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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the railroad tunnel in New York City. For tunnels to freedom, see <a href="/wiki/Escape_tunnel" title="Escape tunnel">Escape tunnel</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Freedom_tunnel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Freedom_tunnel.jpg/220px-Freedom_tunnel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Freedom_tunnel.jpg/330px-Freedom_tunnel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Freedom_tunnel.jpg/440px-Freedom_tunnel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption>Most artwork is centered under the light</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Freedom Tunnel</b> is a railroad tunnel carrying the <a href="/wiki/West_Side_Line" title="West Side Line">West Side Line</a> under <a href="/wiki/Riverside_Park_(Manhattan)" title="Riverside Park (Manhattan)">Riverside Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. Used by <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> trains to and from <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Station_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Station (New York City)">Pennsylvania Station</a>, it got its name because the <a href="/wiki/Graffiti_artist" class="mw-redirect" title="Graffiti artist">graffiti artist</a> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Pape" title="Chris Pape">Chris "Freedom" Pape</a> used the tunnel walls to create some of his most notable artwork.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name may also be a reference to the former <a href="/wiki/Shanty_town" title="Shanty town">shantytowns</a> built within the tunnel by <a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">homeless</a> populations seeking shelter and <a href="/wiki/Free_will" title="Free will">freedom</a> to live rent-free and unsupervised by law enforcement.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tunnel runs approximately 2.6 miles (4.2 km), from <a href="/wiki/72nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="72nd Street (Manhattan)">72nd Street</a> to 124th Street.<sup id="cite_ref-Tunnel_People_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tunnel_People-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_Tunnel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Freedom_Tunnel_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Freedom_Tunnel_2.jpg/220px-Freedom_Tunnel_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Freedom_Tunnel_2.jpg/330px-Freedom_Tunnel_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Freedom_Tunnel_2.jpg/440px-Freedom_Tunnel_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption>Exits at many points let in light and noise from the nearby playgrounds and parks.</figcaption></figure> <p>The tunnel was built by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Moses" title="Robert Moses">Robert Moses</a> in the 1930s to expand park space for <a href="/wiki/Upper_West_Side" title="Upper West Side">Upper West Side</a> residents – although the construction of Moses's <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson_Parkway" title="Henry Hudson Parkway">Henry Hudson Parkway</a> in the same area effectively blocked access to the river.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After it was completed, the tunnel was used for freight trains until 1980, when regular operations ended. The railroad favored using yards in the Bronx and New Jersey, and increased use of trucking led to the demise of the <a href="/wiki/West_Side_Line" title="West Side Line">West Side Line</a>. The giant, man-made caverns became a haven for <a href="/wiki/Homeless" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeless">homeless</a> people.<sup id="cite_ref-Tunnel_People_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tunnel_People-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At its height in 1994, nearly a hundred people lived in the tunnel.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Freedom_Tunnel_Shanty.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Freedom_Tunnel_Shanty.jpg/220px-Freedom_Tunnel_Shanty.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Freedom_Tunnel_Shanty.jpg/330px-Freedom_Tunnel_Shanty.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Freedom_Tunnel_Shanty.jpg/440px-Freedom_Tunnel_Shanty.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption>Demolished shantytowns</figcaption></figure> <p>On April 4, 1991, the tunnel was reopened for trains of the Amtrak <a href="/wiki/Empire_Connection" class="mw-redirect" title="Empire Connection">Empire Connection</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a massive eviction followed. The <a href="/wiki/Shantytown" class="mw-redirect" title="Shantytown">shantytowns</a> were bulldozed and the tunnel was chained off.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To this day, however, graffiti artists and <a href="/wiki/Urban_exploration" title="Urban exploration">urban explorers</a> continue to visit the tunnel,<sup id="cite_ref-LTV_Squad_-_Freedom_Tunnel_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LTV_Squad_-_Freedom_Tunnel-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-All_City_New_York_-_Riverside_Park_Tunnel_2009_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-All_City_New_York_-_Riverside_Park_Tunnel_2009-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the homeless population has been mostly displaced.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyulocal_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyulocal-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 2014 and 2015, graffiti artists and urban explorers were sporadically caught and escorted out by <a href="/wiki/Amtrak_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Amtrak Police">Amtrak Police</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artwork">Artwork</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_Tunnel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Artwork"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Freedom_tunnel_coca_cola.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Freedom_tunnel_coca_cola.jpg/220px-Freedom_tunnel_coca_cola.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Freedom_tunnel_coca_cola.jpg/330px-Freedom_tunnel_coca_cola.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Freedom_tunnel_coca_cola.jpg/440px-Freedom_tunnel_coca_cola.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption>Graffiti in the tunnel</figcaption></figure> <p>Over the tunnel's years of disuse, its isolated nature allowed graffiti artists and street artists to work without fear of arrest, leading to larger and more ambitious pieces. The tunnel has unique lighting provided by grates in the sidewalks of <a href="/wiki/Riverside_Park_(Manhattan)" title="Riverside Park (Manhattan)">Riverside Park</a> above the space. The descending shafts of light allow <a href="/wiki/Street_art" title="Street art">graffiti art</a> to be seen in the gloom, and artists would often center their projects under the light to take advantage of the spot-lighting effect, as if in a gallery.<sup id="cite_ref-NYC_Underground:_A_Journey_To_The_Freedom_Tunnel_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYC_Underground:_A_Journey_To_The_Freedom_Tunnel-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After achieving popularity in the book <i><a href="/wiki/Spraycan_Art" title="Spraycan Art">Spraycan Art</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/James_Prigoff" title="James Prigoff">James Prigoff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Chalfant" title="Henry Chalfant">Henry Chalfant</a>, graffiti artists began to flock to the Freedom Tunnel and gained access through a series of broken gates near 103rd Street and Riverside Park. Early artists who left their mark on the tunnel included the duo <a href="/wiki/Sane_Smith" title="Sane Smith">Sane Smith</a>, Ghost, Twist, Dan Plasma, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Cost" title="Adam Cost">Cost</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Revs_(graffiti_artist)" title="Revs (graffiti artist)">Revs</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Until the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Riverside_South_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Riverside South (New York City)">Trump Riverside</a> development, the south end of the tunnel terminated in a large open area. In the 1980s and 1990s, a <a href="/wiki/Tent_city" title="Tent city">tent city</a> with <a href="/wiki/Theft_of_electricity" class="mw-redirect" title="Theft of electricity">pirated electricity</a> and hundreds, perhaps thousands of dwellers existed in the south end of the tunnel. Retired trains were also permanently parked near the south end of the tunnel allowing artists to cover whole cars with paint and murals, even if the cars themselves never left the tunnels.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> However, the homeless population was gradually relocated from the tunnel to other places. "Freedom" dedicated one of the tunnel's murals to the former homeless population there.<sup id="cite_ref-nyulocal_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyulocal-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Freedom_Tunnel.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Freedom_Tunnel.png/220px-Freedom_Tunnel.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Freedom_Tunnel.png/330px-Freedom_Tunnel.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Freedom_Tunnel.png/440px-Freedom_Tunnel.png 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="1757" /></a><figcaption>Seen in 2013</figcaption></figure> <p>Works by "Freedom" remained mostly untouched and respected by taggers. A notable exception was the recreation of <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya">Francisco Goya</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Third_of_May_1808" title="The Third of May 1808">The Third of May</a></i>, which was defaced, but subsequently restored by Freedom.<sup id="cite_ref-All_City_New_York_-_Riverside_Park_Tunnel_2009_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-All_City_New_York_-_Riverside_Park_Tunnel_2009-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, there are numerous other murals on the walls in the 90- and 100-block areas of the tunnel; including a <a href="/wiki/Chiaroscuro" title="Chiaroscuro">chiaroscuro</a> style study of the <i><a href="/wiki/Venus_de_Milo" title="Venus de Milo">Venus de Milo</a></i>, and original portraits rendered with <a href="/wiki/Impressionistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Impressionistic">impressionistic</a> splashes of color. The centerpiece of the tunnel is a mural painted in the style of a comic book that tells an abstract story that seems to reference the relationship of the former residents of the tunnel, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_York_City" title="Government of New York City">the city government</a>, and the police. Other historical pieces range from <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a> to <a href="/wiki/Norman_Rockwell" title="Norman Rockwell">Norman Rockwell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYC_Underground:_A_Journey_To_The_Freedom_Tunnel_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYC_Underground:_A_Journey_To_The_Freedom_Tunnel-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning in late 2009, Amtrak began to aggressively repaint the tunnels in an effort to restore their original appearance. Nearly all of the tunnel's interior walls south of 91st Street were repainted, resulting in many murals disappearing, including the centerpiece mural by Freedom and Smith commemorating the former residents of the tunnel.<sup id="cite_ref-Adventure_Two_-_Freedom_No_More_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adventure_Two_-_Freedom_No_More-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For unknown reasons, Amtrak did not finish repainting the tunnel walls north of 91st Street. Today, all of the walls that were repainted have been covered by new layers of graffiti. </p><p>Around 2010, the <i>Third of May</i> mural suffered major water damage due to a leak in the tunnel directly above.<sup id="cite_ref-All_City_New_York_-_Riverside_Park_Tunnel_2010_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-All_City_New_York_-_Riverside_Park_Tunnel_2010-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Documentaries_and_books">Documentaries and books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_Tunnel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Documentaries and books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Freedom Tunnel and the homeless people that were living there in the mid-1990s are mentioned in numerous book and documentaries; some of the notable ones include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Toth" title="Jennifer Toth">Jennifer Toth</a> documents the homeless residents in her book <i>The Mole People</i> (1993).</li> <li>Photographer <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Morton_(photographer)" title="Margaret Morton (photographer)">Margaret Morton</a> made the photo book <i>The Tunnel</i> (1995).</li> <li>New York City urban exploration researcher Joseph Brennan provided detailed criticism of Toth's claims in his 1996 online article, <i>Fantasy in The Mole People</i>, published on his website dedicated to abandoned New York City underground stations and tunnels. Brennan's article points to a large number of inaccuracies, as well as outright inventions and embellishments in Toth's book, that seem to be aiming for heavily sensationalizing the topic of her book. <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Singer_(documentarian)" title="Marc Singer (documentarian)">Marc Singer</a> made the documentary <i><a href="/wiki/Dark_Days_(film)" title="Dark Days (film)">Dark Days</a></i> (2000) about the tunnel, using footage shot in the mid-1990s. Singer's later visit to the tunnel in 2011 is included in the film's 10th anniversary DVD release.</li> <li>Anthropologist and journalist <a href="/wiki/Teun_Voeten" title="Teun Voeten">Teun Voeten</a> wrote the very detailed <i><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_People" title="Tunnel People">Tunnel People</a></i> (2010).</li> <li>Explorer and writer Moses Gates describes his multiple encounters with other urban explorers and homeless people including one who resided in the tunnel for over thirty years in his book <i>Hidden Cities</i> (2013).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_Tunnel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Graffiti_in_the_United_States" title="Graffiti in the United States">Graffiti in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_exploration" title="Urban exploration">Urban exploration</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_Tunnel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208082653/http://www.industrialnewyork.com/rail/2005-1-10-freedomtunnel/index.shtml">"Amtrak "Freedom" Tunnel"</a>. <i>industrialnewyork.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.industrialnewyork.com/rail/2005-1-10-freedomtunnel/index.shtml">the original</a> on December 8, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=industrialnewyork.com&rft.atitle=Amtrak+%22Freedom%22+Tunnel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.industrialnewyork.com%2Frail%2F2005-1-10-freedomtunnel%2Findex.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreedom+Tunnel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.workingdefinition.com/Thesis/Archived.pdf">Mind Tracks: Modern Urban Undergrounds in Life, Literature, and Art</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> Chapter 10. 2004. Retrieved July 25, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Tunnel.</i> By Morton, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-590-69149-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-590-69149-X">0-590-69149-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tunnel_People-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tunnel_People_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tunnel_People_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVoeten2010" class="citation book cs1">Voeten, Teun (2010). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tunnelpeople0000voet"><i>Tunnel People</i></a></span>. Oakland, CA: PM Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tunnelpeople0000voet/page/2">2</a>–4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60486-448-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60486-448-9"><bdi>978-1-60486-448-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tunnel+People&rft.place=Oakland%2C+CA&rft.pages=2-4&rft.pub=PM+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-60486-448-9&rft.aulast=Voeten&rft.aufirst=Teun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftunnelpeople0000voet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreedom+Tunnel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaro1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Caro" title="Robert Caro">Caro, Robert</a> (1974). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Power_Broker" title="The Power Broker">The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York</a></i>. New York: Knopf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-48076-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-48076-3"><bdi>978-0-394-48076-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/834874">834874</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Power+Broker%3A+Robert+Moses+and+the+Fall+of+New+York&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F834874&rft.isbn=978-0-394-48076-3&rft.aulast=Caro&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreedom+Tunnel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorton1995" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Morton_(photographer)" title="Margaret Morton (photographer)">Morton, Margaret</a> (October 7, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/07/opinion/homes-for-the-invisible.html">"Homes for the Invisible"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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March 2, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LTVSquad&rft.atitle=LTV+Squad-+Freedom+Tunnel&rft.date=2012-03-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fltvsquad.com%2F2012%2F03%2F01%2Ffreedom-tunnel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreedom+Tunnel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-All_City_New_York_-_Riverside_Park_Tunnel_2009-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-All_City_New_York_-_Riverside_Park_Tunnel_2009_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-All_City_New_York_-_Riverside_Park_Tunnel_2009_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://walk.allcitynewyork.com/2009/02/riverside-tunnel-2009.html">"Riverside Park Tunnel – 2009"</a>. <i>All City New York</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=All+City+New+York&rft.atitle=Riverside+Park+Tunnel+%E2%80%93+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwalk.allcitynewyork.com%2F2009%2F02%2Friverside-tunnel-2009.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreedom+Tunnel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ny.curbed.com/archives/2013/03/21/exploring_an_active_amtrak_tunnel_under_the_upper_west_side.php">"Exploring an Active Amtrak Tunnel Under the Upper West Side"</a>. <i>Curbed NY</i>. March 21, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Curbed+NY&rft.atitle=Exploring+an+Active+Amtrak+Tunnel+Under+the+Upper+West+Side&rft.date=2013-03-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fny.curbed.com%2Farchives%2F2013%2F03%2F21%2Fexploring_an_active_amtrak_tunnel_under_the_upper_west_side.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreedom+Tunnel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyulocal-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyulocal_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyulocal_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055713/http://nyulocal.com/city/2014/09/09/the-freedom-tunnel-a-haven-for-urban-art/">"The Freedom Tunnel— A Haven For Urban Art – NYU Local"</a>. <i>NYU Local</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nyulocal.com/city/2014/09/09/the-freedom-tunnel-a-haven-for-urban-art/">the original</a> on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NYU+Local&rft.atitle=The+Freedom+Tunnel%E2%80%94+A+Haven+For+Urban+Art+%E2%80%93+NYU+Local&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnyulocal.com%2Fcity%2F2014%2F09%2F09%2Fthe-freedom-tunnel-a-haven-for-urban-art%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreedom+Tunnel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weareallcriminals.org/student-trespassing/">"Student Trespassing"</a>. <i>We are All Criminals</i>. July 10, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=We+are+All+Criminals&rft.atitle=Student+Trespassing&rft.date=2013-07-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weareallcriminals.org%2Fstudent-trespassing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreedom+Tunnel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYC_Underground:_A_Journey_To_The_Freedom_Tunnel-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYC_Underground:_A_Journey_To_The_Freedom_Tunnel_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYC_Underground:_A_Journey_To_The_Freedom_Tunnel_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hyperallergic.com/29451/nyc-underground-a-journey-to-the-freedom-tunnel/">"NYC Underground: A Journey To The Freedom Tunnel"</a>. July 14, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NYC+Underground%3A+A+Journey+To+The+Freedom+Tunnel&rft.date=2011-07-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhyperallergic.com%2F29451%2Fnyc-underground-a-journey-to-the-freedom-tunnel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreedom+Tunnel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Adventure_Two_-_Freedom_No_More-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Adventure_Two_-_Freedom_No_More_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110210081908/http://www.adventuretwo.net/stories/freedom-no-more">"Freedom No More"</a>. <i>Adventure Two</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adventuretwo.net/stories/freedom-no-more">the original</a> on February 10, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adventure+Two&rft.atitle=Freedom+No+More&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adventuretwo.net%2Fstories%2Ffreedom-no-more&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreedom+Tunnel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-All_City_New_York_-_Riverside_Park_Tunnel_2010-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-All_City_New_York_-_Riverside_Park_Tunnel_2010_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://walk.allcitynewyork.com/2010/08/riverside-park-tunnel-2010.html">"Riverside Park Tunnel – 2010"</a>. <i>All City New York</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=All+City+New+York&rft.atitle=Riverside+Park+Tunnel+%E2%80%93+2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwalk.allcitynewyork.com%2F2010%2F08%2Friverside-park-tunnel-2010.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreedom+Tunnel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrennan1996" class="citation web cs1">Brennan, Joseph (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.columbia.edu/~brennan/abandoned/mole-people.html">"Fantasy in <i>The Mole People</i>"</a>. <i>Abandoned Stations (by Joseph Brennan)</i>. Joseph Brennan, Columbia.edu/~brennan<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Abandoned+Stations+%28by+Joseph+Brennan%29&rft.atitle=Fantasy+in+The+Mole+People&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Brennan&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbia.edu%2F~brennan%2Fabandoned%2Fmole-people.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreedom+Tunnel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_Tunnel&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096941587">.mw-parser-output .attached-kml-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .attached-kml-error 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in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vehicular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bridges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton_Bridge" title="Alexander Hamilton Bridge">Alexander Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayonne_Bridge" title="Bayonne Bridge">Bayonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_Bridge_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway Bridge (Manhattan)">Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge" title="Brooklyn Bridge">Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronx%E2%80%93Whitestone_Bridge" title="Bronx–Whitestone Bridge">Bronx–Whitestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_Street_Bridge" title="Carroll Street Bridge">Carroll Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Island_Bridge" title="City Island Bridge">City Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_Bay_Veterans_Memorial_Bridge" title="Cross Bay Veterans Memorial Bridge">Cross Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Street_Bridge" title="Grand Street Bridge">Grand Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge" title="George Washington Bridge">George Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goethals_Bridge" title="Goethals Bridge">Goethals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goethals_Bridge_(1928%E2%80%932017)" title="Goethals Bridge (1928–2017)">1928–2017</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenpoint_Avenue_Bridge" title="Greenpoint Avenue Bridge">Greenpoint Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson_Bridge" title="Henry Hudson Bridge">Henry Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Addabbo_Memorial_Bridge" title="Joseph P. Addabbo Memorial Bridge">Joseph P. Addabbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosciuszko_Bridge" title="Kosciuszko Bridge">Kosciuszko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macombs_Dam_Bridge" title="Macombs Dam Bridge">Macombs Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Avenue_Bridge" title="Madison Avenue Bridge">Madison Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Bridge" title="Manhattan Bridge">Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_Basin_Bridge" title="Mill Basin Bridge">Mill Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Parkway%E2%80%93Gil_Hodges_Memorial_Bridge" title="Marine Parkway–Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge">Marine Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outerbridge_Crossing" title="Outerbridge Crossing">Outerbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_Viaduct" title="Park Avenue Viaduct">Park Avenue Viaduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelham_Bridge" title="Pelham Bridge">Pelham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaski_Bridge" title="Pulaski Bridge">Pulaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queensboro_Bridge" title="Queensboro Bridge">Queensboro (Ed Koch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rikers_Island_Bridge" title="Rikers Island Bridge">Rikers Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Bridge" title="Robert F. Kennedy Bridge">Robert F. Kennedy (Triborough)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Island_Bridge" title="Roosevelt Island Bridge">Roosevelt Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Avenue_Bridge_(New_York_City)" title="Third Avenue Bridge (New York City)">Third Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throgs_Neck_Bridge" title="Throgs Neck Bridge">Throgs Neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Street_Bridge" title="Union Street Bridge">Union Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Heights_Bridge" title="University Heights Bridge">University Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verrazzano-Narrows_Bridge" title="Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge">Verrazzano-Narrows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Bridge_(Harlem_River)" title="Washington Bridge (Harlem River)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamsburg_Bridge" title="Williamsburg Bridge">Williamsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_Avenue_Bridge" title="Willis Avenue Bridge">Willis Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/145th_Street_Bridge" title="145th Street Bridge">145th Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tunnels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battery_Park_Underpass" title="Battery Park Underpass">Battery Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland_Tunnel" title="Holland Tunnel">Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn%E2%80%93Battery_Tunnel" title="Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel">Brooklyn–Battery (Hugh L. Carey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Tunnel" title="Lincoln Tunnel">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens%E2%80%93Midtown_Tunnel" title="Queens–Midtown Tunnel">Queens–Midtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_Tunnel_(roadway)" title="Park Avenue Tunnel (roadway)">Park Avenue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pedestrian only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Bridges" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bridges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bow_Bridge_(Central_Park)" title="Bow Bridge (Central Park)">Bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Bridge_(New_York_City)" title="High Bridge (New York City)">High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hook_Creek_Bridge" title="Hook Creek Bridge">Hook Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squibb_Park_Bridge" title="Squibb Park Bridge">Squibb Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wards_Island_Bridge" title="Wards Island Bridge">Wards Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Street_pedestrian_bridges" title="West Street pedestrian bridges">West Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Railroad<br />and subway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bridges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kill_Vertical_Lift_Bridge" title="Arthur Kill Vertical Lift Bridge">Arthur Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_Bridge_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway Bridge (Manhattan)">Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_River_Lift_Bridge" title="Harlem River Lift Bridge">Harlem River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hell_Gate_Bridge" title="Hell Gate Bridge">Hell Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Bridge" title="Manhattan Bridge">Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelham_Bay_Bridge" title="Pelham Bay Bridge">Pelham Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Channel_Bridge_(NYC_Subway)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Channel Bridge (NYC Subway)">South Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spuyten_Duyvil_Bridge" title="Spuyten Duyvil Bridge">Spuyten Duyvil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamsburg_Bridge" title="Williamsburg Bridge">Williamsburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tunnels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/14th_Street_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="14th Street Tunnel">14th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53rd_Street_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="53rd Street Tunnel">53rd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60th_Street_Tunnel" title="60th Street Tunnel">60th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/63rd_Street_Tunnel" title="63rd Street Tunnel">63rd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/149th_Street_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="149th Street Tunnel">149th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Street_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Clark Street Tunnel">Clark Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concourse_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Concourse Tunnel">Concourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranberry_Street_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Cranberry Street Tunnel">Cranberry Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Hudson_Tubes" title="Downtown Hudson Tubes">Downtown Hudson Tubes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_River_Tunnels" title="East River Tunnels">East River</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joralemon_Street_Tunnel" title="Joralemon Street Tunnel">Joralemon Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lexington Avenue Tunnel">Lexington Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montague_Street_Tunnel" title="Montague Street Tunnel">Montague Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_River_Tunnels" title="North River Tunnels">North River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_main_line" title="Park Avenue main line">Park Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutgers_Street_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutgers Street Tunnel">Rutgers Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steinway_Tunnel" title="Steinway Tunnel">Steinway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uptown_Hudson_Tubes" title="Uptown Hudson Tubes">Uptown Hudson Tubes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Transportation" title="New York City Department of Transportation">NYC Department of Transportation (NYCDOT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Department_of_Transportation" title="New York State Department of Transportation">NYS Department of Transportation (NYSDOT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTA_Bridges_and_Tunnels" title="MTA Bridges and Tunnels">MTA Bridges and Tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">MTA New York City Subway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port Authority of New York and New Jersey">Port Authority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PATH_(rail_system)" title="PATH (rail system)">PATH Train</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Housing_rights_in_New_York" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="white-space:nowrap;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Housing_rights_in_New_York" title="Template:Housing rights in New York"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Housing_rights_in_New_York" title="Template talk:Housing rights in New York"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Housing_rights_in_New_York" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Housing rights in New York"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Housing_rights_in_New_York" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Housing rights in New York</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government<br /> agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Buildings" title="New York City Department of Buildings">NYC Department of Buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Homeless_Services" title="New York City Department of Homeless Services">NYC Department of Homeless Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Housing_Preservation_and_Development" title="New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development">NYC Department of Housing Preservation and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Housing_Authority" title="New York City Housing Authority">NYC Housing Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Housing_Authority_Police_Department" title="New York City Housing Authority Police Department">NYC Housing Authority Police Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Loft_Board" title="New York City Loft Board">NYC Loft Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department_Housing_Bureau" title="New York City Police Department Housing Bureau"> NYPD Housing Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Legislature" title="New York State Legislature">New York State Legislature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New York<br /> State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rent_regulation_in_New_York" title="Rent regulation in New York">Rent regulation in New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callahan_v._Carey" title="Callahan v. Carey">Callahan v. Carey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_Stability_and_Tenant_Protection_Act_of_2019" title="Housing Stability and Tenant Protection Act of 2019">Housing Stability and Tenant Protection Act of 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell%E2%80%93Lama_Housing_Program" title="Mitchell–Lama Housing Program">Mitchell–Lama Housing Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Tenement_House_Act" title="New York State Tenement House Act">New York State Tenement House Act</a> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Law_Tenement" title="Old Law Tenement">Old Law Tenement</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Law_Tenement" title="New Law Tenement">New Law Tenement</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New York<br /> City</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/421-a_tax_exemption" title="421-a tax exemption">421-a tax exemption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Loft_Law" title="1982 Loft Law">1982 Loft Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Loft_Law_Amendment" title="2009 Loft Law Amendment">2009 Loft Law Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_7A_(New_York_City_housing_code)" title="Article 7A (New York City housing code)">Article 7A (New York City housing code)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Law_45_of_1976" title="Local Law 45 of 1976">Local Law 45 of 1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Law_97_of_2019" title="Local Law 97 of 2019">Local Law 97 of 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-Certification_(New_York_City_Department_of_Buildings)" title="Self-Certification (New York City Department of Buildings)">Self-Certification (New York City Department of Buildings)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Land_Use_Review_Procedure" title="Uniform Land Use Review Procedure">Uniform Land Use Review Procedure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-/<br />governmental<br /> organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Forney_Center" title="Ali Forney Center">Ali Forney Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_for_Equality" title="Asian Americans for Equality">Asian Americans for Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_a_Better_New_York" title="Association for a Better New York">Association for a Better New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breaking_Ground" title="Breaking Ground">Breaking Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bowery_Mission" title="The Bowery Mission">The Bowery Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Housing_and_Planning_Council" title="Citizens Housing and Planning Council">Citizens Housing and Planning Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Heights_Tenant_Union" title="Crown Heights Tenant Union">Crown Heights Tenant Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homes_for_the_Homeless" title="Homes for the Homeless">Homes for the Homeless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_Works" title="Housing Works">Housing Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Council_on_Housing" title="Metropolitan Council on Housing">Metropolitan Council on Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Justice_in_el_Barrio" title="Movement for Justice in el Barrio">Movement for Justice in el Barrio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_New_York" title="Open New York">Open New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palladia_(social_services_organization)" title="Palladia (social services organization)">Palladia (social services organization)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picture_the_Homeless" title="Picture the Homeless">Picture the Homeless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Estate_Board_of_New_York" title="Real Estate Board of New York">Real Estate Board of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rent_Is_Too_Damn_High_Party" title="Rent Is Too Damn High Party">Rent Is Too Damn High Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_for_Families" title="Sanctuary for Families">Sanctuary for Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Homesteading_Assistance_Board" title="Urban Homesteading Assistance Board">Urban Homesteading Assistance Board</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Squatting and<br /> homesteading</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/519_East_11th_Street" title="519 East 11th Street">519 East 11th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_No_Rio" title="ABC No Rio">ABC No Rio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-Squat" title="C-Squat">C-Squat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charas/El_Bohio" title="Charas/El Bohio">Charas/El Bohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dos_Blockos" title="Dos Blockos">Dos Blockos</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Freedom Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gowanus_Batcave" title="Gowanus Batcave">Gowanus Batcave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Reclaimed_Urban_Space" title="Museum of Reclaimed Urban Space">Museum of Reclaimed Urban Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Move-In" title="Operation Move-In">Operation Move-In</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbrella_House" title="Umbrella House">Umbrella House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Housing rights<br /> activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Goldin" title="Frances Goldin">Frances Goldin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_M._Rice" title="Florence M. Rice">Florence M. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton_Phelps_Stokes" title="Isaac Newton Phelps Stokes">Isaac Newton Phelps Stokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Gray" title="Jesse Gray">Jesse Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_DeFilippis" title="Joseph DeFilippis">Joseph DeFilippis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitch_Snyder" title="Mitch Snyder">Mitch Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Newman_(labor_activist)" title="Pauline Newman (labor activist)">Pauline Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosanne_Haggerty" title="Rosanne Haggerty">Rosanne Haggerty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_M._Isaacs" title="Stanley M. Isaacs">Stanley M. Isaacs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_Limits_(New_York_magazine)" title="City Limits (New York magazine)">City Limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Days_(film)" title="Dark Days (film)">Dark Days (film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_the_Other_Half_Lives" title="How the Other Half Lives">How the Other Half Lives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_City:_Lower_East_Side_Squatters_1992%E2%80%932000" title="Kill City: Lower East Side Squatters 1992–2000">Kill City: Lower East Side Squatters 1992–2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-Third_of_a_Nation" title="One-Third of a Nation">One-Third of a Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Lives" title="Project Lives">Project Lives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rent_(musical)" title="Rent (musical)">Rent (musical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_City_We_Became" title="The City We Became">The City We Became</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Rent_War" title="Anti-Rent War">1839-1845 Anti-Rent War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_New_York_City_Rent_Strike" class="mw-redirect" title="1904 New York City Rent Strike">1904 New York City Rent Strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1907_New_York_City_Rent_Strike" class="mw-redirect" title="1907 New York City Rent Strike">1907 New York City Rent Strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918-20_New_York_City_rent_strikes" class="mw-redirect" title="1918-20 New York City rent strikes">1918-20 New York City rent strikes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_New_York" title="Homelessness in New York">Homelessness in New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Involuntary_hospitalization_of_Joyce_Brown" title="Involuntary hospitalization of Joyce Brown">Involuntary hospitalization of Joyce Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_housing_shortage" title="New York City housing shortage">New York City housing shortage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Freedom_Tunnel&oldid=1260799035">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Freedom_Tunnel&oldid=1260799035</a>"</div></div> <div 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