title="Group 4 element">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_5_element" title="Group 5 element">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_6_element" title="Group 6 element">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_7_element" title="Group 7 element">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_8_element" title="Group 8 element">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_9_element" title="Group 9 element">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_10_element" title="Group 10 element">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_11_element" title="Group 11 element">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_12_element" title="Group 12 element">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boron_group" title="Boron group">13 (Triels)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_group" title="Carbon group">14 (Tetrels)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pnictogen" title="Pnictogen">15 (Pnictogens)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcogen" title="Chalcogen">16 (Chalcogens)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17 (Halogens)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">18 (Noble gases)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)" title="Period (periodic table)">Periods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Period_1_element" title="Period 1 element">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_2_element" title="Period 2 element">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_3_element" title="Period 3 element">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_4_element" title="Period 4 element">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_5_element" title="Period 5 element">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_6_element" title="Period 6 element">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_7_element" title="Period 7 element">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_periodic_table" title="Extended periodic table">8+</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extended_periodic_table#Aufbau_model" title="Extended periodic table">Aufbau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_periodic_table#Fricke" title="Extended periodic table">Fricke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_periodic_table#Pyykkö" title="Extended periodic table">Pyykkö</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Block_(periodic_table)" title="Block (periodic table)">Blocks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aufbau_principle" title="Aufbau principle">Aufbau principle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;">By <a href="/wiki/Properties_of_metals,_metalloids_and_nonmetals" title="Properties of metals, metalloids and nonmetals">metallicity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">Metals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanide" title="Lanthanide">Lanthanides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actinide" title="Actinide">Actinides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal" title="Transition metal">Transition metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-transition_metal" title="Post-transition metal">Post-transition metals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metalloid" title="Metalloid">Metalloids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_metalloids" title="Lists of metalloids">Lists of metalloids by source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dividing_line_between_metals_and_nonmetals" title="Dividing line between metals and nonmetals">Dividing line</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nonmetal" title="Nonmetal">Nonmetals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">Noble gases</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;">Other sets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platinum_group" title="Platinum group">Platinum-group metals (PGM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare-earth_element" title="Rare-earth element">Rare-earth elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refractory_metals" title="Refractory metals">Refractory metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precious_metal" title="Precious metal">Precious metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_metals" title="Coinage metals">Coinage metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_metal" title="Noble metal">Noble metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_element" title="Heavy metal element">Heavy metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_metal" title="Native metal">Native metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transuranium_element" title="Transuranium element">Transuranium elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superheavy_element" title="Superheavy element">Superheavy elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_actinide" title="Major actinide">Major actinides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_actinide" title="Minor actinide">Minor actinides</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group wraplinks" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">Elements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements" title="List of chemical elements">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>By: <a href="/wiki/Abundance_of_the_chemical_elements" title="Abundance of the chemical elements">Abundance</a> (<a href="/wiki/Composition_of_the_human_body" title="Composition of the human body">in humans</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_elements_by_atomic_properties" title="List of elements by atomic properties">Atomic properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_elements_by_stability_of_isotopes" title="List of elements by stability of isotopes">Nuclear stability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_symbol" title="Chemical symbol">Symbol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_element#Properties" title="Chemical element">Properties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aqueous_ions_by_element" title="List of aqueous ions by element">Aqueous chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodic_table_(crystal_structure)" title="Periodic table (crystal structure)">Crystal structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodic_table_(electron_configurations)" title="Periodic table (electron configurations)">Electron configuration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronegativity" title="Electronegativity">Electronegativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldschmidt_classification" title="Goldschmidt classification">Goldschmidt classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Term_symbol" title="Term symbol">Term symbol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal;">Data pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abundances_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Abundances of the elements (data page)">Abundance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_radii_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Atomic radii of the elements (data page)">Atomic radius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiling_points_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Boiling points of the elements (data page)">Boiling point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_points_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Critical points of the elements (data page)">Critical point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Densities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Densities of the elements (data page)">Density</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elastic_properties_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Elastic properties of the elements (data page)">Elasticity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_resistivities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Electrical resistivities of the elements (data page)">Electrical resistivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron_affinity_(data_page)" title="Electron affinity (data page)">Electron affinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron_configurations_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Electron configurations of the elements (data page)">Electron configuration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronegativities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Electronegativities of the elements (data page)">Electronegativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardnesses_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Hardnesses of the elements (data page)">Hardness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_capacities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Heat capacities of the elements (data page)">Heat capacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heats_of_fusion_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Heats of fusion of the elements (data page)">Heat of fusion</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Heat of vaporization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionization_energies_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Ionization energies of the elements (data page)">Ionization energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melting_points_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Melting points of the elements (data page)">Melting point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxidation_state" title="Oxidation state">Oxidation state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speeds_of_sound_of_the_elements" title="Speeds of sound of the elements">Speed of sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_conductivities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Thermal conductivities of the elements (data page)">Thermal conductivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_expansivities_of_the_elements" title="Thermal expansivities of the elements">Thermal expansion coefficient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vapor_pressures_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Vapor pressures of the elements (data page)">Vapor pressure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group wraplinks" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_periodic_table" title="History of the periodic table">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_of_chemical_elements" title="Discovery of chemical elements">Element discoveries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev" title="Dmitri Mendeleev">Dmitri Mendeleev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev#Periodic_table" title="Dmitri Mendeleev">1871 table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendeleev%27s_predicted_elements" title="Mendeleev's predicted elements">1869 predictions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_of_chemical_elements" title="Naming of chemical elements">Naming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chemical_element_name_etymologies" title="List of chemical element name etymologies">etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chemical_element_naming_controversies" title="List of chemical element naming controversies">controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements_named_after_places" title="List of chemical elements named after places">for places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements_named_after_people" title="List of chemical elements named after people">for people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_elements_in_East_Asian_languages" title="Chemical elements in East Asian languages">in East Asian languages</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group wraplinks" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">IUPAC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_nomenclature" title="Chemical nomenclature">nomenclature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systematic_element_name" title="Systematic element name">systematic element name</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trivial_name" title="Trivial name">Trivial name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev" title="Dmitri Mendeleev">Dmitri Mendeleev</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Periodic_table" title="Category:Periodic table">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Elements" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Elements">WikiProject</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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