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</li> <li id="toc-Copyright" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Copyright"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Copyright </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Copyright-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Street_art,_guerrilla_art_and_graffiti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Street_art,_guerrilla_art_and_graffiti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Street art, guerrilla art and graffiti </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Street_art,_guerrilla_art_and_graffiti-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Street art, guerrilla art and graffiti subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Street_art,_guerrilla_art_and_graffiti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Guerilla_sculpture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guerilla_sculpture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Guerilla sculpture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guerilla_sculpture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_acceptance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_acceptance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Public acceptance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_acceptance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beautification_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beautification_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Beautification movement </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Beautification_movement-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Beautification movement subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Beautification_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 North America </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 Canada </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.2 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.3 Mexico </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 South America </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Europe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Asia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.1 India </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malaysia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malaysia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.2 Malaysia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malaysia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.3 South Korea </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thailand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thailand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Thailand </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thailand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_East" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_East"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Middle East </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_East-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 Israel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_Arab_Emirates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Arab_Emirates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7.1 United Arab Emirates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Arab_Emirates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oceania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oceania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.8 Oceania </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oceania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.8.1 Australia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.8.2 New Zealand </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.9 Africa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exhibitions,_festivals_and_conferences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exhibitions,_festivals_and_conferences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Exhibitions, festivals and conferences </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Exhibitions,_festivals_and_conferences-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Exhibitions, festivals and conferences subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Exhibitions,_festivals_and_conferences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Documentary_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Documentary_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Documentary films </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Documentary_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Street art</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" > 43 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9" title="فن الشارع – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فن الشارع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C9%99_s%C9%99n%C9%99ti" title="Küçə sənəti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Küçə sənəti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Вулічнае мастацтва – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вулічнае мастацтва" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Улично изкуство – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Улично изкуство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_de_carrer" title="Art de carrer – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Art de carrer" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_art" title="Street art – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Street art" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_art" title="Street art – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Street art" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streetart" title="Streetart – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Streetart" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%AD%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%B4%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Τέχνη του δρόμου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τέχνη του δρόμου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte_urbano" title="Arte urbano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arte urbano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strata_arto" title="Strata arto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Strata arto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaleko_arte" title="Kaleko arte – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kaleko arte" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1_%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="هنر خیابانی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هنر خیابانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_urbain" title="Art urbain – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Art urbain" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B1%B0%EB%A6%AC_%EB%AF%B8%EC%88%A0" title="거리 미술 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="거리 미술" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A9%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A9_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF" title="Սթրիթ արտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սթրիթ արտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uli%C4%8Dna_umjetnost" title="Ulična umjetnost – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ulična umjetnost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stradarto" title="Stradarto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Stradarto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seni_jalanan" title="Seni jalanan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Seni jalanan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte_di_strada" title="Arte di strada – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arte di strada" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91" title="אמנות רחוב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמנות רחוב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ars_viaria" title="Ars viaria – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ars viaria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ielu_m%C4%81ksla" title="Ielu māksla – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ielu māksla" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utcai_m%C5%B1v%C3%A9szet" title="Utcai művészet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Utcai művészet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streetart" title="Streetart – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Streetart" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88" title="ストリートアート – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ストリートアート" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatekunst" title="Gatekunst – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gatekunst" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatekunst" title="Gatekunst – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gatekunst" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_art" title="Street art – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Street art" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_Art" title="Street Art – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Street Art" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_art" title="Street art – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Street art" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte_urbana" title="Arte urbana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arte urbana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82-%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Стрит-арт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Стрит-арт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_art" title="Street art – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Street art" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Улична уметност – Serbian" 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the static visual art form. For performing arts practiced outdoors, see <a href="/wiki/Street_performance" title="Street performance">Street performance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Street_theatre" title="Street theatre">Street theatre</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Street art</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Pierre_Brossolette_-_C215_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Pierre_Brossolette_-_C215_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Pierre_Brossolette_-_C215_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Pierre_Brossolette_-_C215_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Pierre_Brossolette_-_C215_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Pierre_Brossolette_-_C215_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Pierre_Brossolette_-_C215_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="2849" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Street art by <a href="/wiki/C215_(street_artist)" title="C215 (street artist)">C215</a> on a postbox in the <a href="/wiki/5th_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="5th arrondissement of Paris">5th arrondissement of Paris</a> honoring <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">French Resistance</a> hero <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Brossolette" title="Pierre Brossolette">Pierre Brossolette</a> in a partnership with the <a href="/wiki/Centre_des_monuments_nationaux" title="Centre des monuments nationaux">Centre des monuments nationaux</a> around the <a href="/wiki/Panth%C3%A9on" title="Panthéon">Panthéon</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1980s–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major figures</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banksy" title="Banksy">Banksy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fekner" title="John Fekner">John Fekner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Haring" title="Keith Haring">Keith Haring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Influences</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">Graffiti</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Street art is <a href="/wiki/Visual_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual art">visual art</a> created in <a href="/wiki/Public_art" title="Public art">public locations</a> for public visibility. It has been associated with the terms "independent art", "post-graffiti", "neo-graffiti" and <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_art" title="Guerrilla art">guerrilla art</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Street art has evolved from the early forms of defiant <a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">graffiti</a> into a more commercial form of art, as one of the main differences now lies with the messaging. Street art is often meant to provoke thought rather than rejection among the general audience through making its purpose more evident than that of graffiti. The issue of permission has also come at the heart of street art, as graffiti is usually done illegally, whereas street art can nowadays be the product of an agreement or even sometimes a commission. However, it remains different from traditional art exposed in public spaces by its explicit use of said space in the conception phase. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Berlinermauer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Berlinermauer.jpg/220px-Berlinermauer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Berlinermauer.jpg/330px-Berlinermauer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Berlinermauer.jpg/440px-Berlinermauer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="913" /></a><figcaption>Germany's <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a> (shown 1986) was a target of artists during its existence (1961–1989).</figcaption></figure> Street art is a form of artwork that is displayed in public on surrounding buildings, on streets, trains and other publicly viewed surfaces. Many instances come in the form of guerrilla art, which is intended to make a personal statement about the society that the artist lives within. The work has moved from the beginnings of graffiti and vandalism to new modes where artists work to bring messages, or just beauty, to an audience.<a href="#cite_note-Antonova2014-3">[3]</a> Some artists may use "smart vandalism" as a way to raise awareness of social and political issues,<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> whereas other artists use urban space as an opportunity to display personal artwork. Artists may also appreciate the challenges and risks that are associated with <a href="/wiki/Street_installation" title="Street installation">installing</a> illicit artwork in public places. A common motive is that creating art in a format that utilizes public space allows artists who may otherwise feel disenfranchised to reach a much broader audience than other styles or galleries would allow. Whereas traditional <a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">graffiti</a> artists have primarily used <a href="/wiki/Aerosol_paint" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerosol paint">spray paint</a> to produce their work, "street art" can encompass other media, such as <a href="/wiki/LED_art" title="LED art">LED art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaic</a> tiling, <a href="/wiki/Stencil_graffiti" title="Stencil graffiti">stencil graffiti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sticker_art" title="Sticker art">sticker art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reverse_graffiti" title="Reverse graffiti">reverse graffiti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lock_On_(street_art)" title="Lock On (street art)">"Lock On" sculptures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wheatpaste" title="Wheatpaste">wheatpasting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woodblock_graffiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodblock graffiti">woodblocking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yarn_bombing" title="Yarn bombing">yarn bombing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rock_balancing" title="Rock balancing">rock balancing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> New media forms such as video projections onto large city buildings are an increasingly popular tool for street artists—and the availability of cheap hardware and software allows such artwork to become competitive with corporate advertisements. Artists are thus able to create art from their personal computers for free, which competes with companies' profits.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Larmee_Street_Art_NYC_1985.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Larmee_Street_Art_NYC_1985.jpg/180px-Larmee_Street_Art_NYC_1985.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Larmee_Street_Art_NYC_1985.jpg/270px-Larmee_Street_Art_NYC_1985.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Larmee_Street_Art_NYC_1985.jpg/360px-Larmee_Street_Art_NYC_1985.jpg 2x" data-file-width="705" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Street art by <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Larmee" title="Kevin Larmee">Kevin Larmee</a>, SoHo, New York City (1985)</figcaption></figure> Slogans of protest and political or social commentary graffiti on walls are the precursor to modern graffiti and street art, and continue as one aspect of the genre. Street art in the form of text or simple iconic graphics of corporate icons can become well-known yet enigmatic symbols of an area or an era.<a href="#cite_note-Village_Voice_Mott-7">[7]</a> Some credit the <a href="/wiki/Kilroy_Was_Here" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilroy Was Here">Kilroy Was Here</a> graffiti of the World War II era as one such early example; a simple line-drawing of a long-nosed man peering from behind a ledge. Author <a href="/wiki/Charles_Panati" title="Charles Panati">Charles Panati</a> indirectly touched upon the general appeal of street art in his description of the "Kilroy" graffiti as "outrageous not for what it said, but where it turned up".<a href="#cite_note-Kilroy-8">[8]</a> Much of what can now be defined as modern street art has well-documented origins dating from <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Graffiti_in_the_United_States" title="Graffiti in the United States">graffiti boom</a>, with its infancy in the 1960s, maturation in the 1970s, and peaking with the <a href="/wiki/Spray_paint_art" title="Spray paint art">spray-painted</a> full-car subway train murals of the 1980s centered in <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">the Bronx</a>. As the 1980s progressed, a shift occurred from text-based works of early in the decade to visually conceptual street art such as <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hambleton" title="Richard Hambleton">Hambleton</a>'s shadow figures.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> This period coincides with <a href="/wiki/Keith_Haring" title="Keith Haring">Keith Haring</a>'s subway advertisement subversions and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Basquiat" title="Jean-Michel Basquiat">Jean-Michel Basquiat</a>'s <a href="/wiki/SAMO" title="SAMO">SAMO</a> tags. What is now recognized as "street art" had yet to become a realistic career consideration, and offshoots such as <a href="/wiki/Stencil_graffiti" title="Stencil graffiti">stencil graffiti</a> were in their infancy. <a href="/wiki/Flyposting" title="Flyposting">Wheatpasted</a> <a href="/wiki/Street_poster_art" title="Street poster art">street poster art</a> used to promote bands and the clubs where they performed evolved into actual artwork or copy-art and became a common sight during the 1980s in cities worldwide.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The group working collectively as <a href="/wiki/AVANT" title="AVANT">AVANT</a> was also active in New York during this period.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Punk rock music's subversive ideologies were also instrumental to street art's evolution as an art form during the 1980s. Some of the anti-museum mentality can be attributed to the ideology of <a href="/wiki/Filippo_Tommaso_Marinetti" title="Filippo Tommaso Marinetti">Marinetti</a> who in 1909 wrote the "<a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_Futurism" title="Manifesto of Futurism">Manifesto of Futurism</a>" with a quote that reads, "we will destroy all the museums."<a href="#cite_note-:0-11">[11]</a> Many street artists claim we do not live in a museum so art should be in public with no tickets.<a href="#cite_note-:0-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_iconic_works">Early iconic works</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early iconic works">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Houston_Street_at_the_Bowery_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Houston_Street_at_the_Bowery_2008.jpg/220px-Houston_Street_at_the_Bowery_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Houston_Street_at_the_Bowery_2008.jpg/330px-Houston_Street_at_the_Bowery_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Houston_Street_at_the_Bowery_2008.jpg/440px-Houston_Street_at_the_Bowery_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2118" data-file-height="1590" /></a><figcaption>The 2010 recreation of <a href="/wiki/Keith_Haring" title="Keith Haring">Keith Haring</a>'s original 1982 mural; New York City's <a href="/wiki/Bowery_Mural" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowery Mural">Bowery Mural</a> wall at <a href="/wiki/Houston_Street" title="Houston Street">Houston Street</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bowery" title="Bowery">Bowery</a></figcaption></figure> The northwest wall of the intersection at <a href="/wiki/Houston_Street" title="Houston Street">Houston Street</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bowery" title="Bowery">Bowery</a> in New York City has been a target of artists since the 1970s. The site, now sometimes referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Bowery_Mural" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowery Mural">Bowery Mural</a>, originated as a derelict wall that graffiti artists used freely. <a href="/wiki/Keith_Haring" title="Keith Haring">Keith Haring</a> once commandeered the wall for his use in 1982. After Haring, a stream of well-known street artists followed, until the wall had gradually taken on prestigious status. By 2008, the wall became privately managed and made available to artists by commission or invitation only.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] A series of murals by <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Moncada" title="René Moncada">René Moncada</a> began appearing on the streets of <a href="/wiki/SoHo" class="mw-redirect" title="SoHo">SoHo</a> in the late 1970s emblazoned with the words <a href="/wiki/I_AM_THE_BEST_ARTIST_Rene" title="I AM THE BEST ARTIST Rene">I AM THE BEST ARTIST</a>. René has described the murals as a thumb in the nose to the art community he felt he had helped pioneer but by which he later felt ignored by.<a href="#cite_note-Village_Voice_Mott-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tierney-12">[12]</a> Recognized as an early act of "art provocation",<a href="#cite_note-NYPress-13">[13]</a> they were a topic of conversation and debate at the time; related legal conflicts raised discussion about intellectual property, artist's rights and the <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Leagle-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Landes-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ginsburgh-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lerner-17">[17]</a> The ubiquitous murals also became a popular backdrop to photographs taken by tourists and art students, as well as for advertising layouts and Hollywood films.<a href="#cite_note-SoHo-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-SoHo_NY-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Film-20">[20]</a> IATBA murals were often defaced, only to be repainted by René.<a href="#cite_note-NYPress-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-SoHo2-21">[21]</a> <a href="/wiki/Franco_the_Great" title="Franco the Great">Franco the Great</a>, also known as the "Picasso of Harlem" is another world famous street artist internationally known also for his New Art form. There were riots in the streets when <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.">was assassinated in 1968</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a> business owners retaliated by installing drab-looking metal gates on their store fronts. Franco decided to turn a negative into a positive by developing a new art form on the steel gates in 1978. He has painted over 200 gates from the west to the east side of 125th street on Sundays since then, when stores are closed. <a href="/wiki/125th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="125th Street (Manhattan)">125th Street</a> in Harlem is unofficially known as "Franco's Blvd" because of his magnificent paintings on the metal business gates.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commercial_crossover">Commercial crossover</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Commercial crossover">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style> Some street artists have earned international attention for their work and have made a full transition from street art into the mainstream art world—some while continuing to produce art on the streets. <a href="/wiki/Keith_Haring" title="Keith Haring">Keith Haring</a> was among the earliest wave of street artists in the 1980s to do so. Traditional graffiti and street art motifs have also increasingly been incorporated into mainstream advertising, with many instances of artists contracted to work as graphic designers for corporations. Graffiti artist <a href="/wiki/Eric_Haze" title="Eric Haze">Haze</a> has provided font and graphic designs for music acts such as the <a href="/wiki/Beastie_Boys" title="Beastie Boys">Beastie Boys</a> and <a href="/wiki/Public_Enemy_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Enemy (band)">Public Enemy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Shepard_Fairey" title="Shepard Fairey">Shepard Fairey</a>'s street posters of then-presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> were reworked by a special commission for use in the presidential campaign. A version of the artwork also appeared on the cover of <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine. It is also not uncommon for street artists to start their own merchandising lines.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Street art has received artistic recognition with the high-profile status of <a href="/wiki/Banksy" title="Banksy">Banksy</a> and other artists. This has led street art to become one of the 'sights to see' in many European cities. Some artists now provide tours of local street art and can share their knowledge, explaining the ideas behind many works, the reasons for tagging, and the messages portrayed in a lot of graffiti work. Berlin, London, Paris, Hamburg and other cities all have popular street art tours running all year round. In London alone there are supposedly ten different graffiti tours available for tourists.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Many of these organizations, such as Alternative London,<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> ParisStreetArt,<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> AlternativeBerlin,<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> pride themselves on working with local artists, so visitors can get an authentic experience and not just a rehearsed script. Many of these guides are painters, fine-art graduates and other creative professionals that have found the medium of street art as a way to exhibit their work. With this commercial angle, they can let people into the world of street art and give them more of an understanding of where it comes from. It has been argued that this growing popularity of street art has made it a factor in <a href="/wiki/Gentrification" title="Gentrification">gentrification</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legality_and_ethics">Legality and ethics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legality and ethics">edit</a>]</div> Street art can have legal problems. The parties involved can include the artist, the city or municipal government, the intended recipient and the owner of the structure or the medium where the work was displayed. One example is a case in 2014 in Bristol, England, which illustrates the legal, moral and ethical questions that can occur. The Mobile Lovers by <a href="/wiki/Banksy" title="Banksy">Banksy</a> was painted on plywood on a public doorway, then cut out by a citizen who in turn was going to sell the piece to garner funds for a boys' club. The city government in turn confiscated the artwork and placed it in a museum. Banksy, hearing of the conundrum, then bequeathed it to the original citizen, thinking his intentions were genuine. In this case, as in others, the controversy of ownership and public property, as well as the issues of trespassing and vandalism, are issues to be resolved legally.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Copyright">Copyright</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Copyright">edit</a>]</div> In 2005, <a href="/wiki/Banksy" title="Banksy">Banksy</a> stated that "Copyright is for losers ©™".<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a>. Under United States law, works of street art should be able to find copyright protection as long as they are legally installed and can fulfil two additional conditions; originality in the work, and that it is fixed in a tangible medium.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> This copyright would then survive for the lifespan of the artist plus 70 years.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> In case there is a collaboration between two artists, both would hold joint ownership in the copyright.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Street artists also hold <a href="/wiki/Moral_rights" title="Moral rights">moral rights</a> in their work, independent of economic rights arising from copyright. These include the right to integrity and the right to attribution.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Recently, street art has started to gain recognition among art critics, and some major companies have found themselves in trouble for using this art without permission for advertising. In such a case, <a href="/wiki/H%26M" title="H&M">H&M</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Fast_fashion" title="Fast fashion">fast fashion</a> retailer used street art by Jason "Revok" Williams in an advertisement series.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> In response to Williams' '<a href="/wiki/Cease_and_Desist" class="mw-redirect" title="Cease and Desist">Cease and Desist</a>' notice, however, H&M filed a lawsuit, alleging that since the work is a "product of criminal conduct", it cannot be protected by copyright. This view has been taken earlier too, in the cases of Villa v. Pearson Education<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moschino" title="Moschino">Moschino</a> and Jeremy Tierney.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> In all three cases, before the judge could make a ruling on the issue of the illegality of the art, settlements were reached.<a href="#cite_note-HHRArtLaw-37">[37]</a> These companies typically settle out of court to avoid costly, time-consuming litigation. When it comes to the question of the destruction of street art, the United States has applied the <a href="/wiki/Visual_Artists_Rights_Act" title="Visual Artists Rights Act">Visual Artists Right Act (VARA)</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> to introduce moral rights into copyright law. In English v. BFC & R East 11th Street LLC and Pollara v. Seymour, it was held that this Act was inapplicable to works of art placed illicitly. A distinction was also made between the removable and non-removable works, indicating that if a work can be removed trivially, it cannot be destroyed, irrespective of its legal status.<a href="#cite_note-HHRArtLaw-37">[37]</a> Another important factor considered by the court in the latter case was whether the artwork was "of a recognized stature".<a href="#cite_note-HHRArtLaw-37">[37]</a> In a case where a group of artists was awarded $6.7 million, the judge held that the art was not made without permission of the owner of the building, and that an important factor was that the demolition was done ahead of the intended date, indicating willful thought.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Street_art,_guerrilla_art_and_graffiti">Street art, guerrilla art and graffiti</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Street art, guerrilla art and graffiti">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Graffiti_de_Fasim,_en_Alcoy..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Graffiti_de_Fasim%2C_en_Alcoy..jpg/255px-Graffiti_de_Fasim%2C_en_Alcoy..jpg" decoding="async" width="255" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Graffiti_de_Fasim%2C_en_Alcoy..jpg/383px-Graffiti_de_Fasim%2C_en_Alcoy..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Graffiti_de_Fasim%2C_en_Alcoy..jpg/510px-Graffiti_de_Fasim%2C_en_Alcoy..jpg 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="2362" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_art" title="Guerrilla art">Guerrilla art</a>, a humanist mural by Fasim in <a href="/wiki/Alcoy,_Spain" title="Alcoy, Spain">Alcoi</a>, 2018, <a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a>, Spain</figcaption></figure> Graffiti is characteristically made up of written words that are meant to represent a group or community in a covert way and in plain sight. The telltale sign of street art is that it usually includes images, illustrations, or symbols that are meant to convey a message.<a href="#cite_note-Bloch2015-40">[40]</a> While both works are meant to represent or tell a message to viewers, one difference between the two comes in the specific viewers that it is meant for. One trait of street art that has helped to bring it to positive light in the public eye is that the messages shown are usually made to be understandable to all.<a href="#cite_note-Bloch2015-40">[40]</a> While both of these types of art have many differences, there are more similarities than their origins. Both graffiti and street art are works of art that are created with the same intent. Most artists, whether they are working anonymously, creating an intentionally incomprehensible message, or fighting for some greater cause are working with the same ambitions for popularity, recognition and the public display or outpouring of their personal thoughts, feelings and passions.<a href="#cite_note-Bloch2015-40">[40]</a> The term street art is described in many different ways, one of which is the term "guerrilla art". Both terms describe these public works that are placed with meaning and intent. They can be done anonymously for works that are created to confront taboo issues that will result in a backlash, or under the name of a well-known artist. With any terminology, these works of art are created as a primary way to express the artist's thoughts on many topics and issues.<a href="#cite_note-Campos2015-41">[41]</a> As with graffiti, an initial trait or feature of street art is that it is often created on or in a public area without or against the permission of the owner.<a href="#cite_note-Bacharach2015-42">[42]</a> A main distinction between the two comes in the second trait of street art or guerrilla art, where it is made to represent and display a purposefully uncompliant act that is meant to challenge its surrounding environment.<a href="#cite_note-Bacharach2015-42">[42]</a> This challenge can be granular, focusing on issues within the community or broadly sweeping, addressing global issues on a public stage. This is how the term "guerrilla art" was associated with this type of work and behavior. The word ties back to guerrilla warfare in history where attacks are made wildly, without control and with no rules of engagement. This type of warfare was dramatically different from the previously formal and traditional fighting that went on in wars normally. When used in the context of street art, the term guerilla art is meant to give a nod to the artist's uncontrolled, unexpected and often unnamed attack on societal structure or norms.<a href="#cite_note-Sisko2015-43">[43]</a> Some have asked if it is sufficient to place art in the street to make street art; Nicholas Riggle looks more critically at the border between graffiti and street art and states that "an artwork is street art if—and only if—its material use of the street is internal to its meaning".<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> The street is not a blank canvas for the street artist. It has a character, a use, a history, a texture, a shape. Street art, as well as broader urban art, transforms the street or opens the dialogue. Justin Armstrong states graffiti is identified as an aesthetic occupation of spaces, whereas urban street art repurposes them.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guerilla_sculpture">Guerilla sculpture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Guerilla sculpture">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Framedrules_landschap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Framedrules_landschap.jpg/220px-Framedrules_landschap.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Framedrules_landschap.jpg/330px-Framedrules_landschap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Framedrules_landschap.jpg/440px-Framedrules_landschap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3993" data-file-height="5990" /></a><figcaption>Framed Rules is an art installation in public space by Koen van Rijn, placed on 21 November 2019, in the <a href="/wiki/Museumpark" title="Museumpark">Museumpark</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>, Netherlands.</figcaption></figure> Guerilla sculpture is the placement of sculptures in street settings without official approval; it developed from street art in England in the late 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-Sisko2015-43">[43]</a> In addition to the nontraditional setting of the works of art involved, there are also many different techniques used in the creation of this artwork. The artists tend to work illegally and in secrecy to create and place these works in the dark of night, cloaked in mystery regarding their origins and creators. The sculptures are used to express the artist's views and to reach an audience that would not otherwise be reached through more traditional methods of displaying one's work to the public. In performing these acts of artistic expression, they are not working to gain acceptance or love of the people that they reach, but at times may even anger those who view their work.<a href="#cite_note-Sisko2015-43">[43]</a> An example is the overnight appearance of an unsanctioned sculpture of <a href="/wiki/Edward_Snowden" title="Edward Snowden">Edward Snowden</a> onto a column in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Greene_Park" title="Fort Greene Park">Fort Greene Park</a> in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-Sisko2015-43">[43]</a> In other cases, the sculptures integrate two-dimensional backdrops with a three-dimensional component, such as one by Banksy titled <a href="/wiki/Spy_Booth" title="Spy Booth">Spy Booth</a> (2014). The backdrop was painted on a wall in Cheltenham, England and featured <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold-War</a> spy characters adorned in trench coats and fedoras, with spy accoutrements, microphones and reel-to-reel tape decks. These characters appeared to be <a href="/wiki/Phone_tap" class="mw-redirect" title="Phone tap">tapping into</a> a broken telephone booth.<a href="#cite_note-Sisko2015-43">[43]</a> On 15 July 2020, a month after the statue of <a href="/wiki/Edward_Colston" title="Edward Colston">Edward Colston</a> was pulled down during <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a> protests in <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>, artist <a href="/wiki/Marc_Quinn" title="Marc Quinn">Marc Quinn</a> used the empty plinth to display his sculpture <a href="/wiki/A_Surge_of_Power_(Jen_Reid)_2020" title="A Surge of Power (Jen Reid) 2020">A Surge of Power (Jen Reid)</a>. The life-sized piece, created from black resin and steel,<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> was inspired by a picture of protester Jen Reid, raising her fist during the Bristol protest that subsequently went viral and caught the attention of Quinn. The statue was removed by Bristol City Council on 16 July 2020.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> A deviation from the unsanctioned street sculpture is "institutionalized guerilla sculpture", which is sanctioned by civic authorities and can be commercialized. One such artist from the Netherlands is <a href="/wiki/Florentijn_Hofman" title="Florentijn Hofman">Florentijn Hofman</a>, who in 2007 created <a href="/wiki/Rubber_Duck_(sculpture)" title="Rubber Duck (sculpture)">Rubber Duck</a>, a colossal rendition of the childhood tub-toy. In Latin America, especially Mexico, the term <a href="/wiki/Antimonumento" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimonumento">antimonumento</a> has developed as the equivalent to political guerilla sculpture, or simply, an illegal installation of a politically themed sculpture. They are used to denounce the inaction of the state and reclaim public space.<a href="#cite_note-:2-48">[48]</a> Normally an antimonumento is installed during a demonstration<a href="#cite_note-:2-48">[48]</a> and, as <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1rcio_Seligmann-Silva" class="extiw" title="pt:Márcio Seligmann-Silva">Márcio Seligmann-Silva</a> writes, "corresponds to a desire to actively recall the (painful) past."<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Some of the issues commemorated are disappearances, massacres, migration, and the killing of women.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> They are used to denounce the inaction of the state and reclaim public space. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_acceptance">Public acceptance</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Public acceptance">edit</a>]</div> Although street art may be ubiquitous around the world, the popularity of its artistic expression is relatively recent. Street art has undergone a major transformation in public opinion to become socially accepted and respected in some public places.<a href="#cite_note-Bacharach2015-42">[42]</a> Even with this degree of acceptance, defacing private or public property with any and all message, whether it is considered art or not, is still widely illegal.<a href="#cite_note-Bacharach2015-42">[42]</a> In the beginning, graffiti was the only form of street art that there was and it was widely considered to be a delinquent act of territorial marking and crude messaging. Initially, there were very clear divisions between the work of a street artist and the act of tagging a public or private property, but in recent years where the artists are treading the line between the two, this line has become increasingly blurred.<a href="#cite_note-Bacharach2015-42">[42]</a> Those who truly appreciate the work of famed street artists or street works of art are in acceptance of the fact that this art would not be the same without the medium being the street. The works are subject to whatever change or destruction may come because since they are created on public or private surfaces which are neither owned by the artist or permitted to be worked on by the property owners. This acceptance of the potential impermanence of the works of art and the public placement of the uncondoned works are what contribute to the meaning of the piece and therefore, what helps the growth of street art popularity.<a href="#cite_note-Bacharach2015-42">[42]</a> In the 21st century, a number of American cities began installing poetry into <a href="/wiki/Sidewalk" title="Sidewalk">sidewalk</a> cement, sometimes holding public contests to choose new poems.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Perhaps contrary to earlier anti-museum and ticket sale sentiments of some street artists; a dedicated exhibition to Street Art under the title 'Urban' opened in <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Museum_and_Art_Gallery" title="Peterborough Museum and Art Gallery">Peterborough Museum</a>, United Kingdom, on the 11th December 2021. With tickets for the preview evening selling at £5 GDP and subsequent entry being charged at £8 per person. The exhibition has been promoted as being of 'major national [UK] importance' and celebrating artists such as Banksy, <a href="/wiki/Damien_Hirst" title="Damien Hirst">Damien Hirst</a>, My Dog Sighs, the Connor Brothers, Pure Evil and <a href="/wiki/Blek_le_Rat" title="Blek le Rat">Blek le Rat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> While street art and sculpture has been on display at <a href="/wiki/Bristol_City_Museum_and_Art_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery">Bristol Museum</a> since a <a href="/wiki/Banksy" title="Banksy">Banksy</a> 'takeover' in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beautification_movement">Beautification movement</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Beautification movement">edit</a>]</div> Given the various benefits and sometimes high return on investment<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> street art provides businesses, schools, neighborhoods and cities with a movement as a tool to create safer, brighter, more colorful and inspiring communities, a trend which has recently been more widely recognized. Organizations like Beautify Earth have pioneered cities to leverage these benefits to create widespread beauty where it would be otherwise empty or dilapidated public wall space.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> A <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> article written by Sydney Page has stated that according to a safety study produced by Bloomberg Philanthropies in partnership with the consulting firm Sam Schwartzentitled "Asphalt Art Safety Study", crosswalks painted with murals have been found to significantly reduce the frequency of accidents occurring at such sites.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America">North America</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: North America">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Canada">Canada</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Canada">edit</a>]</div> In <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, with over 80 murals and counting since the foundation of <a href="/wiki/MURAL_Festival" title="MURAL Festival">MURAL Festival</a> in 2013, the annual street art festival contributed to creating <a href="/wiki/Le_Plateau-Mont-Royal" title="Le Plateau-Mont-Royal">Le Plateau-Mont-Royal</a> as an epicenter for urban arts. <a href="/wiki/Villeray" class="mw-redirect" title="Villeray">Villeray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Montreal" title="Downtown Montreal">Downtown Montreal</a> <a href="/wiki/Le_Sud-Ouest" title="Le Sud-Ouest">Le Sud-Ouest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hochelaga-Maisonneuve" title="Hochelaga-Maisonneuve">Hochelaga-Maisonneuve</a>, and multiple art districts also continue to broaden the street art circuit within the Island of Montreal.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The Under Pressure annual graffiti festival, the largest of its kind in North America, celebrated its 25th anniversary in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-Under_Pressure-59">[59]</a> <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> has a significant <a href="/wiki/Graffiti_in_Toronto" title="Graffiti in Toronto">graffiti scene</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a>, while historically having a smaller graffiti street art scene, recently started the Beltline Urban Mural Project (BUMP) with artists from all over the world creating large murals in the city center.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tylicki_street_art_war_graffiti_New_York_1982.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Tylicki_street_art_war_graffiti_New_York_1982.jpg/220px-Tylicki_street_art_war_graffiti_New_York_1982.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Tylicki_street_art_war_graffiti_New_York_1982.jpg/330px-Tylicki_street_art_war_graffiti_New_York_1982.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Tylicki_street_art_war_graffiti_New_York_1982.jpg/440px-Tylicki_street_art_war_graffiti_New_York_1982.jpg 2x" data-file-width="966" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption>Early Street art by <a href="/wiki/Jacek_Tylicki" title="Jacek Tylicki">Jacek Tylicki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_East_Side" title="Lower East Side">Lower East Side</a>, New York City (1982)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chelsea_Street_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Chelsea_Street_Art.jpg/220px-Chelsea_Street_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Chelsea_Street_Art.jpg/330px-Chelsea_Street_Art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Chelsea_Street_Art.jpg/440px-Chelsea_Street_Art.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Street Art in Manhattan, New York City, 15 September 2017</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> attracts artists from around the world.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, "post-graffiti" street art grew in the 1980s from the then largely vacant neighborhoods of <a href="/wiki/SoHo" class="mw-redirect" title="SoHo">SoHo</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lower_East_Side" title="Lower East Side">Lower East Side</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Chelsea,_Manhattan" title="Chelsea, Manhattan">Chelsea</a> art district became another locale, with area galleries also hosting formal exhibitions of street artist's work. In <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Brooklyn" title="Williamsburg, Brooklyn">Williamsburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dumbo,_Brooklyn" title="Dumbo, Brooklyn">Dumbo</a> neighborhoods—especially near the waterfront—are recognized street art sites.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> New York City's unofficial mural district is in <a href="/wiki/Bushwick,_Brooklyn" title="Bushwick, Brooklyn">Bushwick, Brooklyn</a>, with curatorial gatekeeping by a non-profit organization called The <a href="/wiki/Bushwick_Collective" title="Bushwick Collective">Bushwick Collective</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> has many forms of street art emerging but some of the most popular artists that can be seen everywhere in Chicago is Sentrock, Jc Rivera (The Bear Champ), and Hebru Brantley. Programs in the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> cities of <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a> provide funding to agencies who employ street artists to decorate city walls. The <a href="/wiki/Mural_Arts_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Mural Arts Program">Mural Arts Program</a> established in 1984 has helped Philadelphia earn praise as the "City of Murals". The project was initiated to encourage graffiti artists toward a more constructive use of their talents. Murals backed by <a href="/wiki/The_Sprout_Fund" title="The Sprout Fund">The Sprout Fund</a> in Pittsburgh were named the "Best Public Art" by the <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_City_Paper" title="Pittsburgh City Paper">Pittsburgh City Paper</a> in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Juan_Pineda_(May_2017)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Juan_Pineda_%28May_2017%29_01.jpg/220px-Juan_Pineda_%28May_2017%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Juan_Pineda_%28May_2017%29_01.jpg/330px-Juan_Pineda_%28May_2017%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Juan_Pineda_%28May_2017%29_01.jpg/440px-Juan_Pineda_%28May_2017%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Street art by Juan Pineda in Washington, D.C., with Juan Pineda in photo</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Street_art_in_Atlanta" title="Street art in Atlanta">Street art in Atlanta</a> centers on the <a href="/wiki/Old_Fourth_Ward" title="Old Fourth Ward">Old Fourth Ward</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reynoldstown" class="mw-redirect" title="Reynoldstown">Reynoldstown</a> neighborhoods, the <a href="/wiki/Krog_Street_Tunnel" title="Krog Street Tunnel">Krog Street Tunnel</a>, and along the 22-mile <a href="/wiki/BeltLine" class="mw-redirect" title="BeltLine">BeltLine</a> railway corridor which circles the inner city. Atlanta established a Graffiti Task Force in 2011. Although the city selected a number of murals that would not be targeted by the task force, the selection process overlooked street art of the popular Krug Street Tunnel site. Art created in conjunction with the <a href="/wiki/Living_Walls_(conference)" class="mw-redirect" title="Living Walls (conference)">Living Walls</a> street art conference, which Atlanta hosts annually, was spared. Some actions were taken by the unit, including arrests of artists deemed vandals, caused community opposition; some considered the city's efforts as "misdirected" or "futile".<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> After being sued by a group of artists in 2017 the city of Atlanta agreed not to enforce an ordinance requiring artists to obtain city approval for murals on private property.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Images and locations of over 200 works of Atlanta street art can be found on the Atlanta Street Art Map.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sarasota" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarasota">Sarasota</a>, Florida, hosts an annual street art event, the <a href="/wiki/Sarasota_Chalk_Festival" title="Sarasota Chalk Festival">Sarasota Chalk Festival</a>, founded in 2007. An independent offshoot known as Going Vertical sponsors works by street artists, but some have been removed as controversial.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Arts_District,_Los_Angeles" title="Arts District, Los Angeles">Arts District</a> is known for its high concentration street murals.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> The neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood</a> and streets such as <a href="/wiki/Sunset_Boulevard" title="Sunset Boulevard">Sunset Boulevard</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Brea_Avenue" title="La Brea Avenue">La Brea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Boulevard" title="Beverly Boulevard">Beverly Boulevard</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Cienega_Boulevard" title="La Cienega Boulevard">La Cienega</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Melrose_Avenue" title="Melrose Avenue">Melrose Avenue</a> are among other key locations.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> <a href="/wiki/LAB_ART_Los_Angeles" title="LAB ART Los Angeles">LAB ART Los Angeles</a>, opened in 2011, devotes its 6,500 square feet of gallery space to street art. Artwork by locals such as <a href="/wiki/Alec_Monopoly" title="Alec Monopoly">Alec Monopoly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annie_Preece" title="Annie Preece">Annie Preece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smear_(Cristian_Gheorghiu)" class="mw-redirect" title="Smear (Cristian Gheorghiu)">Smear</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morley_(artist)" title="Morley (artist)">Morley</a> are among the collection. San Francisco's <a href="/wiki/Mission_District,_San_Francisco" title="Mission District, San Francisco">Mission District</a>, center of the <a href="/wiki/Mission_School" title="Mission School">Mission School</a> movement, has densely packed street art along Mission Street, and along both <a href="/wiki/Clarion_Alley" title="Clarion Alley">Clarion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balmy_Alley" title="Balmy Alley">Balmy Alleys</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Streets of <a href="/wiki/Hayes_Valley,_San_Francisco" title="Hayes Valley, San Francisco">Hayes Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_of_Market,_San_Francisco" title="South of Market, San Francisco">SoMa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bayview-Hunters_Point,_San_Francisco" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayview-Hunters Point, San Francisco">Bayview-Hunters Point</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tenderloin,_San_Francisco" title="Tenderloin, San Francisco">Tenderloin</a> have also become known for street art.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>'s East Village, Little Italy, North Park, and South Park neighborhoods contain street artwork of <a href="/wiki/VHILS" class="mw-redirect" title="VHILS">VHILS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shepard_Fairey" title="Shepard Fairey">Shepard Fairey</a>, Tavar Zawacki a.k.a. <a href="/wiki/Above_(artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Above (artist)">ABOVE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Invader_(artist)" title="Invader (artist)">Space Invader</a>, <a href="/wiki/Os_G%C3%AAmeos" class="mw-redirect" title="Os Gêmeos">Os Gêmeos</a>, among others. Murals by various Mexican artists can be seen at <a href="/wiki/Chicano_Park" title="Chicano Park">Chicano Park</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Barrio_Logan" class="mw-redirect" title="Barrio Logan">Barrio Logan</a> neighborhood. <a href="/wiki/Chicano_Park" title="Chicano Park">Chicano Park</a>, which was a part of people’s land takeover in 1970, celebrated its 52nd anniversary in 2022. The more than 80 murals depict many aspects of Latino culture from <a href="/wiki/Lowrider" title="Lowrider">lowrider culture</a> to <a href="/wiki/Aztec_warfare" title="Aztec warfare">Aztec warriors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Since the COVID-19 pandemic, Ground Floor Murals has created works that recognize the multicultural communities of San Diego, including Mexican singer <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Vicente Fernández">Vicente Fernández</a>,<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> players from the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Padres" title="San Diego Padres">San Diego Padres</a>, and important local community members.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Their first mural was of Padres’ legend, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Gwynn" title="Tony Gwynn">Tony Gwynn</a> in <a href="/wiki/City_Heights,_San_Diego" title="City Heights, San Diego">City Heights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a>, Virginia has over 100 murals created by artists, many of whom are alumni of <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Commonwealth_University%27s_School_of_the_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Virginia Commonwealth University's School of the Arts">Virginia Commonwealth University's School of the Arts</a> or current students there. Some of the murals are privately commissioned by individuals and businesses, some are created by solo street artists, and some are collaborative group fund-raising projects.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a> street artists have been busy brightening (and enlightening) the urban landscape for decades by making canvases of the city's alleyways, building exteriors, warehouses, garage doors and storefronts.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> The city of Denver has a whole area called the River North Art District (RiNo) that is dedicated to the work of local creative artists. Most artists in the RiNo district are commissioned by the local business owners who want to give their buildings colorful imagery.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mexico">Mexico</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Mexico">edit</a>]</div> The manifestations of street art in Mexico began in the late 80s in Mexico City, inside multifamily buildings in the north of the city and also in the subway. Since then, urban art and graffiti have formed an essential part of cultural identity in the different city halls of the metropolis. Currently, some different associations and groups are dedicated to the creation and search of spaces for urban art in Mexico City and throughout the country. Even several artists, both national and foreign or emerging and consolidated, have taken their art to the Latin American country. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vhils-all-city-canvas-global-series-hermosillo-por-jose-pando-lucas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="mural de Vhils en México" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Vhils-all-city-canvas-global-series-hermosillo-por-jose-pando-lucas.jpg/220px-Vhils-all-city-canvas-global-series-hermosillo-por-jose-pando-lucas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Vhils-all-city-canvas-global-series-hermosillo-por-jose-pando-lucas.jpg/330px-Vhils-all-city-canvas-global-series-hermosillo-por-jose-pando-lucas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Vhils-all-city-canvas-global-series-hermosillo-por-jose-pando-lucas.jpg/440px-Vhils-all-city-canvas-global-series-hermosillo-por-jose-pando-lucas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="472" /></a><figcaption>Mural de Vhils en Parque La Ruina (Hermosillo, Sonora), producido para ACC Global Series</figcaption></figure> There are also media, such as All City Canvas,<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> specialized in the dissemination of urban art in Mexico, Latin America and the rest of the world. In that way, it has been possible to create a universal language around this artistic manifestation. Even in 2012, All City Canvas was the first organization to create a street art festival in Mexico that sought to join international efforts and create urban art for a week in Mexico City. In recent years, they have produced several murals in collaboration with talented artists such as <a href="/wiki/Vhils" title="Vhils">Vhils</a>, It's a Living and Bier in Brood,<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> as part of the All City Canvas Global Series<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> in some cities in Mexico and the United States. The objective of the initiative is to create an impact on society through a large-scale piece of art. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_America">South America</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: South America">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> has developed a reputation for its large scale murals and artworks in many subway stations and public spaces. The first graffiti artists started painting in the street in the Argentine capital in the mid-1990s after visiting other countries in Europe and South America. One of the first recognized street artists in Argentina is Alfredo Segatori, nicknamed 'Pelado', who began painting in 1994 and holds the record for the largest mural in Argentina<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> measuring more than 2000 square meters. An abundance of buildings slated for demolition provides blank canvases to a multitude of artists, and the authorities cannot keep up with removing artists' output. "Population density" and "urban anxiety" are common motifs expressed by "Grafiteiros" in their street art and <a href="/wiki/Picha%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Pichação">pichação</a>, rune-like black graffiti, said to convey feelings of class conflict. Influential Brazilian street artists include Claudio Ethos, <a href="/wiki/Os_G%C3%AAmeos" class="mw-redirect" title="Os Gêmeos">Os Gêmeos</a>, Vitche, Onesto, and Herbert Baglione.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-Claudio_Ethos-87">[87]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a> has a lot of walls dedicated to street art and a powerful artistic movement. The tourist can appreciate several wall performances: <a href="/wiki/Avenida_El_Dorado_(TransMilenio)" title="Avenida El Dorado (TransMilenio)">Avenida El Dorado (TransMilenio)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avenida_Suba" title="Avenida Suba">Avenida Suba</a> and the historical neighborhood <a href="/wiki/La_Candelaria,_Bogot%C3%A1" title="La Candelaria, Bogotá">La Candelaria</a>. Also, there is the Distrito graffiti (graffiti district), that is a dedicated place with gubernatorial curatory with more than 600 pieces of Colombian and international artists.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <a href="/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a> at the beginning this art the works had a more cultural air, much of the first street arts in the country were related to politics. Messages of disagreement or support for the leaders of the moment predominated. Over the years, street art in Venezuela has evolved. The works with political accents continued to star in the streets of the country, but culture became part of the arena. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Graffiti_Per%C3%BA.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Graffiti in Lima, Peru (2014)"><img alt="Graffiti in Lima, Peru (2014)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Graffiti_Per%C3%BA.jpg/160px-Graffiti_Per%C3%BA.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Graffiti_Per%C3%BA.jpg/240px-Graffiti_Per%C3%BA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Graffiti_Per%C3%BA.jpg/320px-Graffiti_Per%C3%BA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Graffiti in <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, Peru (2014)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Os_G%C3%AAmeos.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Work of Brazilian artists Os Gêmeos, in Lisbon, Portugal (2011)"><img alt="Work of Brazilian artists Os Gêmeos, in Lisbon, Portugal (2011)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Os_G%C3%AAmeos.jpg/160px-Os_G%C3%AAmeos.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Os_G%C3%AAmeos.jpg/240px-Os_G%C3%AAmeos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Os_G%C3%AAmeos.jpg/320px-Os_G%C3%AAmeos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Work of Brazilian artists <a href="/wiki/Os_G%C3%AAmeos" class="mw-redirect" title="Os Gêmeos">Os Gêmeos</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Lisbon,_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisbon, Portugal">Lisbon</a>, Portugal (2011)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Los_feos_somos_mas_toxicomano.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Graffiti in Bogotá, Colombia (S. XXI)"><img alt="Toxicomano" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Los_feos_somos_mas_toxicomano.png/160px-Los_feos_somos_mas_toxicomano.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Los_feos_somos_mas_toxicomano.png/240px-Los_feos_somos_mas_toxicomano.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Los_feos_somos_mas_toxicomano.png 2x" data-file-width="278" data-file-height="182" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Graffiti in <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a>, Colombia (S. XXI)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Europe">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shop_Until_You_Drop_by_Banksy.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Shop_Until_You_Drop_by_Banksy.JPG/220px-Shop_Until_You_Drop_by_Banksy.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Shop_Until_You_Drop_by_Banksy.JPG/330px-Shop_Until_You_Drop_by_Banksy.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Shop_Until_You_Drop_by_Banksy.JPG/440px-Shop_Until_You_Drop_by_Banksy.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4088" data-file-height="4088" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Banksy" title="Banksy">Banksy</a>'s Shop Until You Drop, Mayfair, London. His politically subversive street art has appeared in the UK and around the world.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Graffiti_in_Tartu_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Graffiti_in_Tartu_03.JPG/220px-Graffiti_in_Tartu_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Graffiti_in_Tartu_03.JPG/330px-Graffiti_in_Tartu_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Graffiti_in_Tartu_03.JPG/440px-Graffiti_in_Tartu_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4512" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Social-critical work about the war on drugs by <a href="/wiki/Edward_von_L%C3%B5ngus" title="Edward von Lõngus">Edward von Lõngus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a>, Estonia</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> became one of the most pro-graffiti cities in the world in the 2010s. Although officially condemned and heavily enforced, street art has a huge following and in many ways is embraced by the public, for example, <a href="/wiki/Stik" title="Stik">Stik</a>'s stick figures.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dulwich_Outdoor_Gallery" title="Dulwich Outdoor Gallery">Dulwich Outdoor Gallery</a>, in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Street_Art_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Street Art London">Street Art London</a>, is an outdoor "gallery" of street art in <a href="/wiki/Dulwich" title="Dulwich">Dulwich</a>, southeast London, with works based on traditional paintings in <a href="/wiki/Dulwich_Picture_Gallery" title="Dulwich Picture Gallery">Dulwich Picture Gallery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Bristol" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Bristol">Bristol</a> has a prominent street art scene, due in part to the success of <a href="/wiki/Banksy" title="Banksy">Banksy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> with many large and colorful murals dominating areas of the city. <a href="/wiki/Ostend,_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostend, Belgium">Ostend, Belgium</a>, hosts an international street art festival. In 2018, US art magazine Juxtapoz described The Crystal Ship as "an art festival that is quickly becoming one of the major annual street art events in the world". Today, it is just that. Having seen the light of day in 2016, every year, The Crystal Ship paints the town of Ostend red (and blue, and green, and yellow, and quite possibly every other colour you can imagine) by inviting a host of acclaimed street artists to get inspired by its people, landscape, and heritage. Curator Bjorn Van Poucke is the driving force behind this street art walhalla, where the work of artists like Axel Void (USA), Paola Delfín (Mexico), Escif (ES), Miss Van (FR), Sebas Velasco (ES), Elian (AR) and Wasted Rita (PT) transform the city. <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> has an active street art scene that is home to artists such as <a href="/wiki/Invader_(artist)" title="Invader (artist)">Space Invader</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jef_A%C3%A9rosol" title="Jef Aérosol">Jef Aérosol</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SP_38&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SP 38 (page does not exist)">SP 38</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zevs_(artist)" title="Zevs (artist)">Zevs</a>. Some connect the origins of street art in France to <a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrism</a> of the 1940s and <a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist</a> slogans painted on the walls of Paris starting in the late 1950s. <a href="/wiki/Nouveau_R%C3%A9alisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Nouveau Réalisme">Nouveau realists</a> of the 1960s, including <a href="/wiki/Jacques_de_la_Villegl%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques de la Villeglé">Jacques de la Villeglé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yves_Klein" title="Yves Klein">Yves Klein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arman" title="Arman">Arman</a> interacted with public spaces but, like <a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">pop art</a>, kept the traditional studio-gallery relationship. The 1962 street installation Rideau de Fer (Iron Curtain) by <a href="/wiki/Christo_and_Jeanne-Claude" title="Christo and Jeanne-Claude">Christo and Jeanne-Claude</a> is cited as an early example of unsanctioned street art. In the 1970s, the site-specific work of <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Buren" title="Daniel Buren">Daniel Buren</a> appeared in the Paris subway. <a href="/wiki/Blek_le_Rat" title="Blek le Rat">Blek le Rat</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Figuration_Libre" title="Figuration Libre">Figuration Libre</a> movement became active in the 1980s.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> The 13 arrondissement is actively promoting street art through the Street Art 13 project. That includes two remarkable frescos by D*Face from London: "Love will not tear us apart" and "Turncoat".<a href="#cite_note-ParisDigest-94">[94]</a> Between October 2014 and March 2015, Fondation EDF hosted <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Catz" title="Jérôme Catz">Jérôme Catz</a>'s exhibition "#STREET ART, L'INNOVATION AU CŒUR D'UN MOUVEMENT", which featured new technologies integrated with pieces by artists including Shepard Fairey, JR, Zevz, and Mark Jenkins. The exhibition became the second most-visited exhibit at EDF since it opened in 1990.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Street artist <a href="/wiki/John_Hamon" title="John Hamon">John Hamon</a>'s work primarily involves projecting or pasting a poster of his photograph above his name on buildings and monuments across the city.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <a href="/wiki/Berlin_wall_graffiti_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin wall graffiti art">Street art on the Berlin Wall</a> was continuous during the time <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> was divided, but street art in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> continued to thrive even after reunification and is home to street artists such as <a href="/wiki/Thierry_Noir" title="Thierry Noir">Thierry Noir</a> Tavar Zawacki a.k.a. <a href="/wiki/Above_(artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Above (artist)">ABOVE</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=SP_38&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SP 38 (page does not exist)">SP 38</a>. Post-communism, cheap rents, and ramshackle buildings gave rise to street art in areas such as <a href="/wiki/Mitte" title="Mitte">Mitte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prenzlauer_Berg" title="Prenzlauer Berg">Prenzlauer Berg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kreuzberg" title="Kreuzberg">Kreuzberg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Friedrichshain" title="Friedrichshain">Friedrichshain</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 2016, <a href="/w/index.php?title=StreetArtNews&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="StreetArtNews (page does not exist)">StreetArtNews</a> initiated an urban artwork in the name of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urban_Nation_Berlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urban Nation Berlin (page does not exist)">Urban Nation Berlin</a>, in which several famous artists participated.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> The second largest city in Estonia, <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a>, has been called the Estonian street art capital.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> While <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> has been against graffiti, Tartu is known for the street art festival Stencibility and for being home to a wide range of works from various artists.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> The street art scene in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> has been active since the late 1980s but gained momentum in <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> leading up to the country's 2011 financial crisis, with a number of artists raising voices of resistance, creating allegorical works and social commentary in the historic city center and <a href="/wiki/Exarhia" class="mw-redirect" title="Exarhia">Exarhia</a> district. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> published a story about the crisis in relation to street art and art in general.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Street art by <a href="/wiki/Bleepsgr" title="Bleepsgr">Bleepsgr</a>, whose work has been categorized as "<a href="/wiki/Artivism" title="Artivism">artivism</a>", can be found in neighborhoods such as <a href="/wiki/Psiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Psiri">Psiri</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barcelona_street_art_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Barcelona_street_art_06.jpg/220px-Barcelona_street_art_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Barcelona_street_art_06.jpg/330px-Barcelona_street_art_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Barcelona_street_art_06.jpg/440px-Barcelona_street_art_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Street art in Barcelona</figcaption></figure> In Spain, <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> represent the most graffiti populated cities, while <a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a> and <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a> also have a street art scene.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chalk_artist_on_a_street,_Florence,_Italy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Chalk_artist_on_a_street%2C_Florence%2C_Italy.jpg/220px-Chalk_artist_on_a_street%2C_Florence%2C_Italy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Chalk_artist_on_a_street%2C_Florence%2C_Italy.jpg/330px-Chalk_artist_on_a_street%2C_Florence%2C_Italy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Chalk_artist_on_a_street%2C_Florence%2C_Italy.jpg/440px-Chalk_artist_on_a_street%2C_Florence%2C_Italy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption>Street artist (chalks) in <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, Italy</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> has been very active in street art since the end of the 1990s; some of the most famous street artists include <a href="/wiki/Blu_(artist)" title="Blu (artist)">BLU</a>, <a href="/wiki/108_artist" class="mw-redirect" title="108 artist">108</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sten_Lex" title="Sten Lex">Sten Lex</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Street art in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> has a long history. In the mid-1960s, the counterculture movement named the <a href="/wiki/Provo_(movement)" title="Provo (movement)">provos</a> already used the street as a canvas. Member <a href="/wiki/Robert_Jasper_Grootveld" title="Robert Jasper Grootveld">Robert Jasper Grootveld</a> wrote things like "Klaas komt" (English: "Klaas is Coming!") throughout the whole city. At the end of the 1970s, young artists from the <a href="/wiki/Punk_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Punk culture">punk culture</a> wrote on the decayed city. Well-known artists from this 'No Future-generation' are <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Vi%C4%8Ds" title="Ivar Vičs">Dr. Rat</a> and Hugo Kaagman, the <a href="/wiki/Stencil_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Stencil art">stencil art</a> pioneer who made his first stencil back in 1978.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Yaki Kornblit brought New York graffiti artists like Blade, <a href="/wiki/DONDI" class="mw-redirect" title="DONDI">Dondi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Futura_(graffiti_artist)" title="Futura (graffiti artist)">Futura 2000</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rammellzee" title="Rammellzee">Rammellzee</a> to Amsterdam to exhibit in his gallery in the early 80s. This inspired the youth, from which a new generation style writers emerged that was later recorded in the documentary <a href="/wiki/Kroonjuwelen" title="Kroonjuwelen">Kroonjuwelen</a> (2006). Names as Delta, Shoe, Jaz, Cat22, <a href="/wiki/Sven_Westendorp" title="Sven Westendorp">High</a>, Again and Rhyme left their mark on the city. In the early 1990s, Amsterdam became the epicenter of the graffiti movement, with a focus on its Metro system, bringing writers such as Mickey, Zedz and Yalt to the capital of the Netherlands.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Figurative street art became more and more common in the streets around the turn of the century. Morcky, Wayne Horse, The London Police en <a href="/wiki/Laser_3.14" title="Laser 3.14">Laser 3.14</a> communicated through their work on the street. The city of <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a> is looked upon as the street art capital of <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ba.no-105">[105]</a> British street artist Banksy visited the city in 2000 and inspired many to take their art to the streets.<a href="#cite_note-Dagbladet.no-106">[106]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dolk_(artist)" title="Dolk (artist)">Dolk</a> is among local street artists in Bergen.<a href="#cite_note-Ba.no2-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bt.no-108">[108]</a> His art can be seen around the city. Bergen's city council in 2009 chose to preserve one of Dolk's works with protective glass.<a href="#cite_note-Ba.no3-109">[109]</a> In 2011, the city council launched a plan of action for street art from 2011 to 2015 to ensure that "Bergen will lead the fashion for street art as an expression both in Norway and <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Bergen.kommune.no-110">[110]</a> The city of <a href="/wiki/Stavanger" title="Stavanger">Stavanger</a> is host to the annual <a href="/wiki/NuArt_Festival" title="NuArt Festival">NuArt Festival</a>, an event dedicated to promoting street art; the festival is one of the oldest curated "street art" festivals in the world. Nuart Plus is an associated industry and academic symposium dedicated to street art. The event takes place each September. <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, by contrast, traditionally has a <a href="/wiki/Zero_tolerance" title="Zero tolerance">zero tolerance</a> policy against graffiti and street art, but the sanctioned NuArt RAD project is changing that.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fascinate_Bromsten_juni_2012_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Fascinate_Bromsten_juni_2012_02.JPG/220px-Fascinate_Bromsten_juni_2012_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Fascinate_Bromsten_juni_2012_02.JPG/330px-Fascinate_Bromsten_juni_2012_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Fascinate_Bromsten_juni_2012_02.JPG/440px-Fascinate_Bromsten_juni_2012_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Graffiti painting in <a href="/wiki/Bromsten" title="Bromsten">Bromsten</a>, Stockholm </figcaption></figure> Street art came to <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> in the 1990s and has since become the most popular way to establish art in public space. The 2007 book "Street Art <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>", by Benke Carlsson, documents street art in the country's capital.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> The street art scene of <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> had its growth spurt from the 1980s onwards until in 1998 the city of <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> began a ten-year zero-tolerance policy which made all forms of street art illegal, punishable with high fines, and enforced through private security contractors. The policy ended in 2008, after which legal walls and art collectives have been established.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Wheatpaste" title="Wheatpaste">Wheatpaste</a> and stencil graffiti art in <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> increased rapidly after visits from <a href="/wiki/FAILE_(artist_collaboration)" title="FAILE (artist collaboration)">Faile</a>, Banksy, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Eine" title="Ben Eine">Ben Eine</a>, and Shepard Fairey between 2002 and 2004, especially in urban areas of <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> such as <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B8rrebro" title="Nørrebro">Nørrebro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vesterbro,_Copenhagen" title="Vesterbro, Copenhagen">Vesterbro</a>.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Copenhagen is home of <a href="/wiki/Tejn_(artist)" title="Tejn (artist)">TEJN</a>, the artist credited with introducing the <a href="/wiki/Lock_On_(street_art)" title="Lock On (street art)">Lock On</a> street art genre. The street art scene in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> saw the artist <a href="/wiki/Harald_Naegeli" title="Harald Naegeli">Harald Nägeli</a> in the late 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> Activity from the nineties on included artists like Toast<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> and <a href="/wiki/NEVERCREW" title="NEVERCREW">NEVERCREW</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Neighbourhood_of_Doom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/The_Neighbourhood_of_Doom.jpg/220px-The_Neighbourhood_of_Doom.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/The_Neighbourhood_of_Doom.jpg/330px-The_Neighbourhood_of_Doom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/The_Neighbourhood_of_Doom.jpg/440px-The_Neighbourhood_of_Doom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5333" data-file-height="3555" /></a><figcaption>Graffiti art in central <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, Poland, 2016</figcaption></figure>Since the collapse of communism in 1989, street art became prevalent in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> throughout the 1990s. Artists like Sainer and Bezt became known for painting huge murals on buildings and walls in the 2010s.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> In the city of <a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź</a> a permanent city exhibition was financed in 2011, under the patronage of Mayor Hanna Zdanowska, called "Urban Forms Gallery".<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> The exhibition included work from some of Poland's elite street artists as well as globally known artists. Despite being mostly accepted by the public, with authorities occasionally allowing artists licenses to decorate public places, other properties are still illegally targeted by artists. <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a> are other Polish cities with a vibrant street art culture.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> A monument in <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> depicting Soviet Army soldiers was targeted by anonymous street artists in June 2011. The soldiers of the monument, located in <a href="/wiki/Sofia,_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Sofia, Bulgaria">Sofia</a>, were embellished to portray <a href="/wiki/Ronald_McDonald" title="Ronald McDonald">Ronald McDonald</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus" title="Santa Claus">Santa Claus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Superman" title="Superman">Superman</a>, and others. The monument existed in that condition for several days before being cleaned. Some citizens were in favor of allowing the embellishments to remain.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Mariupol" title="Mariupol">Mariupol</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> saw building murals playing a symbolic role in the 2014 and <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasions of Ukraine</a>. In 2018, the Ukrainian artist <a href="/wiki/Sasha_Korban" title="Sasha Korban">Sasha Korban</a> painted the mural Milana on a facade of a Mariupol building, showing 3-year-old Milana Abdurashytova, a survivor of a 2015 pro-Russian missile attack, as a symbol of resilience.<a href="#cite_note-AkhmetovFound_mural_project-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guardian_photographer_says-120">[120]</a> The mural was destroyed in late 2022 while Mariupol was still occupied by Russian forces.<a href="#cite_note-WeAreUkraine_RU_invaders_destroyed-121">[121]</a> Also in 2022, the Italian artist <a href="/wiki/Jorit" title="Jorit">Jorit</a> painted a mural of a young Australian girl, found in an online search for the word "pigtails", on another building facade in Mariupol, initially stating that the subject was a girl from <a href="/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas">Donbas</a> who had lived in Mariupol. His inclusion in the mural of a bomb labelled "NATO" in a town that was severely bombed by Russian forces and the relation with Korban's destroyed mural were criticised by media including <a href="/wiki/Il_Giornale" title="Il Giornale">Il Giornale</a> and the investigative journalism website <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valigia_Blu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valigia Blu (page does not exist)">Valigia Blu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ValigiaBlu_Jorit_mural-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guardian_photographer_says-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-IlGiornale_Jorit_graffiti_artist-123">[123]</a> <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> became a hub for <a href="/wiki/Graffiti_in_Russia" title="Graffiti in Russia">Russian graffiti artists</a> as well as international visitors in the 2000s. The Street Kit Gallery, opened in 2008, is dedicated to street art and organizes events in galleries, pop-up spaces and on the streets of the city. The 2009 Moscow International Biennale for Young Art included a section for street art. Active artists include Make, RUS, and <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>-based Interesni Kazki (also active in Miami and Los Angeles).<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Britain's <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> network highlighted the artwork of Moscow street artist <a href="/wiki/Pavel_183" title="Pavel 183">Pavel 183</a> in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-youtube.com-126">[126]</a> The dissolution of the Soviet Union left <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> with tantalizing urban space for the development of street art. Although it is a relatively new trend in Georgia, the popularity of street art is growing rapidly. The majority of Georgian street artists are concentrated in <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>. Street art serves as a strong tool among young artists to protest against the many controversial issues in the social and political life in Georgia and thus gets considerable attention in society. Influential artists include <a href="/wiki/Gagosh_(street_artist)" title="Gagosh (street artist)">Gagosh</a>, TamOonz, and Dr.Love.<a href="#cite_note-youtube.com-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a> became a major hub for street art in Southeastern Europe in the 2010s. It hosts the <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo_Street_Art_Festival" title="Sarajevo Street Art Festival">Sarajevo Street Art Festival</a> and the acclaimed 3D street art festival, <a href="/wiki/Beton_Fest" title="Beton Fest">Beton Fest</a>. The former is held in July of every year and lasts for three days. Each year's edition is made up of numerous street performances, the creation of a new street arts bohemian quarter in the city, concerts, the painting of large murals and the showcasing of other creative art forms. The latter is the only 3D street art festival in Southeastern Europe<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> and has hosted many renowned street artists such as Vera Bugatti,<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> Giovanna la Pietra,<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Tony Cuboliquido,<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> Manuel Bastante<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> and others. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Wattts_street_art_paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Street art by WATTTS in Paris, France"><img alt="Street art by WATTTS in Paris, France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Wattts_street_art_paris.jpg/160px-Wattts_street_art_paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Wattts_street_art_paris.jpg/240px-Wattts_street_art_paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Wattts_street_art_paris.jpg/320px-Wattts_street_art_paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="557" data-file-height="555" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Street art by WATTTS in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:2007_011_CES_Schelling_Monsters.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Painting in the Global Tradition by Ces53, a Dutch street artist"><img alt="Painting in the Global Tradition by Ces53, a Dutch street artist" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/2007_011_CES_Schelling_Monsters.jpg/160px-2007_011_CES_Schelling_Monsters.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/2007_011_CES_Schelling_Monsters.jpg/240px-2007_011_CES_Schelling_Monsters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/2007_011_CES_Schelling_Monsters.jpg/320px-2007_011_CES_Schelling_Monsters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Painting in the Global Tradition by <a href="/wiki/Ces53" title="Ces53">Ces53</a>, a Dutch street artist</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sesimbra_Grafitti_Gemeniano_Cruz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Street art in Sesimbra, Portugal"><img alt="Street art in Sesimbra, Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Sesimbra_Grafitti_Gemeniano_Cruz.jpg/106px-Sesimbra_Grafitti_Gemeniano_Cruz.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Sesimbra_Grafitti_Gemeniano_Cruz.jpg/159px-Sesimbra_Grafitti_Gemeniano_Cruz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Sesimbra_Grafitti_Gemeniano_Cruz.jpg/212px-Sesimbra_Grafitti_Gemeniano_Cruz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1795" data-file-height="2704" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Street art in <a href="/wiki/Sesimbra" title="Sesimbra">Sesimbra</a>, Portugal</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:P1060341komp.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Graphic-Domain in Heidelberg, Germany, by Nicola Pragera"><img alt="Graphic-Domain in Heidelberg, Germany, by Nicola Pragera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/P1060341komp.JPG/160px-P1060341komp.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/P1060341komp.JPG/240px-P1060341komp.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/P1060341komp.JPG/320px-P1060341komp.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Graphic-Domain in <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a>, Germany, by Nicola Pragera</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:BLU_prag.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mural by BLU, Gaza Strip, Prague, Czech Republic"><img alt="Mural by BLU, Gaza Strip, Prague, Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/BLU_prag.jpg/160px-BLU_prag.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/BLU_prag.jpg/240px-BLU_prag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/BLU_prag.jpg/320px-BLU_prag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mural by BLU, Gaza Strip, <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, Czech Republic</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Graffiti_in_Shoreditch,_London_-_Large_Doorway_by_Stik_(9425010250).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Graffiti in Shoreditch, London, by Stik"><img alt="Graffiti in Shoreditch, London, by Stik" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Graffiti_in_Shoreditch%2C_London_-_Large_Doorway_by_Stik_%289425010250%29.jpg/120px-Graffiti_in_Shoreditch%2C_London_-_Large_Doorway_by_Stik_%289425010250%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Graffiti_in_Shoreditch%2C_London_-_Large_Doorway_by_Stik_%289425010250%29.jpg/180px-Graffiti_in_Shoreditch%2C_London_-_Large_Doorway_by_Stik_%289425010250%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Graffiti_in_Shoreditch%2C_London_-_Large_Doorway_by_Stik_%289425010250%29.jpg/240px-Graffiti_in_Shoreditch%2C_London_-_Large_Doorway_by_Stik_%289425010250%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="960" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Graffiti in <a href="/wiki/Shoreditch" title="Shoreditch">Shoreditch</a>, London, by Stik</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:015_Urban_art_in_Katowice,_Poland.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Urban art in Katowice, Poland"><img alt="Urban art in Katowice, Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/015_Urban_art_in_Katowice%2C_Poland.jpg/160px-015_Urban_art_in_Katowice%2C_Poland.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/015_Urban_art_in_Katowice%2C_Poland.jpg/240px-015_Urban_art_in_Katowice%2C_Poland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/015_Urban_art_in_Katowice%2C_Poland.jpg/320px-015_Urban_art_in_Katowice%2C_Poland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Urban art in <a href="/wiki/Katowice" title="Katowice">Katowice</a>, Poland</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Modern_Prizren.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Street art in the old city of Prizren, Kosovo"><img alt="Street art in the old city of Prizren, Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Modern_Prizren.jpg/160px-Modern_Prizren.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Modern_Prizren.jpg/240px-Modern_Prizren.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Modern_Prizren.jpg/320px-Modern_Prizren.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Street art in the old city of <a href="/wiki/Prizren" title="Prizren">Prizren</a>, Kosovo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Propagating_machine_NEVERCREW.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mural painting "Propagating machine" realized by Nevercrew in Mannheim, Germany, in 2017"><img alt="Mural painting "Propagating machine" realized by Nevercrew in Mannheim, Germany, in 2017" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Propagating_machine_NEVERCREW.jpg/106px-Propagating_machine_NEVERCREW.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Propagating_machine_NEVERCREW.jpg/160px-Propagating_machine_NEVERCREW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Propagating_machine_NEVERCREW.jpg/213px-Propagating_machine_NEVERCREW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4500" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mural painting "Propagating machine" realized by <a href="/wiki/NEVERCREW" title="NEVERCREW">Nevercrew</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a>, Germany, in 2017</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Stars_and_the_starfish.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Work by Bleepsgr in Athens, Greece"><img alt="Work by Bleepsgr in Athens, Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Stars_and_the_starfish.jpg/160px-Stars_and_the_starfish.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Stars_and_the_starfish.jpg/240px-Stars_and_the_starfish.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Stars_and_the_starfish.jpg 2x" data-file-width="258" data-file-height="235" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Work by <a href="/wiki/Bleepsgr" title="Bleepsgr">Bleepsgr</a> in <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, Greece</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lie_Lie_Land.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lie Lie Land by female street artist Bambi in Islington, London"><img alt="Lie Lie Land by female street artist Bambi in Islington, London" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Lie_Lie_Land.jpg/120px-Lie_Lie_Land.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Lie_Lie_Land.jpg/180px-Lie_Lie_Land.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Lie_Lie_Land.jpg/240px-Lie_Lie_Land.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lie Lie Land by female street artist <a href="/wiki/Bambi_(artist)" title="Bambi (artist)">Bambi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Islington" title="Islington">Islington</a>, London</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Street_art_in_Tbilisi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Geometrical boundaries of Time", street art in Tbilisi, Georgia"><img alt=""Geometrical boundaries of Time", street art in Tbilisi, Georgia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Street_art_in_Tbilisi.jpg/160px-Street_art_in_Tbilisi.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Street_art_in_Tbilisi.jpg/240px-Street_art_in_Tbilisi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Street_art_in_Tbilisi.jpg/320px-Street_art_in_Tbilisi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2144" data-file-height="1424" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">"Geometrical boundaries of Time", street art in <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, Georgia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:El_Bocho_Citizens_Hamburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paste-up of El Bocho in Hamburg, Germany"><img alt="Paste-up of El Bocho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/El_Bocho_Citizens_Hamburg.jpg/160px-El_Bocho_Citizens_Hamburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/El_Bocho_Citizens_Hamburg.jpg/240px-El_Bocho_Citizens_Hamburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/El_Bocho_Citizens_Hamburg.jpg/320px-El_Bocho_Citizens_Hamburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Paste-up of El Bocho in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, Germany</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Street_Graffiti_in_Latvia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Graffiti on road, Latvia"><img alt="Graffiti on road, Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Street_Graffiti_in_Latvia.jpg/90px-Street_Graffiti_in_Latvia.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Street_Graffiti_in_Latvia.jpg/135px-Street_Graffiti_in_Latvia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Street_Graffiti_in_Latvia.jpg/180px-Street_Graffiti_in_Latvia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="4096" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Graffiti on road, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:BordaloII_Nuart_Aberdeen-2018-DSC07437.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Unicorn made of waste by Portuguese street artist Artur Bordalo (BordaloII) at NuArt Festival Aberdeen (2018)"><img alt="Unicorn made of waste by Portuguese street artist Artur Bordalo (BordaloII) at NuArt Festival Aberdeen (2018)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/BordaloII_Nuart_Aberdeen-2018-DSC07437.jpg/160px-BordaloII_Nuart_Aberdeen-2018-DSC07437.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/BordaloII_Nuart_Aberdeen-2018-DSC07437.jpg/240px-BordaloII_Nuart_Aberdeen-2018-DSC07437.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/BordaloII_Nuart_Aberdeen-2018-DSC07437.jpg/320px-BordaloII_Nuart_Aberdeen-2018-DSC07437.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Unicorn made of waste by Portuguese street artist Artur Bordalo (BordaloII) at NuArt Festival Aberdeen (2018)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Street_art_in_Naples.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Street art in Naples"><img alt="Street art in Naples" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Street_art_in_Naples.jpg/160px-Street_art_in_Naples.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Street_art_in_Naples.jpg/240px-Street_art_in_Naples.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Street_art_in_Naples.jpg/320px-Street_art_in_Naples.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3916" data-file-height="3024" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Street art in Naples</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia">Asia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Asia">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="India">India</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: India">edit</a>]</div> In <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, street art is hugely popular. Many of the film and TV series promotional materials were created by street painters/artists. Currently, digital art is replacing hand painted posters. From 1960 to the 1990s, the street posters worked well and impressed audiences. In the 1990s the hand painted posters started to be replaced by flex banners outside theatres. After the 2000s, the popularity of street posters started to decline, being replaced by digitally printed posters. Street art <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painting</a> and street art drawing <a href="/wiki/Sketch_(drawing)" title="Sketch (drawing)">sketch</a> has since declined in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> due to the replacement by digital posters. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Malaysia">Malaysia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Malaysia">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Penang_-_Little_Children_on_a_Bicycle.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Penang_-_Little_Children_on_a_Bicycle.JPG/220px-Penang_-_Little_Children_on_a_Bicycle.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Penang_-_Little_Children_on_a_Bicycle.JPG/330px-Penang_-_Little_Children_on_a_Bicycle.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Penang_-_Little_Children_on_a_Bicycle.JPG/440px-Penang_-_Little_Children_on_a_Bicycle.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3776" data-file-height="2520" /></a><figcaption> "Little Children on a Bicycle" mural on Armenian Street, <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town, Penang</a>, by Lithuanian artist <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Zacharevic" title="Ernest Zacharevic">Ernest Zacharevic</a></figcaption></figure> In <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a>, Penang, Lithuanian artist <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Zacharevic" title="Ernest Zacharevic">Ernest Zacharevic</a> created a series of wall murals depicting local culture, inhabitants and lifestyles.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> They now stand as celebrated cultural landmarks of George Town, with Children on a Bicycle becoming one of the most photographed spots in the city.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Since then, the street art scene has blossomed. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_Korea">South Korea</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: South Korea">edit</a>]</div> In <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>'s second-largest city, <a href="/wiki/Busan" title="Busan">Busan</a>, German painter Hendrik Beikirch created a mural over 70 metres (230 ft) high, considered Asia's tallest at the time of its creation in August 2012. The monochromatic mural portrays a fisherman.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> It was organized by <a href="/wiki/Public_Delivery" title="Public Delivery">Public Delivery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thailand">Thailand</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Thailand">edit</a>]</div> A great deal of street art by well-known artists can be found in the <a href="/wiki/Bang_Rak_district" title="Bang Rak district">Bang Rak</a> district of Bangkok, on Soi Charoen Krung 28–32, between <a href="/wiki/Charoen_Krung_Road" title="Charoen Krung Road">Charoen Krung</a> road and the <a href="/wiki/Chao_Phraya_River" title="Chao Phraya River">Chao Phraya</a> river.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_East">Middle East</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Middle East">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel">Israel</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Israel">edit</a>]</div> A variety of street art by international artists alongside local artists like <a href="/wiki/Dede_(artist)" title="Dede (artist)">Dede (artist)</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_Fingaz_Crew&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Broken Fingaz Crew (page does not exist)">Broken Fingaz Crew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Know_Hope" title="Know Hope">Know Hope</a> are in south <a href="/wiki/Tel-Aviv" class="mw-redirect" title="Tel-Aviv">Tel-Aviv</a>, in neighbourhoods like <a href="/wiki/Florentin,_Tel_Aviv" title="Florentin, Tel Aviv">Florentin, Tel Aviv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neve_Tzedek" title="Neve Tzedek">Neve Tzedek</a>. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Arab_Emirates">United Arab Emirates</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: United Arab Emirates">edit</a>]</div> In <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>' largest city, <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, several famous painters created urban mural artwork on the buildings, which was initiated by StreetArtNews and named it Dubai Street Museum.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oceania">Oceania</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Oceania">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Australia">Australia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Australia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Street_art_in_Melbourne" title="Street art in Melbourne">Street art in Melbourne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Street_art_in_Adelaide" title="Street art in Adelaide">Street art in Adelaide</a></div> There is street art in major cities as well as regional towns in Australia.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hosier_Lane_Melbourne_Australia_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Hosier_Lane_Melbourne_Australia_3.jpg/220px-Hosier_Lane_Melbourne_Australia_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Hosier_Lane_Melbourne_Australia_3.jpg/330px-Hosier_Lane_Melbourne_Australia_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Hosier_Lane_Melbourne_Australia_3.jpg/440px-Hosier_Lane_Melbourne_Australia_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2368" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hosier_Lane" title="Hosier Lane">Hosier Lane</a> Street Art, <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(state)" title="Victoria (state)">Victoria</a>, Australia</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> is home to one of the world's most active and diverse street art cultures and is home to pioneers in the stencil medium. Street artists such as <a href="/wiki/Blek_le_Rat" title="Blek le Rat">Blek le Rat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banksy" title="Banksy">Banksy</a> often exhibited works on Melbourne's streets in the 2000s. Works are supported and preserved by local councils. Key locations within the city include <a href="/wiki/Brunswick,_Victoria" title="Brunswick, Victoria">Brunswick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlton,_Victoria" title="Carlton, Victoria">Carlton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fitzroy,_Victoria" title="Fitzroy, Victoria">Fitzroy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northcote,_Victoria" title="Northcote, Victoria">Northcote</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_central_business_district" title="Melbourne central business district">city centre</a> including the famous <a href="/wiki/Hosier_Lane" title="Hosier Lane">Hosier Lane</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>'s street art scene includes <a href="/wiki/Newtown_area_graffiti_and_street_art" title="Newtown area graffiti and street art">Newtown area graffiti and street art</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brisbane_City_Council" title="Brisbane City Council">Brisbane City Council</a> supports graffiti on traffic signal boxes and other public spaces, although they prosecuted <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Lister" title="Anthony Lister">Anthony Lister</a> in 2016 despite deputy mayor <a href="/wiki/David_Hinchliffe" title="David Hinchliffe">David Hinchliffe</a> having encouraged him in 1999 to paint signal traffic boxes.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> The Brisbane Street Art Festival has been running annually since 2016.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Many local governments throughout Australia run traffic signal box painting programs. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: New Zealand">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Street_Mural,_Southern_Cross_Hotel,_Dunedin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Street_Mural%2C_Southern_Cross_Hotel%2C_Dunedin.jpg/220px-Street_Mural%2C_Southern_Cross_Hotel%2C_Dunedin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="401" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Street_Mural%2C_Southern_Cross_Hotel%2C_Dunedin.jpg/330px-Street_Mural%2C_Southern_Cross_Hotel%2C_Dunedin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Street_Mural%2C_Southern_Cross_Hotel%2C_Dunedin.jpg/440px-Street_Mural%2C_Southern_Cross_Hotel%2C_Dunedin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2315" data-file-height="4217" /></a><figcaption>Mural on the wall of <a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a>'s Southern Cross Hotel</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a> pioneered "official" street art in New Zealand with over sixty bus shelters being given unique murals by painter John Noakes during the 1980s, many of them featuring local scenes or scenes inspired by the names of their locales.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> The Dunedin City Council has since commissioned a series of similar designs to grace electric boxes around the city. Street murals have also become a popular addition to Dunedin, with over 30 works by both local and overseas artists being added to the central city—especially around the <a href="/wiki/Warehouse_Precinct" title="Warehouse Precinct">Warehouse Precinct</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Exchange,_Dunedin" title="The Exchange, Dunedin">Exchange</a> areas—since an international street art festival was held there in the early 2000s.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> These include one of New Zealand's tallest works, a seven-story mural on the wall of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_Hotel_(Dunedin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Cross Hotel (Dunedin)">Southern Cross Hotel</a> by Fintan Magee.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a> was devastated by <a href="/wiki/2011_Christchurch_earthquake" title="2011 Christchurch earthquake">2 earthquakes in 2010 and 2011</a> and as a result, 8000 homes and 80 percent of the central city were condemned. It wasn't until two and half years later that the city was able to host its first major cultural event[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] – Rise Street Art Festival held at <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Museum,_Christchurch" title="Canterbury Museum, Christchurch">Canterbury Museum</a> produced by Australasian street art organizer Oi YOU!.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> The event attracted over 248,000 visitors (the most-visited show in the museum's history) and saw 15 murals painted across the devastated central city. The murals became community icons for the re-emergence and rebuild of Christchurch.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Two further Oi YOU! Festivals, both under the name of Spectrum, featured large internal exhibitions as well as adding to the city's stock of murals.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> Since Rise, over 40 murals have been produced in the central city and the <a href="/wiki/Lonely_Planet" title="Lonely Planet">Lonely Planet</a> guide to global street art featured Christchurch as one of the best cities in the world to experience the art form.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a> in 2009, Auckland's city council permitted electrical boxes to be used as canvases for street art. Local street art group TMD (The Most Dedicated) won the "Write For Gold" international competition in Germany two years in a row. Surplus Bargains is another local collective.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> In 2019 in Auckland, a heritage building in the city was painted without the owners' permission by Ares Artifex.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa">Africa</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Africa">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Art_de_rue_Djerba_quartier_Er_Ryadh_Calligraphie_orange.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Art_de_rue_Djerba_quartier_Er_Ryadh_Calligraphie_orange.JPG/220px-Art_de_rue_Djerba_quartier_Er_Ryadh_Calligraphie_orange.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Art_de_rue_Djerba_quartier_Er_Ryadh_Calligraphie_orange.JPG/330px-Art_de_rue_Djerba_quartier_Er_Ryadh_Calligraphie_orange.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Art_de_rue_Djerba_quartier_Er_Ryadh_Calligraphie_orange.JPG/440px-Art_de_rue_Djerba_quartier_Er_Ryadh_Calligraphie_orange.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Calligraffiti" title="Calligraffiti">Calligraffiti</a> in <a href="/wiki/Djerbahood" title="Djerbahood">Djerbahood</a>, Tunisia</figcaption></figure> Although street art in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> is not as ubiquitous as in European cities, <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>'s central <a href="/wiki/Newtown,_Johannesburg" title="Newtown, Johannesburg">Newtown</a> district is a center for street art in the city.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> The "City Of Gold International Urban Art Festival" was held in the city's <a href="/wiki/Braamfontein" title="Braamfontein">Braamfontein</a> civic and student district in April 2012.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a> reported <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>'s emergence as a street art center of the region in 2011. Slogans calling for the overthrow of the <a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Mubarak</a> regime has evolved into æsthetic and politically provocative motifs.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> Street art from <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> has gained notoriety since the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a>, including a 2012 exhibition in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>'s Casa Árabe.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exhibitions,_festivals_and_conferences">Exhibitions, festivals and conferences</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Exhibitions, festivals and conferences">edit</a>]</div> In 1981, <a href="/wiki/Washington_Project_for_the_Arts" title="Washington Project for the Arts">Washington Project for the Arts</a> held an exhibition entitled Street Works, which included <a href="/wiki/Urban_art" title="Urban art">urban art</a> pioneers such as <a href="/wiki/Fab_Five_Freddy" title="Fab Five Freddy">Fab Five Freddy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lee_Qui%C3%B1ones" title="Lee Quiñones">Lee Quiñones</a> working directly on the streets.<a href="#cite_note-Lewisohn-156">[156]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amanda_Harris_20190817_Minneapolis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Amanda_Harris_20190817_Minneapolis.jpg/220px-Amanda_Harris_20190817_Minneapolis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Amanda_Harris_20190817_Minneapolis.jpg/330px-Amanda_Harris_20190817_Minneapolis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Amanda_Harris_20190817_Minneapolis.jpg/440px-Amanda_Harris_20190817_Minneapolis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Amanda Harris of Southern California at the <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a> Street Art Festival in 2019<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a></figcaption></figure><a href="/wiki/Sarasota_Chalk_Festival" title="Sarasota Chalk Festival">Sarasota Chalk Festival</a> was founded in 2007 sponsoring street art by artists initially invited from throughout the US and soon extended to internationally. In 2011 the festival introduced a Going Vertical mural program and its Cellograph project to accompany the street drawings that also are created by renowned artists from around the world. Many international films have been produced by and about artists who have participated in the programs, their murals and street drawings, and special events at the festival.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Streetart_Festival_Istanbul" title="Streetart Festival Istanbul">Streetart Festival Istanbul</a> is Turkey's first annual street art and post-graffiti festival.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> The Festival was founded by the artist and graphics designer Pertev Emre Tastaban in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Street_art_of_Pesimo_in_Istanbul,_T%C3%BCrkiye.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mural by Peruvian artist Pésimo in Istanbul" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Street_art_of_Pesimo_in_Istanbul%2C_T%C3%BCrkiye.jpg/200px-Street_art_of_Pesimo_in_Istanbul%2C_T%C3%BCrkiye.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Street_art_of_Pesimo_in_Istanbul%2C_T%C3%BCrkiye.jpg/301px-Street_art_of_Pesimo_in_Istanbul%2C_T%C3%BCrkiye.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Street_art_of_Pesimo_in_Istanbul%2C_T%C3%BCrkiye.jpg/400px-Street_art_of_Pesimo_in_Istanbul%2C_T%C3%BCrkiye.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Mural by Peruvian artist Pésimo in Istanbul</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Living_Walls" title="Living Walls">Living Walls</a> is an annual street art conference founded in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> In 2010 it was hosted in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a> and in 2011 jointly in Atlanta and <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany, New York</a>. Living Walls was also active in promoting street art at <a href="/wiki/Art_Basel" title="Art Basel">Art Basel Miami Beach</a> 2011.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> The RVA Street Art Festival is a street art festival in <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a>, Virginia, began in 2012. It is organized by Edward Trask and Jon Baliles. In 2012, the festival took place along the Canal Walk; in 2013 it took place at the abandoned GRTC lot on Cary Street.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Pasadena_Chalk_Festival" title="Pasadena Chalk Festival">Pasadena Chalk Festival</a>, held annually in <a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena</a>, California, is the largest street-art festival in the world, according to <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a>.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> The 2010 edition involved about six hundred artists of all ages and skills and attracted more than 100,000 visitors.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> UMA – Universal Museum of Art<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> launched a comprehensive Street Art exhibition "A Walk Into Street Art"<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> in April 2018. This exhibition in virtual reality offers works from <a href="/wiki/Banksy" title="Banksy">Banksy</a>, <a href="/wiki/JR_(artist)" title="JR (artist)">JR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jef_A%C3%A9rosol" title="Jef Aérosol">Jef Aérosol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vhils" title="Vhils">Vhils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shepard_Fairey" title="Shepard Fairey">Shepard Fairey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keith_Haring" title="Keith Haring">Keith Haring</a>, among others. The Eureka Street Art Festival is an annual public art event in <a href="/wiki/Humboldt_County,_California" title="Humboldt County, California">Humboldt County</a>, California. Artists from throughout California and the world to paint murals and create street art during a week-long festival. The 2018 festival saw 24 artists create 22 pieces of public art in the Old Town area of the city, focusing on Opera Alley.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> The 2019 festival is centered on the Downtown region. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Documentary_films">Documentary films</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Documentary films">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rash_(film)" title="Rash (film)">Rash</a> (2005), a feature-length documentary by Mutiny Media exploring the cultural value of Australian street art and graffiti</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomb_It" title="Bomb It">Bomb It</a> (2008), a documentary film about graffiti and street art around the world</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exit_Through_the_Gift_Shop" title="Exit Through the Gift Shop">Exit Through the Gift Shop</a> (2010), a documentary created by the artist <a href="/wiki/Banksy" title="Banksy">Banksy</a> about <a href="/wiki/Mr._Brainwash" title="Mr. Brainwash">Thierry Guetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_Wars" title="Style Wars">Style Wars</a> (1983), a PBS documentary about graffiti artists in New York City featuring <a href="/wiki/Seen_(artist)" title="Seen (artist)">Seen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kase2" title="Kase2">Kase2</a>, <a href="/wiki/DJ_Kay_Slay" title="DJ Kay Slay">Dez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dondi_(graffiti_artist)" title="Dondi (graffiti artist)">Dondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andre_the_Giant_Has_a_Posse" title="Andre the Giant Has a Posse">Obey Giant</a> (2017), a documentary about the life and career of street artist, illustrator, graphic designer, activist, and founder of <a href="/wiki/Obey_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Obey (clothing)">OBEY Clothing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shepard_Fairey" title="Shepard Fairey">Shepard Fairey</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/28px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/42px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/56px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:The_arts" title="Portal:The arts">The arts portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brandalism" title="Brandalism">Brandalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">Contemporary art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craftivism" title="Craftivism">Craftivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyesaw" title="Eyesaw">Eyesaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr._Pat_Noise_plaque" title="Fr. Pat Noise plaque">Fr. Pat Noise plaque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_graffiti" title="Glossary of graffiti">Glossary of graffiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphopoli" title="Graphopoli">Graphopoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Guerilla_art_and_hacking_art" title="Category:Guerilla art and hacking art">Guerilla art and hacking art (category)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_street_artists" title="List of street artists">List of street artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overspray_Magazine" title="Overspray Magazine">Overspray Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_art_in_Israel" title="Street art in Israel">Street art in Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_13" title="Tower 13">Tower 13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB_dead_drop" title="USB dead drop">USB dead drop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_box_art" title="Utility box art">Utility box art</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.beauxarts.com/expos/autour-du-pantheon-la-chasse-aux-portraits-est-ouverte/">"Autour du Panthéon, la chasse aux portraits est ouverte !"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211003005202/https://www.beauxarts.com/expos/autour-du-pantheon-la-chasse-aux-portraits-est-ouverte/">Archived</a> 3 October 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, BeauxArts (in French), 11 July 2018 </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBrooks2013" class="citation news cs1">Brooks, Raillan (6 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/08/books/review/city-as-canvas-and-the-world-atlas-of-street-art-and-graffiti.html">"Aerosol Art"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127200809/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/08/books/review/city-as-canvas-and-the-world-atlas-of-street-art-and-graffiti.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Aerosol+Art&rft.date=2013-12-06&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Raillan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F12%2F08%2Fbooks%2Freview%2Fcity-as-canvas-and-the-world-atlas-of-street-art-and-graffiti.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Antonova2014-3"><a href="#cite_ref-Antonova2014_3-0">^</a> Antonova, Maria. 2014. "Street Art". <a href="/wiki/Russian_Life" title="Russian Life">Russian Life</a> 57(5):17 </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120320000018/http://www.whas11.com/news/local/Student-art-project-is-vandalism-for-a-cause-86760522.html">"Student art project is vandalism for a cause"</a>. The Herald-Times. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whas11.com/news/local/Student-art-project-is-vandalism-for-a-cause-86760522.html">the original</a> on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Herald-Times&rft.atitle=Student+art+project+is+vandalism+for+a+cause&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whas11.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2FStudent-art-project-is-vandalism-for-a-cause-86760522.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> For the development of style in the aerosol paint medium, as well as an examination of the political, cultural, and social commentary of its artists, see the anthropological history of New York subway graffiti art, Getting Up: Subway Graffiti in New York, by Craig Castleman, a student of <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead" title="Margaret Mead">Margaret Mead</a>, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1982. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Geek Graffiti: A Study in Computation, Gesture and Graffiti Analysis </li> <li id="cite_note-Village_Voice_Mott-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Village_Voice_Mott_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Village_Voice_Mott_7-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1982" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Howard (21 December 1982). "Apple of Temptation". <a href="/wiki/The_Village_Voice" title="The Village Voice">The Village Voice</a>. Manhattan, New York. p. 38.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Village+Voice&rft.atitle=Apple+of+Temptation&rft.pages=38&rft.date=1982-12-21&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Howard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kilroy-8"><a href="#cite_ref-Kilroy_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZotti2000" class="citation web cs1">Zotti, Ed (4 August 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/1812/whats-the-origin-of-kilroy-was-here">"What's the origin of 'Kilroy was here'?"</a>. Straight Dope; staff report from the Science Advisory Board. Sun-Times Media, LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200105205750/https://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/1812/whats-the-origin-of-kilroy-was-here/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Straight+Dope%3B+staff+report+from+the+Science+Advisory+Board&rft.atitle=What%27s+the+origin+of+%27Kilroy+was+here%27%3F&rft.date=2000-08-04&rft.aulast=Zotti&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.straightdope.com%2Fcolumns%2Fread%2F1812%2Fwhats-the-origin-of-kilroy-was-here&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Robinson, David (1990) Soho Walls – Beyond Graffiti, Thames & Hudson, New York, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-27602-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-27602-0">978-0-500-27602-0</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrasher1983" class="citation news cs1">Drasher, Katherine (30 June 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://avant-streetart.com/avant_street_art_press_nyc_80s.htm">"Avant's on the Street"</a>. The Villager. pp. 31–32. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707193446/http://avant-streetart.com/avant_street_art_press_nyc_80s.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 29 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Villager&rft.atitle=Avant%27s+on+the+Street&rft.pages=31-32&rft.date=1983-06-30&rft.aulast=Drasher&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Favant-streetart.com%2Favant_street_art_press_nyc_80s.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZox-Weaver2015" class="citation journal cs1">Zox-Weaver, Annalisa (1 June 2015). "Institutional Guerilla Art Open Access: The Public Sculpture of Florentijn Hofman". 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Retrieved 16 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=An+%27Unpremeditated+Cultural+Clash%27&rft.date=2013-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffpost.com%2Fentry%2Fmto-knock-out_b_2897681&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham2018" class="citation news cs1">Graham, Jefferson (1 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/destinations/2018/06/01/los-angeles-graffiti-arts-district/606491002/">"Photo tour: Graffiti steals the show in L.A.'s burgeoning Arts District"</a>. 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The Huffington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160405061731/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/05/13/lab-art-los-angeles-_n_861545.html#s278367&title=Masked_George_Washington">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2016. Retrieved 18 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=PHOTOS%3A+Largest+Street+Art+Collection+Debuts+At+LAB+ART+LA&rft.date=2011-05-13&rft.aulast=Larson&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2011%2F05%2F13%2Flab-art-los-angeles-_n_861545.html%23s278367%26title%3DMasked_George_Washington&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Guardian" title="San Francisco Bay Guardian">San Francisco Bay Guardian</a>, 18–24 January 2012, p. 22 </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVeltman2010" class="citation news cs1">Veltman, Chloe (9 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/09/arts/design/09sfculture.html">"Street Art Moves Onto Some New Streets"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170426141320/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/09/arts/design/09sfculture.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Street+Art+Moves+Onto+Some+New+Streets&rft.date=2010-05-09&rft.aulast=Veltman&rft.aufirst=Chloe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F05%2F09%2Farts%2Fdesign%2F09sfculture.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarlamangla2022" class="citation news cs1">Karlamangla, Soumya (19 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/19/us/chicano-park-anniversary.html">"San Diego's Chicano Park Celebrates Its Anniversary"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221018050215/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/19/us/chicano-park-anniversary.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=San+Diego%27s+Chicano+Park+Celebrates+Its+Anniversary&rft.date=2022-04-19&rft.aulast=Karlamangla&rft.aufirst=Soumya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F04%2F19%2Fus%2Fchicano-park-anniversary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMendoza2021" class="citation web cs1">Mendoza, Alexandra (19 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/border-baja-california/story/2021-12-19/tijuana-artist-honors-mexican-icon-vicente-fernandez-with-mural">"San Diego, Tijuana artists honor Mexican icon Vicente Fernández with murals"</a>. San Diego Union-Tribune. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221018050212/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/border-baja-california/story/2021-12-19/tijuana-artist-honors-mexican-icon-vicente-fernandez-with-mural">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=San+Diego+Union-Tribune&rft.atitle=San+Diego%2C+Tijuana+artists+honor+Mexican+icon+Vicente+Fern%C3%A1ndez+with+murals&rft.date=2021-12-19&rft.aulast=Mendoza&rft.aufirst=Alexandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sandiegouniontribune.com%2Fnews%2Fborder-baja-california%2Fstory%2F2021-12-19%2Ftijuana-artist-honors-mexican-icon-vicente-fernandez-with-mural&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMendoza2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mendoza, Alexandra (2 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/espanol/deportes/articulo/2021-10-01/mural-celebra-al-canelo-pacquiao-y-al-fundador-de-un-gimnasio-de-boxeo-en-san-diego">"Mural celebra al Canelo, Pacquiao y al fundador de un gimnasio de boxeo en San Diego"</a>. Los Angeles Times en Español (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221018050215/https://www.latimes.com/espanol/deportes/articulo/2021-10-01/mural-celebra-al-canelo-pacquiao-y-al-fundador-de-un-gimnasio-de-boxeo-en-san-diego">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times+en+Espa%C3%B1ol&rft.atitle=Mural+celebra+al+Canelo%2C+Pacquiao+y+al+fundador+de+un+gimnasio+de+boxeo+en+San+Diego&rft.date=2021-10-02&rft.aulast=Mendoza&rft.aufirst=Alexandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fespanol%2Fdeportes%2Farticulo%2F2021-10-01%2Fmural-celebra-al-canelo-pacquiao-y-al-fundador-de-un-gimnasio-de-boxeo-en-san-diego&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlverez2020" class="citation web cs1">Alverez, Elizabeth (18 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kusi.com/new-mural-of-padres-legend-tony-gwynn-completed-in-city-heights/">"New mural of Padres legend Tony Gwynn completed in City Heights"</a>. McKinnon Broadcasting. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221018050213/https://www.kusi.com/new-mural-of-padres-legend-tony-gwynn-completed-in-city-heights/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=McKinnon+Broadcasting&rft.atitle=New+mural+of+Padres+legend+Tony+Gwynn+completed+in+City+Heights&rft.date=2020-11-18&rft.aulast=Alverez&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kusi.com%2Fnew-mural-of-padres-legend-tony-gwynn-completed-in-city-heights%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.packslight.com/street-art-richmond-va/">"The Unknown, Underrated Street Art of Richmond, Virginia (Photo Essay)"</a>. 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Retrieved 21 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.denver.org&rft.atitle=The+Best+Denver+Street+Art+%7C+VISIT+DENVER&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.denver.org%2Fthings-to-do%2Fdenver-arts-culture%2Fstreet-art%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allcitycanvas.com/en/about">"About"</a>. 6 June 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191218134348/https://www.allcitycanvas.com/en/about">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2019. 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Retrieved 11 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bier+en+Brod+create+new+mural+for+All+City+Canvas&rft.date=2019-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allcitycanvas.com%2Fen%2Fbier-en-brood-mural-for-all-city-canvas-new-york&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allcitycanvas.com/en/vhils-creates-amazing-mural-in-parque-la-ruina-for-all-city-canvas-global-series">"Vhils leaves amazing mural in Parque la Ruina for All City Canvas Global Series"</a>. 9 December 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191212051708/https://www.allcitycanvas.com/en/vhils-creates-amazing-mural-in-parque-la-ruina-for-all-city-canvas-global-series">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vhils+leaves+amazing+mural+in+Parque+la+Ruina+for+All+City+Canvas+Global+Series&rft.date=2019-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allcitycanvas.com%2Fen%2Fvhils-creates-amazing-mural-in-parque-la-ruina-for-all-city-canvas-global-series&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180812022421/https://mobile.reuters.com/video/2015/01/19/colorful-mural-might-be-worlds-longest?videoId=356615116">"Colorful mural might be world's longest"</a>. Reuters. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mobile.reuters.com/video/2015/01/19/colorful-mural-might-be-worlds-longest?videoId=356615116">the original</a> on 12 August 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Colorful+mural+might+be+world%27s+longest&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmobile.reuters.com%2Fvideo%2F2015%2F01%2F19%2Fcolorful-mural-might-be-worlds-longest%3FvideoId%3D356615116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Simon_Romero" title="Simon Romero">Romero, Simon</a> (29 January 2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/29/world/americas/at-war-with-sao-paulos-establishment-black-paint-in-hand.html">"At War With São Paulo's Establishment, Black Paint in Hand"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170501104326/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/29/world/americas/at-war-with-sao-paulos-establishment-black-paint-in-hand.html">Archived</a> 1 May 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Claudio_Ethos-87"><a href="#cite_ref-Claudio_Ethos_87-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott2009" class="citation web cs1">Scott, Gabe (17 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.antheamissy.com/exclusive-feature-claudio-ethos/">"Claudio Ethos"</a>. Exclusive Feature. High Speed Productions, Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180123133142/https://www.antheamissy.com/exclusive-feature-claudio-ethos/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2018. Retrieved 29 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Exclusive+Feature&rft.atitle=Claudio+Ethos&rft.date=2009-07-17&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Gabe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.antheamissy.com%2Fexclusive-feature-claudio-ethos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bogotadistritografiti.gov.co/index.php/bienvenida">"Distrito graffiti (graffiti district)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220518164447/https://www.bogotadistritografiti.gov.co/index.php/bienvenida">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Distrito+graffiti+%28graffiti+district%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bogotadistritografiti.gov.co%2Findex.php%2Fbienvenida&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://weburbanist.com/2007/07/19/banksy-paradox-unofficial-guide-to-the-worlds-most-infamous-urban-guerilla-street-artist/">"The Banksy Paradox: 7 Sides to the World's Most Infamous Street Artist</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110402080538/http://weburbanist.com/2007/07/19/banksy-paradox-unofficial-guide-to-the-worlds-most-infamous-urban-guerilla-street-artist/">Archived</a> 2 April 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 19 July 2007 </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dulwichonview.org.uk/2012/06/12/walking-with-stik/">"Walking with Stik"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dulwich_OnView" title="Dulwich OnView">Dulwich OnView</a>, UK. 12 June 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161021134751/http://dulwichonview.org.uk/2012/06/12/walking-with-stik/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dulwich+OnView%2C+UK&rft.atitle=Walking+with+Stik&rft.date=2012-06-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdulwichonview.org.uk%2F2012%2F06%2F12%2Fwalking-with-stik%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeazley2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Beazley" title="Ingrid Beazley">Beazley, Ingrid</a> (2015). Street Art, Fine Art. London: Heni Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9568738-5-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9568738-5-9"><bdi>978-0-9568738-5-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Street+Art%2C+Fine+Art&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Heni+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-9568738-5-9&rft.aulast=Beazley&rft.aufirst=Ingrid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/london/hi/people_and_places/newsid_8734000/8734690.stm">"Has Banksy struck in Primrose Hill?"</a>. BBC News. 11 June 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191129053037/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/london/hi/people_and_places/newsid_8734000/8734690.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2019. Retrieved 2 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Has+Banksy+struck+in+Primrose+Hill%3F&rft.date=2010-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Flocal%2Flondon%2Fhi%2Fpeople_and_places%2Fnewsid_8734000%2F8734690.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mymodernmet.com/stencil-art/">"10 Stencil Artists Changing the Way We Look at the City"</a>. My Modern Met. 22 May 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180710195252/https://mymodernmet.com/stencil-art/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 10 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=My+Modern+Met&rft.atitle=10+Stencil+Artists+Changing+the+Way+We+Look+at+the+City&rft.date=2017-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmymodernmet.com%2Fstencil-art%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ParisDigest-94"><a href="#cite_ref-ParisDigest_94-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parisdigest.com/paris-news/street-art-13-arrondissement.htm">"Street Art in 13 Arrondissement"</a>. Paris Digest. 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181022232458/https://www.parisdigest.com/paris-news/street-art-13-arrondissement.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2018. Retrieved 22 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Street+Art+in+13+Arrondissement&rft.pub=Paris+Digest&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parisdigest.com%2Fparis-news%2Fstreet-art-13-arrondissement.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aphg.fr/IMG/pdf/dossier_edf.pdf">"Immense succes pour l'exposition avec 113 228 visiteurs !"</a> [Great success for the exhibition with 113,228 visitors!] (PDF) (Press release) (in French). Paris: Fondation EDF. 2 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181230233456/https://www.aphg.fr/IMG/pdf/dossier_edf.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 30 December 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Immense+succes+pour+l%27exposition+avec+113+228+visiteurs+%21&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Fondation+EDF&rft.date=2015-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aphg.fr%2FIMG%2Fpdf%2Fdossier_edf.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarba-Court2018" class="citation web cs1">Barba-Court, Kala (18 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plainmagazine.com/john-hamon-enigmatic-mystery-paris/">"John Hamon: The Enigmatic, Enduring Mystery Of Paris"</a>. Plain Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190520120212/https://plainmagazine.com/john-hamon-enigmatic-mystery-paris/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Plain+Magazine&rft.atitle=John+Hamon%3A+The+Enigmatic%2C+Enduring+Mystery+Of+Paris&rft.date=2018-05-18&rft.aulast=Barba-Court&rft.aufirst=Kala&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplainmagazine.com%2Fjohn-hamon-enigmatic-mystery-paris%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLepores2017" class="citation news cs1">Lepores, Domingos (13 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200115093702/https://awesomeberlin.net/berlin-street-art-museum-urban-nation-contemporary-urban-art/">"Berlin Street Art Museum – Urban Nation Contemporary Urban Art"</a>. Awesome Berlin. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://awesomeberlin.net/berlin-street-art-museum-urban-nation-contemporary-urban-art/">the original</a> on 15 January 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Awesome+Berlin&rft.atitle=Berlin+Street+Art+Museum+%E2%80%93+Urban+Nation+Contemporary+Urban+Art&rft.date=2017-09-13&rft.aulast=Lepores&rft.aufirst=Domingos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fawesomeberlin.net%2Fberlin-street-art-museum-urban-nation-contemporary-urban-art%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> Karsten Kaminski. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kultuur.postimees.ee/3162979/tanavakunst-tartus-rohkem-kui-ainult-kunst">"Tänavakunst Tartus: rohkem kui ainult kunst"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160423044558/http://kultuur.postimees.ee/3162979/tanavakunst-tartus-rohkem-kui-ainult-kunst">Archived</a> 23 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Postimees Kultuur, 26 April 2015 [in Estonian] </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> Marika Agu & Sirla. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.vandalog.com/2014/07/street-art-in-tartu-estonia/">Street art in Tartu, Estonia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160421224159/https://blog.vandalog.com/2014/07/street-art-in-tartu-estonia/">Archived</a> 21 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Vandalog, 8 July 2014 </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonadio2011" class="citation news cs1">Donadio, Rachel (14 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/15/arts/in-athens-art-blossoms-amid-debt-crisis.html">"Greece's Big Debt Drama Is a Muse for Its Artists"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523204817/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/15/arts/in-athens-art-blossoms-amid-debt-crisis.html?_r=3&pagewanted=1&sq=greece&st=cse&scp=4">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Greece%27s+Big+Debt+Drama+Is+a+Muse+for+Its+Artists&rft.date=2011-10-14&rft.aulast=Donadio&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F10%2F15%2Farts%2Fin-athens-art-blossoms-amid-debt-crisis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2013" class="citation book cs1">Stewart, Jessica (1 January 2013). Street Art Stories Roma. 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Retrieved 18 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Derfor+valgte+ikke+DOLK+Bergen&rft.pub=Ba.no&rft.date=2011-09-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ba.no%2Fpuls%2Farticle5726885.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bt.no-108"><a href="#cite_ref-Bt.no_108-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergesen,_Guro_H." class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bergesen, Guro H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141219010612/http://www.bt.no/bergenpuls/Popular-Dolk-selger-sa-det-suser-2579379.html">"Populær Dolk selger så det suser"</a> (in Norwegian). Bt.no. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bt.no/bergenpuls/Popular-Dolk-selger-sa-det-suser-2579379.html">the original</a> on 19 December 2014. Retrieved 21 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Popul%C3%A6r+Dolk+selger+s%C3%A5+det+suser&rft.pub=Bt.no&rft.au=Bergesen%2C+Guro+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bt.no%2Fbergenpuls%2FPopular-Dolk-selger-sa-det-suser-2579379.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ba.no3-109"><a href="#cite_ref-Ba.no3_109-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ba.no/nyheter/politikk/article4425460.ece">"Forsvarer verning av graffiti"</a> (in Norwegian). Ba.no. 26 June 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141014133602/http://www.ba.no/nyheter/politikk/article4425460.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forsvarer+verning+av+graffiti&rft.pub=Ba.no&rft.date=2009-06-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ba.no%2Fnyheter%2Fpolitikk%2Farticle4425460.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bergen.kommune.no-110"><a href="#cite_ref-Bergen.kommune.no_110-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130721063318/https://www.bergen.kommune.no/bk/multimedia/archive/00105/Graffiti_og_gatekun_105438a.pdf">"Bergenkommune.no – Graffiti og gatekunst i kulturbyen Bergen – Utredning og handlingsplan for perioden 2011–2015"</a> (PDF) (in Norwegian). Bergen.kommune.no. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bergen.kommune.no/bk/multimedia/archive/00105/Graffiti_og_gatekun_105438a.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 21 July 2013. Retrieved 10 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bergenkommune.no+%E2%80%93+Graffiti+og+gatekunst+i+kulturbyen+Bergen+%E2%80%93+Utredning+og+handlingsplan+for+perioden+2011%E2%80%932015&rft.pub=Bergen.kommune.no&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bergen.kommune.no%2Fbk%2Fmultimedia%2Farchive%2F00105%2FGraffiti_og_gatekun_105438a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nuartrad.no/">"Home"</a>. nuartrad.no. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220813221416/https://nuartrad.no/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2022. Retrieved 8 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nuartrad.no&rft.atitle=Home&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nuartrad.no%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlsson2007" class="citation book cs1">Carlsson, Benke (2007). Street art Stockholm. Stockholm: Ström. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789171260765" title="Special:BookSources/9789171260765"><bdi>9789171260765</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Street+art+Stockholm&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=Str%C3%B6m&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9789171260765&rft.aulast=Carlsson&rft.aufirst=Benke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.v1gallery.com/exhibition/archive">Gallery housing mentioned street artists</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131120005648/http://www.v1gallery.com/exhibition/archive">Archived</a> 20 November 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBilleter1984" class="citation book cs1">Billeter, F. (1984). Graffiti : Wandkunst und wilde Bilder. Basel: Birkhäuser. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7643-1617-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7643-1617-4"><bdi>978-3-7643-1617-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Graffiti+%3A+Wandkunst+und+wilde+Bilder&rft.place=Basel&rft.pub=Birkh%C3%A4user&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-3-7643-1617-4&rft.aulast=Billeter&rft.aufirst=F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.widewalls.ch/artist/ata-bozaci/">"Ata Bozaci"</a>. Widewalls. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180316023325/https://www.widewalls.ch/artist/ata-bozaci/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Widewalls&rft.atitle=Ata+Bozaci&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.widewalls.ch%2Fartist%2Fata-bozaci%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140120035320/http://netdost.com/profiles/blogs/huge-street-art-paintings-buildings-created-artist-duo-etam-cru--">"Huge murals on buildings created by artist duo ETAM CRU"</a>. NetDost. 16 January 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://netdost.com/profiles/blogs/huge-street-art-paintings-buildings-created-artist-duo-etam-cru--">the original</a> on 20 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NetDost&rft.atitle=Huge+murals+on+buildings+created+by+artist+duo+ETAM+CRU&rft.date=2014-01-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnetdost.com%2Fprofiles%2Fblogs%2Fhuge-street-art-paintings-buildings-created-artist-duo-etam-cru--&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEugene2011" class="citation web cs1">Eugene (29 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mymodernmet.com/profiles/blogs/polish-city-embraces-street-art">"Polish City Embraces Street Art – My Modern Metropolis"</a>. Mymodernmet.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023245/http://www.mymodernmet.com/profiles/blogs/polish-city-embraces-street-art">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Polish+City+Embraces+Street+Art+%E2%80%93+My+Modern+Metropolis&rft.pub=Mymodernmet.com&rft.date=2011-09-29&rft.au=Eugene&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mymodernmet.com%2Fprofiles%2Fblogs%2Fpolish-city-embraces-street-art&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fatcap.com/country/poland.html">"Poland – Street-art and Graffiti"</a>. FatCap. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226035856/https://www.fatcap.com/country/poland.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Poland+%E2%80%93+Street-art+and+Graffiti&rft.pub=FatCap&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fatcap.com%2Fcountry%2Fpoland.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AkhmetovFound_mural_project-119"><a href="#cite_ref-AkhmetovFound_mural_project_119-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://akhmetovfoundation.org/en/project/proekt-mural">Mural project</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rinat_Akhmetov_Foundation" title="Rinat Akhmetov Foundation">Rinat Akhmetov Foundation</a>, c. 2018, <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120793915" class="extiw" title="d:Q120793915">Q120793915</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/2023.07.21-224803/https://akhmetovfoundation.org/en/project/proekt-mural">archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mural+project&rft.pub=Rinat+Akhmetov+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fakhmetovfoundation.org%2Fen%2Fproject%2Fproekt-mural&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian_photographer_says-120">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_photographer_says_120-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_photographer_says_120-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLorenzo_Tondo2023" class="citation journal cs1">Lorenzo Tondo (19 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/19/photographer-criticises-use-of-image-in-italian-artists-pro-russia-mural">"Photographer says street artist used daughter's picture in pro-Russia mural"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120786372" class="extiw" title="d:Q120786372">Q120786372</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230720144028/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/19/photographer-criticises-use-of-image-in-italian-artists-pro-russia-mural">Archived</a> from the original on 20 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Photographer+says+street+artist+used+daughter%26%2339%3Bs+picture+in+pro-Russia+mural&rft.date=2023-07-19&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.au=Lorenzo+Tondo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Fjul%2F19%2Fphotographer-criticises-use-of-image-in-italian-artists-pro-russia-mural&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WeAreUkraine_RU_invaders_destroyed-121"><a href="#cite_ref-WeAreUkraine_RU_invaders_destroyed_121-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weareukraine.info/russian-invaders-destroyed-a-mural-with-a-girl-who-lost-her-mother-during-the-shelling-of-mariupol-in-2015">Russian invaders destroyed a mural with a girl who lost her mother during the shelling of Mariupol in 2015</a>, We are Ukraine, 2022, <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120794455" class="extiw" title="d:Q120794455">Q120794455</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/2023.07.22-003137/https://www.weareukraine.info/russian-invaders-destroyed-a-mural-with-a-girl-who-lost-her-mother-during-the-shelling-of-mariupol-in-2015">archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russian+invaders+destroyed+a+mural+with+a+girl+who+lost+her+mother+during+the+shelling+of+Mariupol+in+2015&rft.pub=We+are+Ukraine&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weareukraine.info%2Frussian-invaders-destroyed-a-mural-with-a-girl-who-lost-her-mother-during-the-shelling-of-mariupol-in-2015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ValigiaBlu_Jorit_mural-122"><a href="#cite_ref-ValigiaBlu_Jorit_mural_122-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonardo_Bianchi2023" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Leonardo Bianchi (15 July 2023), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.valigiablu.it/jorit-mariupol-murale">Il vergognoso murale di Jorit a Mariupol</a> [Jorit's disgraceful mural in Mariupol] (in Italian), Valigia Blu, <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120788862" class="extiw" title="d:Q120788862">Q120788862</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/2023.07.21-183841/https://www.valigiablu.it/jorit-mariupol-murale">archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Il+vergognoso+murale+di+Jorit+a+Mariupol&rft.pub=Valigia+Blu&rft.date=2023-07-15&rft.au=Leonardo+Bianchi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.valigiablu.it%2Fjorit-mariupol-murale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IlGiornale_Jorit_graffiti_artist-123"><a href="#cite_ref-IlGiornale_Jorit_graffiti_artist_123-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAngelo_Allegri2023" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Angelo Allegri (14 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/politica/jorit-graffitaro-finanziato-campania-che-dipinge-murales-2181396.html">"Jorit, il graffitaro finanziato dalla Campania che dipinge murales per gli occupanti russi"</a> [Jorit, the graffiti artist funded by Campania who paints murals for Russian occupants]. <a href="/wiki/Il_Giornale" title="Il Giornale">Il Giornale</a> (in Italian). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1124-8831">1124-8831</a>. <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120791946" class="extiw" title="d:Q120791946">Q120791946</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/2023.07.21-200028/https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/politica/jorit-graffitaro-finanziato-campania-che-dipinge-murales-2181396.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Il+Giornale&rft.atitle=Jorit%2C+il+graffitaro+finanziato+dalla+Campania+che+dipinge+murales+per+gli+occupanti+russi&rft.date=2023-07-14&rft.issn=1124-8831&rft.au=Angelo+Allegri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilgiornale.it%2Fnews%2Fpolitica%2Fjorit-graffitaro-finanziato-campania-che-dipinge-murales-2181396.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPfeiffer2010" class="citation news cs1">Pfeiffer, Alice (13 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/14/arts/14iht-rartstreet.html">"Graffiti Art Earns New Respect in Moscow"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170422155807/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/14/arts/14iht-rartstreet.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2017. Retrieved 18 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Graffiti+Art+Earns+New+Respect+in+Moscow&rft.date=2010-10-13&rft.aulast=Pfeiffer&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F10%2F14%2Farts%2F14iht-rartstreet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16957832">"Street artist 'Russia's answer to Bansky'"</a>. BBC. 8 February 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120704043805/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16957832">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2012. Retrieved 21 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Street+artist+%27Russia%27s+answer+to+Bansky%27&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2012-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-16957832&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-youtube.com-126">^ <a href="#cite_ref-youtube.com_126-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-youtube.com_126-1">b</a> Documentary film about street art in Tbilisi by KetevanVashagashvili, "Gallery in the Street", 17 May 2015 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bAoUO7wu61A">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160324183248/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bAoUO7wu61A">Archived</a> 24 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved on 12 November 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> Caucasus Business Week www.cbw.ge "Amazing Street-Art of Georgia", 9 March 2015 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://cbw.ge/georgia/amazing-street-art-in-georgia/">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151123030940/http://cbw.ge/georgia/amazing-street-art-in-georgia/">Archived</a> 23 November 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved on 9 November 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> Georgia Today. Nina Ioseliani. www.georgiatoday.ge "Street art in Georgia", 20 August 2015 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://georgiatoday.ge/news/1066/Street-Art-in-Georgia">[3]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151213115526/http://georgiatoday.ge/news/1066/Street-Art-in-Georgia">Archived</a> 13 December 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved on 27 August 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ba.n1info.com/a57856/Lifestyle/Poceo-Beton-Fest-u-Sarajevu.html">"Beton Fest čini Sarajevo 3D prijestlonicom svijeta"</a>. N1 Television. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180614094752/http://ba.n1info.com/a57856/Lifestyle/Poceo-Beton-Fest-u-Sarajevu.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beton+Fest+%C4%8Dini+Sarajevo+3D+prijestlonicom+svijeta&rft.pub=N1+Television&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fba.n1info.com%2Fa57856%2FLifestyle%2FPoceo-Beton-Fest-u-Sarajevu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.verabugatti.it/3d-street-art-on-peace-in-sarajevo/">"3D street art on Peace in Sarajevo"</a>. verabugatti.it. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201022232131/http://www.verabugatti.it/3d-street-art-on-peace-in-sarajevo/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=3D+street+art+on+Peace+in+Sarajevo&rft.pub=verabugatti.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.verabugatti.it%2F3d-street-art-on-peace-in-sarajevo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.klix.ba/magazin/cijelo-sarajevo-je-pozvano-na-beton-fest/120612023">"Cijelo Sarajevo pozvano na Beton Fest"</a>. klix.ba. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180614072131/https://www.klix.ba/magazin/cijelo-sarajevo-je-pozvano-na-beton-fest/120612023">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cijelo+Sarajevo+pozvano+na+Beton+Fest&rft.pub=klix.ba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.klix.ba%2Fmagazin%2Fcijelo-sarajevo-je-pozvano-na-beton-fest%2F120612023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cuboliquido.com/">"3D street painting festival in Sarajevo"</a>. cuboliquido.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190910154236/http://www.cuboliquido.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2019. Retrieved 18 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=3D+street+painting+festival+in+Sarajevo&rft.pub=cuboliquido.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cuboliquido.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiosarajevo.ba/metromahala/kultura/sarajevo-jos-samo-pet-dana-do-cetvrtog-beton-festa/198387">"Sarajevo: Još samo pet dana do četvrtog Beton Festa"</a>. Radio Sarajevo. 21 August 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180617165436/https://www.radiosarajevo.ba/metromahala/kultura/sarajevo-jos-samo-pet-dana-do-cetvrtog-beton-festa/198387">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sarajevo%3A+Jo%C5%A1+samo+pet+dana+do+%C4%8Detvrtog+Beton+Festa&rft.pub=Radio+Sarajevo&rft.date=2015-08-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiosarajevo.ba%2Fmetromahala%2Fkultura%2Fsarajevo-jos-samo-pet-dana-do-cetvrtog-beton-festa%2F198387&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLim2015" class="citation web cs1">Lim, Serene (24 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayonline.com/lifestyle/travel/good-bad-and-ugly-street-artist-ernest-zacharevics-murals">"The good, bad and ugly of street artist Ernest Zacharevic's murals"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Today_(Singapore_newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Today (Singapore newspaper)">Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150427040718/http://www.todayonline.com/lifestyle/travel/good-bad-and-ugly-street-artist-ernest-zacharevics-murals">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Today&rft.atitle=The+good%2C+bad+and+ugly+of+street+artist+Ernest+Zacharevic%27s+murals&rft.date=2015-04-24&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=Serene&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayonline.com%2Flifestyle%2Ftravel%2Fgood-bad-and-ugly-street-artist-ernest-zacharevics-murals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinnie_Yeoh2013" class="citation news cs1">Winnie Yeoh (3 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2013/11/03/the-guardian-picks-little-children-george-town-street-art-featured-on-dailys-website/">"The Guardian picks Little Children"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Star_(Malaysia)" title="The Star (Malaysia)">The Star</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220501110509/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2013/11/03/the-guardian-picks-little-children-george-town-street-art-featured-on-dailys-website/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=The+Guardian+picks+Little+Children&rft.date=2013-11-03&rft.au=Winnie+Yeoh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2013%2F11%2F03%2Fthe-guardian-picks-little-children-george-town-street-art-featured-on-dailys-website%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dezeen.com/2012/09/07/asias-tallest-mural-by-hendrik-beikirch/">"Asia's Tallest Mural in South Korea by Hendrik Beikirch"</a>. 7 September 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200813034444/https://www.dezeen.com/2012/09/07/asias-tallest-mural-by-hendrik-beikirch/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2020. Retrieved 8 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Asia%27s+Tallest+Mural+in+South+Korea+by+Hendrik+Beikirch&rft.date=2012-09-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dezeen.com%2F2012%2F09%2F07%2Fasias-tallest-mural-by-hendrik-beikirch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publicdelivery.org/asias-tallest-mural-hendrik-beikirch/">"Asia's tallest mural – By Hendrik Beikirch"</a>. 5 September 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227152359/https://publicdelivery.org/asias-tallest-mural-hendrik-beikirch/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Asia%27s+tallest+mural+%E2%80%93+By+Hendrik+Beikirch&rft.date=2012-09-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublicdelivery.org%2Fasias-tallest-mural-hendrik-beikirch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tourismthailand.org/Attraction/street-art-charoen-krung-road">"Street Art, Charoen Krung Road"</a>. www.tourismthailand.org. Retrieved 17 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tourismthailand.org&rft.atitle=Street+Art%2C+Charoen+Krung+Road&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tourismthailand.org%2FAttraction%2Fstreet-art-charoen-krung-road&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinks2016" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Winks, Mathias (14 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whudat.de/curiosity-new-mural-by-french-street-artist-seth-globepainter-in-dubai-uae/">"Curiosity – New Mural by Street Artist Seth Globepainter in Dubai // UAE"</a>. MC Winkels weBlog (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200115092214/https://www.whudat.de/curiosity-new-mural-by-french-street-artist-seth-globepainter-in-dubai-uae/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MC+Winkels+weBlog&rft.atitle=Curiosity+%E2%80%93+New+Mural+by+Street+Artist+Seth+Globepainter+in+Dubai+%2F%2F+UAE&rft.date=2016-12-14&rft.aulast=Winks&rft.aufirst=Mathias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whudat.de%2Fcuriosity-new-mural-by-french-street-artist-seth-globepainter-in-dubai-uae%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcFarlane2016" class="citation news cs1">McFarlane, Nyree (29 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whatson.ae/2016/11/dubai-street-museum-street-art/">"Satwa is currently turning into a huge street art gallery"</a>. What's On. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200115094802/https://whatson.ae/2016/11/dubai-street-museum-street-art/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=What%27s+On&rft.atitle=Satwa+is+currently+turning+into+a+huge+street+art+gallery&rft.date=2016-11-29&rft.aulast=McFarlane&rft.aufirst=Nyree&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhatson.ae%2F2016%2F11%2Fdubai-street-museum-street-art%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.australiansiloarttrail.com/street-art-town">"Australian Street Art Towns"</a>. Australian Silo Art Trail. 20 May 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Silo+Art+Trail&rft.atitle=Australian+Street+Art+Towns&rft.date=2021-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.australiansiloarttrail.com%2Fstreet-art-town&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_McMillen2016" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_McMillen" title="Andrew McMillen">Andrew McMillen</a> (9 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theaustralian.com.au/life/weekend-australian-magazine/anthony-lister-street-art-the-law-and-his-personal-mission/news-story/6ebf96560af73d3f273fabcd44626eb3">"Anthony Lister: street art, the law and his personal mission"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Australian" title="The Australian">The Australian</a>. Retrieved 16 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australian&rft.atitle=Anthony+Lister%3A+street+art%2C+the+law+and+his+personal+mission&rft.date=2016-04-09&rft.au=Andrew+McMillen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Flife%2Fweekend-australian-magazine%2Fanthony-lister-street-art-the-law-and-his-personal-mission%2Fnews-story%2F6ebf96560af73d3f273fabcd44626eb3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bsafest.com.au/">"Brisbane Street Art Festival"</a>, bsafest.com.au </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/tribute-bus-shelter-artist-unveiled">"Tribute to bus shelter artist unveiled"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181130155142/https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/tribute-bus-shelter-artist-unveiled">Archived</a> 30 November 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otago_Daily_Times" title="Otago Daily Times">Otago Daily Times</a>, 17 April 2012. Retrieved 1 December 2018. </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dunedinstreetart.co.nz/artworks/">"Artworks"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181122084144/http://dunedinstreetart.co.nz/artworks/">Archived</a> 22 November 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, dunedinstreetart.co. Retrieved 1 December 2018. </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> This was New Zealand's tallest street mural until the creation of a nine-storey mural in <a href="/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill">Invercargill</a> in 2019. </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.streetart.co.nz/rise/">"Rise Street Art Christchurch | Oi YOU!"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170425143918/http://www.streetart.co.nz/rise">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2017. Retrieved 19 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rise+Street+Art+Christchurch+%26%23124%3B+Oi+YOU%21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.streetart.co.nz%2Frise%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.streetart.co.nz/spectrum-2015/">"Spectrum Street Art Christchurch 2015"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170930035753/https://www.streetart.co.nz/spectrum-2015/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2017. Retrieved 19 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spectrum+Street+Art+Christchurch+2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.streetart.co.nz%2Fspectrum-2015%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> Allen, Linlee. (9 November 2009) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/11/09/street-smart-aucklands-art-bandits/">"Street Smart | Auckland's Art Bandits"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191218044445/https://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/11/09/street-smart-aucklands-art-bandits/">Archived</a> 18 December 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2 April 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2019/07/massive-mural-painted-on-historic-auckland-building-without-owner-s-permission.html">"Massive mural"</a>. Newshub. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200227130434/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2019/07/massive-mural-painted-on-historic-auckland-building-without-owner-s-permission.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 11 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newshub&rft.atitle=Massive+mural&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newshub.co.nz%2Fhome%2Fnew-zealand%2F2019%2F07%2Fmassive-mural-painted-on-historic-auckland-building-without-owner-s-permission.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joburg.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8189:report-graffiti-hotspots&catid=88:news-update&Itemid=266">"Report graffiti hotspots", City of Johannesburg site, 28 June 2012</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120711020532/http://www.joburg.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8189:report-graffiti-hotspots&catid=88:news-update&Itemid=266">Archived</a> 11 July 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allafrica.com/stories/201204170700.html">"South Africa: Hotel, Graffiti Crew Partner to Host Art Festival", AllAfrica.com, 16 April 2012</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130331084636/http://allafrica.com/stories/201204170700.html">Archived</a> 31 March 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Allafrica.com (16 April 2012). Retrieved 2 April 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> Wood, Josh (27 July 2011) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/28/world/middleeast/28iht-M28-EGYPT-TAGS.html?pagewanted=all">"The Maturing of Street Art in Cairo"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411155010/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/28/world/middleeast/28iht-M28-EGYPT-TAGS.html?pagewanted=all">Archived</a> 11 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://creativevisualart.com/2013/07/04/the-best-of-egyptian-political-street-art/">"The Best Of Egyptian Political Street Art"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130710162235/http://creativevisualart.com/2013/07/04/the-best-of-egyptian-political-street-art">Archived</a> 10 July 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 4 July 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> Duggan, Grace. (2 February 2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://intransit.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/02/02/arab-spring-street-art-on-view-in-madrid/">"Arab Spring Street Art, on View in Madrid"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201028142012/http://intransit.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/02/02/arab-spring-street-art-on-view-in-madrid/">Archived</a> 28 October 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Lewisohn-156"><a href="#cite_ref-Lewisohn_156-0">^</a> Lewisohn, Cedar (2008) Street Art: The Graffiti Revolution, <a href="/wiki/Tate_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Tate Gallery">Tate Gallery</a>, London, England, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85437-767-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85437-767-8">978-1-85437-767-8</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mplsstreetartfest.com/chalk/amanda-lee-harris/">"Amanda Lee Harris"</a>. Downtown Minneapolis Street Art Festival. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190817152436/http://mplsstreetartfest.com/chalk/amanda-lee-harris/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amanda+Lee+Harris&rft.pub=Downtown+Minneapolis+Street+Art+Festival&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmplsstreetartfest.com%2Fchalk%2Famanda-lee-harris%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yourobserver.com/content/2012-Chalk-Festival-342.html">Chalk Festival</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141102023539/http://www.yourobserver.com/content/2012-Chalk-Festival-342.html">Archived</a> 2 November 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, a forty-page guide to the 2012 Sarasota Chalk Festival, Sarasota Observer, 28 October through 6 November 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130124234433/http://www.goturkeytourism.com/events_festivals/culture_art_festivals.html">"Go Turkey Tourism"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goturkeytourism.com/events_festivals/culture_art_festivals.html">the original</a> on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Go+Turkey+Tourism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goturkeytourism.com%2Fevents_festivals%2Fculture_art_festivals.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFcarlenehempel2011" class="citation web cs1">carlenehempel (18 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://northeasternuniversityjournalism2011.wordpress.com/2011/07/18/in-istanbul-artists-take-their-ideas-to-the-streets/">"In Istanbul, artists take their ideas to the streets"</a>. NU Journalism Abroad 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221016142542/https://northeasternuniversityjournalism2011.wordpress.com/2011/07/18/in-istanbul-artists-take-their-ideas-to-the-streets/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2022. Retrieved 16 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NU+Journalism+Abroad+2011&rft.atitle=In+Istanbul%2C+artists+take+their+ideas+to+the+streets&rft.date=2011-07-18&rft.au=carlenehempel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnortheasternuniversityjournalism2011.wordpress.com%2F2011%2F07%2F18%2Fin-istanbul-artists-take-their-ideas-to-the-streets%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuzner2011" class="citation news cs1">Guzner, Sonia (22 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120729182957/http://www.emorywheel.com/detail.php?n=29880">"'Living Walls' Speaks Out Through Street Art"</a>. The Emory Wheel. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emorywheel.com/detail.php?n=29880">the original</a> on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 9 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Emory+Wheel&rft.atitle=%27Living+Walls%27+Speaks+Out+Through+Street+Art&rft.date=2011-08-22&rft.aulast=Guzner&rft.aufirst=Sonia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emorywheel.com%2Fdetail.php%3Fn%3D29880&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120710190138/http://livingwallsconference.com/index.php?%2Fabout%2F">"Living Walls"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://livingwallsconference.com/index.php?/about/">the original</a> on 10 July 2012. Retrieved 29 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Living+Walls&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flivingwallsconference.com%2Findex.php%3F%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wtvr.com/2013/03/20/2013-rva-street-art-festival/">"2013 RVA Street Art Festival to revitalize GRTC property"</a>. CBS6. 20 March 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200922021723/https://www.wtvr.com/2013/03/20/2013-rva-street-art-festival/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS6&rft.atitle=2013+RVA+Street+Art+Festival+to+revitalize+GRTC+property&rft.date=2013-03-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwtvr.com%2F2013%2F03%2F20%2F2013-rva-street-art-festival%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pasadenastarnews.com/arts-and-entertainment/20150620/worlds-largest-chalk-art-festival-draws-a-crowd-in-pasadena">"World's largest chalk art festival draws a crowd in Pasadena"</a>. Pasadena Star News. 21 June 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160822062636/http://www.pasadenastarnews.com/arts-and-entertainment/20150620/worlds-largest-chalk-art-festival-draws-a-crowd-in-pasadena">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pasadena+Star+News&rft.atitle=World%27s+largest+chalk+art+festival+draws+a+crowd+in+Pasadena&rft.date=2015-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pasadenastarnews.com%2Farts-and-entertainment%2F20150620%2Fworlds-largest-chalk-art-festival-draws-a-crowd-in-pasadena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailynews.com/20100620/pasadena-chalk-festival-called-the-worlds-largest-street-art-festival">"Pasadena Chalk Festival called the world's largest street-art festival"</a>. Daily News. 20 June 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161011025355/http://www.dailynews.com/20100620/pasadena-chalk-festival-called-the-worlds-largest-street-art-festival">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+News&rft.atitle=Pasadena+Chalk+Festival+called+the+world%27s+largest+street-art+festival&rft.date=2010-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailynews.com%2F20100620%2Fpasadena-chalk-festival-called-the-worlds-largest-street-art-festival&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130506193818/http://the-uma.org/">"UMA – Universal Museum of Art"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://the-uma.org/">the original</a> on 6 May 2013. Retrieved 6 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UMA+%E2%80%93+Universal+Museum+of+Art&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthe-uma.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141028/http://www.the-uma.org/exhibition/street_art/#/street_art/">"A Walk Into Street Art"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.the-uma.org/exhibition/street_art/#/street_art/">the original</a> on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Walk+Into+Street+Art&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.the-uma.org%2Fexhibition%2Fstreet_art%2F%23%2Fstreet_art%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCatsos" class="citation web cs1">Catsos, Jennifer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurekastreetartfestival.com/2018">"Past Festivals"</a>. Eureka Street Art Festival. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190308081550/https://www.eurekastreetartfestival.com/2018">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eureka+Street+Art+Festival&rft.atitle=Past+Festivals&rft.aulast=Catsos&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurekastreetartfestival.com%2F2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ul><li>Avramidis, Konstantinos, & Tsilimpounidi, Myrto (Eds.), (2017), "Graffiti and Street Art: Reading, Writing and Representing the City", Routledge, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1472473332" title="Special:BookSources/978-1472473332">978-1472473332</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joshuah_Bearman" title="Joshuah Bearman">Bearman, Joshuah</a> (1 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/28602/street-cred/">"Street Cred: Why would Barack Obama invite a graffiti artist with a long rap sheet to launch a guerrilla marketing campaign on his behalf?"</a>. Modern Painters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081024233726/http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/28602/street-cred/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2008. Retrieved 1 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Painters&rft.atitle=Street+Cred%3A+Why+would+Barack+Obama+invite+a+graffiti+artist+with+a+long+rap+sheet+to+launch+a+guerrilla+marketing+campaign+on+his+behalf%3F&rft.date=2008-10-01&rft.aulast=Bearman&rft.aufirst=Joshuah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artinfo.com%2Fnews%2Fstory%2F28602%2Fstreet-cred%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Le Bijoutier (2008), This Means Nothing, Powerhouse Books, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57687-417-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57687-417-2">978-1-57687-417-2</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Bonadio, Enrico (2019). The Cambridge handbook of copyright in street art and graffiti. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781108563581" title="Special:BookSources/9781108563581"><bdi>9781108563581</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1130060776">1130060776</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+handbook+of+copyright+in+street+art+and+graffiti&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1130060776&rft.isbn=9781108563581&rft.aulast=Bonadio&rft.aufirst=Enrico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Bou, Louis (2006), NYC BCN: Street Art Revolution, HarperCollins, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-121004-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-121004-4">978-0-06-121004-4</a></li> <li>Bou, Louis (2005), Street Art: Graffiti, stencils, stickers & logos, Instituto Monsa de ediciones, S.A., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-96429-11-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-96429-11-6">978-84-96429-11-6</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Chaffee, Lyman (1993). Political Protest and Street Art: Popular Tools for Democratization in Hispanic Cultures. Westport, Connecticut: <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwood Press">Greenwood Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-28808-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-28808-1"><bdi>978-0-313-28808-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Protest+and+Street+Art%3A+Popular+Tools+for+Democratization+in+Hispanic+Cultures&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-313-28808-1&rft.aulast=Chaffee&rft.aufirst=Lyman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreet+art" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Combs, Dave and Holly (2008), PEEL: The Art of the Sticker, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Batty_Publisher" title="Mark Batty Publisher">Mark Batty Publisher</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9795546-0-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-9795546-0-8">0-9795546-0-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magda_Danysz_Gallery" title="Magda Danysz Gallery">Danysz, Magda</a> (2009) From Style Writing to Art, a street art anthology, Dokument Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-888-49352-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-888-49352-7">978-8-888-49352-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepard_Fairey" title="Shepard Fairey">Fairey, Shepard</a> (2008), Obey: E Pluribus Venom: The Art of Shepard Fairey, Gingko Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58423-295-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58423-295-7">978-1-58423-295-7</a></li> <li>Fairey, Shepard (2009), Obey: Supply & Demand, The Art of Shepard Fairey, Gingko Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58423-349-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58423-349-7">978-1-58423-349-7</a></li> <li>Gavin, Francesca (2007), Street Renegades: New Underground Art, Laurence King Publishers, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85669-529-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85669-529-9">978-1-85669-529-9</a></li> <li>Goldstein, Jerry (2008), Athens Street Art, Athens: Athens News, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-960-89200-6-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-960-89200-6-4">978-960-89200-6-4</a></li> <li>Harrington, Steven P. and Rojo, Jaime (2008), Brooklyn Street Art, Prestel, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7913-3963-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7913-3963-4">978-3-7913-3963-4</a></li> <li>Harrington, Steven P. and Rojo, Jaime (2010), Street Art New York, Prestel, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7913-4428-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7913-4428-7">978-3-7913-4428-7</a></li> <li>Hundertmark, Christian (2005), The Art Of Rebellion: The World Of Street Art, Gingko Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58423-157-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58423-157-8">978-1-58423-157-8</a></li> <li>Hundertmark, Christian (2006), The Art Of Rebellion 2: World of Urban Art Activism, Gingko Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-9809909-4-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-9809909-4-3">978-3-9809909-4-3</a></li> <li>Jakob, Kai (2009), Street Art in Berlin, Jaron, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-89773-596-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-89773-596-5">978-3-89773-596-5</a></li> <li>Longhi, Samantha (2007), Stencil History X, Association C215, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-9525682-2-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-9525682-2-7">978-2-9525682-2-7</a></li> <li>Manco, Tristan (2002), Stencil Graffiti, Thames and Hudson, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-28342-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-28342-7">0-500-28342-7</a></li> <li>Manco, Tristan (2004), Street Logos, Thames and Hudson, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-28469-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-28469-5">0-500-28469-5</a></li> <li>Marziani, Gianluca (2009), Scala Mercalli: The Creative Earthquake of Italian Street Art, Drago Publishing, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-88493-42-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-88493-42-8">978-88-88493-42-8</a></li> <li>Palmer, Rod (2008), Street Art Chile, Eight Books, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9554322-1-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9554322-1-7">978-0-9554322-1-7</a></li> <li>Rasch, Carsten (2014), Street Art: From around the World – stencil graffiti – wheatpasted poster art – sticker art – Volume I, Hamburg, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-73860-931-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-73860-931-8">978-3-73860-931-8</a></li> <li>Riggle, Nicholas Alden (2010), "Street Art: The Transfiguration of the Commonplaces". <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Aesthetics_and_Art_Criticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism">Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism</a>, vol. 68, issue 3 (248–257).</li> <li>Robinson, David (1990) Soho Walls – Beyond Graffiti, Thames & Hudson, New York, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-27602-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-27602-0">978-0-500-27602-0</a></li> <li>Ross, Jeffrey Ian (Ed.), (2016), "Routledge Handbook of Graffiti and Street Art", Routledge, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1138792937" title="Special:BookSources/978-1138792937">978-1138792937</a></li> <li>Schwartzman, Allan (1985), Street Art, The Dial Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-19950-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-19950-6">978-0-385-19950-6</a></li> <li>Strike, Christian and Rose, Aaron (August 2005), Beautiful Losers: Contemporary Art and Street Culture, Distributed Art Publishers, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-933045-30-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-933045-30-2">1-933045-30-2</a></li> <li>Walde, Claudia (2007), Sticker City: Paper Graffiti Art (Street Graphics / Street Art Series), Thames & Hudson, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-28668-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-28668-5">978-0-500-28668-5</a></li> <li>Walde, Claudia (2011), Street Fonts – Graffiti Alphabets From Around The World, Thames & Hudson, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-51559-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-51559-4">978-0-500-51559-4</a></li> <li>Williams, Sarah Jaye, ed. (2008), Philosophy of Obey (Obey Giant): The Formative Years (1989–2008), Nerve Books UK.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_art&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Street_art" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Street art">street art</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.danscape.de/blog//8/street-art-of-san-jose">Street Art of Costa Rica, CR – danscape</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211109082114/https://www.danscape.de/blog//8/street-art-of-san-jose">Archived</a> 9 November 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output 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a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Street_art" title="Template:Street art"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Street_art" title="Template talk:Street art"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Street_art" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Street art"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Street_art" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Street art</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activism" title="Activism">Activism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerosol_paint" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerosol paint">Aerosol paint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_jamming" title="Culture jamming">Culture jamming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">Graffiti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_graffiti" title="Glossary of graffiti">terminology</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handstyle" title="Handstyle">Handstyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop">Hip hop culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Installation_art" title="Installation art">Installation art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_printing" title="Screen printing">Screenprinting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spray_paint_art" title="Spray paint art">Spray paint art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subway_Art" title="Subway Art">Subway Art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_art" title="Guerrilla art">Guerrilla art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moss_graffiti" title="Moss graffiti">Moss graffiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mural" title="Mural">Mural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piece_(graffiti)" title="Piece (graffiti)">Pieces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poster" title="Poster">Poster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_graffiti" title="Reverse graffiti">Reverse graffiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_balancing" title="Rock balancing">Rock balancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stencil_graffiti" title="Stencil graffiti">Stencil graffiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sticker_art" title="Sticker art">Sticker art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_(graffiti)" title="Tag (graffiti)">Tagging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throw_up_(graffiti)" title="Throw up (graffiti)">Throw ups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarn_bombing" title="Yarn bombing">Yarn bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheatpaste" title="Wheatpaste">Wheatpaste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildstyle" title="Wildstyle">Wildstyle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists of artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_street_artists" title="List of street artists">Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Graffiti_artists" title="Category:Graffiti artists">Graffiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stencil_artists" title="List of stencil artists">Stencil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Photographers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Chalfant" title="Henry Chalfant">Henry Chalfant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Cooper" title="Martha Cooper">Martha Cooper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Street_art_in_Adelaide" title="Street art in Adelaide">Adelaide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_art_in_Atlanta" title="Street art in Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall_graffiti_art" title="Berlin Wall graffiti art">Berlin (Berlin Wall)</a></li> <li>Brazil ( <a href="/wiki/Picha%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Pichação">Southeastern Brazil (pichação)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beco_do_Batman" title="Beco do Batman">São Paulo (Beco do Batman)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Ai_Weiwei_street_art_campaign" title="Free Ai Weiwei street art campaign">Hong Kong (Free Ai Weiwei campaign)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murals_in_Kyiv" title="Murals in Kyiv">Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murals_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Murals in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_art_in_Melbourne" title="Street art in Melbourne">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graffiti_in_New_York_City" title="Graffiti in New York City">New York City</a> (<a href="/wiki/5_Pointz" title="5 Pointz">5 Pointz</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mural_Arts_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Mural Arts Program">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> (<a href="/wiki/Balmy_Alley" title="Balmy Alley">Balmy Alley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clarion_Alley" title="Clarion Alley">Clarion Alley</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_art_in_Sarajevo" title="Street art in Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newtown_area_graffiti_and_street_art" title="Newtown area graffiti and street art">Sydney (Newtown area)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graffiti_in_Tehran" class="mw-redirect" title="Graffiti in Tehran">Tehran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graffiti_in_Toronto" title="Graffiti in Toronto">Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bank_Wall_graffiti_art" title="West Bank Wall graffiti art">Palestine (West Bank Wall)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beton_Fest" title="Beton Fest">Beton Fest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cans_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cans Festival">The Cans Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_Walls" title="Living Walls">Living Walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/See_No_Evil_(artwork)" title="See No Evil (artwork)">See No Evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasadena_Chalk_Festival" title="Pasadena Chalk Festival">Pasadena Chalk Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo_Street_Art_Festival" title="Sarajevo Street Art Festival">Sarajevo Street Art Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarasota_Chalk_Festival" title="Sarasota Chalk Festival">Sarasota Chalk Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Built_environment" title="Built environment">Built environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_art" title="Public art">Public art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_space" title="Public space">Public space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychogeography" title="Psychogeography">Psychogeography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Street party">Street party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">Urban planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandalism" title="Vandalism">Vandalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Street_art" title="Category:Street art">Category: Street art</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Visual_arts_and_the_art_world" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Art_world" title="Template:Art world"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Art_world" title="Template talk:Art world"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Art_world" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Art world"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Visual_arts_and_the_art_world" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">Visual arts</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Art_world" title="Art world">art world</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artwork</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appropriation_(art)" title="Appropriation (art)">Appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collage" title="Collage">Collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_artifact" title="Cultural artifact">Cultural artifact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drawing" title="Drawing">Drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine_art" title="Fine art">Fine art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine-art_photography" title="Fine-art photography">Fine-art photograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_object" title="Found object">Found object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Installation_art" title="Installation art">Installation art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_art" title="Kinetic art">Kinetic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_media" title="Mixed media">Mixed media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bricolage" title="Bricolage">bricolage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mural" title="Mural">Mural</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">fresco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">graffiti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_media_art" title="New media art">New media art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_art_history" title="Media art history">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_art" title="Digital art">digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_art" title="Virtual art">virtual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">Performance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_arts" title="Plastic arts">Plastic arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait" title="Portrait">Portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printmaking" title="Printmaking">Printmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_art" title="Public art">Public art</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">street art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carving" title="Carving">carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">relief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue" title="Statue">statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_statues" title="List of tallest statues">tallest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Site-specific_art" title="Site-specific art">Site-specific art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_sculpture" title="Social sculpture">Social sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_sculpture" title="Soft sculpture">Soft sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">Stained glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artwork_title" title="Artwork title">Artwork title</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artist" title="Artist">Artist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_collection" title="Private collection">Collector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservator-restorer" title="Conservator-restorer">Conservator-restorer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paintings_conservator" title="Paintings conservator">paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_frescos" title="Conservation and restoration of frescos">frescos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_critic" title="Art critic">Critic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curator" title="Curator">Curator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_dealer" title="Art dealer">Dealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_(art)" title="Model (art)">Model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patronage" title="Patronage">Patron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts_education" title="Visual arts education">Visual arts education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_universities_and_colleges_in_Europe" title="List of art universities and colleges in Europe">Europe</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_auction" title="Art auction">Art auction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_colony" title="Art colony">Art colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_commune" class="mw-redirect" title="Art commune">Art commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_exhibition" title="Art exhibition">Art exhibition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_exhibition_space" title="Alternative exhibition space">alternative exhibition space</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_gallery" title="Art gallery">Art gallery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art_gallery" title="Contemporary art gallery">Contemporary art gallery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_museum" title="Art museum">Art museum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single-artist_museum" title="Single-artist museum">Single-artist museum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_school" title="Art school">Art school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_schools_in_Europe" title="List of art schools in Europe">Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_centre" title="Arts centre">Arts centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_festival" title="Arts festival">Arts festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist_collective" title="Artist collective">Artist collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist_cooperative" title="Artist cooperative">Artist cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist-in-residence" title="Artist-in-residence">Artist-in-residence program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist-run_initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Artist-run initiative">Artist-run initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist-run_space" title="Artist-run space">Artist-run space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biennale" title="Biennale">Biennale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_(art)" title="Commission (art)">Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture_garden" title="Sculpture garden">Sculpture garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture_trail" title="Sculpture trail">Sculpture trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_museum" title="Virtual museum">Virtual museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_art" title="History of art">History of art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_art" title="Timeline of art">Timeline of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_history" title="Art history">Art history (academic study)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_manifesto" title="Art manifesto">Art manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_movement" title="Art movement">Art movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_criticism" title="Art criticism">Criticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_criticism" title="Feminist art criticism">feminist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_painting" title="History of painting">History of painting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_painting_history" title="Outline of painting history">outline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periods_in_Western_art_history" title="Periods in Western art history">Periods in Western art history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_20th_century_printmaking_in_America" title="Timeline of 20th century printmaking in America">Timeline of 20th century printmaking in America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_market" title="Art market">Art market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_arts" title="The arts">The arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_raisonn%C3%A9" title="Catalogue raisonné">Catalogue raisonné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classificatory_disputes_about_art" title="Classificatory disputes about art">Classificatory disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_Management_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Collection Management Policy">Museum collection management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deaccessioning_(museum)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deaccessioning (museum)">deaccessioning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_cultural_heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage">Conservation-restoration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_paintings" title="Conservation and restoration of paintings">paintings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_policy" title="Cultural policy">Cultural policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destination_painting" title="Destination painting">Destination painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclecticism_in_art" title="Eclecticism in art">Eclecticism in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_of_the_arts_and_literature" title="Economics of the arts and literature">Economics of art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_finance" title="Art finance">art finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_valuation" title="Art valuation">art valuation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elements_of_art" title="Elements of art">Elements of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_painting-related_articles" title="Index of painting-related articles">Index of painting-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_visual_arts" title="Outline of the visual arts">Outline of the visual arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_painting" title="Outline of painting">painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_sculpture" title="Outline of sculpture">sculpture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provenance" title="Provenance">Provenance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_art" title="Sociology of art">Sociology of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_(visual_arts)" title="Style (visual arts)">Style</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_magazines" title="List of art magazines">Art magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_media" title="List of art media">Art media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_techniques" title="List of art techniques">Art techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_movements" title="List of art movements">Art movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_museums" title="List of art museums">Art museums</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_art_museums" title="List of largest art museums">largest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-visited_art_museums" title="List of most-visited art museums">most visited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sculpture_parks" title="List of sculpture parks">sculpture parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_single-artist_museums" title="List of single-artist museums">single artist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_reference_books" title="List of art reference books">Art reference books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colossal_sculptures_in_situ" title="List of colossal sculptures in situ">Colossal sculptures in situ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contemporary_artists" title="List of contemporary artists">Contemporary artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contemporary_art_galleries" title="List of contemporary art galleries">Contemporary art galleries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_artists" title="List of modern artists">Modern artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_galleries" title="List of national galleries">National galleries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_painters" title="Lists of painters">Painters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_painters_by_name" title="List of painters by name">by name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_painters_by_nationality" title="Lists of painters by nationality">by nationality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographers" title="List of photographers">Photographers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sculptors" title="List of sculptors">Sculptors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_sculptors" title="List of female sculptors">female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stolen_paintings" title="List of stolen paintings">Stolen paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_paintings" title="List of most expensive paintings">Most expensive paintings</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_sculptures" title="List of most expensive sculptures">sculptures</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_artworks_by_living_artists" title="List of most 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