CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91c6f89c9a46f888',cH: 'jAc.KIM88H9zg_Un04zRbIsqMRJaZT_PVJg4AJXW1no-1741317774-1.2.1.1-C_S30kSSlsdVVl0g40WdeJNRN4la.xrY0XeWnb6X5eYSmEWmCN6gCQtYYIOwVuMc',cUPMDTk: "\/5234\/ris?__cf_chl_tk=g5IQWtS.jMGUD9b6qBr_FyiDqn7RD9qnsFOE72xxtLo-1741317774-1.0.1.1-4sazFBsV7KyK.mSDXW6L5_13LxrwwSJbaetaM.YFHD4",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741317774',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/5234\/ris?__cf_chl_f_tk=g5IQWtS.jMGUD9b6qBr_FyiDqn7RD9qnsFOE72xxtLo-1741317774-1.0.1.1-4sazFBsV7KyK.mSDXW6L5_13LxrwwSJbaetaM.YFHD4",md: "1YXYxr28Tk5OQLyihESWiOHrIam_kSx4KPA2TTHW_Uw-1741317774-1.2.1.1-64MxGisIWpnvpvvJi8hde1NPKrdQZXyR8Qp6rZ2ivq0lUT.jruYxg0Id.Ex8Or0RKb5KJauCXu9WDRNW2BbpiStlIzd9dtago8xX96qTzqAn.sDXni4BUbgdJL9ScNPIKghnf9q.j_GCS84rCEjpzj6vZsxGr23n0JHMceZdBSh3Mnb7LvRRFopoq1WlpmMQukCsXWGfDD1iRo1m.0FJFcEyUjDjcDU_YKEDjVbNmTAuX7FcFENNhZE45IYLGqMYHQCm2qJzwm0k3CdGUWO3YOUt6HAqDlMAgKNryvXPTtsfzjYLSi_pvbYodQSqxhjMNdD35gYdtyPIBNv2VaNtgtT.Ad1MiqPMStyt56RS1xi8IjS6CKBdg4JicpNvv6_SWJJfXqLPcay7jcKhGlTGibkdQIFJRHd.Ika3._1hD2XgonoVI4XxLY9pHSJhXm5kRQBUpWZGHbsQ_.y3aIlbzyDQLCAqo_R9qyDKl19Vitu98CnQAAVILBkBM95x_6ukmLHhwyZJTXl7gPdc0lSnUCvOXlqvLn_awVWhcD.UdRx31_Jzhuk6VuDOCfWJo0xDHLYQo.ac9xrUoj_suJI5.3AWtkwy95gTtfmDAPAuJI60FELlX9Bzei7ivqxnBoIzVoLkLdw3wsAiqd12w4Jo10oOYcvvQnNMPxCLLJBzkx.Y34RNUtmJdTSuMtaRn03fhQ.bh4_AUOS1eEL7pZ8PtHS_wGrKKURzAN9res5yfaEojrNtSCAmSniSmd8YgdAhDu0iMQiTU0WGPyg73D11VVmepJXZd3Ptxbzb6BiAQORZAa5eAz.Gv6iGG_3_drM0P2KGg_1x0DcZs0Ugp2T2vcveKq_cqfyfdc5pWBMuRKfUXMjoOdtAE6yflInSWgECgzThnX8dPqIFKduRVMHiMyIATPHs4svIjW8gGKH.N7bk.yXFCIBJKx0E1I.p92SaD5JRjZ9KqxW8Gv.WeUqjphLQF8ar8c29U8t1rttiOL9WeHaoFUOvuieHlnpxO.eLe5W0deXkoQFRHeyBEpAww8fBIh2FhxQqFNBAeihBtka38gdY2iGq3tYzDJ6er.obcIrBWxT9Oq6IzTicDNJYHZ1Pe06FRyoJLNbGKET8TvZl8l4XHhRfzYGtwGy9jEovF6pKiG36uwLYCHZwNtytCDPJPuJ_9BBHcXlQspTYohGhPifDynX0D_7RVxbIxKTGFo0j6PSPvW4uY5nW74olbA",mdrd: "AK47yJNltpNoIpSo4nChTte9NoQ.PAbE5M61_q8cE04-1741317774-1.2.1.1-6ek3p2wLmRMylT9Y6fzM9l07Zn3WNiA3ecVMbwOesndyJtTHa7ey8dyIKSiLXNVzK.wBtWIbmFsm0UkNrbonnxzuQpebEMruHINXwIfcLYuaFIVhuj7yzdCrHbWjzWFnGHNxKAKZtp86nWDvaAgN6NdfQ9CtmqGuF_FHrTgpZH0b5sisoWgqtTQpvt1hRxRhdPoJcKmtVcrhlAnE6aKxWTapVToU.WpKuPH8LDqM00cSVb_mUfsCdLXPF.L1I.Y.kNU91XwGBge0VDckhSW78RwS.ypyPc6x7TAlwRsXu7UeHMqr5meIUhOQ5qMb9iKyvqgX36xk9uQvjKPveu04QZmni0tXKozqGwE_hMPuFvW.Dy9QVkeEapBg0ILiug_4d9P6L2MrpI3eiKt.c17juEXe.3v80f4wjoE8TMJ3nKAvc7Dlbf9pU2uBmzQxOIG9qdNAh09m2xBwtRzIZIUa76k225xs1DooOJvQ9..zPz.octtjI5.MUP0I94b8.EYYXxP7y_qpoCRiasfexvXKxfDMzTBMsZfhIL4BlH_M5EyqaGVk8duV6wu7ysM5u7_90fT_NJclDoMjQu0YP95I2j00mXqY0BYotUfhXBf4MSPIfaW6mhjMQToL6AXvYWeE2OqIiJPsebw9pbQbxfCiEW26zeuN8b2tpRrBWq4whPN9Jcs2gpwmEh5wviqMo8Qz6LXwWKmkop9071mdBJnTkBhvXGrOtWxHkS7nszFmhZnWbrvqreBbX2P8IrfpIdMPMYYj3nRtwP2l29z_1iqs.yDse5x1o8pw6suDwW.Oba5fTu6zkl6vKCU8A3MT2rAUITvY292WLd3Mi9k.7J.3HaU.vxuVmuJkurj60K9Ky_sCRfYEhFyM7DpM42FXDBcxH9jzTT.Y.I3cbhtjUjtEABnYgvXkKYPb7VtmTlUSVNegfMPvockd6vLJgCXtKo3y.PkIGL.DS60QU.F3sOzwsEnLh1nKiasq8q6IOe1yhwDJ6RaeKgBw3RbkPd4wnmKR5rXfDn4pNHC8a9Hva.ypZJq7_w.w3ZVU9hXhAQEEoZG7caPJSgDJT8xMDtmzNP3boGzOZOjjR4Zf2QMGG1q3AyJ8l7G6Ee98rH0twf4nwlsSDvUcPn6DjDxniYwZAKzMKUsezzEuGz.uBXlE_wjOCaducY_zuzswS3lQR_83HJP.a1HHUU2OPnbglgSDgVtMpu8XVjB7geByunGd51TR_ZE3lSr7rPcyAwt58s15PgcRSPRwuocqyOLwzwMiv3SJpgnQo3Blk3tcmgFfQikendP6jqKuad.Ge4GqEKvvDHNV9jozoYcSW8WVyAMZFxpZ_T2cuZf36S2yz8jrX44GcS.D3BhXHsLCdEBE2m0f1PQzPGHGoDkm5RZpFKdt7JxwaMKQ0XNPT2GIPklJjXccwdlIlmDzpt3Ec2iA4Ryc6bGmhgOcIDV2BFjVS2JXMkb04rsqT6suIFtn9oVk6So8QIHc27tu34vqEfaSxSUqQrrIXlGg5qLwKe0q.NEkdmF14BwEbL_kIDvikoIP7R67yQYo5PoKiqBjZSIPbmLQkfsSDX0H3JN_jvE7rW544qyJfhzLC4cUU25OyISiyjRuOoDD1J3dI.CaduBwSIGNaLQdQ.oytUlO8QhUcFp8BxKuXpbwG0rwpBlOjYaikgouQQfud3Z2S_qa7Cfe4_OnmTyJOvIbe6v4TGmobdk2b5a6L_RLX0oFNlTVRCy.QhFwDVZ3RPiYFyrbB8ebxM3lcVUmaDRb_VCmMEnVyoKrbV9oP6OrZrNOxgJ_Xsb2vqriJNhie6bgi2XKCY5xwViv3yqE86FyE2ynYqZ2bwDcsfwqoyMCwa2JYPwxaCjLpMlge7UMe.45x4JHorcd98t9AJByZyLgMK0DlsbrpYKV9zf5_0bZQtR8ICr7xbt46k_DtknwOFB8cVWKV973IIaylwjmstnfgerCZAi2P2pU1rzCewdCb1_hp.hYTa9indkxyg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91c6f89c9a46f888';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/5234\/ris?__cf_chl_rt_tk=g5IQWtS.jMGUD9b6qBr_FyiDqn7RD9qnsFOE72xxtLo-1741317774-1.0.1.1-4sazFBsV7KyK.mSDXW6L5_13LxrwwSJbaetaM.YFHD4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>