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.geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=University_Heights_Bridge&params=40_51_46_N_73_54_54_W_type:landmark_region:US">40°51′46″N 73°54′54″W / 40.86278°N 73.91500°W / 40.86278; -73.91500</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Bridge in New York City</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn org">University Heights Bridge</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:2014_University_Heights_Bridge_from_University_Heights_train_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/2014_University_Heights_Bridge_from_University_Heights_train_station.jpg/325px-2014_University_Heights_Bridge_from_University_Heights_train_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="325" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/2014_University_Heights_Bridge_from_University_Heights_train_station.jpg/488px-2014_University_Heights_Bridge_from_University_Heights_train_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/2014_University_Heights_Bridge_from_University_Heights_train_station.jpg/650px-2014_University_Heights_Bridge_from_University_Heights_train_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4343" data-file-height="1833" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">from the <a href="/wiki/University_Heights_station" title="University Heights station">University Heights Metro-North station</a> (2014)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=University_Heights_Bridge&params=40_51_46_N_73_54_54_W_type:landmark_region:US">40°51′46″N 73°54′54″W / 40.86278°N 73.91500°W / 40.86278; -73.91500</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Carries</th><td class="infobox-data">4 lanes of <a href="/wiki/Roadway" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadway">roadway</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Crosses</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harlem_River" title="Harlem River">Harlem River</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Locale</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">the Bronx</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other name(s)</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">207th Street Bridge</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maintained by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Transportation" title="New York City Department of Transportation">New York City Department of Transportation</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">Characteristics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Design</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Swing_bridge" title="Swing bridge">Swing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total length</th><td class="infobox-data">1,566 ft (477 m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width</th><td class="infobox-data">50 ft (15 m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Longest span</th><td class="infobox-data">264 to 270 ft (80 to 82 m)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opened</th><td class="infobox-data">1895 (Harlem River Ship Canal) January 8, 1908 (University Heights)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">Statistics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Annual_average_daily_traffic" title="Annual average daily traffic">Daily traffic</a></th><td class="infobox-data">40,078 (2016)<a href="#cite_note-nycdot16-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #FFE978; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmark" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City Landmark">New York City Landmark</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">September 11, 1984<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._1-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data">1455<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._1-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">Location</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-lat="40.862777777778" data-lon="-73.915" data-overlays="["_9d32fd9718df03fbf487fdd5fbce77ebf472a0ef"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/10/40.862777777778/-73.915/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,40.862777777778,-73.915,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=University_Heights_Bridge&revid=1247274671&groups=_9d32fd9718df03fbf487fdd5fbce77ebf472a0ef" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,40.862777777778,-73.915,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=University_Heights_Bridge&revid=1247274671&groups=_9d32fd9718df03fbf487fdd5fbce77ebf472a0ef 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> The University Heights Bridge is a <a href="/wiki/Truss" title="Truss">steel-truss</a> revolving <a href="/wiki/Swing_bridge" title="Swing bridge">swing bridge</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Harlem_River" title="Harlem River">Harlem River</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. It connects <a href="/wiki/207th_Street_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="207th Street (Manhattan)">West 207th Street</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Inwood,_Manhattan" title="Inwood, Manhattan">Inwood</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> with <a href="/wiki/Fordham_Road" title="Fordham Road">West Fordham Road</a> in the <a href="/wiki/University_Heights,_Bronx" title="University Heights, Bronx">University Heights</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">the Bronx</a>. The bridge is operated and maintained by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Transportation" title="New York City Department of Transportation">New York City Department of Transportation</a>. The bridge carries two lanes of traffic in each direction, along with a sidewalk on its southern side. The bridge has three masonry <a href="/wiki/Pier_(architecture)" title="Pier (architecture)">piers</a> supporting the steel approach spans. The sidewalk features four shelters with cast-iron supports while the bridge deck has decorative iron railings and two stone pavilions. The bridge structure was originally installed further to the north, carrying <a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Harlem_River_Ship_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Harlem River Ship Canal">Harlem River Ship Canal</a>. It opened in 1895 as the <a href="/wiki/Harlem_Ship_Canal_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Harlem Ship Canal Bridge">Harlem Ship Canal Bridge</a> and was relocated southward to University Heights in 1908. Over the following decades, the University Heights Bridge carried streetcar and bus service. By the late 20th century it was in disrepair. The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission</a> designated the University Heights Bridge as a city landmark in 1984, and it was completely rebuilt between 1989 and 1992. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Heights_Bridge&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description">edit</a>]</div> The University Heights Bridge, a <a href="/wiki/Swing_bridge" title="Swing bridge">swing bridge</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Harlem_River" title="Harlem River">Harlem River</a>, connects West <a href="/wiki/207th_Street_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="207th Street (Manhattan)">207th Street</a> in <a href="/wiki/Inwood,_Manhattan" title="Inwood, Manhattan">Inwood, Manhattan</a>, with West <a href="/wiki/Fordham_Road" title="Fordham Road">Fordham Road</a> in <a href="/wiki/University_Heights,_Bronx" title="University Heights, Bronx">University Heights, Bronx</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYCityMap-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-aia5-4">[4]</a> The movable central span pivots around a small masonry island in the middle of the river. The movable section is designed as a metal <a href="/wiki/Truss_bridge" title="Truss bridge">truss bridge</a> composed of numerous <a href="/wiki/Howe_truss" title="Howe truss">Howe trusses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Warren_truss" title="Warren truss">Warren trusses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._5-5">[5]</a> The University Heights Bridge carries the <a href="/wiki/List_of_bus_routes_in_the_Bronx#Bx12" title="List of bus routes in the Bronx">Bx12</a> local and <a href="/wiki/Select_Bus_Service" title="Select Bus Service">Select Bus Service</a> bus routes operated by <a href="/wiki/MTA_New_York_City_Transit" class="mw-redirect" title="MTA New York City Transit">MTA New York City Transit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Average_Weekday_NYC_Transit_Bus_Ridership-6">[6]</a> Between 2000 and 2014, the bridge opened for vessels 114 times.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The bridge was designed by consulting engineer <a href="/wiki/William_Hubert_Burr" title="William Hubert Burr">William Hubert Burr</a>,<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._2-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-landmarks-10">[10]</a> who later became consulting engineer at several other bridge and tunnel projects, mostly in the New York City area.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._3-11">[11]</a> Burr was posthumously described as "one of the engineers who helped to raise the level of American building technology to the status of exact science".<a href="#cite_note-Condit_1960-12">[12]</a> Burr also gave credit to <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Pancoast_Boller" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Pancoast Boller">Alfred Pancoast Boller</a>, who was responsible for the bridge's aesthetics, and George W. Birdsall, chief engineer of the Department of Public Works.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._2-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-landmarks-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19900225-13">[13]</a> Boller had been involved in the design of several other Harlem River bridges, including the <a href="/wiki/Madison_Avenue_Bridge" title="Madison Avenue Bridge">Madison Avenue Bridge</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Macombs_Dam_Bridge" title="Macombs Dam Bridge">Macombs Dam Bridge</a>,<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._2-8">[8]</a> and was also a consulting engineer or designer for numerous other bridges across the world.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._4-14">[14]</a> He had stated in 1877 that, by including ornamental detail in bridge designs, "the appearance of a roadway-bridge having sidewalks is very much enhanced, and at a very small cost."<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Birdsall appears to have been given <a href="/wiki/Ex_officio_member" title="Ex officio member">ex officio</a> credit, by virtue of his position as Public Works chief engineer.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._4-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Original_site">Original site</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Heights_Bridge&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Original site">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronx_transit_and_landmarks_in_1896_(NY_Times)_-_re-tinted_Marble_Hill_detail.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Bronx_transit_and_landmarks_in_1896_%28NY_Times%29_-_re-tinted_Marble_Hill_detail.png/170px-Bronx_transit_and_landmarks_in_1896_%28NY_Times%29_-_re-tinted_Marble_Hill_detail.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Bronx_transit_and_landmarks_in_1896_%28NY_Times%29_-_re-tinted_Marble_Hill_detail.png/255px-Bronx_transit_and_landmarks_in_1896_%28NY_Times%29_-_re-tinted_Marble_Hill_detail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Bronx_transit_and_landmarks_in_1896_%28NY_Times%29_-_re-tinted_Marble_Hill_detail.png/340px-Bronx_transit_and_landmarks_in_1896_%28NY_Times%29_-_re-tinted_Marble_Hill_detail.png 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="955" /></a><figcaption>Detail from an 1896 map, showing Marble Hill (pink) as an island. The bridge originally connected Marble Hill with Inwood (orange). In 1908 the bridge was moved south, connecting Inwood with the Bronx (white) to the east.</figcaption></figure> From 1895 to 1905, the bridge structure was situated on the <a href="/wiki/Harlem_River_Ship_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Harlem River Ship Canal">Harlem River Ship Canal</a> further north, during which time it was known as the Harlem Ship Canal Bridge. It carried <a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a> between the Inwood and <a href="/wiki/Marble_Hill,_Manhattan" title="Marble Hill, Manhattan">Marble Hill</a> neighborhoods of Manhattan.<a href="#cite_note-aia5-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCL_pp._1-2-16">[16]</a> Prior to the construction of the Harlem River Ship Canal, Marble Hill was part of Manhattan Island, and the Spuyten Duyvil Creek made a tight curve around the northern shore of Marble Hill, connecting the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a> on the west shore of Manhattan Island with <a href="/wiki/Harlem_River" title="Harlem River">Harlem River</a> on the east shore.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._2-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kadinsky2016-17">[17]</a> Marble Hill was separated from Manhattan Island when the canal opened in 1895.<a href="#cite_note-NYCPks-SpuytenDuyvilCrk-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-HarlemCanalOpen-Jun171895-20">[20]</a> The Harlem Ship Canal Bridge measured 551 feet (168 m) from end to end,<a href="#cite_note-Burr_p._3-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19000527-22">[22]</a> or 483 feet (147 m) excluding stone abutments.<a href="#cite_note-ER_p._116-23">[23]</a> It was constructed with four sections supported by three masonry <a href="/wiki/Pier_(architecture)" title="Pier (architecture)">piers</a>. The two central sections comprised the swing span, which pivoted around a small masonry island in the middle of the canal. On either side of the masonry island were navigable openings that measured 104 feet 1 inch (31.72 m) wide at mean high water.<a href="#cite_note-Burr_p._3-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-ER_p._116-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt18930201-24">[24]</a> The swing span was approached by two 100-foot-long (30 m) approach structures, as well as stone abutments.<a href="#cite_note-Burr_p._3-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-ER_p._116-23">[23]</a> The bridge had a total width of 50 feet (15 m), with a roadway of 33.5 feet (10.2 m) and two sidewalks of 8.25 feet (2.51 m).<a href="#cite_note-nyt18930201-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-Burr_p._4-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-ER_p._116-23">[23]</a> The bridge weighed 1,200 short tons (1,100 long tons; 1,100 t), with the machinery comprising one-sixth of the weight.<a href="#cite_note-tribune19040814-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_site">Current site</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Heights_Bridge&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Current site">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014_University_Heights_Bridge_sidewalk_shelters_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/2014_University_Heights_Bridge_sidewalk_shelters_3.jpg/170px-2014_University_Heights_Bridge_sidewalk_shelters_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/2014_University_Heights_Bridge_sidewalk_shelters_3.jpg/255px-2014_University_Heights_Bridge_sidewalk_shelters_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/2014_University_Heights_Bridge_sidewalk_shelters_3.jpg/340px-2014_University_Heights_Bridge_sidewalk_shelters_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4385" /></a><figcaption>Sidewalk shelters</figcaption></figure> The University Heights Bridge is composed of five sections. The easternmost section and the two westernmost sections are fixed-deck Warren trusses, while the central sections comprise the swing span above the Harlem River. The westernmost approach span was made for the 207th Street location, while the other spans were carried over from their original Broadway location.<a href="#cite_note-landmarks-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._7-27">[27]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Transportation" title="New York City Department of Transportation">New York City Department of Transportation</a> (NYCDOT), which maintains the bridge, its total length is 1,566 feet (477 m), including its approach spans. The bridge carries four lanes for vehicular traffic and a sidewalk on the southern side for pedestrians.<a href="#cite_note-NYCDOT1-28">[28]</a> The deck previously had two sidewalks, each 5.67 feet (2 m) wide.<a href="#cite_note-NYCDOT1-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-New_York_(N.Y.)._Board_of_Aldermen_New_York_(N.Y.)._Common_Council_1905_p._800-29">[29]</a> The northern sidewalk was eliminated during the 1989–1992 renovation and the southern sidewalk widened to 8 feet (2.4 m).<a href="#cite_note-nydn19890208-30">[30]</a> The swing span is variously cited as being 264 feet (80 m)<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._7-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCDOT1-28">[28]</a> or 270 feet (82 m) long.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19900225-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Berlow_2015_p._294-31">[31]</a> The swing span's trusswork consists of concave <a href="/wiki/Chord_(truss_construction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chord (truss construction)">chords</a> running along the top. The chords taper up toward a square section in the center of the span, which is topped by four <a href="/wiki/Finial" title="Finial">finials</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._7-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Berlow_2015_p._294-31">[31]</a> The swing span can be rotated around a tower below the center of the deck, which in turn is on the small masonry island.<a href="#cite_note-NYCDOT1-28">[28]</a> The rotating tower is about 50 feet (15 m) in diameter and is anchored into the bedrock beneath the Harlem River.<a href="#cite_note-tribune19040814-26">[26]</a> The swing span is supported by three piers, one in the center of the river and one on each bank; these piers are made of concrete and faced with <a href="/wiki/Ashlar" title="Ashlar">ashlar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19900225-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._7-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Berlow_2015_p._294-31">[31]</a> At either end of the bridge's approach spans are concrete ramps with walls made of granite ashlar.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._7-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCDOT1-28">[28]</a> The western end of the bridge is at 207th Street's intersection with <a href="/wiki/Ninth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Ninth Avenue (Manhattan)">Ninth Avenue</a>. At the eastern end of the bridge, an overpass crosses the <a href="/wiki/Metro-North_Railroad" title="Metro-North Railroad">Metro-North Railroad</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Line_(Metro-North)" title="Hudson Line (Metro-North)">Hudson Line</a>, and an entrance to the line's <a href="/wiki/University_Heights_station" title="University Heights station">University Heights station</a> leads from the sidewalk. The overpass continues as Fordham Road, which intersects with the on- and off-ramps of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_87_(New_York)" title="Interstate 87 (New York)">Interstate 87</a> (I-87), the Major Deegan Expressway.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> On either bank of the river is an iron, copper, and stone shelter house with a red tile roof.<a href="#cite_note-landmarks-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19900225-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-nycland-33">[33]</a> The shelter house on the east bank is north of the roadway, while that on the west bank is south of the roadway.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._7-27">[27]</a> There are drawbridge gates near these end piers, blocking off access to the swing span when it is open for maritime traffic. Many of the original railings have been replaced. The bridge's sidewalk contains four <a href="/wiki/Pergola" title="Pergola">pergolas</a> or shelters, two on each bank of the river. The pergolas each consist of six cast-iron columns with elliptical wrought-iron arches, as well as <a href="/wiki/Hip_roof" title="Hip roof">hip roofs</a> with copper shingles.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._7-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Heights_Bridge&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For further details on the history of the bridge structure prior to 1905, see <a href="/wiki/Broadway_Bridge_(Manhattan)#First_span" title="Broadway Bridge (Manhattan)">Broadway Bridge (Manhattan) § First span</a>.</div> As a result of the River and Harbor Act, passed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> in 1890, bridges on the Harlem River with low vertical clearance were to be replaced with those with at least 24 feet (7.3 m) of clearance during <a href="/wiki/Mean_high_water_springs" class="mw-redirect" title="Mean high water springs">mean high water springs</a>. Drawbridges and swing spans were determined to be most suitable for this purpose.<a href="#cite_note-Burr_p._3-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> In 1891, a wooden pedestrian drawbridge was constructed between 207th Street in Manhattan and Fordham Road in the Bronx.<a href="#cite_note-NYCDOT1-28">[28]</a> To the north, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_City_Department_of_Public_Works&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New York City Department of Public Works (page does not exist)">New York City Department of Public Works</a> was commissioned in 1892 to build the <a href="/wiki/Broadway_Bridge_(Manhattan)#First_span" title="Broadway Bridge (Manhattan)">Harlem Ship Canal Bridge</a> between Inwood and Marble Hill, carrying <a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a> over the new canal.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._2-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> This bridge was designed by Burr, Boller, and Birdsall, and constructed by A. McMullen & Co.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._2-8">[8]</a> The bridge opened on January 1, 1895.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._2-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-tribune19040814-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> At the time, it was one of several swing bridges that had been built on the Harlem River, and it was the second oldest major bridge in New York City behind the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge" title="Brooklyn Bridge">Brooklyn Bridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._2-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relocation_from_Broadway">Relocation from Broadway</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Heights_Bridge&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Relocation from Broadway">edit</a>]</div> By the first decade of the 20th century, the city sold the Harlem Ship Canal Bridge to the <a href="/wiki/Interborough_Rapid_Transit_Company" title="Interborough Rapid Transit Company">Interborough Rapid Transit Company</a> (IRT), which was constructing the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_the_IRT_subway" title="Early history of the IRT subway">first line</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19031227-38">[38]</a> A branch of the line was to cross the Harlem Ship Canal above Broadway,<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> which involved modifying or replacing the existing bridge.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Ultimately, the IRT determined the existing structure could not support the elevated subway line,<a href="#cite_note-ER_p._116-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19051107-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-tribune19051107-42">[42]</a> choosing instead to build the double-decker <a href="/wiki/Broadway_Bridge_(Manhattan)#Second_span" title="Broadway Bridge (Manhattan)">Broadway Bridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-aia5-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCDOT1-28">[28]</a> The need to replace the bridge was further emphasized when, in 1903, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Legislature" title="New York State Legislature">New York State Legislature</a> passed legislation allowing the realignment of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Central_Railroad" title="New York Central Railroad">New York Central Railroad</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Spuyten_Duyvil_and_Port_Morris_Railroad" title="Spuyten Duyvil and Port Morris Railroad">Spuyten Duyvil Line</a> (now the <a href="/wiki/Metro-North_Railroad" title="Metro-North Railroad">Metro-North Railroad</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Line_(Metro-North)" title="Hudson Line (Metro-North)">Hudson Line</a>) along the Harlem River's eastern bank.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._6-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-New_York_(N.Y.)._Department_of_Bridges_McClellan_1905_p.-44">[44]</a> The railroad wished to avoid a <a href="/wiki/Level_crossing" title="Level crossing">grade crossing</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Street_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Street Railway">Metropolitan Street Railway</a>'s streetcar tracks on the replacement Broadway Bridge.<a href="#cite_note-tribune19040814-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19031227-38">[38]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Floating_original_Ship_Canal_draw_(in_background)_to_University_Heights_location._New_Ship_Canal_draw_in_foreground._June_1906_photograph._-_University_Heights_Bridge,_Spanning_HAER_NY,31-NEYO,178-31.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Floating_original_Ship_Canal_draw_%28in_background%29_to_University_Heights_location._New_Ship_Canal_draw_in_foreground._June_1906_photograph._-_University_Heights_Bridge%2C_Spanning_HAER_NY%2C31-NEYO%2C178-31.tif/lossy-page1-220px-thumbnail.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Floating_original_Ship_Canal_draw_%28in_background%29_to_University_Heights_location._New_Ship_Canal_draw_in_foreground._June_1906_photograph._-_University_Heights_Bridge%2C_Spanning_HAER_NY%2C31-NEYO%2C178-31.tif/lossy-page1-330px-thumbnail.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Floating_original_Ship_Canal_draw_%28in_background%29_to_University_Heights_location._New_Ship_Canal_draw_in_foreground._June_1906_photograph._-_University_Heights_Bridge%2C_Spanning_HAER_NY%2C31-NEYO%2C178-31.tif/lossy-page1-440px-thumbnail.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="3600" /></a><figcaption>Relocation of the bridge in June 1906</figcaption></figure> In 1903, bridge engineer <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Lindenthal" title="Gustav Lindenthal">Gustav Lindenthal</a> suggested constructing a bridge from University Heights in the Bronx to Inwood in Manhattan.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._6-43">[43]</a> An early proposal called for a 2,600-foot-long (790 m), 80-foot-wide (24 m) bridge from 184th Street (now Fordham Road) in the Bronx to 210th Street in Manhattan. However, that span was reduced to 1,250 feet (380 m) long and 50 feet (15 m) wide to save money.<a href="#cite_note-New_York_(N.Y.)._Department_of_Bridges_McClellan_1905_p.-44">[44]</a> The city suggested that the Harlem Ship Canal Bridge could be relocated for that purpose.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._6-43">[43]</a> Ultimately, the city made an agreement with the three railroads to relocate the first span down the Harlem River, only ten years after it had been constructed.<a href="#cite_note-aia5-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Howe_p._3-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._6-43">[43]</a> The Board of Estimate authorized the Commissioner of Bridges to repurchase the bridge from the IRT.<a href="#cite_note-tribune19040814-26">[26]</a> Accordingly, the spans of the old Harlem Ship Canal Bridge were replaced with the new double-decker spans in three phases. After the old spans were disconnected from their old location and moved aside, the corresponding sections of the new Broadway Bridge were floated into place.<a href="#cite_note-Howe_p._25-47">[47]</a> The southern approach at Broadway was replaced in October 1905,<a href="#cite_note-Howe_p._5-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> followed by the northern approach in November.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19051107-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-tribune19051107-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-Howe_pp._6-7-50">[50]</a> At 207th Street, the Foundation and Contracting Company started constructing the pier at the center of the river in November 1903,<a href="#cite_note-nyt19031227-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-New_York_(N.Y.)._Department_of_Bridges_McClellan_1905_p.-44">[44]</a> completing it ten months later.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._6-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-New_York_(N.Y.)._Department_of_Bridges_McClellan_1905_p.-44">[44]</a> The relocated bridge, initially slated to be known as the Fordham Heights Bridge, was formally renamed the University Heights Bridge in May 1904.<a href="#cite_note-New_York_(N.Y.)._Department_of_Bridges_McClellan_1905_p.-44">[44]</a> The Snare & Triest Company was hired in 1905 to perform additional work on the relocated bridge's approaches, as well as construct an additional span for the western approach.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._6-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> The same year, the Department of Bridges issued $821,215 in capital stock to fund the relocation.<a href="#cite_note-Journal_of_Proceedings_1905_p._275-53">[53]</a> The existing spans underwent major modifications before being installed at 207th Street.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._6-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-Howe_p._25-47">[47]</a> The Harlem Ship Canal Bridge's southern approach was towed by barges to 207th Street in May 1906 and reinstalled as the University Heights Bridge's western approach.<a href="#cite_note-Howe_p._82-54">[54]</a> The following month, the swing span was towed from its Broadway location<a href="#cite_note-Howe_p._9-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-ER_p._118-56">[56]</a> and lifted onto the new pivot pier at 207th Street.<a href="#cite_note-Howe_p._10-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> In November 1907, the old northern approach was towed to Fordham Road and reinstalled as the University Heights Bridge's eastern approach.<a href="#cite_note-Howe_p._13-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> The relocation was conducted under the supervision of chief engineer Othniel F. Nichols.<a href="#cite_note-nycland-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-nydn20080624-63">[63]</a> The bridge reopened to traffic on January 8, 1908.<a href="#cite_note-Howe_p._13-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Usage">Usage</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Heights_Bridge&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Usage">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Univ_Heights_Br_fr_Deegan_jeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Univ_Heights_Br_fr_Deegan_jeh.jpg/220px-Univ_Heights_Br_fr_Deegan_jeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Univ_Heights_Br_fr_Deegan_jeh.jpg/330px-Univ_Heights_Br_fr_Deegan_jeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Univ_Heights_Br_fr_Deegan_jeh.jpg/440px-Univ_Heights_Br_fr_Deegan_jeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3965" data-file-height="2320" /></a><figcaption>View from the east</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014_University_Heights_Bridge_from_north.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/2014_University_Heights_Bridge_from_north.jpg/220px-2014_University_Heights_Bridge_from_north.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/2014_University_Heights_Bridge_from_north.jpg/330px-2014_University_Heights_Bridge_from_north.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/2014_University_Heights_Bridge_from_north.jpg/440px-2014_University_Heights_Bridge_from_north.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4086" data-file-height="2923" /></a><figcaption>View from the north</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Union_Railway_(Bronx)" title="Union Railway (Bronx)">Union Railway Company</a> planned to extend their <a href="/wiki/Bx12_bus" title="Bx12 bus">Fordham Road streetcar line</a> from the Bronx to Manhattan when the bridge was announced.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-UnionRR-Cross-1904-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-NewRochelle-UnionExt-Feb1904-67">[67]</a> By late 1908, after the opening of the bridge, the Union Railway applied for permission for a Manhattan extension.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> After the permission was granted, streetcar service across the bridge began in November 1910.<a href="#cite_note-HAER-UnivHtsBrridge-69">[69]</a> The bridge was designated as part of U.S. Route 9X in December 1934,<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> which was redesignated as <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Route_9X" title="New York State Route 9X">New York State Route 9X</a> shortly afterward.<a href="#cite_note-1935changes1-71">[71]</a> The highway designation was deleted in the 1940s.<a href="#cite_note-1941map-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-1946map-73">[73]</a> The Fordham Road streetcar service was replaced with the Bx19 bus, later the Bx12 bus, in 1948.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Bx12Bx9Trolley-Jan1948-74">[74]</a> The next year, the deck was replaced and the streetcar tracks were removed.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._7-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-nydn19920219-75">[75]</a> A freestanding gantry for the streetcar's electric wires remained on the swing span's eastern end through the 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_pp._7-8-76">[76]</a> Mayor <a href="/wiki/John_Lindsay" title="John Lindsay">John Lindsay</a> proposed enacting tolls along the University Heights Bridge, as well as all other free bridges across the <a href="/wiki/East_River" title="East River">East</a> and Harlem rivers, in 1971.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> The proposal failed in 1977 after the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> moved to ban tolls on these bridges.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> The city and state were planning to restore or replace the bridge by the 1980s. A $1.25 billion bond issue, proposed in 1983, had provided $15 million for the bridge's rehabilitation.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">Landmarks Preservation Commission</a> held a hearing to designate the crossing as an official city landmark, which would mandate that any bridge replacement would have to conform with the original design. <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_12" title="Manhattan Community Board 12">Manhattan Community Board 12</a> voted against the landmark designation and the city and state governments advised against designating the bridge as a landmark.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19900225-13">[13]</a> Despite the opposition, on September 11, 1984, the bridge was designated a city landmark.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._1-2">[2]</a> The bridge's condition continued to deteriorate; in late 1987, vehicles weighing over 15 short tons (13 long tons; 14 t) were banned from crossing the bridge, and wheelchair-accessible buses were swapped with lighter, non-accessible buses.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> By 1988, the deck contained several holes and was supported by corroded steel beams. The NYCDOT estimated that it would cost $24 million to fix the corroded approach viaduct,<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Department_of_Transportation" title="New York State Department of Transportation">New York State Department of Transportation</a> received a $34.3 million low bid for the bridge's reconstruction that year.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> The replacement of the deteriorated structure was a high priority for residents of University Heights.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> The bridge was entirely reconstructed starting in 1989,<a href="#cite_note-nycland-33">[33]</a> with a budgeted cost of $35 million.<a href="#cite_note-nydn19890208-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-nydn19920219-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-newsday19920219-85">[85]</a> Because of the bridge's landmark status, the replacement latticework had to be built in the same design as in the old span.<a href="#cite_note-aia5-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19900225-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-nydn19920219-75">[75]</a> Mechanical and electrical equipment was also replaced, and the northern sidewalk was removed.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19900225-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-nydn19890208-30">[30]</a> Reconstruction was performed in three phases: the southern portions of the approach viaducts were renovated first, followed by the swing span and the northern portions of the approaches.<a href="#cite_note-nydn19890208-30">[30]</a> The bridge reopened on February 18, 1992.<a href="#cite_note-nydn19920219-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-newsday19920219-85">[85]</a> The Fordham Road overpass was renovated starting the same year. The work was supposed to be finished in 1995 but was delayed by two years because of a lack of coordination with other government agencies, which were renovating the University Heights station and the I-87 exit and entrance ramps.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> On June 12, 2008, the New York City Bridge Centennial Commission organized a parade to mark the centennial of the bridge. The event was attended by Bronx Borough President <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Carri%C3%B3n,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Adolfo Carrión, Jr.">Adolfo Carrión, Jr.</a> and Manhattan Borough President <a href="/wiki/Scott_Stringer" title="Scott Stringer">Scott Stringer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nydn20080624-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> The celebration was the commission's first such event.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Critical_reception">Critical reception</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Heights_Bridge&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Critical reception">edit</a>]</div> Architectural critic <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Schuyler" title="Montgomery Schuyler">Montgomery Schuyler</a> stated that the Macombs Dam and University Heights Bridges were "highly creditable works, in an artistic as well as in a scientific sense."<a href="#cite_note-nyt19900225-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> The University Heights Bridge was also described by <a href="/wiki/Engineering_Magazine" title="Engineering Magazine">Engineering Magazine</a> in 1909 as "probably the prettiest of the swing bridges".<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Heights_Bridge&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_documented_by_the_Historic_American_Engineering_Record_in_New_York" title="List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in New York">List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_Designated_Landmarks_in_Manhattan_above_110th_Street" title="List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan above 110th Street">List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan above 110th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_Designated_Landmarks_in_the_Bronx" title="List of New York City Designated Landmarks in the Bronx">List of New York City Designated Landmarks in the Bronx</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Heights_Bridge&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> Notes <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nycdot16-1"><a href="#cite_ref-nycdot16_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/nyc-bridge-traffic-report-2016.pdf">"New York City Bridge Traffic Volumes"</a> (PDF). New York City Department of Transportation. 2016. p. 9. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180311161313/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/nyc-bridge-traffic-report-2016.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on March 11, 2018. Retrieved March 16, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+City+Bridge+Traffic+Volumes&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=New+York+City+Department+of+Transportation&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Fdot%2Fdownloads%2Fpdf%2Fnyc-bridge-traffic-report-2016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCL_p._1-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._1_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._1_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._1_2-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFLandmarks_Preservation_Commission1984">Landmarks Preservation Commission 1984</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCityMap-3"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCityMap_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maps.nyc.gov/doitt/nycitymap/">"NYCityMap"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_York_City" title="Government of New York City">NYC.gov</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Information_Technology_and_Telecommunications" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications">New York City Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200208152639/http://maps.nyc.gov/doitt/nycitymap/">Archived</a> from the original on February 8, 2020. Retrieved February 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NYC.gov&rft.atitle=NYCityMap&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmaps.nyc.gov%2Fdoitt%2Fnycitymap%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-aia5-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aia5_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aia5_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aia5_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aia5_4-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aia5_4-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhiteWillenskyLeadon2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norval_White" title="Norval White">White, Norval</a>; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). <a href="/wiki/AIA_Guide_to_New_York_City" title="AIA Guide to New York City">AIA Guide to New York City</a> (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 867. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19538-386-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19538-386-7"><bdi>978-0-19538-386-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=AIA+Guide+to+New+York+City&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=867&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19538-386-7&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Norval&rft.au=Willensky%2C+Elliot&rft.au=Leadon%2C+Fran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCL_p._5-5"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._5_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLandmarks_Preservation_Commission1984">Landmarks Preservation Commission 1984</a>, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-Average_Weekday_NYC_Transit_Bus_Ridership-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Average_Weekday_NYC_Transit_Bus_Ridership_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120708001123/http://www.mta.info/nyct/facts/ridership/ridership_bus.htm">"Average Weekday NYC Transit Bus Ridership"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MTA_New_York_City_Transit" class="mw-redirect" title="MTA New York City Transit">MTA New York City Transit</a>. 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mta.info/nyct/facts/ridership/ridership_bus.htm">the original</a> on July 8, 2012. Retrieved July 4, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Average+Weekday+NYC+Transit+Bus+Ridership&rft.pub=MTA+New+York+City+Transit&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mta.info%2Fnyct%2Ffacts%2Fridership%2Fridership_bus.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www1.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/dot_bridgereport14.pdf">"Bridges and Tunnels Annual Condition Report"</a> (PDF). New York City Department of Transportation. 2014. p. 147. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210512050528/https://www1.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/dot_bridgereport14.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on May 12, 2021. Retrieved March 31, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bridges+and+Tunnels+Annual+Condition+Report&rft.pages=147&rft.pub=New+York+City+Department+of+Transportation&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww1.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Fdot%2Fdownloads%2Fpdf%2Fdot_bridgereport14.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCL_p._2-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._2_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._2_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._2_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._2_8-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._2_8-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._2_8-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._2_8-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._2_8-7">h</a> <a href="#CITEREFLandmarks_Preservation_Commission1984">Landmarks Preservation Commission 1984</a>, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015084561862&view=1up&seq=75">"William Hubert Burr"</a>. 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January 9, 1904 – via HathiTrust.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Engineering+Record%2C+Building+Record+and+Sanitary+Engineer&rft.atitle=William+Hubert+Burr&rft.volume=49&rft.pages=59&rft.date=1904-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dmdp.39015084561862%26view%3D1up%26seq%3D75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-landmarks-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-landmarks_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-landmarks_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-landmarks_10-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-landmarks_10-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiamonstein-Spielvogel2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barbaralee_Diamonstein-Spielvogel" title="Barbaralee Diamonstein-Spielvogel">Diamonstein-Spielvogel, Barbaralee</a> (2011). The Landmarks of New York (5th ed.). Albany, New York: <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York" title="State University of New York">State University of New York Press</a>. p. 344. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4384-3769-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4384-3769-9"><bdi>978-1-4384-3769-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Landmarks+of+New+York&rft.place=Albany%2C+New+York&rft.pages=344&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4384-3769-9&rft.aulast=Diamonstein-Spielvogel&rft.aufirst=Barbaralee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCL_p._3-11"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._3_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLandmarks_Preservation_Commission1984">Landmarks Preservation Commission 1984</a>, p. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-Condit_1960-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Condit_1960_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCondit1960" class="citation book cs1">Condit, C.W. (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cZMy7sjrOzEC">American Building Art: The Nineteenth Century</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 311. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220704200108/https://books.google.com/books?id=cZMy7sjrOzEC">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2022. Retrieved January 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Building+Art%3A+The+Nineteenth+Century&rft.pages=311&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Condit&rft.aufirst=C.W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcZMy7sjrOzEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt19900225-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19900225_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19900225_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19900225_13-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19900225_13-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19900225_13-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19900225_13-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19900225_13-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19900225_13-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray1990" class="citation news cs1">Gray, Christopher (February 25, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/25/realestate/streetscapes-university-heights-bridge-polite-swing-renovation-for-landmark-span.html">"Streetscapes: The University Heights Bridge; A Polite Swing to Renovation for a Landmark Span"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150525203356/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/25/realestate/streetscapes-university-heights-bridge-polite-swing-renovation-for-landmark-span.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2015. Retrieved January 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Streetscapes%3A+The+University+Heights+Bridge%3B+A+Polite+Swing+to+Renovation+for+a+Landmark+Span&rft.date=1990-02-25&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1990%2F02%2F25%2Frealestate%2Fstreetscapes-university-heights-bridge-polite-swing-renovation-for-landmark-span.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCL_p._4-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._4_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._4_14-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLandmarks_Preservation_Commission1984">Landmarks Preservation Commission 1984</a>, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoller2016" class="citation book cs1">Boller, Alfred (2016) [1876]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/practicaltreatise00bolliala">Practical treatise on the construction of iron highway bridges</a>. LULU Press. pp. 83–87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-332-02847-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-332-02847-4"><bdi>978-1-332-02847-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/978485942">978485942</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Practical+treatise+on+the+construction+of+iron+highway+bridges&rft.pages=83-87&rft.pub=LULU+Press&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F978485942&rft.isbn=978-1-332-02847-4&rft.aulast=Boller&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpracticaltreatise00bolliala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCL_pp._1-2-16"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_pp._1-2_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLandmarks_Preservation_Commission1984">Landmarks Preservation Commission 1984</a>, pp. 1–2. </li> <li id="cite_note-Kadinsky2016-17"><a href="#cite_ref-Kadinsky2016_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKadinsky2016" class="citation book cs1">Kadinsky, Sergey (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Czw1CgAAQBAJ">Hidden Waters of New York City: A History and Guide to 101 Forgotten Lakes, Ponds, Creeks, and Streams in the Five Boroughs</a>. New York, NY: Countryman Press. pp. 56–57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58157-566-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58157-566-8"><bdi>978-1-58157-566-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hidden+Waters+of+New+York+City%3A+A+History+and+Guide+to+101+Forgotten+Lakes%2C+Ponds%2C+Creeks%2C+and+Streams+in+the+Five+Boroughs&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=56-57&rft.pub=Countryman+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-58157-566-8&rft.aulast=Kadinsky&rft.aufirst=Sergey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCzw1CgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCPks-SpuytenDuyvilCrk-18"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCPks-SpuytenDuyvilCrk_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/inwood-hill-park/highlights/8272">"Inwood Hill Park: Spuyten Duyvil Creek"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Parks_and_Recreation" title="New York City Department of Parks and Recreation">New York City Department of Parks and Recreation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170102171815/https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/inwood-hill-park/highlights/8272">Archived</a> from the original on January 2, 2017. 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Taylor & Francis. p. 294. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-93261-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-93261-9"><bdi>978-1-135-93261-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220704200110/https://books.google.com/books?id=Jox4CAAAQBAJ&pg=PT294">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2022. 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The New York Times. April 18, 1890. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200116000852/https://www.nytimes.com/1890/04/18/archives/low-bridges-wanted-objections-to-the-proposed-harlem-river.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2020. Retrieved January 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Low+Bridges+Wanted.%3B+Objections+to+the+Proposed+Harlem+River+Improvements.&rft.date=1890-04-18&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1890%2F04%2F18%2Farchives%2Flow-bridges-wanted-objections-to-the-proposed-harlem-river.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNew_York_(N.Y.)1892" class="citation book cs1">New York (N.Y.) 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January 1, 1895. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220704200052/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1895/01/01/102441218.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on July 4, 2022. Retrieved January 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+City%27s+Low+Death+Rate%3A+Brought+Down+to+21.05+by+the+Health+Board+for+1895&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1895-01-01&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1895%2F01%2F01%2F102441218.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt19031227-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19031227_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19031227_38-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19031227_38-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1903/12/27/105071719.pdf">"Cutting, New Street Through Four Blocks; Delancey Street Project to be One of Unusual Interest"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. December 27, 1903. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121063616/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1903/12/27/105071719.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on January 21, 2022. 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October 23, 1979. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160327141814/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1096.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2016. Retrieved November 19, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interborough+Rapid+Transit+System%2C+Underground+Interior&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=New+York+City+Landmarks+Preservation+Commission&rft.date=1979-10-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fs-media.nyc.gov%2Fagencies%2Flpc%2Flp%2F1096.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1902/03/23/118466831.pdf">"Work on the Subway; One Section of the New Road Has Not Been Touched"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. March 23, 1902. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121060301/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1902/03/23/118466831.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on January 21, 2022. Retrieved January 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Work+on+the+Subway%3B+One+Section+of+the+New+Road+Has+Not+Been+Touched&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1902-03-23&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1902%2F03%2F23%2F118466831.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt19051107-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19051107_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19051107_41-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1905/11/07/101422220.pdf">"New Ship Canal Span Is Floated Into Place; Builders Use the Harlem's Tide for Lifting Power"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. November 7, 1905. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121060617/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1905/11/07/101422220.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on January 21, 2022. Retrieved January 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+Ship+Canal+Span+Is+Floated+Into+Place%3B+Builders+Use+the+Harlem%27s+Tide+for+Lifting+Power&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1905-11-07&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1905%2F11%2F07%2F101422220.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tribune19051107-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tribune19051107_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tribune19051107_42-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/68181951/">"Tide Moves Bridge Span: Portion of Old Harlem Structure Replaced by New"</a>. New-York Tribune. November 7, 1905. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220704200134/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/68181951/tide-moves-bridge-span-portion-of-old/">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2022. Retrieved January 25, 2021 – via newspapers.com <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New-York+Tribune&rft.atitle=Tide+Moves+Bridge+Span%3A+Portion+of+Old+Harlem+Structure+Replaced+by+New&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1905-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F68181951%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCL_p._6-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._6_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._6_43-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._6_43-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._6_43-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._6_43-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._6_43-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._6_43-6">g</a> <a href="#CITEREFLandmarks_Preservation_Commission1984">Landmarks Preservation Commission 1984</a>, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-New_York_(N.Y.)._Department_of_Bridges_McClellan_1905_p.-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-New_York_(N.Y.)._Department_of_Bridges_McClellan_1905_p._44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_York_(N.Y.)._Department_of_Bridges_McClellan_1905_p._44-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_York_(N.Y.)._Department_of_Bridges_McClellan_1905_p._44-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_York_(N.Y.)._Department_of_Bridges_McClellan_1905_p._44-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_York_(N.Y.)._Department_of_Bridges_McClellan_1905_p._44-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNew_York_(N.Y.)._Department_of_BridgesMcClellan1905" class="citation book cs1">New York (N.Y.). Department of Bridges; McClellan, G.B. (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NR8CAAAAYAAJ">Report of the Commissioner of Bridges to the Hon. George B. McClellar, Mayor of the City of New York, December 31, 1904</a>. The Department. pp. 169–170. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220704200102/https://books.google.com/books?id=NR8CAAAAYAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2022. Retrieved January 25, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Commissioner+of+Bridges+to+the+Hon.+George+B.+McClellar%2C+Mayor+of+the+City+of+New+York%2C+December+31%2C+1904&rft.pages=169-170&rft.pub=The+Department&rft.date=1905&rft.au=New+York+%28N.Y.%29.+Department+of+Bridges&rft.au=McClellan%2C+G.B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNR8CAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1903/06/03/102004942.pdf">"Two New Harlem Bridges"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. June 3, 1903. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121054058/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1903/06/03/102004942.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on January 21, 2022. Retrieved January 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Two+New+Harlem+Bridges&rft.pages=16&rft.date=1903-06-03&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1903%2F06%2F03%2F102004942.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Howe_p._3-46"><a href="#cite_ref-Howe_p._3_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHowe1910">Howe 1910</a>, p. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-Howe_p._25-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Howe_p._25_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Howe_p._25_47-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHowe1910">Howe 1910</a>, p. 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-Howe_p._5-48"><a href="#cite_ref-Howe_p._5_48-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHowe1910">Howe 1910</a>, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1905/10/20/120279177.pdf">"Span of Ship Canal Bridge in Place"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. October 20, 1905. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121053932/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1905/10/20/120279177.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on January 21, 2022. Retrieved January 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Span+of+Ship+Canal+Bridge+in+Place&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1905-10-20&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1905%2F10%2F20%2F120279177.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Howe_pp._6-7-50"><a href="#cite_ref-Howe_pp._6-7_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHowe1910">Howe 1910</a>, pp. 6–7. </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNew_York_(N.Y.)._Department_of_Bridges1912" class="citation book cs1">New York (N.Y.). 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Retrieved January 25, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annual+Report%3A+For+the+Year+Ending+...&rft.pages=225&rft.pub=The+Department&rft.date=1912&rft.au=New+York+%28N.Y.%29.+Department+of+Bridges&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2wVhCYOW3WEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/document.php?vol=ldpd_7031148_035&page=ldpd_7031148_035_00000888&no=13">"Contracts Awarded"</a>. The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide. 75 (1935): 811. April 15, 1905. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220704200106/https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/document.php?vol=ldpd_7031148_035&page=ldpd_7031148_035_00000888&no=13">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2022. Retrieved January 25, 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">columbia.edu</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Real+Estate+Record%3A+Real+Estate+Record+and+Builders%27+Guide&rft.atitle=Contracts+Awarded&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=1935&rft.pages=811&rft.date=1905-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frerecord.library.columbia.edu%2Fdocument.php%3Fvol%3Dldpd_7031148_035%26page%3Dldpd_7031148_035_00000888%26no%3D13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Journal_of_Proceedings_1905_p._275-53"><a href="#cite_ref-Journal_of_Proceedings_1905_p._275_53-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7MozAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA275">Journal of Proceedings</a>. 1905. p. 275. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220704200055/https://books.google.com/books?id=7MozAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA275">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2022. 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New-York Tribune. June 15, 1906. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220704200102/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/68190435/tide-lifts-bridge-span-pontoon-system/">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2022. Retrieved January 25, 2021 – via newspapers.com <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New-York+Tribune&rft.atitle=Tide+Lifts+Bridge+Span%3A+Pontoon+System+Used&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1906-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F68190435%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1906/06/15/101783042.pdf">"Steel Draw Is Floated a Mile and Then Reset; Travels From Broadway to Fordham Road in Ship Canal"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. June 15, 1906. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121054658/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1906/06/15/101783042.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on January 21, 2022. Retrieved January 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Steel+Draw+Is+Floated+a+Mile+and+Then+Reset%3B+Travels+From+Broadway+to+Fordham+Road+in+Ship+Canal&rft.pages=16&rft.date=1906-06-15&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1906%2F06%2F15%2F101783042.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Howe_p._13-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Howe_p._13_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Howe_p._13_60-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHowe1910">Howe 1910</a>, p. 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/68262024/old-harlem-bridge-moved/">"Old Harlem Bridge Moved"</a>. The New York Times. November 28, 1907. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220704200057/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/68262024/old-harlem-bridge-moved/">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2022. Retrieved January 22, 2021 – via newspapers.com <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Old+Harlem+Bridge+Moved&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1907-11-28&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F68262024%2Fold-harlem-bridge-moved%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100603175003/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/bridges/207th.shtml">"West 207th Street/University Heights Bridge Over Harlem River"</a>. 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February 24, 1904. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121062458/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1904/02/24/118943819.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on January 21, 2022. 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December 16, 1934. p. XX12. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220704200059/http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1934/12/16/94588659.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2022. Retrieved January 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Mark+Ways+in+the+City&rft.pages=XX12&rft.date=1934-12-16&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1934%2F12%2F16%2F94588659.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-1935changes1-71"><a href="#cite_ref-1935changes1_71-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252011%2FNew%2520York%2520Evening%2520Post%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Evening%2520Post%25201935%2520Grayscale%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Evening%2520Post%25201935%2520Grayscale%2520-%25202075.pdf">"Route Changes in State Listed"</a> (PDF). New York Post. March 30, 1935. p. 18. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220704200129/https://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2011/New%20York%20Evening%20Post/New%20York%20NY%20Evening%20Post%201935%20Grayscale/New%20York%20NY%20Evening%20Post%201935%20Grayscale%20-%202075.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on July 4, 2022. 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Rand McNally and Company. 1946. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725194757/http://www.broermapsonline.org/members/NorthAmerica/UnitedStates/Midatlantic/NewYork/NewYorkCity/randmcnally_ra_1946_040.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved December 6, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York%2C+N.Y.%2C+and+vicinity&rft.pub=Rand+McNally+and+Company&rft.date=1946&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.broermapsonline.org%2Fmembers%2FNorthAmerica%2FUnitedStates%2FMidatlantic%2FNewYork%2FNewYorkCity%2Frandmcnally_ra_1946_040.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-Bx12Bx9Trolley-Jan1948-74"><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Bx12Bx9Trolley-Jan1948_74-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1948/01/08/94934490.pdf">"Buses To Replace 2 Trolley Lines: The Bronx-Van Courtland Park and 207th St. Crosstown to Shift on Jan. 25"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. 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New York Daily News. p. 35. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220704200107/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/68483380/university-heights-bridge-open-again/">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2022. 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The New York Times. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220628154613/http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1971/03/25/81935957.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on June 28, 2022. 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New York Daily News. p. 29. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210201222219/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/68481335/city-looks-to-tolls-on-harlem-river/">Archived</a> from the original on February 1, 2021. Retrieved January 25, 2021 – via newspapers.com <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&rft.atitle=City+Looks+to+Tolls+on+Harlem+River&rft.pages=29&rft.date=1971-03-25&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=Owen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F68481335%2Fcity-looks-to-tolls-on-harlem-river%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDembart1977" class="citation news cs1">Dembart, Lee (June 16, 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1977/06/16/75672332.pdf">"Broad Parking Ban in Manhattan Begins as Mayor Yields to Ruling"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220628154614/http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1977/06/16/75672332.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on June 28, 2022. 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September 17, 1983. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150524140650/http://www.nytimes.com/1983/09/17/nyregion/list-of-projects-to-be-financed-by-the-proposed-1.25-billion-bond-issue.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 24, 2015. 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New York Daily News. p. 108. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220704200106/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/68258235/limit-hits-wheelchair-bus-riders/">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2022. Retrieved January 22, 2021 – via newspapers.com <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Limit+hits+wheelchair+bus+riders&rft.pages=108&rft.date=1987-11-03&rft.aulast=Sisk&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F68258235%2Flimit-hits-wheelchair-bus-riders%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/18/nyregion/17-key-bridges-with-structural-problems.html">"17 Key Bridges With Structural Problems"</a>. The New York Times. April 18, 1988. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210207235525/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/18/nyregion/17-key-bridges-with-structural-problems.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 7, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=17+Key+Bridges+With+Structural+Problems&rft.date=1988-04-18&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1988%2F04%2F18%2Fnyregion%2F17-key-bridges-with-structural-problems.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/68257532/heights-bridge/">"Heights Bridge"</a>. New York Daily News. March 18, 1988. p. 644. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220704200111/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/68257532/heights-bridge/">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2022. 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Newsday. p. 02. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/278154123">278154123</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220704200116/https://www.proquest.com/docview/278154123">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2022. 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Bronx Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220704200129/https://www.bxtimes.com/university-heights-bridge-centennial/">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2022. 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The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220704200129/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/16/nyregion/16bridges.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2022. 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Kennard (September 1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015075018948&view=1up&seq=931">"The Bridges of New York City"</a>. The Engineering Magazine,Engineer. 37: 915. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220704200148/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015075018948&view=1up&seq=931">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2022. Retrieved January 25, 2021 – via HathiTrust.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Engineering+Magazine%2CEngineer&rft.atitle=The+Bridges+of+New+York+City&rft.volume=37&rft.pages=915&rft.date=1909-09&rft.aulast=Thomson&rft.aufirst=T.+Kennard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dmdp.39015075018948%26view%3D1up%26seq%3D931&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> Sources <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurr1897" class="citation book cs1">Burr, William Hubert (1897). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iEyP7hv-n0EC&pg=PA3">The Harlem Ship-canal Bridge</a>. 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Berkeley, California: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-27015-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-27015-2"><bdi>978-0-520-27015-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concrete+Jungle%3A+New+York+City+and+Our+Last+Best+Hope+for+a+Sustainable+Future&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+California&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-520-27015-2&rft.aulast=Eldredge&rft.aufirst=Niles&rft.au=Horenstein%2C+Sidney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfYMkDQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngineering_Record1906" class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.e0000406033&view=1up&seq=130">"The Replacement of the Broadway Bridge Over the Harlem Ship Canal"</a>. 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American Society of Civil Engineers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions&rft.atitle=Notes+on+the+Replacing+of+the+Superstructure+of+the+Harlem+Ship+Canal+Bridge&rft.issue=Paper+No.+1143&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Howe&rft.aufirst=Horace+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandmarks_Preservation_Commission1984" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1455.pdf">"University Heights Bridge"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission</a>. September 11, 1984.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+Heights+Bridge&rft.pub=New+York+City+Landmarks+Preservation+Commission&rft.date=1984-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fs-media.nyc.gov%2Fagencies%2Flpc%2Flp%2F1455.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Heights+Bridge" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Heights_Bridge&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output 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Heights Bridge</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100603175003/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/bridges/207th.shtml">NYCDOT: West 207th Street/University Heights Bridge Over Harlem River</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nycroads.com/crossings/university-heights/">NYCRoads.com – University Heights Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Documentation_Programs#Historic_American_Engineering_Record" title="Heritage Documentation Programs">Historic American Engineering Record</a> (HAER) No. NY-199, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/ny1596/">University Heights Bridge, Spanning Harlem River at 207th Street and West Harlem Road, New York County, NY</a>", 41 photos, 59 data pages, 8 photo caption pages</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_York_City_historic_sites" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#ffe978;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output 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Register of Historic Places">National Register</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Manhattan" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan">Manhattan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Manhattan_below_14th_Street" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan below 14th Street">Below 14th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Manhattan_from_14th_to_59th_Streets" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan from 14th to 59th Streets">14th–59th Sts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Manhattan_from_59th_to_110th_Streets" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan from 59th to 110th Streets">59th–110th Sts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Manhattan_above_110th_Street" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan above 110th Street">Above 110th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Manhattan_on_islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan on islands">Smaller islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Brooklyn" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Queens,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Queens, New York">Queens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Staten_Island" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Staten Island">Staten Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_Bronx" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the Bronx">Bronx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._National_Historic_Landmarks_by_state" title="List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state">National Historic Landmarks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_New_York_City" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in New York City">New York City</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffe978;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">City Landmarks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_Designated_Landmarks_in_Manhattan" title="List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan">Manhattan</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_Designated_Landmarks_in_Manhattan_below_14th_Street" title="List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan below 14th Street">Below 14th St</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_Designated_Landmarks_in_Manhattan_from_14th_to_59th_Streets" title="List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan from 14th to 59th Streets">14th–59th Sts</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_Designated_Landmarks_in_Manhattan_from_59th_to_110th_Streets" title="List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan from 59th to 110th Streets">59th–110th Sts</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_Designated_Landmarks_in_Manhattan_above_110th_Street" title="List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan above 110th Street">Above 110th St</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_Designated_Landmarks_in_Manhattan_on_smaller_islands" title="List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan on smaller islands">Smaller islands</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_Designated_Landmarks_in_Brooklyn" title="List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_Designated_Landmarks_in_Queens" title="List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Queens">Queens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_Designated_Landmarks_in_Staten_Island" title="List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Staten Island">Staten Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_Designated_Landmarks_in_the_Bronx" title="List of New York City Designated Landmarks in the Bronx">Bronx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_scenic_landmarks" title="New York City scenic landmarks">Scenic landmarks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Crossings_of_the_Harlem_River" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Crossings_of_the_Harlem_River" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Crossings of the <a href="/wiki/Harlem_River" title="Harlem River">Harlem River</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table width="100%"><tbody><tr> <td width="33%">Upstream <a href="/wiki/Broadway_Bridge_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway Bridge (Manhattan)">Broadway Bridge</a> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_9_in_New_York" title="U.S. Route 9 in New York"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/US_9.svg/20px-US_9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/US_9.svg/30px-US_9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/US_9.svg/40px-US_9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/1_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="1 (New York City Subway service)"><img alt=""1" train" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/NYCS-bull-trans-1-Std.svg/20px-NYCS-bull-trans-1-Std.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/NYCS-bull-trans-1-Std.svg/30px-NYCS-bull-trans-1-Std.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/NYCS-bull-trans-1-Std.svg/40px-NYCS-bull-trans-1-Std.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></td> <td width="34%" style="border-left:1px solid #aaaaaa;border-right:1px solid #aaaaaa;">University Heights Bridge </td> <td width="33%">Downstream <a href="/wiki/Washington_Bridge_(Harlem_River)" title="Washington Bridge (Harlem River)">Washington Bridge</a> </td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bridges_and_tunnels_in_New_York_City" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bridges_and_tunnels_in_New_York_City" title="Template:Bridges and tunnels in New York City"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bridges_and_tunnels_in_New_York_City" title="Template talk:Bridges and tunnels in New York City"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bridges_and_tunnels_in_New_York_City" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bridges and tunnels in New York City"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bridges_and_tunnels_in_New_York_City" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_and_tunnels_in_New_York_City" title="List of bridges and tunnels in New York City">Bridges and tunnels</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vehicular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bridges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton_Bridge" title="Alexander Hamilton Bridge">Alexander Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayonne_Bridge" title="Bayonne Bridge">Bayonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_Bridge_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway Bridge (Manhattan)">Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge" title="Brooklyn Bridge">Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronx%E2%80%93Whitestone_Bridge" title="Bronx–Whitestone Bridge">Bronx–Whitestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_Street_Bridge" title="Carroll Street Bridge">Carroll Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Island_Bridge" title="City Island Bridge">City Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_Bay_Veterans_Memorial_Bridge" title="Cross Bay Veterans Memorial Bridge">Cross Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Street_Bridge" title="Grand Street Bridge">Grand Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge" title="George Washington Bridge">George Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goethals_Bridge" title="Goethals Bridge">Goethals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goethals_Bridge_(1928%E2%80%932017)" title="Goethals Bridge (1928–2017)">1928–2017</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenpoint_Avenue_Bridge" title="Greenpoint Avenue Bridge">Greenpoint Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson_Bridge" title="Henry Hudson Bridge">Henry Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Addabbo_Memorial_Bridge" title="Joseph P. Addabbo Memorial Bridge">Joseph P. Addabbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosciuszko_Bridge" title="Kosciuszko Bridge">Kosciuszko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macombs_Dam_Bridge" title="Macombs Dam Bridge">Macombs Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Avenue_Bridge" title="Madison Avenue Bridge">Madison Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Bridge" title="Manhattan Bridge">Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_Basin_Bridge" title="Mill Basin Bridge">Mill Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Parkway%E2%80%93Gil_Hodges_Memorial_Bridge" title="Marine Parkway–Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge">Marine Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outerbridge_Crossing" title="Outerbridge Crossing">Outerbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_Viaduct" title="Park Avenue Viaduct">Park Avenue Viaduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelham_Bridge" title="Pelham Bridge">Pelham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaski_Bridge" title="Pulaski Bridge">Pulaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queensboro_Bridge" title="Queensboro Bridge">Queensboro (Ed Koch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rikers_Island_Bridge" title="Rikers Island Bridge">Rikers Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Bridge" title="Robert F. Kennedy Bridge">Robert F. Kennedy (Triborough)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Island_Bridge" title="Roosevelt Island Bridge">Roosevelt Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Avenue_Bridge_(New_York_City)" title="Third Avenue Bridge (New York City)">Third Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throgs_Neck_Bridge" title="Throgs Neck Bridge">Throgs Neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Street_Bridge" title="Union Street Bridge">Union Street</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">University Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verrazzano-Narrows_Bridge" title="Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge">Verrazzano-Narrows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Bridge_(Harlem_River)" title="Washington Bridge (Harlem River)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamsburg_Bridge" title="Williamsburg Bridge">Williamsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_Avenue_Bridge" title="Willis Avenue Bridge">Willis Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/145th_Street_Bridge" title="145th Street Bridge">145th Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tunnels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battery_Park_Underpass" title="Battery Park Underpass">Battery Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland_Tunnel" title="Holland Tunnel">Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn%E2%80%93Battery_Tunnel" title="Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel">Brooklyn–Battery (Hugh L. Carey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Tunnel" title="Lincoln Tunnel">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens%E2%80%93Midtown_Tunnel" title="Queens–Midtown Tunnel">Queens–Midtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_Tunnel_(roadway)" title="Park Avenue Tunnel (roadway)">Park Avenue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pedestrian only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Bridges" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bridges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bow_Bridge_(Central_Park)" title="Bow Bridge (Central Park)">Bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Bridge_(New_York_City)" title="High Bridge (New York City)">High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hook_Creek_Bridge" title="Hook Creek Bridge">Hook Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squibb_Park_Bridge" title="Squibb Park Bridge">Squibb Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wards_Island_Bridge" title="Wards Island Bridge">Wards Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Street_pedestrian_bridges" title="West Street pedestrian bridges">West Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Railroad and subway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bridges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kill_Vertical_Lift_Bridge" title="Arthur Kill Vertical Lift Bridge">Arthur Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_Bridge_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway Bridge (Manhattan)">Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_River_Lift_Bridge" title="Harlem River Lift Bridge">Harlem River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hell_Gate_Bridge" title="Hell Gate Bridge">Hell Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Bridge" title="Manhattan Bridge">Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelham_Bay_Bridge" title="Pelham Bay Bridge">Pelham Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Channel_Bridge_(NYC_Subway)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Channel Bridge (NYC Subway)">South Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spuyten_Duyvil_Bridge" title="Spuyten Duyvil Bridge">Spuyten Duyvil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamsburg_Bridge" title="Williamsburg Bridge">Williamsburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tunnels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/14th_Street_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="14th Street Tunnel">14th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53rd_Street_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="53rd Street Tunnel">53rd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60th_Street_Tunnel" title="60th Street Tunnel">60th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/63rd_Street_Tunnel" title="63rd Street Tunnel">63rd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/149th_Street_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="149th Street Tunnel">149th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Street_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Clark Street Tunnel">Clark Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concourse_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Concourse Tunnel">Concourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranberry_Street_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Cranberry Street Tunnel">Cranberry Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Hudson_Tubes" title="Downtown Hudson Tubes">Downtown Hudson Tubes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_River_Tunnels" title="East River Tunnels">East River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Tunnel" title="Freedom Tunnel">Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joralemon_Street_Tunnel" title="Joralemon Street Tunnel">Joralemon Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lexington Avenue Tunnel">Lexington Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montague_Street_Tunnel" title="Montague Street Tunnel">Montague Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_River_Tunnels" title="North River Tunnels">North River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_main_line" title="Park Avenue main line">Park Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutgers_Street_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutgers Street Tunnel">Rutgers Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steinway_Tunnel" title="Steinway Tunnel">Steinway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uptown_Hudson_Tubes" title="Uptown Hudson Tubes">Uptown Hudson Tubes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Transportation" title="New York City Department of Transportation">NYC Department of Transportation (NYCDOT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Department_of_Transportation" title="New York State Department of Transportation">NYS Department of Transportation (NYSDOT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTA_Bridges_and_Tunnels" title="MTA Bridges and Tunnels">MTA Bridges and Tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">MTA New York City Subway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port Authority of New York and New Jersey">Port Authority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PATH_(rail_system)" title="PATH (rail system)">PATH Train</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 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