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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Maxim_Gorky_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Maxim Gorky (disambiguation)">Maxim Gorky (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>Alexei Maximovich Peshkov<a href="#cite_note-1">[a]</a> (Russian: Алексей Максимович Пешков;<a href="#cite_note-2">[b]</a> 28 March [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 16 March] 1868 – 18 June 1936), popularly known as Maxim Gorky (Максим Горький), was a Russian and Soviet writer and proponent of <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-kirjasto-3">[1]</a> He was nominated five times for the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[2]</a> Before his success as an author, he travelled widely across the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> changing jobs frequently, experiences which would later influence his writing. <table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Maxim Gorky</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Maxim_Gorky_1926.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gorky in 1926"><img alt="Gorky in 1926" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Maxim_Gorky_1926.jpg/220px-Maxim_Gorky_1926.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Maxim_Gorky_1926.jpg/330px-Maxim_Gorky_1926.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Maxim_Gorky_1926.jpg/440px-Maxim_Gorky_1926.jpg 2x" data-file-width="832" data-file-height="1181"></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Gorky in 1926</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Native name</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><div class="nickname" lang="ru"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>Максим Горький</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Aleksey Maksimovich Peshkov 28 March [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 16 March] 1868 <a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a>, Russia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">18 June 1936(1936-06-18) (aged 68) Gorki-10, Moscow Oblast, Soviet Union</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Kremlin_Wall_Necropolis" title="Kremlin Wall Necropolis">Kremlin Wall Necropolis</a>, Moscow</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Pen name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.4em;">Maxim Gorky</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r979066050">.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist-embedded{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;padding:0 0.25em 0 0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:after{content:", "}.mw-parser-output .sslist li:after{content:"; "}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child:after{content:none}</style><ul class="cslist"><li>Writer</li><li>journalist</li><li>chief editor</li><li>publisher</li><li>political activist</li><li>philanthropist</li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Russian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Period</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Modern</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novel" title="Novel">Novel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Novella" title="Novella">novella</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Short_story" title="Short story">short story</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sketch_story" title="Sketch story">sketch</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale" title="Fairy tale">fairy tale</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Autobiography" title="Autobiography">fictional autobiography</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Travel_literature" title="Travel literature">travelogy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Play_(theatre)" title="Play (theatre)">play</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Prose_poetry" title="Prose poetry">prose poem</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Long_poem" title="Long poem">long poem</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_journalism" title="Opinion journalism">opinion journalism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Editorial" title="Editorial">editorial</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Essay" title="Essay">essay</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">satire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Aphorism" title="Aphorism">aphorism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Memoir" title="Memoir">memoir</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Diary" title="Diary">diary</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Open_letter" title="Open letter">open letter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle" title="Epistle">epistle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Public_speaking" title="Public speaking">oration</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Literary movement</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-romanticism" title="Neo-romanticism">Neo-romanticism</a> (1890s)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_literature" title="Proletarian literature">Proletarian literature</a> (1900s)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realism</a> (disputed)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Literary_modernism" title="Literary modernism">Modernism</a> (1920s–1930s)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">1892–1936</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/The_Lower_Depths" title="The Lower Depths">The Lower Depths</a> (1902) <a href="/wiki/Mother_(novel)" title="Mother (novel)">Mother</a> (1906) <a href="/wiki/Autobiography_of_Maxim_Gorky" class="mw-redirect" title="Autobiography of Maxim Gorky">My Childhood. In the World. My Universities</a> (1913–1923) <a href="/wiki/The_Life_of_Klim_Samgin" title="The Life of Klim Samgin">The Life of Klim Samgin</a> (1925–1936)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable awards</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Griboyedov_Prize" title="Griboyedov Prize">Griboyedov Prize</a> (1903, 1904)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Maxim_Gorky_signature_(after_1917).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Maxim_Gorky_signature_%28after_1917%29.svg/150px-Maxim_Gorky_signature_%28after_1917%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Maxim_Gorky_signature_%28after_1917%29.svg/225px-Maxim_Gorky_signature_%28after_1917%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Maxim_Gorky_signature_%28after_1917%29.svg/300px-Maxim_Gorky_signature_%28after_1917%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="179"></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Maxim_Gorkiy_Vstupitelnoe_slovo.ogg" title="File:Maxim Gorkiy Vstupitelnoe slovo.ogg">Maxim Gorky's voice</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="148" data-mwtitle="Maxim_Gorkiy_Vstupitelnoe_slovo.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Maxim_Gorkiy_Vstupitelnoe_slovo.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/Maxim_Gorkiy_Vstupitelnoe_slovo.ogg/Maxim_Gorkiy_Vstupitelnoe_slovo.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio></div> <div class="description">Recorded in 1934</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> Gorky's most famous works are his early short stories "<a href="/wiki/Chelkash" title="Chelkash">Chelkash</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Old_Izergil" title="Old Izergil">Old Izergil</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Twenty-six_Men_and_a_Girl" title="Twenty-six Men and a Girl">Twenty-six Men and a Girl</a>" (written in the 1890s); plays <a href="/wiki/The_Philistines" title="The Philistines">The Philistines</a> (1901), <a href="/wiki/The_Lower_Depths" title="The Lower Depths">The Lower Depths</a> (1902) and <a href="/wiki/Children_of_the_Sun_(play)" title="Children of the Sun (play)">Children of the Sun</a> (1905); a poem, "<a href="/wiki/The_Song_of_the_Stormy_Petrel" title="The Song of the Stormy Petrel">The Song of the Stormy Petrel</a>" (1901); his <a href="/wiki/Autobiography" title="Autobiography">fictional autobiographical</a> trilogy, <a href="/wiki/My_Childhood_(Gorky_book)" class="mw-redirect" title="My Childhood (Gorky book)">My Childhood, In the World, My Universities</a> (1913–1923); and a novel, <a href="/wiki/Mother_(novel)" title="Mother (novel)">Mother</a> (1906). Gorky himself judged some of these works as failures, and Mother has been frequently criticized; Gorky thought of Mother as one of his biggest failures.<a href="#cite_note-mother-5">[3]</a> However, there have been warmer appraisals of some of his lesser-known post-revolutionary works such as the novels <a href="/wiki/The_Artamonov_Business" title="The Artamonov Business">The Artamonov Business</a> (1925) and <a href="/wiki/The_Life_of_Klim_Samgin" title="The Life of Klim Samgin">The Life of Klim Samgin</a> (1925–1936); the latter is considered by some as Gorky's masterpiece and has been viewed by some critics as a <a href="/wiki/Literary_modernism" title="Literary modernism">modernist</a> work.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeborn1982%5BhttpsbooksgooglecombooksidKGhGf-erYM8Cqsamgin_178%5D-6">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[5]</a> Unlike his pre-revolutionary writings (known for their "anti-psychologism") Gorky's later works differ, with an ambivalent portrayal of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a> and "unmodern interest to human psychology" (as noted by <a href="/wiki/D._S._Mirsky" title="D. S. Mirsky">D. S. Mirsky</a>).<a href="#cite_note-8">[6]</a> He had associations with fellow Russian writers <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Anton Chekhov</a>, both mentioned by Gorky in his memoirs. Gorky was active in the emerging <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a> socialist movement and later supported the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a>. He publicly opposed the <a href="/wiki/Tsarist" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsarist">Tsarist</a> regime and for a time closely associated himself with <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Bogdanov" title="Alexander Bogdanov">Alexander Bogdanov</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolshevik</a> wing of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party" title="Russian Social Democratic Labour Party">Russian Social Democratic Labour Party</a>. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Gorky supported <a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">pacifism</a> and internationalism and anti-war protests. For a significant part of his life he was exiled from Russia and later the Soviet Union (USSR), being critical both of the Tsarism and of the Bolsheviks during the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> and the 1920s, condemning the latter for political repressions. In 1928 he returned to the USSR on <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>'s personal invitation and lived there from 1932 until his death in June 1936. After his return he was officially declared the "founder of <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist Realism">Socialist Realism</a>". Despite this, Gorky's relations with the Soviet regime were rather difficult: while being Stalin's public supporter, he maintained friendships with <a href="/wiki/Lev_Kamenev" title="Lev Kamenev">Lev Kamenev</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Bukharin" title="Nikolai Bukharin">Nikolai Bukharin</a>, the leaders of the anti-Stalin opposition executed after Gorky's death; he also hoped to ease the Soviet cultural policies and made some efforts to defend the writers who disobeyed them, which resulted in him spending his last days under unannounced house arrest.<a href="#cite_note-imli-9">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[8]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Life">1 Life</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Early_years">1.1 Early years</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Political_and_literary_development">1.2 Political and literary development</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Capri_years">1.3 Capri years</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#World_War_I_and_the_Civil_War">1.4 World War I and the Civil War</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Second_exile">1.5 Second exile</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Return_to_Russia">1.6 Return to Russia</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Visits_to_Gulag_camps">1.7 Visits to Gulag camps</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Views_on_homosexuality">1.8 Views on homosexuality</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#1930s">1.9 1930s</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Death">1.10 Death</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Bibliography">2 Bibliography</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Novels">2.1 Novels</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Novellas_and_short_stories">2.2 Novellas and short stories</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Plays">2.3 Plays</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Non-fiction">2.4 Non-fiction</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Essays">2.5 Essays</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Poems">2.6 Poems</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Autobiography">2.7 Autobiography</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Collections">2.8 Collections</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Commemoration">3 Commemoration</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Monuments">3.1 Monuments</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Philately">3.2 Philately</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Numismatics">3.3 Numismatics</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#Depictions_and_adaptations">4 Depictions and adaptations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#See_also">5 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#Notes">6 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#References">7 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="#Sources">8 Sources</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#Further_reading">9 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="#External_links">10 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early years" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:E._M._Lilien_Ex_Libris_Gorki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/E._M._Lilien_Ex_Libris_Gorki.jpg/220px-E._M._Lilien_Ex_Libris_Gorki.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1779" data-file-height="2655"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 328px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/E._M._Lilien_Ex_Libris_Gorki.jpg/220px-E._M._Lilien_Ex_Libris_Gorki.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="328" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/E._M._Lilien_Ex_Libris_Gorki.jpg/330px-E._M._Lilien_Ex_Libris_Gorki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/E._M._Lilien_Ex_Libris_Gorki.jpg/440px-E._M._Lilien_Ex_Libris_Gorki.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>"Ex Libris Maxim Gorki" <a href="/wiki/Bookplate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bookplate">bookplate</a> from his personal library depicts the unchained <a href="/wiki/Prometheus" title="Prometheus">Prometheus</a> rising from the pages of a book, crushing a <a href="/wiki/Cat_o%27_nine_tails" title="Cat o' nine tails">multi-tailed whip</a> and shooing away black crows. <a href="/wiki/Saint_Basil%27s_Cathedral" title="Saint Basil's Cathedral">Saint Basil's Cathedral</a> is portrayed in the background</figcaption></figure> Born as Alexei Maximovich Peshkov on 28 March [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 16 March] 1868, in <a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a>, Gorky became an orphan at the age of eleven. He was brought up by his maternal grandmother<a href="#cite_note-kirjasto-3">[1]</a> and ran away from home at the age of twelve in 1880. After an attempt at suicide in December 1887 he travelled on foot across the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> for five years, changing jobs and accumulating impressions used later in his writing.<a href="#cite_note-kirjasto-3">[1]</a> As a journalist working for provincial newspapers he wrote under the pseudonym Иегудиил Хламида (Jehudiel Khlamida).<a href="#cite_note-librarything-11">[9]</a> He started using the pseudonym "Gorky" (from горький; literally "bitter") in 1892, when his first short story, "<a href="/wiki/Makar_Chudra" title="Makar Chudra">Makar Chudra</a>", was published by the newspaper Kavkaz (The Caucasus) in <a href="/wiki/Tiflis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiflis">Tiflis</a> where he spent several weeks doing menial jobs, mostly for the Caucasian Railway workshops.<a href="#cite_note-comment-12">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a> The name reflected his simmering anger about life in Russia and a determination to speak the bitter truth. Gorky's first book Очерки и рассказы (Essays and Stories) in 1898 enjoyed a sensational success and his career as a writer began. Gorky wrote incessantly, viewing literature less as an aesthetic practice (though he worked hard on style and form) than as a moral and political act that could change the world. He described the lives of people in the lowest strata and on the margins of society, revealing their hardships, humiliations, and brutalisation, but also their inner spark of humanity.<a href="#cite_note-kirjasto-3">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_and_literary_development">Political and literary development</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Political and literary development" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1900_yalta-gorky_and_chekhov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/1900_yalta-gorky_and_chekhov.jpg/220px-1900_yalta-gorky_and_chekhov.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="559"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 154px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/1900_yalta-gorky_and_chekhov.jpg/220px-1900_yalta-gorky_and_chekhov.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="154" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/1900_yalta-gorky_and_chekhov.jpg/330px-1900_yalta-gorky_and_chekhov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/1900_yalta-gorky_and_chekhov.jpg/440px-1900_yalta-gorky_and_chekhov.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Anton Chekhov</a> and Gorky. 1900, <a href="/wiki/Yalta" title="Yalta">Yalta</a></figcaption></figure> Gorky's reputation grew as a unique literary voice from the bottom stratum of society and as a fervent advocate of Russia's social, political, and cultural transformation. By 1899, he was openly associating with the emerging <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist</a> <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social-democratic</a> movement, which helped make him a celebrity among both the <a href="/wiki/Intelligentsia" title="Intelligentsia">intelligentsia</a> and the growing numbers of "conscious" workers. At the heart of all his work was a belief in the inherent worth and potential of the human person. In his writing, he counterposed individuals, aware of their natural dignity, and inspired by energy and will, with people who succumb to the degrading conditions of life around them. Both his writings and his letters reveal a "restless man" (a frequent self-description) struggling to resolve contradictory feelings of faith and scepticism, love of life and disgust at the vulgarity and pettiness of the human world.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 1916, Gorky said that the teachings of the ancient Jewish sage <a href="/wiki/Hillel_the_Elder" title="Hillel the Elder">Hillel the Elder</a> deeply influenced his life: "In my early youth I read...the words of...Hillel, if I remember rightly: 'If thou art not for thyself, who will be for thee? But if thou art for thyself alone, wherefore art thou'? The inner meaning of these words impressed me with their profound wisdom...The thought ate its way deep into my soul, and I say now with conviction: Hillel's wisdom served as a strong staff on my road, which was neither even nor easy. I believe that Jewish wisdom is more all-human and universal than any other; and this not only because of its immemorial age...but because of the powerful humaneness that saturates it, because of its high estimate of man."<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a> He publicly opposed the Tsarist regime and was arrested many times. Gorky befriended many revolutionaries and became a personal friend of <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a> after they met in 1902. He exposed governmental control of the press (see <a href="/wiki/Matvei_Golovinski" title="Matvei Golovinski">Matvei Golovinski</a> affair). In 1902, Gorky was elected an honorary Academician of Literature, but <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II of Russia">Tsar Nicholas II</a> ordered this annulled. In protest, <a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Anton Chekhov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Korolenko" title="Vladimir Korolenko">Vladimir Korolenko</a> left the academy.<a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1900_yasnaya_polyana-gorky_and_tolstoy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/1900_yasnaya_polyana-gorky_and_tolstoy.jpg/220px-1900_yasnaya_polyana-gorky_and_tolstoy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="3156"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 316px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/1900_yasnaya_polyana-gorky_and_tolstoy.jpg/220px-1900_yasnaya_polyana-gorky_and_tolstoy.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="316" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/1900_yasnaya_polyana-gorky_and_tolstoy.jpg/330px-1900_yasnaya_polyana-gorky_and_tolstoy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/1900_yasnaya_polyana-gorky_and_tolstoy.jpg/440px-1900_yasnaya_polyana-gorky_and_tolstoy.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a> with Gorky in <a href="/wiki/Yasnaya_Polyana" title="Yasnaya Polyana">Yasnaya Polyana</a>, 1900</figcaption></figure> From 1900 to 1905, Gorky's writings became more optimistic. He became more involved in the opposition movement, for which he was again briefly imprisoned in 1901. In 1904, having severed his relationship with the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Art_Theatre" title="Moscow Art Theatre">Moscow Art Theatre</a> in the wake of conflict with <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nemirovich-Danchenko" title="Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko">Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko</a>, Gorky returned to <a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a> to establish a theatre of his own.<a href="#cite_note-18">[c]</a> Both <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Stanislavski" title="Konstantin Stanislavski">Konstantin Stanislavski</a> and <a href="/wiki/Savva_Morozov" title="Savva Morozov">Savva Morozov</a> provided financial support for the venture.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenedetti1999150-19">[16]</a> Stanislavski believed that Gorky's theatre was an opportunity to develop the network of provincial theatres which he hoped would reform the art of the stage in Russia, a dream of his since the 1890s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenedetti1999150-19">[16]</a> He sent some pupils from the Art Theatre School—as well as <a href="/wiki/Ioasaf_Tikhomirov" title="Ioasaf Tikhomirov">Ioasaf Tikhomirov</a>, who ran the school—to work there.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenedetti1999150-19">[16]</a> By the autumn, however, after the censor had banned every play that the theatre proposed to stage, Gorky abandoned the project.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenedetti1999150-19">[16]</a> As a financially successful author, editor, and playwright, Gorky gave financial support to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party" title="Russian Social Democratic Labour Party">Russian Social Democratic Labour Party</a> (RSDLP), as well as supporting liberal appeals to the government for civil rights and social reform. The brutal shooting of workers marching to the Tsar with a petition for reform on 9 January 1905 (known as the <a href="/wiki/Bloody_Sunday_(1905)" title="Bloody Sunday (1905)">"Bloody Sunday"</a>), which set in motion the <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_1905" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolution of 1905">Revolution of 1905</a>, seems to have pushed Gorky more decisively toward radical solutions. He became closely associated with <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Bogdanov" title="Alexander Bogdanov">Alexander Bogdanov</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolshevik</a> wing of the party, with Bogdanov taking responsibility for the transfer of funds from Gorky to <a href="/wiki/Vpered" title="Vpered">Vpered</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[17]</a> It is not clear whether he ever formally joined, and his relations with Lenin and the Bolsheviks would always be rocky. His most influential writings in these years were a series of plays on social and political themes, most famously <a href="/wiki/The_Lower_Depths" title="The Lower Depths">The Lower Depths</a> (1902). While briefly imprisoned in <a href="/wiki/Peter_and_Paul_Fortress" title="Peter and Paul Fortress">Peter and Paul Fortress</a> during the abortive <a href="/wiki/1905_Russian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="1905 Russian Revolution">1905 Russian Revolution</a>, Gorky wrote the play <a href="/wiki/Children_of_the_Sun_(play)" title="Children of the Sun (play)">Children of the Sun</a>, nominally set during an 1862 <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a> epidemic, but universally understood to relate to present-day events. He was released from the prison after a European-wide campaign, which was supported by <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Rodin" title="Auguste Rodin">Auguste Rodin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anatole_France" title="Anatole France">Anatole France</a>, amongst others.<a href="#cite_note-21">[18]</a> Gorky assisted the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_uprising_of_1905" title="Moscow uprising of 1905">Moscow uprising of 1905</a>, and after its suppression his apartment was raided by the <a href="/wiki/Black_Hundreds" title="Black Hundreds">Black Hundreds</a>. He subsequently fled to <a href="/wiki/Saimaa" title="Saimaa">Lake Saimaa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Finland" title="Grand Duchy of Finland">Finland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[19]</a> In 1906, the Bolsheviks sent him on a fund-raising trip to the United States with <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Narodny" title="Ivan Narodny">Ivan Narodny</a>. When visiting the <a href="/wiki/Adirondack_Mountains" title="Adirondack Mountains">Adirondack Mountains</a>, Gorky wrote <a href="/wiki/Mother_(novel)" title="Mother (novel)">Mother</a>, his probably most famous novel of revolutionary conversion and struggle; despite its success and political impact, various critics and Gorky himself were harsh of the book's value as of a work of art.<a href="#cite_note-mother-5">[3]</a> His experiences in the United States—which included a scandal over his travelling with his lover (the actress <a href="/wiki/Maria_Fyodorovna_Andreyeva" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Fyodorovna Andreyeva">Maria Andreyeva</a>) rather than his wife—deepened his contempt for the "bourgeois soul". <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capri_years">Capri years</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Capri years" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Villa_Behring_on_Capri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Villa_Behring_on_Capri.jpg/220px-Villa_Behring_on_Capri.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3513" data-file-height="2456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 154px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Villa_Behring_on_Capri.jpg/220px-Villa_Behring_on_Capri.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="154" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Villa_Behring_on_Capri.jpg/330px-Villa_Behring_on_Capri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Villa_Behring_on_Capri.jpg/440px-Villa_Behring_on_Capri.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Between 1909–1911 Gorky lived on the island of Capri in the burgundy-coloured "Villa <a href="/wiki/Emil_Adolf_von_Behring" class="mw-redirect" title="Emil Adolf von Behring">Behring</a>".</figcaption></figure> From 1906 to 1913, Gorky lived on the island of <a href="/wiki/Capri" title="Capri">Capri</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">southern Italy</a>, partly for health reasons and partly to escape the increasingly repressive atmosphere in Russia.<a href="#cite_note-kirjasto-3">[1]</a> He continued to support the work of Russian social-democracy, especially the Bolsheviks and invited <a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Lunacharsky" title="Anatoly Lunacharsky">Anatoly Lunacharsky</a> to stay with him on Capri. The two men had worked together on Literaturny Raspad which appeared in 1908. It was during this period that Gorky, along with Lunacharsky, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Bogdanov" title="Alexander Bogdanov">Bogdanov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Bazarov" title="Vladimir Bazarov">Vladimir Bazarov</a> developed the idea of an Encyclopedia of Russian History as a socialist version of <a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Diderot</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie">Encyclopédie</a>. In 1906, Maxim Gorky visited New York City at the invitation of <a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain" title="Mark Twain">Mark Twain</a> and other writers. An invitation to the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> by President <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> was withdrawn after the <a href="/wiki/New_York_World" title="New York World">New York World</a> reported that the woman accompanying Gorky was not his wife.<a href="#cite_note-23">[20]</a> After this was revealed all of the hotels in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> refused to house the couple, and they had to stay at an apartment in <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[19]</a> During a visit to Switzerland, Gorky met Lenin, who he charged spent an inordinate amount of his time feuding with other revolutionaries, writing: "He looked awful. Even his tongue seemed to have turned grey".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoynahan1992117-24">[21]</a> Despite his <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-25">[22]</a> Gorky was not a materialist.<a href="#cite_note-26">[23]</a> Most controversially, he articulated, along with a few other maverick Bolsheviks, a philosophy he called "<a href="/wiki/God-Building" title="God-Building">God-Building</a>" (богостроительство, bogostroitel'stvo),<a href="#cite_note-kirjasto-3">[1]</a> which sought to recapture the power of myth for the revolution and to create religious atheism that placed collective humanity where God had been and was imbued with passion, wonderment, moral certainty, and the promise of deliverance from evil, suffering, and even death. Though 'God-Building' was ridiculed by Lenin, Gorky retained his belief that "culture"—the moral and spiritual awareness of the value and potential of the human self—would be more critical to the revolution's success than political or economic arrangements. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_I_and_the_Civil_War">World War I and the Civil War</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World War I and the Civil War" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> An amnesty granted for the <a href="/wiki/300th_anniversary_of_the_Romanov_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty">300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty</a> allowed Gorky to return to Russia in 1914, where he continued his social criticism, mentored other writers from the common people, and wrote a series of important cultural memoirs, including the first part of his autobiography.<a href="#cite_note-kirjasto-3">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[24]</a> On returning to Russia, he wrote that his main impression was that "everyone is so crushed and devoid of God's image." The only solution, he repeatedly declared, was "culture". With Russia entering <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> in 1914 and the outburst of patriotism Gorky became devastated; shortly after the destruction of the <a href="/wiki/Rheims_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="Rheims Cathedral">Rheims Cathedral</a>, Gorky wrote Andreeva: "All this is so terrible that I am unable to express even one one-hundredth of my heavy feelings, which are perhaps best described in words such as world catastrophe, the downfall of European culture." At first, Gorky along with the other writers signed a protest against the "barbarism of the Germans", blaming them for the war, "the despicable paper of the Russian liberals" in Lenin's words; later he wrote a series of anti-war publications, but succeeded in publishing only one of them, in which he appealed to feelings of international brotherhood and cooperation; one of the articles was confiscated by the censor, and another was condemned and led the journal being confiscated after being published. While not being a strong "<a href="/wiki/Defeatism" title="Defeatism">defeatist</a>" like Lenin, Gorky supported "a speedy end of the war and for peace without annexation or indemnities." In 1915, he launched the publishing house Parus and the magazine <a href="/wiki/Letopis" title="Letopis">Letopis</a> to spread anti-war stance and "defend the idea of international culture against all manifestations of nationalism and imperialism"; among its prominent writers were the poets <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Yesenin" title="Sergei Yesenin">Sergei Yesenin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Blok" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksandr Blok">Aleksandr Blok</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Mayakovsky" title="Vladimir Mayakovsky">Vladimir Mayakovsky</a>. Lenin was critical of Gorky's position: "In politics Gorky is always weak-willed and subject to emotions and moods." Gorky's best-known publication of the period were concerning <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitism</a>, written in response of the severe Tsarist repressions against the Jews, and an essay "Two Souls", which contrasted "the passive East" with "the active West" and promoted the values of European culture and progress and urged Russia break free from the "Eastern-Asiatic" "soul" and encouraged the Russian boureoisie to participate "in the work of reform". Although the <a href="/wiki/Okhrana" title="Okhrana">Okhrana</a>, the secret police, had failed to find a legal pretext to close the journal, the government decided to do it in January 1917, but these plans failed because of the <a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a>. Gorky distrusted it at first, but in Spring became cautiously optimist about it. In Summer, Gorky's publishing house published one of Lenin's most famous writings, <a href="/wiki/Imperialism,_the_Highest_Stage_of_Capitalism" title="Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism">Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism</a>, with Lenin's criticisms of <a href="/wiki/Karl_Kautsky" title="Karl Kautsky">Kautsky</a> removed from the text.<a href="#cite_note-yedlin-28">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[26]</a> After the February Revolution, Gorky visited the headquarters of the Okhrana on Kronversky Prospekt together with <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Sukhanov" title="Nikolai Sukhanov">Nikolai Sukhanov</a> and Vladimir Zenisinov.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoynahan199291_&_95-30">[27]</a> Gorky described the former Okhrana headquarters, where he sought literary inspiration, as derelict, with windows broken, and papers lying all over the floor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoynahan199291-31">[28]</a> Having dinner with Sukhanov later the same day, Gorky grimly predicted that revolution would end in "Asiatic savagery".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoynahan199295-32">[29]</a> Initially a supporter of the Socialist-Revolutionary <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kerensky" title="Alexander Kerensky">Alexander Kerensky</a>, Gorky switched over to the Bolsheviks after the <a href="/wiki/Kornilov_affair" title="Kornilov affair">Kornilov affair</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoynahan1992246-33">[30]</a> In July 1917, Gorky wrote his own experiences of the Russian working class had been sufficient to dispel any "notions that Russian workers are the incarnation of spiritual beauty and kindness".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoynahan1992201-34">[31]</a> Gorky admitted to feeling attracted to Bolshevism, but admitted to concerns about a creed that made the entire working class "sweet and reasonable – I had never known people who were really like this".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoynahan1992202-35">[32]</a> Gorky wrote that he knew the poor, the "carpenters, stevedores, bricklayers", in a way that the intellectual Lenin never did, and he frankly distrusted them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoynahan1992202-35">[32]</a> During World War I, his apartment in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Petrograd</a> was turned into a <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolshevik</a> staff room, and his politics remained close to the Bolsheviks throughout the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">revolutionary period of 1917</a>. On the day after the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution of 7 November 1917</a>, Gorky observed a gardener working the Alexander Park who had cleared snow during the February Revolution while ignoring the shots in the background, asked people during the <a href="/wiki/July_Days" title="July Days">July Days</a> not to trample the grass and was now chopping off branches, leading Gorky to write that he was "stubborn as a mole, and apparently as blind as one too".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoynahan1992318-36">[33]</a> Gorky's relations with the Bolsheviks became strained, however, after the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a>. One contemporary recalled how Gorky would turn "dark and black and grim" at the mere mention of Lenin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoynahan1992330-37">[34]</a> Gorky wrote that Vladimir Lenin together with <a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a> "have become poisoned with the filthy venom of power", crushing the rights of the individual to achieve their revolutionary dreams.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoynahan1992330-37">[34]</a> Gorky wrote that Lenin was a "cold-blooded trickster who spares neither the honor nor the life of the proletariat. ... He does not know the popular masses, he has not lived with them".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoynahan1992330-37">[34]</a> Gorky went on to compare Lenin to a chemist experimenting in a laboratory with the only difference being the chemist experimented with inanimate matter to improve life while Lenin was experimenting on the "living flesh of Russia".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoynahan1992330-37">[34]</a> A further strain on Gorky's relations with the Bolsheviks occurred when his newspaper <a href="/wiki/Novaya_Zhizn_(Mensheviks)" title="Novaya Zhizn (Mensheviks)">Novaya Zhizn</a> (New Life) fell prey to Bolshevik censorship during the ensuing civil war, around which time Gorky published a collection of essays critical of the Bolsheviks called Untimely Thoughts in 1918, which would not be republished in Russia until after the <a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">Perestroika</a>. The essays call Lenin a tyrant for his senseless arrests and repression of free discourse, and an anarchist for his conspiratorial tactics; Gorky compares Lenin to both the Tsar and <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Nechayev" title="Sergey Nechayev">Nechayev</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[35]</a> <dl><dd>"Lenin and his associates", Gorky wrote, "consider it possible to commit all kinds of crimes ... the abolition of free speech and senseless arrests."<a href="#cite_note-39">[36]</a></dd></dl> He was a member of the Committee for the Struggle against Antisemitism within the Soviet government.<a href="#cite_note-40">[37]</a> In 1921, he hired a secretary, <a href="/wiki/Moura_Budberg" title="Moura Budberg">Moura Budberg</a>, who later became his mistress. In August 1921, the poet <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Gumilev" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolay Gumilev">Nikolay Gumilev</a> was arrested by the Petrograd <a href="/wiki/Cheka" title="Cheka">Cheka</a> for his <a href="/wiki/Monarchist" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchist">monarchist</a> views. There is a story that Gorky hurried to Moscow, obtained an order to release Gumilev from Lenin personally, but upon his return to Petrograd he found out that Gumilev had already been shot – but <a href="/wiki/Nadezhda_Mandelstam" title="Nadezhda Mandelstam">Nadezhda Mandelstam</a>, a close friend of Gumilev's widow, <a href="/wiki/Anna_Akhmatova" title="Anna Akhmatova">Anna Akhmatova</a> wrote that: "It is true that people asked him to intervene. ... Gorky had a strong dislike of Gumilev, but he nevertheless promised to do something. He could not keep his promise because the sentence of death was announced and carried out with unexpected haste, before Gorky had got round to doing anything."<a href="#cite_note-41">[38]</a> In October, Gorky returned to Italy on health grounds: he had <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>. In July 1921, Gorky published an appeal to the outside world, saying that millions of lives were menaced by crop failure. The <a href="/wiki/Russian_famine_of_1921%E2%80%9322" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian famine of 1921–22">Russian famine of 1921–22</a>, also known as <a href="/wiki/Volga_region" title="Volga region">Povolzhye</a> famine, killed an estimated 5 million, primarily affecting the Volga and Ural River regions.<a href="#cite_note-42">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_exile">Second exile</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Second exile" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maxim_Gorky_1926.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Maxim_Gorky_1926.jpg/220px-Maxim_Gorky_1926.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="832" data-file-height="1181"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 312px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Maxim_Gorky_1926.jpg/220px-Maxim_Gorky_1926.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="312" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Maxim_Gorky_1926.jpg/330px-Maxim_Gorky_1926.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Maxim_Gorky_1926.jpg/440px-Maxim_Gorky_1926.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Gorky in 1926</figcaption></figure> Gorky left Russia in September 1921, for Berlin. There he heard about the impending <a href="/wiki/1922_Moscow_Trial_of_Socialist_Revolutionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="1922 Moscow Trial of Socialist Revolutionaries">Moscow Trial of 12 Socialist Revolutionaries</a>, which hardened his opposition to the Bolshevik regime. He wrote to <a href="/wiki/Anatole_France" title="Anatole France">Anatole France</a> denouncing the trial as a "cynical and public preparation for the murder" of people who had fought for the freedom of the Russian people. He also wrote to the Soviet vice-premier, <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Rykov" title="Alexei Rykov">Alexei Rykov</a> asking him to tell <a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a> that any death sentences carried out on the defendants would be "premeditated and foul murder."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcSmith201586-43">[40]</a> This provoked a contemptuous reaction from Lenin, who described Gorky as "always supremely spineless in politics", and Trotsky, who dismissed Gorky as an "artist whom no-one takes seriously".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcSmith201582-44">[41]</a> He was denied permission by Italy's fascist government to return to Capri, but was permitted to settle in Sorrento, where he lived from 1922 to 1932, with an extended household that included Moura Budberg, his ex-wife Andreyeva, her lover, <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Kryuchkov" title="Pyotr Kryuchkov">Pyotr Kryuchkov</a>, who acted as Gorky's secretary (initially a spy for Yagoda) for the remainder of his life, Gorky's son Max Peshkov, Max's wife, Timosha, and their two young daughters. He wrote several successful books while there,<a href="#cite_note-45">[42]</a> but by 1928 he was having difficulty earning enough to keep his large household, and began to seek an accommodation with the communist regime. The General Secretary of the Communist Party <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> was equally keen to entice Gorky back to the USSR. He paid his first visit in May 1928 – at the very time when the regime was staging its first show trial since 1922, the so-called <a href="/wiki/Shakhty_Trial" title="Shakhty Trial">Shakhty Trial</a> of 53 engineers employed in the coal industry, one of whom, Pyotr Osadchy, had visited Gorky in <a href="/wiki/Sorrento" title="Sorrento">Sorrento</a>. In contrast to his attitude to the trial of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Revolutionary_Party" title="Socialist Revolutionary Party">Socialist Revolutionaries</a>, Gorky accepted without question that the engineers were guilty, and expressed regret that in the past he had intervened on behalf of professionals who were being persecuted by the regime. During the visit, he struck up friendships with <a href="/wiki/Genrikh_Yagoda" title="Genrikh Yagoda">Genrikh Yagoda</a> (deputy head of the <a href="/wiki/OGPU" class="mw-redirect" title="OGPU">OGPU</a>) who vested interest in spying on Gorky, and two other OGPU officers, <a href="/wiki/Semyon_Firin" title="Semyon Firin">Semyon Firin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matvei_Pogrebinsky" title="Matvei Pogrebinsky">Matvei Pogrebinsky</a>, who held high office in the <a href="/wiki/Gulag" title="Gulag">Gulag</a>. Pogrebinsky was Gorky's guest in Sorrento for four weeks in 1930. The following year, Yagoda sent his brother-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Averbakh" title="Leopold Averbakh">Leopold Averbakh</a> to Sorrento, with instructions to induce Gorky to return to Russia permanently.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcSmith201584%E2%80%9388-46">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_to_Russia">Return to Russia</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Return to Russia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Avel_Enukidze_Joseph_Stalin_and_Maxim_Gorky_Red_Square_1931.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Avel_Enukidze_Joseph_Stalin_and_Maxim_Gorky_Red_Square_1931.jpg/220px-Avel_Enukidze_Joseph_Stalin_and_Maxim_Gorky_Red_Square_1931.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1832" data-file-height="1361"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 163px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Avel_Enukidze_Joseph_Stalin_and_Maxim_Gorky_Red_Square_1931.jpg/220px-Avel_Enukidze_Joseph_Stalin_and_Maxim_Gorky_Red_Square_1931.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="163" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Avel_Enukidze_Joseph_Stalin_and_Maxim_Gorky_Red_Square_1931.jpg/330px-Avel_Enukidze_Joseph_Stalin_and_Maxim_Gorky_Red_Square_1931.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Avel_Enukidze_Joseph_Stalin_and_Maxim_Gorky_Red_Square_1931.jpg/440px-Avel_Enukidze_Joseph_Stalin_and_Maxim_Gorky_Red_Square_1931.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Avel_Enukidze" class="mw-redirect" title="Avel Enukidze">Avel Enukidze</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> and Maxim Gorky celebrate the 10th anniversary of <a href="/wiki/Red_Sport_International" title="Red Sport International">Sportintern</a>. Red Square, Moscow USSR. August 1931</figcaption></figure> Gorky's return from <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy#Fascist_regime_(1922%E2%80%931943)" title="Kingdom of Italy">Fascist Italy</a> was a major propaganda victory for the Soviets. He was decorated with the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Lenin" title="Order of Lenin">Order of Lenin</a> and given a mansion (formerly belonging to the millionaire <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Ryabushinsky" title="Pavel Ryabushinsky">Pavel Ryabushinsky</a>, which was for many years the <a href="/wiki/Gorky_Museum" title="Gorky Museum">Gorky Museum</a>) in Moscow and a <a href="/wiki/Dacha" title="Dacha">dacha</a> in the suburbs. The city of Nizhny Novgorod, and the surrounding province were renamed Gorky. <a href="/wiki/Gorky_Park_(Moscow)" title="Gorky Park (Moscow)">Moscow's main park</a>, and one of the central Moscow streets, Tverskaya, were renamed in his honour, as was the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Art_Theatre" title="Moscow Art Theatre">Moscow Art Theatre</a>. The largest fixed-wing aircraft in the world in the mid-1930s, the <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-20" title="Tupolev ANT-20">Tupolev ANT-20</a> was named Maxim Gorky in his honour. He was also appointed President of the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Soviet_Writers" title="Union of Soviet Writers">Union of Soviet Writers</a>, founded in 1932, to coincide with his return to the USSR. On 11 October 1931 Gorky read his fairy tale poem "A Girl and Death" (which he wrote in 1892) to his visitors <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kliment_Voroshilov" title="Kliment Voroshilov">Kliment Voroshilov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Molotov">Vyacheslav Molotov</a>, an event that was later depicted by Viktor Govorov in his <a href="#Gallery">painting</a>. On that same day Stalin left his autograph on the last page of this work by Gorky: "This piece is stronger than <a href="/wiki/Goethe%27s_Faust" title="Goethe's Faust">Goethe's Faust</a> (love defeats death)" Voroshilov also left a "resolution": "I am illiterate, but I think that Comrade Stalin more than correctly defined the meaning of A. Gorky's poems. On my own behalf, I will say: I love M. Gorky as my and my class of writer, who correctly defined our forward movement."<a href="#cite_note-47">[44]</a> As <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Ivanov_(philologist)" title="Vyacheslav Ivanov (philologist)">Vyacheslav Ivanov</a> remembers, Gorky was very upset: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">They wrote their resolution on his fairy tale "A Girl and Death". <a href="/wiki/Vsevolod_Ivanov" title="Vsevolod Ivanov">My father</a>, who spoke about this episode with Gorky, insisted emphatically that Gorky was offended. Stalin and Voroshilov were drunk and fooling around.<a href="#cite_note-48">[45]</a> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visits_to_Gulag_camps">Visits to Gulag camps</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Visits to Gulag camps" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ryabushinsky_House_01_by_shakko.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Ryabushinsky_House_01_by_shakko.jpg/220px-Ryabushinsky_House_01_by_shakko.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Ryabushinsky_House_01_by_shakko.jpg/220px-Ryabushinsky_House_01_by_shakko.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Ryabushinsky_House_01_by_shakko.jpg/330px-Ryabushinsky_House_01_by_shakko.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Ryabushinsky_House_01_by_shakko.jpg/440px-Ryabushinsky_House_01_by_shakko.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>On his definitive return to the Soviet Union in 1932, Maxim Gorky received the Ryabushinsky Mansion, designed in 1900 by <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Schechtel" title="Fyodor Schechtel">Fyodor Schechtel</a> for the Ryabushinsky family. The mansion today houses a museum about Gorky.</figcaption></figure> In 1933, Gorky co-edited, with Averbakh and Firin, an infamous book about the <a href="/wiki/White_Sea%E2%80%93Baltic_Canal" title="White Sea–Baltic Canal">White Sea–Baltic Canal</a>, presented as an example of "successful rehabilitation of the former enemies of proletariat". For other writers, he urged that one obtained realism by extracting the basic idea from reality, but by adding the potential and desirable to it, one added romanticism with deep revolutionary potential.<a href="#cite_note-49">[46]</a> For himself, Gorky avoided realism. His denials that even a single prisoner died during the construction of the aforementioned canal was refuted by <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn">Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn</a> who claimed thousands of prisoners froze to death not only in the evenings from the lack of adequate shelter and food, but even in the middle of the day. Most tellingly, Solzhenitsyn and <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Likhachov" class="mw-redirect" title="Dmitry Likhachov">Dmitry Likhachov</a> document a visit, on 20 June 1929 to <a href="/wiki/Solovki_prison_camp" title="Solovki prison camp">Solovki</a>, the "original" forced labour camp, and the model upon which thousands of others were constructed. Given Gorky's reputation, (both to the authorities and to the prisoners), the camp was transformed from one where prisoners (Zeks) were worked to death to one befitting the official Soviet idea of "transformation through labour". Gorky did not notice the relocation of thousands of prisoners to ease the overcrowding, the new clothes on the prisoners (used to labouring in their underwear), or even the hiding of prisoners under tarpaulins, and the removal of the torture rooms. The deception was exposed when Gorky was presented with children "model prisoners", one of who challenged Gorky if he "wanted to know the truth". On the affirmative, the room was cleared and the 14-year-old boy recounted the truth – starvation, men worked to death, and of the pole torture, of using men instead of horses, of the summary executions, of rolling prisoners, bound to a heavy pole down stairs with hundreds of steps, of spending the night, in underwear, in the snow. Gorky never wrote about the boy, or even asked to take the boy with him. The boy was executed after Gorky left.<a href="#cite_note-50">[47]</a> Gorky left the room in tears, and wrote in the visitor book "I am not in a state of mind to express my impressions in just a few words. I wouldn't want, yes, and I would likewise be ashamed to permit myself the banal praise of the remarkable energy of people who, while remaining vigilant and tireless sentinels of the Revolution, are able, at the same time, to be remarkably bold creators of culture".<a href="#cite_note-51">[48]</a> In a collection of academic papers about Gorky by the <a href="/wiki/Gorky_Institute_of_World_Literature" title="Gorky Institute of World Literature">World Literature Institute</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Russian Academy of Sciences">Russian Academy of Sciences</a> published in 1995 it was noted that the story about the boy was first told by <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn">Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Gulag_Archipelago" title="The Gulag Archipelago">The Gulag Archipelago</a> and there was no other testimonies in support of it, that there were never details given about the boy's identity, and that the story isn't supported by documents: "In the Solovki Museum... information about the real boy was not found; this story is considered to be a legend."<a href="#cite_note-52">[49]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Bykov" title="Dmitry Bykov">Dmitry Bykov</a> in his biography of Gorky wrote that whether or not did the boy exist, "mass consciousness is structured in such a way that the boy is needed, and it is no longer possible to erase him from Gorky's biography";<a href="#cite_note-53">[50]</a> Gorky's biographer <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Basinsky" title="Pavel Basinsky">Pavel Basinsky</a> makes a similar statement that such "legends" represent "the essence of reality", but if the boy existed, it would be impossible for Gorky to "take the boy with him" even with his reputation of a "great proletarian writer": for example, Gorky had to spend over 2 years to free <a href="/wiki/Julia_Danzas" title="Julia Danzas">Julia Danzas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[51]</a> Gorky also helped other political prisoners (not without the influence of his wife, <a href="/wiki/Yekaterina_Peshkova" title="Yekaterina Peshkova">Yekaterina Peshkova</a>). For example, because of Gorky's interference <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin" title="Mikhail Bakhtin">Mikhail Bakhtin</a>'s initial verdict (5 years of Solovki) was changed to 6 years of exile.<a href="#cite_note-55">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Views_on_homosexuality">Views on homosexuality</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Views on homosexuality" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gay_Nazis_myth" title="Gay Nazis myth">Gay Nazis myth</a> and <a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Russia#LGBT_history_under_Stalin:_1933%E2%80%931953" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in Russia">LGBT history in Russia § LGBT history under Stalin: 1933–1953</a></div> Gorky strongly supported efforts in getting a law passed in 1934, <a href="/wiki/Criminalization_of_homosexuality" title="Criminalization of homosexuality">making homosexuality a criminal offense</a>. His attitude was coloured by the fact that some members of the Nazi <a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Sturmabteilung</a> were homosexual. The phrase "exterminate all homosexuals and fascism will vanish" is often attributed to him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcSmith2015160-56">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lingiardi_2002_p._89-57">[54]</a> Writing in <a href="/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda">Pravda</a> on 23 May 1934, Gorky said: "There is already a sarcastic saying: Destroy homosexuality and fascism will disappear."<a href="#cite_note-58">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1930s">1930s</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1930s" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Gorky was a strong and sincere supporter of such Stalinist policies as usage of forced labour, collectivization and "<a href="/wiki/Dekulakization" title="Dekulakization">dekulakization</a>" and the show trials against the saboteurs of the Plan, but being a propagandist for such policies wasn't his main role; he was regarded as an "ideological asset" to personify the myth of the "proletarian culture" and bring literature, as Tovah Yedlin writes, under the control of the party,<a href="#cite_note-60">[57]</a> becoming officially praised as "the founder of <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist Realism">Socialist Realism</a> in literature". However, in her political biography of Gorky she also describes his various conflicts with the official cultural policies and the increasing pressure on him towards the end of his life;<a href="#cite_note-yedlin-28">[25]</a> during his last years, he supported friendly relations with <a href="/wiki/Lev_Kamenev" title="Lev Kamenev">Lev Kamenev</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Bukharin" title="Nikolai Bukharin">Nikolai Bukharin</a>, the leaders of the opposition which were executed after Gorky's death, and he could be sympathetic to the centrist and <a href="/wiki/Right_Opposition" title="Right Opposition">Right Opposition</a> in general; both Bukharin and Kamenev had been friends with Gorky since 1920s.<a href="#cite_note-gla-61">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-imli-9">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-cioni-62">[59]</a> Paola Cioni noted that although there are traits of a conflict in the relations between Stalin and the state and Gorky, it is uncertain when this conflict was provoked by psychological motives, and when it was provoked by his political position.<a href="#cite_note-cioni-62">[59]</a> It is certain, however, that Gorky intervened on behalf of such politically persecuted individuals as the historian <a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Tarle" title="Yevgeny Tarle">Yevgeny Tarle</a> and the literary critic, <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin" title="Mikhail Bakhtin">Mikhail Bakhtin</a>, succeeded in making possible for the writers <a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Zamyatin" title="Yevgeny Zamyatin">Yevgeny Zamyatin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Victor_Serge" title="Victor Serge">Victor Serge</a> to leave the country, tried to intercede on behalf of <a href="/wiki/Karl_Radek" title="Karl Radek">Karl Radek</a> and Bukharin, and made Kamenev appointed as director of the publishing house <a href="/wiki/Academia_(Soviet_publishing_house)" title="Academia (Soviet publishing house)">Academia</a>; Gorky also made efforts to support the literary "<a href="/wiki/Fellow_traveller" title="Fellow traveller">fellow travellers</a>" and writers who had troubles with their works being published for ideological or artistic reasons or were disapproved by the official critic. For example, in letters to Stalin he defended <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov">Mikhail Bulgakov</a>, and partly because of Gorky, Bulgakov's plays <a href="/wiki/The_Cabal_of_Hypocrites" title="The Cabal of Hypocrites">The Cabal of Hypocrites</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Days_of_the_Turbins" title="The Days of the Turbins">The Days of the Turbins</a> were allowed for staging;<a href="#cite_note-63">[60]</a> Gorky took <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Platonov" title="Andrei Platonov">Andrei Platonov</a> to the "writers' brigades" after he was made unable to be published because of his work critical of the collectivization, although Gorky rejected his "pessimistic" texts;<a href="#cite_note-64">[61]</a> with Gorky's intervention, Bukharin became one of the keynote speakers on the Writers' Congress and proclaimed <a href="/wiki/Boris_Pasternak" title="Boris Pasternak">Boris Pasternak</a>, who was denounced by the Stalinist party critics as "decadent", to be "first poet" of the USSR.<a href="#cite_note-gla-61">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-imli-9">[7]</a> Gorky was not a supporter of artistic pluralism and diversity among writers and agreed that some censorship had to be inevitable, often being dismissive and rigid of creative experiments; however, Gorky was concerned with the bureaucratization of the Union of Writers and tried to oppose the increasing pressure on writers and attacked the party-sanctioned authors and them achieving the highest ranks in the literary bureaucracy.<a href="#cite_note-65">[62]</a> Such Stalin's closest associates as <a href="/wiki/Lazar_Kaganovich" title="Lazar Kaganovich">Lazar Kaganovich</a> opposed Gorky and Bukharin in their efforts against the increasing party control of literature, and Kaganovich in his letters to Stalin wrote about Gorky's ideological faults and the ostensible influence of the Opposition on him. For example, Kaganovich and several Politburo members visited Gorky and demanded his keynote speech for the Congress of Writers to be rewritten, and in his account of the visit, Kaganovich reported that Gorky's "mood [was] apparently not very good", and that the "aftertaste" with which Gorky was critical about some life aspects in the USSR "reminded [him] of <a href="/wiki/Nadezhda_Krupskaya" title="Nadezhda Krupskaya">Comrade Krupskaya</a>", Lenin's wife who supported the <a href="/wiki/Right_Opposition" title="Right Opposition">Right Opposition</a>, and that Kamenev seemingly had "an important role in shaping" Gorky's "moods"; Kaganovich also proposed to heavily edit Gorky's attack on the members of the Organising Committee and publish it so it wouldn't circulate illegally. Another act which concerned the Politburo was Gorky's support of the members of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Association_of_Proletarian_Writers" title="Russian Association of Proletarian Writers">RAPP</a>, the former party institution to control literature the members of which fell out of favour after its disbandment; Kaganovich wrote about Gorky supporting the RAPP-led campaign against Stalin's hand-picked leadership of the Organising Committee of the Union and demands to let <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Averbakh" title="Leopold Averbakh">Leopold Averbakh</a>, the leader of RAPP who was executed in 1937, speak at the congress.<a href="#cite_note-gla-61">[58]</a> After his arrest in the beginning of 1935, Kamenev wrote a letter to Gorky: "We didn't talk with you about politics, and when I told you about the feeling of love and respect for Stalin..., about my readiness to sincerely work with him, that all feelings of resentment and anger burned out in me — I told the truth... I loved you from the bottom of my heart"; Gorky's secretary Kryuchkov didn't register the letter in Gorky's correspondence receipt book, but the hand-written copy in the Gorky archives contains the writer's characteristic annotations in red pencil; meanwhile, as Gorky's relationship with Stalin worsened, the latter stopped visiting him and replying to his phone calls, and their formal correspondence was almost entirely maintained by Gorky, with Stalin replying occasionally.<a href="#cite_note-gla-61">[58]</a> Later Gorky tried to defend an issue of Dostoevsky's <a href="/wiki/Demons_(Dostoevsky_novel)" title="Demons (Dostoevsky novel)">Demons</a> which was prepared by Kamenev and came out after his arrest; the novel had a reputation of a "counter-revolutionary" work. As the conflict was becoming more visible, Gorky's political and literary positions became weaker. <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Panfyorov" title="Fyodor Panfyorov">Fyodor Panferov</a>, one of the party-sanctioned leaders of the Socialist Realism writers earlier attacked by Gorky, published an answer to him, in which he dismissed his line of criticizing the officially acclaimed Socialist Realism writers while supporting such ostensible enemies of Communism as <a href="/wiki/D._S._Mirsky" title="D. S. Mirsky">D. S. Mirsky</a>. David Zaslavsky published an ironic response to Gorky's article defending Demons, in which he accused Gorky in connivance in the formation of the "counter-revolutionary intelligentsia" and directly compared his "liberal position" with the ideological enemies, namely Kamenev and <a href="/wiki/Grigory_Zinoviev" title="Grigory Zinoviev">Zinoviev</a>: "Next thing you know you'll be calling for publication of White Guard writers", as <a href="/wiki/Korney_Chukovsky" title="Korney Chukovsky">Korney Chukovsky</a> summarized in his diary; Gorky's second answer to Zaslavsky was not published.<a href="#cite_note-66">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[64]</a> During the officially organized <a href="/wiki/Muddle_Instead_of_Music" title="Muddle Instead of Music">campaign</a> against the composer <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Shostakovich" class="mw-redirect" title="Dmitry Shostakovich">Dmitry Shostakovich</a>, Gorky wrote a letter to Stalin in defense of the composer, demanding a "careful" treatment of him and calling his critics "a bunch of mediocre people, hack-workers" "attack[ing] Shostakovich in every possible way."<a href="#cite_note-68">[65]</a> Such sources as <a href="/wiki/Romain_Rolland" title="Romain Rolland">Romain Rolland</a>'s diary demonstrate that because of Gorky's refusal to blindly obey the policies of Stalinism, he had lost the Party's goodwill and spent his last days under unannounced house arrest.<a href="#cite_note-yedlin-28">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Death" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kremlin_Wall_Necropolis_-_Gorky,_Maxim_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Kremlin_Wall_Necropolis_-_Gorky%2C_Maxim_04.jpg/220px-Kremlin_Wall_Necropolis_-_Gorky%2C_Maxim_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="249" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="487"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 249px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Kremlin_Wall_Necropolis_-_Gorky%2C_Maxim_04.jpg/220px-Kremlin_Wall_Necropolis_-_Gorky%2C_Maxim_04.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="249" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Kremlin_Wall_Necropolis_-_Gorky%2C_Maxim_04.jpg/330px-Kremlin_Wall_Necropolis_-_Gorky%2C_Maxim_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Kremlin_Wall_Necropolis_-_Gorky%2C_Maxim_04.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Grave of Maxim Gorky in the <a href="/wiki/Kremlin_Wall_Necropolis" title="Kremlin Wall Necropolis">Kremlin Wall Necropolis</a></figcaption></figure> With the increase of <a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinist</a> repression and especially after the assassination of <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Kirov" title="Sergei Kirov">Sergei Kirov</a> in December 1934, Gorky was placed under unannounced house arrest in his house near Moscow in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gorki-10&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gorki-10 (page does not exist)">Gorki-10</a> (the name of the place is a completely different word in Russian unrelated to his surname). His long-serving secretary <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Kryuchkov" title="Pyotr Kryuchkov">Pyotr Kryuchkov</a> had been recruited by Yagoda as a paid informer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcSmith201591-69">[66]</a> Before his death from a lingering illness in June 1936, he was visited at home by Stalin, Yagoda, and other leading communists, and by <a href="/wiki/Moura_Budberg" title="Moura Budberg">Moura Budberg</a>, who had chosen not to return to the USSR with him but was permitted to stay for his funeral. The sudden death of Gorky's son Maxim Peshkov in May 1934 was followed by the death of Maxim Gorky himself in June 1936 from pneumonia. Speculation has long surrounded the circumstances of his death. Stalin and <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Molotov">Molotov</a> were among those who carried Gorky's urn during the funeral. During the <a href="/wiki/Case_of_the_Anti-Soviet_%22Bloc_of_Rightists_and_Trotskyites%22" title='Case of the Anti-Soviet "Bloc of Rightists and Trotskyites"'>Bukharin trial in 1938</a> (last of the three <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow Trials">Moscow Trials</a>), one of the charges was that Gorky was killed by <a href="/wiki/Genrikh_Yagoda" title="Genrikh Yagoda">Yagoda</a>'s <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a> agents.<a href="#cite_note-70">[67]</a> According to several historians, Gorky and his son were poisoned by NKVD chief <a href="/wiki/Genrikh_Yagoda" title="Genrikh Yagoda">Genrikh Yagoda</a> on the orders from Stalin and possibly with the assistance of "Kremlin's doctors" <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Pletnyov_(doctor)" title="Dmitry Pletnyov (doctor)">Pletnyov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lev_Levin" title="Lev Levin">Lev Levin</a> using substances developed at <a href="/wiki/Poison_laboratory_of_the_Soviet_secret_services" title="Poison laboratory of the Soviet secret services">a special NKVD laboratory in Moscow</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[71]</a> In Soviet times, before and after his death, the complexities in Gorky's life and outlook were reduced to an iconic image (echoed in heroic pictures and statues dotting the countryside): Gorky as a great Soviet writer who emerged from the common people, a loyal friend of the Bolsheviks, and the founder of the increasingly canonical "<a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">socialist realism</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Ellis,_Andrew_2012,_p._22-75">[72]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Maxim_Gorky_bibliography" title="Maxim Gorky bibliography">Maxim Gorky bibliography</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mikhail_Nesterov_042.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Mikhail_Nesterov_042.jpg/220px-Mikhail_Nesterov_042.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="659"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 333px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Mikhail_Nesterov_042.jpg/220px-Mikhail_Nesterov_042.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="333" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Mikhail_Nesterov_042.jpg/330px-Mikhail_Nesterov_042.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Mikhail_Nesterov_042.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Portrait of Maxim Gorky by <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Nesterov" title="Mikhail Nesterov">Mikhail Nesterov</a> (1901)</figcaption></figure> Source: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTurnerStrever,_Mark1946" class="citation book cs1">Turner, Lily; Strever, Mark (1946). Orphan Paul; A Bibliography and Chronology of Maxim Gorky. New York: Boni and Gaer. pp. 261–270.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orphan+Paul%3B+A+Bibliography+and+Chronology+of+Maxim+Gorky&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E261-%3C%2Fspan%3E270&rft.pub=Boni+and+Gaer&rft.date=1946&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Lily&rft.au=Strever%2C+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Novels">Novels</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Novels" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>Goremyka Pavel, (Горемыка Павел, 1894). Published in English as Orphan Paul<a href="#cite_note-76">[73]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foma_Gordeyev" title="Foma Gordeyev">Foma Gordeyev</a> (Фома Гордеев, 1899). Also translated as The Man Who Was Afraid</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_of_Them" title="Three of Them">Three of Them</a> (Трое, 1900). Also translated as Three Men and The Three</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mother_(1906_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Mother (1906 novel)">The Mother</a> (Мать, 1906). First published in English, in 1906</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Life_of_a_Useless_Man" title="The Life of a Useless Man">The Life of a Useless Man</a> (Жизнь ненужного человека, 1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Confession_(Gorky)" title="A Confession (Gorky)">A Confession</a> (Исповедь, 1908)</li> <li>Gorodok Okurov (Городок Окуров, 1908), not translated</li> <li>The Life of Matvei Kozhemyakin (Жизнь Матвея Кожемякина, 1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Artamonov_Business" title="The Artamonov Business">The Artamonov Business</a> (Дело Артамоновых, 1925). Also translated as The Artamonovs and Decadence</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Life_of_Klim_Samgin" title="The Life of Klim Samgin">The Life of Klim Samgin</a> (Жизнь Клима Самгина, 1925–1936). Published in English as Forty Years: The Life of Clim Samghin <ul><li>Volume I. Bystander (1930)</li> <li>Volume II. The Magnet (1931)</li> <li>Volume III. Other Fires (1933)</li> <li>Volume IV. The Specter (1938)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Novellas_and_short_stories">Novellas and short stories</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Novellas and short stories" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sketches_and_Stories&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sketches and Stories (page does not exist)">Sketches and Stories</a> (Очерки и рассказы), 1899 <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Makar_Chudra" title="Makar Chudra">Makar Chudra</a>" (Макар Чудра), 1892</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Old_Izergil" title="Old Izergil">Old Izergil</a>" (Старуха Изергиль), 1895</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Chelkash" title="Chelkash">Chelkash</a>" (Челкаш), 1895</li> <li>"Konovalov" (Коновалов), 1897</li> <li>The Orlovs (Супруги Орловы), 1897</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creatures_That_Once_Were_Men" title="Creatures That Once Were Men">Creatures That Once Were Men</a> (Бывшие люди), 1897</li> <li>"Malva" (Мальва), 1897</li> <li>Varenka Olesova (Варенька Олесова), 1898</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Twenty-six_Men_and_a_Girl" title="Twenty-six Men and a Girl">Twenty-six Men and a Girl</a>" (Двадцать шесть и одна), 1899</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plays">Plays</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Plays" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Philistines" title="The Philistines">The Philistines</a> (Мещане), translated also as The Smug Citizens and The Petty Bourgeois (Мещане), 1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lower_Depths" title="The Lower Depths">The Lower Depths</a> (На дне), 1902</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summerfolk_(play)" class="mw-redirect" title="Summerfolk (play)">Summerfolk</a> (Дачники), 1904</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_of_the_Sun_(play)" title="Children of the Sun (play)">Children of the Sun</a> (Дети солнца), 1905</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbarians_(play)" title="Barbarians (play)">Barbarians</a> (Варвары), 1905</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enemies_(play)" title="Enemies (play)">Enemies</a>, 1906.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Ones" title="The Last Ones">The Last Ones</a> (Последние), 1908. Translated also as Our Father<a href="#cite_note-77">[d]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reception_(play)" title="Reception (play)">Reception</a> (Встреча), 1910. Translated also as Children</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_People" title="Queer People">Queer People</a> (Чудаки), 1910. Translated also as Eccentrics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vassa_Zheleznova_(play)" title="Vassa Zheleznova (play)">Vassa Zheleznova</a> (Васса Железнова), 1910, 1935 (revised version)</li> <li>The Zykovs (Зыковы), 1913</li> <li>Counterfeit Money (Фальшивая монета), 1913</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Man_(Gorky_play)" title="The Old Man (Gorky play)">The Old Man</a> (Старик), 1915, Revised 1922, 1924. Translated also as The Judge</li> <li>Workaholic Slovotekov (Работяга Словотеков), 1920</li> <li>Egor Bulychev (Егор Булычов и другие), 1932</li> <li>Dostigayev and Others (Достигаев и другие), 1933</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-fiction">Non-fiction</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Non-fiction" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autobiographies_of_Maxim_Gorky" title="Autobiographies of Maxim Gorky">My Childhood. In the World. My Universities</a> (1913–1923)</li> <li>Chaliapin, articles in Letopis, 1917<a href="#cite_note-79">[e]</a></li> <li>My Recollections of Tolstoy, 1919</li> <li>Reminiscences of Tolstoy, Chekhov, and Andreyev, 1920–1928</li> <li>Fragments from My Diary (Заметки из дневника), 1924</li> <li>V.I. Lenin (В.И. Ленин), reminiscence, 1924–1931</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_I.V._Stalin_White_Sea_%E2%80%93_Baltic_Sea_Canal" title="The I.V. Stalin White Sea – Baltic Sea Canal">The I.V. Stalin White Sea – Baltic Sea Canal</a>, 1934 (editor-in-chief)</li> <li>Literary Portraits [c.1935].<a href="#cite_note-80">[75]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Essays">Essays</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Essays" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>O karamazovshchine (О карамазовщине, On <a href="/wiki/The_Brothers_Karamazov" title="The Brothers Karamazov">Karamazovism</a>/On Karamazovshchina), 1915, not translated</li> <li>Untimely Thoughts. Notes on Revolution and Culture (Несвоевременные мысли. Заметки о революции и культуре), 1918</li> <li>On the Russian Peasantry (О русском крестьянстве), 1922</li> <li>How I learnt to write<a href="#cite_note-Gorky_Orfenov_1945_pp._2%E2%80%937-81">[76]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poems">Poems</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Poems" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Song_of_the_Stormy_Petrel" title="The Song of the Stormy Petrel">The Song of the Stormy Petrel</a>" (Песня о Буревестнике), 1901</li> <li>"Song of a Falcon" (Песня о Соколе), 1902. Also referred to as a short story</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autobiography">Autobiography</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Autobiography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/My_Childhood_(Gorky_book)" class="mw-redirect" title="My Childhood (Gorky book)">My Childhood</a> (Детство), Part I, 1913–1914</li> <li>In the World (В людях), Part II, 1916</li> <li>My Universities (Мои университеты), Part III, 1923</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collections">Collections</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Collections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>Sketches and Stories, three volumes, 1898–1899</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creatures_That_Once_Were_Men" title="Creatures That Once Were Men">Creatures That Once Were Men</a>, stories in English translation (1905). This contained an introduction by <a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">G. K. Chesterton</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[77]</a> The Russian title, Бывшие люди (literally "<a href="/wiki/Former_people" title="Former people">Former people</a>") gained popularity as an expression in reference to people who severely dropped in their social status</li> <li>Tales of Italy (Сказки об Италии), 1911–1913</li> <li>Through Russia (По Руси), 1923</li> <li>Stories 1922–1924 (Рассказы 1922–1924 годов), 1925</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Commemoration">Commemoration</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Commemoration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8E_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8E_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83.JPG/220px-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8E_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8E_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83.JPG/220px-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8E_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8E_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83.JPG/330px-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8E_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8E_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83.JPG/440px-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8E_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Gorky memorial plaque on Glinka street in <a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>In almost every large settlement of the states of the former USSR, there was<a href="#cite_note-83">[78]</a> or is Gorky Street. In 2013, 2110 streets, avenues and lanes in Russia were named "Gorky", and another 395 were named "Maxim Gorky".<a href="#cite_note-84">[79]</a></li> <li>Gorky was the name of <a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a> from 1932 to 1990.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorkovsky_suburban_railway_line,_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorkovsky suburban railway line, Moscow">Gorkovsky suburban railway line, Moscow</a></li> <li>Gorkovskoye village of <a href="/wiki/Novoorsky_District" title="Novoorsky District">Novoorsky District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Orenburg_Oblast" title="Orenburg Oblast">Orenburg Oblast</a></li> <li>Gorky village in the <a href="/wiki/Leningrad_oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Leningrad oblast">Leningrad oblast</a></li> <li>Gorkovsky village (<a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a>) (formerly Voroponovo)</li> <li>Village named after Maxim Gorky, <a href="/wiki/Kameshkovsky_District" title="Kameshkovsky District">Kameshkovsky District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Oblast" title="Vladimir Oblast">Vladimir Oblast</a></li> <li>Gorkovskoye village is the district center of <a href="/wiki/Omsk_Oblast" title="Omsk Oblast">Omsk Oblast</a> (formerly <a href="/wiki/Ikonnikovo" title="Ikonnikovo">Ikonnikovo</a>)</li> <li>Maxim Gorky village, <a href="/wiki/Znamensky_District,_Omsk_Oblast" title="Znamensky District, Omsk Oblast">Znamensky District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Omsk_Oblast" title="Omsk Oblast">Omsk Oblast</a></li> <li>Village named after Maxim Gorky, <a href="/wiki/Krutinsky_District" title="Krutinsky District">Krutinsky District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Omsk_Oblast" title="Omsk Oblast">Omsk Oblast</a></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a> the Central District Children's Library, the Academic Drama Theater, a street, as well as a square are named after Maxim Gorky. And the most important attraction there is the museum-apartment of Maxim Gorky</li> <li>Drama theaters in the following cities are named after Maxim Gorky: Moscow (<a href="/wiki/Moscow_Art_Theatre" title="Moscow Art Theatre">MAT</a>, 1932), <a href="/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostok</a> (Primorsky Gorky Drama Theater – PGDT), Berlin (<a href="/wiki/Maxim_Gorki_Theater" title="Maxim Gorki Theater">Maxim Gorki Theater</a>), <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a> (<a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_State_Theatre_of_Young_Spectators" title="Azerbaijan State Theatre of Young Spectators">ASTYZ</a>), <a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a> (Russian Drama Theater named after M. Gorky), <a href="/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tula_Academic_Theatre" title="Tula Academic Theatre">Tula Academic Theatre</a>), <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a> (Theater named after M. Gorky), <a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a> (Rostov Drama Theater named after M. Gorky), <a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a> (Samara Drama Theater named after M. Gorky), <a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a> (Orenburg Regional Drama Theater), <a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a> (Volgograd Regional Drama Theater), <a href="/wiki/Magadan" title="Magadan">Magadan</a> (Magadan Regional Music and Drama Theater), <a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a> (KARDT), Kustanay, <a href="/wiki/Kudymkar" title="Kudymkar">Kudymkar</a> (Komi- Perm National Drama Theater), Young Spectator Theater in <a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv</a>, as well as in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> from 1932 to 1992 (DB). Also, the name was given to the Interregional Russian Drama Theater of the <a href="/wiki/Fergana_Valley" title="Fergana Valley">Fergana Valley</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tashkent" title="Tashkent">Tashkent</a> State Academic Theater, the Tula Regional Drama Theater, and the <a href="/wiki/Nur-Sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur-Sultan">Nur-Sultan</a> Regional Drama Theater.</li> <li>Palaces of Culture named after Maxim Gorky were built in <a href="/wiki/Nevinnomyssk" title="Nevinnomyssk">Nevinnomyssk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rovenky" title="Rovenky">Rovenky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk" title="Novosibirsk">Novosibirsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></li> <li>Universities: <a href="/wiki/Maxim_Gorky_Literature_Institute" title="Maxim Gorky Literature Institute">Maxim Gorky Literature Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ural_State_University" title="Ural State University">Ural State University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_National_Medical_University" title="Donetsk National Medical University">Donetsk National Medical University</a>, Minsk State Pedagogical Institute, Omsk State Pedagogical University, until 1993 <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_State_University" title="Turkmen State University">Turkmen State University</a> in Ashgabat was named after Maxim Gorky (now named after <a href="/wiki/Magtymguly_Pyragy" title="Magtymguly Pyragy">Magtymguly Pyragy</a>), Sukhum State University was named after Maxim Gorky, <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Kharkiv" title="National University of Kharkiv">National University of Kharkiv</a> was named after Gorky in 1936–1999, Ulyanovsk Agricultural Institute, Uman Agricultural Institute, Kazan Order of the Badge of Honor The institute was named after Maxim Gorky until it was granted the status of an academy in 1995 (now Kazan State Agrarian University), the Mari Polytechnic Institute and Perm State University named after Maxim Gorky (1934–1993)</li> <li>The following cities have parks named after Maxim Gorky: <a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taganrog" title="Taganrog">Taganrog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krasnoyarsk" title="Krasnoyarsk">Krasnoyarsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melitopol" title="Melitopol">Melitopol</a>, Moscow, <a href="/wiki/Alma-Ata" class="mw-redirect" title="Alma-Ata">Alma-Ata</a></li> <li>School in Belgrade, Serbia named "Maksim Gorki".</li></ul> In <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a> Gorky Park was renamed <a href="/wiki/Central_Park_(Kharkiv)" title="Central Park (Kharkiv)">Central Park of Culture and Recreation</a> in June 2023.<a href="#cite_note-85">[80]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a> in June 2023 a Historical and Toponymic Commission proposed renaming its Gorky Park to Park of Children's Dreams, a final decision on this is made by voting of the <a href="/wiki/Odesa_City_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Odesa City Council">Odesa City Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monuments">Monuments</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Monuments" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Monuments of Maxim Gorky are installed in many cities. Among them: <ul><li>In Russia – Borisoglebsk, Arzamas, Volgograd, Voronezh, Vyborg, Dobrinka, Izhevsk, Krasnoyarsk, Moscow, Nevinnomyssk, Nizhny Novgorod, Orenburg, Penza, Pechora, Rostov-on-Don, Rubtsovsk, Rylsk, Ryazan, St. Petersburg, Sarov, Sochi, Taganrog, Khabarovsk, Chelyabinsk, Ufa, Yartsevo.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> – Dobrush, Minsk. Mogilev, Gorky Park, bust.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> – <a href="/wiki/Donetsk" title="Donetsk">Donetsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kryvyi_Rih" title="Kryvyi Rih">Kryvyi Rih</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melitopol" title="Melitopol">Melitopol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yalta" title="Yalta">Yalta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yasynuvata" title="Yasynuvata">Yasynuvata</a></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> – Baku</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> – Alma-Ata, Zyryanovsk, Kostanay</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> – Tbilisi</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> – Chișinău, Leovo</li> <li>In Italy – Sorrento</li> <li>In India – Gorky Sadan,<a href="#cite_note-87">[82]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li></ul> On 6 December 2022 the City Council of the Ukrainian city <a href="/wiki/Dnipro" title="Dnipro">Dnipro</a> decided to remove from the city all monuments to figures of <a href="/wiki/Russian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian culture">Russian culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia" title="History of Russia">history</a>, in particular it was mentioned that the monuments to Gorky, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pushkin" title="Alexander Pushkin">Alexander Pushkin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lomonosov" title="Mikhail Lomonosov">Mikhail Lomonosov</a> would be removed from the public space of the city.<a href="#cite_note-88">[83]</a> The monument of Gorky that been erected in 1977 was dismantled on 26 December 2022.<a href="#cite_note-89">[84]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Monuments of Gorky</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Gorky_Mukhina(6).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Monument at Gorky Institute of World Literature"><noscript><img alt="Monument at Gorky Institute of World Literature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Gorky_Mukhina%286%29.jpg/180px-Gorky_Mukhina%286%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="113" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3987" data-file-height="2496"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 113px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Gorky_Mukhina%286%29.jpg/180px-Gorky_Mukhina%286%29.jpg" data-alt="Monument at Gorky Institute of World Literature" data-width="180" data-height="113" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Gorky_Mukhina%286%29.jpg/270px-Gorky_Mukhina%286%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Gorky_Mukhina%286%29.jpg/360px-Gorky_Mukhina%286%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Monument at <a href="/wiki/Gorky_Institute_of_World_Literature" title="Gorky Institute of World Literature">Gorky Institute of World Literature</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Panitnik_Maximy_Gorkomy_in_Luhansk.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Monument in Luhansk"><noscript><img alt="Monument in Luhansk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Panitnik_Maximy_Gorkomy_in_Luhansk.jpg/135px-Panitnik_Maximy_Gorkomy_in_Luhansk.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 135px;height: 180px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Panitnik_Maximy_Gorkomy_in_Luhansk.jpg/135px-Panitnik_Maximy_Gorkomy_in_Luhansk.jpg" data-alt="Monument in Luhansk" data-width="135" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Panitnik_Maximy_Gorkomy_in_Luhansk.jpg/202px-Panitnik_Maximy_Gorkomy_in_Luhansk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Panitnik_Maximy_Gorkomy_in_Luhansk.jpg/270px-Panitnik_Maximy_Gorkomy_in_Luhansk.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Monument in <a href="/wiki/Luhansk" title="Luhansk">Luhansk</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2%D0%B5_(2015).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Monument in Chișinău"><noscript><img alt="Monument in Chișinău" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2%D0%B5_%282015%29.jpg/120px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2%D0%B5_%282015%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="627" data-file-height="940"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 180px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2%D0%B5_%282015%29.jpg/120px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2%D0%B5_%282015%29.jpg" data-alt="Monument in Chișinău" data-width="120" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2%D0%B5_%282015%29.jpg/180px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2%D0%B5_%282015%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2%D0%B5_%282015%29.jpg/240px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2%D0%B5_%282015%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Monument in <a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Now dismantled monument in Dnipro as it was in 2021"><noscript><img alt="Now dismantled monument in Dnipro as it was in 2021" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5.jpg/180px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4158" data-file-height="2772"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5.jpg/180px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5.jpg" data-alt="Now dismantled monument in Dnipro as it was in 2021" data-width="180" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5.jpg/270px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5.jpg/360px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Now dismantled monument in <a href="/wiki/Dnipro" title="Dnipro">Dnipro</a> as it was in 2021</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philately">Philately</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Philately" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Maxim Gorky is depicted on postage stamps: <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> (1986),<a href="#cite_note-90">[85]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> (1968)<a href="#cite_note-91">[86]</a> India (1968),<a href="#cite_note-92">[87]</a> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a> (2018),<a href="#cite_note-93">[88]</a> and many more. Some of them can be found below. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerycaption">Maxim Gorky <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamp" title="Postage stamp">postage stamps</a></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamp_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Postage stamp USSR, 1932"><noscript><img alt="Postage stamp USSR, 1932" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Stamp_08.jpg/180px-Stamp_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="127" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="212"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 127px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Stamp_08.jpg/180px-Stamp_08.jpg" data-alt="Postage stamp USSR, 1932" data-width="180" data-height="127" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Stamp_08.jpg/270px-Stamp_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Stamp_08.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Postage stamp USSR, 1932</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Rus_Stamp-Gorky-1932.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Postage stamp USSR, 1932"><noscript><img alt="Postage stamp USSR, 1932" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Rus_Stamp-Gorky-1932.jpg/131px-Rus_Stamp-Gorky-1932.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="445"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 131px;height: 180px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Rus_Stamp-Gorky-1932.jpg/131px-Rus_Stamp-Gorky-1932.jpg" data-alt="Postage stamp USSR, 1932" data-width="131" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Rus_Stamp-Gorky-1932.jpg/197px-Rus_Stamp-Gorky-1932.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Rus_Stamp-Gorky-1932.jpg/263px-Rus_Stamp-Gorky-1932.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Postage stamp USSR, 1932</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamp_of_USSR_0858.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Postage stamp, the USSR, 1943"><noscript><img alt="Postage stamp, the USSR, 1943" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Stamp_of_USSR_0858.jpg/180px-Stamp_of_USSR_0858.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="127" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1797" data-file-height="1263"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 127px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Stamp_of_USSR_0858.jpg/180px-Stamp_of_USSR_0858.jpg" data-alt="Postage stamp, the USSR, 1943" data-width="180" data-height="127" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Stamp_of_USSR_0858.jpg/270px-Stamp_of_USSR_0858.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Stamp_of_USSR_0858.jpg/360px-Stamp_of_USSR_0858.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Postage stamp, the USSR, 1943</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamp_of_USSR_0859.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Postage stamp, the USSR, 1943"><noscript><img alt="Postage stamp, the USSR, 1943" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Stamp_of_USSR_0859.jpg/180px-Stamp_of_USSR_0859.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="126" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1810" data-file-height="1263"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 126px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Stamp_of_USSR_0859.jpg/180px-Stamp_of_USSR_0859.jpg" data-alt="Postage stamp, the USSR, 1943" data-width="180" data-height="126" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Stamp_of_USSR_0859.jpg/270px-Stamp_of_USSR_0859.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Stamp_of_USSR_0859.jpg/360px-Stamp_of_USSR_0859.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Postage stamp, the USSR, 1943</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:MaksimGorky2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title='Postage stamp, the USSR, "10 years since the death of M. Gorky" (1946, 30 kopeeks)'><noscript><img alt='Postage stamp, the USSR, "10 years since the death of M. Gorky" (1946, 30 kopeeks)' src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/MaksimGorky2.jpg/180px-MaksimGorky2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1812" data-file-height="1248"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/MaksimGorky2.jpg/180px-MaksimGorky2.jpg" data-alt='Postage stamp, the USSR, "10 years since the death of M. Gorky" (1946, 30 kopeeks)' data-width="180" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/MaksimGorky2.jpg/270px-MaksimGorky2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/MaksimGorky2.jpg/360px-MaksimGorky2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Postage stamp, the USSR, "10 years since the death of M. Gorky" (1946, 30 kopeeks)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:MaksimGorky.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title='Postage stamp, the USSR, "10 years since the death of M. Gorky" (1946, 60 kopeeks)'><noscript><img alt='Postage stamp, the USSR, "10 years since the death of M. Gorky" (1946, 60 kopeeks)' src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/MaksimGorky.jpg/180px-MaksimGorky.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="125" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1252"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 125px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/MaksimGorky.jpg/180px-MaksimGorky.jpg" data-alt='Postage stamp, the USSR, "10 years since the death of M. Gorky" (1946, 60 kopeeks)' data-width="180" data-height="125" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/MaksimGorky.jpg/270px-MaksimGorky.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/MaksimGorky.jpg/360px-MaksimGorky.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Postage stamp, the USSR, "10 years since the death of M. Gorky" (1946, 60 kopeeks)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:DDR_1953_Maxim_Gorky.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Postage stamp, GDR, 1953"><noscript><img alt="Postage stamp, GDR, 1953" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/DDR_1953_Maxim_Gorky.jpg/152px-DDR_1953_Maxim_Gorky.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="417" data-file-height="492"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 152px;height: 180px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/DDR_1953_Maxim_Gorky.jpg/152px-DDR_1953_Maxim_Gorky.jpg" data-alt="Postage stamp, GDR, 1953" data-width="152" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/DDR_1953_Maxim_Gorky.jpg/229px-DDR_1953_Maxim_Gorky.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/DDR_1953_Maxim_Gorky.jpg/305px-DDR_1953_Maxim_Gorky.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Postage stamp, <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">GDR</a>, 1953 </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Soviet_Union_1956_CPA_1969_stamp_(Maxim_Gorky_(after_Vasily_Yefanov)_and_Scene_from_The_Mother).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Postage stamp, the USSR, 1956"><noscript><img alt="Postage stamp, the USSR, 1956" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/The_Soviet_Union_1956_CPA_1969_stamp_%28Maxim_Gorky_%28after_Vasily_Yefanov%29_and_Scene_from_The_Mother%29.jpg/180px-The_Soviet_Union_1956_CPA_1969_stamp_%28Maxim_Gorky_%28after_Vasily_Yefanov%29_and_Scene_from_The_Mother%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="127" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2040" data-file-height="1444"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 127px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/The_Soviet_Union_1956_CPA_1969_stamp_%28Maxim_Gorky_%28after_Vasily_Yefanov%29_and_Scene_from_The_Mother%29.jpg/180px-The_Soviet_Union_1956_CPA_1969_stamp_%28Maxim_Gorky_%28after_Vasily_Yefanov%29_and_Scene_from_The_Mother%29.jpg" data-alt="Postage stamp, the USSR, 1956" data-width="180" data-height="127" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/The_Soviet_Union_1956_CPA_1969_stamp_%28Maxim_Gorky_%28after_Vasily_Yefanov%29_and_Scene_from_The_Mother%29.jpg/270px-The_Soviet_Union_1956_CPA_1969_stamp_%28Maxim_Gorky_%28after_Vasily_Yefanov%29_and_Scene_from_The_Mother%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/The_Soviet_Union_1956_CPA_1969_stamp_%28Maxim_Gorky_%28after_Vasily_Yefanov%29_and_Scene_from_The_Mother%29.jpg/360px-The_Soviet_Union_1956_CPA_1969_stamp_%28Maxim_Gorky_%28after_Vasily_Yefanov%29_and_Scene_from_The_Mother%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Postage stamp, the USSR, 1956</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:1958_CPA_2136.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Postage stamp, the USSR, 1958"><noscript><img alt="Postage stamp, the USSR, 1958" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/1958_CPA_2136.jpg/127px-1958_CPA_2136.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1240" data-file-height="1756"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 127px;height: 180px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/1958_CPA_2136.jpg/127px-1958_CPA_2136.jpg" data-alt="Postage stamp, the USSR, 1958" data-width="127" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/1958_CPA_2136.jpg/191px-1958_CPA_2136.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/1958_CPA_2136.jpg/254px-1958_CPA_2136.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Postage stamp, the USSR, 1958 </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:1959_CPA_2323.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Postage stamp, the USSR, 1959"><noscript><img alt="Postage stamp, the USSR, 1959" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/1959_CPA_2323.jpg/132px-1959_CPA_2323.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1765"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 132px;height: 180px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/1959_CPA_2323.jpg/132px-1959_CPA_2323.jpg" data-alt="Postage stamp, the USSR, 1959" data-width="132" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/1959_CPA_2323.jpg/199px-1959_CPA_2323.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/1959_CPA_2323.jpg/265px-1959_CPA_2323.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Postage stamp, the USSR, 1959</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Soviet_Union_1968_CPA_3615_stamp_(Maxim_Gorky_(after_Valentin_Serov,_1905)).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Postage stamp, the USSR, 1968"><noscript><img alt="Postage stamp, the USSR, 1968" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/The_Soviet_Union_1968_CPA_3615_stamp_%28Maxim_Gorky_%28after_Valentin_Serov%2C_1905%29%29.jpg/130px-The_Soviet_Union_1968_CPA_3615_stamp_%28Maxim_Gorky_%28after_Valentin_Serov%2C_1905%29%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="731" data-file-height="1012"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 130px;height: 180px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/The_Soviet_Union_1968_CPA_3615_stamp_%28Maxim_Gorky_%28after_Valentin_Serov%2C_1905%29%29.jpg/130px-The_Soviet_Union_1968_CPA_3615_stamp_%28Maxim_Gorky_%28after_Valentin_Serov%2C_1905%29%29.jpg" data-alt="Postage stamp, the USSR, 1968" data-width="130" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/The_Soviet_Union_1968_CPA_3615_stamp_%28Maxim_Gorky_%28after_Valentin_Serov%2C_1905%29%29.jpg/195px-The_Soviet_Union_1968_CPA_3615_stamp_%28Maxim_Gorky_%28after_Valentin_Serov%2C_1905%29%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/The_Soviet_Union_1968_CPA_3615_stamp_%28Maxim_Gorky_%28after_Valentin_Serov%2C_1905%29%29.jpg/260px-The_Soviet_Union_1968_CPA_3615_stamp_%28Maxim_Gorky_%28after_Valentin_Serov%2C_1905%29%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Postage stamp, the USSR, 1968 </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia-2000-stamp-Maxim_Gorky.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title='Postage stamp, Russia, "Rusiia. XX век. Culture" (2000, 1,30 rubles)'><noscript><img alt='Postage stamp, Russia, "Rusiia. XX век. Culture" (2000, 1,30 rubles)' src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Russia-2000-stamp-Maxim_Gorky.jpg/180px-Russia-2000-stamp-Maxim_Gorky.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="128" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="496"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 128px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Russia-2000-stamp-Maxim_Gorky.jpg/180px-Russia-2000-stamp-Maxim_Gorky.jpg" data-alt='Postage stamp, Russia, "Rusiia. XX век. Culture" (2000, 1,30 rubles)' data-width="180" data-height="128" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Russia-2000-stamp-Maxim_Gorky.jpg/270px-Russia-2000-stamp-Maxim_Gorky.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Russia-2000-stamp-Maxim_Gorky.jpg/360px-Russia-2000-stamp-Maxim_Gorky.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Postage stamp, Russia, "Rusiia. XX век. Culture" (2000, 1,30 rubles)</div> </li> </ul> In 2018, FSUE <a href="/wiki/Russian_Post" title="Russian Post">Russian Post</a> released a <a href="/wiki/Miniature_sheet" title="Miniature sheet">miniature sheet</a> dedicated to the 150th anniversary of the writer. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numismatics">Numismatics</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Numismatics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RR5110-0153R.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/RR5110-0153R.png/220px-RR5110-0153R.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="919" data-file-height="916"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 219px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/RR5110-0153R.png/220px-RR5110-0153R.png" data-width="220" data-height="219" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/RR5110-0153R.png/330px-RR5110-0153R.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/RR5110-0153R.png/440px-RR5110-0153R.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Silver commemorative coin, 2 rubles "Maxim Gorky", 2018</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>In 1988, a 1 ruble coin was issued in the USSR, dedicated to the 120th anniversary of the writer.</li> <li>In 2018, on the 150th anniversary of the writer's birthday, the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank of Russia">Bank of Russia</a> issued a commemorative silver coin with a face value of 2 rubles in the series "Outstanding Personalities of Russia".</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Depictions_and_adaptations">Depictions and adaptations</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Depictions and adaptations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul><li>In 1912, the Italian composer <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Orefice" title="Giacomo Orefice">Giacomo Orefice</a> based his opera Radda on the character of Radda in Gorky's 1892 short story <a href="/wiki/Makar_Chudra" title="Makar Chudra">Makar Chudra</a>.</li> <li>In 1932, German playwright <a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Bertolt Brecht</a> published his play <a href="/wiki/The_Mother_(Brecht_play)" title="The Mother (Brecht play)">The Mother</a>, which was based on Gorky's 1906 novel <a href="/wiki/Mother_(Gorky_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother (Gorky novel)">Mother</a>. The same novel was also adapted for an opera by <a href="/wiki/Valery_Viktorovich_Zhelobinsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Valery Viktorovich Zhelobinsky">Valery Zhelobinsky</a> in 1938.</li> <li>In 1938–1939, Gorky's three-part autobiography was released by <a href="/wiki/Soyuzdetfilm" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuzdetfilm">Soyuzdetfilm</a> as three feature films: <a href="/wiki/The_Childhood_of_Maxim_Gorky" title="The Childhood of Maxim Gorky">The Childhood of Maxim Gorky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gorky_2:_My_Apprenticeship" title="Gorky 2: My Apprenticeship">My Apprenticeship</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gorky_3:_My_Universities" title="Gorky 3: My Universities">My Universities</a>, all three directed by <a href="/wiki/Mark_Donskoy" title="Mark Donskoy">Mark Donskoy</a>.</li> <li>In 1975, Gorky's 1908 play <a href="/wiki/The_Last_Ones" title="The Last Ones">The Last Ones</a> (Последние), had its New York debut at the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Theater_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Manhattan Theater Club">Manhattan Theater Club</a>, under the alternative English title Our Father, directed by <a href="/wiki/Keith_Fowler" title="Keith Fowler">Keith Fowler</a>.</li> <li>In 1985, Gorky's 1906 play <a href="/wiki/Enemies_(play)" title="Enemies (play)">Enemies</a> was translated by Kitty Hunter-Blair and Jeremy Brooks and directed in London by Ann Pennington in association with the <a href="/wiki/Internationalist_Theatre" title="Internationalist Theatre">Internationalist Theatre</a> at the tail end of the <a href="/wiki/UK_miners%27_strike_(1984%E2%80%9385)" class="mw-redirect" title="UK miners' strike (1984–85)">British miners' strike of 1984–1985</a>. Gorky's "pseudo-populism" is done away with in this production by the actors speaking "without distinctive accents and consequently without populist sentiment".<a href="#cite_note-94">[89]</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FK_Sloboda_Tuzla" title="FK Sloboda Tuzla">FK Sloboda Tuzla</a> football club from Bosnia and Herzegovina, originally called <a href="/wiki/FK_Sloboda_Tuzla#Foundation_and_FK_Gorki" title="FK Sloboda Tuzla">FK Gorki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorky_Park_(Moscow)" title="Gorky Park (Moscow)">Gorky Park</a> in Moscow and <a href="/wiki/Central_Park_(Kharkiv)" title="Central Park (Kharkiv)">Central Park</a> (former Park of Maxim Gorky) in Kharkiv, Ukraine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Gorky_Literature_Institute" title="Maxim Gorky Literature Institute">Maxim Gorky Literature Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Culture_named_after_Maxim_Gorky,_Novosibirsk" title="Palace of Culture named after Maxim Gorky, Novosibirsk">Palace of Culture named after Maxim Gorky, Novosibirsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_cruiser_Maxim_Gorky" title="Soviet cruiser Maxim Gorky">Soviet cruiser Maxim Gorky</a>, a Project 26bis (or <a href="/wiki/Kirov-class_cruiser" title="Kirov-class cruiser">Kirov-class</a>) light cruiser, which served from 1940 to 1956 and was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Red_Banner" title="Order of the Red Banner">Order of the Red Banner</a> in 1944</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-20" title="Tupolev ANT-20">Tupolev ANT-20</a> aircraft, nicknamed "Maxim Gorky"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Znanie_(publishing_company)" title="Znanie (publishing company)">Znanie Publishers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lives_of_Remarkable_People" title="The Lives of Remarkable People">The Lives of Remarkable People</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> In this name that follows <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Eastern Slavic naming customs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a> is Maximovich and the <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">family name</a> is Peshkov. </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> His own pronunciation, according to his autobiography Detstvo (Childhood), was <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[pʲˈeʃkʌ́vˈɛ]</a>, but most Russians say <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[pʲˈéʃkˈof]</a>, which is therefore found in reference books. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nemirovich-Danchenko" title="Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko">Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko</a> had insulted Gorky with his critical assessment of Gorky's new play <a href="/wiki/Summerfolk" title="Summerfolk">Summerfolk</a>, which Nemirovich described as shapeless and formless raw material that lacked a plot. Despite <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Stanislavski" title="Konstantin Stanislavski">Stanislavski's</a> attempts to persuade him otherwise, in December 1904 Gorky refused permission for the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Art_Theatre" title="Moscow Art Theatre">MAT</a> to produce his <a href="/wiki/Enemies_(play)" title="Enemies (play)">Enemies</a> and declined "any kind of connection with the Art Theatre."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenedetti1999149%E2%80%93150-17">[15]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> William Stancil's English translation, titled Our Father, was premiered by the <a href="/wiki/Keith_Fowler" title="Keith Fowler">Virginia Museum Theater</a> in 1975, under the direction of <a href="/wiki/Keith_Fowler" title="Keith Fowler">Keith Fowler</a>. Its New York debut was at the Manhattan Theater Club. </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> The manuscript of this work, which Gorky wrote using information supplied by his friend <a href="/wiki/Chaliapin" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaliapin">Chaliapin</a>, was translated, together with supplementary correspondence of Gorky with Chaliapin and others.<a href="#cite_note-78">[74]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-kirjasto-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kirjasto_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kirjasto_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kirjasto_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kirjasto_3-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kirjasto_3-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kirjasto_3-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kirjasto_3-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiukkonen" class="citation web cs1">Liukkonen, Petri. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090706084924/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/gorki.htm">"Maxim Gorky"</a>. Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi). Finland: <a href="/wiki/Kuusankoski" title="Kuusankoski">Kuusankoski</a> Public Library. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/gorki.htm">the original</a> on 6 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Books+and+Writers+%28kirjasto.sci.fi%29&rft.atitle=Maxim+Gorky&rft.aulast=Liukkonen&rft.aufirst=Petri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirjasto.sci.fi%2Fgorki.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180628185304/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=3557">"Nomination Database"</a>. The Nobel Prize. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=3557">the original</a> on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Nobel+Prize&rft.atitle=Nomination+Database&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnomination%2Farchive%2Fshow_people.php%3Fid%3D3557&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mother-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mother_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mother_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"Мать". Рассказы. Очерк. 1906—1910. Полное собрание сочинений. Художественные произведения в 25 томах (in Russian). Vol. Том 8. Moscow: <a href="/wiki/Nauka_(publisher)" title="Nauka (publisher)">Nauka</a>. 1970.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%22.+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B.+%D0%9E%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA.+1906%E2%80%941910&rft.place=Moscow&rft.series=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9.+%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B2+25+%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85&rft.pub=Nauka&rft.date=1970&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeborn1982[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidKGhGf-erYM8Cqsamgin_178]-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeborn1982%5BhttpsbooksgooglecombooksidKGhGf-erYM8Cqsamgin_178%5D_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFreeborn1982">Freeborn 1982</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KGhGf-erYM8C&q=samgin">178</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEgorova,_L._P.Fokin,_A._A.Ivanova,_I._N.2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Egorova, L. P.; Fokin, A. A.; Ivanova, I. N.; et al. (2014). L. P. Egorova (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bmu.vrn.muzkult.ru/media/2019/09/20/1262851599/istoriya_russkoj_literatury_1_compressed.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjHydDshfaFAxU-zDgGHRRvBWIQFnoECBAQAQ&usg=AOvVaw1M05hVsWglfhIs8TQUaBnn">История русской литературы XX века (первая половина): в 2 кн. Кн. 1: Общие вопросы</a> [History of Russian Literature of the 20th Century. The first half: In 2 books. Book 1: General questions] (PDF) (Textbook) (in Russian) (2nd ed.). Moscow: Flinta. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-9765-1834-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-9765-1834-6"><bdi>978-5-9765-1834-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B+XX+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0+%28%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%29%3A+%D0%B2+2+%D0%BA%D0%BD.+%D0%9A%D0%BD.+1%3A+%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B&rft.place=Moscow&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Flinta&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-5-9765-1834-6&rft.au=Egorova%2C+L.+P.&rft.au=Fokin%2C+A.+A.&rft.au=Ivanova%2C+I.+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbmu.vrn.muzkult.ru%2Fmedia%2F2019%2F09%2F20%2F1262851599%2Fistoriya_russkoj_literatury_1_compressed.pdf%26ved%3D2ahUKEwjHydDshfaFAxU-zDgGHRRvBWIQFnoECBAQAQ%26usg%3DAOvVaw1M05hVsWglfhIs8TQUaBnn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirsky1925" class="citation book cs1">Mirsky, D. S. (1925). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211001133853/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015000668403&view=1up&seq=138">Contemporary Russian Literature, 1881–1925</a>. p. 120. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015000668403&view=1up&seq=138">the original</a> on 1 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Russian+Literature%2C+1881%E2%80%931925&rft.pages=120&rft.date=1925&rft.aulast=Mirsky&rft.aufirst=D.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dmdp.39015000668403%26view%3D1up%26seq%3D138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-imli-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-imli_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-imli_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-imli_9-2">c</a> Время Горького и проблемы истории: Горький. Материалы и исследования ". Выпуск 14. 2018, <a href="/wiki/Gorky_Institute_of_World_Literature" title="Gorky Institute of World Literature">ИМЛИ РАН</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDege2018" class="citation news cs1">Dege, Stefan (28 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/russian-writer-maxim-gorky-still-courting-controversy-on-his-150th-birthday/a-43157389">"A portrait of Russian writer Maxim Gorky"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>. Retrieved 25 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=A+portrait+of+Russian+writer+Maxim+Gorky&rft.date=2018-03-28&rft.aulast=Dege&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Frussian-writer-maxim-gorky-still-courting-controversy-on-his-150th-birthday%2Fa-43157389&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-librarything-11"><a href="#cite_ref-librarything_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091129212542/http://www.librarything.com/author/gorkymaxim">"Maxim Gorky"</a>. <a href="/wiki/LibraryThing" title="LibraryThing">LibraryThing</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.librarything.com/author/gorkymaxim">the original</a> on 29 November 2009. Retrieved 21 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LibraryThing&rft.atitle=Maxim+Gorky&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.librarything.com%2Fauthor%2Fgorkymaxim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-comment-12"><a href="#cite_ref-comment_12-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gorkiy-lit.ru/gorkiy/proza/rasskaz/makar-chudra.htm">Commentaries to Макар Чудра</a>. The Works by M.Gorky in 30 volumes. Vol.1. <a href="/wiki/Khudozhestvennaya_Literatura" title="Khudozhestvennaya Literatura">Khudozhestvennaya Literatura</a> // На базе Собрания сочинений в 30-ти томах. ГИХЛ, 1949–1956. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> Commentaries to Makar Chudra // Горький М. Макар Чудра и другие рассказы. – М: Детская литература, 1970. – С. 195–196. – 207 с. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Isabella M. Nefedova. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://az.lib.ru/g/gorxkij_m/text_0140.shtml">Maxim Gorky. The Biography</a> // И.М.Нефедова. Максим Горький. Биография писателя Л.: Просвещение, 1971. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerz1920" class="citation book cs1">Herz, Joseph H., ed. (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ia903101.us.archive.org/26/items/abookofjewishtho57218gut/57218-h/57218-h.htm#p138">A Book of Jewish Thoughts</a>. Humphrey Milford, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 138.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Book+of+Jewish+Thoughts&rft.pages=138&rft.pub=Humphrey+Milford%2C+Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1920&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fia903101.us.archive.org%2F26%2Fitems%2Fabookofjewishtho57218gut%2F57218-h%2F57218-h.htm%23p138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> Handbook of Russian Literature, Victor Terras, Yale University Press, 1990. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenedetti1999149–150-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenedetti1999149%E2%80%93150_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBenedetti1999">Benedetti 1999</a>, pp. 149–150. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenedetti1999150-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenedetti1999150_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenedetti1999150_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenedetti1999150_19-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenedetti1999150_19-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFBenedetti1999">Benedetti 1999</a>, p. 150. </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiggart1989" class="citation cs2">Biggart, John (1989), Alexander Bogdanov, Left-Bolshevism and the Proletkult 1904–1932, University of East Anglia</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alexander+Bogdanov%2C+Left-Bolshevism+and+the+Proletkult+1904%E2%80%931932&rft.pub=University+of+East+Anglia&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Biggart&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Figes, p. 181 </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_22-1">b</a> Figes, pp. 200–202 </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> Sorel, New York Times 5 March 2021 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoynahan1992117-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoynahan1992117_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoynahan1992">Moynahan 1992</a>, p. 117. </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvgeniĭ_Aleksandrovich_Dobrenko2007" class="citation book cs1">Evgeniĭ Aleksandrovich Dobrenko (2007). Political Economy of Socialist Realism. Yale University Press. p. 76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12280-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12280-0"><bdi>978-0-300-12280-0</bdi></a>. <q>Gorky hated religion with all the passion of a former God-builder. Probably no other Russian writer (unless one considers Dem'ian Bednyi a writer) expressed so many angry words about God, religion, and the church. But Gorky's atheism always fed on that same hatred of nature. He wrote about God and about nature in the very same terms.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Economy+of+Socialist+Realism&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-300-12280-0&rft.au=Evgeni%C4%AD+Aleksandrovich+Dobrenko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTova_Yedlin1999" class="citation book cs1">Tova Yedlin (1999). Maxim Gorky: A Political Biography. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-96605-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-96605-8"><bdi>978-0-275-96605-8</bdi></a>. <q>Gorky had long rejected all organized religions. Yet he was not a materialist, and thus he could not be satisfied with Marx's ideas on religion. When asked to express his views about religion in a questionnaire sent by the French journal Mercure de France on April 15, 1907, Gorky replied that he was opposed to the existing religions of Moses, Christ, and Mohammed. He defined religious feeling as an awareness of a harmonious link that joins man to the universe and as an aspiration for synthesis, inherent in every individual.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maxim+Gorky%3A+A+Political+Biography&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-275-96605-8&rft.au=Tova+Yedlin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimes1914" class="citation news cs1">Times, Marconi Transatlantic Wireless Telegraph To the New York (19 January 1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1914/01/19/archives/gorky-back-in-russia-amnesty-permits-his-return-is-still-in-ill.html">"GORKY BACK IN RUSSIA.; Amnesty Permits His Return – Is Still In Ill Health. (Published 1914)"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved 16 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=GORKY+BACK+IN+RUSSIA.%3B+Amnesty+Permits+His+Return+%E2%80%93+Is+Still+In+Ill+Health.+%28Published+1914%29&rft.date=1914-01-19&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Times&rft.aufirst=Marconi+Transatlantic+Wireless+Telegraph+To+the+New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1914%2F01%2F19%2Farchives%2Fgorky-back-in-russia-amnesty-permits-his-return-is-still-in-ill.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-yedlin-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yedlin_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-yedlin_28-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-yedlin_28-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYedlin1999" class="citation book cs1">Yedlin, Tovah (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/MaximGorkyAPoliticalBiography/">Maxim Gorky: A Political Biography</a>. <a href="/wiki/Westport,_Connecticut" title="Westport, Connecticut">Westport, Connecticut</a>, United States: Praeger Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-96605-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-96605-4"><bdi>0-275-96605-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maxim+Gorky%3A+A+Political+Biography&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut%2C+United+States&rft.pub=Praeger+Publishers&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-275-96605-4&rft.aulast=Yedlin&rft.aufirst=Tovah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FMaximGorkyAPoliticalBiography%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FOtOEAAAQBAJ">Revolution at the Gates: Selected Writings of Lenin from 1917</a>. Verso Books. August 2011. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84467-714-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84467-714-6"><bdi>978-1-84467-714-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revolution+at+the+Gates%3A+Selected+Writings+of+Lenin+from+1917&rft.pub=Verso+Books&rft.date=2011-08&rft.isbn=978-1-84467-714-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFOtOEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoynahan199291_&_95-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoynahan199291_&_95_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoynahan1992">Moynahan 1992</a>, p. 91 & 95. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoynahan199291-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoynahan199291_31-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoynahan1992">Moynahan 1992</a>, p. 91. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoynahan199295-32"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoynahan199295_32-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoynahan1992">Moynahan 1992</a>, p. 95. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoynahan1992246-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoynahan1992246_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoynahan1992">Moynahan 1992</a>, p. 246. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoynahan1992201-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoynahan1992201_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoynahan1992">Moynahan 1992</a>, p. 201. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoynahan1992202-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoynahan1992202_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoynahan1992202_35-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoynahan1992">Moynahan 1992</a>, p. 202. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoynahan1992318-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoynahan1992318_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoynahan1992">Moynahan 1992</a>, p. 318. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoynahan1992330-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoynahan1992330_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoynahan1992330_37-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoynahan1992330_37-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoynahan1992330_37-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoynahan1992">Moynahan 1992</a>, p. 330. </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Maxim Gorky, Untimely Thoughts: Essays on Revolution, Culture and the Bolsheviks, 1917–1918, ed. Mark D. Steinberg, trans. Herman Ermolaev, rev. ed. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1995). </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> Harrison E. Salisbury, Black Night, White Snow, New York, 1978, p. 540. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Brendan McGeever. Antisemitism and the Russian Revolution. — Cambridge University Press, 2019. — p.p. 247. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMandelstam1971" class="citation book cs1">Mandelstam, Nadezhda (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hopeagainsthopem00mand/page/110">Hope Against Hope, a Memoir</a>. London: Collins & Harvill. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hopeagainsthopem00mand/page/110">110</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-00-262501-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-00-262501-6"><bdi>0-00-262501-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hope+Against+Hope%2C+a+Memoir&rft.place=London&rft.pages=110&rft.pub=Collins+%26+Harvill&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0-00-262501-6&rft.aulast=Mandelstam&rft.aufirst=Nadezhda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhopeagainsthopem00mand%2Fpage%2F110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCourtoisWerthPannéPaczkowski1999" class="citation book cs1">Courtois, Stéphane; Werth, Nicolas; Panné, Jean-Louis; Paczkowski, Andrzej; Bartošek, Karel; Margolin, Jean-Louis (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/TheBlackBookofCommunism10/the-black-book-of-communism-jean-louis-margolin-1999-communism#page/n71/">The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression</a>. Harvard University Press. p. 123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674076082" title="Special:BookSources/9780674076082"><bdi>9780674076082</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Black+Book+of+Communism%3A+Crimes%2C+Terror%2C+Repression&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780674076082&rft.aulast=Courtois&rft.aufirst=St%C3%A9phane&rft.au=Werth%2C+Nicolas&rft.au=Pann%C3%A9%2C+Jean-Louis&rft.au=Paczkowski%2C+Andrzej&rft.au=Barto%C5%A1ek%2C+Karel&rft.au=Margolin%2C+Jean-Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2FTheBlackBookofCommunism10%2Fthe-black-book-of-communism-jean-louis-margolin-1999-communism%23page%2Fn71%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcSmith201586-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcSmith201586_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcSmith2015">McSmith 2015</a>, p. 86. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcSmith201582-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcSmith201582_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcSmith2015">McSmith 2015</a>, p. 82. </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTova_Yedlin1999" class="citation book cs1">Tova Yedlin (1999). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maximgorkiy.narod.ru/PHOTOS/6/stalin.jpg">the original</a> on 7 September 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scan+of+the+page+from+%22A+Girl+And+Death%22+with+autograph+by+Stalin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maximgorkiy.narod.ru%2FPHOTOS%2F6%2Fstalin.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBasinsky" class="citation book cs1">Basinsky, Pavel. Горький: страсти по Максиму. 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Chicago, US: Open Court. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780812695151" title="Special:BookSources/9780812695151"><bdi>9780812695151</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/49421786">49421786</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=6.+The+F%C3%BChrer%27s+Eagle&rft.btitle=Men+in+Love%3A+Male+Homosexualities+from+Ganymede+to+Batman&rft.place=Chicago%2C+US&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Open+Court&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F49421786&rft.isbn=9780812695151&rft.aulast=Lingiardi&rft.aufirst=Vittorio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxBLpFqlrczwC%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteakley" class="citation book cs1">Steakley, James. Gay Men and the Sexual History of the Political Left, Volume 29. p. 170.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gay+Men+and+the+Sexual+History+of+the+Political+Left%2C+Volume+29&rft.pages=170&rft.aulast=Steakley&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGinsbergMensch2012" class="citation book cs1">Ginsberg, Terri; Mensch, Andrea (13 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GPUWPW3BRAUC&q=gorky+sarcastic&pg=PA60">A Companion to German Cinema</a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-9436-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-9436-5"><bdi>978-1-4051-9436-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+German+Cinema&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2012-02-13&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-9436-5&rft.aulast=Ginsberg&rft.aufirst=Terri&rft.au=Mensch%2C+Andrea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGPUWPW3BRAUC%26q%3Dgorky%2Bsarcastic%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q2dl-pAlVzAC">Fiction of the New Statesman, 1913-1939</a>. Lexington Books. 2011. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61149-352-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61149-352-8"><bdi>978-1-61149-352-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fiction+of+the+New+Statesman%2C+1913-1939&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-61149-352-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq2dl-pAlVzAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gla-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gla_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gla_61-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gla_61-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gla_61-3">d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://theses.gla.ac.uk/83675/5/2023allanphd%20final.pdf">https://theses.gla.ac.uk/83675/5/2023allanphd%20final.pdf</a> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs">bare URL PDF</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-cioni-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cioni_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cioni_62-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFПаола_Чони2019" class="citation book cs1">Паола Чони (2019). Горький-политик. Litres. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9785041745813" title="Special:BookSources/9785041745813"><bdi>9785041745813</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA&rft.pub=Litres&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9785041745813&rft.au=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Полное собрание сочинений. Письма в 24 томах (in Russian). Vol. Т. 15–20. Moscow: <a href="/wiki/Nauka_(publisher)" title="Nauka (publisher)">Nauka</a>. 2012–2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9.+%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%B2+24+%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pub=Nauka&rft.date=2012%2F2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190627185811/https://newleftreview.org/issues/II69/articles/andrei-platonov-on-the-first-socialist-tragedy">"Introduction to Platonov"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Left_Review" title="New Left Review">New Left Review</a>. 69. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newleftreview.org/issues/ii69/articles/andrei-platonov-on-the-first-socialist-tragedy">the original</a> on 27 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Left+Review&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+Platonov&rft.volume=69&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewleftreview.org%2Fissues%2Fii69%2Farticles%2Fandrei-platonov-on-the-first-socialist-tragedy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/1057307/Kondoyanidi_georgetown_0076D_14453.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/1057307/Kondoyanidi_georgetown_0076D_14453.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y</a> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs">bare URL</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b5KsAtIjeNQC">Diary, 1901-1969</a>. Yale University Press. October 2008. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-13797-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-13797-2"><bdi>978-0-300-13797-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diary%2C+1901-1969&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008-10&rft.isbn=978-0-300-13797-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db5KsAtIjeNQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P-y-DAAAQBAJ">Stalin and the Literary Intelligentsia, 1928-39</a>. Springer. 27 July 2016. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-21447-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-21447-1"><bdi>978-1-349-21447-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stalin+and+the+Literary+Intelligentsia%2C+1928-39&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2016-07-27&rft.isbn=978-1-349-21447-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP-y-DAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFДворниченко2006" class="citation book cs1">Дворниченко, Оксана (13 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NdWfAAAAMAAJ&q=%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5">Дмитрий Шостакович: путешествие</a>. Текст. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9785751605919" title="Special:BookSources/9785751605919"><bdi>9785751605919</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%3A+%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82&rft.date=2006-08-13&rft.isbn=9785751605919&rft.aulast=%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE&rft.aufirst=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNdWfAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%25D0%25B2%25D1%258B%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B6%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcSmith201591-69"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcSmith201591_69-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcSmith2015">McSmith 2015</a>, p. 91. </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVyshinsky1938" class="citation web cs1">Vyshinsky, Andrey (April 1938). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090305141033/http://neworleans.media.indypgh.org/uploads/2007/02/the.treason.case.18feb07.pdff4mrvk.pdf">"The Treason Case Summed Up"</a> (PDF). neworleans.indymedia.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://neworleans.media.indypgh.org/uploads/2007/02/the.treason.case.18feb07.pdff4mrvk.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 5 March 2009. Retrieved 10 February 2022. <q>From Soviet Russia Today, April 1938 Vol. 7 No. 2. Transcribed by Red Flag Magazine.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=neworleans.indymedia.org&rft.atitle=The+Treason+Case+Summed+Up&rft.date=1938-04&rft.aulast=Vyshinsky&rft.aufirst=Andrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fneworleans.media.indypgh.org%2Fuploads%2F2007%2F02%2Fthe.treason.case.18feb07.pdff4mrvk.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Felshtinsky" title="Yuri Felshtinsky">Yuri Felshtinsky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Pribylovsky" title="Vladimir Pribylovsky">Vladimir Pribylovsky</a>, The Corporation. Russia and the KGB in the Age of President Putin, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59403-246-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-59403-246-7">1-59403-246-7</a>, Encounter Books; 25 February 2009, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120225041103/http://www.encounterbooks.com/books/thecorporation/">description</a>, pages 442-443. </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrackman2004" class="citation book cs1">Brackman, Roman (23 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PY2RAgAAQBAJ&dq=Maxim+Gorky+poisoned+stalin&pg=PA217">The Secret File of Joseph Stalin: A Hidden Life</a>. Routledge. p. 217. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-75840-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-75840-0"><bdi>978-1-135-75840-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Secret+File+of+Joseph+Stalin%3A+A+Hidden+Life&rft.pages=217&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004-11-23&rft.isbn=978-1-135-75840-0&rft.aulast=Brackman&rft.aufirst=Roman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPY2RAgAAQBAJ%26dq%3DMaxim%2BGorky%2Bpoisoned%2Bstalin%26pg%3DPA217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaksberg2006" class="citation book cs1">Vaksberg, Arkadi (15 December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-IU0ukrgeFgC&dq=maxim+gorky+poisoned+candies&pg=RA1-PT253">The Murder of Maxim Gorky: A Secret Execution</a>. Enigma Books. pp. 300–429. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-936274-92-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-936274-92-5"><bdi>978-1-936274-92-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Murder+of+Maxim+Gorky%3A+A+Secret+Execution&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E300-%3C%2Fspan%3E429&rft.pub=Enigma+Books&rft.date=2006-12-15&rft.isbn=978-1-936274-92-5&rft.aulast=Vaksberg&rft.aufirst=Arkadi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-IU0ukrgeFgC%26dq%3Dmaxim%2Bgorky%2Bpoisoned%2Bcandies%26pg%3DRA1-PT253&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnight2018" class="citation book cs1">Knight, Amy (1 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t5hIDwAAQBAJ&dq=Vaksberg+Gorky+poisoned&pg=PT19">Orders to Kill: The Putin Regime and Political Murder</a>. Biteback Publishing. pp. 1–384. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78590-360-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78590-360-1"><bdi>978-1-78590-360-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orders+to+Kill%3A+The+Putin+Regime+and+Political+Murder&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E384&rft.pub=Biteback+Publishing&rft.date=2018-02-01&rft.isbn=978-1-78590-360-1&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt5hIDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DVaksberg%2BGorky%2Bpoisoned%26pg%3DPT19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ellis,_Andrew_2012,_p._22-75"><a href="#cite_ref-Ellis,_Andrew_2012,_p._22_75-0">^</a> Ellis, Andrew. Socialist Realisms: Soviet Painting 1920–1970. Skira Editore S.p.A., 2012, p. 22 </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> Orphan Paul, Boni and Gaer, New York, 1946. </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> N. Froud and J. Hanley (Eds and translators), Chaliapin: An Autobiography as told to Maxim Gorky (Stein and Day, New York 1967) Library of Congress card no. 67-25616. </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorky2001" class="citation book cs1">Gorky, Maxim (September 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5ZeJPvUp1kYC&pg=PA5">Literary Portraits</a>. The Minerva Group, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89875-580-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89875-580-0"><bdi>978-0-89875-580-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Literary+Portraits&rft.pub=The+Minerva+Group%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2001-09&rft.isbn=978-0-89875-580-0&rft.aulast=Gorky&rft.aufirst=Maxim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5ZeJPvUp1kYC%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gorky_Orfenov_1945_pp._2–7-81"><a href="#cite_ref-Gorky_Orfenov_1945_pp._2%E2%80%937_81-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorkyOrfenov1945" class="citation journal cs1">Gorky, Maxim; Orfenov, V. H. (1945). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/4203622">"How I Learnt to Write"</a>. The Slavonic and East European Review. 23 (62). Modern Humanities Research Association: 2–7. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0037-6795">0037-6795</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4203622">4203622</a>. Retrieved 7 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Slavonic+and+East+European+Review&rft.atitle=How+I+Learnt+to+Write&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=62&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2-%3C%2Fspan%3E7&rft.date=1945&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4203622%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0037-6795&rft.aulast=Gorky&rft.aufirst=Maxim&rft.au=Orfenov%2C+V.+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4203622&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorky" class="citation book cs1">Gorky, Maksim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080818122500/http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/g/gorky/maksim/g66cr/introduction.html">Creatures That Once Were Men, and other stories</a>. Translated by Shirazi, J. M. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/g/gorky/maksim/g66cr/introduction.html">the original</a> on 18 August 2008 – via <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" title="National Library of Australia">National Library of Australia</a>. <q>Translated from the Russian by J. M. Shirazi and others. With an introduction by G. K. Chesterton</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Creatures+That+Once+Were+Men%2C+and+other+stories&rft.aulast=Gorky&rft.aufirst=Maksim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Febooks.adelaide.edu.au%2Fg%2Fgorky%2Fmaksim%2Fg66cr%2Fintroduction.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2022/12/3/7379110/">"Bandera Street appeared in the liberated Izium"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ukrayinska_Pravda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrayinska Pravda">Ukrayinska Pravda</a> (in Ukrainian). 3 December 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ukrayinska+Pravda&rft.atitle=Bandera+Street+appeared+in+the+liberated+Izium&rft.date=2022-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravda.com.ua%2Fnews%2F2022%2F12%2F3%2F7379110%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://karta.tendryakovka.ru/streets/570">"Gorky Street"</a>. karta.tendryakovka.ru. Retrieved 13 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gorky+Street&rft.pub=karta.tendryakovka.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkarta.tendryakovka.ru%2Fstreets%2F570&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2023/06/13/7406662">"Streets related to Soviet past renamed in Kharkiv"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ukrayinska_Pravda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrayinska Pravda">Ukrayinska Pravda</a>. 13 June 2023. Retrieved 13 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ukrayinska+Pravda&rft.atitle=Streets+related+to+Soviet+past+renamed+in+Kharkiv&rft.date=2023-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravda.com.ua%2Feng%2Fnews%2F2023%2F06%2F13%2F7406662&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://odesa.novyny.live/v-odesi-mozhut-pereimenuvati-park-gorkogo-ta-z-desiatok-vulits-novi-nazvi-100843.html">"In Odessa, Gorky Park can be renamed from a dozen streets: new names"</a>. Novyny Live (in Ukrainian). 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Novyny+Live&rft.atitle=In+Odessa%2C+Gorky+Park+can+be+renamed+from+a+dozen+streets%3A+new+names&rft.date=2023-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fodesa.novyny.live%2Fv-odesi-mozhut-pereimenuvati-park-gorkogo-ta-z-desiatok-vulits-novi-nazvi-100843.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gorkysadan.com/">Gorky Sadan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507233846/https://gorkysadan.com/">Archived</a> 7 May 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2022/12/6/7379537/">"Monuments to Pushkin, Lomonosov, and Gorky will be removed from public space in Dnipro – city council"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ukrayinska_Pravda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrayinska Pravda">Ukrayinska Pravda</a> (in Ukrainian). 6 December 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ukrayinska+Pravda&rft.atitle=Monuments+to+Pushkin%2C+Lomonosov%2C+and+Gorky+will+be+removed+from+public+space+in+Dnipro+%E2%80%93+city+council&rft.date=2022-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravda.com.ua%2Fnews%2F2022%2F12%2F6%2F7379537%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOleh_Bildin2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Oleh Bildin (26 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dp.informator.ua/uk/u-dnipri-demontuvali-pam-yatniki-gorkomu-ta-chkalovu">"Monuments to Gorky and Chkalov were dismantled in Dnipro"</a>. Informator (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 10 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Informator&rft.atitle=Monuments+to+Gorky+and+Chkalov+were+dismantled+in+Dnipro&rft.date=2022-12-26&rft.au=Oleh+Bildin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdp.informator.ua%2Fuk%2Fu-dnipri-demontuvali-pam-yatniki-gorkomu-ta-chkalovu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/366120-Maxim_Gorky_1868-1936_Russian_and_Soviet_writer-Famous_Men-Albania">"Maxim Gorky (1868–1936), Russian and Soviet writer"</a>. colnect.com. Retrieved 13 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maxim+Gorky+%281868%E2%80%931936%29%2C+Russian+and+Soviet+writer&rft.pub=colnect.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcolnect.com%2Fen%2Fstamps%2Fstamp%2F366120-Maxim_Gorky_1868-1936_Russian_and_Soviet_writer-Famous_Men-Albania&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> ,<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/401035-Portrait_of_Maxim_Gorky-Gorky_Maxim_writer_1868_-_1936-Vietnam">"Portrait of Maxim Gorky"</a>. colnect.com. Retrieved 13 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portrait+of+Maxim+Gorky&rft.pub=colnect.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcolnect.com%2Fen%2Fstamps%2Fstamp%2F401035-Portrait_of_Maxim_Gorky-Gorky_Maxim_writer_1868_-_1936-Vietnam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/371753-Birth_Centenary_Maxim_Gorky-Centenaries_-_Personalities-India">"Birth Centenary Maxim Gorky"</a>. colnect.com. Retrieved 13 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Birth+Centenary+Maxim+Gorky&rft.pub=colnect.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcolnect.com%2Fen%2Fstamps%2Fstamp%2F371753-Birth_Centenary_Maxim_Gorky-Centenaries_-_Personalities-India&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/857307-Leo_Tolstoy_1828-1910_Maxim_Gorky_1868-1936-190th_Anniversary_of_Leo_Tolstoy-Maldives">"Leo Tolstoy (1828–1910); Maxim Gorky (1868–1936)"</a>. colnect.com. Retrieved 13 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leo+Tolstoy+%281828%E2%80%931910%29%3B+Maxim+Gorky+%281868%E2%80%931936%29&rft.pub=colnect.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcolnect.com%2Fen%2Fstamps%2Fstamp%2F857307-Leo_Tolstoy_1828-1910_Maxim_Gorky_1868-1936-190th_Anniversary_of_Leo_Tolstoy-Maldives&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/bbcrussianservicereviewgorkyenemiespage1a_202002">"Press File: Reviews of 'Enemies' by Maxim Gorky directed by Ann Penington in 12 pages"</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+File%3A+Reviews+of+%27Enemies%27+by+Maxim+Gorky+directed+by+Ann+Penington+in+12+pages&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbbcrussianservicereviewgorkyenemiespage1a_202002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul><li>Banham, Martin, ed. 1998. The Cambridge Guide to Theatre. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-43437-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-43437-8">0-521-43437-8</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenedetti1999" class="citation book cs1">Benedetti, Jean (1999). Stanislavski : His Life and Art : a Biography (3rd, rev. and expanded ed.). London: Methuen. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-413-52520-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-413-52520-1"><bdi>0-413-52520-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1109272008">1109272008</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stanislavski+%3A+His+Life+and+Art+%3A+a+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.edition=3rd%2C+rev.+and+expanded&rft.pub=Methuen&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1109272008&rft.isbn=0-413-52520-1&rft.aulast=Benedetti&rft.aufirst=Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEgorova,_L._P.Fokin,_A._A.Ivanova,_I._N.2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Egorova, L. P.; Fokin, A. A.; Ivanova, I. N.; et al. (2014). L. P. Egorova (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bmu.vrn.muzkult.ru/media/2019/09/20/1262851599/istoriya_russkoj_literatury_1_compressed.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjHydDshfaFAxU-zDgGHRRvBWIQFnoECBAQAQ&usg=AOvVaw1M05hVsWglfhIs8TQUaBnn">История русской литературы XX века (первая половина): в 2 кн. Кн. 1: Общие вопросы</a> [History of Russian Literature of the 20th Century. The first half: In 2 books. Book 1: General questions] (PDF) (Textbook) (in Russian) (2nd ed.). Moscow: Flinta. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-9765-1834-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-9765-1834-6"><bdi>978-5-9765-1834-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B+XX+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0+%28%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%29%3A+%D0%B2+2+%D0%BA%D0%BD.+%D0%9A%D0%BD.+1%3A+%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B&rft.place=Moscow&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Flinta&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-5-9765-1834-6&rft.au=Egorova%2C+L.+P.&rft.au=Fokin%2C+A.+A.&rft.au=Ivanova%2C+I.+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbmu.vrn.muzkult.ru%2Fmedia%2F2019%2F09%2F20%2F1262851599%2Fistoriya_russkoj_literatury_1_compressed.pdf%26ved%3D2ahUKEwjHydDshfaFAxU-zDgGHRRvBWIQFnoECBAQAQ%26usg%3DAOvVaw1M05hVsWglfhIs8TQUaBnn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍]</li> <li>Figes, Orlando: A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution: 1891–1924 The Bodley Head, London. (2014) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-024364-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-024364-2">978-0-14-024364-2</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeborn1982" class="citation book cs1">Freeborn, Richard (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KGhGf-erYM8C">The Russian Revolutionary Novel: Turgenev to Pasternak</a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-24442-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-24442-0"><bdi>0-521-24442-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Russian+Revolutionary+Novel%3A+Turgenev+to+Pasternak&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-521-24442-0&rft.aulast=Freeborn&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKGhGf-erYM8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcSmith2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andy_McSmith" title="Andy McSmith">McSmith, Andy</a> (2015). Fear and the Muse Kept Watch, The Russian Masters – from Akhmatova and Pasternak to Shostakovich and Eisenstein – under Stalin. New York: The New Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781620970799" title="Special:BookSources/9781620970799"><bdi>9781620970799</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/907678164">907678164</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fear+and+the+Muse+Kept+Watch%2C+The+Russian+Masters+%E2%80%93+from+Akhmatova+and+Pasternak+to+Shostakovich+and+Eisenstein+%E2%80%93+under+Stalin&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+New+Press&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F907678164&rft.isbn=9781620970799&rft.aulast=McSmith&rft.aufirst=Andy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirsky1925" class="citation book cs1">Mirsky, D. S. (1925). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211001133853/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015000668403&view=1up&seq=138">Contemporary Russian Literature, 1881–1925</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015000668403&view=1up&seq=138">the original</a> on 1 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Russian+Literature%2C+1881%E2%80%931925&rft.date=1925&rft.aulast=Mirsky&rft.aufirst=D.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dmdp.39015000668403%26view%3D1up%26seq%3D138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoynahan1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Moynahan" title="Brian Moynahan">Moynahan, Brian</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/comrades1917russ00moyn">Comrades : 1917 — Russia in Revolution</a>. Boston: Little, Brown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-58698-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-316-58698-6"><bdi>978-0-316-58698-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1028562793">1028562793</a> – via Internet Archvive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comrades+%3A+1917+%E2%80%94+Russia+in+Revolution&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1028562793&rft.isbn=978-0-316-58698-6&rft.aulast=Moynahan&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcomrades1917russ00moyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Worrall, Nick (1996). The Moscow Art Theatre. Theatre Production Studies ser. London; New York: Routledge. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-05598-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-05598-9">0-415-05598-9</a>.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Figes" title="Orlando Figes">Figes, Orlando</a> (June 1996). "Maxim Gorky and the Russian revolution". <a href="/wiki/History_Today" title="History Today">History Today</a>. 46 (6): 16. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0018-2753">0018-2753</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/EBSCOhost_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="EBSCOhost (identifier)">EBSCOhost</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AN=9606240213">9606240213</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+Today&rft.atitle=Maxim+Gorky+and+the+Russian+revolution&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=16&rft.date=1996-06&rft.issn=0018-2753&rft.aulast=Figes&rft.aufirst=Orlando&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Troyat" title="Henri Troyat">Troyat, Henri</a> (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gorky00troy/page/n5/mode/2up">Gorky</a>. Translated by Bair, Lowell. New York: Crown Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-517-57237-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-517-57237-5"><bdi>978-0-517-57237-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/579924801">579924801</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gorky&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Crown+Publishers&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F579924801&rft.isbn=978-0-517-57237-5&rft.aulast=Troyat&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgorky00troy%2Fpage%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Yedlin, Tova (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/maximgorkypoliti0000yedl">Maxim Gorky: A Political Biography</a>. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56750-979-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56750-979-3"><bdi>978-1-56750-979-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70766151">70766151</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maxim+Gorky%3A+A+Political+Biography&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn.&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70766151&rft.isbn=978-1-56750-979-3&rft.aulast=Yedlin&rft.aufirst=Tova&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmaximgorkypoliti0000yedl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaxim+Gorky" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Maxim Gorky at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Maxim_Gorky" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Maxim Gorky">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" class="extiw" title="q:Maxim Gorky">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 26px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="26" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Maxim_Gorky" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Maxim Gorky">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/gorky-maxim/index.htm">Maxim Gorky Archive</a> at <a href="/wiki/Marxists.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxists.org">marxists.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/348">Works by Maxim Gorky</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28+%28%22Gor%CA%B9ki%C4%AD%22+OR+Gorky+OR+Gor%27ki+OR+Gorki%29+AND+%28Maksim+OR+Maxim+OR+Maxsim+OR+%221868%E21936%22%29+%29">Works by or about Maxim Gorky</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/919">Works by Maxim Gorky</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/006365">Newspaper clippings about Maxim Gorky</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&oldid=1265948802">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&oldid=1265948802</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Gorky&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 29 December 2024, at 10:55 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Gorki" title="Maksim Gorki – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Maksim Gorki" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%B2%E1%88%9D_%E1%8C%8E%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA" title="ማክሲም ጎርኪ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ማክሲም ጎርኪ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A" title="مكسيم غوركي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مكسيم غوركي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_Gorki" title="Maxim Gorki – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Maxim Gorki" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%80" title="মেক্সিম গৰ্কী – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মেক্সিম গৰ্কী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1ximo_Gorki" title="Máximo Gorki – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Máximo Gorki" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Gorki" title="Maksim Gorki – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Maksim Gorki" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Qorki" title="Maksim Qorki – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Maksim Qorki" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ماکسیم قورکی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ماکسیم قورکی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF" title="মাক্সিম গোর্কি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাক্সিম গোর্কি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Gorky" title="Maksim Gorky – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Maksim Gorky" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Максим Горький – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Максим Горький" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Максім Горкі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Максім Горкі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Максім Горкі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Максім Горкі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Максим Горки – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Максим Горки" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Gorki" title="Maksim Gorki – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Maksim Gorki" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Gorkiy" title="Maksim Gorkiy – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Maksim Gorkiy" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Максим Горький – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Максим Горький" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Gorki" title="Maksim Gorki – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Maksim Gorki" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Максим Горький – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Максим Горький" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_Gorkij" title="Maxim Gorkij – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Maxim Gorkij" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_Gorki" title="Maxim Gorki – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Maxim Gorki" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Gorkij" title="Maksim Gorkij – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Maksim Gorkij" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_Gorki" title="Maxim Gorki – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Maxim Gorki" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Gorki" title="Maksim Gorki – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Maksim Gorki" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BE%CE%AF%CE%BC_%CE%93%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%B9" title="Μαξίμ Γκόρκι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαξίμ Γκόρκι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1ximo_Gorki" title="Máximo Gorki – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Máximo Gorki" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Gorkij" title="Maksim Gorkij – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Maksim Gorkij" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Gorki" title="Maksim Gorki – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Maksim Gorki" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ماکسیم گورکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماکسیم گورکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxime_Gorki" title="Maxime Gorki – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Maxime Gorki" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Gorki" title="Maksim Gorki – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Maksim Gorki" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Maxim Gorky" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_Gorki" title="Maxim Gorki – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Maxim Gorki" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Gorky" title="Maksim Gorky – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Maksim Gorky" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%89%EC%8B%AC_%EA%B3%A0%EB%A6%AC%ED%82%A4" title="막심 고리키 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="막심 고리키" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%B4_%D4%B3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%AB" title="Մաքսիմ Գորկի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մաքսիմ Գորկի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="मैक्सिम गोर्की – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मैक्सिम गोर्की" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Gorki" title="Maksim Gorki – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Maksim Gorki" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Maxim Gorky" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Maxim Gorky" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_Gorki" title="Maxim Gorki – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Maxim Gorki" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maks%C3%ADm_Gork%C3%ADj" title="Maksím Gorkíj – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Maksím Gorkíj" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Gor%27kij" title="Maksim Gor'kij – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Maksim Gor'kij" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99" title="מקסים גורקי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מקסים גורקי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Maxim Gorky" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82_%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF" title="ಮ್ಯಾಕ್ಸಿಂ ಗಾರ್ಕಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮ್ಯಾಕ್ಸಿಂ ಗಾರ್ಕಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="მაქსიმ გორკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაქსიმ გორკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Максим Горький – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Максим Горький" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxime_Gorki" title="Maxime Gorki – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Maxime Gorki" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maks%C3%AEm_Gork%C3%AE" title="Maksîm Gorkî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Maksîm Gorkî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Максим Горький – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Максим Горький" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Максим Горький – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Максим Горький" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximus_Gor%27kij" title="Maximus Gor'kij – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Maximus Gor'kij" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksims_Gorkijs" title="Maksims Gorkijs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Maksims Gorkijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksimas_Gorkis" title="Maksimas Gorkis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Maksimas Gorkis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makszim_Gorkij" title="Makszim Gorkij – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Makszim Gorkij" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Максим Горки – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Максим Горки" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Maxim Gorky" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF" title="മാക്സിം ഗോർക്കി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മാക്സിം ഗോർക്കി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="मॅक्झिम गॉर्की – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मॅक्झिम गॉर्की" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="მაქსიმ გორკი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მაქსიმ გორკი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%89" title="مكسيم جوركى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مكسيم جوركى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ماکسیم گورکی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ماکسیم گورکی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Maxim Gorky" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Gorky" title="Maksim Gorky – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Maksim Gorky" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Максим Горький – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Максим Горький" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%80%E1%80%87%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%82%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE" title="မက္ကဇင် ဂေါ်ကီ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မက္ကဇင် ဂေါ်ကီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Gorki" title="Maksim Gorki – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Maksim Gorki" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="म्याक्सिम गोर्की – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="म्याक्सिम गोर्की" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B4%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AD%E3%83%BC" title="マクシム・ゴーリキー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マクシム・ゴーリキー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Gorkij" title="Maksim Gorkij – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Maksim Gorkij" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Gorkij" title="Maksim Gorkij – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Maksim Gorkij" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_Gorki" title="Maxim Gorki – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Maxim Gorki" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Максим Горький – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Максим Горький" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Gorkiy" title="Maksim Gorkiy – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Maksim Gorkiy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80" title="ਮੈਕਸਿਮ ਗੋਰਕੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੈਕਸਿਮ ਗੋਰਕੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%85_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="میکسم گورکی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="میکسم گورکی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Gorki" title="Maksim Gorki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Maksim Gorki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1ximo_Gorki" title="Máximo Gorki – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Máximo Gorki" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_Gorki" title="Maxim Gorki – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Maxim Gorki" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Maxim Gorky" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Максим Горькый – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Максим Горькый" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Максим Горький – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Максим Горький" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Максим Горькай – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Максим Горькай" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Gorki" title="Maksim Gorki – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Maksim Gorki" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92" title="මැක්සිම් ගෝර්කි – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මැක්සිම් ගෝර්කි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Maxim Gorky" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%DA%AA%D8%B3%D9%85_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AA%D9%8A" title="ميڪسم گورڪي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ميڪسم گورڪي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_Gorkij" title="Maxim Gorkij – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Maxim Gorkij" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Gorki" title="Maksim Gorki – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Maksim Gorki" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85_%DA%AF%DB%86%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="مەکسیم گۆرکی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مەکسیم گۆرکی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Максим Горки – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Максим Горки" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Gorki" title="Maksim Gorki – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Maksim Gorki" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Gorki" title="Maksim Gorki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maksim Gorki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Gorkij" title="Maksim Gorkij – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Maksim Gorkij" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Maxim Gorky" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF" title="மாக்சிம் கார்க்கி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாக்சிம் கார்க்கி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Максим Горький – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Максим Горький" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82_%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80" title="మాక్సిం గోర్కీ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మాక్సిం గోర్కీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5" title="มักซิม กอร์กี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มักซิม กอร์กี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Максим Горкий – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Максим Горкий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Gorki" title="Maksim Gorki – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Maksim Gorki" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Максим Горький – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Максим Горький" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%85_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="میکسم گورکی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میکسم گورکی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Gorky" title="Maksim Gorky – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Maksim Gorky" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Gorkiy" title="Maksim Gorkiy – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Maksim Gorkiy" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Maxim Gorky" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E8%A5%BF%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E9%AB%98%E5%B0%94%E5%9F%BA" title="马克西姆·高尔基 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马克西姆·高尔基" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%88%BE%E5%9F%BA" title="高爾基 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="高爾基" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Gorki" title="Maksim Gorki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Maksim Gorki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E8%A5%BF%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E9%AB%98%E5%B0%94%E5%9F%BA" title="马克西姆·高尔基 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马克西姆·高尔基" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 29 December 2024, at 10:55 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise 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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5d587cdb6c-j4b65","wgBackendResponseTime":251,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.438","walltime":"1.745","ppvisitednodes":{"value":9322,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":211567,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":21746,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":11,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":304999,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1507.678 1 -total"," 23.20% 349.717 2 Template:Reflist"," 18.89% 284.737 39 Template:Cite_book"," 11.41% 172.073 1 Template:Infobox_writer"," 11.05% 166.626 1 Template:Infobox"," 8.94% 134.847 24 Template:Sfn"," 7.84% 118.246 1 Template:Langx"," 5.18% 78.079 1 Template:Short_description"," 4.58% 69.112 1 Template:Sister_project_links"," 4.06% 61.223 17 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