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<li id="toc-Density,_floating,_and_sinking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Density,_floating,_and_sinking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Density, floating, and sinking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Density,_floating,_and_sinking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Volume_vs._density;_volume_of_an_irregular_shape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Volume_vs._density;_volume_of_an_irregular_shape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Volume vs. density; volume of an irregular shape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Volume_vs._density;_volume_of_an_irregular_shape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Units</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Measurement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Measurement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Measurement</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Measurement-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Measurement subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Measurement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Homogeneous_materials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Homogeneous_materials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Homogeneous materials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Homogeneous_materials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heterogeneous_materials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heterogeneous_materials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Heterogeneous materials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heterogeneous_materials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-compact_materials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-compact_materials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Non-compact materials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-compact_materials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Changes_of_density" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Changes_of_density"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Changes of density</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Changes_of_density-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Density_of_solutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Density_of_solutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Density of solutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Density_of_solutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_densities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_densities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>List of densities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_densities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of densities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_densities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Various_materials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Various_materials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Various materials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Various_materials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Others</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Water</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Molar_volumes_of_liquid_and_solid_phase_of_elements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Molar_volumes_of_liquid_and_solid_phase_of_elements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Molar volumes of liquid and solid phase of elements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Molar_volumes_of_liquid_and_solid_phase_of_elements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Density</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 119 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-119" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">119 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digtheid" title="Digtheid – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Digtheid" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichte" title="Dichte – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Dichte" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saah%C3%A2dvuot%C3%A2" title="Saahâdvuotâ – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Saahâdvuotâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9" title="كثافة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كثافة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densidat" title="Densidat – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Densidat" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC" title="ঘনত্ব – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ঘনত্ব" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densid%C3%A1_(f%C3%ADsica)" title="Densidá (física) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Densidá (física)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%B1xl%C4%B1q" title="Sıxlıq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sıxlıq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82" title="سیخلیق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سیخلیق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC" title="ঘনত্ব – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ঘনত্ব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%CC%8Dt-t%C5%8D%CD%98" title="Bi̍t-tō͘ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bi̍t-tō͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Шчыльнасць – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шчыльнасць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Шчыльнасьць – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Шчыльнасьць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="घनत्व – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="घनत्व" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densidad" title="Densidad – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Densidad" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Плътност – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Плътност" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichtn" title="Dichtn – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Dichtn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gusto%C4%87a" title="Gustoća – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gustoća" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densitat" title="Densitat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Densitat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%C4%83%D0%B2%C4%83%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85" title="Йăвăлăх – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Йăвăлăх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hustota" title="Hustota – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hustota" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsinhano_yeHuremu" title="Tsinhano yeHuremu – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Tsinhano yeHuremu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwysedd" title="Dwysedd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dwysedd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massefylde" title="Massefylde – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Massefylde" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9" title="كتافة – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كتافة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichte" title="Dichte – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dichte" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tihedus" title="Tihedus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tihedus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Πυκνότητα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πυκνότητα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densidad" title="Densidad – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Densidad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denso" title="Denso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Denso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentsitate_(fisika)" title="Dentsitate (fisika) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dentsitate (fisika)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="چگالی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چگالی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masse_volumique" title="Masse volumique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Masse volumique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tichtheid" title="Tichtheid – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tichtheid" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densit%C3%A2t" title="Densitât – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Densitât" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dl%C3%BAs" title="Dlús – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dlús" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dluthad" title="Dluthad – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Dluthad" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densidade" title="Densidade – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Densidade" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%80%EB%8F%84" title="밀도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="밀도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Խտություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="घनत्व – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="घनत्व" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gusto%C4%87a" title="Gustoća – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gustoća" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specifika_pezo" title="Specifika pezo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Specifika pezo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density" title="Density – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Density" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massa_jenis" title="Massa jenis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Massa jenis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densitate_(quantitate_physic)" title="Densitate (quantitate physic) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Densitate (quantitate physic)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C3%B0lismassi" title="Eðlismassi – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Eðlismassi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densit%C3%A0" title="Densità – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Densità" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8" title="צפיפות החומר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צפיפות החומר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massa_jenis" title="Massa jenis – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Massa jenis" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86" title="ಸಾಂದ್ರತೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಾಂದ್ರತೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%94" title="სიმკვრივე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სიმკვრივე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Тығыздық – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тығыздық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doesedh_(fisegieth)" title="Doesedh (fisegieth) – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Doesedh (fisegieth)" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Msongamano" title="Msongamano – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Msongamano" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dansite" title="Dansite – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Dansite" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%AErb%C3%BBn" title="Tîrbûn – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Tîrbûn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Тыгыздык – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тыгыздык" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densitas_et_spissitudo" title="Densitas et spissitudo – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Densitas et spissitudo" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C4%ABvums" title="Blīvums – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Blīvums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicht" title="Dicht – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Dicht" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tankis" title="Tankis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tankis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/denmi" title="denmi – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="denmi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densit%C3%A0" title="Densità – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Densità" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%B1r%C5%B1s%C3%A9g" title="Sűrűség – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sűrűség" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Густина – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Густина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanja_isam-bentin-kadiry" title="Lanja isam-bentin-kadiry – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Lanja isam-bentin-kadiry" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4" title="സാന്ദ്രത – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സാന്ദ്രത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densit%C3%A0" title="Densità – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Densità" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="घनता – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="घनता" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A5%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="პისქვინი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პისქვინი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%87" title="الكثافه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الكثافه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketumpatan" title="Ketumpatan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ketumpatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%B3%D1%82" title="Нягт – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нягт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="သိပ်သည်းခြင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သိပ်သည်းခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massadichtheid" title="Massadichtheid – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Massadichtheid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="घनत्व – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="घनत्व" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="密度" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denzet%C3%A0" title="Denzetà – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Denzetà" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sachthaid" title="Sachthaid – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Sachthaid" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetthet" title="Tetthet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tetthet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tettleik" title="Tettleik – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tettleik" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massa_volumica" title="Massa volumica – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Massa volumica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rukkina" title="Rukkina – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Rukkina" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A3" title="ਸੰਘਣਾਪਣ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੰਘਣਾਪਣ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BC%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AB%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_(%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%B8%D8%AA/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%85)" title="ټينګوالی (غلظت/تراکم) – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ټينګوالی (غلظت/تراکم)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicht" title="Dicht – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Dicht" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%99sto%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Gęstość – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gęstość" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densidade" title="Densidade – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Densidade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densitate" title="Densitate – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Densitate" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Плотность – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Плотность" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D_(%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D)" title="घनत्वम् (भौतविज्ञानम्) – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="घनत्वम् (भौतविज्ञानम्)" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density" title="Density – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Density" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dend%C3%ABsia" title="Dendësia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dendësia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinsitati" title="Dinsitati – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Dinsitati" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9D%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BA" title="ඝනත්වය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඝනත්වය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density" title="Density – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Density" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%BD%D8%A7%DA%BB" title="گهاٽاڻ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گهاٽاڻ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hustota_(objemov%C3%A1_hmotnos%C5%A5)" title="Hustota (objemová hmotnosť) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hustota (objemová hmotnosť)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gostota" title="Gostota – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gostota" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gynsto%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Gynstość – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Gynstość" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DA%95%DB%8C" title="چڕی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چڕی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Густина – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Густина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustina" title="Gustina – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gustina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiheys" title="Tiheys – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tiheys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densitet" title="Densitet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Densitet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="அடர்த்தி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அடர்த்தி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4" title="సాంద్రత – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సాంద్రత" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="ความหนาแน่น – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ความหนาแน่น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yo%C4%9Funluk" title="Yoğunluk – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yoğunluk" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Густина – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Густина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA" title="کثافت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کثافت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%E1%BB%91i_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_ri%C3%AAng" title="Khối lượng riêng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khối lượng riêng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasuok" title="Kasuok – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kasuok" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="密度" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADkis%C3%AD" title="Kíkisí – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Kíkisí" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="密度" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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article is about mass density. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Density_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Density (disambiguation)">Density (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Density</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Density_column.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Density_column.JPG/100px-Density_column.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Density_column.JPG/150px-Density_column.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Density_column.JPG/200px-Density_column.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1368" data-file-height="3434" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A <a href="/wiki/Test_tube" title="Test tube">test tube</a> holding four <a href="/wiki/Miscibility" title="Miscibility">non-miscible</a> colored liquids with different densities</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Common symbols</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Rho" title="Rho">ρ</a></i>, <i>D</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/SI_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="SI unit">SI unit</a></th><td class="infobox-data">kg/m<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Intensive_and_extensive_properties" title="Intensive and extensive properties">Extensive</a>?</th><td class="infobox-data">No</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Intensive_and_extensive_properties" title="Intensive and extensive properties">Intensive</a>?</th><td class="infobox-data">Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Conserved_quantity" title="Conserved quantity">Conserved</a>?</th><td class="infobox-data">No</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Derivations from<br />other quantities</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho ={\frac {m}{V}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>m</mi> <mi>V</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho ={\frac {m}{V}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f63465553e3f944d6ef79f90f992a02cf29c7f38" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:7.177ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho ={\frac {m}{V}}}"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dimensional_analysis#Formulation" title="Dimensional analysis">Dimension</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {L}}^{-3}{\mathsf {M}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">L</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">M</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {L}}^{-3}{\mathsf {M}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2fb7b4188954cba89b95f1d367ccc3b5735048b5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.626ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {L}}^{-3}{\mathsf {M}}}"></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Density</b> (<b>volumetric mass density</b> or <b>specific mass</b>) is a substance's <a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">mass</a> per unit of <a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">volume</a>. The symbol most often used for density is <i>ρ</i> (the lower case <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> letter <a href="/wiki/Rho" title="Rho">rho</a>), although the Latin letter <i>D</i> can also be used. Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume:<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho ={\frac {m}{V}},}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>m</mi> <mi>V</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho ={\frac {m}{V}},}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/34e66aff43e620bda9eb95c4cc73429c8150049a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:7.824ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho ={\frac {m}{V}},}"></span> where <i>ρ</i> is the density, <i>m</i> is the mass, and <i>V</i> is the volume. In some cases (for instance, in the United States oil and gas industry), density is loosely defined as its <a href="/wiki/Weight" title="Weight">weight</a> per unit <a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">volume</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although this is scientifically inaccurate –  this quantity is more specifically called <a href="/wiki/Specific_weight" title="Specific weight">specific weight</a>. </p><p>For a pure substance the density has the same numerical value as its <a href="/wiki/Mass_concentration_(chemistry)" title="Mass concentration (chemistry)">mass concentration</a>. Different materials usually have different densities, and density may be relevant to <a href="/wiki/Buoyancy" title="Buoyancy">buoyancy</a>, purity and <a href="/wiki/Packaging" title="Packaging">packaging</a>. <a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Osmium</a> is the densest known element at <a href="/wiki/Standard_conditions_for_temperature_and_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard conditions for temperature and pressure">standard conditions for temperature and pressure</a>. </p><p>To simplify comparisons of density across different systems of units, it is sometimes replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Dimensionless" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimensionless">dimensionless</a> quantity "<a href="/wiki/Relative_density" title="Relative density">relative density</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Specific_gravity" class="mw-redirect" title="Specific gravity">specific gravity</a>", i.e. the ratio of the density of the material to that of a standard material, usually water. Thus a relative density less than one relative to water means that the substance floats in water. </p><p>The density of a material varies with temperature and pressure. This variation is typically small for solids and liquids but much greater for gases. Increasing the pressure on an object decreases the volume of the object and thus increases its density. Increasing the temperature of a substance (with a few exceptions) decreases its density by increasing its volume. In most materials, heating the bottom of a fluid results in <a href="/wiki/Convection" title="Convection">convection</a> of the heat from the bottom to the top, due to the decrease in the density of the heated fluid, which causes it to rise relative to denser unheated material. </p><p>The reciprocal of the density of a substance is occasionally called its <a href="/wiki/Specific_volume" title="Specific volume">specific volume</a>, a term sometimes used in <a href="/wiki/Thermodynamics" title="Thermodynamics">thermodynamics</a>. Density is an <a href="/wiki/Intensive_property" class="mw-redirect" title="Intensive property">intensive property</a> in that increasing the amount of a substance does not increase its density; rather it increases its mass. </p><p>Other conceptually comparable quantities or ratios include <a href="/wiki/Specific_density" class="mw-redirect" title="Specific density">specific density</a>, <a href="/wiki/Relative_density" title="Relative density">relative density (specific gravity)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Specific_weight" title="Specific weight">specific weight</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Density,_floating,_and_sinking"><span id="Density.2C_floating.2C_and_sinking"></span>Density, floating, and sinking</h3></div> <p>The understanding that different materials have different densities, and of a relationship between density, floating, and sinking must date to prehistoric times. Much later it was put in writing. <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>, for example, wrote:<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>There is so great a difference in density between salt and fresh water that vessels laden with cargoes of the same weight almost sink in rivers, but ride quite easily at sea and are quite seaworthy. And an ignorance of this has sometimes cost people dear who load their ships in rivers. The following is a proof that the density of a fluid is greater when a substance is mixed with it. If you make water very salt by mixing salt in with it, eggs will float on it. ... If there were any truth in the stories they tell about the lake in Palestine it would further bear out what I say. For they say if you bind a man or beast and throw him into it he floats and does not sink beneath the surface.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Aristotle, <a href="/wiki/Meteorologica" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteorologica">Meteorologica</a>, Book II, Chapter III</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Volume_vs._density;_volume_of_an_irregular_shape"><span id="Volume_vs._density.3B_volume_of_an_irregular_shape"></span>Volume vs. density; volume of an irregular shape</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Eureka_(word)#Archimedes" title="Eureka (word)">Eureka (word) § Archimedes</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Archimedes#Archimedes_and_the_gold_crown" title="Archimedes">Archimedes § Archimedes and the gold crown</a></div> <p>In a well-known but probably <a href="/wiki/Apocrypha" title="Apocrypha">apocryphal</a> tale, <a href="/wiki/Archimedes" title="Archimedes">Archimedes</a> was given the task of determining whether <a href="/wiki/Hiero_II_of_Syracuse" title="Hiero II of Syracuse">King Hiero</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Goldsmith" title="Goldsmith">goldsmith</a> was embezzling <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> during the manufacture of a golden <a href="/wiki/Wreath" title="Wreath">wreath</a> dedicated to the gods and replacing it with another, cheaper <a href="/wiki/Alloy" title="Alloy">alloy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Archimedes knew that the irregularly shaped wreath could be crushed into a cube whose volume could be calculated easily and compared with the mass; but the king did not approve of this. Baffled, Archimedes is said to have taken an immersion bath and observed from the rise of the water upon entering that he could calculate the volume of the gold wreath through the <a href="/wiki/Displacement_(fluid)" title="Displacement (fluid)">displacement</a> of the water. Upon this discovery, he leapt from his bath and ran naked through the streets shouting, "Eureka! Eureka!" (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Εύρηκα!</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'I have found it'). As a result, the term <i><a href="/wiki/Eureka_(word)" title="Eureka (word)">eureka</a></i> entered common parlance and is used today to indicate a moment of enlightenment. </p><p>The story first appeared in written form in <a href="/wiki/Vitruvius" title="Vitruvius">Vitruvius</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/De_architectura" title="De architectura">books of architecture</a></i>, two centuries after it supposedly took place.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some scholars have doubted the accuracy of this tale, saying among other things that the method would have required precise measurements that would have been difficult to make at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nevertheless, in 1586, <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a>, in one of his first experiments, made a possible reconstruction of how the experiment could have been performed with ancient Greek resources<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Units">Units<span class="anchor" id="Unit"></span></h2></div> <p>From the equation for density (<span class="texhtml"><i>ρ</i> = <i>m</i>/<i>V</i></span>), mass density has any unit that is <i>mass divided by volume</i>. As there are many units of mass and volume covering many different magnitudes there are a large number of units for mass density in use. The <a href="/wiki/SI" class="mw-redirect" title="SI">SI</a> unit of <a href="/wiki/Kilogram_per_cubic_metre" title="Kilogram per cubic metre">kilogram per cubic metre</a> (kg/m<sup>3</sup>) and the <a href="/wiki/Cgs" class="mw-redirect" title="Cgs">cgs</a> unit of <a href="/wiki/Gram" title="Gram">gram</a> per <a href="/wiki/Cubic_centimetre" title="Cubic centimetre">cubic centimetre</a> (g/cm<sup>3</sup>) are probably the most commonly used units for density. One g/cm<sup>3</sup> is equal to 1000 kg/m<sup>3</sup>. One cubic centimetre (abbreviation cc) is equal to one millilitre. In industry, other larger or smaller units of mass and or volume are often more practical and <a href="/wiki/US_customary_units" class="mw-redirect" title="US customary units">US customary units</a> may be used. See below for a list of some of the most common units of density. </p><p>The litre and tonne are not part of the SI, but are acceptable for use with it, leading to the following units: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram">kilogram</a> per <a href="/wiki/Litre" title="Litre">litre</a> (kg/L)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gram" title="Gram">gram</a> per <a href="/wiki/Millilitre" class="mw-redirect" title="Millilitre">millilitre</a> (g/mL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonne</a> per cubic metre (t/m<sup>3</sup>)</li></ul> <p>Densities using the following metric units all have exactly the same numerical value, one thousandth of the value in (kg/m<sup>3</sup>). Liquid <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> has a density of about 1 kg/dm<sup>3</sup>, making any of these SI units numerically convenient to use as most <a href="/wiki/Solid" title="Solid">solids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liquid" title="Liquid">liquids</a> have densities between 0.1 and 20 kg/dm<sup>3</sup>. </p> <ul><li>kilogram per cubic decimetre (kg/dm<sup>3</sup>)</li> <li>gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm<sup>3</sup>) <ul><li>1 g/cm<sup>3</sup> = 1000 kg/m<sup>3</sup></li></ul></li> <li>megagram (metric ton) per cubic metre (Mg/m<sup>3</sup>)</li></ul> <p>In <a href="/wiki/US_customary_units" class="mw-redirect" title="US customary units">US customary units</a> density can be stated in: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avoirdupois_ounce" class="mw-redirect" title="Avoirdupois ounce">Avoirdupois ounce</a> per <a href="/wiki/Cubic_inch" title="Cubic inch">cubic inch</a> (1 g/cm<sup>3</sup> ≈ 0.578036672 oz/cu in)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoirdupois_ounce" class="mw-redirect" title="Avoirdupois ounce">Avoirdupois ounce</a> per <a href="/wiki/Fluid_ounce" title="Fluid ounce">fluid ounce</a> (1 g/cm<sup>3</sup> ≈ 1.04317556 oz/US fl oz = 1.04317556 lb/US fl pint)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_(mass)" title="Pound (mass)">Avoirdupois pound</a> per cubic inch (1 g/cm<sup>3</sup> ≈ 0.036127292 lb/cu in)</li> <li>pound per <a href="/wiki/Cubic_foot" title="Cubic foot">cubic foot</a> (1 g/cm<sup>3</sup> ≈ 62.427961 lb/cu ft)</li> <li>pound per <a href="/wiki/Cubic_yard" title="Cubic yard">cubic yard</a> (1 g/cm<sup>3</sup> ≈ 1685.5549 lb/cu yd)</li> <li>pound per <a href="/wiki/US_liquid_gallon" class="mw-redirect" title="US liquid gallon">US liquid gallon</a> (1 g/cm<sup>3</sup> ≈ 8.34540445 lb/US gal)</li> <li>pound per US <a href="/wiki/Bushel" title="Bushel">bushel</a> (1 g/cm<sup>3</sup> ≈ 77.6888513 lb/bu)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slug_(unit)" title="Slug (unit)">slug</a> per cubic foot</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Imperial_units" title="Imperial units">Imperial units</a> differing from the above (as the Imperial gallon and bushel differ from the US units) in practice are rarely used, though found in older documents. The Imperial gallon was based on the concept that an <a href="/wiki/Imperial_fluid_ounce" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial fluid ounce">Imperial fluid ounce</a> of water would have a mass of one Avoirdupois ounce, and indeed 1 g/cm<sup>3</sup> ≈ 1.00224129 ounces per Imperial fluid ounce = 10.0224129 pounds per Imperial gallon. The density of <a href="/wiki/Precious_metal" title="Precious metal">precious metals</a> could conceivably be based on <a href="/wiki/Troy_weight" title="Troy weight">Troy</a> ounces and pounds, a possible cause of confusion. </p><p>Knowing the volume of the <a href="/wiki/Unit_cell" title="Unit cell">unit cell</a> of a crystalline material and its formula weight (in <a href="/wiki/Dalton_(unit)" title="Dalton (unit)">daltons</a>), the density can be calculated. One dalton per cubic <a href="/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" class="mw-redirect" title="Ångström">ångström</a> is equal to a density of 1.660 539 066 60 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Measurement">Measurement</h2></div> <p>A number of techniques as well as standards exist for the measurement of density of materials. Such techniques include the use of a hydrometer (a buoyancy method for liquids), Hydrostatic balance (a buoyancy method for liquids and solids), immersed body method (a buoyancy method for liquids), pycnometer (liquids and solids), air comparison pycnometer (solids), oscillating densitometer (liquids), as well as pour and tap (solids).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, each individual method or technique measures different types of density (e.g. bulk density, skeletal density, etc.), and therefore it is necessary to have an understanding of the type of density being measured as well as the type of material in question. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Homogeneous_materials">Homogeneous materials</h3></div> <p>The density at all points of a <a href="/wiki/Homogeneous_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Homogeneous (chemistry)">homogeneous</a> object equals its total <a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">mass</a> divided by its total volume. The mass is normally measured with a <a href="/wiki/Weighing_scale" title="Weighing scale">scale or balance</a>; the volume may be measured directly (from the geometry of the object) or by the displacement of a fluid. To determine the density of a liquid or a gas, a <a href="/wiki/Hydrometer" title="Hydrometer">hydrometer</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Dasymeter" title="Dasymeter">dasymeter</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Coriolis_flow_meter" class="mw-redirect" title="Coriolis flow meter">Coriolis flow meter</a> may be used, respectively. Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Hydrostatic_weighing" title="Hydrostatic weighing">hydrostatic weighing</a> uses the displacement of water due to a submerged object to determine the density of the object. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heterogeneous_materials">Heterogeneous materials</h3></div> <p>If the body is not homogeneous, then its density varies between different regions of the object. In that case the density around any given location is determined by calculating the density of a small volume around that location. In the limit of an infinitesimal volume the density of an inhomogeneous object at a point becomes: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho ({\vec {r}})=dm/dV}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>V</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho ({\vec {r}})=dm/dV}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1a64c7c498f04a342323076bac3cea9da00df1a7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.755ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho ({\vec {r}})=dm/dV}"></span>, where <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle dV}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>d</mi> <mi>V</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle dV}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/21c3a0961325e164fddf3f56b30add5bce2f37f0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.003ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle dV}"></span> is an elementary volume at position <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6aec3c9ce13b53e9e24c98e7cce4212627884c91" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.223ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}"></span>. The mass of the body then can be expressed as <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m=\int _{V}\rho ({\vec {r}})\,dV.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>m</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>V</mi> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m=\int _{V}\rho ({\vec {r}})\,dV.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/50d22b726695585727333fa8480cfe6dc00a88fc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:16.586ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m=\int _{V}\rho ({\vec {r}})\,dV.}"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-compact_materials">Non-compact materials</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Bulk_density" title="Bulk density">Bulk density</a> and <a href="/wiki/Particle_mass_density" title="Particle mass density">Particle mass density</a></div> <p>In practice, bulk materials such as sugar, sand, or snow contain voids. Many materials exist in nature as flakes, pellets, or granules. </p><p>Voids are regions which contain something other than the considered material. Commonly the void is air, but it could also be vacuum, liquid, solid, or a different gas or gaseous mixture. </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Bulk_volume" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulk volume">bulk volume</a></i> of a material —inclusive of the <a href="/wiki/Void_space_fraction" class="mw-redirect" title="Void space fraction">void space fraction</a>— is often obtained by a simple measurement (e.g. with a calibrated measuring cup) or geometrically from known dimensions. </p><p>Mass divided by bulk volume determines <i><a href="/wiki/Bulk_density" title="Bulk density">bulk density</a></i>. This is not the same thing as the material volumetric mass density. To determine the material volumetric mass density, one must first discount the volume of the void fraction. Sometimes this can be determined by geometrical reasoning. For the <a href="/wiki/Close-packing_of_equal_spheres" title="Close-packing of equal spheres">close-packing of equal spheres</a> the non-void fraction can be at most about 74%. It can also be determined empirically. Some bulk materials, however, such as sand, have a <i>variable</i> void fraction which depends on how the material is agitated or poured. It might be loose or compact, with more or less air space depending on handling. </p><p>In practice, the void fraction is not necessarily air, or even gaseous. In the case of sand, it could be water, which can be advantageous for measurement as the void fraction for sand saturated in water—once any air bubbles are thoroughly driven out—is potentially more consistent than dry sand measured with an air void. </p><p>In the case of non-compact materials, one must also take care in determining the mass of the material sample. If the material is under pressure (commonly ambient air pressure at the earth's surface) the determination of mass from a measured sample weight might need to account for buoyancy effects due to the density of the void constituent, depending on how the measurement was conducted. In the case of dry sand, sand is so much denser than air that the buoyancy effect is commonly neglected (less than one part in one thousand). </p><p>Mass change upon displacing one void material with another while maintaining constant volume can be used to estimate the void fraction, if the difference in density of the two voids materials is reliably known. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Changes_of_density">Changes of density</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Compressibility" title="Compressibility">Compressibility</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thermal_expansivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal expansivity">Thermal expansivity</a></div> <p>In general, density can be changed by changing either the <a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">pressure</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a>. Increasing the pressure always increases the density of a material. Increasing the temperature generally decreases the density, but there are notable exceptions to this generalization. For example, the density of <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> increases between its melting point at 0 °C and 4 °C; similar behavior is observed in <a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">silicon</a> at low temperatures. </p><p>The effect of pressure and temperature on the densities of liquids and solids is small. The <a href="/wiki/Compressibility" title="Compressibility">compressibility</a> for a typical liquid or solid is 10<sup>−6</sup> <a href="/wiki/Bar_(unit)" title="Bar (unit)">bar</a><sup>−1</sup> (1 bar = 0.1 MPa) and a typical <a href="/wiki/Thermal_expansivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal expansivity">thermal expansivity</a> is 10<sup>−5</sup> <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a><sup>−1</sup>. This roughly translates into needing around ten thousand times atmospheric pressure to reduce the volume of a substance by one percent. (Although the pressures needed may be around a thousand times smaller for sandy soil and some clays.) A one percent expansion of volume typically requires a temperature increase on the order of thousands of degrees <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">Celsius</a>. </p><p>In contrast, the density of gases is strongly affected by pressure. The density of an <a href="/wiki/Ideal_gas" title="Ideal gas">ideal gas</a> is <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho ={\frac {MP}{RT}},}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mi>P</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho ={\frac {MP}{RT}},}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f7c7052ffb8169181bea8a5e943d4444ff78d98f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:9.971ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho ={\frac {MP}{RT}},}"></span> </p><p>where <span class="texhtml"><i>M</i></span> is the <a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">molar mass</a>, <span class="texhtml"><i>P</i></span> is the pressure, <span class="texhtml"><i>R</i></span> is the <a href="/wiki/Gas_constant" title="Gas constant">universal gas constant</a>, and <span class="texhtml"><i>T</i></span> is the <a href="/wiki/Absolute_temperature" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute temperature">absolute temperature</a>. This means that the density of an ideal gas can be doubled by doubling the pressure, or by halving the absolute temperature. </p><p>In the case of volumic thermal expansion at constant pressure and small intervals of temperature the temperature dependence of density is <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho ={\frac {\rho _{T_{0}}}{1+\alpha \cdot \Delta T}},}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho ={\frac {\rho _{T_{0}}}{1+\alpha \cdot \Delta T}},}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bff338a08fc084cbfb3529f1f06496ea08d34915" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:16.525ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho ={\frac {\rho _{T_{0}}}{1+\alpha \cdot \Delta T}},}"></span> </p><p>where <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho _{T_{0}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho _{T_{0}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7acfcd9080f69ad960d79b11916b11e15ebebd9f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.226ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho _{T_{0}}}"></span> is the density at a reference temperature, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>α</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b79333175c8b3f0840bfb4ec41b8072c83ea88d3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.488ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha }"></span> is the thermal expansion coefficient of the material at temperatures close to <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/55b9e7d7b96196b5a6a26f4349caa3ac82fd67e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.412ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{0}}"></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Density_of_solutions">Density of solutions</h2></div> <p>The density of a <a href="/wiki/Solution_(chemistry)" title="Solution (chemistry)">solution</a> is the sum of <a href="/wiki/Mass_concentration_(chemistry)" title="Mass concentration (chemistry)">mass (massic) concentrations</a> of the components of that solution. </p><p>Mass (massic) concentration of each given component <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho _{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho _{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1f9e51d2ad9cab8f8a5d962502ddf4189b713f7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.002ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho _{i}}"></span> in a solution sums to density of the solution, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho =\sum _{i}\rho _{i}.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </munder> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho =\sum _{i}\rho _{i}.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1e1451c342d2bf17ff6d03047a5dfb9747b7fa03" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:10.691ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho =\sum _{i}\rho _{i}.}"></span> </p><p>Expressed as a function of the densities of pure components of the mixture and their <a href="/wiki/Volume_concentration" class="mw-redirect" title="Volume concentration">volume participation</a>, it allows the determination of <a href="/wiki/Excess_molar_quantity" class="mw-redirect" title="Excess molar quantity">excess molar volumes</a>: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho =\sum _{i}\rho _{i}{\frac {V_{i}}{V}}\,=\sum _{i}\rho _{i}\varphi _{i}=\sum _{i}\rho _{i}{\frac {V_{i}}{\sum _{i}V_{i}+\sum _{i}{V^{E}}_{i}}},}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </munder> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>V</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </munder> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>φ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </munder> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <munder> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </munder> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <munder> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </munder> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho =\sum _{i}\rho _{i}{\frac {V_{i}}{V}}\,=\sum _{i}\rho _{i}\varphi _{i}=\sum _{i}\rho _{i}{\frac {V_{i}}{\sum _{i}V_{i}+\sum _{i}{V^{E}}_{i}}},}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3615081327ed61eeed4315989f715e213c998f4e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:51.39ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho =\sum _{i}\rho _{i}{\frac {V_{i}}{V}}\,=\sum _{i}\rho _{i}\varphi _{i}=\sum _{i}\rho _{i}{\frac {V_{i}}{\sum _{i}V_{i}+\sum _{i}{V^{E}}_{i}}},}"></span> provided that there is no interaction between the components. </p><p>Knowing the relation between excess volumes and activity coefficients of the components, one can determine the activity coefficients: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\overline {V^{E}}}_{i}=RT{\frac {\partial \ln \gamma _{i}}{\partial P}}.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <msup> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo accent="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>ln</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <msub> <mi>γ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>P</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\overline {V^{E}}}_{i}=RT{\frac {\partial \ln \gamma _{i}}{\partial P}}.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9d63c3a9e5eaf7d57ee750beefe431e2c93ea06b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:18.337ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\overline {V^{E}}}_{i}=RT{\frac {\partial \ln \gamma _{i}}{\partial P}}.}"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_densities">List of densities <span class="anchor" id="Densities"></span></h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Various_materials">Various materials</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This section is about the listing of only certain chemical elements. For the densities of all chemical elements, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements" title="List of chemical elements">List of chemical elements</a>.</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Densities of various materials covering a range of values </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Material </th> <th><i>ρ</i> (kg/m<sup>3</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th class="unsortable">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">Hydrogen</a></td> <td>0.0898</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">Helium</a></td> <td>0.179</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aerographite" title="Aerographite">Aerographite</a></td> <td>0.2</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-noair_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noair-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Metallic_microlattice" title="Metallic microlattice">Metallic microlattice</a></td> <td>0.9</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-noair_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noair-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aerogel" title="Aerogel">Aerogel</a></td> <td>1.0</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-noair_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noair-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Air" class="mw-redirect" title="Air">Air</a></td> <td>1.2</td> <td>At sea level </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tungsten_hexafluoride" title="Tungsten hexafluoride">Tungsten hexafluoride</a></td> <td>12.4</td> <td>One of the heaviest known gases at standard conditions </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Liquid_hydrogen" title="Liquid hydrogen">Liquid hydrogen</a></td> <td>70</td> <td>At approximately −255 °C </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Styrofoam" title="Styrofoam">Styrofoam</a></td> <td>75</td> <td>Approximate<sup id="cite_ref-madsci1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-madsci1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cork_(material)" title="Cork (material)">Cork</a></td> <td>240</td> <td>Approximate<sup id="cite_ref-madsci1_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-madsci1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">Pine</a></td> <td>373</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-SerwayJewett2005_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SerwayJewett2005-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Lithium</a></td> <td>535</td> <td>Least dense metal </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">Wood</a></td> <td>700</td> <td>Seasoned, typical<sup id="cite_ref-wood0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wood1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">Oak</a></td> <td>710</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-SerwayJewett2005_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SerwayJewett2005-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">Potassium</a></td> <td>860</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-crc2ed_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crc2ed-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">Ice</a></td> <td>916.7</td> <td>At temperature < 0 °C </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cooking_oil" title="Cooking oil">Cooking oil</a></td> <td>910–930</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Sodium</a></td> <td>970</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">Water</a> (fresh)</td> <td>1,000</td> <td>At 4 °C, the temperature of its maximum density </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">Water</a> (salt)</td> <td>1,030</td> <td>3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Liquid_oxygen" title="Liquid oxygen">Liquid oxygen</a></td> <td>1,141</td> <td>At approximately −219 °C </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">Nylon</a></td> <td>1,150</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Plastics" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastics">Plastics</a></td> <td>1,175</td> <td>Approximate; for <a href="/wiki/Polypropylene" title="Polypropylene">polypropylene</a> and <a href="/wiki/PETE" class="mw-redirect" title="PETE">PETE</a>/<a href="/wiki/PVC" class="mw-redirect" title="PVC">PVC</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Glycerol" title="Glycerol">Glycerol</a></td> <td>1,261</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tetrachloroethene" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrachloroethene">Tetrachloroethene</a></td> <td>1,622</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sand" title="Sand">Sand</a></td> <td>1,600</td> <td>Between 1,600 and 2,000 <sup id="cite_ref-Sharma1997_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sharma1997-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Magnesium</a></td> <td>1,740</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Beryllium</a></td> <td>1,850</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">Silicon</a></td> <td>2,330</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete">Concrete</a></td> <td>2,400</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-YoungFreedman2012_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YoungFreedman2012-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Glass" title="Glass">Glass</a></td> <td>2,500</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Quartzite" title="Quartzite">Quartzite</a></td> <td>2,600</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Sharma1997_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sharma1997-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">Granite</a></td> <td>2,700</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Sharma1997_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sharma1997-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gneiss" title="Gneiss">Gneiss</a></td> <td>2,700</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Sharma1997_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sharma1997-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Aluminium</a></td> <td>2,700</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">Limestone</a></td> <td>2,750</td> <td>Compact<sup id="cite_ref-Sharma1997_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sharma1997-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">Basalt</a></td> <td>3,000</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Sharma1997_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sharma1997-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Diiodomethane" title="Diiodomethane">Diiodomethane</a></td> <td>3,325</td> <td>Liquid at room temperature </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Diamond" title="Diamond">Diamond</a></td> <td>3,500</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Titanium</a></td> <td>4,540</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Selenium</a></td> <td>4,800</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">Vanadium</a></td> <td>6,100</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">Antimony</a></td> <td>6,690</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></td> <td>7,000</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">Chromium</a></td> <td>7,200</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">Tin</a></td> <td>7,310</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">Manganese</a></td> <td>7,325</td> <td>Approximate </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mild_steel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mild steel">Mild steel</a></td> <td>7,850</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Iron</a></td> <td>7,870</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Niobium</a></td> <td>8,570</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brass" title="Brass">Brass</a></td> <td>8,600</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-YoungFreedman2012_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YoungFreedman2012-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cadmium</a></td> <td>8,650</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Cobalt</a></td> <td>8,900</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Nickel</a></td> <td>8,900</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Copper</a></td> <td>8,940</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">Bismuth</a></td> <td>9,750</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">Molybdenum</a></td> <td>10,220</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Silver</a></td> <td>10,500</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">Lead</a></td> <td>11,340</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Thorium</a></td> <td>11,700</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rhodium</a></td> <td>12,410</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">Mercury</a></td> <td>13,546</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Tantalum</a></td> <td>16,600</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">Uranium</a></td> <td>19,100</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">Tungsten</a></td> <td>19,300</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Gold</a></td> <td>19,320</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Plutonium</a></td> <td>19,840</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Rhenium</a></td> <td>21,020</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">Platinum</a></td> <td>21,450</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Iridium</a></td> <td>22,420</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Osmium</a></td> <td>22,570</td> <td>Densest natural element on Earth </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Unless otherwise noted, all densities given are at <a href="/wiki/Standard_conditions_for_temperature_and_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard conditions for temperature and pressure">standard conditions for temperature and pressure</a>,<br />that is, 273.15 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (0.00 °C) and 100 kPa (0.987 atm).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-noair-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-noair_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-noair_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-noair_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Air contained in material excluded when calculating density</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Entity </th> <th><i>ρ</i> (kg/m<sup>3</sup>) </th> <th class="unsortable">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_medium" title="Interstellar medium">Interstellar medium</a></td> <td data-sort-value="0.000000000000000000000000017"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6974170000000000000♠"></span>1.7<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−26</sup></span></td> <td>Based on 10<sup>−5</sup> hydrogen atoms per cubic centimetre<sup id="cite_ref-JPL_interstellar_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPL_interstellar-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Local_Interstellar_Cloud" title="Local Interstellar Cloud">Local Interstellar Cloud</a></td> <td data-sort-value="0.0000000000000000000005"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6978500000000000000♠"></span>5<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−22</sup></span></td> <td>Based on 0.3 hydrogen atoms per cubic centimetre<sup id="cite_ref-JPL_interstellar_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPL_interstellar-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_medium" title="Interstellar medium">Interstellar medium</a></td> <td data-sort-value="0.0000000000000001"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6984170000000000000♠"></span>1.7<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−16</sup></span></td> <td>Based on 10<sup>5</sup> hydrogen atoms per cubic centimetre<sup id="cite_ref-JPL_interstellar_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPL_interstellar-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a></td> <td>5,515</td> <td>Mean density.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_inner_core" title="Earth's inner core">Earth's inner core</a></td> <td>13,000</td> <td>Approx., as listed in <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>The core of the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a></td> <td>33,000–160,000</td> <td>Approx.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_dwarf" title="White dwarf">White dwarf</a> star</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7009210000000000000♠"></span>2.1<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>9</sup></span></td> <td>Approx.<sup id="cite_ref-osln_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osln-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atomic_nuclei" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic nuclei">Atomic nuclei</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7017229999999999999♠"></span>2.3<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>17</sup></span></td> <td>Does not depend strongly on size of nucleus<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Neutron_star" title="Neutron star">Neutron star</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7018100000000000000♠"></span>1<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>18</sup></span></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water">Water</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Water_(molecule)#Density_of_water_and_ice" class="mw-redirect" title="Water (molecule)">Water density</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Density of liquid water at 1 <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmosphere (unit)">atm</a> pressure </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Temp. (°C)<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Density (kg/m<sup>3</sup>) </th></tr> <tr> <td>−30</td> <td>983.854 </td></tr> <tr> <td>−20</td> <td>993.547 </td></tr> <tr> <td>−10</td> <td>998.117 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>999.8395 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>999.9720 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>999.7026 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td>999.1026 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td>998.2071 </td></tr> <tr> <td>22</td> <td>997.7735 </td></tr> <tr> <td>25</td> <td>997.0479 </td></tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td>995.6502 </td></tr> <tr> <td>40</td> <td>992.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>60</td> <td>983.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>80</td> <td>971.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>100</td> <td>958.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Notes: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Values below 0 °C refer to <a href="/wiki/Supercooling" title="Supercooling">supercooled</a> water.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Density_of_air" title="Density of air">Density of air</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_density_vs_temperature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Air_density_vs_temperature.svg/400px-Air_density_vs_temperature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Air_density_vs_temperature.svg/600px-Air_density_vs_temperature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Air_density_vs_temperature.svg/800px-Air_density_vs_temperature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="431" /></a><figcaption>Air density <i>vs.</i> temperature</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Density of air at 1 <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmosphere (unit)">atm</a> pressure </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><i>T</i> (°C) </th> <th><i>ρ</i> (kg/m<sup>3</sup>) </th></tr> <tr> <td>−25</td> <td>1.423 </td></tr> <tr> <td>−20</td> <td>1.395 </td></tr> <tr> <td>−15</td> <td>1.368 </td></tr> <tr> <td>−10</td> <td>1.342 </td></tr> <tr> <td>−5</td> <td>1.316 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>1.293 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>1.269 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>1.247 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td>1.225 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td>1.204 </td></tr> <tr> <td>25</td> <td>1.184 </td></tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td>1.164 </td></tr> <tr> <td>35</td> <td>1.146 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Molar_volumes_of_liquid_and_solid_phase_of_elements">Molar volumes of liquid and solid phase of elements</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Molar_volumes_of_liquid-solid_phase_of_elements.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Molar_volumes_of_liquid-solid_phase_of_elements.svg/1000px-Molar_volumes_of_liquid-solid_phase_of_elements.svg.png" decoding="async" width="1000" height="1419" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Molar_volumes_of_liquid-solid_phase_of_elements.svg/1500px-Molar_volumes_of_liquid-solid_phase_of_elements.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Molar_volumes_of_liquid-solid_phase_of_elements.svg/2000px-Molar_volumes_of_liquid-solid_phase_of_elements.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1703" /></a><figcaption>Molar volumes of liquid and solid phase of elements</figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Densities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Densities of the elements (data page)">Densities of the elements (data page)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_elements_by_density#List" class="mw-redirect" title="List of elements by density">List of elements by density</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_density" class="mw-redirect" title="Air density">Air density</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_density" title="Area density">Area density</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulk_density" title="Bulk density">Bulk density</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buoyancy" title="Buoyancy">Buoyancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_density" title="Charge density">Charge density</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Density_current" class="mw-redirect" title="Density current">Density current</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girolami_method" title="Girolami method">Density prediction by the Girolami method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dord" title="Dord">Dord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_density" title="Energy density">Energy density</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighter_than_air" class="mw-redirect" title="Lighter than air">Lighter than air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_density" title="Linear density">Linear density</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Number_density" title="Number density">Number density</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthobaric_density" title="Orthobaric density">Orthobaric density</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_density" title="Paper density">Paper density</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specific_weight" title="Specific weight">Specific weight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice_(oceanography)" title="Spice (oceanography)">Spice (oceanography)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_temperature_and_pressure" title="Standard temperature and pressure">Standard temperature and pressure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volumic_quantity" class="mw-redirect" title="Volumic quantity">Volumic quantity</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130414132531/http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/BGH/fluden.html">"Gas Density"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Research_Center" title="Glenn Research Center">Glenn Research Center</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautic_and_Space_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="National Aeronautic and Space Administration">National Aeronautic and Space Administration</a>. 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October 2, 2012. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1787%2F9789264123298-en">10.1787/9789264123298-en</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789264123298" title="Special:BookSources/9789264123298"><bdi>9789264123298</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2074-5753">2074-5753</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=OECD+Guidelines+for+the+Testing+of+Chemicals%2C+Section+1&rft.atitle=Test+No.+109%3A+Density+of+Liquids+and+Solids&rft.pages=6&rft.date=2012-10-02&rft.issn=2074-5753&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1787%2F9789264123298-en&rft.isbn=9789264123298&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADensity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phys.org/news/2012-07-carbon-nanotube-struructure-aerographite-lightest.html">New carbon nanotube struructure aerographite is lightest material champ</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017064205/http://phys.org/news/2012-07-carbon-nanotube-struructure-aerographite-lightest.html">Archived</a> October 17, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Phys.org (July 13, 2012). Retrieved on July 14, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/technik/aerographit-leichtestes-material-der-welt-entwickelt-a-843819.html">Aerographit: Leichtestes Material der Welt entwickelt – SPIEGEL ONLINE</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017083053/http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/technik/aerographit-leichtestes-material-der-welt-entwickelt-a-843819.html">Archived</a> October 17, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Spiegel.de (July 11, 2012). Retrieved on July 14, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-madsci1-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-madsci1_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-madsci1_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/mar2000/954534602.Ph.r.html">"Re: which is more bouyant [<i>sic</i>] styrofoam or cork"</a>. Madsci.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110214145901/http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/mar2000/954534602.Ph.r.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 14, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 8,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Local+Galactic+Neighborhood&rft.series=Interstellar+Probe+Project&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finterstellar.jpl.nasa.gov%2Finterstellar%2Fprobe%2Fintroduction%2Fneighborhood.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADensity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=density+of+the+earth"><i>Density of the Earth</i></a>, wolframalpha.com, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017051437/http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=density+of+the+earth">archived</a> from the original on October 17, 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Density+of+the+Earth&rft.pub=wolframalpha.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wolframalpha.com%2Finput%2F%3Fi%3Ddensity%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bearth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADensity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=density+of+earth%27s+core"><i>Density of Earth's core</i></a>, wolframalpha.com, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017051441/http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=density+of+earth%27s+core">archived</a> from the original on October 17, 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Density+of+Earth%27s+core&rft.pub=wolframalpha.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wolframalpha.com%2Finput%2F%3Fi%3Ddensity%2Bof%2Bearth%2527s%2Bcore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADensity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=density+of+sun%27s+core"><i>Density of the Sun's core</i></a>, wolframalpha.com, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017051337/http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=density+of+sun%27s+core">archived</a> from the original on October 17, 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Density+of+the+Sun%27s+core&rft.pub=wolframalpha.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wolframalpha.com%2Finput%2F%3Fi%3Ddensity%2Bof%2Bsun%2527s%2Bcore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADensity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-osln-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-osln_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson" class="citation web cs1">Johnson, Jennifer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070925204453/http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~jaj/Ast162/lectures/notesWL22.pdf">"Extreme Stars: White Dwarfs & Neutron Stars]"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>lecture notes, Astronomy 162</i>. <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State University</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~jaj/Ast162/lectures/notesWL22.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 25, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lecture+notes%2C+Astronomy+162&rft.atitle=Extreme+Stars%3A+White+Dwarfs+%26+Neutron+Stars%5D&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronomy.ohio-state.edu%2F~jaj%2FAst162%2Flectures%2FnotesWL22.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADensity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090706034134/http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/nuclear/nucuni.html">"Nuclear Size and Density"</a>. <i>HyperPhysics</i>. Georgia State University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/HBASE/Nuclear/nucuni.html">the original</a> on July 6, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HyperPhysics&rft.atitle=Nuclear+Size+and+Density&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu%2FHBASE%2FNuclear%2Fnucuni.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADensity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Density"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Density">"Density" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Density&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADensity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work/Density"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Density">"Density" </a></span>. <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work"><i>The New Student's Reference Work</i> </a></span>. 1914.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Density&rft.btitle=The+New+Student%27s+Reference+Work&rft.date=1914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADensity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eY-44iPSWIU">Video: Density Experiment with Oil and Alcohol</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=96NFH2Z7GSA">Video: Density Experiment with Whiskey and Water</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glassproperties.com/density/room-temperature/">Glass Density Calculation – Calculation of the density of glass at room temperature and of glass melts at 1000 – 1400°C</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080505011613/http://www.science.co.il/PTelements.asp?s=Density">List of Elements of the Periodic Table – Sorted by Density</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ddbonline.ddbst.de/DIPPR105DensityCalculation/DIPPR105CalculationCGI.exe">Calculation of saturated liquid densities for some components</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.denichsoiltest.com/field/field-density-test.html">Field density test</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101215142647/http://www.denichsoiltest.com/field/field-density-test.html">Archived</a> December 15, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/water-density-specific-weight-d_595.html">Water – Density and specific weight</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sengpielaudio.com/ConvDensi.htm">Temperature dependence of the density of water – Conversions of density units</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adamequipment.com/education/Documents/EdExp1.pdf">A delicious density experiment</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150718024352/http://www.adamequipment.com/education/Documents/EdExp1.pdf">Archived</a> July 18, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linkingweatherandclimate.com/ocean/waterdensitycalc.php">Water density calculator</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713211655/http://www.linkingweatherandclimate.com/ocean/waterdensitycalc.php">Archived</a> July 13, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Water density for a given salinity and temperature.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enggcyclopedia.com/welcome-to-enggcyclopedia/calculators/liquid-density">Liquid density calculator</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> Select a liquid from the list and calculate density as a function of temperature.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enggcyclopedia.com/welcome-to-enggcyclopedia/thermodynamics/gas-density">Gas density calculator</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> Calculate density of a gas for as a function of temperature and pressure.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jaredzone.info/2010/09/densities.html">Densities of various materials.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amrita.olabs.co.in/?sub=1&brch=1&sim=2&cnt=9">Determination of Density of Solid</a>, instructions for performing classroom experiment.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamAlvarezGalvezAlvarez2008" class="citation journal cs1">Lam EJ, Alvarez MN, Galvez ME, Alvarez EB (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4067%2FS0717-97072008000100015">"A model for calculating the density of aqueous multicomponent electrolyte solutions"</a>. <i>Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society</i>. <b>53</b> (1): 1393–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4067%2FS0717-97072008000100015">10.4067/S0717-97072008000100015</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Chilean+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=A+model+for+calculating+the+density+of+aqueous+multicomponent+electrolyte+solutions&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1393-8&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4067%2FS0717-97072008000100015&rft.aulast=Lam&rft.aufirst=EJ&rft.au=Alvarez%2C+MN&rft.au=Galvez%2C+ME&rft.au=Alvarez%2C+EB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4067%252FS0717-97072008000100015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADensity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadovićKijevčaninTasićDjordjević2010" class="citation journal cs1">Radović IR, Kijevčanin ML, Tasić AŽ, Djordjević BD, Šerbanović SP (2010). "Derived thermodynamic properties of alcohol+ cyclohexylamine mixtures". <i>Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society</i>. <b>75</b> (2): 283–293. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.424.3486">10.1.1.424.3486</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2298%2FJSC1002283R">10.2298/JSC1002283R</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Serbian+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=Derived+thermodynamic+properties+of+alcohol%2B+cyclohexylamine+mixtures&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=283-293&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.424.3486%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2298%2FJSC1002283R&rft.aulast=Radovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=IR&rft.au=Kijev%C4%8Danin%2C+ML&rft.au=Tasi%C4%87%2C+A%C5%BD&rft.au=Djordjevi%C4%87%2C+BD&rft.au=%C5%A0erbanovi%C4%87%2C+SP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADensity" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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title="Amount of substance">Amount of substance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_mass" title="Atomic mass">Atomic mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Particle_number" title="Particle number">Particle number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">Pressure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermodynamic_temperature" title="Thermodynamic temperature">Thermodynamic temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molar_volume" title="Molar volume">Molar volume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specific_volume" title="Specific volume">Specific volume</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laws</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles%27s_law" title="Charles's law">Charles's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyle%27s_law" title="Boyle's law">Boyle's law</a></li> 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