CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: junction temperature</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: junction temperature"> <meta name="keywords" content="junction temperature"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="junction temperature" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="junction temperature"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2594</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: junction temperature</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2594</span> Monitorization of Junction Temperature Using a Thermal-Test-Device</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20Arzhanov">B. Arzhanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Correia"> A. Correia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Delgado"> P. Delgado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Meireles"> J. Meireles</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Due to the higher power loss levels in electronic components, the thermal design of PCBs (Printed Circuit Boards) of an assembled device becomes one of the most important quality factors in electronics. Nonetheless, some of leading causes of the microelectronic component failures are due to higher temperatures, the leakages or thermal-mechanical stress, which is a concern, is the reliability of microelectronic packages. This article presents an experimental approach to measure the junction temperature of exposed pad packages. The implemented solution is in a prototype phase, using a temperature-sensitive parameter (TSP) to measure temperature directly on the die, validating the numeric results provided by the Mechanical APDL (<em>Ansys</em> Parametric Design Language) under same conditions. The physical device-under-test is composed by a Thermal Test Chip (TTC-1002) and assembly in a QFN cavity, soldered to a test-board according to JEDEC Standards. Monitoring the voltage drop across a forward-biased diode, is an indirectly method but accurate to obtain the junction temperature of QFN component with an applied power range between 0,3W to 1.5W. The temperature distributions on the PCB test-board and QFN cavity surface were monitored by an infra-red thermal camera (Goby-384) controlled and images processed by the <em>Xeneth</em> software. The article provides a set-up to monitorize in real-time the junction temperature of ICs, namely devices with the exposed pad package (i.e. QFN). Presenting the PCB layout parameters that the designer should use to improve thermal performance, and evaluate the impact of voids in solder interface in the device junction temperature.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Quad%20Flat%20No-Lead%20packages" title="Quad Flat No-Lead packages">Quad Flat No-Lead packages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=exposed%20pads" title=" exposed pads"> exposed pads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=junction%20temperature" title=" junction temperature"> junction temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermal%20management" title=" thermal management"> thermal management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=measurements." title=" measurements."> measurements.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003904/monitorization-of-junction-temperature-using-a-thermal-test-device" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003904/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003904/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003904/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003904/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003904/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003904/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003904/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003904/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003904/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003904/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003904.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1711</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2593</span> Physical Parameters for Reliability Evaluation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tazibt%20W.">Tazibt W.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mialhe%20P."> Mialhe P.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper presents ageing experiments controlled by the evolution of junction parameters. The deterioration of the device is related to high injection effects which modified the transport mechanisms in the space charge region of the junction. Physical phenomena linked to the degradation of junction parameters that affect the devices reliability are reported and discussed. We have used the method based on numerical analysis of experimental current-voltage characteristic of the junction, in order to extract the electrical parameters. The simultaneous follow-up of the evolutions of the series resistance and of the transition voltage allow us to introduce a new parameter for reliability evaluation.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=High%20injection" title="High injection">High injection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=junction" title=" junction"> junction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=parameters" title=" parameters"> parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3140/physical-parameters-for-reliability-evaluation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3140/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3140/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3140/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3140/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3140/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3140/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3140/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3140/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3140/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3140/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3140.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2592</span> Dissimilar Materials Joint and Effect of Angle Junction on Stress Distribution at Interface</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ali%20Baladi">Ali Baladi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alireza%20Fallahi%20Arezoodar"> Alireza Fallahi Arezoodar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> in dissimilar material joints, failure often occurs along the interface between two materials due to stress singularity. Stress distribution and its concentration depend on materials and geometry of the junction. Inhomogenity of stress distribution at the interface of junction of two materials with different elastic modules and stress concentration in this zone are the main factors resulting in rupture of the junction. Effect of joining angle in the interface of aluminum-polycarbonate will be discussed in this paper. Computer simulation and finite element analysis by ABAQUS showed that convex interfacial joint leads to stress reduction at junction corners in compare with straight joint. This finding is confirmed by photoelastic experimental results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Elastic%20Modules" title="Elastic Modules">Elastic Modules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Stress%20Concentration" title=" Stress Concentration"> Stress Concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=JoiningAngle" title=" JoiningAngle"> JoiningAngle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Photoelastic." title=" Photoelastic."> Photoelastic.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4198/dissimilar-materials-joint-and-effect-of-angle-junction-on-stress-distribution-at-interface" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4198/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4198/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4198/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4198/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4198/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4198/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4198/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4198/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4198/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4198/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4198.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2591</span> Theory of Nanowire Radial p-n-Junction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Stepan%20Petrosyan">Stepan Petrosyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ashkhen%20Yesayan"> Ashkhen Yesayan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Suren%20Nersesyan"> Suren Nersesyan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have developed an analytic model for the radial pn-junction in a nanowire (NW) core-shell structure utilizing as a new building block in different semiconductor devices. The potential distribution through the p-n-junction is calculated and the analytical expressions are derived to compute the depletion region widths. We show that the widths of space charge layers, surrounding the core, are the functions of core radius, which is the manifestation of so called classical size effect. The relationship between the depletion layer width and the built-in potential in the asymptotes of infinitely large core radius transforms to square-root dependence specific for conventional planar p-n-junctions. The explicit equation is derived to compute the capacitance of radial p-n-junction. The current-voltage behavior is also carefully determined taking into account the “short base" effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Snanowire" title="Snanowire">Snanowire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=p-n-%20junction" title=" p-n- junction"> p-n- junction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=barrier%20capacitance" title=" barrier capacitance"> barrier capacitance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=high%20injection." title=" high injection."> high injection.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11393/theory-of-nanowire-radial-p-n-junction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11393/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11393/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11393/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11393/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11393/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11393/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11393/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11393/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11393/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11393/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11393.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2787</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2590</span> Temperature Variation Effects on I-V Characteristics of Cu-Phthalocyanine based OFET</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Q.%20Zafar">Q. Zafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Akram"> R. Akram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kh.S.%20Karimov"> Kh.S. Karimov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.A.%20Khan"> T.A. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Farooq"> M. Farooq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.M.%20Tahir"> M.M. Tahir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study we present the effect of elevated temperatures from 300K to 400K on the electrical properties of copper Phthalocyanine (CuPc) based organic field effect transistors (OFET). Thin films of organic semiconductor CuPc (40nm) and semitransparent Al (20nm) were deposited in sequence, by vacuum evaporation on a glass substrate with previously deposited Ag source and drain electrodes with a gap of 40 μm. Under resistive mode of operation, where gate was suspended it was observed that drain current of this organic field effect transistor (OFET) show an increase with temperature. While in grounded gate condition metal (aluminum) – semiconductor (Copper Phthalocyanine) Schottky junction dominated the output characteristics and device showed switching effect from low to high conduction states like Zener diode at higher bias voltages. This threshold voltage for switching effect has been found to be inversely proportional to temperature and shows an abrupt decrease after knee temperature of 360K. Change in dynamic resistance (Rd = dV/dI) with respect to temperature was observed to be -1%/K. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Copper%20Phthalocyanine" title="Copper Phthalocyanine">Copper Phthalocyanine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Metal-Semiconductor%0ASchottky%20Junction" title=" Metal-Semiconductor Schottky Junction"> Metal-Semiconductor Schottky Junction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Organic%20Field%20Effect%20Transistor" title=" Organic Field Effect Transistor"> Organic Field Effect Transistor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Switching%20effect" title=" Switching effect"> Switching effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Temperature%20Sensor" title=" Temperature Sensor"> Temperature Sensor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15695/temperature-variation-effects-on-i-v-characteristics-of-cu-phthalocyanine-based-ofet" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15695/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15695/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15695/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15695/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15695/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15695/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15695/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15695/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15695/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15695/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15695.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2579</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2589</span> Comparison between the Efficiency of Heterojunction Thin Film InGaP\GaAs\Ge and InGaP\GaAs Solar Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Djaafar">F. Djaafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20Hadri"> B. Hadri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Bachir"> G. Bachir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper presents the design parameters for a thin film 3J <em>InGaP/GaAs/Ge </em>solar cell with a simulated maximum efficiency of 32.11% using Tcad Silvaco. Design parameters include the doping concentration, molar fraction, layers’ thickness and tunnel junction characteristics. An initial dual junction InGaP/GaAs model of a previous published heterojunction cell was simulated in Tcad Silvaco to accurately predict solar cell performance. To improve the solar cell’s performance, we have fixed meshing, material properties, models and numerical methods. However, thickness and layer doping concentration were taken as variables. We, first simulate the InGaP\GaAs dual junction cell by changing the doping concentrations and thicknesses which showed an increase in efficiency. Next, a triple junction <em>InGaP/GaAs/Ge </em>cell was modeled by adding a Ge layer to the previous dual junction InGaP/GaAs model with an InGaP /GaAs tunnel junction.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Heterojunction" title="Heterojunction">Heterojunction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thin%20film" title=" thin film"> thin film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tcad%20Silvaco." title=" Tcad Silvaco."> Tcad Silvaco.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006842/comparison-between-the-efficiency-of-heterojunction-thin-film-ingapgaasge-and-ingapgaas-solar-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006842/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006842/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006842/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006842/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006842/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006842/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006842/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006842/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006842/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006842/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006842.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2588</span> A Three-Dimensional TLM Simulation Method for Thermal Effect in PV-Solar Cells </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Hocine">R. Hocine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Boudjemai"> A. Boudjemai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Amrani"> A. Amrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Belkacemi"> K. Belkacemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Temperature rising is a negative factor in almost all systems. It could cause by self heating or ambient temperature. In solar photovoltaic cells this temperature rising affects on the behavior of cells. The ability of a PV module to withstand the effects of periodic hot-spot heating that occurs when cells are operated under reverse biased conditions is closely related to the properties of the cell semi-conductor material.</p> <p>In addition, the thermal effect also influences the estimation of the maximum power point (MPP) and electrical parameters for the PV modules, such as maximum output power, maximum conversion efficiency, internal efficiency, reliability, and lifetime. The cells junction temperature is a critical parameter that significantly affects the electrical characteristics of PV modules. For practical applications of PV modules, it is very important to accurately estimate the junction temperature of PV modules and analyze the thermal characteristics of the PV modules. Once the temperature variation is taken into account, we can then acquire a more accurate MPP for the PV modules, and the maximum utilization efficiency of the PV modules can also be further achieved.</p> <p>In this paper, the three-Dimensional Transmission Line Matrix (3D-TLM) method was used to map the surface temperature distribution of solar cells while in the reverse bias mode. It was observed that some cells exhibited an inhomogeneity of the surface temperature resulting in localized heating (hot-spot). This hot-spot heating causes irreversible destruction of the solar cell structure. Hot spots can have a deleterious impact on the total solar modules if individual solar cells are heated. So, the results show clearly that the solar cells are capable of self-generating considerable amounts of heat that should be dissipated very quickly to increase PV module's lifetime.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thermal%20effect" title="Thermal effect">Thermal effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Conduction" title=" Conduction"> Conduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Heat%20dissipation" title=" Heat dissipation"> Heat dissipation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thermal%20conductivity" title=" Thermal conductivity"> Thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Solar%20cell" title=" Solar cell"> Solar cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=PV%20module" title=" PV module"> PV module</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nodes" title=" Nodes"> Nodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=3D-TLM." title=" 3D-TLM."> 3D-TLM.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998553/a-three-dimensional-tlm-simulation-method-for-thermal-effect-in-pv-solar-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998553/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998553/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998553/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998553/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998553/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998553/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998553/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998553/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998553/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998553/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998553.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2587</span> The Effect of a Graded Band Gap Window on the Performance of a Single Junction AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs Solar Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Morteza%20Fathipour">Morteza Fathipour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Atousa%20Elahidoost"> Atousa Elahidoost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alireza%20Mojab"> Alireza Mojab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vala%20Fathipour"> Vala Fathipour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have modeled the effect of a graded band gap window on the performance of a single junction AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs solar cell. First, we study the electrical characteristics of a single junction AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs solar cell, by employing an optimized structure for this solar cell, we show that grading the band gap of the window can increase the conversion efficiency of the solar cell by about 1.5%, and can also improve the quantum efficiency of the solar cell especially at shorter wavelengths. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Conversion%20efficiency" title="Conversion efficiency">Conversion efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Graded%20band%20gap%20window" title=" Graded band gap window"> Graded band gap window</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Quantum%20efficiency" title="Quantum efficiency">Quantum efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Single%20junction%20AlxGa1-xAs%2FGaAs%20solar%20cell" title=" Single junction AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs solar cell"> Single junction AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs solar cell</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9628/the-effect-of-a-graded-band-gap-window-on-the-performance-of-a-single-junction-alxga1-xasgaas-solar-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9628/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9628/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9628/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9628/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9628/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9628/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9628/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9628/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9628/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9628/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9628.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1956</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2586</span> Density Functional Calculations of 27Al, 11B,and 14N and NQR Parameters in the (6, 0) BN_AlN Nanotube Junction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Morteza%20Farahani">Morteza Farahani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Seif"> Ahmad Seif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Asadallah%20Boshra"> Asadallah Boshra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hossein%20Aghaie"> Hossein Aghaie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to calculate aluminum-27, boron-11, and nitrogen-14 quadrupole coupling constant (CQ) in the representative considered model of (6, 0) boron nitride-aluminum nitride nanotube junction (BN-AlNNT) for the first time. To this aim, 1.3 nm length of BNAlN consisting of 18 Al, 18 B, and 36 N atoms was selected where the end atoms capped by hydrogen atoms. The calculated CQ values for optimized BN-AlNNT system reveal different electrostatic environment in the mentioned system. The calculations were performed using the Gaussian 98 package of program.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nanotube%20Junction" title="Nanotube Junction">Nanotube Junction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Density%20functional" title=" Density functional"> Density functional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nuclear%20Quadrupole%20Resonance." title=" Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance."> Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10910/density-functional-calculations-of-27al-11band-14n-and-nqr-parameters-in-the-6-0-bn-aln-nanotube-junction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10910/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10910/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10910/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10910/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10910/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10910/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10910/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10910/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10910/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10910/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10910.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1721</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2585</span> Modeling and Validation of Microspheres Generation in the Modified T-Junction Device</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lei%20Lei">Lei Lei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hongbo%20Zhang"> Hongbo Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Donald%20J.%20Bergstrom"> Donald J. Bergstrom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bing%20Zhang"> Bing Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Y.%20Song"> K. Y. Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=W.%20J.%20Zhang"> W. J. Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper presents a model for a modified T-junction device for microspheres generation. The numerical model is developed using a commercial software package: COMSOL Multiphysics. In order to test the accuracy of the numerical model, multiple variables, such as the flow rate of cross-flow, fluid properties, structure, and geometry of the microdevice are applied. The results from the model are compared with the experimental results in the diameter of the microsphere generated. The comparison shows a good agreement. Therefore the model is useful in further optimization of the device and feedback control of microsphere generation if any.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CFD%20modeling" title="CFD modeling">CFD modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=validation" title=" validation"> validation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=microsphere%20generation" title=" microsphere generation"> microsphere generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=modified%20T-junction." title=" modified T-junction."> modified T-junction.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001241/modeling-and-validation-of-microspheres-generation-in-the-modified-t-junction-device" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001241/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001241/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001241/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001241/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001241/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001241/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001241/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001241/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001241/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001241/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001241.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2568</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2584</span> Thermal Evaluation of Printed Circuit Board Design Options and Voids in Solder Interface by a Simulation Tool</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20Arzhanov">B. Arzhanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Correia"> A. Correia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Delgado"> P. Delgado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Meireles"> J. Meireles</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quad Flat No-Lead (QFN) packages have become very popular for turners, converters and audio amplifiers, among others applications, needing efficient power dissipation in small footprints. Since semiconductor junction temperature (T<sub>J</sub>) is a critical parameter in the product quality. And to ensure that <em>die</em> temperature does not exceed the maximum allowable T<sub>J</sub>, a thermal analysis conducted in an earlier development phase is essential to avoid repeated re-designs process with huge losses in cost and time. A simulation tool capable to estimate <em>die</em> temperature of components with QFN package was developed. Allow establish a non-empirical way to define an acceptance criterion for amount of voids in solder interface between its exposed pad and Printed Circuit Board (PCB) to be applied during industrialization process, and evaluate the impact of PCB designs parameters. Targeting PCB layout designer as an end user for the application, a user-friendly interface (GUI) was implemented allowing user to introduce design parameters in a convenient and secure way and hiding all the complexity of finite element simulation process. This cost effective tool turns transparent a simulating process and provides useful outputs after acceptable time, which can be adopted by PCB designers, preventing potential risks during the design stage and make product economically efficient by not oversizing it. This article gathers relevant information related to the design and implementation of the developed tool, presenting a parametric study conducted with it. The simulation tool was experimentally validated using a Thermal-Test-Chip (TTC) in a QFN open-cavity, in order to measure junction temperature (T<sub>J</sub>) directly on the <em>die</em> under controlled and knowing conditions. Providing a short overview about standard thermal solutions and impacts in exposed pad packages (i.e. QFN), accurately describe the methods and techniques that the system designer should use to achieve optimum thermal performance, and demonstrate the effect of system-level constraints on the thermal performance of the design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Quad%20Flat%20No-Lead%20packages" title="Quad Flat No-Lead packages">Quad Flat No-Lead packages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=exposed%20pads" title=" exposed pads"> exposed pads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=junction%20temperature" title=" junction temperature"> junction temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermal%20management%20and%20measurements." title=" thermal management and measurements."> thermal management and measurements.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003817/thermal-evaluation-of-printed-circuit-board-design-options-and-voids-in-solder-interface-by-a-simulation-tool" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003817/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003817/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003817/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003817/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003817/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003817/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003817/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003817/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003817/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003817/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003817.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1928</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2583</span> Determination of the Pullout/Holding Strength at the Taper-Trunnion Junction of Hip Implants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Obinna%20K.%20Ihesiulor">Obinna K. Ihesiulor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Krishna%20Shankar"> Krishna Shankar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Paul%20Smith"> Paul Smith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alan%20Fien"> Alan Fien</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Excessive fretting wear at the taper-trunnion junction (trunnionosis) apparently contributes to the high failure rates of hip implants. Implant wear and corrosion lead to the release of metal particulate debris and subsequent release of metal ions at the tapertrunnion surface. This results in a type of metal poisoning referred to as metallosis. The consequences of metal poisoning include; osteolysis (bone loss), osteoarthritis (pain), aseptic loosening of the prosthesis and revision surgery. Follow up after revision surgery, metal debris particles are commonly found in numerous locations. Background: A stable connection between the femoral ball head (taper) and stem (trunnion) is necessary to prevent relative motions and corrosion at the taper junction. Hence, the importance of component assembly cannot be over-emphasized. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the influence of head-stem junction assembly by press fitting and the subsequent disengagement/disassembly on the connection strength between the taper ball head and stem. Methods: CoCr femoral heads were assembled with High stainless hydrogen steel stem (trunnion) by Push-in i.e. press fit; and disengaged by pull-out test. The strength and stability of the two connections were evaluated by measuring the head pull-out forces according to ISO 7206-10 standards. Findings: The head-stem junction strength linearly increases with assembly forces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wear" title="Wear">Wear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=modular%20hip%20prosthesis" title=" modular hip prosthesis"> modular hip prosthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=taper%20head-stem" title=" taper head-stem"> taper head-stem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=force%0D%0Aassembly" title=" force assembly"> force assembly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=force%20disassembly." title=" force disassembly."> force disassembly.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002891/determination-of-the-pulloutholding-strength-at-the-taper-trunnion-junction-of-hip-implants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002891/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002891/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002891/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002891/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002891/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002891/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002891/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002891/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002891/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002891/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002891.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2582</span> Packaging and Interconnection Technologies of Power Devices, Challenges and Future Trends</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Raed%20A.%20Amro">Raed A. Amro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Standard packaging and interconnection technologies of power devices have difficulties meeting the increasing thermal demands of new application fields of power electronics devices. Main restrictions are the decreasing reliability of bond-wires and solder layers with increasing junction temperature. In the last few years intensive efforts have been invested in developing new packaging and interconnection solutions which may open a path to future application of power devices. In this paper, the main failure mechanisms of power devices are described and principle of new packaging and interconnection concepts and their power cycling reliability are presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Power%20electronics%20devices" title="Power electronics devices">Power electronics devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Reliability" title=" Reliability"> Reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Power%0ACycling" title=" Power Cycling"> Power Cycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Low-temperature%20joining%20technique%20%28LTJT%29" title=" Low-temperature joining technique (LTJT)"> Low-temperature joining technique (LTJT)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2941/packaging-and-interconnection-technologies-of-power-devices-challenges-and-future-trends" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2941/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2941/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2941/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2941/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2941/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2941/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2941/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2941/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2941/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2941/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2941.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2596</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2581</span> Investigation of 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(3-,5--Di-Tert-Butylphenyl)Porphyrinatocopper(II) for Electronics Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zubair%20Ahmad">Zubair Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20H.%20Sayyad"> M. H. Sayyad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Yaseen"> M. Yaseen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Ali"> M. Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, an organic compound 5,10,15,20- Tetrakis(3,5-di-tertbutylphenyl)porphyrinatocopper(II) (TDTBPPCu) is studied as an active material for thin film electronic devices. To investigate the electrical properties of TDTBPPCu, junction of TDTBPPCu with heavily doped n-Si and Al is fabricated. TDTBPPCu film was sandwiched between Al and n-Si electrodes. Various electrical parameters of TDTBPPCu are determined. The current-voltage characteristics of the junction are nonlinear, asymmetric and show rectification behavior, which gives the clue of formation of depletion region. This behavior indicates the potential of TDTBPPCu for electronics applications. The current-voltage and capacitance-voltage techniques are used to find the different electronic parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P-type" title="P-type">P-type</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=organic%20semiconductor" title=" organic semiconductor"> organic semiconductor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Electricalcharacteristics" title=" Electricalcharacteristics"> Electricalcharacteristics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5234/investigation-of-5101520-tetrakis3-5-di-tert-butylphenylporphyrinatocopperii-for-electronics-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5234/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5234/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5234/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5234/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5234/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5234/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5234/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5234/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5234/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5234/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5234.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2580</span> Temperature Sensor IC Design for Intracranial Monitoring Device</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wai%20Pan%20Chan">Wai Pan Chan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Minkyu%20Je"> Minkyu Je</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A precision CMOS chopping amplifier is adopted in this work to improve a CMOS temperature sensor high sensitive enough for intracranial temperature monitoring. An amplified temperature sensitivity of 18.8 ± 3*0.2 mV/oC is attained over the temperature range from 20 oC to 80 oC from a given 10 samples of the same wafer. The analog frontend design outputs the temperature dependent and the temperature independent signals which can be directly interfaced to a 10 bit ADC to accomplish an accurate temperature instrumentation system.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chopping" title="Chopping">Chopping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=analog%20frontend" title=" analog frontend"> analog frontend</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CMOS%20temperature%0D%0Asensor" title=" CMOS temperature sensor"> CMOS temperature sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=traumatic%20brain%20injury%20%28TBI%29" title=" traumatic brain injury (TBI)"> traumatic brain injury (TBI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=intracranial%20temperature%0D%0Amonitoring." title=" intracranial temperature monitoring."> intracranial temperature monitoring.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11560/temperature-sensor-ic-design-for-intracranial-monitoring-device" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11560/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11560/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11560/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11560/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11560/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11560/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11560/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11560/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11560/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11560/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11560.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1979</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2579</span> Geometrical Based Unequal Droplet Splitting Using Microfluidic Y-Junction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bahram%20Talebjedi">Bahram Talebjedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amirmohammad%20Sattari"> Amirmohammad Sattari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmed%20Zoher%20Sihorwala"> Ahmed Zoher Sihorwala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mina%20Hoorfar"> Mina Hoorfar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Among different droplet manipulations, controlled droplet-splitting is of great significance due to its ability to increase throughput and operational capability. Furthermore, unequal droplet-splitting can provide greater flexibility and a wider range of dilution factors. In this study, we developed two-dimensional, time-dependent complex fluid dynamics simulations to model droplet formation in a flow focusing device, followed by splitting in a Y-shaped junction with sub-channels of unequal widths. From the results obtained from the numerical study, we correlated the diameters of the droplets in the sub-channels to the Weber number, thereby demarcating the droplet splitting and non-splitting regimes.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Microfluidics" title="Microfluidics">Microfluidics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=unequal%20droplet%20splitting" title=" unequal droplet splitting"> unequal droplet splitting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=two%20phase%20flow" title=" two phase flow"> two phase flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=flow%20focusing%20device." title=" flow focusing device."> flow focusing device.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012038/geometrical-based-unequal-droplet-splitting-using-microfluidic-y-junction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012038/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012038/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012038/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012038/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012038/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012038/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012038/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012038/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012038/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012038/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012038.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">773</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2578</span> Study of a Fabry-Perot Resonator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Hadjaj">F. Hadjaj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Belghachi"> A. Belghachi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Halmaoui"> A. Halmaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Belhadj"> M. Belhadj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Mazouz"> H. Mazouz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A laser is essentially an optical oscillator consisting of a resonant cavity, an amplifying medium and a pumping source. In semiconductor diode lasers, the cavity is created by the boundary between the cleaved face of the semiconductor crystal and air, and has reflective properties as a result of the differing refractive indices of the two media. For a GaAs-air interface a reflectance of 0.3 is typical and therefore the length of the semiconductor junction forms the resonant cavity. To prevent light being emitted in unwanted directions from the junction, sides perpendicular to the required direction are roughened. The objective of this work is to simulate the optical resonator Fabry-Perot and explore its main characteristics, such as FSR, finesse, linewidth, transmission and so on, that describe the performance of resonator.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fabry-Perot%20Resonator" title="Fabry-Perot Resonator">Fabry-Perot Resonator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=laser%20diode." title=" laser diode."> laser diode.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996849/study-of-a-fabry-perot-resonator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996849/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996849/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996849/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996849/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996849/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996849/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996849/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996849/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996849/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996849/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">8964</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2577</span> Practical Evaluation of High-Efficiency Si-Based Tandem Solar Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sue-Yi%20Chen">Sue-Yi Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wei-Chun%20Hsu"> Wei-Chun Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jon-Yiew%20Gan"> Jon-Yiew Gan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Si-based double-junction tandem solar cells have become a popular research topic because of the advantages of low manufacturing cost and high energy conversion efficiency. However, there is no set of calculations to select the appropriate top cell materials. Therefore, this paper will propose a simple but practical selection method. First of all, we calculate the S-Q limit and explain the reasons for developing tandem solar cells. Secondly, we calculate the theoretical energy conversion efficiency of the double-junction tandem solar cells while combining the commercial monocrystalline Si and materials' practical efficiency to consider the actual situation. Finally, we conservatively conclude that if considering 75% performance of the theoretical energy conversion efficiency of the top cell, the suitable bandgap energy range will fall between 1.38 eV to 2.5 eV. Besides, we also briefly describe some improvements of several proper materials, CZTS, CdSe, Cu2O, ZnTe, and CdS, hoping that future research can select and manufacture high-efficiency Si-based tandem solar cells based on this paper successfully. Most importantly, our calculation method is not limited to silicon solely. If other materials’ performances match or surpass silicon's ability in the future, researchers can also apply this set of deduction processes.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=High-efficiency%20solar%20cells" title="High-efficiency solar cells">High-efficiency solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=material%20selection" title=" material selection"> material selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Si-based%20double-junction%20solar%20cells" title=" Si-based double-junction solar cells"> Si-based double-junction solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tandem%20solar%20cells" title=" tandem solar cells"> tandem solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=photovoltaics." title=" photovoltaics."> photovoltaics.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012488/practical-evaluation-of-high-efficiency-si-based-tandem-solar-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012488/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012488/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012488/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012488/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012488/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012488/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012488/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012488/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012488/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012488/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012488.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">546</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2576</span> Behavior of Droplets in Microfluidic System with T-Junction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Guellati">A. Guellati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F-M%20Lounis"> F-M Lounis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Guemras"> N. Guemras</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Daoud"> K. Daoud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Micro droplet formation is considered as a growing emerging area of research due to its wide-range application in chemistry as well as biology. The mechanism of micro droplet formation using two immiscible liquids running through a T-junction has been widely studied. We believe that the flow of these two immiscible phases can be of greater important factor that could have an impact on out-flow hydrodynamic behavior, the droplets generated and the size of the droplets. In this study, the type of the capillary tubes used also represents another important factor that can have an impact on the generation of micro droplets. The tygon capillary tubing with hydrophilic inner surface doesn't allow regular out-flows due to the fact that the continuous phase doesn't adhere to the wall of the capillary inner surface. Teflon capillary tubing, presents better wettability than tygon tubing, and allows to obtain steady and regular regimes of out-flow, and the micro droplets are homogeneoussize. The size of the droplets is directly dependent on the flows of the continuous and dispersed phases. Thus, as increasing the flow of the continuous phase, to flow of the dispersed phase stationary, the size of the drops decreases. Inversely, while increasing the flow of the dispersed phase, to flow of the continuous phase stationary, the size of the droplet increases.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Microfluidic%20system" title="Microfluidic system">Microfluidic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=micro%20droplets%20generation" title=" micro droplets generation"> micro droplets generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T-junction." title=" T-junction."> T-junction.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998647/behavior-of-droplets-in-microfluidic-system-with-t-junction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998647/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998647/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998647/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998647/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998647/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998647/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998647/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998647/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998647/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998647/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998647.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1619</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2575</span> Developing the Color Temperature Histogram Method for Improving the Content-Based Image Retrieval</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Phokharatkul">P. Phokharatkul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Chaisriya"> S. Chaisriya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Somkuarnpanit"> S. Somkuarnpanit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Phaiboon"> S. Phaiboon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Kimpan"> C. Kimpan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper proposes a new method for image searches and image indexing in databases with a color temperature histogram. The color temperature histogram can be used for performance improvement of content–based image retrieval by using a combination of color temperature and histogram. The color temperature histogram can be represented by a range of 46 colors. That is more than the color histogram and the dominant color temperature. Moreover, with our method the colors that have the same color temperature can be separated while the dominant color temperature can not. The results showed that the color temperature histogram retrieved an accurate image more often than the dominant color temperature method or color histogram method. This also took less time so the color temperature can be used for indexing and searching for images.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Color%20temperature%20histogram" title="Color temperature histogram">Color temperature histogram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=color%20temperature" title=" color temperature"> color temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=animage%20retrieval%20and%20content-based%20image%20retrieval." title=" animage retrieval and content-based image retrieval."> animage retrieval and content-based image retrieval.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5997/developing-the-color-temperature-histogram-method-for-improving-the-content-based-image-retrieval" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5997/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5997/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5997/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5997/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5997/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5997/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5997/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5997/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5997/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5997/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5997.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2453</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2574</span> A New Microstrip Diplexer Using Coupled Stepped Impedance Resonators</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Chinig">A. Chinig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Zbitou"> J. Zbitou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Errkik"> A. Errkik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L.%20Elabdellaoui"> L. Elabdellaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Tajmouati"> A. Tajmouati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Tribak"> A. Tribak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Latrach"> M. Latrach</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper presents a new structure of microstrip band pass filter (BPF) based on coupled stepped impedance resonators. Each filter consists of two coupled stepped impedance resonators connected to microstrip feed lines. The coupled junction is utilized to connect the two BPFs to the antenna. This two band pass filters are designed and simulated to operate for the digital communication system (DCS) and Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) bands at 1.8 GHz and 2.45 GHz respectively. The proposed circuit presents good performances with an insertion loss lower than 2.3 dB and isolation between the two channels greater than 21 dB. The prototype of the optimized diplexer have been investigated numerically by using ADS Agilent and verified with CST microwave software.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Band%20Pass%20Filter" title="Band Pass Filter">Band Pass Filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=coupled%20junction" title=" coupled junction"> coupled junction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=coupled%20stepped%0D%0Aimpedance%20resonators" title=" coupled stepped impedance resonators"> coupled stepped impedance resonators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=diplexer" title=" diplexer"> diplexer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=insertion%20loss" title=" insertion loss"> insertion loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=isolation." title=" isolation."> isolation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000297/a-new-microstrip-diplexer-using-coupled-stepped-impedance-resonators" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000297/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000297/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000297/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000297/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000297/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000297/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000297/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000297/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000297/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000297/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3823</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2573</span> Traffic Noise under Stop and Go Conditions in Intersections – A Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nima%20Jahandar">Nima Jahandar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amin%20Hosseinpour"> Amin Hosseinpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammad%20Ali%20Sahraei"> Mohammad Ali Sahraei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Whit the increasing of traffic, noise emanated from motor vehicles increases as well, which subsequently causes adding to the stress of modern city. Thus, it is needed to look for most critical areas in terms of environmental and social impact of noise. There are several critical situations for noise emanated from motor vehicles such as stop and go situation which usually occurs near junctions or at-grade intersections. This study was conducted in two locations, most common types of intersections, crossroads and Tjunctions. The highest average noise levels are recorded during Go phase for T-junction, 64.4 dB, and Drive phase for crossroad, 64 dB. It implies that the existence of intersection caused the noise level to increase. The vehicles starting to move produce more sound than when they travel at a constant speed along the intersection. It is suggested that special considerations and priority of allocating funds should be given to these critical spots. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Crossroad" title="Crossroad">Crossroad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T-junction" title=" T-junction"> T-junction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Traffic%20Noise" title=" Traffic Noise"> Traffic Noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Stop%20and%20Go" title=" Stop and Go"> Stop and Go</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Urban%20noise" title=" Urban noise"> Urban noise</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13739/traffic-noise-under-stop-and-go-conditions-in-intersections-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13739/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13739/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13739/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13739/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13739/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13739/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13739/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13739/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13739/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13739/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13739.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1869</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2572</span> Influence of Flash Temperature on Exergetical Performance of Organic Flash Cycle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kyoung%20Hoon%20Kim">Kyoung Hoon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chul%20Ho%20Han"> Chul Ho Han</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Organic Flash Cycle (OFC) has potential of improving efficiency for recovery of low temperature heat sources mainly due to reducing temperature mismatch in the heat exchanger. In this work exergetical performance analysis of ORC is conducted for recovery of low grade heat source. Effects of system parameters such as flash evaporation temperature or heating temperature are theoretically investigated on the exergy destructions (anergies) at various components of the system as well as exergy efficiency. Results show that exergy efficiency has a peak with respect to the flash temperature, and the optimum flash temperature increases with the heating temperature. The component where the largest exergy destruction occurs varies with the flash temperature or heating temperature.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Organic%20flash%20cycle%20%28OFC%29" title="Organic flash cycle (OFC)">Organic flash cycle (OFC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=low%20grade%20heat%20source" title=" low grade heat source"> low grade heat source</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=exergy" title=" exergy"> exergy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=anergy" title=" anergy"> anergy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=flash%20temperature." title=" flash temperature."> flash temperature.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16468/influence-of-flash-temperature-on-exergetical-performance-of-organic-flash-cycle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16468/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16468/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16468/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16468/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16468/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16468/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16468/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16468/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16468/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16468/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16468.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1909</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2571</span> Temperature Profile Modelling in Flexible Pavement Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Csaba%20T%C3%B3th">Csaba Tóth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=%C3%89va%20Lakatos"> Éva Lakatos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3%20Peth%C5%91"> László Pethő</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seoyoung%20Cho"> Seoyoung Cho </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The temperature effect on asphalt pavement structure is a crucial factor at the design stage. In this paper, by applying the German guidelines for temperature along the asphalt depth is estimated. The aim is to consider temperature profiles in different seasons in numerical modelling. The model is built with an elastic and isotropic solid element with 19 subdivisions of asphalt layers to reflect the temperature variation. Comparison with the simple three-layer pavement system (asphalt layers, base, and subgrade layers) will be followed to see the difference in result without temperature variation along with the depth. Finally, the fatigue life calculation was checked to prove the validity of the methodology of considering the temperature in the numerical modelling.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Temperature%20profile" title="Temperature profile">Temperature profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=flexible%20pavement%20modelling" title=" flexible pavement modelling"> flexible pavement modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=temperature%20modelling." title=" temperature modelling."> temperature modelling.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011831/temperature-profile-modelling-in-flexible-pavement-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011831/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011831/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011831/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011831/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011831/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011831/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011831/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011831/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011831/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011831/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011831.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">529</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2570</span> An Investigation on Hot-Spot Temperature Calculation Methods of Power Transformers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmet%20Y.%20Arabul">Ahmet Y. Arabul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ibrahim%20Senol"> Ibrahim Senol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fatma%20Keskin%20Arabul"> Fatma Keskin Arabul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mustafa%20G.%20Aydeniz"> Mustafa G. Aydeniz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yasemin%20Oner"> Yasemin Oner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gokhan%20Kalkan"> Gokhan Kalkan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In the standards of IEC 60076-2 and IEC 60076-7, three different hot-spot temperature estimation methods are suggested. In this study, the algorithms which used in hot-spot temperature calculations are analyzed by comparing the algorithms with the results of an experimental set-up made by a Transformer Monitoring System (TMS) in use. In tested system, TMS uses only top oil temperature and load ratio for hot-spot temperature calculation. And also, it uses some constants from standards which are on agreed statements tables. During the tests, it came out that hot-spot temperature calculation method is just making a simple calculation and not uses significant all other variables that could affect the hot-spot temperature.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hot-spot%20temperature" title="Hot-spot temperature">Hot-spot temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=monitoring%20system" title=" monitoring system"> monitoring system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=power%20transformer" title=" power transformer"> power transformer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=smart%20grid." title=" smart grid. "> smart grid. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003802/an-investigation-on-hot-spot-temperature-calculation-methods-of-power-transformers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003802/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003802/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003802/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003802/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003802/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003802/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003802/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003802/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003802/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003802/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003802.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2569</span> Evaluation of A 50MW Two-Axis Tracking Photovoltaic Power Plant for AL-Jagbob, Libya: Energetic, Economic, and Environmental Impact Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Y.%20Aldali">Y. Aldali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Ahwide"> F. Ahwide</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper investigates the application of large scale (LS-PV) two-axis tracking photovoltaic power plant in Al-Jagbob, Libya. A 50MW PV-grid connected (two-axis tracking) power plant design in Al-Jagbob, Libya has been carried out presently. A hetero-junction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT) type PV module has been selected and modeled. A Microsoft Excel-VBA program has been constructed to compute slope radiation, dew-point, sky temperature, and then cell temperature, maximum power output and module efficiency for this system, for tracking system. The results for energy production show that the total energy output is 128.5 GWh/year. The average module efficiency is 16.6%. The electricity generation capacity factor (CF) and solar capacity factor (SCF) were found to be 29.3% and 70.4% respectively. A 50MW two axis tracking power plant with a total energy output of 128.5 GWh/year would reduce CO<sub>2</sub> pollution by 85,581 tonnes of each year. The payback time for the proposed LS-PV photovoltaic power plant was found to be 4 years.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Large%20PV%20power%20plant" title="Large PV power plant">Large PV power plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=solar%20energy" title=" solar energy"> solar energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=environmental%20impact" title=" environmental impact"> environmental impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dual-axis%20tracking%20system." title=" Dual-axis tracking system."> Dual-axis tracking system.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996601/evaluation-of-a-50mw-two-axis-tracking-photovoltaic-power-plant-for-al-jagbob-libya-energetic-economic-and-environmental-impact-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996601/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996601/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996601/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996601/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996601/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996601/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996601/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996601/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996601/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996601/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996601.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3666</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2568</span> Optimum Design of Pressure Vessel Subjected to Autofrettage Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abu%20Rayhan%20Md.%20Ali">Abu Rayhan Md. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nidul%20Ch.%20Ghosh"> Nidul Ch. Ghosh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tanvir-E-Alam"> Tanvir-E-Alam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of autofrettage process in strain hardened thick-walled pressure vessels has been investigated theoretically by finite element modeling. Equivalent von Mises stress is used as yield criterion to evaluate the optimum autofrettage pressure and the optimum radius of elastic-plastic junction. It has been observed that the optimum autofrettage pressure increases along with the working pressure. For two different working pressures, the effect of the ratio of outer to inner radius (b/a=k) value on the optimum autofrettage pressure is also noticed. The Optimum autofrettage pressure solely depends on K value rather than on the inner or outer radius. Furthermore, percentage reduction of von Mises stresses is compared for different working pressures and different k values. Maximum von Mises stress developed at different autofrettage pressure is equated for elastic perfectly plastic and elastic-plastic material with different slope of strain hardening segment. Cylinder material having higher slope of strain hardening segment provides better benedictions in the autofrettage process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Autofrettage" title="Autofrettage">Autofrettage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=elastic%20plastic%20junction" title=" elastic plastic junction"> elastic plastic junction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pressure%20vessel" title=" pressure vessel"> pressure vessel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=von%20Mises%20stress." title="von Mises stress.">von Mises stress.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14740/optimum-design-of-pressure-vessel-subjected-to-autofrettage-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14740/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14740/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14740/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14740/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14740/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14740/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14740/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14740/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14740/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14740/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14740.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3820</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2567</span> Temperature Effect on the Organic Solar Cells Parameters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.Belhocine-Nemmar%3B%20MS.Belkaid%20D.%20Hatem">F.Belhocine-Nemmar; MS.Belkaid D. Hatem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=O%20Boughias"> O Boughias</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, the influence of temperature on the different parameters of solar cells based on organic semiconductors are studied. The short circuit current Isc increases so monotonous with temperature and then saturates to a maximum value before decreasing at high temperatures. The open circuit voltage Vco decreases linearly with temperature. The fill factor FF and efficiency, which are directly related with Isc and Vco follow the variations of the letters. The phenomena are explained by the behaviour of the mobility which is a temperature activated process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cells%20parameters" title="cells parameters">cells parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=organic%20materials" title=" organic materials"> organic materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=solar%20cells" title=" solar cells"> solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=temperature%20effect" title="temperature effect">temperature effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15880/temperature-effect-on-the-organic-solar-cells-parameters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15880/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15880/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15880/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15880/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15880/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15880/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15880/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15880/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15880/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15880/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15880.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2649</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2566</span> A Subjectively Influenced Router for Vehicles in a Four-Junction Traffic System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anilkumar%20Kothalil%20Gopalakrishnan">Anilkumar Kothalil Gopalakrishnan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A subjectively influenced router for vehicles in a fourjunction traffic system is presented. The router is based on a 3-layer Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN) and a greedy routing procedure. The BPNN detects priorities of vehicles based on the subjective criteria. The subjective criteria and the routing procedure depend on the routing plan towards vehicles depending on the user. The routing procedure selects vehicles from their junctions based on their priorities and route them concurrently to the traffic system. That is, when the router is provided with a desired vehicles selection criteria and routing procedure, it routes vehicles with a reasonable junction clearing time. The cost evaluation of the router determines its efficiency. In the case of a routing conflict, the router will route the vehicles in a consecutive order and quarantine faulty vehicles. The simulations presented indicate that the presented approach is an effective strategy of structuring a subjective vehicle router. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Backpropagation%20Neural%20Network" title="Backpropagation Neural Network">Backpropagation Neural Network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Backpropagationalgorithm" title=" Backpropagationalgorithm"> Backpropagationalgorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Greedy%20routing%20procedure" title=" Greedy routing procedure"> Greedy routing procedure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Subjective%20criteria" title=" Subjective criteria"> Subjective criteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vehiclepriority" title=" Vehiclepriority"> Vehiclepriority</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cost%20evaluation" title=" Cost evaluation"> Cost evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Route%20generation" title=" Route generation"> Route generation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5897/a-subjectively-influenced-router-for-vehicles-in-a-four-junction-traffic-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5897/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5897/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5897/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5897/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5897/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5897/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5897/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5897/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5897/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5897/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5897.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2565</span> Study of Two Writing Schemes for a Magnetic Tunnel Junction Based On Spin Orbit Torque</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Jabeur">K. Jabeur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L.%20D.%20Buda-Prejbeanu"> L. D. Buda-Prejbeanu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Prenat"> G. Prenat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Di%20Pendina"> G. Di Pendina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>MRAM technology provides a combination of fast access time, non-volatility, data retention and endurance. While a growing interest is given to two-terminal Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (MTJ) based on Spin-Transfer Torque (STT) switching as the potential candidate for a universal memory, its reliability is dramatically decreased because of the common writing/reading path. Three-terminal MTJ based on Spin-Orbit Torque (SOT) approach revitalizes the hope of an ideal MRAM. It can overcome the reliability barrier encountered in current two-terminal MTJs by separating the reading and the writing path. In this paper, we study two possible writing schemes for the SOT-MTJ device based on recently fabricated samples. While the first is based on precessional switching, the second requires the presence of permanent magnetic field. Based on an accurate Verilog-A model, we simulate the two writing techniques and we highlight advantages and drawbacks of each one. Using the second technique, pioneering logic circuits based on the three-terminal architecture of the SOT-MTJ described in this work are under development with preliminary attractive results.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Spin%20orbit%20Torque" title="Spin orbit Torque">Spin orbit Torque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Magnetic%20Tunnel%20Junction" title=" Magnetic Tunnel Junction"> Magnetic Tunnel Junction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MRAM" title=" MRAM"> MRAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Spintronic" title=" Spintronic"> Spintronic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Circuit%20simulation." title=" Circuit simulation."> Circuit simulation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16146/study-of-two-writing-schemes-for-a-magnetic-tunnel-junction-based-on-spin-orbit-torque" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16146/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16146/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16146/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16146/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16146/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16146/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16146/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16146/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16146/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16146/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16146.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3572</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=junction%20temperature&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=junction%20temperature&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=junction%20temperature&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=junction%20temperature&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=junction%20temperature&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=junction%20temperature&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=junction%20temperature&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=junction%20temperature&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=junction%20temperature&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=junction%20temperature&page=86">86</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=junction%20temperature&page=87">87</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=junction%20temperature&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>