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class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;"><b>Address: </b>San Marcos, Texas, United States<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="suggested-academics-container"><div class="suggested-academics--header"><h3 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Related Authors</h3></div><ul class="suggested-user-card-list" data-nosnippet="true"><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a data-nosnippet="" href="https://udel.academia.edu/MuqtedarKhan"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Muqtedar Khan related author profile picture" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') 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id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="nav-container backbone-profile-documents-nav hidden-xs"><ul class="nav-tablist" role="tablist"><li class="nav-chip active" role="presentation"><a data-section-name="" data-toggle="tab" href="#all" role="tab">all</a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Papers" data-toggle="tab" href="#papers" role="tab" title="Papers"><span>56</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Papers</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Books" data-toggle="tab" href="#books" role="tab" title="Books"><span>6</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Books</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Journal-Articles" data-toggle="tab" href="#journalarticles" role="tab" title="Journal Articles"><span>1</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Journal Articles</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Book-Chapters" data-toggle="tab" href="#bookchapters" role="tab" title="Book Chapters"><span>1</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Book Chapters</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip more-tab" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-documents-more-tab link-unstyled u-textTruncate" data-toggle="dropdown" role="tab">More  <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i></a><ul class="js-profile-documents-more-dropdown dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right profile-documents-more-dropdown" role="menu"><li role="presentation"><a data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Books-(Authored)" data-toggle="tab" href="#booksauthored" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>1</span> Books (Authored)</a></li></ul></li></ul></div><div class="divider ds-divider-16" style="margin: 0px;"></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Nathan Pino</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="108186058"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/108186058/The_persistent_countervailing_consequences_of_urbanization_A_longitudinal_study_of_homicide_rates"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The persistent countervailing consequences of urbanization: A longitudinal study of homicide rates" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106635864/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/108186058/The_persistent_countervailing_consequences_of_urbanization_A_longitudinal_study_of_homicide_rates">The persistent countervailing consequences of urbanization: A longitudinal study of homicide rates</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>European Journal of Criminology</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Quantitative criminologists often use temporally lagged variables to estimate the structural forc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Quantitative criminologists often use temporally lagged variables to estimate the structural forces contributing to variation in crime rates. We elucidate the relevance of temporal lags for crossnational research by looking specifically at the lagged longitudinal relationship between urbanization and homicide rates. Using cross-national time-series data for (n = 83) nations, we run a series of 10 separate panel models, in which we incrementally increase the time lag between the dependent variable homicide rate and two independent measures of urbanization, controlling for changes in GDP and age-structure as well as fixed effects for time and unit. Results from these panel models confirm that the two measures of urbanization are oppositely associated with homicide rates. Moreover, while the magnitudes of the associations for both predictors decline as lag time increases, they continue to be statistically significant. These results provide evidence that urbanization has countervailing and persistent consequences for homicide rates that ripple through time. These results also lead us to conclude that a more systematic approach to lag time in longitudinal research is needed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-108186058-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-108186058-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/18250079/table-2-the-lagged-slope-estimates-for-urbanization"><img alt="Figure |. The lagged slope estimates for urbanization variables in homicide rate panel models* *Note: The dots represent the slope estimates from Table 2 for the variables “Urban” and “Large Cities.” The error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. The estimates are interpreted roughly as the proportional change in the dependent variable for every one percent change in the independent variable, all else equal. In the four-year lag model, the z-score for the Large Cities variable is exactly —|.96, and the p-value is exactly p = .05; we report its significance level at p<.1. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106635864/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/18250082/table-1-note-the-statistics-displayed-in-are-based-on"><img alt="*Note: The statistics displayed in Table | are based on contemporaneous values with no lag (i.e. zero-year lag). Values for homicide and GDP have been log-transformed. Table |. Univariate and bivariate statistics (n = 83 nations)* " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106635864/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/18250085/table-2-note-the-estimates-presented-here-are-bivariate"><img alt="*Note: The estimates presented here are bivariate correlations between each independent variable and homicide rate for each temporal lag used in the regression analysis. Values for homicide rate and GDP have been log-transformed. Table 2. Bivariate correlations with homicide rate across different lags (n = 83 nations)* " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106635864/table_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/18250087/table-3-note-tp-two-tailed-hypothesis-test-there-are-nations"><img alt="*Note: tp <.1; *p <.05; **p <.001’; “p =.05’; ‘p<.1 (two-tailed hypothesis test). There are 83 nations (for list of nations, see Appendix A), and the panels are unbalanced the minimum, average, and maximum number of time periods (i.e. years) are, respectively: |, 13.20, and 19. The product of cases and time periods yields a total number o observations equal to 13.20 x 83 = 1096 nation-years. Values for homicide and GDP have been log-transformed. Slopes are elasticities, interpreted roughly as the percen change in the dependent variable for every one percent change in the predictor variable, all else equal. In the four-year lag model, the z-score for the large cities variable i exactly — 1.96, and the p-value is exactly p = 0.05; we report its significance level at p<0.1. Table 3. Results from the regression of homicide rate with different temporal lags (n = 83 nations)* " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106635864/table_003.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-108186058-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="31d8e72c4c36ef2c907cd1642efc5df5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106635864,"asset_id":108186058,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106635864/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="108186058"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="108186058"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108186058; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108186058]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108186058]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108186058; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='108186058']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "31d8e72c4c36ef2c907cd1642efc5df5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=108186058]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":108186058,"title":"The persistent countervailing consequences of urbanization: A longitudinal study of homicide rates","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1177/14773708221098990","abstract":"Quantitative criminologists often use temporally lagged variables to estimate the structural forces contributing to variation in crime rates. We elucidate the relevance of temporal lags for crossnational research by looking specifically at the lagged longitudinal relationship between urbanization and homicide rates. Using cross-national time-series data for (n = 83) nations, we run a series of 10 separate panel models, in which we incrementally increase the time lag between the dependent variable homicide rate and two independent measures of urbanization, controlling for changes in GDP and age-structure as well as fixed effects for time and unit. Results from these panel models confirm that the two measures of urbanization are oppositely associated with homicide rates. Moreover, while the magnitudes of the associations for both predictors decline as lag time increases, they continue to be statistically significant. These results provide evidence that urbanization has countervailing and persistent consequences for homicide rates that ripple through time. These results also lead us to conclude that a more systematic approach to lag time in longitudinal research is needed.","ai_title_tag":"Urbanization's Lasting Effects on Homicide Rates: A Longitudinal Analysis","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2023,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"European Journal of Criminology"},"translated_abstract":"Quantitative criminologists often use temporally lagged variables to estimate the structural forces contributing to variation in crime rates. We elucidate the relevance of temporal lags for crossnational research by looking specifically at the lagged longitudinal relationship between urbanization and homicide rates. Using cross-national time-series data for (n = 83) nations, we run a series of 10 separate panel models, in which we incrementally increase the time lag between the dependent variable homicide rate and two independent measures of urbanization, controlling for changes in GDP and age-structure as well as fixed effects for time and unit. Results from these panel models confirm that the two measures of urbanization are oppositely associated with homicide rates. Moreover, while the magnitudes of the associations for both predictors decline as lag time increases, they continue to be statistically significant. These results provide evidence that urbanization has countervailing and persistent consequences for homicide rates that ripple through time. These results also lead us to conclude that a more systematic approach to lag time in longitudinal research is needed.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108186058/The_persistent_countervailing_consequences_of_urbanization_A_longitudinal_study_of_homicide_rates","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-10-15T19:13:53.157-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6786759,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":40440563,"work_id":108186058,"tagging_user_id":6786759,"tagged_user_id":144503,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"j***n@monash.edu","affiliation":"The Australian National University","display_order":1,"name":"Jarrett Blaustein","title":"The persistent countervailing consequences of urbanization: A longitudinal study of homicide rates"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":106635864,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106635864/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Clement_Pino_and_Blaustein_2023.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106635864/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_persistent_countervailing_consequenc.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106635864/Clement_Pino_and_Blaustein_2023-libre.pdf?1697426224=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_persistent_countervailing_consequenc.pdf\u0026Expires=1743662380\u0026Signature=NWMlww-V0HgELhGAqEqzHn5zOqBTI264TOMPaMM7YnYi1S6-lHe08UtRLFEJhi6HJmuY0BeyrBTQl2gWRymdIDzwaeUVWGk~lEU2BDl2lhgWBAjW3xvFdR-E2ZN-7nULBLhlZnc4qpflf0HFx2MG~S1IQ2KeMVSFdNUIq0b3~nhtsso5WILmBtQHyP47cB-HAJutnK~ml9lC1xkHfNDekg6ya2YJwjxRBbAEHl4i9POMt5EUJTKXLrzFtroe-rFQ~RA~4jOeP1SldpW0PXjE5WtqSfoJKoB~vacTtN5G6cwSV8~kbSZ201rWVGhwbosD7OM0-n1LjJ4qxqNQp1nS6Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_persistent_countervailing_consequences_of_urbanization_A_longitudinal_study_of_homicide_rates","translated_slug":"","page_count":23,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Quantitative criminologists often use temporally lagged variables to estimate the structural forces contributing to variation in crime rates. We elucidate the relevance of temporal lags for crossnational research by looking specifically at the lagged longitudinal relationship between urbanization and homicide rates. Using cross-national time-series data for (n = 83) nations, we run a series of 10 separate panel models, in which we incrementally increase the time lag between the dependent variable homicide rate and two independent measures of urbanization, controlling for changes in GDP and age-structure as well as fixed effects for time and unit. Results from these panel models confirm that the two measures of urbanization are oppositely associated with homicide rates. Moreover, while the magnitudes of the associations for both predictors decline as lag time increases, they continue to be statistically significant. These results provide evidence that urbanization has countervailing and persistent consequences for homicide rates that ripple through time. These results also lead us to conclude that a more systematic approach to lag time in longitudinal research is needed.","owner":{"id":6786759,"first_name":"Nathan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pino","page_name":"NathanPino","domain_name":"txstate","created_at":"2013-11-12T02:08:48.043-08:00","display_name":"Nathan Pino","url":"https://txstate.academia.edu/NathanPino"},"attachments":[{"id":106635864,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106635864/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Clement_Pino_and_Blaustein_2023.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106635864/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_persistent_countervailing_consequenc.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106635864/Clement_Pino_and_Blaustein_2023-libre.pdf?1697426224=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_persistent_countervailing_consequenc.pdf\u0026Expires=1743662380\u0026Signature=NWMlww-V0HgELhGAqEqzHn5zOqBTI264TOMPaMM7YnYi1S6-lHe08UtRLFEJhi6HJmuY0BeyrBTQl2gWRymdIDzwaeUVWGk~lEU2BDl2lhgWBAjW3xvFdR-E2ZN-7nULBLhlZnc4qpflf0HFx2MG~S1IQ2KeMVSFdNUIq0b3~nhtsso5WILmBtQHyP47cB-HAJutnK~ml9lC1xkHfNDekg6ya2YJwjxRBbAEHl4i9POMt5EUJTKXLrzFtroe-rFQ~RA~4jOeP1SldpW0PXjE5WtqSfoJKoB~vacTtN5G6cwSV8~kbSZ201rWVGhwbosD7OM0-n1LjJ4qxqNQp1nS6Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":189,"name":"Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology"},{"id":3208,"name":"Homicide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homicide"},{"id":21310,"name":"Urbanization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urbanization"},{"id":572622,"name":"Comparative Cross-National Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Cross-National_Research"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-108186058-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79094743"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/79094743/Police_Officers_Fear_of_Crime_An_Analysis_of_Interviews_with_Officers_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Police Officers' Fear of Crime: An Analysis of Interviews with Officers in Trinidad and Tobago" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/85932257/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/79094743/Police_Officers_Fear_of_Crime_An_Analysis_of_Interviews_with_Officers_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago">Police Officers' Fear of Crime: An Analysis of Interviews with Officers in Trinidad and Tobago</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal for Crime, Justice, and Social Democracy</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Research on fear of crime usually examines perceptions of civilians. Little has been said about p...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Research on fear of crime usually examines perceptions of civilians. Little has been said about police officers' fear of crime, particularly in developing countries of the Global South, despite their occupational high risk of victimisation. The current study is an analysis of qualitative interview data collected from 12 male senior police officers in Trinidad and Tobago, with a focus on how they are affected by crime and navigate their roles as officers. The goal here is to contribute to Southern criminological dialogue about subjective appraisals of, and reactions to, crime by emphasising the experiences of civil servants mandated to address crime in the context of a postcolonial developing country. Analyses found that officers perceived that they and their family members were at high risk of criminal victimisation, were significantly worried or fearful about themselves or family members becoming victimised and often engaged in avoidance behavioural strategies to reduce risk of victimisation.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="56eab2620b7e8f0ec7b8ef891587540d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":85932257,"asset_id":79094743,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85932257/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79094743"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79094743"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094743; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094743]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094743]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094743; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='79094743']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "56eab2620b7e8f0ec7b8ef891587540d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=79094743]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":79094743,"title":"Police Officers' Fear of Crime: An Analysis of Interviews with Officers in Trinidad and Tobago","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.5204/ijcjsd.v8i4.1204","abstract":"Research on fear of crime usually examines perceptions of civilians. Little has been said about police officers' fear of crime, particularly in developing countries of the Global South, despite their occupational high risk of victimisation. The current study is an analysis of qualitative interview data collected from 12 male senior police officers in Trinidad and Tobago, with a focus on how they are affected by crime and navigate their roles as officers. The goal here is to contribute to Southern criminological dialogue about subjective appraisals of, and reactions to, crime by emphasising the experiences of civil servants mandated to address crime in the context of a postcolonial developing country. Analyses found that officers perceived that they and their family members were at high risk of criminal victimisation, were significantly worried or fearful about themselves or family members becoming victimised and often engaged in avoidance behavioural strategies to reduce risk of victimisation.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"International Journal for Crime, Justice, and Social Democracy"},"translated_abstract":"Research on fear of crime usually examines perceptions of civilians. Little has been said about police officers' fear of crime, particularly in developing countries of the Global South, despite their occupational high risk of victimisation. The current study is an analysis of qualitative interview data collected from 12 male senior police officers in Trinidad and Tobago, with a focus on how they are affected by crime and navigate their roles as officers. The goal here is to contribute to Southern criminological dialogue about subjective appraisals of, and reactions to, crime by emphasising the experiences of civil servants mandated to address crime in the context of a postcolonial developing country. Analyses found that officers perceived that they and their family members were at high risk of criminal victimisation, were significantly worried or fearful about themselves or family members becoming victimised and often engaged in avoidance behavioural strategies to reduce risk of victimisation.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79094743/Police_Officers_Fear_of_Crime_An_Analysis_of_Interviews_with_Officers_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-05-14T09:20:51.064-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6786759,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":38227916,"work_id":79094743,"tagging_user_id":6786759,"tagged_user_id":74835068,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"d***n@usp.ac.fj","display_order":1,"name":"Danielle Watson","title":"Police Officers' Fear of Crime: An Analysis of Interviews with Officers in Trinidad and Tobago"},{"id":38227917,"work_id":79094743,"tagging_user_id":6786759,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":7556200,"email":"j***8@pnw.edu","display_order":2,"name":"Lee Michael Johnson","title":"Police Officers' Fear of Crime: An Analysis of Interviews with Officers in Trinidad and Tobago"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85932257,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/85932257/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Johnson_Watson_and_Pino_2019.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85932257/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Police_Officers_Fear_of_Crime_An_Analysi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/85932257/Johnson_Watson_and_Pino_2019.pdf?1738500859=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPolice_Officers_Fear_of_Crime_An_Analysi.pdf\u0026Expires=1743662380\u0026Signature=KkgDSCcI5KjUj78bVZOHIr1U5bU7~rOzDvAqOp2ijEs3WA4AfLwm1Up1ylARaALhqDZj2Fi8x3sYvVdNv0dcjoJoEZNyf5bAhNQdAenczp7H~4RYI-az2aQx6dlkEeO~6pwAPU7ptnegkZSu~HE~BtCPYvMckN8RTtsdTWje86E7oZbaZBC3Ib43qaIFU3n5ZiToTSvItUasZQQTuPzA4kMveX~-ED9S3HnTN6~tapCLKo9697nTwtFn0UNltkuAlq-UEea-I2N0FK4kEO9lxwSlFE7cWpq-3JOSqz8pKSOtwTQQRTY8SgoUWWSkn14ggyn4Gg6r6VbaMazIAsL1-g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Police_Officers_Fear_of_Crime_An_Analysis_of_Interviews_with_Officers_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago","translated_slug":"","page_count":17,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Research on fear of crime usually examines perceptions of civilians. Little has been said about police officers' fear of crime, particularly in developing countries of the Global South, despite their occupational high risk of victimisation. The current study is an analysis of qualitative interview data collected from 12 male senior police officers in Trinidad and Tobago, with a focus on how they are affected by crime and navigate their roles as officers. The goal here is to contribute to Southern criminological dialogue about subjective appraisals of, and reactions to, crime by emphasising the experiences of civil servants mandated to address crime in the context of a postcolonial developing country. Analyses found that officers perceived that they and their family members were at high risk of criminal victimisation, were significantly worried or fearful about themselves or family members becoming victimised and often engaged in avoidance behavioural strategies to reduce risk of victimisation.","owner":{"id":6786759,"first_name":"Nathan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pino","page_name":"NathanPino","domain_name":"txstate","created_at":"2013-11-12T02:08:48.043-08:00","display_name":"Nathan Pino","url":"https://txstate.academia.edu/NathanPino"},"attachments":[{"id":85932257,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/85932257/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Johnson_Watson_and_Pino_2019.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85932257/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Police_Officers_Fear_of_Crime_An_Analysi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/85932257/Johnson_Watson_and_Pino_2019.pdf?1738500859=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPolice_Officers_Fear_of_Crime_An_Analysi.pdf\u0026Expires=1743662380\u0026Signature=KkgDSCcI5KjUj78bVZOHIr1U5bU7~rOzDvAqOp2ijEs3WA4AfLwm1Up1ylARaALhqDZj2Fi8x3sYvVdNv0dcjoJoEZNyf5bAhNQdAenczp7H~4RYI-az2aQx6dlkEeO~6pwAPU7ptnegkZSu~HE~BtCPYvMckN8RTtsdTWje86E7oZbaZBC3Ib43qaIFU3n5ZiToTSvItUasZQQTuPzA4kMveX~-ED9S3HnTN6~tapCLKo9697nTwtFn0UNltkuAlq-UEea-I2N0FK4kEO9lxwSlFE7cWpq-3JOSqz8pKSOtwTQQRTY8SgoUWWSkn14ggyn4Gg6r6VbaMazIAsL1-g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":54342,"name":"Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing"},{"id":137967,"name":"Trinidad and Tobago","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trinidad_and_Tobago"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-79094743-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79094713"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/79094713/UNODC_and_the_Crime_Development_Nexus_From_Drugs_and_Thugs_to_Peaceful_and_Inclusive_Societies"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of UNODC and the Crime Development Nexus: From ‘Drugs and Thugs’ to ‘Peaceful and Inclusive Societies" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">UNODC and the Crime Development Nexus: From ‘Drugs and Thugs’ to ‘Peaceful and Inclusive Societies</div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://txstate.academia.edu/NathanPino">Nathan Pino</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://monash.academia.edu/TomChodor">Tom Chodor</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>British Journal of Criminology</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Development has long featured on the United Nations (UN) crime policy agenda; however, crime was ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Development has long featured on the United Nations (UN) crime policy agenda; however, crime was only officially recognized by the international community as a global development priority following the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals in 2015. Adopting a sociological institutionalist perspective, this article sets out to account for how this recognition was achieved. We draw on interviews with senior UN crime policy insiders and documentary sources to analyse the efforts of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) to amplify awareness of the crime-development link following the omission of this issue from the Millenium Development Goals and amidst significant institutional and material pressures to strengthen its ties to the wider UN system. The article accounts for the political construction of the crime-development nexus and the important role that UNODC has historically played in facilitating global governance in this emergent and increasingly expansive sphere of policy and practice.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79094713"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79094713"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094713; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094713]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094713]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094713; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='79094713']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=79094713]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":79094713,"title":"UNODC and the Crime Development Nexus: From ‘Drugs and Thugs’ to ‘Peaceful and Inclusive Societies","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1093/bjc/azz050","abstract":"Development has long featured on the United Nations (UN) crime policy agenda; however, crime was only officially recognized by the international community as a global development priority following the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals in 2015. 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We draw on interviews with senior UN crime policy insiders and documentary sources to analyse the efforts of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) to amplify awareness of the crime-development link following the omission of this issue from the Millenium Development Goals and amidst significant institutional and material pressures to strengthen its ties to the wider UN system. The article accounts for the political construction of the crime-development nexus and the important role that UNODC has historically played in facilitating global governance in this emergent and increasingly expansive sphere of policy and practice.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79094713/UNODC_and_the_Crime_Development_Nexus_From_Drugs_and_Thugs_to_Peaceful_and_Inclusive_Societies","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-05-14T09:13:41.615-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6786759,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":38227888,"work_id":79094713,"tagging_user_id":6786759,"tagged_user_id":26377802,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"t***r@monash.edu","affiliation":"Monash University","display_order":0,"name":"Tom Chodor","title":"UNODC and the Crime Development Nexus: From ‘Drugs and Thugs’ to ‘Peaceful and Inclusive Societies"},{"id":38227889,"work_id":79094713,"tagging_user_id":6786759,"tagged_user_id":144503,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"j***n@monash.edu","affiliation":"The Australian National University","display_order":4194304,"name":"Jarrett Blaustein","title":"UNODC and the Crime Development Nexus: From ‘Drugs and Thugs’ to ‘Peaceful and Inclusive Societies"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"UNODC_and_the_Crime_Development_Nexus_From_Drugs_and_Thugs_to_Peaceful_and_Inclusive_Societies","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Development has long featured on the United Nations (UN) crime policy agenda; however, crime was only officially recognized by the international community as a global development priority following the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals in 2015. 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The discourses of 40 members of the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service are examined to determine how they define residents of the community and situate them within specific interactive contexts. Results show that the officers typically have extremely negative views of the community and its residents, which amplify their perceptions of policing as difficult and dangerous. The potential impact of these perceptions upon police practices, officer well-being and police–community relations are discussed. The study contributes to the emerging scholarly dialogue on policing in the global South and highlights the benefits of discourse analysis within country case studies to elucidate country-specific nuances in police–community relations.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79094703"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79094703"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094703; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094703]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094703]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094703; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='79094703']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=79094703]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":79094703,"title":"Police Perceptions of Residents in a High Crime Community in Trinidad \u0026 Tobago: Community Framing and Crime Wars.","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1177/1748895819858372","abstract":"This article examines police perceptions of residents of a marginalized community in Trinidad and Tobago. 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The study contributes to the emerging scholarly dialogue on policing in the global South and highlights the benefits of discourse analysis within country case studies to elucidate country-specific nuances in police–community relations.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79094703/Police_Perceptions_of_Residents_in_a_High_Crime_Community_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago_Community_Framing_and_Crime_Wars","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-05-14T09:10:36.048-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6786759,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":38227878,"work_id":79094703,"tagging_user_id":6786759,"tagged_user_id":102251583,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"p***n@sta.uwi.edu","affiliation":"The University of the West Indies at St. Augustine Trinidad and Tobago","display_order":0,"name":"paula morgan","title":"Police Perceptions of Residents in a High Crime Community in Trinidad \u0026 Tobago: Community Framing and Crime Wars."},{"id":38227879,"work_id":79094703,"tagging_user_id":6786759,"tagged_user_id":300450194,"co_author_invite_id":7556201,"email":"d***n@qut.edu.au","display_order":4194304,"name":"Danielle Watson","title":"Police Perceptions of Residents in a High Crime Community in Trinidad \u0026 Tobago: Community Framing and Crime Wars."},{"id":38227880,"work_id":79094703,"tagging_user_id":6786759,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":7556200,"email":"j***8@pnw.edu","display_order":6291456,"name":"Lee Michael Johnson","title":"Police Perceptions of Residents in a High Crime Community in Trinidad \u0026 Tobago: Community Framing and Crime Wars."}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Police_Perceptions_of_Residents_in_a_High_Crime_Community_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago_Community_Framing_and_Crime_Wars","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"This article examines police perceptions of residents of a marginalized community in Trinidad and Tobago. The discourses of 40 members of the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service are examined to determine how they define residents of the community and situate them within specific interactive contexts. Results show that the officers typically have extremely negative views of the community and its residents, which amplify their perceptions of policing as difficult and dangerous. The potential impact of these perceptions upon police practices, officer well-being and police–community relations are discussed. The study contributes to the emerging scholarly dialogue on policing in the global South and highlights the benefits of discourse analysis within country case studies to elucidate country-specific nuances in police–community relations.","owner":{"id":6786759,"first_name":"Nathan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pino","page_name":"NathanPino","domain_name":"txstate","created_at":"2013-11-12T02:08:48.043-08:00","display_name":"Nathan Pino","url":"https://txstate.academia.edu/NathanPino"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":54342,"name":"Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing"},{"id":137967,"name":"Trinidad and Tobago","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trinidad_and_Tobago"}],"urls":[{"id":20448751,"url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1748895819858372"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-79094703-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79094691"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/79094691/Development_as_a_Historical_Component_of_International_Crime_Policy_From_Social_Defence_to_the_Millennium_Development_Goals"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Development as a Historical Component of International Crime Policy: From Social Defence to the Millennium Development Goals" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Development as a Historical Component of International Crime Policy: From Social Defence to the Millennium Development Goals</div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://txstate.academia.edu/NathanPino">Nathan Pino</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://monash.academia.edu/TomChodor">Tom Chodor</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Criminology and Criminal Justice</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This article presents a historical analysis of the intellectual and institutional origins of the ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article presents a historical analysis of the intellectual and institutional origins of the international community’s interest in the link between crime and development leading up to the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals in 2000. Drawing on a combination of documentary sources and interviews with long-time international crime policy insiders, it traces this interest back to the United Nations’ social defence agenda which emerged in the aftermath of the Second World War. We situate this agenda in relation to the Western aspiration to advance the Modernization project and reflect on how its shortcomings together with ideological, economic and geopolitical shifts at the international level contributed to the diversification of the United Nations’ crime policy agenda during the 1970s. These conditions collectively influenced the international community’s growing concern with crime as an existential threat to economic development during the 1980s. Our analysis highlights how this framing was reinforced by the rise of transnational organized crime as a threat to global capitalism following the collapse of the Soviet Union. It was against this historical backdrop that the United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention was established to lead the international community’s fight against ‘uncivil society’. We conclude by reflecting on United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention’s tumultuous early years along with the omission of ‘crime’ from the Millennium Development Goals and suggest that these conditions, along with the adoption of the United Nations Conventions Against Transnational Organized Crime and Corruption, set the stage for the organization’s future advocacy for the inclusion of crime in the Sustainable Development Goals.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79094691"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79094691"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094691; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094691]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094691]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094691; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='79094691']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=79094691]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":79094691,"title":"Development as a Historical Component of International Crime Policy: From Social Defence to the Millennium Development Goals","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1177/1748895819877453","abstract":"This article presents a historical analysis of the intellectual and institutional origins of the international community’s interest in the link between crime and development leading up to the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals in 2000. 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It was against this historical backdrop that the United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention was established to lead the international community’s fight against ‘uncivil society’. We conclude by reflecting on United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention’s tumultuous early years along with the omission of ‘crime’ from the Millennium Development Goals and suggest that these conditions, along with the adoption of the United Nations Conventions Against Transnational Organized Crime and Corruption, set the stage for the organization’s future advocacy for the inclusion of crime in the Sustainable Development Goals.\n","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Criminology and Criminal Justice"},"translated_abstract":"This article presents a historical analysis of the intellectual and institutional origins of the international community’s interest in the link between crime and development leading up to the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals in 2000. 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It was against this historical backdrop that the United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention was established to lead the international community’s fight against ‘uncivil society’. We conclude by reflecting on United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention’s tumultuous early years along with the omission of ‘crime’ from the Millennium Development Goals and suggest that these conditions, along with the adoption of the United Nations Conventions Against Transnational Organized Crime and Corruption, set the stage for the organization’s future advocacy for the inclusion of crime in the Sustainable Development Goals.\n","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79094691/Development_as_a_Historical_Component_of_International_Crime_Policy_From_Social_Defence_to_the_Millennium_Development_Goals","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-05-14T09:06:33.551-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6786759,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":38227863,"work_id":79094691,"tagging_user_id":6786759,"tagged_user_id":144503,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"j***n@monash.edu","affiliation":"The Australian National University","display_order":0,"name":"Jarrett Blaustein","title":"Development as a Historical Component of International Crime Policy: From Social Defence to the Millennium Development Goals"},{"id":38227864,"work_id":79094691,"tagging_user_id":6786759,"tagged_user_id":26377802,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"t***r@monash.edu","affiliation":"Monash University","display_order":4194304,"name":"Tom Chodor","title":"Development as a Historical Component of International Crime Policy: From Social Defence to the Millennium Development Goals"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Development_as_a_Historical_Component_of_International_Crime_Policy_From_Social_Defence_to_the_Millennium_Development_Goals","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"This article presents a historical analysis of the intellectual and institutional origins of the international community’s interest in the link between crime and development leading up to the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals in 2000. Drawing on a combination of documentary sources and interviews with long-time international crime policy insiders, it traces this interest back to the United Nations’ social defence agenda which emerged in the aftermath of the Second World War. We situate this agenda in relation to the Western aspiration to advance the Modernization project and reflect on how its shortcomings together with ideological, economic and geopolitical shifts at the international level contributed to the diversification of the United Nations’ crime policy agenda during the 1970s. These conditions collectively influenced the international community’s growing concern with crime as an existential threat to economic development during the 1980s. Our analysis highlights how this framing was reinforced by the rise of transnational organized crime as a threat to global capitalism following the collapse of the Soviet Union. It was against this historical backdrop that the United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention was established to lead the international community’s fight against ‘uncivil society’. We conclude by reflecting on United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention’s tumultuous early years along with the omission of ‘crime’ from the Millennium Development Goals and suggest that these conditions, along with the adoption of the United Nations Conventions Against Transnational Organized Crime and Corruption, set the stage for the organization’s future advocacy for the inclusion of crime in the Sustainable Development Goals.\n","owner":{"id":6786759,"first_name":"Nathan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pino","page_name":"NathanPino","domain_name":"txstate","created_at":"2013-11-12T02:08:48.043-08:00","display_name":"Nathan Pino","url":"https://txstate.academia.edu/NathanPino"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":189,"name":"Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology"},{"id":1958655,"name":"Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development_Goals_SDGs_"}],"urls":[{"id":20448748,"url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1748895819877453"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-79094691-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79094681"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/79094681/Self_Evaluating_Performance_An_Analysis_of_Police_Integrity_Professionalism_and_Service_Provision_from_the_South_Pacific"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Self-Evaluating Performance: An Analysis of Police Integrity, Professionalism and Service Provision from the South Pacific" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Self-Evaluating Performance: An Analysis of Police Integrity, Professionalism and Service Provision from the South Pacific</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Policing and Society</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Studies on policing in the Global South rarely discuss police self-evaluation of performance. Fur...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Studies on policing in the Global South rarely discuss police self-evaluation of performance. Furthermore, internal performance assessments usually reflect the perspectives of senior management with little to no input from frontline officers. This paper seeks to present a more inclusive view of police performance as it presents the findings of a stakeholder perceptions survey commissioned by the Tuvalu Police Service (TPS) to examine police perceptions about their performance as service providers. We examine the survey responses of 100% of TPS officers on active duty (N=84) and 14 in-depth interviews to determine their views on the integrity, professionalism and service provision of TPS members. Findings indicate that police are able to provide useful assessments of the organisation and of their colleagues, but are less valid sources of information about personal performance. These findings are particularly relevant to discussions about improving police service provision in the developing world. The paper makes a contribution to policing scholarship by highlighting the potential of self-evaluation as an impetus for improved policing practices.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79094681"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79094681"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094681; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094681]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094681]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094681; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='79094681']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=79094681]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":79094681,"title":"Self-Evaluating Performance: An Analysis of Police Integrity, Professionalism and Service Provision from the South Pacific","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1080/10439463.2021.1888950","abstract":"Studies on policing in the Global South rarely discuss police self-evaluation of performance. Furthermore, internal performance assessments usually reflect the perspectives of senior management with little to no input from frontline officers. This paper seeks to present a more inclusive view of police performance as it presents the findings of a stakeholder perceptions survey commissioned by the Tuvalu Police Service (TPS) to examine police perceptions about their performance as service providers. We examine the survey responses of 100% of TPS officers on active duty (N=84) and 14 in-depth interviews to determine their views on the integrity, professionalism and service provision of TPS members. Findings indicate that police are able to provide useful assessments of the organisation and of their colleagues, but are less valid sources of information about personal performance. These findings are particularly relevant to discussions about improving police service provision in the developing world. The paper makes a contribution to policing scholarship by highlighting the potential of self-evaluation as an impetus for improved policing practices.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Policing and Society"},"translated_abstract":"Studies on policing in the Global South rarely discuss police self-evaluation of performance. Furthermore, internal performance assessments usually reflect the perspectives of senior management with little to no input from frontline officers. This paper seeks to present a more inclusive view of police performance as it presents the findings of a stakeholder perceptions survey commissioned by the Tuvalu Police Service (TPS) to examine police perceptions about their performance as service providers. We examine the survey responses of 100% of TPS officers on active duty (N=84) and 14 in-depth interviews to determine their views on the integrity, professionalism and service provision of TPS members. Findings indicate that police are able to provide useful assessments of the organisation and of their colleagues, but are less valid sources of information about personal performance. These findings are particularly relevant to discussions about improving police service provision in the developing world. The paper makes a contribution to policing scholarship by highlighting the potential of self-evaluation as an impetus for improved policing practices.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79094681/Self_Evaluating_Performance_An_Analysis_of_Police_Integrity_Professionalism_and_Service_Provision_from_the_South_Pacific","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-05-14T09:02:36.576-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6786759,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":38227841,"work_id":79094681,"tagging_user_id":6786759,"tagged_user_id":300450194,"co_author_invite_id":7556201,"email":"d***n@qut.edu.au","display_order":0,"name":"Danielle Watson","title":"Self-Evaluating Performance: An Analysis of Police Integrity, Professionalism and Service Provision from the South Pacific"},{"id":38227842,"work_id":79094681,"tagging_user_id":6786759,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":6064294,"email":"s***n@usp.ac.fj","display_order":4194304,"name":"Sara Amin","title":"Self-Evaluating Performance: An Analysis of Police Integrity, Professionalism and Service Provision from the South Pacific"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Self_Evaluating_Performance_An_Analysis_of_Police_Integrity_Professionalism_and_Service_Provision_from_the_South_Pacific","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Studies on policing in the Global South rarely discuss police self-evaluation of performance. Furthermore, internal performance assessments usually reflect the perspectives of senior management with little to no input from frontline officers. This paper seeks to present a more inclusive view of police performance as it presents the findings of a stakeholder perceptions survey commissioned by the Tuvalu Police Service (TPS) to examine police perceptions about their performance as service providers. We examine the survey responses of 100% of TPS officers on active duty (N=84) and 14 in-depth interviews to determine their views on the integrity, professionalism and service provision of TPS members. Findings indicate that police are able to provide useful assessments of the organisation and of their colleagues, but are less valid sources of information about personal performance. These findings are particularly relevant to discussions about improving police service provision in the developing world. The paper makes a contribution to policing scholarship by highlighting the potential of self-evaluation as an impetus for improved policing practices.","owner":{"id":6786759,"first_name":"Nathan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pino","page_name":"NathanPino","domain_name":"txstate","created_at":"2013-11-12T02:08:48.043-08:00","display_name":"Nathan Pino","url":"https://txstate.academia.edu/NathanPino"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":54342,"name":"Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing"},{"id":108169,"name":"Police studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_studies"},{"id":191006,"name":"South Pacific","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Pacific"},{"id":346144,"name":"Tuvalu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuvalu"}],"urls":[{"id":20448746,"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10439463.2021.1888950?journalCode=gpas20"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-79094681-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79094668"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/79094668/Non_Medical_Prescription_Drug_Use_Among_Latino_College_Students_A_Test_of_Strain_Social_Learning_and_Acculturation_Theories"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Non-Medical Prescription Drug Use Among Latino College Students: A Test of Strain, Social Learning, and Acculturation Theories" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Non-Medical Prescription Drug Use Among Latino College Students: A Test of Strain, Social Learning, and Acculturation Theories</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Latinos and Education</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study tests theories of social learning and strain to explain non-medical prescription drug ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study tests theories of social learning and strain to explain non-medical prescription drug use (NMPDU) among Latino college students at a Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI). Logistic regression analyses indicate social learning and negative stressors help explain such usage, while refined models suggest that Latinos use of NMPD is primarily intended to improve academic performance. The study raises important questions about the unique challenges facing Latino college students and the role NMPDU may play in HSIs.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79094668"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79094668"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094668; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094668]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094668]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094668; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='79094668']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=79094668]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":79094668,"title":"Non-Medical Prescription Drug Use Among Latino College Students: A Test of Strain, Social Learning, and Acculturation Theories","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1080/15348431.2019.1639508","abstract":"This study tests theories of social learning and strain to explain non-medical prescription drug use (NMPDU) among Latino college students at a Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI). 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To highlight the relevance of temporal lags for this scholarship, we specifically look at the longitudinal relationship between demographic and economic change and two different environmental outcomes: land development and carbon emissions. For land development, we run longitudinal spatial regression models to assess whether increasing the lag time changes the slope estimates for in-migration and out-migration at the county level across the contiguous United States (n = 3,026). For carbon emissions, we use cross-national data in Prais–Winsten models to assess changes in the lagged estimates for GDP, urbanization, and age structure (n = 146). Results from these analyses indicate that the slope estimates continue to be statistically significant, but the magnitudes of these coefficients change with increased lag time. We propose that scholars use a more systematic approach when assessing the temporal duration of socio-ecological change.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79094659"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79094659"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094659; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094659]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094659]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094659; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='79094659']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=79094659]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":79094659,"title":"The Lagged Environmental Consequences of Demographic and Economic Change: An Exploratory Study","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1111/soin.12458","abstract":"Quantitative sociologists conducting environmental research often use temporally lagged variables to estimate the social drivers of ecological change. 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For carbon emissions, we use cross-national data in Prais–Winsten models to assess changes in the lagged estimates for GDP, urbanization, and age structure (n = 146). Results from these analyses indicate that the slope estimates continue to be statistically significant, but the magnitudes of these coefficients change with increased lag time. We propose that scholars use a more systematic approach when assessing the temporal duration of socio-ecological change.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79094659/The_Lagged_Environmental_Consequences_of_Demographic_and_Economic_Change_An_Exploratory_Study","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-05-14T08:54:14.009-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6786759,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"The_Lagged_Environmental_Consequences_of_Demographic_and_Economic_Change_An_Exploratory_Study","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Quantitative sociologists conducting environmental research often use temporally lagged variables to estimate the social drivers of ecological change. 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Quali...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study examined duty-related stress among police officers in Trinidad and Tobago (T&T). Qualitative interview data collected from 12 male senior police officers were analyzed for themes regarding experiences with stres- sors and emotional and behavioral reactions to stress. The officers indicated that obstacles to effective policing – the power and resources of offenders, officers’ lack of resources and support, and the threat of corruption – are major sources of stress. Also, cynicism and pessimism about achieving crime control and justice, aggressive policing, and avoidance of some duties were revealed as emotional and behavioral reactions to stress. These results imply that T&T officers do not believe they are adequately resourced to address public and personal safety needs. This study contributes to Southern criminological dialogue about policing stress by emphasizing the experiences of officers in a post-colonial developing country.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79094650"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79094650"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094650; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094650]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094650]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094650; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='79094650']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=79094650]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":79094650,"title":"Policing in Trinidad and Tobago: Officers’ Experiences with Stress","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1080/03623319.2020.1744952","abstract":"This study examined duty-related stress among police officers in Trinidad and Tobago (T\u0026T). 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This study contributes to Southern criminological dialogue about policing stress by emphasizing the experiences of officers in a post-colonial developing country.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79094650/Policing_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago_Officers_Experiences_with_Stress","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-05-14T08:50:39.313-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6786759,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":38227814,"work_id":79094650,"tagging_user_id":6786759,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":7556200,"email":"j***8@pnw.edu","display_order":0,"name":"Lee Michael Johnson","title":"Policing in Trinidad and Tobago: Officers’ Experiences with Stress"},{"id":38227815,"work_id":79094650,"tagging_user_id":6786759,"tagged_user_id":300450194,"co_author_invite_id":7556201,"email":"d***n@qut.edu.au","display_order":4194304,"name":"Danielle Watson","title":"Policing in Trinidad and Tobago: Officers’ Experiences with Stress"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Policing_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago_Officers_Experiences_with_Stress","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"This study examined duty-related stress among police officers in Trinidad and Tobago (T\u0026T). Qualitative interview data collected from 12 male senior police officers were analyzed for themes regarding experiences with stres- sors and emotional and behavioral reactions to stress. The officers indicated that obstacles to effective policing – the power and resources of offenders, officers’ lack of resources and support, and the threat of corruption – are major sources of stress. Also, cynicism and pessimism about achieving crime control and justice, aggressive policing, and avoidance of some duties were revealed as emotional and behavioral reactions to stress. These results imply that T\u0026T officers do not believe they are adequately resourced to address public and personal safety needs. This study contributes to Southern criminological dialogue about policing stress by emphasizing the experiences of officers in a post-colonial developing country.","owner":{"id":6786759,"first_name":"Nathan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pino","page_name":"NathanPino","domain_name":"txstate","created_at":"2013-11-12T02:08:48.043-08:00","display_name":"Nathan Pino","url":"https://txstate.academia.edu/NathanPino"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":54342,"name":"Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing"},{"id":137967,"name":"Trinidad and Tobago","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trinidad_and_Tobago"}],"urls":[{"id":20448741,"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03623319.2020.1744952"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-79094650-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="78867364"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/78867364/The_persistent_countervailing_consequences_of_urbanization_A_longitudinal_study_of_homicide_rates"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The persistent countervailing consequences of urbanization: A longitudinal study of homicide rates" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">The persistent countervailing consequences of urbanization: A longitudinal study of homicide rates</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>European Journal of Criminology</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Quantitative criminologists often use temporally lagged variables to estimate the structural forc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Quantitative criminologists often use temporally lagged variables to estimate the structural forces contributing to variation in crime rates. We elucidate the relevance of temporal lags for cross-national research by looking specifically at the lagged longitudinal relationship between urbanization and homicide rates. Using cross-national time-series data for (n = 83) nations, we run a series of 10 separate panel models, in which we incrementally increase the time lag between the dependent variable homicide rate and two independent measures of urbanization, controlling for changes in GDP and age-structure as well as fixed effects for time and unit. Results from these panel models confirm that the two measures of urbanization are oppositely associated with homicide rates. Moreover, while the magnitudes of the associations for both predictors decline as lag time increases, they continue to be statistically significant. These results provide evidence that urbanization has countervailing and persistent consequences for homicide rates that ripple through time. These results also lead us to conclude that a more systematic approach to lag time in longitudinal research is needed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="78867364"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78867364"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78867364; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78867364]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78867364]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78867364; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='78867364']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=78867364]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":78867364,"title":"The persistent countervailing consequences of urbanization: A longitudinal study of homicide rates","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1177/14773708221098990","abstract":"Quantitative criminologists often use temporally lagged variables to estimate the structural forces contributing to variation in crime rates. We elucidate the relevance of temporal lags for cross-national research by looking specifically at the lagged longitudinal relationship between urbanization and homicide rates. Using cross-national time-series data for (n = 83) nations, we run a series of 10 separate panel models, in which we incrementally increase the time lag between the dependent variable homicide rate and two independent measures of urbanization, controlling for changes in GDP and age-structure as well as fixed effects for time and unit. Results from these panel models confirm that the two measures of urbanization are oppositely associated with homicide rates. Moreover, while the magnitudes of the associations for both predictors decline as lag time increases, they continue to be statistically significant. These results provide evidence that urbanization has countervailing and persistent consequences for homicide rates that ripple through time. These results also lead us to conclude that a more systematic approach to lag time in longitudinal research is needed.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"European Journal of Criminology"},"translated_abstract":"Quantitative criminologists often use temporally lagged variables to estimate the structural forces contributing to variation in crime rates. We elucidate the relevance of temporal lags for cross-national research by looking specifically at the lagged longitudinal relationship between urbanization and homicide rates. Using cross-national time-series data for (n = 83) nations, we run a series of 10 separate panel models, in which we incrementally increase the time lag between the dependent variable homicide rate and two independent measures of urbanization, controlling for changes in GDP and age-structure as well as fixed effects for time and unit. Results from these panel models confirm that the two measures of urbanization are oppositely associated with homicide rates. Moreover, while the magnitudes of the associations for both predictors decline as lag time increases, they continue to be statistically significant. These results provide evidence that urbanization has countervailing and persistent consequences for homicide rates that ripple through time. These results also lead us to conclude that a more systematic approach to lag time in longitudinal research is needed.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/78867364/The_persistent_countervailing_consequences_of_urbanization_A_longitudinal_study_of_homicide_rates","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-05-09T08:39:00.975-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6786759,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":38197441,"work_id":78867364,"tagging_user_id":6786759,"tagged_user_id":113645933,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"m***3@txstate.edu","display_order":0,"name":"Matthew Thomas Clement","title":"The persistent countervailing consequences of urbanization: A longitudinal study of homicide rates"},{"id":38197442,"work_id":78867364,"tagging_user_id":6786759,"tagged_user_id":144503,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"j***n@monash.edu","affiliation":"The Australian National University","display_order":4194304,"name":"Jarrett Blaustein","title":"The persistent countervailing consequences of urbanization: A longitudinal study of homicide rates"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"The_persistent_countervailing_consequences_of_urbanization_A_longitudinal_study_of_homicide_rates","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Quantitative criminologists often use temporally lagged variables to estimate the structural forces contributing to variation in crime rates. We elucidate the relevance of temporal lags for cross-national research by looking specifically at the lagged longitudinal relationship between urbanization and homicide rates. Using cross-national time-series data for (n = 83) nations, we run a series of 10 separate panel models, in which we incrementally increase the time lag between the dependent variable homicide rate and two independent measures of urbanization, controlling for changes in GDP and age-structure as well as fixed effects for time and unit. Results from these panel models confirm that the two measures of urbanization are oppositely associated with homicide rates. Moreover, while the magnitudes of the associations for both predictors decline as lag time increases, they continue to be statistically significant. These results provide evidence that urbanization has countervailing and persistent consequences for homicide rates that ripple through time. These results also lead us to conclude that a more systematic approach to lag time in longitudinal research is needed.","owner":{"id":6786759,"first_name":"Nathan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pino","page_name":"NathanPino","domain_name":"txstate","created_at":"2013-11-12T02:08:48.043-08:00","display_name":"Nathan Pino","url":"https://txstate.academia.edu/NathanPino"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":2290,"name":"Urbanization in Developing Areas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urbanization_in_Developing_Areas"},{"id":3208,"name":"Homicide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homicide"},{"id":21310,"name":"Urbanization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urbanization"},{"id":572622,"name":"Comparative Cross-National Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Cross-National_Research"}],"urls":[{"id":20365117,"url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/14773708221098990"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-78867364-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="42940163"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/42940163/Transformative_Police_Reform_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago_Prospects_and_Challenges"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Transformative Police Reform in Trinidad and Tobago: Prospects and Challenges" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63232333/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/42940163/Transformative_Police_Reform_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago_Prospects_and_Challenges">Transformative Police Reform in Trinidad and Tobago: Prospects and Challenges</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Policing</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The country of Trinidad and Tobago presents an interesting case for analysing policing and police...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The country of Trinidad and Tobago presents an interesting case for analysing policing and police reform through the lens of transformative justice. Informed by a review of the relevant literature, including the author’s independent research, this article details how the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service faces numerous challenges even after multiple evaluations and efforts at reform. Local civil society groups have been largely left out of police reform processes in spite of their local knowledge and social capital. Police reforms rooted in transformative justice will be difficult to achieve and sustain given current conditions in the country, but it is possible if there is a long-term and serious commitment to reform, led by local actors that initiate local solutions democratically while ensuring the genuine involvement of civil society groups, women, and other traditionally marginalized groups.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0bc0f6b2d0864fd571445ea18957f957" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63232333,"asset_id":42940163,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63232333/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42940163"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42940163"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42940163; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42940163]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42940163]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42940163; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='42940163']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0bc0f6b2d0864fd571445ea18957f957" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=42940163]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":42940163,"title":"Transformative Police Reform in Trinidad and Tobago: Prospects and Challenges","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1093/police/paaa018","abstract":"The country of Trinidad and Tobago presents an interesting case for analysing policing and police reform through the lens of transformative justice. Informed by a review of the relevant literature, including the author’s independent research, this article details how the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service faces numerous challenges even after multiple evaluations and efforts at reform. Local civil society groups have been largely left out of police reform processes in spite of their local knowledge and social capital. Police reforms rooted in transformative justice will be difficult to achieve and sustain given current conditions in the country, but it is possible if there is a long-term and serious commitment to reform, led by local actors that initiate local solutions democratically while ensuring the genuine involvement of civil society groups, women, and other traditionally marginalized groups.","ai_title_tag":"Prospects and Challenges of Police Reform in Trinidad and Tobago","publication_name":"Policing"},"translated_abstract":"The country of Trinidad and Tobago presents an interesting case for analysing policing and police reform through the lens of transformative justice. Informed by a review of the relevant literature, including the author’s independent research, this article details how the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service faces numerous challenges even after multiple evaluations and efforts at reform. Local civil society groups have been largely left out of police reform processes in spite of their local knowledge and social capital. Police reforms rooted in transformative justice will be difficult to achieve and sustain given current conditions in the country, but it is possible if there is a long-term and serious commitment to reform, led by local actors that initiate local solutions democratically while ensuring the genuine involvement of civil society groups, women, and other traditionally marginalized groups.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/42940163/Transformative_Police_Reform_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago_Prospects_and_Challenges","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-05-04T09:04:44.916-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6786759,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63232333,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63232333/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Pino_2021.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63232333/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Transformative_Police_Reform_in_Trinidad.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63232333/Pino_2021-libre.pdf?1588885684=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTransformative_Police_Reform_in_Trinidad.pdf\u0026Expires=1743662380\u0026Signature=BRmlV5CXebe6OD~2R0QHDMuE~w0KX4ebzH0pJNqdufEmrahXeprEBhX~pRZyS4kFYV92sBBlfjs2ymp3nB7DM4rC5h2un--ayiQR6LVaeP49RZq5~e1ysEC7bWgm2kd37gh5nurnoAe4WI~rejsf427iWVxiAau6XC6VwqDMA70DZpIH1WTubrDU0ZRzK5863k5OubQEidd8lmPmoDYzlfgP6j7~wf4fAk8MWs3GZg2isxzaENPIp5aqKdqYTmtOsYIk8P1O44CBxtFFUYBj-qE4evXIdABAkYjo0FmwC9rlpZpTZXmnpiMHKK3WJKiiUdDVCAOZjvd7NwQeTYHw3A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Transformative_Police_Reform_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago_Prospects_and_Challenges","translated_slug":"","page_count":14,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The country of Trinidad and Tobago presents an interesting case for analysing policing and police reform through the lens of transformative justice. Informed by a review of the relevant literature, including the author’s independent research, this article details how the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service faces numerous challenges even after multiple evaluations and efforts at reform. Local civil society groups have been largely left out of police reform processes in spite of their local knowledge and social capital. Police reforms rooted in transformative justice will be difficult to achieve and sustain given current conditions in the country, but it is possible if there is a long-term and serious commitment to reform, led by local actors that initiate local solutions democratically while ensuring the genuine involvement of civil society groups, women, and other traditionally marginalized groups.","owner":{"id":6786759,"first_name":"Nathan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pino","page_name":"NathanPino","domain_name":"txstate","created_at":"2013-11-12T02:08:48.043-08:00","display_name":"Nathan Pino","url":"https://txstate.academia.edu/NathanPino"},"attachments":[{"id":63232333,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63232333/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Pino_2021.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63232333/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Transformative_Police_Reform_in_Trinidad.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63232333/Pino_2021-libre.pdf?1588885684=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTransformative_Police_Reform_in_Trinidad.pdf\u0026Expires=1743662380\u0026Signature=BRmlV5CXebe6OD~2R0QHDMuE~w0KX4ebzH0pJNqdufEmrahXeprEBhX~pRZyS4kFYV92sBBlfjs2ymp3nB7DM4rC5h2un--ayiQR6LVaeP49RZq5~e1ysEC7bWgm2kd37gh5nurnoAe4WI~rejsf427iWVxiAau6XC6VwqDMA70DZpIH1WTubrDU0ZRzK5863k5OubQEidd8lmPmoDYzlfgP6j7~wf4fAk8MWs3GZg2isxzaENPIp5aqKdqYTmtOsYIk8P1O44CBxtFFUYBj-qE4evXIdABAkYjo0FmwC9rlpZpTZXmnpiMHKK3WJKiiUdDVCAOZjvd7NwQeTYHw3A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11294,"name":"Policing Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing_Studies"},{"id":16686,"name":"Transformative Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transformative_Justice"},{"id":36982,"name":"Police Reform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Reform"},{"id":51326,"name":"Police Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Training"},{"id":80016,"name":"Police and Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_and_Policing"},{"id":137967,"name":"Trinidad and Tobago","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trinidad_and_Tobago"}],"urls":[{"id":9007992,"url":"https://academic.oup.com/policing/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/police/paaa018/5827732?redirectedFrom=fulltext"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-42940163-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="41817949"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/41817949/Are_the_Goals_of_Sustainability_Interconnected_A_Sociological_Analysis_of_the_Three_Es_of_Sustainable_Development_Using_Cross_Lagged_Models_with_Reciprocal_Effects"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Are the Goals of Sustainability Interconnected? A Sociological Analysis of the Three E's of Sustainable Development Using Cross-Lagged Models with Reciprocal Effects" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61960173/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/41817949/Are_the_Goals_of_Sustainability_Interconnected_A_Sociological_Analysis_of_the_Three_Es_of_Sustainable_Development_Using_Cross_Lagged_Models_with_Reciprocal_Effects">Are the Goals of Sustainability Interconnected? A Sociological Analysis of the Three E's of Sustainable Development Using Cross-Lagged Models with Reciprocal Effects</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://txstate.academia.edu/NathanPino">Nathan Pino</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://vanderbilt.academia.edu/PatrickGreiner">Patrick T Greiner</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Sociology of Development </span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Conceptual discussions of sustainability emphasize the interdependent relationship between releva...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Conceptual discussions of sustainability emphasize the interdependent relationship between relevant social and environmental factors. Yet, traditional quantitative analyses of the topic have tended to estimate the exogenous or direct/indirect effects a predictor variable has on a particular measure of sustainability. We examine the endogenous, interdependent relationship between the three E's of sustainability (economy, equity, and ecology), incorporating country-level data for 1990 through 2015 into cross-lagged structural equation models with reciprocal and fixed effects. Results from these longitudinal models suggest that over time, at the country level, increasing economic inequality reduces renewable energy consumption, with no evidence of reciprocal feedback. Keeping in mind the limitations of the analysis, we tentatively argue that the modern form of development has constrained the potential for the sustainability goals to feed back into each other. KEYWORDS sustainability, modernization, inequality, structural equation modeling, reciprocal effects.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f12ebc905d0caf1f758a4f0de8268570" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":61960173,"asset_id":41817949,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61960173/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="41817949"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41817949"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41817949; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41817949]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41817949]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41817949; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='41817949']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f12ebc905d0caf1f758a4f0de8268570" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=41817949]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":41817949,"title":"Are the Goals of Sustainability Interconnected? 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","owner":{"id":6786759,"first_name":"Nathan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pino","page_name":"NathanPino","domain_name":"txstate","created_at":"2013-11-12T02:08:48.043-08:00","display_name":"Nathan Pino","url":"https://txstate.academia.edu/NathanPino","email":"Ty8yOVkyU055L3ZBVmdBU1Q5R0FRcnhkTDFsM0xlUUFJRFNpZ05DdEZscz0tLXNWWnMvQUVvZ2xxMUdjd0RaTUVRVGc9PQ==--4bd78faa3bd27d6661f942d5058a28a3e0655a96"},"attachments":[{"id":61960173,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61960173/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Clement__Pino_Griener__and_McGee_202020200201-110947-xn8l2a.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61960173/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Are_the_Goals_of_Sustainability_Intercon.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/61960173/Clement__Pino_Griener__and_McGee_202020200201-110947-xn8l2a-libre.pdf?1580572494=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAre_the_Goals_of_Sustainability_Intercon.pdf\u0026Expires=1743635053\u0026Signature=Rc0~pEBHDqC58yZy6DUCnqVpl8s~ERb8LiOnA3CdiChmte7lcMNKZmrFIzudGFNnehbRycOCQIIDGhguSp2gswztX41p2YSpi66Tzauno615HAqhPNc9yglgBQlUH4Gz4A9zZMjsoWmXzDNARBxX~Ay2Mlz0b1hMr5vtrWx5ZyYK~UiWAWCMCK6PZ-5uj5B-Y4xCj6moSaZh~GFBAwyUpcThq6BzgQqcTZPz9LM-Ek0Me~sqdDFRcIeWIw8xbY-UX53pHy919C~C3ayAoRgSVCA37M72jVDvZEQbysbjLEZMu0QUf~YnlKDx3mbCZi0Uy2D4iFguJR4nTvCWTbpbgA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology"},{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies"},{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-41817949-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38500270"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38500270/Rationalizing_the_Decision_to_Cheat_An_Empirical_Analysis_to_Determine_Whether_Social_Rational_Orientation_can_Predict_Academic_Dishonesty"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Rationalizing the Decision to Cheat: An Empirical Analysis to Determine Whether Social Rational Orientation can Predict Academic Dishonesty" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58567328/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38500270/Rationalizing_the_Decision_to_Cheat_An_Empirical_Analysis_to_Determine_Whether_Social_Rational_Orientation_can_Predict_Academic_Dishonesty">Rationalizing the Decision to Cheat: An Empirical Analysis to Determine Whether Social Rational Orientation can Predict Academic Dishonesty</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of College and Character</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Academic dishonesty is a wide-spread issue in educational institutions, including higher educatio...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Academic dishonesty is a wide-spread issue in educational institutions, including higher education. This study determined if there was a correlation between social rational action orientations and the likelihood of engaging in academically dishonest acts. The relationship between course value and academic dishonesty was also examined. The researchers obtained data from 357 undergraduate students at a large public university in the Southwest. The instrument included a scale that was created to determine student social rational orientation membership. To measure potential academic dishonesty behaviors, vignettes were created and manipulated to portray either low or high perceived course value. Overall, this study found that social rational orientation and perceived course value predicted the likelihood of engaging in academically dishonest acts. This study uncovered new variables that can be used to predict academic dishonesty by elucidating how students rationalize their decision to cheat.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-38500270-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-38500270-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/11797019/table-1-rationalizing-the-decision-to-cheat-an-empirical"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/58567328/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/11797033/table-2-rationalizing-the-decision-to-cheat-an-empirical"><img alt="Table 2 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/58567328/table_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/11797054/table-3-note-squared-adjusted-squared"><img alt="Note. R squared = 0.081 (Adjusted R squared = 0.076). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/58567328/table_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/11797087/table-4-note-potential-cheating-scores-are-reverse-coded"><img alt="Note. Potential cheating scores are reverse coded, thus a higher score would indicate a lower likelihood t potentially cheat. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/58567328/table_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/11797099/table-5-note-potential-cheating-scores-are-reverse-coded"><img alt="Note. Potential cheating scores are reverse coded, thus a higher score would indicate a lower likelihood to potentially cheat. Potential Cheating Score Means, Standard Deviations, and Standard Errors for Social Rational Orientation-Course Value Pairings " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/58567328/table_005.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-38500270-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c7a0c815475d4809089c06e1d844b5a6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58567328,"asset_id":38500270,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58567328/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38500270"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38500270"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38500270; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38500270]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38500270]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38500270; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38500270']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c7a0c815475d4809089c06e1d844b5a6" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38500270]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38500270,"title":"Rationalizing the Decision to Cheat: An Empirical Analysis to Determine Whether Social Rational Orientation can Predict Academic Dishonesty","translated_title":"","metadata":{"issue":"1","volume":"20","abstract":"Academic dishonesty is a wide-spread issue in educational institutions, including higher education. 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We elucidate the relevance of temporal lags for crossnational research by looking specifically at the lagged longitudinal relationship between urbanization and homicide rates. Using cross-national time-series data for (n = 83) nations, we run a series of 10 separate panel models, in which we incrementally increase the time lag between the dependent variable homicide rate and two independent measures of urbanization, controlling for changes in GDP and age-structure as well as fixed effects for time and unit. Results from these panel models confirm that the two measures of urbanization are oppositely associated with homicide rates. Moreover, while the magnitudes of the associations for both predictors decline as lag time increases, they continue to be statistically significant. These results provide evidence that urbanization has countervailing and persistent consequences for homicide rates that ripple through time. These results also lead us to conclude that a more systematic approach to lag time in longitudinal research is needed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-108186058-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-108186058-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/18250079/table-2-the-lagged-slope-estimates-for-urbanization"><img alt="Figure |. The lagged slope estimates for urbanization variables in homicide rate panel models* *Note: The dots represent the slope estimates from Table 2 for the variables “Urban” and “Large Cities.” The error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. The estimates are interpreted roughly as the proportional change in the dependent variable for every one percent change in the independent variable, all else equal. In the four-year lag model, the z-score for the Large Cities variable is exactly —|.96, and the p-value is exactly p = .05; we report its significance level at p<.1. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106635864/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/18250082/table-1-note-the-statistics-displayed-in-are-based-on"><img alt="*Note: The statistics displayed in Table | are based on contemporaneous values with no lag (i.e. zero-year lag). Values for homicide and GDP have been log-transformed. Table |. Univariate and bivariate statistics (n = 83 nations)* " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106635864/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/18250085/table-2-note-the-estimates-presented-here-are-bivariate"><img alt="*Note: The estimates presented here are bivariate correlations between each independent variable and homicide rate for each temporal lag used in the regression analysis. Values for homicide rate and GDP have been log-transformed. Table 2. Bivariate correlations with homicide rate across different lags (n = 83 nations)* " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106635864/table_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/18250087/table-3-note-tp-two-tailed-hypothesis-test-there-are-nations"><img alt="*Note: tp <.1; *p <.05; **p <.001’; “p =.05’; ‘p<.1 (two-tailed hypothesis test). There are 83 nations (for list of nations, see Appendix A), and the panels are unbalanced the minimum, average, and maximum number of time periods (i.e. years) are, respectively: |, 13.20, and 19. The product of cases and time periods yields a total number o observations equal to 13.20 x 83 = 1096 nation-years. Values for homicide and GDP have been log-transformed. Slopes are elasticities, interpreted roughly as the percen change in the dependent variable for every one percent change in the predictor variable, all else equal. In the four-year lag model, the z-score for the large cities variable i exactly — 1.96, and the p-value is exactly p = 0.05; we report its significance level at p<0.1. Table 3. Results from the regression of homicide rate with different temporal lags (n = 83 nations)* " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106635864/table_003.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-108186058-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="31d8e72c4c36ef2c907cd1642efc5df5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106635864,"asset_id":108186058,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106635864/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="108186058"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="108186058"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108186058; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108186058]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108186058]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108186058; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='108186058']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "31d8e72c4c36ef2c907cd1642efc5df5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=108186058]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":108186058,"title":"The persistent countervailing consequences of urbanization: A longitudinal study of homicide rates","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1177/14773708221098990","abstract":"Quantitative criminologists often use temporally lagged variables to estimate the structural forces contributing to variation in crime rates. We elucidate the relevance of temporal lags for crossnational research by looking specifically at the lagged longitudinal relationship between urbanization and homicide rates. Using cross-national time-series data for (n = 83) nations, we run a series of 10 separate panel models, in which we incrementally increase the time lag between the dependent variable homicide rate and two independent measures of urbanization, controlling for changes in GDP and age-structure as well as fixed effects for time and unit. Results from these panel models confirm that the two measures of urbanization are oppositely associated with homicide rates. Moreover, while the magnitudes of the associations for both predictors decline as lag time increases, they continue to be statistically significant. These results provide evidence that urbanization has countervailing and persistent consequences for homicide rates that ripple through time. These results also lead us to conclude that a more systematic approach to lag time in longitudinal research is needed.","ai_title_tag":"Urbanization's Lasting Effects on Homicide Rates: A Longitudinal Analysis","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2023,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"European Journal of Criminology"},"translated_abstract":"Quantitative criminologists often use temporally lagged variables to estimate the structural forces contributing to variation in crime rates. We elucidate the relevance of temporal lags for crossnational research by looking specifically at the lagged longitudinal relationship between urbanization and homicide rates. Using cross-national time-series data for (n = 83) nations, we run a series of 10 separate panel models, in which we incrementally increase the time lag between the dependent variable homicide rate and two independent measures of urbanization, controlling for changes in GDP and age-structure as well as fixed effects for time and unit. Results from these panel models confirm that the two measures of urbanization are oppositely associated with homicide rates. Moreover, while the magnitudes of the associations for both predictors decline as lag time increases, they continue to be statistically significant. These results provide evidence that urbanization has countervailing and persistent consequences for homicide rates that ripple through time. These results also lead us to conclude that a more systematic approach to lag time in longitudinal research is needed.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108186058/The_persistent_countervailing_consequences_of_urbanization_A_longitudinal_study_of_homicide_rates","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-10-15T19:13:53.157-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6786759,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":40440563,"work_id":108186058,"tagging_user_id":6786759,"tagged_user_id":144503,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"j***n@monash.edu","affiliation":"The Australian National University","display_order":1,"name":"Jarrett Blaustein","title":"The persistent countervailing consequences of urbanization: A longitudinal study of homicide rates"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":106635864,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106635864/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Clement_Pino_and_Blaustein_2023.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106635864/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_persistent_countervailing_consequenc.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106635864/Clement_Pino_and_Blaustein_2023-libre.pdf?1697426224=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_persistent_countervailing_consequenc.pdf\u0026Expires=1743662380\u0026Signature=NWMlww-V0HgELhGAqEqzHn5zOqBTI264TOMPaMM7YnYi1S6-lHe08UtRLFEJhi6HJmuY0BeyrBTQl2gWRymdIDzwaeUVWGk~lEU2BDl2lhgWBAjW3xvFdR-E2ZN-7nULBLhlZnc4qpflf0HFx2MG~S1IQ2KeMVSFdNUIq0b3~nhtsso5WILmBtQHyP47cB-HAJutnK~ml9lC1xkHfNDekg6ya2YJwjxRBbAEHl4i9POMt5EUJTKXLrzFtroe-rFQ~RA~4jOeP1SldpW0PXjE5WtqSfoJKoB~vacTtN5G6cwSV8~kbSZ201rWVGhwbosD7OM0-n1LjJ4qxqNQp1nS6Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_persistent_countervailing_consequences_of_urbanization_A_longitudinal_study_of_homicide_rates","translated_slug":"","page_count":23,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Quantitative criminologists often use temporally lagged variables to estimate the structural forces contributing to variation in crime rates. 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Little has been said about p...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Research on fear of crime usually examines perceptions of civilians. Little has been said about police officers' fear of crime, particularly in developing countries of the Global South, despite their occupational high risk of victimisation. The current study is an analysis of qualitative interview data collected from 12 male senior police officers in Trinidad and Tobago, with a focus on how they are affected by crime and navigate their roles as officers. The goal here is to contribute to Southern criminological dialogue about subjective appraisals of, and reactions to, crime by emphasising the experiences of civil servants mandated to address crime in the context of a postcolonial developing country. Analyses found that officers perceived that they and their family members were at high risk of criminal victimisation, were significantly worried or fearful about themselves or family members becoming victimised and often engaged in avoidance behavioural strategies to reduce risk of victimisation.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="56eab2620b7e8f0ec7b8ef891587540d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":85932257,"asset_id":79094743,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85932257/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79094743"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79094743"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094743; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094743]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094743]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094743; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='79094743']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "56eab2620b7e8f0ec7b8ef891587540d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=79094743]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":79094743,"title":"Police Officers' Fear of Crime: An Analysis of Interviews with Officers in Trinidad and Tobago","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.5204/ijcjsd.v8i4.1204","abstract":"Research on fear of crime usually examines perceptions of civilians. 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The goal here is to contribute to Southern criminological dialogue about subjective appraisals of, and reactions to, crime by emphasising the experiences of civil servants mandated to address crime in the context of a postcolonial developing country. 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Adopting a sociological institutionalist perspective, this article sets out to account for how this recognition was achieved. We draw on interviews with senior UN crime policy insiders and documentary sources to analyse the efforts of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) to amplify awareness of the crime-development link following the omission of this issue from the Millenium Development Goals and amidst significant institutional and material pressures to strengthen its ties to the wider UN system. The article accounts for the political construction of the crime-development nexus and the important role that UNODC has historically played in facilitating global governance in this emergent and increasingly expansive sphere of policy and practice.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79094713"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79094713"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094713; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094713]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094713]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094713; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='79094713']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=79094713]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":79094713,"title":"UNODC and the Crime Development Nexus: From ‘Drugs and Thugs’ to ‘Peaceful and Inclusive Societies","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1093/bjc/azz050","abstract":"Development has long featured on the United Nations (UN) crime policy agenda; however, crime was only officially recognized by the international community as a global development priority following the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals in 2015. 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The article accounts for the political construction of the crime-development nexus and the important role that UNODC has historically played in facilitating global governance in this emergent and increasingly expansive sphere of policy and practice.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"British Journal of Criminology"},"translated_abstract":"Development has long featured on the United Nations (UN) crime policy agenda; however, crime was only officially recognized by the international community as a global development priority following the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals in 2015. Adopting a sociological institutionalist perspective, this article sets out to account for how this recognition was achieved. We draw on interviews with senior UN crime policy insiders and documentary sources to analyse the efforts of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) to amplify awareness of the crime-development link following the omission of this issue from the Millenium Development Goals and amidst significant institutional and material pressures to strengthen its ties to the wider UN system. The article accounts for the political construction of the crime-development nexus and the important role that UNODC has historically played in facilitating global governance in this emergent and increasingly expansive sphere of policy and practice.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79094713/UNODC_and_the_Crime_Development_Nexus_From_Drugs_and_Thugs_to_Peaceful_and_Inclusive_Societies","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-05-14T09:13:41.615-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6786759,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":38227888,"work_id":79094713,"tagging_user_id":6786759,"tagged_user_id":26377802,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"t***r@monash.edu","affiliation":"Monash University","display_order":0,"name":"Tom Chodor","title":"UNODC and the Crime Development Nexus: From ‘Drugs and Thugs’ to ‘Peaceful and Inclusive Societies"},{"id":38227889,"work_id":79094713,"tagging_user_id":6786759,"tagged_user_id":144503,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"j***n@monash.edu","affiliation":"The Australian National University","display_order":4194304,"name":"Jarrett Blaustein","title":"UNODC and the Crime Development Nexus: From ‘Drugs and Thugs’ to ‘Peaceful and Inclusive Societies"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"UNODC_and_the_Crime_Development_Nexus_From_Drugs_and_Thugs_to_Peaceful_and_Inclusive_Societies","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Development has long featured on the United Nations (UN) crime policy agenda; however, crime was only officially recognized by the international community as a global development priority following the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals in 2015. Adopting a sociological institutionalist perspective, this article sets out to account for how this recognition was achieved. We draw on interviews with senior UN crime policy insiders and documentary sources to analyse the efforts of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) to amplify awareness of the crime-development link following the omission of this issue from the Millenium Development Goals and amidst significant institutional and material pressures to strengthen its ties to the wider UN system. The article accounts for the political construction of the crime-development nexus and the important role that UNODC has historically played in facilitating global governance in this emergent and increasingly expansive sphere of policy and practice.","owner":{"id":6786759,"first_name":"Nathan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pino","page_name":"NathanPino","domain_name":"txstate","created_at":"2013-11-12T02:08:48.043-08:00","display_name":"Nathan Pino","url":"https://txstate.academia.edu/NathanPino"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":189,"name":"Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology"},{"id":1958655,"name":"Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development_Goals_SDGs_"}],"urls":[{"id":20448752,"url":"https://academic.oup.com/bjc/article-abstract/60/1/50/5574409"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-79094713-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79094703"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/79094703/Police_Perceptions_of_Residents_in_a_High_Crime_Community_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago_Community_Framing_and_Crime_Wars"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Police Perceptions of Residents in a High Crime Community in Trinidad & Tobago: Community Framing and Crime Wars." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Police Perceptions of Residents in a High Crime Community in Trinidad & Tobago: Community Framing and Crime Wars.</div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://txstate.academia.edu/NathanPino">Nathan Pino</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://sta-uwi.academia.edu/paulamorgan">paula morgan</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Criminology and Criminal Justice</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This article examines police perceptions of residents of a marginalized community in Trinidad and...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article examines police perceptions of residents of a marginalized community in Trinidad and Tobago. The discourses of 40 members of the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service are examined to determine how they define residents of the community and situate them within specific interactive contexts. Results show that the officers typically have extremely negative views of the community and its residents, which amplify their perceptions of policing as difficult and dangerous. The potential impact of these perceptions upon police practices, officer well-being and police–community relations are discussed. The study contributes to the emerging scholarly dialogue on policing in the global South and highlights the benefits of discourse analysis within country case studies to elucidate country-specific nuances in police–community relations.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79094703"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79094703"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094703; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094703]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094703]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094703; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='79094703']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=79094703]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":79094703,"title":"Police Perceptions of Residents in a High Crime Community in Trinidad \u0026 Tobago: Community Framing and Crime Wars.","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1177/1748895819858372","abstract":"This article examines police perceptions of residents of a marginalized community in Trinidad and Tobago. The discourses of 40 members of the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service are examined to determine how they define residents of the community and situate them within specific interactive contexts. Results show that the officers typically have extremely negative views of the community and its residents, which amplify their perceptions of policing as difficult and dangerous. The potential impact of these perceptions upon police practices, officer well-being and police–community relations are discussed. The study contributes to the emerging scholarly dialogue on policing in the global South and highlights the benefits of discourse analysis within country case studies to elucidate country-specific nuances in police–community relations.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Criminology and Criminal Justice"},"translated_abstract":"This article examines police perceptions of residents of a marginalized community in Trinidad and Tobago. The discourses of 40 members of the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service are examined to determine how they define residents of the community and situate them within specific interactive contexts. Results show that the officers typically have extremely negative views of the community and its residents, which amplify their perceptions of policing as difficult and dangerous. The potential impact of these perceptions upon police practices, officer well-being and police–community relations are discussed. The study contributes to the emerging scholarly dialogue on policing in the global South and highlights the benefits of discourse analysis within country case studies to elucidate country-specific nuances in police–community relations.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79094703/Police_Perceptions_of_Residents_in_a_High_Crime_Community_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago_Community_Framing_and_Crime_Wars","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-05-14T09:10:36.048-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6786759,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":38227878,"work_id":79094703,"tagging_user_id":6786759,"tagged_user_id":102251583,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"p***n@sta.uwi.edu","affiliation":"The University of the West Indies at St. Augustine Trinidad and Tobago","display_order":0,"name":"paula morgan","title":"Police Perceptions of Residents in a High Crime Community in Trinidad \u0026 Tobago: Community Framing and Crime Wars."},{"id":38227879,"work_id":79094703,"tagging_user_id":6786759,"tagged_user_id":300450194,"co_author_invite_id":7556201,"email":"d***n@qut.edu.au","display_order":4194304,"name":"Danielle Watson","title":"Police Perceptions of Residents in a High Crime Community in Trinidad \u0026 Tobago: Community Framing and Crime Wars."},{"id":38227880,"work_id":79094703,"tagging_user_id":6786759,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":7556200,"email":"j***8@pnw.edu","display_order":6291456,"name":"Lee Michael Johnson","title":"Police Perceptions of Residents in a High Crime Community in Trinidad \u0026 Tobago: Community Framing and Crime Wars."}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Police_Perceptions_of_Residents_in_a_High_Crime_Community_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago_Community_Framing_and_Crime_Wars","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"This article examines police perceptions of residents of a marginalized community in Trinidad and Tobago. The discourses of 40 members of the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service are examined to determine how they define residents of the community and situate them within specific interactive contexts. Results show that the officers typically have extremely negative views of the community and its residents, which amplify their perceptions of policing as difficult and dangerous. The potential impact of these perceptions upon police practices, officer well-being and police–community relations are discussed. The study contributes to the emerging scholarly dialogue on policing in the global South and highlights the benefits of discourse analysis within country case studies to elucidate country-specific nuances in police–community relations.","owner":{"id":6786759,"first_name":"Nathan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pino","page_name":"NathanPino","domain_name":"txstate","created_at":"2013-11-12T02:08:48.043-08:00","display_name":"Nathan Pino","url":"https://txstate.academia.edu/NathanPino"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":54342,"name":"Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing"},{"id":137967,"name":"Trinidad and Tobago","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trinidad_and_Tobago"}],"urls":[{"id":20448751,"url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1748895819858372"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-79094703-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79094691"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/79094691/Development_as_a_Historical_Component_of_International_Crime_Policy_From_Social_Defence_to_the_Millennium_Development_Goals"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Development as a Historical Component of International Crime Policy: From Social Defence to the Millennium Development Goals" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Development as a Historical Component of International Crime Policy: From Social Defence to the Millennium Development Goals</div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://txstate.academia.edu/NathanPino">Nathan Pino</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://monash.academia.edu/TomChodor">Tom Chodor</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Criminology and Criminal Justice</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This article presents a historical analysis of the intellectual and institutional origins of the ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article presents a historical analysis of the intellectual and institutional origins of the international community’s interest in the link between crime and development leading up to the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals in 2000. Drawing on a combination of documentary sources and interviews with long-time international crime policy insiders, it traces this interest back to the United Nations’ social defence agenda which emerged in the aftermath of the Second World War. We situate this agenda in relation to the Western aspiration to advance the Modernization project and reflect on how its shortcomings together with ideological, economic and geopolitical shifts at the international level contributed to the diversification of the United Nations’ crime policy agenda during the 1970s. These conditions collectively influenced the international community’s growing concern with crime as an existential threat to economic development during the 1980s. Our analysis highlights how this framing was reinforced by the rise of transnational organized crime as a threat to global capitalism following the collapse of the Soviet Union. It was against this historical backdrop that the United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention was established to lead the international community’s fight against ‘uncivil society’. We conclude by reflecting on United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention’s tumultuous early years along with the omission of ‘crime’ from the Millennium Development Goals and suggest that these conditions, along with the adoption of the United Nations Conventions Against Transnational Organized Crime and Corruption, set the stage for the organization’s future advocacy for the inclusion of crime in the Sustainable Development Goals.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79094691"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79094691"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094691; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094691]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094691]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094691; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='79094691']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=79094691]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":79094691,"title":"Development as a Historical Component of International Crime Policy: From Social Defence to the Millennium Development Goals","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1177/1748895819877453","abstract":"This article presents a historical analysis of the intellectual and institutional origins of the international community’s interest in the link between crime and development leading up to the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals in 2000. Drawing on a combination of documentary sources and interviews with long-time international crime policy insiders, it traces this interest back to the United Nations’ social defence agenda which emerged in the aftermath of the Second World War. We situate this agenda in relation to the Western aspiration to advance the Modernization project and reflect on how its shortcomings together with ideological, economic and geopolitical shifts at the international level contributed to the diversification of the United Nations’ crime policy agenda during the 1970s. These conditions collectively influenced the international community’s growing concern with crime as an existential threat to economic development during the 1980s. Our analysis highlights how this framing was reinforced by the rise of transnational organized crime as a threat to global capitalism following the collapse of the Soviet Union. It was against this historical backdrop that the United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention was established to lead the international community’s fight against ‘uncivil society’. We conclude by reflecting on United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention’s tumultuous early years along with the omission of ‘crime’ from the Millennium Development Goals and suggest that these conditions, along with the adoption of the United Nations Conventions Against Transnational Organized Crime and Corruption, set the stage for the organization’s future advocacy for the inclusion of crime in the Sustainable Development Goals.\n","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Criminology and Criminal Justice"},"translated_abstract":"This article presents a historical analysis of the intellectual and institutional origins of the international community’s interest in the link between crime and development leading up to the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals in 2000. Drawing on a combination of documentary sources and interviews with long-time international crime policy insiders, it traces this interest back to the United Nations’ social defence agenda which emerged in the aftermath of the Second World War. We situate this agenda in relation to the Western aspiration to advance the Modernization project and reflect on how its shortcomings together with ideological, economic and geopolitical shifts at the international level contributed to the diversification of the United Nations’ crime policy agenda during the 1970s. These conditions collectively influenced the international community’s growing concern with crime as an existential threat to economic development during the 1980s. Our analysis highlights how this framing was reinforced by the rise of transnational organized crime as a threat to global capitalism following the collapse of the Soviet Union. It was against this historical backdrop that the United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention was established to lead the international community’s fight against ‘uncivil society’. We conclude by reflecting on United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention’s tumultuous early years along with the omission of ‘crime’ from the Millennium Development Goals and suggest that these conditions, along with the adoption of the United Nations Conventions Against Transnational Organized Crime and Corruption, set the stage for the organization’s future advocacy for the inclusion of crime in the Sustainable Development Goals.\n","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79094691/Development_as_a_Historical_Component_of_International_Crime_Policy_From_Social_Defence_to_the_Millennium_Development_Goals","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-05-14T09:06:33.551-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6786759,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":38227863,"work_id":79094691,"tagging_user_id":6786759,"tagged_user_id":144503,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"j***n@monash.edu","affiliation":"The Australian National University","display_order":0,"name":"Jarrett Blaustein","title":"Development as a Historical Component of International Crime Policy: From Social Defence to the Millennium Development Goals"},{"id":38227864,"work_id":79094691,"tagging_user_id":6786759,"tagged_user_id":26377802,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"t***r@monash.edu","affiliation":"Monash University","display_order":4194304,"name":"Tom Chodor","title":"Development as a Historical Component of International Crime Policy: From Social Defence to the Millennium Development Goals"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Development_as_a_Historical_Component_of_International_Crime_Policy_From_Social_Defence_to_the_Millennium_Development_Goals","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"This article presents a historical analysis of the intellectual and institutional origins of the international community’s interest in the link between crime and development leading up to the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals in 2000. Drawing on a combination of documentary sources and interviews with long-time international crime policy insiders, it traces this interest back to the United Nations’ social defence agenda which emerged in the aftermath of the Second World War. We situate this agenda in relation to the Western aspiration to advance the Modernization project and reflect on how its shortcomings together with ideological, economic and geopolitical shifts at the international level contributed to the diversification of the United Nations’ crime policy agenda during the 1970s. These conditions collectively influenced the international community’s growing concern with crime as an existential threat to economic development during the 1980s. Our analysis highlights how this framing was reinforced by the rise of transnational organized crime as a threat to global capitalism following the collapse of the Soviet Union. It was against this historical backdrop that the United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention was established to lead the international community’s fight against ‘uncivil society’. We conclude by reflecting on United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention’s tumultuous early years along with the omission of ‘crime’ from the Millennium Development Goals and suggest that these conditions, along with the adoption of the United Nations Conventions Against Transnational Organized Crime and Corruption, set the stage for the organization’s future advocacy for the inclusion of crime in the Sustainable Development Goals.\n","owner":{"id":6786759,"first_name":"Nathan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pino","page_name":"NathanPino","domain_name":"txstate","created_at":"2013-11-12T02:08:48.043-08:00","display_name":"Nathan Pino","url":"https://txstate.academia.edu/NathanPino"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":189,"name":"Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology"},{"id":1958655,"name":"Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development_Goals_SDGs_"}],"urls":[{"id":20448748,"url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1748895819877453"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-79094691-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79094681"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/79094681/Self_Evaluating_Performance_An_Analysis_of_Police_Integrity_Professionalism_and_Service_Provision_from_the_South_Pacific"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Self-Evaluating Performance: An Analysis of Police Integrity, Professionalism and Service Provision from the South Pacific" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Self-Evaluating Performance: An Analysis of Police Integrity, Professionalism and Service Provision from the South Pacific</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Policing and Society</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Studies on policing in the Global South rarely discuss police self-evaluation of performance. Fur...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Studies on policing in the Global South rarely discuss police self-evaluation of performance. Furthermore, internal performance assessments usually reflect the perspectives of senior management with little to no input from frontline officers. This paper seeks to present a more inclusive view of police performance as it presents the findings of a stakeholder perceptions survey commissioned by the Tuvalu Police Service (TPS) to examine police perceptions about their performance as service providers. We examine the survey responses of 100% of TPS officers on active duty (N=84) and 14 in-depth interviews to determine their views on the integrity, professionalism and service provision of TPS members. Findings indicate that police are able to provide useful assessments of the organisation and of their colleagues, but are less valid sources of information about personal performance. These findings are particularly relevant to discussions about improving police service provision in the developing world. The paper makes a contribution to policing scholarship by highlighting the potential of self-evaluation as an impetus for improved policing practices.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79094681"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79094681"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094681; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094681]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094681]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094681; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='79094681']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=79094681]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":79094681,"title":"Self-Evaluating Performance: An Analysis of Police Integrity, Professionalism and Service Provision from the South Pacific","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1080/10439463.2021.1888950","abstract":"Studies on policing in the Global South rarely discuss police self-evaluation of performance. Furthermore, internal performance assessments usually reflect the perspectives of senior management with little to no input from frontline officers. This paper seeks to present a more inclusive view of police performance as it presents the findings of a stakeholder perceptions survey commissioned by the Tuvalu Police Service (TPS) to examine police perceptions about their performance as service providers. We examine the survey responses of 100% of TPS officers on active duty (N=84) and 14 in-depth interviews to determine their views on the integrity, professionalism and service provision of TPS members. Findings indicate that police are able to provide useful assessments of the organisation and of their colleagues, but are less valid sources of information about personal performance. These findings are particularly relevant to discussions about improving police service provision in the developing world. The paper makes a contribution to policing scholarship by highlighting the potential of self-evaluation as an impetus for improved policing practices.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Policing and Society"},"translated_abstract":"Studies on policing in the Global South rarely discuss police self-evaluation of performance. Furthermore, internal performance assessments usually reflect the perspectives of senior management with little to no input from frontline officers. This paper seeks to present a more inclusive view of police performance as it presents the findings of a stakeholder perceptions survey commissioned by the Tuvalu Police Service (TPS) to examine police perceptions about their performance as service providers. We examine the survey responses of 100% of TPS officers on active duty (N=84) and 14 in-depth interviews to determine their views on the integrity, professionalism and service provision of TPS members. Findings indicate that police are able to provide useful assessments of the organisation and of their colleagues, but are less valid sources of information about personal performance. These findings are particularly relevant to discussions about improving police service provision in the developing world. The paper makes a contribution to policing scholarship by highlighting the potential of self-evaluation as an impetus for improved policing practices.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79094681/Self_Evaluating_Performance_An_Analysis_of_Police_Integrity_Professionalism_and_Service_Provision_from_the_South_Pacific","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-05-14T09:02:36.576-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6786759,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":38227841,"work_id":79094681,"tagging_user_id":6786759,"tagged_user_id":300450194,"co_author_invite_id":7556201,"email":"d***n@qut.edu.au","display_order":0,"name":"Danielle Watson","title":"Self-Evaluating Performance: An Analysis of Police Integrity, Professionalism and Service Provision from the South Pacific"},{"id":38227842,"work_id":79094681,"tagging_user_id":6786759,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":6064294,"email":"s***n@usp.ac.fj","display_order":4194304,"name":"Sara Amin","title":"Self-Evaluating Performance: An Analysis of Police Integrity, Professionalism and Service Provision from the South Pacific"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Self_Evaluating_Performance_An_Analysis_of_Police_Integrity_Professionalism_and_Service_Provision_from_the_South_Pacific","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Studies on policing in the Global South rarely discuss police self-evaluation of performance. Furthermore, internal performance assessments usually reflect the perspectives of senior management with little to no input from frontline officers. This paper seeks to present a more inclusive view of police performance as it presents the findings of a stakeholder perceptions survey commissioned by the Tuvalu Police Service (TPS) to examine police perceptions about their performance as service providers. We examine the survey responses of 100% of TPS officers on active duty (N=84) and 14 in-depth interviews to determine their views on the integrity, professionalism and service provision of TPS members. Findings indicate that police are able to provide useful assessments of the organisation and of their colleagues, but are less valid sources of information about personal performance. These findings are particularly relevant to discussions about improving police service provision in the developing world. The paper makes a contribution to policing scholarship by highlighting the potential of self-evaluation as an impetus for improved policing practices.","owner":{"id":6786759,"first_name":"Nathan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pino","page_name":"NathanPino","domain_name":"txstate","created_at":"2013-11-12T02:08:48.043-08:00","display_name":"Nathan Pino","url":"https://txstate.academia.edu/NathanPino"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":54342,"name":"Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing"},{"id":108169,"name":"Police studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_studies"},{"id":191006,"name":"South Pacific","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Pacific"},{"id":346144,"name":"Tuvalu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuvalu"}],"urls":[{"id":20448746,"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10439463.2021.1888950?journalCode=gpas20"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-79094681-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79094668"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/79094668/Non_Medical_Prescription_Drug_Use_Among_Latino_College_Students_A_Test_of_Strain_Social_Learning_and_Acculturation_Theories"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Non-Medical Prescription Drug Use Among Latino College Students: A Test of Strain, Social Learning, and Acculturation Theories" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Non-Medical Prescription Drug Use Among Latino College Students: A Test of Strain, Social Learning, and Acculturation Theories</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Latinos and Education</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study tests theories of social learning and strain to explain non-medical prescription drug ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study tests theories of social learning and strain to explain non-medical prescription drug use (NMPDU) among Latino college students at a Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI). Logistic regression analyses indicate social learning and negative stressors help explain such usage, while refined models suggest that Latinos use of NMPD is primarily intended to improve academic performance. The study raises important questions about the unique challenges facing Latino college students and the role NMPDU may play in HSIs.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79094668"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79094668"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094668; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094668]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094668]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094668; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='79094668']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=79094668]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":79094668,"title":"Non-Medical Prescription Drug Use Among Latino College Students: A Test of Strain, Social Learning, and Acculturation Theories","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1080/15348431.2019.1639508","abstract":"This study tests theories of social learning and strain to explain non-medical prescription drug use (NMPDU) among Latino college students at a Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI). Logistic regression analyses indicate social learning and negative stressors help explain such usage, while refined models suggest that Latinos use of NMPD is primarily intended to improve academic performance. The study raises important questions about the unique challenges facing Latino college students and the role NMPDU may play in HSIs.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Latinos and Education"},"translated_abstract":"This study tests theories of social learning and strain to explain non-medical prescription drug use (NMPDU) among Latino college students at a Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI). Logistic regression analyses indicate social learning and negative stressors help explain such usage, while refined models suggest that Latinos use of NMPD is primarily intended to improve academic performance. The study raises important questions about the unique challenges facing Latino college students and the role NMPDU may play in HSIs.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79094668/Non_Medical_Prescription_Drug_Use_Among_Latino_College_Students_A_Test_of_Strain_Social_Learning_and_Acculturation_Theories","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-05-14T08:57:10.011-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6786759,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Non_Medical_Prescription_Drug_Use_Among_Latino_College_Students_A_Test_of_Strain_Social_Learning_and_Acculturation_Theories","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"This study tests theories of social learning and strain to explain non-medical prescription drug use (NMPDU) among Latino college students at a Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI). Logistic regression analyses indicate social learning and negative stressors help explain such usage, while refined models suggest that Latinos use of NMPD is primarily intended to improve academic performance. The study raises important questions about the unique challenges facing Latino college students and the role NMPDU may play in HSIs.","owner":{"id":6786759,"first_name":"Nathan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pino","page_name":"NathanPino","domain_name":"txstate","created_at":"2013-11-12T02:08:48.043-08:00","display_name":"Nathan Pino","url":"https://txstate.academia.edu/NathanPino"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":2621,"name":"Higher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education"},{"id":54848,"name":"Latinos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latinos"},{"id":75940,"name":"Academic Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Academic_Ethics"},{"id":1488613,"name":"Education of Latinos/as and Other Students of Diverse Backgrounds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_of_Latinos_as_and_Other_Students_of_Diverse_Backgrounds"}],"urls":[{"id":20448744,"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15348431.2019.1639508"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-79094668-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79094659"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/79094659/The_Lagged_Environmental_Consequences_of_Demographic_and_Economic_Change_An_Exploratory_Study"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Lagged Environmental Consequences of Demographic and Economic Change: An Exploratory Study" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">The Lagged Environmental Consequences of Demographic and Economic Change: An Exploratory Study</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Sociological Inquiry</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Quantitative sociologists conducting environmental research often use temporally lagged variables...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Quantitative sociologists conducting environmental research often use temporally lagged variables to estimate the social drivers of ecological change. To highlight the relevance of temporal lags for this scholarship, we specifically look at the longitudinal relationship between demographic and economic change and two different environmental outcomes: land development and carbon emissions. For land development, we run longitudinal spatial regression models to assess whether increasing the lag time changes the slope estimates for in-migration and out-migration at the county level across the contiguous United States (n = 3,026). For carbon emissions, we use cross-national data in Prais–Winsten models to assess changes in the lagged estimates for GDP, urbanization, and age structure (n = 146). Results from these analyses indicate that the slope estimates continue to be statistically significant, but the magnitudes of these coefficients change with increased lag time. We propose that scholars use a more systematic approach when assessing the temporal duration of socio-ecological change.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79094659"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79094659"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094659; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094659]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094659]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094659; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='79094659']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=79094659]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":79094659,"title":"The Lagged Environmental Consequences of Demographic and Economic Change: An Exploratory Study","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1111/soin.12458","abstract":"Quantitative sociologists conducting environmental research often use temporally lagged variables to estimate the social drivers of ecological change. To highlight the relevance of temporal lags for this scholarship, we specifically look at the longitudinal relationship between demographic and economic change and two different environmental outcomes: land development and carbon emissions. For land development, we run longitudinal spatial regression models to assess whether increasing the lag time changes the slope estimates for in-migration and out-migration at the county level across the contiguous United States (n = 3,026). For carbon emissions, we use cross-national data in Prais–Winsten models to assess changes in the lagged estimates for GDP, urbanization, and age structure (n = 146). Results from these analyses indicate that the slope estimates continue to be statistically significant, but the magnitudes of these coefficients change with increased lag time. We propose that scholars use a more systematic approach when assessing the temporal duration of socio-ecological change.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Sociological Inquiry"},"translated_abstract":"Quantitative sociologists conducting environmental research often use temporally lagged variables to estimate the social drivers of ecological change. To highlight the relevance of temporal lags for this scholarship, we specifically look at the longitudinal relationship between demographic and economic change and two different environmental outcomes: land development and carbon emissions. For land development, we run longitudinal spatial regression models to assess whether increasing the lag time changes the slope estimates for in-migration and out-migration at the county level across the contiguous United States (n = 3,026). For carbon emissions, we use cross-national data in Prais–Winsten models to assess changes in the lagged estimates for GDP, urbanization, and age structure (n = 146). Results from these analyses indicate that the slope estimates continue to be statistically significant, but the magnitudes of these coefficients change with increased lag time. We propose that scholars use a more systematic approach when assessing the temporal duration of socio-ecological change.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79094659/The_Lagged_Environmental_Consequences_of_Demographic_and_Economic_Change_An_Exploratory_Study","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-05-14T08:54:14.009-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6786759,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"The_Lagged_Environmental_Consequences_of_Demographic_and_Economic_Change_An_Exploratory_Study","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Quantitative sociologists conducting environmental research often use temporally lagged variables to estimate the social drivers of ecological change. To highlight the relevance of temporal lags for this scholarship, we specifically look at the longitudinal relationship between demographic and economic change and two different environmental outcomes: land development and carbon emissions. For land development, we run longitudinal spatial regression models to assess whether increasing the lag time changes the slope estimates for in-migration and out-migration at the county level across the contiguous United States (n = 3,026). For carbon emissions, we use cross-national data in Prais–Winsten models to assess changes in the lagged estimates for GDP, urbanization, and age structure (n = 146). Results from these analyses indicate that the slope estimates continue to be statistically significant, but the magnitudes of these coefficients change with increased lag time. We propose that scholars use a more systematic approach when assessing the temporal duration of socio-ecological change.","owner":{"id":6786759,"first_name":"Nathan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pino","page_name":"NathanPino","domain_name":"txstate","created_at":"2013-11-12T02:08:48.043-08:00","display_name":"Nathan Pino","url":"https://txstate.academia.edu/NathanPino"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability"},{"id":21310,"name":"Urbanization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urbanization"}],"urls":[{"id":20448742,"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/soin.12458"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-79094659-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79094650"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/79094650/Policing_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago_Officers_Experiences_with_Stress"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Policing in Trinidad and Tobago: Officers’ Experiences with Stress" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Policing in Trinidad and Tobago: Officers’ Experiences with Stress</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Social Science Journal</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study examined duty-related stress among police officers in Trinidad and Tobago (T&T). Quali...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study examined duty-related stress among police officers in Trinidad and Tobago (T&T). Qualitative interview data collected from 12 male senior police officers were analyzed for themes regarding experiences with stres- sors and emotional and behavioral reactions to stress. The officers indicated that obstacles to effective policing – the power and resources of offenders, officers’ lack of resources and support, and the threat of corruption – are major sources of stress. Also, cynicism and pessimism about achieving crime control and justice, aggressive policing, and avoidance of some duties were revealed as emotional and behavioral reactions to stress. These results imply that T&T officers do not believe they are adequately resourced to address public and personal safety needs. This study contributes to Southern criminological dialogue about policing stress by emphasizing the experiences of officers in a post-colonial developing country.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79094650"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79094650"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094650; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094650]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79094650]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79094650; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='79094650']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=79094650]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":79094650,"title":"Policing in Trinidad and Tobago: Officers’ Experiences with Stress","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1080/03623319.2020.1744952","abstract":"This study examined duty-related stress among police officers in Trinidad and Tobago (T\u0026T). Qualitative interview data collected from 12 male senior police officers were analyzed for themes regarding experiences with stres- sors and emotional and behavioral reactions to stress. The officers indicated that obstacles to effective policing – the power and resources of offenders, officers’ lack of resources and support, and the threat of corruption – are major sources of stress. Also, cynicism and pessimism about achieving crime control and justice, aggressive policing, and avoidance of some duties were revealed as emotional and behavioral reactions to stress. These results imply that T\u0026T officers do not believe they are adequately resourced to address public and personal safety needs. 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These results imply that T\u0026T officers do not believe they are adequately resourced to address public and personal safety needs. This study contributes to Southern criminological dialogue about policing stress by emphasizing the experiences of officers in a post-colonial developing country.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79094650/Policing_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago_Officers_Experiences_with_Stress","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-05-14T08:50:39.313-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6786759,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":38227814,"work_id":79094650,"tagging_user_id":6786759,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":7556200,"email":"j***8@pnw.edu","display_order":0,"name":"Lee Michael Johnson","title":"Policing in Trinidad and Tobago: Officers’ Experiences with Stress"},{"id":38227815,"work_id":79094650,"tagging_user_id":6786759,"tagged_user_id":300450194,"co_author_invite_id":7556201,"email":"d***n@qut.edu.au","display_order":4194304,"name":"Danielle Watson","title":"Policing in Trinidad and Tobago: Officers’ Experiences with Stress"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Policing_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago_Officers_Experiences_with_Stress","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"This study examined duty-related stress among police officers in Trinidad and Tobago (T\u0026T). 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This study contributes to Southern criminological dialogue about policing stress by emphasizing the experiences of officers in a post-colonial developing country.","owner":{"id":6786759,"first_name":"Nathan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pino","page_name":"NathanPino","domain_name":"txstate","created_at":"2013-11-12T02:08:48.043-08:00","display_name":"Nathan Pino","url":"https://txstate.academia.edu/NathanPino"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":54342,"name":"Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing"},{"id":137967,"name":"Trinidad and Tobago","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trinidad_and_Tobago"}],"urls":[{"id":20448741,"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03623319.2020.1744952"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-79094650-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="78867364"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/78867364/The_persistent_countervailing_consequences_of_urbanization_A_longitudinal_study_of_homicide_rates"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The persistent countervailing consequences of urbanization: A longitudinal study of homicide rates" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">The persistent countervailing consequences of urbanization: A longitudinal study of homicide rates</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>European Journal of Criminology</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Quantitative criminologists often use temporally lagged variables to estimate the structural forc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Quantitative criminologists often use temporally lagged variables to estimate the structural forces contributing to variation in crime rates. We elucidate the relevance of temporal lags for cross-national research by looking specifically at the lagged longitudinal relationship between urbanization and homicide rates. Using cross-national time-series data for (n = 83) nations, we run a series of 10 separate panel models, in which we incrementally increase the time lag between the dependent variable homicide rate and two independent measures of urbanization, controlling for changes in GDP and age-structure as well as fixed effects for time and unit. Results from these panel models confirm that the two measures of urbanization are oppositely associated with homicide rates. Moreover, while the magnitudes of the associations for both predictors decline as lag time increases, they continue to be statistically significant. These results provide evidence that urbanization has countervailing and persistent consequences for homicide rates that ripple through time. These results also lead us to conclude that a more systematic approach to lag time in longitudinal research is needed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="78867364"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78867364"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78867364; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78867364]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78867364]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78867364; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='78867364']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=78867364]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":78867364,"title":"The persistent countervailing consequences of urbanization: A longitudinal study of homicide rates","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1177/14773708221098990","abstract":"Quantitative criminologists often use temporally lagged variables to estimate the structural forces contributing to variation in crime rates. 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These results also lead us to conclude that a more systematic approach to lag time in longitudinal research is needed.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"European Journal of Criminology"},"translated_abstract":"Quantitative criminologists often use temporally lagged variables to estimate the structural forces contributing to variation in crime rates. We elucidate the relevance of temporal lags for cross-national research by looking specifically at the lagged longitudinal relationship between urbanization and homicide rates. Using cross-national time-series data for (n = 83) nations, we run a series of 10 separate panel models, in which we incrementally increase the time lag between the dependent variable homicide rate and two independent measures of urbanization, controlling for changes in GDP and age-structure as well as fixed effects for time and unit. Results from these panel models confirm that the two measures of urbanization are oppositely associated with homicide rates. Moreover, while the magnitudes of the associations for both predictors decline as lag time increases, they continue to be statistically significant. These results provide evidence that urbanization has countervailing and persistent consequences for homicide rates that ripple through time. These results also lead us to conclude that a more systematic approach to lag time in longitudinal research is needed.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/78867364/The_persistent_countervailing_consequences_of_urbanization_A_longitudinal_study_of_homicide_rates","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-05-09T08:39:00.975-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6786759,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":38197441,"work_id":78867364,"tagging_user_id":6786759,"tagged_user_id":113645933,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"m***3@txstate.edu","display_order":0,"name":"Matthew Thomas Clement","title":"The persistent countervailing consequences of urbanization: A longitudinal study of homicide rates"},{"id":38197442,"work_id":78867364,"tagging_user_id":6786759,"tagged_user_id":144503,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"j***n@monash.edu","affiliation":"The Australian National University","display_order":4194304,"name":"Jarrett Blaustein","title":"The persistent countervailing consequences of urbanization: A longitudinal study of homicide rates"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"The_persistent_countervailing_consequences_of_urbanization_A_longitudinal_study_of_homicide_rates","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Quantitative criminologists often use temporally lagged variables to estimate the structural forces contributing to variation in crime rates. 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These results also lead us to conclude that a more systematic approach to lag time in longitudinal research is needed.","owner":{"id":6786759,"first_name":"Nathan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pino","page_name":"NathanPino","domain_name":"txstate","created_at":"2013-11-12T02:08:48.043-08:00","display_name":"Nathan Pino","url":"https://txstate.academia.edu/NathanPino"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":2290,"name":"Urbanization in Developing Areas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urbanization_in_Developing_Areas"},{"id":3208,"name":"Homicide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homicide"},{"id":21310,"name":"Urbanization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urbanization"},{"id":572622,"name":"Comparative Cross-National Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Cross-National_Research"}],"urls":[{"id":20365117,"url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/14773708221098990"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-78867364-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="42940163"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/42940163/Transformative_Police_Reform_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago_Prospects_and_Challenges"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Transformative Police Reform in Trinidad and Tobago: Prospects and Challenges" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63232333/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/42940163/Transformative_Police_Reform_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago_Prospects_and_Challenges">Transformative Police Reform in Trinidad and Tobago: Prospects and Challenges</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Policing</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The country of Trinidad and Tobago presents an interesting case for analysing policing and police...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The country of Trinidad and Tobago presents an interesting case for analysing policing and police reform through the lens of transformative justice. Informed by a review of the relevant literature, including the author’s independent research, this article details how the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service faces numerous challenges even after multiple evaluations and efforts at reform. Local civil society groups have been largely left out of police reform processes in spite of their local knowledge and social capital. Police reforms rooted in transformative justice will be difficult to achieve and sustain given current conditions in the country, but it is possible if there is a long-term and serious commitment to reform, led by local actors that initiate local solutions democratically while ensuring the genuine involvement of civil society groups, women, and other traditionally marginalized groups.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0bc0f6b2d0864fd571445ea18957f957" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63232333,"asset_id":42940163,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63232333/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42940163"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42940163"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42940163; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42940163]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42940163]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42940163; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='42940163']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0bc0f6b2d0864fd571445ea18957f957" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=42940163]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":42940163,"title":"Transformative Police Reform in Trinidad and Tobago: Prospects and Challenges","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1093/police/paaa018","abstract":"The country of Trinidad and Tobago presents an interesting case for analysing policing and police reform through the lens of transformative justice. 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Police reforms rooted in transformative justice will be difficult to achieve and sustain given current conditions in the country, but it is possible if there is a long-term and serious commitment to reform, led by local actors that initiate local solutions democratically while ensuring the genuine involvement of civil society groups, women, and other traditionally marginalized groups.","ai_title_tag":"Prospects and Challenges of Police Reform in Trinidad and Tobago","publication_name":"Policing"},"translated_abstract":"The country of Trinidad and Tobago presents an interesting case for analysing policing and police reform through the lens of transformative justice. Informed by a review of the relevant literature, including the author’s independent research, this article details how the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service faces numerous challenges even after multiple evaluations and efforts at reform. Local civil society groups have been largely left out of police reform processes in spite of their local knowledge and social capital. Police reforms rooted in transformative justice will be difficult to achieve and sustain given current conditions in the country, but it is possible if there is a long-term and serious commitment to reform, led by local actors that initiate local solutions democratically while ensuring the genuine involvement of civil society groups, women, and other traditionally marginalized groups.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/42940163/Transformative_Police_Reform_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago_Prospects_and_Challenges","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-05-04T09:04:44.916-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6786759,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63232333,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63232333/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Pino_2021.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63232333/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Transformative_Police_Reform_in_Trinidad.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63232333/Pino_2021-libre.pdf?1588885684=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTransformative_Police_Reform_in_Trinidad.pdf\u0026Expires=1743662380\u0026Signature=BRmlV5CXebe6OD~2R0QHDMuE~w0KX4ebzH0pJNqdufEmrahXeprEBhX~pRZyS4kFYV92sBBlfjs2ymp3nB7DM4rC5h2un--ayiQR6LVaeP49RZq5~e1ysEC7bWgm2kd37gh5nurnoAe4WI~rejsf427iWVxiAau6XC6VwqDMA70DZpIH1WTubrDU0ZRzK5863k5OubQEidd8lmPmoDYzlfgP6j7~wf4fAk8MWs3GZg2isxzaENPIp5aqKdqYTmtOsYIk8P1O44CBxtFFUYBj-qE4evXIdABAkYjo0FmwC9rlpZpTZXmnpiMHKK3WJKiiUdDVCAOZjvd7NwQeTYHw3A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Transformative_Police_Reform_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago_Prospects_and_Challenges","translated_slug":"","page_count":14,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The country of Trinidad and Tobago presents an interesting case for analysing policing and police reform through the lens of transformative justice. Informed by a review of the relevant literature, including the author’s independent research, this article details how the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service faces numerous challenges even after multiple evaluations and efforts at reform. Local civil society groups have been largely left out of police reform processes in spite of their local knowledge and social capital. Police reforms rooted in transformative justice will be difficult to achieve and sustain given current conditions in the country, but it is possible if there is a long-term and serious commitment to reform, led by local actors that initiate local solutions democratically while ensuring the genuine involvement of civil society groups, women, and other traditionally marginalized groups.","owner":{"id":6786759,"first_name":"Nathan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pino","page_name":"NathanPino","domain_name":"txstate","created_at":"2013-11-12T02:08:48.043-08:00","display_name":"Nathan Pino","url":"https://txstate.academia.edu/NathanPino"},"attachments":[{"id":63232333,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63232333/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Pino_2021.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63232333/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Transformative_Police_Reform_in_Trinidad.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63232333/Pino_2021-libre.pdf?1588885684=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTransformative_Police_Reform_in_Trinidad.pdf\u0026Expires=1743662380\u0026Signature=BRmlV5CXebe6OD~2R0QHDMuE~w0KX4ebzH0pJNqdufEmrahXeprEBhX~pRZyS4kFYV92sBBlfjs2ymp3nB7DM4rC5h2un--ayiQR6LVaeP49RZq5~e1ysEC7bWgm2kd37gh5nurnoAe4WI~rejsf427iWVxiAau6XC6VwqDMA70DZpIH1WTubrDU0ZRzK5863k5OubQEidd8lmPmoDYzlfgP6j7~wf4fAk8MWs3GZg2isxzaENPIp5aqKdqYTmtOsYIk8P1O44CBxtFFUYBj-qE4evXIdABAkYjo0FmwC9rlpZpTZXmnpiMHKK3WJKiiUdDVCAOZjvd7NwQeTYHw3A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11294,"name":"Policing Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing_Studies"},{"id":16686,"name":"Transformative Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transformative_Justice"},{"id":36982,"name":"Police Reform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Reform"},{"id":51326,"name":"Police Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Training"},{"id":80016,"name":"Police and Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_and_Policing"},{"id":137967,"name":"Trinidad and Tobago","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trinidad_and_Tobago"}],"urls":[{"id":9007992,"url":"https://academic.oup.com/policing/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/police/paaa018/5827732?redirectedFrom=fulltext"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-42940163-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="41817949"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/41817949/Are_the_Goals_of_Sustainability_Interconnected_A_Sociological_Analysis_of_the_Three_Es_of_Sustainable_Development_Using_Cross_Lagged_Models_with_Reciprocal_Effects"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Are the Goals of Sustainability Interconnected? A Sociological Analysis of the Three E's of Sustainable Development Using Cross-Lagged Models with Reciprocal Effects" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61960173/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/41817949/Are_the_Goals_of_Sustainability_Interconnected_A_Sociological_Analysis_of_the_Three_Es_of_Sustainable_Development_Using_Cross_Lagged_Models_with_Reciprocal_Effects">Are the Goals of Sustainability Interconnected? A Sociological Analysis of the Three E's of Sustainable Development Using Cross-Lagged Models with Reciprocal Effects</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://txstate.academia.edu/NathanPino">Nathan Pino</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://vanderbilt.academia.edu/PatrickGreiner">Patrick T Greiner</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Sociology of Development </span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Conceptual discussions of sustainability emphasize the interdependent relationship between releva...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Conceptual discussions of sustainability emphasize the interdependent relationship between relevant social and environmental factors. Yet, traditional quantitative analyses of the topic have tended to estimate the exogenous or direct/indirect effects a predictor variable has on a particular measure of sustainability. We examine the endogenous, interdependent relationship between the three E's of sustainability (economy, equity, and ecology), incorporating country-level data for 1990 through 2015 into cross-lagged structural equation models with reciprocal and fixed effects. Results from these longitudinal models suggest that over time, at the country level, increasing economic inequality reduces renewable energy consumption, with no evidence of reciprocal feedback. Keeping in mind the limitations of the analysis, we tentatively argue that the modern form of development has constrained the potential for the sustainability goals to feed back into each other. KEYWORDS sustainability, modernization, inequality, structural equation modeling, reciprocal effects.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f12ebc905d0caf1f758a4f0de8268570" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":61960173,"asset_id":41817949,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61960173/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="41817949"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41817949"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41817949; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41817949]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41817949]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41817949; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='41817949']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f12ebc905d0caf1f758a4f0de8268570" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=41817949]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":41817949,"title":"Are the Goals of Sustainability Interconnected? 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Keeping in mind the limitations of the analysis, we tentatively argue that the modern form of development has constrained the potential for the sustainability goals to feed back into each other. KEYWORDS sustainability, modernization, inequality, structural equation modeling, reciprocal effects. ","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Sociology of Development "},"translated_abstract":"Conceptual discussions of sustainability emphasize the interdependent relationship between relevant social and environmental factors. Yet, traditional quantitative analyses of the topic have tended to estimate the exogenous or direct/indirect effects a predictor variable has on a particular measure of sustainability. 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","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41817949/Are_the_Goals_of_Sustainability_Interconnected_A_Sociological_Analysis_of_the_Three_Es_of_Sustainable_Development_Using_Cross_Lagged_Models_with_Reciprocal_Effects","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-02-01T07:37:14.649-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6786759,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":33602870,"work_id":41817949,"tagging_user_id":6786759,"tagged_user_id":7460934,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"p***r@vanderbilt.edu","affiliation":"Vanderbilt University","display_order":1,"name":"Patrick T Greiner","title":"Are the Goals of Sustainability Interconnected? 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","owner":{"id":6786759,"first_name":"Nathan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pino","page_name":"NathanPino","domain_name":"txstate","created_at":"2013-11-12T02:08:48.043-08:00","display_name":"Nathan Pino","url":"https://txstate.academia.edu/NathanPino","email":"Ty8yOVkyU055L3ZBVmdBU1Q5R0FRcnhkTDFsM0xlUUFJRFNpZ05DdEZscz0tLXNWWnMvQUVvZ2xxMUdjd0RaTUVRVGc9PQ==--4bd78faa3bd27d6661f942d5058a28a3e0655a96"},"attachments":[{"id":61960173,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61960173/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Clement__Pino_Griener__and_McGee_202020200201-110947-xn8l2a.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61960173/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Are_the_Goals_of_Sustainability_Intercon.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/61960173/Clement__Pino_Griener__and_McGee_202020200201-110947-xn8l2a-libre.pdf?1580572494=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAre_the_Goals_of_Sustainability_Intercon.pdf\u0026Expires=1743635053\u0026Signature=Rc0~pEBHDqC58yZy6DUCnqVpl8s~ERb8LiOnA3CdiChmte7lcMNKZmrFIzudGFNnehbRycOCQIIDGhguSp2gswztX41p2YSpi66Tzauno615HAqhPNc9yglgBQlUH4Gz4A9zZMjsoWmXzDNARBxX~Ay2Mlz0b1hMr5vtrWx5ZyYK~UiWAWCMCK6PZ-5uj5B-Y4xCj6moSaZh~GFBAwyUpcThq6BzgQqcTZPz9LM-Ek0Me~sqdDFRcIeWIw8xbY-UX53pHy919C~C3ayAoRgSVCA37M72jVDvZEQbysbjLEZMu0QUf~YnlKDx3mbCZi0Uy2D4iFguJR4nTvCWTbpbgA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology"},{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies"},{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-41817949-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38500270"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38500270/Rationalizing_the_Decision_to_Cheat_An_Empirical_Analysis_to_Determine_Whether_Social_Rational_Orientation_can_Predict_Academic_Dishonesty"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Rationalizing the Decision to Cheat: An Empirical Analysis to Determine Whether Social Rational Orientation can Predict Academic Dishonesty" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58567328/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38500270/Rationalizing_the_Decision_to_Cheat_An_Empirical_Analysis_to_Determine_Whether_Social_Rational_Orientation_can_Predict_Academic_Dishonesty">Rationalizing the Decision to Cheat: An Empirical Analysis to Determine Whether Social Rational Orientation can Predict Academic Dishonesty</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of College and Character</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Academic dishonesty is a wide-spread issue in educational institutions, including higher educatio...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Academic dishonesty is a wide-spread issue in educational institutions, including higher education. This study determined if there was a correlation between social rational action orientations and the likelihood of engaging in academically dishonest acts. The relationship between course value and academic dishonesty was also examined. The researchers obtained data from 357 undergraduate students at a large public university in the Southwest. The instrument included a scale that was created to determine student social rational orientation membership. To measure potential academic dishonesty behaviors, vignettes were created and manipulated to portray either low or high perceived course value. Overall, this study found that social rational orientation and perceived course value predicted the likelihood of engaging in academically dishonest acts. This study uncovered new variables that can be used to predict academic dishonesty by elucidating how students rationalize their decision to cheat.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-38500270-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-38500270-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/11797019/table-1-rationalizing-the-decision-to-cheat-an-empirical"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/58567328/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/11797033/table-2-rationalizing-the-decision-to-cheat-an-empirical"><img alt="Table 2 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/58567328/table_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/11797054/table-3-note-squared-adjusted-squared"><img alt="Note. R squared = 0.081 (Adjusted R squared = 0.076). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/58567328/table_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/11797087/table-4-note-potential-cheating-scores-are-reverse-coded"><img alt="Note. Potential cheating scores are reverse coded, thus a higher score would indicate a lower likelihood t potentially cheat. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/58567328/table_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/11797099/table-5-note-potential-cheating-scores-are-reverse-coded"><img alt="Note. Potential cheating scores are reverse coded, thus a higher score would indicate a lower likelihood to potentially cheat. Potential Cheating Score Means, Standard Deviations, and Standard Errors for Social Rational Orientation-Course Value Pairings " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/58567328/table_005.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-38500270-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c7a0c815475d4809089c06e1d844b5a6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58567328,"asset_id":38500270,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58567328/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38500270"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38500270"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38500270; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38500270]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38500270]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38500270; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38500270']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c7a0c815475d4809089c06e1d844b5a6" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38500270]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38500270,"title":"Rationalizing the Decision to Cheat: An Empirical Analysis to Determine Whether Social Rational Orientation can Predict Academic Dishonesty","translated_title":"","metadata":{"issue":"1","volume":"20","abstract":"Academic dishonesty is a wide-spread issue in educational institutions, including higher education. 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Combining historical analysis with a unique empirical perspective based on interviews with high-level international crime policy insiders, it accounts for how and why the ‘crime-development nexus’ has been invoked by international actors, including the United Nations, to advance and secure variations of a global capitalist development agenda since the 19th Century.<br /><br />Drawing on perspectives anchored in critical criminology, International Relations, and development studies, Unraveling the Crime Development Nexus reveals that the international crime policy agenda today remains overwhelmingly responsive to those who benefit from the further expansion of neoliberal globalisation, while simultaneously marginalising subordinate actors throughout the ‘developing’ world.<br /><br />The book concludes by considering how international organisations, civil society actors, and major donors might support a more equitable and sustainable model of global crime governance that addresses the structural causes of crime and uneven development at a global level.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="104038597"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="104038597"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104038597; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104038597]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104038597]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104038597; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='104038597']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=104038597]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":104038597,"title":"Unraveling the Crime Development Nexus","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Unraveling the Crime-Development Nexus interrogates the claim that crime represents a significant threat to economic development. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-104038597-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79018324"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/79018324/The_Emerald_Handbook_of_Crime_Justice_and_Sustainable_Development"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Emerald Handbook of Crime, Justice, and Sustainable Development" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">The Emerald Handbook of Crime, Justice, and Sustainable Development</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Emerald</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79018324"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79018324"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79018324; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-79018324-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="8068935"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/8068935/Rethinking_Serial_Murder_Spree_Killing_and_Atrocities_Beyond_the_Usual_Distinctions"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Rethinking Serial Murder, Spree Killing, and Atrocities: Beyond the Usual Distinctions" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57735373/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8068935/Rethinking_Serial_Murder_Spree_Killing_and_Atrocities_Beyond_the_Usual_Distinctions">Rethinking Serial Murder, Spree Killing, and Atrocities: Beyond the Usual Distinctions</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Multiple killings by serial or spree killers and the mass violence seen in war crimes and other a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Multiple killings by serial or spree killers and the mass violence seen in war crimes and other atrocities have typically been understood as discrete category types, which can foster the view that there are fundamentally different kinds of human beings, including "deviants" who are born evil and innately given to sadism or a callous lack of empathy. In contrast, this book considers the violence of these "deviants" in terms of larger questions about human violence. Therefore, in addition to describing the life histories of a sample of individual serial and spree murderers, the book includes analysis of macro-level phenomena, such as genocide, mass rape and killing, and torture occurring under conditions of war, state authorization, or political upheaval. The chief claim of the book is that, given the "right" combination of factors occurring at different levels of analysis, virtually anyone can emerge as a killer or perpetrator of atrocities. While it is crucial to understand individual killers in terms of the details of their biographies, it is equally crucial to understand political atrocities in terms of the details of their histories, and to see that persons and groups are always the product of complexly interacting assemblage processes. was an associate professor of anthropology in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Georgia Southern University.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-8068935-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-8068935-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/2111751/figure-1-replica-of-the-paleolithic-addaura-cave-drawing-at"><img alt="Figure 1.1 Replica of the Paleolithic Addaura Cave Drawing at the Museo Regio- nale Archeologico, by Bernhard J. Scheuvens. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Palermo-Museo-Archeologico-bjs-11.jpg#file. Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 Generic License. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57735373/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/2111756/figure-2-rethinking-serial-murder-spree-killing-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57735373/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/2111760/figure-3-rethinking-serial-murder-spree-killing-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57735373/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/2111763/table-1-expected-murders-per-population-size-given-rate"><img alt="Table 1.1 Expected Murders per Population Size Given a 10% Rate " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57735373/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/2111766/table-1-able-murders-per-year-for-differing-population-sizes"><img alt="‘able 1.2 Murders per Year for Differing Population Sizes at the Rate of 10/100,000 POPUldAUOHs LO DE HI UIC 1OW OFGCr OL U.U I /o (LUI LUU UU). Table 1.2 suggests if you took the murder rate of a small European city and projected it down to a population of 100 hunter-gatherers, then you would only expect a murder once every 100 years! If a change from a mur- der rate of 15% among ancient tribes to the 0.01% rate of a more recent town is due to the changing psychological proclivities fostered by a “civi- lizing process,” as Pinker suggests, then that process must be rather unbe- lievably effective. And, if we compared the murder rates of Sweden to the pre-contact Ache of Paraguay or the Enga of New Guinea, and attribute the difference merely to socially inculcated psychological dispositions due to better manners and refined education, people in bands and tribes seem to be equivalent to the brutal state of nature imagined by Hobbes. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57735373/table_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/2111770/table-1-slightly-modified-from-samuel-bowles-bp-before"><img alt="Slightly modified from Samuel Bowles (2009); BP=before present. Table 1.3. 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Pino","grobid_abstract":"Multiple killings by serial or spree killers and the mass violence seen in war crimes and other atrocities have typically been understood as discrete category types, which can foster the view that there are fundamentally different kinds of human beings, including \"deviants\" who are born evil and innately given to sadism or a callous lack of empathy. In contrast, this book considers the violence of these \"deviants\" in terms of larger questions about human violence. Therefore, in addition to describing the life histories of a sample of individual serial and spree murderers, the book includes analysis of macro-level phenomena, such as genocide, mass rape and killing, and torture occurring under conditions of war, state authorization, or political upheaval. The chief claim of the book is that, given the \"right\" combination of factors occurring at different levels of analysis, virtually anyone can emerge as a killer or perpetrator of atrocities. 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Millions are”, “Don’t believe in God? You are not alone” and “Millions of Americans are good without God”. Most of these ads are timed to pop up around Christmas. Atheists realize that there is a fine balance between what may be perceived as attacking Christmas and raising consciousness, which explains their endorsement of the holiday, yet rejecting the mythical origins in some of their ads. For example, American Atheist purchased a Christmas bill- board in New York City in December 2012. The billboard read “Keep the Merry! Dump the Myth!”, suggesting that Americans should keep traditions such as Santa Clause, but get rid of beliefs similar to the Immaculate Conception and the subsequent virgin birth. This falls in line with Benford and Hunt's (1992) suggestion that for a successful performance the actors must find a balance between appearing sincere but not so much as to become over-involved. Furthermore, all forms of activism shouldn’t ignore the audience’s interpretation as they could risk getting labeled as “extreme” (ibid.). In the case of keeping “the merry” or the Santa Clause tradition, atheists are willing to compro- mise to accommodate to their audience. Atheist billboard and bus campaigns have shown to be a successful tactic of cultural moral performance. Figure 9.1 illustrates how trends in searching the term “atheist” have increased with various firebrand performances. The top line represents changes in the number of times the term atheist has been searched since 2005. The bottom line represents the “floor” — how many times the word atheist is searched without explicit references to atheism in the press. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-5075655-figures'); } }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="9831477" id="journalarticles"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="40713697"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/40713697/Homicide_Rates_and_the_Multiple_Dimensions_of_Urbanization_A_Longitudinal_Cross_National_Analysis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Homicide Rates and the Multiple Dimensions of Urbanization: A Longitudinal, Cross-National Analysis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60998961/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/40713697/Homicide_Rates_and_the_Multiple_Dimensions_of_Urbanization_A_Longitudinal_Cross_National_Analysis">Homicide Rates and the Multiple Dimensions of Urbanization: A Longitudinal, Cross-National Analysis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://txstate.academia.edu/NathanPino">Nathan Pino</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://anu-au.academia.edu/JarrettBlaustein">Jarrett Blaustein</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Sustainability</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Sustainability scholars frame urbanization as a multidimensional concept with divergent environme...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Sustainability scholars frame urbanization as a multidimensional concept with divergent environmental impacts. Through synthesizing recent quantitative studies of urbanization in criminology, we evaluated this multidimensional framework in a longitudinal, cross-national analysis of homicide rates for 217 countries between 2000 and 2015. For the analysis, we also highlighted the issue of missing data, a common concern for cross-national scholars in a variety of disciplines. While controlling for other relevant factors, we compared results from panel models that use the common technique of listwise deletion (n = 113) and from structural equation models (SEM) that handle missing values with full information maximum likelihood (n = 216). While the estimates for the control variables are non-significant in the SEM approach, the findings for the urbanization variables were robust and multidimensional. In particular, while the proportion of the population that is urban is positively related to homicide, the proportion of the population living in large cities of at least one million inhabitants is significantly and negatively related to homicide in all models. Given our focus on urbanization, we outline our contribution not only in the context of criminology but also the cross-national sustainability literature, which often uses similar variables with missing values.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-40713697-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-40713697-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/942120/table-1-note-all-variables-except-gini-came-from-the-world"><img alt="Note: All variables except GINI came from the World Development Indicators. The GINI variable came from the Standardized World Income Inequality Database (Solt 2016). Before including in panel models, the values for homicide rate and GDP were logged. Since there are some countries that have “0” homicides (not as missing values), a constant of “1” was added before taking the natural logarithm. Table 1. Univariate summary statistics (unlogged values). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/60998961/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/942127/table-2-cross-national-longitudinal-analysis-of-the"><img alt="Table 2. Cross-national, longitudinal analysis of the predictors of homicide rates, 2000-2015 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/60998961/table_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/942131/table-3-list-of-countries-included-in-the-study"><img alt="Table A1. List of countries included in the study (n = 217) *. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/60998961/table_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/942137/table-4-note-only-one-country-st-martin-french-part-had"><img alt="* Note: Only one country, St. Martin (French Part), had missing values for all variables and all waves; this country is not included in the xtdpdml model using full information maximum likelihood for missing values. This yields a final n = 216 for the xtdpdml models. Table A1. Cont. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/60998961/table_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/942139/table-5-note-the-sample-size-of-countries-included-in-model"><img alt="* Note: The sample size of countries included in Model 1 is n = 113. We use the Stata command xtpcse; like most commonly used panel estimation commands, xtpcse will drop any case that is missing at least one value of a variable in all waves. t Note: Country designated as an OECD member nation. { Note: Country has a population greater than one million. 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Through synthesizing recent quantitative studies of urbanization in criminology, we evaluated this multidimensional framework in a longitudinal, cross-national analysis of homicide rates for 217 countries between 2000 and 2015. For the analysis, we also highlighted the issue of missing data, a common concern for cross-national scholars in a variety of disciplines. While controlling for other relevant factors, we compared results from panel models that use the common technique of listwise deletion (n = 113) and from structural equation models (SEM) that handle missing values with full information maximum likelihood (n = 216). While the estimates for the control variables are non-significant in the SEM approach, the findings for the urbanization variables were robust and multidimensional. In particular, while the proportion of the population that is urban is positively related to homicide, the proportion of the population living in large cities of at least one million inhabitants is significantly and negatively related to homicide in all models. Given our focus on urbanization, we outline our contribution not only in the context of criminology but also the cross-national sustainability literature, which often uses similar variables with missing values.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Sustainability"},"translated_abstract":"Sustainability scholars frame urbanization as a multidimensional concept with divergent environmental impacts. Through synthesizing recent quantitative studies of urbanization in criminology, we evaluated this multidimensional framework in a longitudinal, cross-national analysis of homicide rates for 217 countries between 2000 and 2015. 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Given our focus on urbanization, we outline our contribution not only in the context of criminology but also the cross-national sustainability literature, which often uses similar variables with missing values.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40713697/Homicide_Rates_and_the_Multiple_Dimensions_of_Urbanization_A_Longitudinal_Cross_National_Analysis","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-10-23T16:45:48.878-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":144503,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"book","co_author_tags":[{"id":33192956,"work_id":40713697,"tagging_user_id":144503,"tagged_user_id":113645933,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"m***3@txstate.edu","display_order":-2,"name":"Matthew Thomas Clement","title":"Homicide Rates and the Multiple Dimensions of Urbanization: A Longitudinal, Cross-National Analysis"},{"id":33192957,"work_id":40713697,"tagging_user_id":144503,"tagged_user_id":6786759,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"n***1@txstate.edu","affiliation":"Texas State University","display_order":-1,"name":"Nathan Pino","title":"Homicide Rates and the Multiple Dimensions of Urbanization: A Longitudinal, Cross-National Analysis"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60998961,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60998961/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"sustainability-11-05855-v220191023-825-18o66kc.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60998961/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Homicide_Rates_and_the_Multiple_Dimensio.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/60998961/sustainability-11-05855-v220191023-825-18o66kc-libre.pdf?1571876865=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DHomicide_Rates_and_the_Multiple_Dimensio.pdf\u0026Expires=1743662381\u0026Signature=MBsCNV1UBI4Ypgc2wlnue9SOUtaBPdBOHCRXsUuWJ-QmPOsskXF5P5tVsbL9s87bQDyZ8FiTIxsG6p8xErY4TG-NE5sFvlf4jRCch4zqGPjxMtJjvDxaUyGMT8KzvWwvDAc2v8bupJEDyGOA5RdxzZeIXyuO2atbmv6llBi215FrkTt1huLs7I5QwvmR-jd78FRzWQ2649dHMiV7~kr7JdMwhKSfuzAKQR4lITIdvYzMNHAMyc47HwD5cgLzlvgxJ7RRnMJvoD6AbCT1Y5--M1A1ZtUuyh7d4GfcLUVdkE1yx4sQtD~GBPaktf3bbCGz0gG86duf2QowsuoI~B~p7g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Homicide_Rates_and_the_Multiple_Dimensions_of_Urbanization_A_Longitudinal_Cross_National_Analysis","translated_slug":"","page_count":16,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Sustainability scholars frame urbanization as a multidimensional concept with divergent environmental impacts. Through synthesizing recent quantitative studies of urbanization in criminology, we evaluated this multidimensional framework in a longitudinal, cross-national analysis of homicide rates for 217 countries between 2000 and 2015. For the analysis, we also highlighted the issue of missing data, a common concern for cross-national scholars in a variety of disciplines. While controlling for other relevant factors, we compared results from panel models that use the common technique of listwise deletion (n = 113) and from structural equation models (SEM) that handle missing values with full information maximum likelihood (n = 216). While the estimates for the control variables are non-significant in the SEM approach, the findings for the urbanization variables were robust and multidimensional. In particular, while the proportion of the population that is urban is positively related to homicide, the proportion of the population living in large cities of at least one million inhabitants is significantly and negatively related to homicide in all models. Given our focus on urbanization, we outline our contribution not only in the context of criminology but also the cross-national sustainability literature, which often uses similar variables with missing values.","owner":{"id":144503,"first_name":"Jarrett","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Blaustein","page_name":"JarrettBlaustein","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2010-03-11T21:30:43.931-08:00","display_name":"Jarrett Blaustein","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/JarrettBlaustein"},"attachments":[{"id":60998961,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60998961/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"sustainability-11-05855-v220191023-825-18o66kc.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60998961/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Homicide_Rates_and_the_Multiple_Dimensio.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/60998961/sustainability-11-05855-v220191023-825-18o66kc-libre.pdf?1571876865=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DHomicide_Rates_and_the_Multiple_Dimensio.pdf\u0026Expires=1743662381\u0026Signature=MBsCNV1UBI4Ypgc2wlnue9SOUtaBPdBOHCRXsUuWJ-QmPOsskXF5P5tVsbL9s87bQDyZ8FiTIxsG6p8xErY4TG-NE5sFvlf4jRCch4zqGPjxMtJjvDxaUyGMT8KzvWwvDAc2v8bupJEDyGOA5RdxzZeIXyuO2atbmv6llBi215FrkTt1huLs7I5QwvmR-jd78FRzWQ2649dHMiV7~kr7JdMwhKSfuzAKQR4lITIdvYzMNHAMyc47HwD5cgLzlvgxJ7RRnMJvoD6AbCT1Y5--M1A1ZtUuyh7d4GfcLUVdkE1yx4sQtD~GBPaktf3bbCGz0gG86duf2QowsuoI~B~p7g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":189,"name":"Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology"},{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies"},{"id":2290,"name":"Urbanization in Developing Areas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urbanization_in_Developing_Areas"},{"id":3208,"name":"Homicide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homicide"},{"id":4885,"name":"Structural Equation Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Equation_Modeling"},{"id":73900,"name":"Quantitative criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantitative_criminology"},{"id":572622,"name":"Comparative Cross-National Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Cross-National_Research"},{"id":1208617,"name":"Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainability"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-40713697-figures'); } }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="10790020" id="bookchapters"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44537548"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/44537548/Governing_the_Crime_Development_Nexus_A_Historical_Perspective"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Governing the Crime–Development Nexus: A Historical Perspective" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Governing the Crime–Development Nexus: A Historical Perspective</div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://monash.academia.edu/TomChodor">Tom Chodor</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://txstate.academia.edu/NathanPino">Nathan Pino</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Emerald Handbook of Crime, Justice and Sustainable Development</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This chapter traces the history of global crime governance from the final decades of the nineteen...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This chapter traces the history of global crime governance from the final decades of the nineteenth century to today, with particular attention paid to the United Nations and its crime programme after World War II. It highlights significant changes to the structure and mandate of the UN crime programme over the last 70 years and how UN agencies have helped shape the international crime policy agenda and its focus on development. The chapter then illustrates how vestiges of prevailing beliefs about development and crime and the global political economy that gave rise to them continue to influence the work of the UN system and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) today. In this regard, our analysis highlights some institutional and structural challenges inherent to containing the ‘dark side of globalisation’ together with the ways in which the UN's efforts to do so privilege the interests and understandings of Northern countries. We conclude that these power asymmetries represent an obstacle to the UN's custodianship of criminological targets that feature in the SDGs, but stop short of suggesting that the governance of the crime–development nexus should be viewed as a coherent, neo-colonial project given the institutional weaknesses within the UN system, the ‘Rise of the South’ and the potential for civil society to contest its priorities and agendas</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44537548"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44537548"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44537548; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44537548]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44537548]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44537548; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44537548']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44537548]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44537548,"title":"Governing the Crime–Development Nexus: A Historical Perspective","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1108/978-1-78769-355-520201005","abstract":"This chapter traces the history of global crime governance from the final decades of the nineteenth century to today, with particular attention paid to the United Nations and its crime programme after World War II. 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We conclude that these power asymmetries represent an obstacle to the UN's custodianship of criminological targets that feature in the SDGs, but stop short of suggesting that the governance of the crime–development nexus should be viewed as a coherent, neo-colonial project given the institutional weaknesses within the UN system, the ‘Rise of the South’ and the potential for civil society to contest its priorities and agendas","owner":{"id":26377802,"first_name":"Tom","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Chodor","page_name":"TomChodor","domain_name":"monash","created_at":"2015-02-16T23:00:25.054-08:00","display_name":"Tom Chodor","url":"https://monash.academia.edu/TomChodor"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies"},{"id":3660,"name":"Global Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Governance"},{"id":753722,"name":"Global Crime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Crime"},{"id":1958655,"name":"Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development_Goals_SDGs_"}],"urls":[{"id":9145682,"url":"https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/978-1-78769-355-520201005/full/html"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-44537548-figures'); } }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="20419954" id="booksauthored"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127879337"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/127879337/Unraveling_the_Crime_Development_Nexus"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Unraveling the Crime Development Nexus" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121546978/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/127879337/Unraveling_the_Crime_Development_Nexus">Unraveling the Crime Development Nexus</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://anu-au.academia.edu/Blaustein">Jarrett Blaustein</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://monash.academia.edu/TomChodor">Tom Chodor</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://txstate.academia.edu/NathanPino">Nathan Pino</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Unraveling the Crime-Development Nexus interrogates the claim that crime represents a significant...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Unraveling the Crime-Development Nexus interrogates the claim that crime represents a significant threat to economic development. Combining historical analysis with a unique empirical perspective based on interviews with high-level international crime policy insiders, it accounts for how and why the ‘crime-development nexus’ has been invoked by international actors, including the United Nations, to advance and secure variations of a global capitalist development agenda since the 19th Century.<br /><br />Drawing on perspectives anchored in critical criminology, International Relations, and development studies, Unraveling the Crime Development Nexus reveals that the international crime policy agenda today remains overwhelmingly responsive to those who benefit from the further expansion of neoliberal globalisation, while simultaneously marginalising subordinate actors throughout the ‘developing’ world.<br /><br />The book concludes by considering how international organisations, civil society actors, and major donors might support a more equitable and sustainable model of global crime governance that addresses the structural causes of crime and uneven development at a global level.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cdf46e79fe21e54f9404b1aeea7e81d3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":121546978,"asset_id":127879337,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121546978/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127879337"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127879337"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127879337; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127879337]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127879337]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127879337; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='127879337']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "cdf46e79fe21e54f9404b1aeea7e81d3" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=127879337]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":127879337,"title":"Unraveling the Crime Development Nexus","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Unraveling the Crime-Development Nexus interrogates the claim that crime represents a significant threat to economic development. 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