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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this name that follows <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Eastern Slavic naming customs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a> is Afanasyevich and the <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">family name</a> is <a href="/wiki/Bulgakov" title="Bulgakov">Bulgakov</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/bʊlˈɡɑːkɒf/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">buul-GAH-kof</a>; Russian: Михаил Афанасьевич Булгаков, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[mʲɪxɐˈil ɐfɐˈnasʲjɪvʲɪdʑ bʊlˈɡakəf]</a>;<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> 15 May [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 3 May] 1891 – 10 March 1940) was a Russian writer, medical doctor, and playwright. He is best known for his novel <a href="/wiki/The_Master_and_Margarita" title="The Master and Margarita">The Master and Margarita</a>,<a href="#cite_note-NYT-20240216-2">[2]</a> published posthumously, which has been called one of the masterpieces of the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> <table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Mikhail Bulgakov</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bulgakov in 1928"><img alt="Bulgakov in 1928" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg/220px-%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg/330px-%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg/440px-%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="930" data-file-height="1236"></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Bulgakov in 1928</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov 15 May [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 3 May] 1891 <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kiev</a>, Russian Empire</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">10 March 1940(1940-03-10) (aged 48) Moscow, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian SFSR</a>, Soviet Union</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Novodevichy_Cemetery" title="Novodevichy Cemetery">Novodevichy Cemetery</a>, Moscow</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">Novelist, short-story writer, playwright, physician</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;">Satire, fantasy, science fiction, historical fiction</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/A_Young_Doctor%27s_Notebook" title="A Young Doctor's Notebook">A Young Doctor's Notebook</a> <a href="/wiki/Heart_of_a_Dog" title="Heart of a Dog">Heart of a Dog</a> <a href="/wiki/The_White_Guard" title="The White Guard">The White Guard</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Days_of_the_Turbins" title="The Days of the Turbins">The Days of the Turbins</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Master_and_Margarita" title="The Master and Margarita">The Master and Margarita</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Tatiana Lappa</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1913; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1924)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Lubov Belozerskaya</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1925; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1931)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Elena Shilovskaya </div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1932)</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mikhail_Bulgakov_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Mikhail_Bulgakov_signature.svg/150px-Mikhail_Bulgakov_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Mikhail_Bulgakov_signature.svg/225px-Mikhail_Bulgakov_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Mikhail_Bulgakov_signature.svg/300px-Mikhail_Bulgakov_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="287"></a></td></tr></tbody></table> He is also known for his novel <a href="/wiki/The_White_Guard" title="The White Guard">The White Guard</a>; his plays <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Vasilievich_(play)" title="Ivan Vasilievich (play)">Ivan Vasilievich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flight_(play)" title="Flight (play)">Flight</a> (also called The Run), and <a href="/wiki/The_Days_of_the_Turbins" title="The Days of the Turbins">The Days of the Turbins</a>; and other works of the 1920s and 1930s. He wrote mostly about the horrors of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> and about the fate of Russian intellectuals and officers of the <a href="/wiki/White_Army" title="White Army">Tsarist Army</a> caught up in revolution and Civil War.<a href="#cite_note-Bulgakov_britannica_com-4">[4]</a> Some of his works (Flight, all his works between the years 1922 and 1926, and others) were banned by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet government">Soviet government</a>, and personally by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>, after it was decided by them that they "glorified <a href="/wiki/Evacuation_of_the_Crimea" title="Evacuation of the Crimea">emigration</a> and <a href="/wiki/White_movement" title="White movement">White</a> generals".<a href="#cite_note-BlgakovGlorifiedemigration_ru-5">[5]</a> On the other hand, Stalin loved <a href="/wiki/The_Days_of_the_Turbins" title="The Days of the Turbins">The Days of the Turbins</a> (also called The Turbin Brothers) very much and reportedly saw it at least 15 times.<a href="#cite_note-StalinTheDaysoftheTurbins_chayka_org-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-stalin-s-secret-love-affair-with-the-white-guard_standard_co_uk-7">[7]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Life_and_work">1 Life and work</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Early_life">1.1 Early life</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Career">1.2 Career</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Last_years">1.3 Last years</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Works">2 Works</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#The_Master_and_Margarita">3 The Master and Margarita</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Legacy">4 Legacy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Exhibitions_and_museums">4.1 Exhibitions and museums</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Mikhail_Bulgakov_Museum,_Kyiv">4.1.1 Mikhail Bulgakov Museum, Kyiv</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#The_Bulgakov_Museums_in_Moscow">4.1.2 The Bulgakov Museums in Moscow</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-11"><a href="#The_Bulgakov_House">4.1.2.1 The Bulgakov House</a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-12"><a href="#The_Museum_M.A._Bulgakov">4.1.2.2 The Museum M.A. Bulgakov</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Other_places_named_after_him">4.2 Other places named after him</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Works_inspired_by_him">4.3 Works inspired by him</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="#Literature">4.3.1 Literature</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="#Music">4.3.2 Music</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="#Film">4.3.3 Film</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Medical_eponym">5 Medical eponym</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Bibliography">6 Bibliography</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Novels">6.1 Novels</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Novellas_and_short_stories">6.2 Novellas and short stories</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Theatre">6.3 Theatre</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Biography">6.4 Biography</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#Notes">7 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#References">8 References</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Sources_referenced">8.1 Sources referenced</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#Sources">9 Sources</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Biographies_of_Bulgakov">9.1 Biographies of Bulgakov</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Letters,_memoirs">9.2 Letters, memoirs</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#External_links">10 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Life_and_work">Life and work</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and work" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulgakov_House_Moscow_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bulgakov_House_Moscow_%283%29.jpg/220px-Bulgakov_House_Moscow_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="972"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bulgakov_House_Moscow_%283%29.jpg/220px-Bulgakov_House_Moscow_%283%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bulgakov_House_Moscow_%283%29.jpg/330px-Bulgakov_House_Moscow_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bulgakov_House_Moscow_%283%29.jpg/440px-Bulgakov_House_Moscow_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Bulgakov House in Moscow. Bulgakov's novel Master and Margarita was written here.</figcaption></figure> Mikhail Bulgakov was born on 15 May [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 3 May] 1891 in <a href="/wiki/Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiev">Kiev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiev_Governorate" title="Kiev Governorate">Kiev Governorate</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, at 28 Vozdvishenskaya Street, into a Russian family, and baptized on 18 May [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 6 May] 1891.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya19834-8">[8]</a> He was the oldest of the seven children of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afanasiy_Bulgakov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afanasiy Bulgakov (page does not exist)">Afanasiy Bulgakov</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Булгаков, Афанасий Иванович">ru</a>] – a <a href="/wiki/Table_of_Ranks" title="Table of Ranks">state councilor</a>, a professor at the <a href="/wiki/Kiev_Theological_Academy" title="Kiev Theological Academy">Kiev Theological Academy</a>, as well as a prominent Russian <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox Christianity">Orthodox</a> essayist, thinker and translator of religious texts. His mother was Varvara Mikhailovna Bulgakova (nee Pokrovskaya), a former teacher at a women's gymnasium.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya19836%E2%80%937-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBulgakovaLyandres198842-10">[10]</a> The academician <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Petrov_(academician)" title="Nikolai Petrov (academician)">Nikolai Petrov</a> was his godfather,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya19839-11">[11]</a> while his godmother was his paternal grandmother, Olympiada.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChudakova202332-12">[12]</a> Afanasiy Bulgakov (1859 - 1907) was born in <a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oryol_Governorate" title="Oryol Governorate">Oryol Governorate</a>, the oldest son of Ivan Abramovich Bulgakov, a priest, and his wife Olympiada Ferapontovna.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChudakova202331%E2%80%9332-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBulgakovaLyandres198841-14">[14]</a> He first studied in a seminary in Oryol, and then studied in Kiev Theological Academy from 1881 to 1885, and was named a docent of the Academy in 1886.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya19835%E2%80%936-15">[15]</a> Varvara Bulgakova (1869 - 1922) was born in <a href="/wiki/Karachev" title="Karachev">Karachev</a>; her father, Mikhail Pokrovsky, was a <a href="/wiki/Protoiereus" title="Protoiereus">protoiereus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChudakova202331%E2%80%9332-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBulgakovaLyandres198842-10">[10]</a> According to Edythe C. Haber, in his "autobiographical remarks" Bulgakov stated that she was a descendant of <a href="/wiki/Tartary" title="Tartary">Tartar</a> hordes, which supposedly influenced some of his works.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Afanasiy and Varvara married in 1890.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya19836-17">[17]</a> Their other children were Vera (b. 1892), Nadezhda (b. 1893), Varvara (b. 1895), Nikolai (b. 1898), Ivan (b. 1900), and Yelena (b. 1902).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya19837-18">[18]</a> All the children received a good education; they read the classics of Russian and European literature, studied music, and went to concerts. Mikhail played piano, sang baritone, and enjoyed opera. In particular, he enjoyed <a href="/wiki/Faust_(opera)" title="Faust (opera)">Faust</a> by <a href="/wiki/Gounod" class="mw-redirect" title="Gounod">Gounod</a>; according to his sister Nadezhda, he attended showings of Faust at least 40 times.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurtis20191%E2%80%932-19">[19]</a> At home, Mikhail and his siblings acted out plays that they enjoyed; the family also had a <a href="/wiki/Dacha" title="Dacha">dacha</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bucha,_Ukraine" title="Bucha, Ukraine">Bucha</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChudakova202332%E2%80%9333-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198317-21">[21]</a> In 1901, Bulgakov joined the First Kiev Gymnasium, where he developed an interest in <a href="/wiki/Russian_literature" title="Russian literature">Russian</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="European literature">European literature</a> (his favourite authors at the time being <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Gogol" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolay Gogol">Gogol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Pushkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksander Pushkin">Pushkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoevsky" title="Fyodor Dostoevsky">Dostoyevsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saltykov-Shchedrin" class="mw-redirect" title="Saltykov-Shchedrin">Saltykov-Shchedrin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Dickens</a>), theatre and opera. The teachers of the Gymnasium exerted a great influence on the formation of his literary taste. After the death of his father in 1907, Mikhail's mother, a well-educated and extraordinarily diligent person, assumed responsibility for his education. After graduation from the Gymnasium in 1909,<a href="#cite_note-timeline-22">[22]</a> Bulgakov entered the Medical Faculty of <a href="/wiki/Kiev_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiev University">Kiev University</a>. In the summer of 1908, Bulgakov met Tatiana Lappa. Lappa, who lived in Saratov, had arrived in Kiev to visit her relatives; her aunt was a friend of Varvara Bulgakova and thus introduced her to the young Bulgakov.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChudakova202355%E2%80%9356-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBulgakovaLyandres1988109-24">[24]</a> In 1909, Bulgakov began to study medicine at the Kiev University. In 1912, Lappa arrived in Kiev to study. The two married in April 1913.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChudakova202364-25">[25]</a> Bulgakov was staying with Lappa's parents in <a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a> at the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. Her mother opened a field hospital for wounded soldiers, where Bulgakov worked as a doctor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChudakova202368-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198327-27">[27]</a>{{sfn|Bulgakova|Lyandres|1988|p=112} The couple returned to Kiev in the autumn.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChudakova202368-26">[26]</a> In 1916, Bulgakov graduated from the university, after which he volunteered for the <a href="/wiki/Red_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Cross">Red Cross</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChudakova202371-28">[28]</a> His wife volunteered as a nurse.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198327-27">[27]</a> He first worked in <a href="/wiki/Kamianets-Podilskyi" title="Kamianets-Podilskyi">Kamianets-Podilskyi</a>, then he was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Chernivtsi" title="Chernivtsi">Chernivtsi</a> in the same year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198328-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChudakova202371%E2%80%9372-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-congress-31">[31]</a> In September of that year he was transferred to Moscow; and then to the village of Nikolskoye in the <a href="/wiki/Smolensk_Oblast" title="Smolensk Oblast">Smolensk Oblast</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198328-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBulgakovaLyandres1988112-32">[32]</a> The time he spent working as a doctor would be the inspiration for his short story cycle, <a href="/wiki/A_Young_Doctor%27s_Notebook" title="A Young Doctor's Notebook">A Young Doctor's Notebook</a> and his short story, Morphine.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198328%E2%80%9329-33">[33]</a> Morphine is based on the author's actual addiction to <a href="/wiki/Morphine" title="Morphine">morphine</a>, which he started taking to alleviate the allergic effects of an anti-<a href="/wiki/Diphtheria" title="Diphtheria">diphtheria</a> drug, after accidentally infecting himself with the disease while treating a child with the same condition. While visiting Kiev with his wife, they received advice from Bulgakov's stepfather on countering his addiction in the form of injecting distilled water instead of morphine, which gradually helped Bulgakov to end his addiction.<a href="#cite_note-criticallives-34">[34]</a>: 22–25 In the autumn of 1917 he was transferred to the town of <a href="/wiki/Vyazma" title="Vyazma">Vyazma</a>, but left for Moscow in either November or December of that year in an unsuccessful attempt to gain a military discharge.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198329%E2%80%9330-35">[35]</a> After briefly visiting Lappa's parents in <a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a>, they returned to Kiev in February 1918.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198330%E2%80%9331-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Upon returning Bulgakov opened a private practice at his home at Andreyevsky Descent, 13.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198332-38">[38]</a> Here he lived through the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Civil War</a> and witnessed ten coups. Successive governments drafted the young doctor into their service while two of his brothers were serving in the <a href="/wiki/White_Army" title="White Army">White Army</a> against the Bolsheviks. In 1919, he was mobilised as an army physician by the <a href="/wiki/White_Army" title="White Army">White Army</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198346%E2%80%9348-39">[39]</a> In September 1919, Bulgakov was in <a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a> with his wife.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198349-40">[40]</a> There, he became seriously ill with <a href="/wiki/Typhus" title="Typhus">typhus</a> and barely survived.<a href="#cite_note-congress-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> In the Caucasus, he started working as a journalist, but when he and others were invited to return as doctors by the French and German governments, Bulgakov was refused permission to leave Russia because of the typhus. That was when he last saw his family; after the Civil War and the rise of the Soviets most of his relatives emigrated to Paris. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Career">Career</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Career" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Bulgakov had expressed his desire to be a writer as early as 1912 or 1913, when he showed his sister Nadezhda his first attempt at a story, called The Fiery Serpent (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Огненный змий), about an alcoholic who dies in a fit of <a href="/wiki/Delirium_tremens" title="Delirium tremens">delirium tremens</a>, and stated to her that he planned to be a writer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChudakova202360-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBulgakovaLyandres1988114-43">[43]</a> According to his first wife, he first began to consistently write in <a href="/wiki/Vyazma" title="Vyazma">Vyazma</a>, where at nights he would work on a story called The Green Serpent (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Зеленый змий).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBulgakovaLyandres1988114-43">[43]</a> After his illness, Bulgakov abandoned his medical practice to pursue writing. In his autobiography, he recalled how he began: "Once in 1919 when I was traveling at night by train I wrote a short story. In the town where the train stopped, I took the story to the publisher of the newspaper who published the story".<a href="#cite_note-congress-31">[31]</a> His first book was an <a href="/wiki/Almanac" title="Almanac">almanac</a> of <a href="/wiki/Feuilleton" title="Feuilleton">feuilletons</a> called Future Perspectives, written and published the same year. In December 1919, Bulgakov moved to <a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a>. He wrote and saw his first two plays, Self Defence and The Turbin Brothers, being produced for the city theater stage with great success.<a href="#cite_note-timeline-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-congress-31">[31]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulgakov1910s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Bulgakov1910s.jpg/230px-Bulgakov1910s.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="312" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1006" data-file-height="1363"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 230px;height: 312px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Bulgakov1910s.jpg/230px-Bulgakov1910s.jpg" data-width="230" data-height="312" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Bulgakov1910s.jpg/345px-Bulgakov1910s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Bulgakov1910s.jpg/460px-Bulgakov1910s.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Bulgakov in 1916</figcaption></figure> After travelling through the Caucasus, Bulgakov headed for Moscow, intending "to remain here forever". It was difficult to find work in the capital, but he was appointed secretary to the literary section of Glavpolitprosvet (Central Committee of the Republic for Political Education).<a href="#cite_note-congress-31">[31]</a> In September 1921, Bulgakov and his wife settled near <a href="/wiki/Patriarshy_Ponds" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarshy Ponds">Patriarch's Ponds</a>, on <a href="/wiki/Bulgakov_House_(Moscow)" title="Bulgakov House (Moscow)">Bolshaya Sadovaya street, 10</a> (now close to <a href="/wiki/Mayakovskaya_(Moscow_Metro)" title="Mayakovskaya (Moscow Metro)">Mayakovskaya metro station</a>). To make a living, he started working as a correspondent and <a href="/wiki/Feuilletons" class="mw-redirect" title="Feuilletons">feuilletons</a> writer for the newspapers Gudok, Krasnaia Panorama and Nakanune, based in Berlin.<a href="#cite_note-congress-31">[31]</a> For the almanac Nedra, he wrote Diaboliad, <a href="/wiki/The_Fatal_Eggs" title="The Fatal Eggs">The Fatal Eggs</a> (1924), and <a href="/wiki/Heart_of_a_Dog" title="Heart of a Dog">Heart of a Dog</a> (1925), works that combined bitter satire and elements of science fiction and were concerned with the fate of a scientist and the misuse of his discovery. The most significant features of Bulgakov's satire, such as a skillful blending of fantastic and realistic elements, grotesque situations, and a concern with important ethical issues, had already taken shape; these features were developed further in his most famous novel. Between 1922 and 1926, Bulgakov wrote several plays (including <a href="/wiki/Zoyka%27s_Apartment" title="Zoyka's Apartment">Zoyka's Apartment</a>), none of which were allowed production at the time.<a href="#cite_note-timeline-22">[22]</a> <a href="/wiki/Flight_(play)" title="Flight (play)">The Run</a>, treating the horrors of a fratricidal war, was personally banned by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> after the Glavrepertkom (Department of Repertoire) decided that it "glorified emigration and <a href="/wiki/White_movement" title="White movement">White</a> generals".<a href="#cite_note-congress-31">[31]</a> In the spring of 1924, Bulgakov divorced Tatyana Lappa.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198345-44">[44]</a> The next year, he married Lyubov Belozerskaya. When one of Moscow's theatre directors severely criticised Bulgakov, Stalin personally protected him, saying that a writer of Bulgakov's quality was above "party words" like "left" and "right".<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Stalin found work for the playwright at a small Moscow theatre, and next the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Art_Theatre" title="Moscow Art Theatre">Moscow Art Theatre</a> (MAT). Bulgakov's first major work was the novel <a href="/wiki/The_White_Guard" title="The White Guard">The White Guard</a> (Belaya gvardiya [Белая гвардия]), serialized in 1925 but never published in book form.<a href="#cite_note-Bulgakov's_first_work_britannika-46">[46]</a> On 5 October 1926, <a href="/wiki/The_Days_of_the_Turbins" title="The Days of the Turbins">The Days of the Turbins</a>, the play which continued the theme of The White Guard (the fate of Russian intellectuals and officers of the Tsarist Army caught up in revolution and Civil war) was premiered at the MAT.<a href="#cite_note-timeline-22">[22]</a> Stalin liked it very much and reportedly saw it at least 15 times.<a href="#cite_note-StalinTheDaysoftheTurbins_chayka_org-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-stalin-s-secret-love-affair-with-the-white-guard_standard_co_uk-7">[7]</a> His plays <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Vasilievich_(play)" title="Ivan Vasilievich (play)">Ivan Vasilievich</a> (Иван Васильевич), Don Quixote (Дон Кихот) and Last Days (Последние дни [Poslednie Dni], also called Pushkin) were banned. The premier of another, <a href="/wiki/The_Cabal_of_Hypocrites" title="The Cabal of Hypocrites">Moliėre (also known as The Cabal of Hypocrites)</a>, about the <a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">French dramatist</a> in which Bulgakov plunged "into fairy Paris of the XVII century", received bad reviews in <a href="/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda">Pravda</a> and the play was withdrawn from the theater repertoire.<a href="#cite_note-congress-31">[31]</a> In 1928, Zoyka's Apartment and The Purple Island were staged in Moscow; both comedies were accepted by the public with great enthusiasm, but critics again gave them bad reviews.<a href="#cite_note-congress-31">[31]</a> By March 1929, Bulgakov's career was ruined when Government censorship stopped the publication of any of his work and his plays.<a href="#cite_note-timeline-22">[22]</a> In despair, Bulgakov first wrote a personal letter to Joseph Stalin (July 1929), then on 28 March 1930, a letter to the Soviet government.<a href="#cite_note-letter-47">[47]</a> He requested permission to emigrate if the Soviet Union could not find use for him as a writer.<a href="#cite_note-congress-31">[31]</a> In his autobiography, Bulgakov claimed to have written to Stalin out of desperation and mental anguish, never intending to post the letter. He received a phone call directly from the Soviet leader, who asked the writer whether he really desired to leave the Soviet Union. Bulgakov replied that a Russian writer cannot live outside of his homeland. Stalin gave him permission to continue working at the Art Theater; on 10 May 1930,<a href="#cite_note-timeline-22">[22]</a> he re-joined the theater, as stage director's assistant. Later he adapted <a href="/wiki/Gogol" class="mw-redirect" title="Gogol">Gogol</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Dead_Souls" title="Dead Souls">Dead Souls</a> for stage. In 1932, Bulgakov married for the third time, to Yelena Shilovskaya, who would prove to be inspiration for the character Margarita in his most famous novel, on which he started working in 1928.<a href="#cite_note-congress-31">[31]</a> During the last decade of his life, Bulgakov continued to work on The Master and Margarita, wrote plays, critical works, and stories and made several translations and dramatisations of novels. Many of them were not published, others were "torn to pieces" by critics. Much of his work (ridiculing the Soviet system) stayed in his desk drawer for several decades. The refusal of the authorities to let him work in the theatre and his desire to see his family who were living abroad, whom he had not seen for many years, led him to seek drastic measures[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>]. Despite his new work, the projects he worked on at the theatre were often prohibited, and he was stressed and unhappy. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Last_years">Last years</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Last years" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In the late 1930s, he joined the <a href="/wiki/Bolshoi_Theatre" title="Bolshoi Theatre">Bolshoi Theatre</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Librettist" class="mw-redirect" title="Librettist">librettist</a> and consultant. He left after perceiving that none of his works would be produced there. Stalin's favor protected Bulgakov from arrests and execution, but he could not get his writing published. His novels and dramas were subsequently banned and, for the second time, Bulgakov's career as playwright was ruined. When his last play Batum (1939), a complimentary portrayal of Stalin's early revolutionary days,<a href="#cite_note-az_lib_batum-48">[48]</a> was banned before rehearsals, Bulgakov requested permission to leave the country but was refused. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulgakov_Grave_April_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Bulgakov_Grave_April_2015.jpg/170px-Bulgakov_Grave_April_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1280"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 170px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Bulgakov_Grave_April_2015.jpg/170px-Bulgakov_Grave_April_2015.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="170" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Bulgakov_Grave_April_2015.jpg/255px-Bulgakov_Grave_April_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Bulgakov_Grave_April_2015.jpg/340px-Bulgakov_Grave_April_2015.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Gravestone of Mikhail Bulgakov and <a href="/wiki/Elena_Sergeevna_Bulgakova" title="Elena Sergeevna Bulgakova">Elena Bulgakova</a></figcaption></figure> In poor health, Bulgakov devoted his last years to what he called his "sunset" novel. The years 1937 to 1939 were stressful for Bulgakov, veering from glimpses of optimism, believing the publication of his masterpiece could still be possible, to bouts of depression, when he felt as if there were no hope. On 15 June 1938, when the manuscript was nearly finished, Bulgakov wrote in a letter to his wife: <blockquote>"In front of me 327 pages of the manuscript (about 22 chapters). The most important remains – editing, and it's going to be hard, I will have to pay close attention to details. Maybe even re-write some things... 'What's its future?' you ask? I don't know. Possibly, you will store the manuscript in one of the drawers, next to my 'killed' plays, and occasionally it will be in your thoughts. Then again, you don't know the future. My own judgement of the book is already made and I think it truly deserves being hidden away in the darkness of some chest..."</blockquote> In 1939, Mikhail Bulgakov organized a private reading of The Master and Margarita to his close circle of friends. <a href="/wiki/Elena_Sergeevna_Bulgakova" title="Elena Sergeevna Bulgakova">Elena Bulgakova</a> remembered 30 years later, "When he finally finished reading that night, he said: 'Well, tomorrow I am taking the novel to the publisher!' and everyone was silent", "...Everyone sat paralyzed. Everything scared them. P. (P. A. Markov, in charge of the literature division of MAT) later at the door fearfully tried to explain to me that trying to publish the novel would cause terrible things", she wrote in her diary (14 May 1939). In the last month of his life, friends and relatives were constantly on duty at his bedside. On 10 March 1940, Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov died from <a href="/wiki/Nephrotic_syndrome" title="Nephrotic syndrome">nephrotic syndrome</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> (an inherited kidney disorder). His father had died of the same disease, and from his youth Bulgakov had guessed his future mortal diagnosis. On 11 March, a <a href="/wiki/Civil_funeral" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil funeral">civil funeral</a> was held in the building of the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Soviet_Writers" title="Union of Soviet Writers">Union of Soviet Writers</a>. Before the funeral, the Moscow sculptor <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Merkurov" title="Sergey Merkurov">Sergey Merkurov</a> removed the <a href="/wiki/Death_mask" title="Death mask">death mask</a> from his face. He was buried in the <a href="/wiki/Novodevichy_Cemetery" title="Novodevichy Cemetery">Novodevichy Cemetery</a> in Moscow. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Works" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Works_by_Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Category:Works by Mikhail Bulgakov">Category:Works by Mikhail Bulgakov</a></div> During his life, Bulgakov was best known for the plays he contributed to <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Stanislavski" title="Konstantin Stanislavski">Konstantin Stanislavski</a>'s and <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nemirovich-Danchenko" title="Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko">Nemirovich-Danchenko</a>'s Moscow Art Theatre. Stalin was known to be fond of the play <a href="/wiki/Days_of_the_Turbins" class="mw-redirect" title="Days of the Turbins">Days of the Turbins</a> (Дни Турбиных, 1926), which was based on Bulgakov's novel <a href="/wiki/The_White_Guard" title="The White Guard">The White Guard</a>. His dramatization of <a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">Molière</a>'s life in <a href="/wiki/The_Cabal_of_Hypocrites" title="The Cabal of Hypocrites">The Cabal of Hypocrites</a> (Кабала святош, 1936) is still performed by the Moscow Art Theatre. Even after his plays were banned from the theatres, Bulgakov wrote a comedy about <a href="/wiki/Ivan_the_Terrible" title="Ivan the Terrible">Ivan the Terrible</a>'s visit into 1930s <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>. His play Batum (Батум, 1939) about the early years of Stalin was prohibited by the premier himself. Bulgakov later reflected his experience of being a Soviet playwright in <a href="/wiki/Theatrical_Novel" title="Theatrical Novel">Theatrical Novel</a> (Театральный роман, 1936, unfinished). His prose remained unprinted from the late 1920s to 1961; from 1941 to 1954 the only Bulgakov plays that were staged were The Last Days and his adaptation of Gogol's <a href="/wiki/Dead_Souls" title="Dead Souls">Dead Souls</a>. In 1962, his Life of Monsieur de Molière was published; in 1963, Notes of a Young Doctor; in 1965, Theatrical Novel and a collection of his plays were published; in 1966, a collection of his prose including The White Guard; and in 1967 The Master and Margarita was published.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBulgakovaLyandres19887-50">[50]</a> Bulgakov began writing novels with <a href="/wiki/The_White_Guard" title="The White Guard">The White Guard</a> (Белая гвардия) (1923, partly published in 1925, first full edition 1927–1929, Paris) – a novel about a life of a <a href="/wiki/White_Army" title="White Army">White Army</a> officer's family in <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Civil_War_(1917%E2%80%931921)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Civil War (1917–1921)">civil war</a> <a href="/wiki/Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiev">Kiev</a>. In the mid-1920s, he came to admire the works of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Belyaev" title="Alexander Belyaev">Alexander Belyaev</a> and <a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a> and wrote several stories and novellas with elements of <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a>, notably <a href="/wiki/The_Fatal_Eggs" title="The Fatal Eggs">The Fatal Eggs</a> (Роковые яйца) (1924) and <a href="/wiki/Heart_of_a_Dog" title="Heart of a Dog">Heart of a Dog</a> (Собачье сердце) (1925). He intended to compile his stories of the mid-twenties (published mostly in medical journals) that were based on his work as a country doctor in 1916–1918 into a collection titled <a href="/wiki/A_Young_Doctor%27s_Notebook" title="A Young Doctor's Notebook">Notes of a Young Doctor</a> (Записки юного врача), but the book came out only in 1963.<a href="#cite_note-lit-arts-med-db-51">[51]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Fatal_Eggs" title="The Fatal Eggs">The Fatal Eggs</a> tells of the events of a Professor Persikov, who, in experimentation with eggs, discovers a red ray that accelerates growth in living organisms. At the time, an illness passes through the chickens of Moscow, killing most of them, and to remedy the situation, the Soviet government puts the ray into use at a farm. Due to a mix-up in egg shipments, the Professor ends up with chicken eggs, while the government-run farm receives the shipment of ostrich, snake and crocodile eggs ordered by the Professor. The mistake is not discovered until the eggs produce giant monstrosities that wreak havoc in the suburbs of Moscow and kill most of the workers on the farm. The propaganda machine turns on Persikov, distorting his nature in the same way his "innocent" tampering created the monsters. This tale of a bungling government earned Bulgakov his label of counter-revolutionary. <a href="/wiki/Heart_of_a_Dog" title="Heart of a Dog">Heart of a Dog</a> features a professor who implants human testicles and a <a href="/wiki/Pituitary_gland" title="Pituitary gland">pituitary gland</a> into a dog named Sharik (means "Little Balloon" or "Little Ball" – a popular Russian nickname for a male dog). The dog becomes more and more human as time passes, resulting in all manner of chaos. The tale can be read as a critical satire of liberal nihilism and the communist mentality. It contains a few bold hints to the communist leadership; e.g. the name of the drunkard donor of the human organ implants is Chugunkin <a href="#cite_note-52">[a]</a> which can be seen as a parody on the name of Stalin ("stal'" is steel). It was adapted as a comic <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> called The Murder of Comrade Sharik by <a href="/wiki/William_Bergsma" title="William Bergsma">William Bergsma</a> in 1973. In 1988, an award-winning film version <a href="/wiki/Heart_of_a_Dog_(1988_film)" title="Heart of a Dog (1988 film)">Sobachye Serdtse</a> was produced by <a href="/wiki/Lenfilm" title="Lenfilm">Lenfilm</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Yevgeniy_Yevstigneyev" class="mw-redirect" title="Yevgeniy Yevstigneyev">Yevgeniy Yevstigneyev</a>, Roman Kartsev and <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Tolokonnikov" title="Vladimir Tolokonnikov">Vladimir Tolokonnikov</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="The_Master_and_Margarita">The Master and Margarita</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The Master and Margarita" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Master_and_Margarita" title="The Master and Margarita">The Master and Margarita</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1991_CPA_PC_221.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/1991_CPA_PC_221.jpg/220px-1991_CPA_PC_221.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5940" data-file-height="4227"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 157px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/1991_CPA_PC_221.jpg/220px-1991_CPA_PC_221.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="157" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/1991_CPA_PC_221.jpg/330px-1991_CPA_PC_221.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/1991_CPA_PC_221.jpg/440px-1991_CPA_PC_221.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Soviet postal stamp: prepaid postcard of 1991</figcaption></figure> The novel <a href="/wiki/The_Master_and_Margarita" title="The Master and Margarita">The Master and Margarita</a> is a critique of Soviet society and its literary establishment. The work is appreciated for its philosophical undertones and for its high artistic level, thanks to its picturesque descriptions (especially of old Jerusalem), lyrical fragments and style. It is a <a href="/wiki/Frame_narrative" class="mw-redirect" title="Frame narrative">frame narrative</a> involving two characteristically related time periods, or plot lines: a retelling in Bulgakov's interpretation of the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> and a description of contemporary Moscow. The novel begins with <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a> visiting Moscow in the 1930s, joining a conversation between a critic and a poet debating the most effective method of denying the existence of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a>. It develops into an all-embracing indictment of the corruption of communism and Soviet Russia. A story within the story portrays the interrogation of Jesus Christ by <a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion" title="Crucifixion">Crucifixion</a>. It became the best known novel by Bulgakov. He began writing it in 1928, but the novel was finally published by his widow only in 1966, twenty-six years after his death. The book contributed a number of sayings to the Russian language, for example, "Manuscripts don't burn" and "second-grade freshness". A destroyed manuscript of the Master is an important element of the plot. Bulgakov had to rewrite the novel from memory after he burned the draft manuscript in 1930, as he could not see a future as a writer in the Soviet Union at a time of widespread political repression. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legacy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exhibitions_and_museums">Exhibitions and museums</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Exhibitions and museums" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>Several displays at the <a href="/wiki/One_Street_Museum" title="One Street Museum">One Street Museum</a> are dedicated to Bulgakov's family. Among the items presented in the museum are original photos of Mikhail Bulgakov, books and his personal belongings, and a window frame from the house where he lived. The museum also keeps scientific works of Prof. Afanasiy Bulgakov, Mikhail's father.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kiev_Bulgakov_monument_08_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Kiev_Bulgakov_monument_08_2016.jpg/220px-Kiev_Bulgakov_monument_08_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1511" data-file-height="1961"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 286px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Kiev_Bulgakov_monument_08_2016.jpg/220px-Kiev_Bulgakov_monument_08_2016.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="286" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Kiev_Bulgakov_monument_08_2016.jpg/330px-Kiev_Bulgakov_monument_08_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Kiev_Bulgakov_monument_08_2016.jpg/440px-Kiev_Bulgakov_monument_08_2016.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Statue of Bulgakov in Kyiv on Andriivskij Descent, where he once lived</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mikhail_Bulgakov_Museum,_Kyiv">Mikhail Bulgakov Museum, Kyiv</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Mikhail Bulgakov Museum, Kyiv" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov_Museum" title="Mikhail Bulgakov Museum">Mikhail Bulgakov Museum</a> (Bulgakov House) in <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> has been converted to a literary museum with some rooms devoted to the writer, as well as some to his works.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> This was his family home, the model for the house of the Turbin family in his play The Days of the Turbins. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Bulgakov_Museums_in_Moscow">The Bulgakov Museums in Moscow</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The Bulgakov Museums in Moscow" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In Moscow, two museums honour the memory of Mikhail Bulgakov and The Master and Margarita. Both are situated in Bulgakov's old apartment building on Bolshaya Sadovaya street nr. 10, in which parts of The Master and Margarita are set. Since the 1980s, the building has become a gathering spot for Bulgakov's fans, as well as Moscow-based <a href="/wiki/Satanist" class="mw-redirect" title="Satanist">Satanist</a> groups, and had various kinds of <a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">graffiti</a> scrawled on the walls. The numerous paintings, quips, and drawings were completely whitewashed in 2003. Previously the best drawings were kept as the walls were repainted, so that several layers of different colored paints could be seen around the best drawings.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="The_Bulgakov_House">The Bulgakov House</h5> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The Bulgakov House" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bulgakov_House_(Moscow)" title="Bulgakov House (Moscow)">Bulgakov House (Moscow)</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Bulgakov_House_(Moscow)" title="Bulgakov House (Moscow)">Bulgakov House</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Музей – театр "Булгаковский Дом") is situated at the ground floor. This museum has been established as a private initiative on 15 May 2004. The Bulgakov House contains personal belongings, photos, and several exhibitions related to Bulgakov's life and his different works. Various poetic and literary events are often held, and excursions to Bulgakov's Moscow are organised, some of which are animated with living characters of The Master and Margarita. The Bulgakov House also runs the Theatre M.A. Bulgakov with 126 seats, and the Café 302-bis. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="The_Museum_M.A._Bulgakov">The Museum M.A. Bulgakov</h5> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: The Museum M.A. Bulgakov" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bulgakov_Museum_in_Moscow" title="Bulgakov Museum in Moscow">Bulgakov Museum in Moscow</a></div> In the same building, in apartment number 50 on the fourth floor, is a second museum that keeps alive the memory of Bulgakov, the <a href="/wiki/Bulgakov_Museum_in_Moscow" title="Bulgakov Museum in Moscow">Museum M.A. Bulgakov</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Музей М. А. Булгаков). This second museum is a government initiative, and was founded on 26 March 2007. The Museum M.A. Bulgakov contains personal belongings, photos, and several exhibitions related to Bulgakov's life and his different works. Various poetic and literary events are often held. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andrijivskiy_uzviz_13a-01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Andrijivskiy_uzviz_13a-01.JPG/220px-Andrijivskiy_uzviz_13a-01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Andrijivskiy_uzviz_13a-01.JPG/220px-Andrijivskiy_uzviz_13a-01.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Andrijivskiy_uzviz_13a-01.JPG/330px-Andrijivskiy_uzviz_13a-01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Andrijivskiy_uzviz_13a-01.JPG/440px-Andrijivskiy_uzviz_13a-01.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Mikhail Bulgakov Museum, Kyiv</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_places_named_after_him">Other places named after him</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Other places named after him" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/Minor_planet" title="Minor planet">minor planet</a>, <a href="/wiki/3469_Bulgakov" class="mw-redirect" title="3469 Bulgakov">3469 Bulgakov</a>, discovered by the Soviet astronomer <a href="/wiki/Lyudmila_Georgievna_Karachkina" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyudmila Georgievna Karachkina">Lyudmila Georgievna Karachkina</a> in 1982, is named after him.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_inspired_by_him">Works inspired by him</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Works inspired by him" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Literature">Literature</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Literature" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salman_Rushdie" title="Salman Rushdie">Salman Rushdie</a> said that The Master and Margarita was an inspiration for his novel <a href="/wiki/The_Satanic_Verses" title="The Satanic Verses">The Satanic Verses</a> (1988).<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hodge_(screenwriter)" title="John Hodge (screenwriter)">John Hodge</a>'s play <a href="/wiki/Collaborators_(play)" title="Collaborators (play)">Collaborators</a> (2011) is a fictionalized account of the relationship between Bulgakov and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>, inspired by The Days of the Turbins and The White Guard.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Music">Music</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Music" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>According to <a href="/wiki/Mick_Jagger" title="Mick Jagger">Mick Jagger</a>, Master and Margarita was part of the inspiration for <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">The Rolling Stones</a>' "<a href="/wiki/Sympathy_for_the_Devil" title="Sympathy for the Devil">Sympathy for the Devil</a>" (1968). <a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a></li> <li>The lyrics of <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Jam" title="Pearl Jam">Pearl Jam</a>'s song "Pilate", featured on their album <a href="/wiki/Yield_(album)" title="Yield (album)">Yield</a> (1998), were inspired by Master and Margarita.<a href="#cite_note-Pearl_Jam_FAQ-58">[57]</a> The lyrics were written by the band's bassist <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Ament" title="Jeff Ament">Jeff Ament</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Kapranos" title="Alex Kapranos">Alex Kapranos</a> from Franz Ferdinand-based "Love and Destroy" on the same book.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Film">Film</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Film" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Flight_(film)" title="The Flight (film)">The Flight</a> (1970) — a two-part historical drama based on Bulgakov's <a href="/wiki/Flight_(play)" title="Flight (play)">Flight</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_White_Guard" title="The White Guard">The White Guard</a> and Black Sea. It was the first Soviet adaptation of Bulgakov's writings directed by <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Alov" title="Aleksandr Alov">Aleksandr Alov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Naumov" title="Vladimir Naumov">Vladimir Naumov</a>, with Bulgakov's third wife Elena Bulgakova credited as a "literary consultant". The film was officially selected for the <a href="/wiki/1971_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="1971 Cannes Film Festival">1971 Cannes Film Festival</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Master_and_Margaret_(1972_film)" title="The Master and Margaret (1972 film)">The Master and Margaret</a> (1972) — a joint Yugoslav-Italian drama directed by <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Petrovi%C4%87_(film_director)" title="Aleksandar Petrović (film director)">Aleksandar Petrović</a>, the first adaptation of the novel of the same name, along with Pilate and Others. It was selected as the Yugoslav entry for the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film">Best Foreign Language Film</a> at the <a href="/wiki/45th_Academy_Awards" title="45th Academy Awards">45th Academy Awards</a>, but was not accepted as a nominee.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilate_and_Others" title="Pilate and Others">Pilate and Others</a> (1972) — a German TV drama directed by <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Wajda" title="Andrzej Wajda">Andrzej Wajda</a>, it was also a loose adaptation of <a href="/wiki/The_Master_and_Margarita" title="The Master and Margarita">The Master and Margarita</a> novel. The film focused on the biblical part of the story, and the action was moved to the modern-day <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Vasilievich:_Back_to_the_Future" title="Ivan Vasilievich: Back to the Future">Ivan Vasilievich: Back to the Future</a> (1973) — an adaptation of Bulgakov's science fiction/comedy play <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Vasilievich_(play)" title="Ivan Vasilievich (play)">Ivan Vasilievich</a> about an unexpected visit of <a href="/wiki/Ivan_the_Terrible" title="Ivan the Terrible">Ivan the Terrible</a> to the modern-day Moscow. It was directed by one of the leading Soviet comedy directors <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Gaidai" title="Leonid Gaidai">Leonid Gaidai</a>. With 60.7 million viewers on the year of release it became the 17th most popular film ever produced in the USSR.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuore_di_cane" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuore di cane">Dog's Heart</a> (1976) — a joint Italian-German science fiction/comedy film directed by <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Lattuada" title="Alberto Lattuada">Alberto Lattuada</a>. It was the first adaptation of the <a href="/wiki/Heart_of_a_Dog" title="Heart of a Dog">Heart of a Dog</a> satirical novel about an old scientist who tries to grow a man out of a dog.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Days_of_the_Turbins_(1976_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Days of the Turbins (1976 film)">The Days of the Turbins</a> (1976) — a three-part Soviet TV drama directed by <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Basov" title="Vladimir Basov">Vladimir Basov</a>. It was an adaptation of the <a href="/wiki/The_Days_of_the_Turbins" title="The Days of the Turbins">play of the same name</a> which, at the same time, was Bulgakov's stage adaptation of The White Guard novel.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_of_a_Dog_(1988_film)" title="Heart of a Dog (1988 film)">Heart of a Dog</a> (1988) — a Soviet black-and-white TV film directed by <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Bortko" title="Vladimir Bortko">Vladimir Bortko</a>, the second adaptation of the novel of the same name. Unlike the previous version, this film follows the original text closely, while also introducing characters, themes and dialogues featured in other Bulgakov's writings.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Master_and_Margarita_(1988_TV_series)" title="The Master and Margarita (1988 TV series)">The Master and Margarita</a> (1989) — a Polish TV drama in four parts directed by <a href="/wiki/Maciej_Wojtyszko" title="Maciej Wojtyszko">Maciej Wojtyszko</a>. It was noted by critics as a very faithful adaptation of the original novel.</li> <li>After the Revolution (1990) – a feature-length film created by András Szirtes, a Hungarian filmmaker, using a simple video camera, from 1987 to 1989. It is a very loose adaptation, but for all that, it is explicitly based on Bulgakov's novel, in a thoroughly experimental way. What you see in this film is documentary-like scenes shot in Moscow and Budapest, and New York, and these scenes are linked to the novel by some explicit links, and by these, the film goes beyond the level of being but a visual documentary which would only have reminded the viewer of The Master and Margarita.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incident_in_Judaea" title="Incident in Judaea">Incident in Judaea</a>, a 1991 film by Paul Bryers for Channel 4, focussing on the biblical parts of The Master and Margarita.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Master_and_Margarita_(1994_film)" title="The Master and Margarita (1994 film)">The Master and Margarita</a> (1994) — Russian film directed by <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Kara" title="Yuri Kara">Yuri Kara</a> in 1994 and released to public only in 2011. Known for a long, troubled post-production due to the director's resistance to cut about 80 minutes of the film on the producers' request, as well as copyright claims from the descendants of <a href="/wiki/Elena_Sergeevna_Bulgakova" title="Elena Sergeevna Bulgakova">Elena Bulgakova</a> (Shilovskaya).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Master_and_Margarita_(miniseries)" title="The Master and Margarita (miniseries)">The Master and Margarita</a> (2005) — Russian TV mini-series directed by Vladimir Bortko and his second adaptation of Bulgakov's writings. Screened for <a href="/wiki/Russia-1" title="Russia-1">Russia-1</a>, it was seen by 40 million viewers on its initial release, becoming the most popular Russian TV series.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morphine_(film)" title="Morphine (film)">Morphine</a> (2008) — Russian film directed by <a href="/wiki/Aleksei_Balabanov" title="Aleksei Balabanov">Aleksei Balabanov</a> loosely based on Bulgakov's autobiographical short stories Morphine and <a href="/wiki/A_Country_Doctor%27s_Notebook" class="mw-redirect" title="A Country Doctor's Notebook">A Country Doctor's Notebook</a>. The screenplay was written by Balabanov's friend and regular collaborator <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Bodrov,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Sergei Bodrov, Jr.">Sergei Bodrov, Jr.</a> before his tragic death in 2002.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_White_Guard_(TV_series)" title="The White Guard (TV series)">The White Guard</a> (2012) — Russian TV mini-series produced by <a href="/wiki/Russia-1" title="Russia-1">Russia-1</a>. The film was shot in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> and released to mostly negative reviews. In 2014 the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Ukraine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Culture (Ukraine)">Ukrainian Ministry of Culture</a> banned the distribution of the film, claiming that it shows "contempt for the Ukrainian language, people and state".<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Young_Doctor%27s_Notebook_(TV_series)" title="A Young Doctor's Notebook (TV series)">A Young Doctor's Notebook</a> (2012–2013) — British mini-series produced by <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Jon_Hamm" title="Jon Hamm">Jon Hamm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Radcliffe" title="Daniel Radcliffe">Daniel Radcliffe</a> playing main parts. Unlike the Morphine film by Aleksei Balabanov that mixed drama and thriller, this version of A Country Doctor's Notebook was made as a <a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">black comedy</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Master_and_Margarita_(2024_film)" title="The Master and Margarita (2024 film)">The Master and Margarita</a>. (2024) − Film directed by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lockshin_(film_director)" title="Michael Lockshin (film director)">Michael Lockshin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-20240216-2">[2]</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Medical_eponym">Medical eponym</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Medical eponym" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> After graduating from the Medical School in 1909, he spent the early days of his career as a venereologist, rather than pursuing his goal of being a pediatrician, as <a href="/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis">syphilis</a> was highly prevalent during those times. It was during those early years that he described the symptoms and characteristics of syphilis affecting the bones. He described the abnormal and concomitant change of the outline of the crests of the shin-bones with a pathological worm-eaten like appearance and creation of abnormal osteophytes in the bones of those suffering from later stages of syphilis. This became known as "Bulgakov's Sign" and is commonly used in the former Soviet states, but is known as the "Bandy Legs Sign" in the west.<a href="#cite_note-google-62">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-google2-63">[62]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov_bibliography" title="Mikhail Bulgakov bibliography">Mikhail Bulgakov bibliography</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Works_by_Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Category:Works by Mikhail Bulgakov">Category:Works by Mikhail Bulgakov</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Novels">Novels</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Novels" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_White_Guard" title="The White Guard">The White Guard</a> (1925/1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Master_and_Margarita" title="The Master and Margarita">The Master and Margarita</a> (1940/1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatrical_Novel" title="Theatrical Novel">Theatrical Novel</a> (1936/1967, aka Black Snow)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Novellas_and_short_stories">Novellas and short stories</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Novellas and short stories" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Notes_on_the_Cuffs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Notes on the Cuffs (page does not exist)">Notes on the Cuffs</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaboliad" title="Diaboliad">Diaboliad</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fatal_Eggs" title="The Fatal Eggs">The Fatal Eggs</a> (1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Young_Doctor%27s_Notebook" title="A Young Doctor's Notebook">A Young Doctor's Notebook</a> (1926/1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_of_a_Dog" title="Heart of a Dog">Heart of a Dog</a> (1925/1968)</li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morphine_(short_story)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morphine (short story) (page does not exist)">Morphine</a>" (1927)</li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Murderer_(Bulgakov_story)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Murderer (Bulgakov story) (page does not exist)">The Murderer</a>" (1928)</li></ul> <hr> <ul><li>Great Soviet Short Stories (1962)</li> <li>The Terrible News: Russian Stories from the Years Following the Revolution (1990)</li> <li>Diaboliad and Other Stories (1990)</li> <li>Notes on the Cuff & Other Stories (1991)</li> <li>The Fatal Eggs and Other Soviet Satire, 1918–1963 (1993)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatre">Theatre</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Theatre" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoyka%27s_Apartment" title="Zoyka's Apartment">Zoyka's Apartment</a> (1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Days_of_the_Turbins" title="The Days of the Turbins">The Days of the Turbins</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_(play)" title="Flight (play)">Flight</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cabal_of_Hypocrites" title="The Cabal of Hypocrites">The Cabal of Hypocrites</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_(play)" title="Adam and Eve (play)">Adam and Eve</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Vasilievich_(play)" title="Ivan Vasilievich (play)">Ivan Vasilievich</a> (1936)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biography">Biography</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Biography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>Life of M. de Molière, 1962</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> The surname Chugunkin comes from "chugunka" is an informal term for railroad called so because the rails were made from <a href="/wiki/Cast_iron" title="Cast iron">cast iron</a>, chugun in Russian </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bulgakov">"Bulgakov"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055830/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bulgakov">Archived</a> 4 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary" title="Collins English Dictionary">Collins English Dictionary</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20240216-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20240216_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20240216_2-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSonne2024" class="citation news cs1">Sonne, Paul (16 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/16/movies/master-and-margarita-movie-russia-reaction.html">"Life Imitates Art as a 'Master and Margarita' Movie Stirs Russia - An American director's adaptation of the beloved novel is resonating with moviegoers, who may recognize some similarities in its satire of authoritarian rule"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240216060706/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/16/movies/master-and-margarita-movie-russia-reaction.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Life+Imitates+Art+as+a+%27Master+and+Margarita%27+Movie+Stirs+Russia+-+An+American+director%27s+adaptation+of+the+beloved+novel+is+resonating+with+moviegoers%2C+who+may+recognize+some+similarities+in+its+satire+of+authoritarian+rule.&rft.date=2024-02-16&rft.aulast=Sonne&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F02%2F16%2Fmovies%2Fmaster-and-margarita-movie-russia-reaction.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMikhail+Bulgakov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMukherjee,_Neel2008" class="citation news cs1">Mukherjee, Neel (9 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080718183730/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/fiction/article3901149.ece">"The Master and Margarita: A graphic novel by Mikhail Bulgakov"</a>. The Times. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/fiction/article3901149.ece">the original</a> on 18 July 2008. Retrieved 19 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=The+Master+and+Margarita%3A+A+graphic+novel+by+Mikhail+Bulgakov&rft.date=2008-05-09&rft.au=Mukherjee%2C+Neel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fentertainment.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Farts_and_entertainment%2Fbooks%2Ffiction%2Farticle3901149.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMikhail+Bulgakov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bulgakov_britannica_com-4"><a href="#cite_ref-Bulgakov_britannica_com_4-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mikhail-Bulgakov">Bulgakov's biography on britannica</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210402174117/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mikhail-Bulgakov">Archived</a> 2 April 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> subject of Bulgakov's works (main part of the text starts from the "novel Belaya gvardiya (The White Guard)..." </li> <li id="cite_note-BlgakovGlorifiedemigration_ru-5"><a href="#cite_ref-BlgakovGlorifiedemigration_ru_5-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/european/bulgaklc.html">Mikhail Bulgakov in the Western World: A Bibliography</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180327174839/http://www.loc.gov/rr/european/bulgaklc.html">Archived</a> 27 March 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Mikhail Bulgakov in the Western World: A Bibliography </li> <li id="cite_note-StalinTheDaysoftheTurbins_chayka_org-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StalinTheDaysoftheTurbins_chayka_org_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StalinTheDaysoftheTurbins_chayka_org_6-1">b</a> Shaternikova, Marianna. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chayka.org/node/1234">Why Did Stalin Loved The Days of the Turbuns.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161101101748/https://www.chayka.org/node/1234">Archived</a> 1 November 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Почему Сталин любил спектакль «Дни Турбиных». Опубликовано: 15 октября 2006 г. </li> <li id="cite_note-stalin-s-secret-love-affair-with-the-white-guard_standard_co_uk-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stalin-s-secret-love-affair-with-the-white-guard_standard_co_uk_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stalin-s-secret-love-affair-with-the-white-guard_standard_co_uk_7-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.standard.co.uk/go/london/theatre/stalin-s-secret-love-affair-with-the-white-guard-6705761.html">Stalin’s secret love affair with The White Guard</a> Stalin’s secret love affair with The White Guard </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya19834-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya19834_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYanovskaya1983">Yanovskaya 1983</a>, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya19836–7-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya19836%E2%80%937_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYanovskaya1983">Yanovskaya 1983</a>, pp. 6–7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBulgakovaLyandres198842-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBulgakovaLyandres198842_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBulgakovaLyandres198842_10-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBulgakovaLyandres1988">Bulgakova & Lyandres 1988</a>, p. 42. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya19839-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya19839_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYanovskaya1983">Yanovskaya 1983</a>, p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChudakova202332-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChudakova202332_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChudakova2023">Chudakova 2023</a>, p. 32. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChudakova202331–32-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChudakova202331%E2%80%9332_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChudakova202331%E2%80%9332_13-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFChudakova2023">Chudakova 2023</a>, pp. 31–32. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBulgakovaLyandres198841-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBulgakovaLyandres198841_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBulgakovaLyandres1988">Bulgakova & Lyandres 1988</a>, p. 41. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya19835–6-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya19835%E2%80%936_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYanovskaya1983">Yanovskaya 1983</a>, pp. 5–6. </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaber1998" class="citation book cs1">Haber, Edythe C. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aAYOu62zcVUC&q=tartar">Mikhail Bulgakov: The Early Years</a>. Harvard University Press. p. 70. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-57418-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-57418-2"><bdi>978-0-674-57418-2</bdi></a>. Retrieved 19 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mikhail+Bulgakov%3A+The+Early+Years&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-674-57418-2&rft.aulast=Haber&rft.aufirst=Edythe+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaAYOu62zcVUC%26q%3Dtartar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMikhail+Bulgakov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya19836-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya19836_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYanovskaya1983">Yanovskaya 1983</a>, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya19837-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya19837_18-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYanovskaya1983">Yanovskaya 1983</a>, p. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECurtis20191–2-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurtis20191%E2%80%932_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCurtis2019">Curtis 2019</a>, pp. 1–2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChudakova202332–33-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChudakova202332%E2%80%9333_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChudakova2023">Chudakova 2023</a>, pp. 32–33. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198317-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198317_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYanovskaya1983">Yanovskaya 1983</a>, p. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-timeline-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-timeline_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeline_22-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeline_22-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeline_22-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeline_22-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeline_22-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111009010439/http://www.m-a-bulgakov.ru/hronika.html">"Bulgakov timeline /Краткая хроника жизни и творчества М.А.Булгакова"</a>. www.m-a-bulgakov.ru. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.m-a-bulgakov.ru/hronika.html">the original</a> on 9 October 2011. Retrieved 10 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bulgakov+timeline+%2F%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%9C.%D0%90.%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.pub=www.m-a-bulgakov.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.m-a-bulgakov.ru%2Fhronika.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMikhail+Bulgakov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChudakova202355–56-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChudakova202355%E2%80%9356_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChudakova2023">Chudakova 2023</a>, pp. 55–56. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBulgakovaLyandres1988109-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBulgakovaLyandres1988109_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBulgakovaLyandres1988">Bulgakova & Lyandres 1988</a>, p. 109. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChudakova202364-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChudakova202364_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChudakova2023">Chudakova 2023</a>, p. 64. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChudakova202368-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChudakova202368_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChudakova202368_26-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFChudakova2023">Chudakova 2023</a>, p. 68. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198327-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198327_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198327_27-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFYanovskaya1983">Yanovskaya 1983</a>, p. 27. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChudakova202371-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChudakova202371_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChudakova2023">Chudakova 2023</a>, p. 71. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198328-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198328_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198328_29-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFYanovskaya1983">Yanovskaya 1983</a>, p. 28. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChudakova202371–72-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChudakova202371%E2%80%9372_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChudakova2023">Chudakova 2023</a>, pp. 71–72. </li> <li id="cite_note-congress-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-congress_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-congress_31-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-congress_31-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-congress_31-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-congress_31-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-congress_31-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-congress_31-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-congress_31-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-congress_31-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-congress_31-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-congress_31-10">k</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatherine_Konchakovska_and_Bohdan_Yasinsky1998" class="citation web cs1">Katherine Konchakovska and Bohdan Yasinsky (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/european/bulgaklc.html">"Mikhail Bulgakov in the Western World: A Bibliography"</a>. Library of Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110926205804/http://www.loc.gov/rr/european/bulgaklc.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2011. Retrieved 10 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mikhail+Bulgakov+in+the+Western+World%3A+A+Bibliography&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft.date=1998&rft.au=Katherine+Konchakovska+and+Bohdan+Yasinsky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Frr%2Feuropean%2Fbulgaklc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMikhail+Bulgakov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBulgakovaLyandres1988112-32"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBulgakovaLyandres1988112_32-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBulgakovaLyandres1988">Bulgakova & Lyandres 1988</a>, p. 112. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198328–29-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198328%E2%80%9329_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYanovskaya1983">Yanovskaya 1983</a>, p. 28–29. </li> <li id="cite_note-criticallives-34"><a href="#cite_ref-criticallives_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurtis2017" class="citation book cs1">Curtis, J.A.E. (2017). Critical Lives: Mikhail Bulgakov. United Kingdom: Reaktion Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78023-741-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78023-741-1"><bdi>978-1-78023-741-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Critical+Lives%3A+Mikhail+Bulgakov&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-78023-741-1&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.aufirst=J.A.E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMikhail+Bulgakov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198329–30-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198329%E2%80%9330_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYanovskaya1983">Yanovskaya 1983</a>, pp. 29–30. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198330–31-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198330%E2%80%9331_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYanovskaya1983">Yanovskaya 1983</a>, pp. 30–31. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChudakova2019" class="citation book cs1">Chudakova, Marietta (2019). Mikhail Bulgakov: the Life and Times. Glagoslav Publications. pp. 74–79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78437-981-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78437-981-0"><bdi>978-1-78437-981-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mikhail+Bulgakov%3A+the+Life+and+Times&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E74-%3C%2Fspan%3E79&rft.pub=Glagoslav+Publications&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-78437-981-0&rft.aulast=Chudakova&rft.aufirst=Marietta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMikhail+Bulgakov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198332-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198332_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYanovskaya1983">Yanovskaya 1983</a>, p. 32. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198346–48-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198346%E2%80%9348_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYanovskaya1983">Yanovskaya 1983</a>, pp. 46–48. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198349-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198349_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYanovskaya1983">Yanovskaya 1983</a>, p. 49. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> Vilensky, Yu, G., Bulgakov's doctor (1991) T. I. Borisova (ed.) Kiev. Zdorovie. pp. 99–103. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-311-00639-0" title="Special:BookSources/5-311-00639-0">5-311-00639-0</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChudakova202360-42"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChudakova202360_42-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChudakova2023">Chudakova 2023</a>, p. 60. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBulgakovaLyandres1988114-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBulgakovaLyandres1988114_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBulgakovaLyandres1988114_43-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBulgakovaLyandres1988">Bulgakova & Lyandres 1988</a>, p. 114. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198345-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYanovskaya198345_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYanovskaya1983">Yanovskaya 1983</a>, p. 45. </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Simon_Sebag_Montefiore" title="Simon Sebag Montefiore">Simon Sebag Montefiore</a>, p. 110. swedish edition of Stalin: The Red Tsar and His Court. </li> <li id="cite_note-Bulgakov's_first_work_britannika-46"><a href="#cite_ref-Bulgakov's_first_work_britannika_46-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mikhail-Bulgakov">Mikhail Bulgakov's biography on britannica</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210402174117/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mikhail-Bulgakov">Archived</a> 2 April 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Bulgakov's first work was Belaya gvardiya (The White Guard) </li> <li id="cite_note-letter-47"><a href="#cite_ref-letter_47-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lib.ru/BULGAKOW/b_letter.txt"><bdi lang="ru">Михаил Афанасьевич Булгаков. Письмо правительству СССР</bdi></a> (in Russian). lib.ru/Новый мир, 1987, N8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191031233327/http://lib.ru/BULGAKOW/b_letter.txt">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.+%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83+%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0&rft.pub=lib.ru%2F%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%2C+1987%2C+N8.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flib.ru%2FBULGAKOW%2Fb_letter.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMikhail+Bulgakov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-az_lib_batum-48"><a href="#cite_ref-az_lib_batum_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lib.ru/BULGAKOW/batum.txt">"Батум. Комментарии"</a>. lib.ru. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191112122007/http://lib.ru/BULGAKOW/batum.txt">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC.+%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.pub=lib.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flib.ru%2FBULGAKOW%2Fbatum.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMikhail+Bulgakov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZilbersteinMaorBaskinD'Amato2016" class="citation journal cs1">Zilberstein, Gleb; Maor, Uriel; Baskin, Emmanuil; D'Amato, Alfonsina; Righetti, Pier Giorgio (2016). "Unearthing Bulgakov's trace proteome from the Master i Margarita manuscript". Journal of Proteomics. 152: 102–108. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jprot.2016.10.019">10.1016/j.jprot.2016.10.019</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27989937">27989937</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Proteomics&rft.atitle=Unearthing+Bulgakov%27s+trace+proteome+from+the+Master+i+Margarita+manuscript&rft.volume=152&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E102-%3C%2Fspan%3E108&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jprot.2016.10.019&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27989937&rft.aulast=Zilberstein&rft.aufirst=Gleb&rft.au=Maor%2C+Uriel&rft.au=Baskin%2C+Emmanuil&rft.au=D%27Amato%2C+Alfonsina&rft.au=Righetti%2C+Pier+Giorgio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMikhail+Bulgakov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBulgakovaLyandres19887-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBulgakovaLyandres19887_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBulgakovaLyandres1988">Bulgakova & Lyandres 1988</a>, p. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-lit-arts-med-db-51"><a href="#cite_ref-lit-arts-med-db_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoulehan1999" class="citation web cs1">Coulehan, Jack (9 November 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://litmed.med.nyu.edu/Annotation?action=view&annid=207">"Literature Annotations: Bulgakov, Mikhail – A Country Doctor's Notebook"</a>. Literature Arts and Medicine Database. <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100610141408/http://litmed.med.nyu.edu/Annotation?action=view&annid=207">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2010. Retrieved 11 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Literature+Arts+and+Medicine+Database&rft.atitle=Literature+Annotations%3A+Bulgakov%2C+Mikhail+%E2%80%93+A+Country+Doctor%27s+Notebook&rft.date=1999-11-09&rft.aulast=Coulehan&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flitmed.med.nyu.edu%2FAnnotation%3Faction%3Dview%26annid%3D207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMikhail+Bulgakov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> Inna Konchakovskaia (1902–85) a daughter of the owner (who had become a hero of Bulgakov's novel) and niece of composer <a href="/wiki/Witold_Maliszewski" title="Witold Maliszewski">Witold Maliszewski</a> preserved the house during hard soviet times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.day.kiev.ua/en/article/culture/ukrainian-page-maestro-maliszewski">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140515020245/http://www.day.kiev.ua/en/article/culture/ukrainian-page-maestro-maliszewski">Archived</a> 15 May 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> Stephen, Chris (5 February 2005). "Devil-worshippers target famous writer's Moscow flat". The Irish Times. Page 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmadel,_Lutz2003" class="citation book cs1">Schmadel, Lutz (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&q=3461+Mandelshtam+1977">Dictionary of Minor Planet Names</a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783540002383" title="Special:BookSources/9783540002383"><bdi>9783540002383</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Minor+Planet+Names&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9783540002383&rft.au=Schmadel%2C+Lutz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fhl%3Den%26q%3D3461%2BMandelshtam%2B1977&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMikhail+Bulgakov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLesley_Milne1995" class="citation book cs1">Lesley Milne, ed. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=olP1WooscOEC&q=Salman+Rushdie+%27%27The+Master+and+Margarita%27%27+satanic&pg=PA232">Bulgakov: the novelist-playwright</a>. Routledge. p. 232. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7186-5619-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7186-5619-6"><bdi>978-3-7186-5619-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bulgakov%3A+the+novelist-playwright&rft.pages=232&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-3-7186-5619-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DolP1WooscOEC%26q%3DSalman%2BRushdie%2B%2527%2527The%2BMaster%2Band%2BMargarita%2527%2527%2Bsatanic%26pg%3DPA232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMikhail+Bulgakov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGittins2021" class="citation news cs1">Gittins, Ian (9 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ig.ft.com/life-of-a-song/sympathy-for-the-devil.html">"Sympathy for the Devil — when Mick Jagger dabbled in the occult"</a>. Financial Times. Retrieved 21 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Sympathy+for+the+Devil+%E2%80%94+when+Mick+Jagger+dabbled+in+the+occult&rft.date=2021-08-09&rft.aulast=Gittins&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fig.ft.com%2Flife-of-a-song%2Fsympathy-for-the-devil.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMikhail+Bulgakov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pearl_Jam_FAQ-58"><a href="#cite_ref-Pearl_Jam_FAQ_58-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarkinsCorbett2016" class="citation book cs1">Harkins, Thomas; Corbett, Bernard (2016). Pearl Jam FAQ: All That's Left to Know About Seattle's Most Enduring Band. Hal Leonard Corporation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pearl+Jam+FAQ%3A+All+That%27s+Left+to+Know+About+Seattle%27s+Most+Enduring+Band&rft.pub=Hal+Leonard+Corporation&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Harkins&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Corbett%2C+Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMikhail+Bulgakov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kinopoisk.ru/top/lists/184/">Soviet box office leaders</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171002003153/https://www.kinopoisk.ru/top/lists/184/">Archived</a> 2 October 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at <a href="/wiki/KinoPoisk" class="mw-redirect" title="KinoPoisk">KinoPoisk</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mignews.com/news/interview/cis/180206_192635_56773.html">Vladimir Bortko about The Master and Margarita</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200224091611/http://mignews.com/news/interview/cis/180206_192635_56773.html">Archived</a> 24 February 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> interview to the MIGNnews.com website (in Russian) </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://themoscowtimes.com/news/ukraine-bans-russian-films-for-distorting-historical-facts-37767">Ukraine Bans Russian Films for Distorting Historical Facts</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161211112002/https://themoscowtimes.com/news/ukraine-bans-russian-films-for-distorting-historical-facts-37767">Archived</a> 11 December 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow Times">Moscow Times</a>, 29 July 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-google-62"><a href="#cite_ref-google_62-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson,_A.B.1911" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, A.B. (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QeFaAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA570">Surgical Diagnosis</a>. Vol. 1. D. Appleton. p. 570. Retrieved 6 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Surgical+Diagnosis&rft.pages=570&rft.pub=D.+Appleton&rft.date=1911&rft.au=Johnson%2C+A.B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQeFaAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA570&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMikhail+Bulgakov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-google2-63"><a href="#cite_ref-google2_63-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilne,_L.1990" class="citation book cs1">Milne, L. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sC8FKXBgrkgC&pg=PA136">Mikhail Bulgakov: A Critical Biography</a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 136. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521227285" title="Special:BookSources/9780521227285"><bdi>9780521227285</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mikhail+Bulgakov%3A+A+Critical+Biography&rft.pages=136&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780521227285&rft.au=Milne%2C+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsC8FKXBgrkgC%26pg%3DPA136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMikhail+Bulgakov" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources_referenced">Sources referenced</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Sources referenced" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBulgakovaLyandres1988" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bulgakova, Elena; Lyandres, Semyon, eds. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/embed/1988_20220923">Воспоминания о Михаиле Булгакове</a> [Memories of Mikhail Bulgakov] (in Russian). Sovetsky Pisatel. Retrieved 6 January 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BE+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5+%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5&rft.pub=Sovetsky+Pisatel&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fembed%2F1988_20220923&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMikhail+Bulgakov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChudakova2023" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Marietta_Chudakova" title="Marietta Chudakova">Chudakova, Marietta</a> (2023). Жизнеописание Михаила Булгакова [The Life and Times of Mikhail Bulgakov] (in Russian). Moscow: Azbuka-Atticus Publishing Group LLC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pub=Azbuka-Atticus+Publishing+Group+LLC&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Chudakova&rft.aufirst=Marietta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMikhail+Bulgakov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurtis2019" class="citation book cs1">Curtis, Julie A. E. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781644690796/html">A reader's companion to Mikhail Bulgakov's The master and Margarita</a>. Boston (Mass.): Academic Studies Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9781644690796">10.1515/9781644690796</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781644690796" title="Special:BookSources/9781644690796"><bdi>9781644690796</bdi></a>. Retrieved 4 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+reader%27s+companion+to+Mikhail+Bulgakov%27s+The+master+and+Margarita&rft.place=Boston+%28Mass.%29&rft.pub=Academic+Studies+Press&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9781644690796&rft.isbn=9781644690796&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.aufirst=Julie+A.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2F9781644690796%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMikhail+Bulgakov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYanovskaya1983" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Yanovskaya, Lidiya (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/embed/1983_20240528_202405">Творческий путь Михаила Булгакова</a> [The Creative Path of Mikhail Bulgakov] (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Sovetsky_Pisatel" title="Sovetsky Pisatel">Sovetsky Pisatel</a> – via Archive.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.pub=Sovetsky+Pisatel&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Yanovskaya&rft.aufirst=Lidiya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fembed%2F1983_20240528_202405&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMikhail+Bulgakov" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul><li>Voronina, Olga G., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mhra.org.uk/publications/Depicting-Divine">Depicting the Divine: Mikhail Bulgakov and Thomas Mann</a>, Studies In Comparative Literature, 47 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2019).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:10059/SOURCE02">Townsend, Dorian Aleksandra, From Upyr' to Vampire: The Slavic Vampire Myth in Russian Literature, Ph.D. Dissertation, School of German and Russian Studies, Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences, University of New South Wales, May 2011.</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biographies_of_Bulgakov">Biographies of Bulgakov</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Biographies of Bulgakov" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marietta_Chudakova" title="Marietta Chudakova">Chudakova, Marietta</a>. 2019, Mikhail Bulgakov: the Life and Times. Glagoslav Publications.</li> <li>Curtis, J.A.E., 2017. Critical Lives. Reaktion Books</li> <li>Michalopoulos, Dimitris, 2014, Russia under Communism: Bulgakov, his Life and his Book, Saarbruecken: Lambert Academic Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-659-53121-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-659-53121-7">978-3-659-53121-7</a></li> <li>Drawitz, Andrzey 2001. The Master and the Devil. transl. Kevin Windle, New York: Edwin Mellen.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edythe_Haber" title="Edythe Haber">Haber, Edythe C</a>. 1998. Mikhail Bulgakov, the early years. Harvard University Press.</li> <li>Milne, Leslie 1990. Mikhail Bulgakov: a critical biography. Cambridge University *Press.</li> <li>Proffer, Ellendea 1984. Bulgakov: life and work. Ann Arbor: Ardis.</li> <li>Proffer, Ellendea 1984. A pictorial biography of Mikhail Bulgakov. Ann Arbor: Ardis.</li> <li>Wright, Colin 1978. Mikhail Bulgakov: life and interpretation. University of Toronto Press.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Letters,_memoirs">Letters, memoirs</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Letters, memoirs" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>Belozerskaya-Bulgakova, Lyubov 1983. My life with Mikhail Bulgakov. transl. Margareta Thompson, Ann Arbor: Ardis.</li> <li>Cockrell, Roger. 2013. Diaries and Selected Letters. transl. Roger Cockrell. United Kingdom: Alma Classics. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1847496058" title="Special:BookSources/978-1847496058">978-1847496058</a></li> <li>Curtis J.A.E. 1991. Manuscripts don't burn: Mikhail Bulgakov: a life in letters and diaries. London: Bloomsbury.</li> <li>Vozvdvizhensky, Vyacheslav (ed) 1990. Mikhail Bulgakov and his times: memoirs, letters. transl. Liv Tudge, Moscow: Progress.</li> <li>Vanhellemont, Jan, 2020, The Master and Margarita - Annotations per chapter, Vanhellemont, Leuven, Belgium, 257 pp., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-081853-32-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-081853-32-3">978-9-081853-32-3</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.masterandmargarita.eu/en/10estore/bookse.html">https://www.masterandmargarita.eu/en/10estore/bookse.html</a> .</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mikhail_Bulgakov" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mikhail Bulgakov">Mikhail Bulgakov</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dostoevskiyfyodor.ru/bulgakovmikhail/">Mikhail Bulgakov books and audiobooks in Russian language (Original)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Bulgakov%2C%20Mikhail%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Mikhail%20Bulgakov%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Bulgakov%2C%20Mikhail%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Mikhail%20Bulgakov%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Bulgakov%2C%20M%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Mikhail%20Bulgakov%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Bulgakov%2C%20Mikhail%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Mikhail%20Bulgakov%22%29%20OR%20%28%221891-1940%22%20AND%20Bulgakov%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Mikhail Bulgakov</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110606093139/http://lib.ru/BULGAKOW/master97_engl.txt">Full English text of The Master and Margarita</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110428194011/http://lib.ru/BULGAKOW/dogheart_engl.txt">Full English text of The Heart of a Dog</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lib.ru/BULGAKOW/eggs_engl.txt">Full English text of The Fatal Eggs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://russiasgreatwar.org/media/culture/bulgakov.shtml">Full English translation of "Future Prospects" and "In the Café"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.masterandmargarita.eu/">Master and Margarita</a> profile and resources</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hedges" title="Chris Hedges">Chris Hedges</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/welcome_to_satans_ball_20140309">Welcome to Satan's Ball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Truthdig" title="Truthdig">Truthdig</a>, 10 March 2014. A comparison of the Soviet society described in Master and Margarita and modern society in the United States and Russia</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/european/bulgaklc.html">Mikhail Bulgakov in the Western World: A Bibliography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>, European Reading Room</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sovlit.net/gudok/">"Remembering Gudok" by M.Bulgakov.</a> {from SovLit.net}</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0119888/">Mikhail A. Bulgakov</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/n79056735">Mikhail Bulgakov</a> at <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>, with 180 library catalogue records</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&oldid=1267962226">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&oldid=1267962226</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bulgakov&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 7 January 2025, at 14:27 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michail_Boelgakof" title="Michail Boelgakof – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Michail Boelgakof" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Булгаков, Михаил Афанасьевич – Southern Altai" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Булгаков, Михаил Афанасьевич" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Southern Altai" class="interlanguage-link-target">Алтай тил</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%88%D9%81" title="ميخائيل بولغاكوف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميخائيل بولغاكوف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michail_Bulgakov" title="Michail Bulgakov – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Michail Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikha%C3%ADl_Bulg%C3%A1kov" title="Mikhaíl Bulgákov – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mikhaíl Bulgákov" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixail_Bulqakov" title="Mixail Bulqakov – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mixail Bulqakov" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%81" title="میخائیل بولقاکف – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="میخائیل بولقاکف" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Булгаков Михаил Афанасьевич – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Булгаков Михаил Афанасьевич" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BB_%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Міхаіл Афанасьевіч Булгакаў – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Міхаіл Афанасьевіч Булгакаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BB_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Міхаіл Булгакаў – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Міхаіл Булгакаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Михаил Булгаков – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Михаил Булгаков" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihail_Bulgakov" title="Mihail Bulgakov – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mihail Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikha%C3%AFl_Bulg%C3%A0kov" title="Mikhaïl Bulgàkov – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mikhaïl Bulgàkov" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michail_Bulgakov" title="Michail Bulgakov – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Michail Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mikhail Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michail_Afanassjewitsch_Bulgakow" title="Michail Afanassjewitsch Bulgakow – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Michail Afanassjewitsch Bulgakow" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihhail_Bulgakov" title="Mihhail Bulgakov – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mihhail Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%AE%CE%BB_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%86" title="Μιχαήλ Μπουλγκάκοφ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μιχαήλ Μπουλγκάκοφ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mija%C3%ADl_Bulg%C3%A1kov" title="Mijaíl Bulgákov – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mijaíl Bulgákov" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%A5ail_Bulgakov" title="Miĥail Bulgakov – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Miĥail Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mikhail Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%81" title="میخائیل بولگاکف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میخائیل بولگاکف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikha%C3%AFl_Boulgakov" title="Mikhaïl Boulgakov – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mikhaïl Boulgakov" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michail_B%C3%BBlgakov" title="Michail Bûlgakov – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Michail Bûlgakov" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Mikhail Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mikhail Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%ED%95%98%EC%9D%BC_%EB%B6%88%EA%B0%80%EC%BD%94%ED%94%84" title="미하일 불가코프 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미하일 불가코프" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%AC_%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%BE" title="Միխայիլ Բուլգակով – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միխայիլ Բուլգակով" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5" title="मिख़ाइल बुल्गाकोव – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मिख़ाइल बुल्गाकोव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michail_Afanasjewi%C4%8D_Bulgakow" title="Michail Afanasjewič Bulgakow – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Michail Afanasjewič Bulgakow" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihail_Bulgakov" title="Mihail Bulgakov – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mihail Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihail_Afanasyevich_Bulgakov" title="Mihail Afanasyevich Bulgakov – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mihail Afanasyevich Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mikhail Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mikhail Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%8B_%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%82" title="Булгаков, Михаил Афанасийы фырт – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Булгаков, Михаил Афанасийы фырт" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ADkha%C3%ADl_B%C3%BAlgakov" title="Míkhaíl Búlgakov – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Míkhaíl Búlgakov" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michail_Afanas%27evi%C4%8D_Bulgakov" title="Michail Afanas'evič Bulgakov – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Michail Afanas'evič Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91" title="מיכאיל בולגקוב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מיכאיל בולגקוב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Mikhail Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="მიხეილ ბულგაკოვი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მიხეილ ბულგაკოვი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Михаил Афанасьевич Булгаков – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Михаил Афанасьевич Булгаков" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Mikhail Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AExa%C3%AEl_B%C3%BBlgakov" title="Mîxaîl Bûlgakov – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mîxaîl Bûlgakov" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Михаил Булгаков – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Михаил Булгаков" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bulgakov" title="Michael Bulgakov – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Michael Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihails_Bulgakovs" title="Mihails Bulgakovs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mihails Bulgakovs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michailas_Bulgakovas" title="Michailas Bulgakovas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Michailas Bulgakovas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihail_Afanaszjevics_Bulgakov" title="Mihail Afanaszjevics Bulgakov – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mihail Afanaszjevics Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Михаил Булгаков – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Михаил Булгаков" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mikhail Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D" title="മിഖേൽ ബുൾഗാക്കോവ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മിഖേൽ ബുൾഗാക്കോവ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9" title="मिखाइल बुल्गाकोव्ह – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मिखाइल बुल्गाकोव्ह" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="მიხეილ ბულგაკოვი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მიხეილ ბულგაკოვი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%88%D9%81" title="ميخائيل بولجاكوف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ميخائيل بولجاكوف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%81" title="میخائیل بولگاکف – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="میخائیل بولگاکف" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Михаил Булгаков – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Михаил Булгаков" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michail_Boelgakov" title="Michail Boelgakov – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Michail Boelgakov" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B3%E3%83%95" title="ミハイル・ブルガーコフ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミハイル・ブルガーコフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Булгаков, Михаил Афанасьевич – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Булгаков, Михаил Афанасьевич" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mikhail Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mikhail Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixail_Bulgakov" title="Mixail Bulgakov – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mixail Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B5" title="ਮਿਖਾਇਲ ਬੁਲਗਾਕੋਵ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਿਖਾਇਲ ਬੁਲਗਾਕੋਵ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michail_Bulgakov" title="Michail Bulgakov – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Michail Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michai%C5%82_Bu%C5%82hakow" title="Michaił Bułhakow – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Michaił Bułhakow" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bulg%C3%A1kov" title="Mikhail Bulgákov – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mikhail Bulgákov" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihail_Bulgakov" title="Mihail Bulgakov – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mihail Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Булгаков, Михаил Афанасьевич – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Булгаков, Михаил Афанасьевич" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michail_Bulgakov" title="Michail Bulgakov – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Michail Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihail_Bulgakov" title="Mihail Bulgakov – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mihail Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michail_Bulgakov" title="Michail Bulgakov – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Michail Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mikhail Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michail_Afanasievi%C4%8D_Bulgakov" title="Michail Afanasievič Bulgakov – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Michail Afanasievič Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihail_Afanasjevi%C4%8D_Bulgakov" title="Mihail Afanasjevič Bulgakov – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mihail Afanasjevič Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%A8%DB%86%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%86%DA%A4" title="میخائیل بۆلگاکۆڤ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="میخائیل بۆلگاکۆڤ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Михаил Булгаков – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Михаил Булгаков" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihail_Bulgakov" title="Mihail Bulgakov – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mihail Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihail_Bulgakov" title="Mihail Bulgakov – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mihail Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michail_Bulgakov" title="Michail Bulgakov – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Michail Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Михаил Булгаков – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Михаил Булгаков" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Михаил Булгаков – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Михаил Булгаков" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihail_Bulgakov" title="Mihail Bulgakov – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mihail Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Булгаков, Михаил Афанасьевич – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Булгаков, Михаил Афанасьевич" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Булгаков Михайло Опанасович – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Булгаков Михайло Опанасович" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Afanasievich_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Afanasievich Bulgakov – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mikhail Afanasievich Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mikhail Bulgakov" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%B3%95%E7%BA%B3%E8%A5%BF%E8%80%B6%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%A0%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB" title="米哈伊尔·阿法纳西耶维奇·布尔加科夫 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="米哈伊尔·阿法纳西耶维奇·布尔加科夫" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AE%91%E5%8A%A0%E5%8F%AF%E5%A4%AB" title="鮑加可夫 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鮑加可夫" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%B3%95%E7%BA%B3%E8%A5%BF%E8%80%B6%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%A0%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB" title="米哈伊尔·阿法纳西耶维奇·布尔加科夫 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="米哈伊尔·阿法纳西耶维奇·布尔加科夫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 7 January 2025, at 14:27 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a 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