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<span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Launch_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Launch_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Launch history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Launch_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Старт (ракета) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Старт (ракета)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start_(Rakete)" title="Start (Rakete) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Start (Rakete)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start-1" title="Start-1 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Start-1" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start-1" title="Start-1 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Start-1" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start-1" title="Start-1 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="Start-1" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start-1" title="Start-1 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Start-1" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start-1" title="Start-1 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Start-1" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Russian satellite launch vehicle</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the arms treaty, see <a href="/wiki/START_I" title="START I">START I</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title">Start-1</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Start_launch_big.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Start_launch_big.jpg/220px-Start_launch_big.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/61/Start_launch_big.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="264" data-file-height="376" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Start-1 launch vehicle lifting off from the <a href="/wiki/Svobodny_Cosmodrome" title="Svobodny Cosmodrome">Svobodny Cosmodrome</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Function</th><td class="infobox-data">Small orbital <a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch vehicle</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data brand"><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Institute_of_Thermal_Technology" title="Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology">Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of origin</th><td class="infobox-data">Russia</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccf;">Size</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">22.7 m (74 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Diameter</th><td class="infobox-data">1.8 m (5.9 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">47,200 kg (104,100 lb)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stages</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccf;">Capacity <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddf;">Payload to <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">LEO</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">550 kg (1,210 lb)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddf;">Payload to <a href="/wiki/Sun-synchronous_orbit" title="Sun-synchronous orbit">SSO</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">167 kg (368 lb)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccf;">Launch history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Retired</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch sites</th><td class="infobox-data">LC-5, <a href="/wiki/Svobodny_Cosmodrome" title="Svobodny Cosmodrome">Svobodny Cosmodrome</a><br />LC-158, <a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome">Plesetsk Cosmodrome</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total launches</th><td class="infobox-data">7</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Success(es)</th><td class="infobox-data">6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Failure(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data">25 March 1993</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Last flight</th><td class="infobox-data">25 April 2006</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">First stage – 15Zh58A</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Powered by</th><td class="infobox-data">1 MIHT-1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maximum thrust</th><td class="infobox-data">980 kN (220,000 lb<sub>f</sub>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Specific_impulse" title="Specific impulse">Specific impulse</a></th><td class="infobox-data">263 s (2.58 km/s)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burn time</th><td class="infobox-data">60 seconds</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Propellant</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Solid-propellant_rocket" title="Solid-propellant rocket">Solid</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Second stage – 15Zh58B</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Powered by</th><td class="infobox-data">1 MIHT-2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maximum thrust</th><td class="infobox-data">490 kN (110,000 lb<sub>f</sub>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Specific_impulse" title="Specific impulse">Specific impulse</a></th><td class="infobox-data">280 s (2.7 km/s)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burn time</th><td class="infobox-data">64 seconds</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Propellant</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Solid-propellant_rocket" title="Solid-propellant rocket">Solid</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Third stage – 15Zh58V</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Powered by</th><td class="infobox-data">1 MIHT-3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maximum thrust</th><td class="infobox-data">245 kN (55,000 lb<sub>f</sub>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Specific_impulse" title="Specific impulse">Specific impulse</a></th><td class="infobox-data">280 s (2.7 km/s)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burn time</th><td class="infobox-data">56 seconds</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Propellant</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Solid-propellant_rocket" title="Solid-propellant rocket">Solid</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Fourth stage – Start</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Powered by</th><td class="infobox-data">1 MIHT-4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maximum thrust</th><td class="infobox-data">9.8 kN (2,200 lb<sub>f</sub>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Specific_impulse" title="Specific impulse">Specific impulse</a></th><td class="infobox-data">295 s (2.89 km/s)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burn time</th><td class="infobox-data">207 seconds</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Propellant</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Solid-propellant_rocket" title="Solid-propellant rocket">Solid</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div class="metadata" style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60524" class="extiw" title="d:Q60524">edit on Wikidata</a>]</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Start-1</b> is a Russian satellite <a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch vehicle</a> based on the <a href="/wiki/RT-2PM_Topol" title="RT-2PM Topol">RT-2PM Topol</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> <a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_ballistic_missile" title="Intercontinental ballistic missile">intercontinental ballistic missile</a> developed by <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Institute_of_Thermal_Technology" title="Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology">Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Start-1&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Start-1 launch vehicle derives its name from the <a href="/wiki/START_I" title="START I">Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty</a> (START I) between the United States and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. The START I treaty called for both sides to limit their nuclear arsenals to 6,000 nuclear warheads atop a total of 1,600 <a href="/wiki/ICBM" class="mw-redirect" title="ICBM">ICBMs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Submarine-launched_ballistic_missile" title="Submarine-launched ballistic missile">SLBMs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bomber" title="Bomber">bombers</a>. This led to a lot of surplus ICBMs on both sides, including the Soviet Topol. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia took over responsibility for executing the treaty. The Russian government decided to dispose of some of their ICBMs by using them as launch vehicles, which was an allowed method of disposal under the treaty.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modification of the ICBMs into launch vehicles was carried out by the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Institute_of_Thermal_Technology" title="Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology">Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology</a> (MITT), which also designed the Topol missile.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 25, 1993 (13:15 <a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a>), the first Start-1 rocket was launched from <a href="/wiki/Plesetsk" title="Plesetsk">Plesetsk Cosmodrome</a> with a non-commercial payload. The first commercial launch was conducted almost four years later on March 4, 1997, from <a href="/wiki/Svobodny_Cosmodrome" title="Svobodny Cosmodrome">Svobodny Cosmodrome</a> with a Russian payload. Since that time all flights of the Start-1 have been conducted from Svobodny. Currently, the Russian company United Start Launch manages the Start-1 program. </p><p>The most notable flight of the Start-1 was conducted on April 25, 2006, with the launch of the <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israeli</a> <a href="/wiki/EROS_B" title="EROS B">EROS B</a> Earth observation satellite. The launch received more coverage than usual because of the tensions between <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> at the time. While the Eros B satellite is commercial, its primary customer is the Israeli government, which could use it to spy on Iranian military and nuclear facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After EROS B launch the project ended due to small size of <a href="/wiki/Small_satellite" title="Small satellite">small satellite</a> market and loss of business to other small launchers.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 2016 thanks to the increase of the small satellite market and approaching end of life of Topol missiles MITT and <a href="/wiki/RVSN" class="mw-redirect" title="RVSN">RVSN</a> management started to float the idea of resuming launches. In late 2018 MITT secured funding for the resumption.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MITT plans to start launching again in early 2022. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Start-1&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Start-1_rocket_diagram.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Start-1_rocket_diagram.JPG/220px-Start-1_rocket_diagram.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9a/Start-1_rocket_diagram.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="273" data-file-height="364" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of the Start-1 rocket.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Start-1 launch vehicle is derived from the <a href="/wiki/RT-2PM_Topol" title="RT-2PM Topol">RT-2PM Topol</a> ICBM. The first three stages of the Topol missile are used as the first three stages of the Start-1 rocket and are essentially unmodified for their new purpose. A fourth stage, specially developed by the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Institute_of_Thermal_Technology" title="Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology">Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology</a>, and the payload shroud take the place of the nuclear warhead and are the main differences between the Topol ICBM and the Start-1 rocket. Additionally, a Post-Boost Propulsion System (PBPS) may be added between the fourth stage and the payload to circularize the orbit of the payload if necessary. The PBPS provides propulsion using a solid-propellant nitrogen gas generator. The gas goes through three pairs of nozzles that can swivel to maneuver the payload. </p><p>The Start-1 rocket is unique amongst launch vehicles in that its launch platform is mobile, allowing for the Start-1 to potentially launch from anywhere. The Start-1 launches from an unmodified Topol <a href="/wiki/Transporter_erector_launcher" title="Transporter erector launcher">Transporter-Erector-Launcher</a> (TEL). The TEL is a massive fourteen-wheeled vehicle, six of which pivot for steering. The launch vehicle is transported and launched inside a mobile Transport and Launch Carrier (TLC) carried by the TEL. The TLC consists of an air-tight <a href="/wiki/Composite_material" title="Composite material">composite</a> cylinder that protects the launch vehicle and payload from variations in temperature and humidity. The TLC lies in the middle of the TEL lengthwise and bisects the driver's cab in two. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Start_moving_to_launch_big.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/36/Start_moving_to_launch_big.jpg/220px-Start_moving_to_launch_big.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/36/Start_moving_to_launch_big.jpg/330px-Start_moving_to_launch_big.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/36/Start_moving_to_launch_big.jpg 2x" data-file-width="379" data-file-height="263" /></a><figcaption>A Start-1 TEL moving towards the launch pad</figcaption></figure> <p>Before launch, the TEL is moved to the launch pad where it deploys four stabilizing jacks which lift the whole vehicle off the ground. Approximately 90 seconds before the launch, the TLC ejects the protective front nose cone, exposing the rocket so that it can launch. The TLC then is raised to a vertical position. During the launch sequence, the TEL uses compressed gas to force the rocket out of the TLC. Once the rocket reaches a height of approximately 30 meters (the height of the top of the TLC in the vertical position), the first stage ignites. The time from first-stage ignition to spacecraft separation is approximately 15 minutes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Start-1&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Start_rocket_diagram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bf/Start_rocket_diagram.jpg/18px-Start_rocket_diagram.jpg" decoding="async" width="18" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bf/Start_rocket_diagram.jpg/27px-Start_rocket_diagram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bf/Start_rocket_diagram.jpg/36px-Start_rocket_diagram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of the Start rocket.</figcaption></figure> <p>A version of the Start-1 rocket, simply called <b>Start</b>, was developed in parallel with the Start-1 program. Start differed from Start-1 by using the second stage of the Start-1 twice, giving it a total of five stages. With the extra stage, payload to <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">low Earth orbit</a> was increased to 850 kg. The first (and, so far, only) launch of the Start rocket occurred on 28 March 1995 from LC158 at the <a href="/wiki/Plesetsk" title="Plesetsk">Plesetsk Cosmodrome</a>. The Start rocket carried Gurwin, an Israeli <a href="/wiki/Amateur_radio_satellite" title="Amateur radio satellite">amateur radio satellite</a> built by the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel Institute of Technology">Israel Institute of Technology</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> EKA, a Russian dummy test satellite; and UNAMSAT A, an amateur radio satellite built by the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_University_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous University of Mexico">Autonomous University of Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rocket, however, failed not too long after liftoff, dumping debris and its payload into the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Okhotsk" title="Sea of Okhotsk">Sea of Okhotsk</a>. Little information has come forth from the Russian government as to what caused the rocket to fail, or even whether or not the Start program has been canceled. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Launch_history">Launch history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Start-1&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Launch history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Flight number </th> <th>Date (UTC) </th> <th>Launch site </th> <th>Version </th> <th>Payload </th> <th>Orbit </th> <th>Result </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>March 25, 1993<br />13:15 </td> <td>LC-158, <a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome">Plesetsk</a> </td> <td>Start-1 </td> <td>EKA-1 <a href="/wiki/Mass_simulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass simulator">mass simulator</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">LEO</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Success </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>March 28, 1995<br />10:00 </td> <td>LC-158, <a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome">Plesetsk</a> </td> <td>Start </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gurwin_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gurwin (satellite) (page does not exist)">Gurwin</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=UNAMSAT_A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UNAMSAT A (page does not exist)">UNAMSAT A</a><br />EKA-2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">LEO</a> (planned) </td> <td style="background: #FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-failure">Failure </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>March 4, 1997<br />02:00 </td> <td>LC-5, <a href="/wiki/Svobodny_Cosmodrome" title="Svobodny Cosmodrome">Svobodny</a> </td> <td>Start-1.2 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeya_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeya (satellite) (page does not exist)">Zeya</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sun_Synchronous_orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun Synchronous orbit">SSO</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Success </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>December 24, 1997<br />13:32 </td> <td>LC-5, <a href="/wiki/Svobodny_Cosmodrome" title="Svobodny Cosmodrome">Svobodny</a> </td> <td>Start-1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Early_Bird_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Bird 1">Early Bird 1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sun_Synchronous_orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun Synchronous orbit">SSO</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Success </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td>December 5, 2000<br />12:32 </td> <td>LC-5, <a href="/wiki/Svobodny_Cosmodrome" title="Svobodny Cosmodrome">Svobodny</a> </td> <td>Start-1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/EROS_(satellite)#EROS_A" title="EROS (satellite)">EROS A</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sun_Synchronous_orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun Synchronous orbit">SSO</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Success </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td>February 20, 2001<br />08:48 </td> <td>LC-5, <a href="/wiki/Svobodny_Cosmodrome" title="Svobodny Cosmodrome">Svobodny</a> </td> <td>Start-1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Odin_(satellite)" title="Odin (satellite)">Odin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sun_Synchronous_orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun Synchronous orbit">SSO</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Success </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td>April 25, 2006<br />16:47 </td> <td>LC-5, <a href="/wiki/Svobodny_Cosmodrome" title="Svobodny Cosmodrome">Svobodny</a> </td> <td>Start-1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/EROS_(satellite)#EROS_B" title="EROS (satellite)">EROS B</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sun_Synchronous_orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun Synchronous orbit">SSO</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Success </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Start-1&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_orbital_launchers_families" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of orbital launchers families">Comparison of orbital launchers families</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Start-1&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/spp/guide/russia/launch/start1.htm">"Start-1 Launch Vehicle"</a>. FAS.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Start-1+Launch+Vehicle&rft.pub=FAS.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fspp%2Fguide%2Frussia%2Flaunch%2Fstart1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStart-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Wade" class="citation web cs1">Mark Wade. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131030090848/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/topol.htm">"Topol ICBM"</a>. Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/topol.htm">the original</a> on 2013-10-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Topol+ICBM&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Astronautica&rft.au=Mark+Wade&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronautix.com%2Flvs%2Ftopol.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStart-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnatoly_Zak" class="citation web cs1">Anatoly Zak. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.russianspaceweb.com/start.html">"Start Launcher"</a>. Russianspaceweb.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Start+Launcher&rft.pub=Russianspaceweb.com&rft.au=Anatoly+Zak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.russianspaceweb.com%2Fstart.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStart-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iz.ru/news/632083">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Тополь" выходит на рынок космических пусков"</a> [Topol is coming to space launch market] (in Russian). 13 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%22%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%22+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2016-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiz.ru%2Fnews%2F632083&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStart-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/3826140">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Адаптация не на словах, а практическая работа в условиях рынка"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> [Don't pay lip service to the need to adapt, enter competitive market] (in Russian). 10 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%22%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85%2C+%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%85+%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%22&rft.date=2018-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kommersant.ru%2Fdoc%2F3826140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStart-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/techsat-1.htm">"Techsat 1, 1B (Gurwin 1, 1B / GO 32 / Gurwin-OSCAR 32)"</a>. <i>Gunter's Space Page</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gunter%27s+Space+Page&rft.atitle=Techsat+1%2C+1B+%28Gurwin+1%2C+1B+%2F+GO+32+%2F+Gurwin-OSCAR+32%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspace.skyrocket.de%2Fdoc_sdat%2Ftechsat-1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStart-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/unamsat-a.htm">"UNAMSAT A, B (Mexico-OSCAR 30, MO 30)"</a>. <i>Gunter's Space Page</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gunter%27s+Space+Page&rft.atitle=UNAMSAT+A%2C+B+%28Mexico-OSCAR+30%2C+MO+30%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspace.skyrocket.de%2Fdoc_sdat%2Funamsat-a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStart-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsakowitzHopkinsHopkins2004" class="citation book cs1">Isakowitz, Steven J.; Hopkins, Joseph P.; Hopkins, Joshua B. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781563475917/page/457">"Start"</a>. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781563475917"><i>International reference guide to space launch systems</i></a></span> (4th ed.). 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links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Start-1&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160207101230/http://unitedstartlaunch.com/United_Start/Home.html">United Start Launch Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snebulos.mit.edu/projects/reference/launch_vehicles/START/start-vI.pdf">Start-1 User's Guide, Volume 1 Vehicle Accommodations</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720002206/http://snebulos.mit.edu/projects/reference/launch_vehicles/START/start-vI.pdf">Archived</a> 2011-07-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russian_launch_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russian launch systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Soviet_and_Russian_launch_vehicles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Russian</a> <a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch vehicles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angara_(rocket_family)" title="Angara (rocket family)">Angara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angara-1.2" title="Angara-1.2">1.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angara_A5" title="Angara A5">A5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2" title="Soyuz-2">Soyuz-2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2.1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-2.1a">2.1a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2.1b" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-2.1b">2.1b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2-1v" title="Soyuz-2-1v">2-1v</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Rocket" title="Universal Rocket">UR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proton-M" title="Proton-M">Proton-M</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-7_(rocket_family)" title="Soyuz-7 (rocket family)">Amur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irtysh_(rocket)" title="Irtysh (rocket)">Irtysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yenisei_(rocket)" title="Yenisei (rocket)">Yenisei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retired</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dnepr_(rocket)" title="Dnepr (rocket)">Dnepr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energia_(rocket)" title="Energia (rocket)">Energia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_(rocket_family)" title="Kosmos (rocket family)">Kosmos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-1" title="Kosmos-1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-2I" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosmos-2I">2I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosmos-3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-3M" title="Kosmos-3M">3M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N1_(rocket)" title="N1 (rocket)">N1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-7_(rocket_family)" title="R-7 (rocket family)">R-7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_(rocket)" title="Luna (rocket)">Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molniya_(rocket)" title="Molniya (rocket)">Molniya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Molniya-M" title="Molniya-M">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molniya-L" class="mw-redirect" title="Molniya-L">L</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyot_(rocket)" title="Polyot (rocket)">Polyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(rocket_family)" title="Soyuz (rocket family)">Soyuz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(rocket)" title="Soyuz (rocket)">original</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-L" title="Soyuz-L">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-M" title="Soyuz-M">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-U" title="Soyuz-U">U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-U2" title="Soyuz-U2">U2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-FG" title="Soyuz-FG">FG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz/Vostok" title="Soyuz/Vostok">Soyuz/Vostok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_(rocket)" title="Sputnik (rocket)">Sputnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voskhod_(rocket)" title="Voskhod (rocket)">Voskhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_(rocket_family)" title="Vostok (rocket family)">Vostok</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-L" title="Vostok-L">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-K" title="Vostok-K">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-2_(rocket)" title="Vostok-2 (rocket)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-2M" title="Vostok-2M">2M</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-29_Vysota" title="R-29 Vysota">R-29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shtil%27" title="Shtil'">Shtil'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volna" title="Volna">Volna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Start-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon" title="Tsyklon">Tsyklon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon" title="Tsyklon">original</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon-2" title="Tsyklon-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon-3" title="Tsyklon-3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Rocket" title="Universal Rocket">UR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proton_(rocket_family)" title="Proton (rocket family)">UR-500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rokot" title="Rokot">Rokot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strela_(rocket)" title="Strela (rocket)">Strela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit_(rocket_family)" title="Zenit (rocket family)">Zenit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-2" title="Zenit-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-2M" title="Zenit-2M">2M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-3SL" title="Zenit-3SL">3SL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-3SLB" title="Zenit-3SLB">3SLB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-3F" title="Zenit-3F">3F</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled (no launch attempts)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon-4" title="Tsyklon-4">Tsyklon-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton_(rocket_family)" title="Proton (rocket family)">Proton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proton_Light" class="mw-redirect" title="Proton Light">Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton_Medium" class="mw-redirect" title="Proton Medium">Medium</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Orbital_launch_systems" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orbital_launch_systems" title="Template:Orbital launch systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orbital_launch_systems" title="Template talk:Orbital launch systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital_launch_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital launch systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Orbital_launch_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">Orbital launch systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_orbital_launch_systems" title="List of orbital launch systems">List of orbital launch systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_orbital_launch_systems" title="Comparison of orbital launch systems">Comparison of orbital launch systems</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angara_(rocket_family)" title="Angara (rocket family)">Angara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angara-1.2" title="Angara-1.2">1.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angara_A5" title="Angara A5">A5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_6" title="Ariane 6">Ariane 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres-1" title="Ceres-1">Ceres</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceres-1_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceres-1 (rocket)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres-1_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceres-1 (rocket)">1S</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chollima-1" title="Chollima-1">Chollima-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab_Electron" title="Rocket Lab Electron">Electron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_Block_5" title="Falcon 9 Block 5">Falcon 9 Block 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Alpha" title="Firefly Alpha">Firefly Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity-1" title="Gravity-1">Gravity-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geosynchronous_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle">GSLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-IIA" title="H-IIA">H-IIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H3_(rocket)" title="H3 (rocket)">H3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbola-1" title="Hyperbola-1">Hyperbola-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jielong_(rocket_family)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jielong (rocket family) (page does not exist)">Jielong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jielong_1" title="Jielong 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jielong_3" title="Jielong 3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KAIROS_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="KAIROS (rocket)">KAIROS</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaituozhe_(rocket_family)" title="Kaituozhe (rocket family)">Kaituozhe 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetica_1" title="Kinetica 1">Kinetica 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuaizhou" title="Kuaizhou">Kuaizhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuaizhou_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuaizhou 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuaizhou_1A" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuaizhou 1A">1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuaizhou_11" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuaizhou 11">11</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_(rocket_family)" title="Long March (rocket family)">Long March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_2C" title="Long March 2C">2C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_2D" title="Long March 2D">2D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_2F" title="Long March 2F">2F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3A" title="Long March 3A">3A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3B" title="Long March 3B">3B/E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3C" title="Long March 3C">3C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_4B" title="Long March 4B">4B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_4C" title="Long March 4C">4C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_5" title="Long March 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_5B" class="mw-redirect" title="Long March 5B">5B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_6" title="Long March 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_6A" title="Long March 6A">6A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_7" title="Long March 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_7A" class="mw-redirect" title="Long March 7A">7A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_8" title="Long March 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_11" title="Long March 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_11" title="Long March 11">11H</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LVM3" title="LVM3">LVM3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_(rocket_family)" title="Minotaur (rocket family)">Minotaur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_I" title="Minotaur I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_IV" title="Minotaur IV">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_V" title="Minotaur V">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur-C" title="Minotaur-C">C</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuri_(rocket)" title="Nuri (rocket)">Nuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS-M1" class="mw-redirect" title="OS-M1">OS-M1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegasus_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pegasus (rocket)">Pegasus XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton-M" title="Proton-M">Proton-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle">PSLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaem_100" title="Qaem 100">Qaem 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qased_(rocket)" title="Qased (rocket)">Qased</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS1_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="RS1 (rocket)">RS1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavit_2" title="Shavit 2">Shavit 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simorgh_(rocket)" title="Simorgh (rocket)">Simorgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">SLS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System#Block_variants" title="Space Launch System">Block 1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2" title="Soyuz-2">Soyuz-2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2.1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-2.1a">2.1a / STA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2.1b" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-2.1b">2.1b / STB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2-1v" title="Soyuz-2-1v">2-1v</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Small Satellite Launch Vehicle">SSLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">Starship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianlong-2" title="Tianlong-2">Tianlong-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unha" title="Unha">Unha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_(rocket)" title="Vega (rocket)">Vega</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vega_C" title="Vega C">C</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_Centaur" title="Vulcan Centaur">Vulcan Centaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LandSpace" title="LandSpace">Zhuque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhuque-2" title="Zhuque-2">2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">Antares 330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloostar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloostar">Bloostar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclone-4M" title="Cyclone-4M">Cyclone-4M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_Technologies#DECA_orbital_rocket" title="Interstellar Technologies">Deca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsilon_(rocket)#Epsilon_S" title="Epsilon (rocket)">Epsilon S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilmour_Space_Technologies#Eris_orbital_rocket" title="Gilmour Space Technologies">Eris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orienspace" title="Orienspace">Gravity-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbola-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperbola-2">Hyperbola-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irtysh_(rocket)" title="Irtysh (rocket)">Irtysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuaizhou" title="Kuaizhou">Kuaizhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuaizhou_21" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuaizhou 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuaizhou_31" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuaizhou 31">31</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_(rocket_family)" title="Long March (rocket family)">Long March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_9" title="Long March 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_10" title="Long March 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_12" title="Long March 12">12</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miura_5" title="Miura 5">Miura 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace#MLV" title="Firefly Aerospace">MLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab_Neutron" title="Rocket Lab Neutron">Neutron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Glenn" title="New Glenn">New Glenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Line_1" class="mw-redirect" title="New Line 1">New Line 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_Launch_Vehicle" title="Next Generation Launch Vehicle">NGLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke_Space_Nova" title="Stoke Space Nova">Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneSpace#OS-M_series" title="OneSpace">OS-M</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OneSpace#OS-M_series" title="OneSpace">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneSpace#OS-M_series" title="OneSpace">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbex#Prime" title="Orbex">Orbex Prime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallas-1" title="Pallas-1">Pallas-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BluShift_Aerospace#Red_Dwarf" title="BluShift Aerospace">Red Dwarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">SLS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System#Block_variants" title="Space Launch System">Block 1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System#Block_variants" title="Space Launch System">Block 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-7_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-7 (rocket)">Soyuz-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terran_R" title="Terran R">Terran R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianlong-3" title="Tianlong-3">Tianlong-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VLM_(rocket)" title="VLM (rocket)">VLM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_E" class="mw-redirect" title="Vega E">Vega E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_Technologies#ZERO_orbital_rocket" title="Interstellar Technologies">Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LandSpace" title="LandSpace">Zhuque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LandSpace#Zhuque-3" title="LandSpace">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuljanah_(rocket)" title="Zuljanah (rocket)">Zuljanah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retired</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">Antares</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">130</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">230</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">230+</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_(rocket_family)" title="Ariane (rocket family)">Ariane</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_1" title="Ariane 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_2" title="Ariane 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_3" title="Ariane 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_4" title="Ariane 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_5" title="Ariane 5">5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augmented_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle">ASLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena_(rocket_family)" title="Athena (rocket family)">Athena</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athena_I" title="Athena I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena_II" title="Athena II">II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(rocket_family)" title="Atlas (rocket family)">Atlas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SM-65B_Atlas" title="SM-65B Atlas">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM-65D_Atlas" title="SM-65D Atlas">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_E/F" title="Atlas E/F">E/F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_G" title="Atlas G">G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_H" title="Atlas H">H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_I" title="Atlas I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_II" title="Atlas II">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_III" title="Atlas III">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_LV-3B" title="Atlas LV-3B">LV-3B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_SLV-3" title="Atlas SLV-3">SLV-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas-Able" title="Atlas-Able">Able</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas-Agena" title="Atlas-Agena">Agena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas-Centaur" title="Atlas-Centaur">Centaur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Arrow" title="Black Arrow">Black Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conestoga_(rocket)" title="Conestoga (rocket)">Conestoga</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_(rocket_family)" title="Delta (rocket family)">Delta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delta_A" title="Delta A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_B" title="Delta B">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_C" title="Delta C">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_D" title="Delta D">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_E" title="Delta E">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_G" title="Delta G">G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_J" title="Delta J">J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_L" title="Delta L">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_M" title="Delta M">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_N" title="Delta N">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_0100" title="Delta 0100">0100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_1000" title="Delta 1000">1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_2000" title="Delta 2000">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_3000" title="Delta 3000">3000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_4000" title="Delta 4000">4000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_5000" title="Delta 5000">5000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_II" title="Delta II">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_III" title="Delta III">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_IV" title="Delta IV">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_IV_Heavy" title="Delta IV Heavy">IV Heavy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamant_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamant (rocket)">Diamant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnepr_(rocket)" title="Dnepr (rocket)">Dnepr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energia_(rocket)" title="Energia (rocket)">Energia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsilon_(rocket)" title="Epsilon (rocket)">Epsilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(rocket)" title="Europa (rocket)">Europa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(rocket)" title="Europa (rocket)">I</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(rocket)" title="Europa (rocket)">II</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_1" title="Falcon 1">Falcon 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_v1.0" title="Falcon 9 v1.0">v1.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_v1.1" title="Falcon 9 v1.1">v1.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_Full_Thrust" title="Falcon 9 Full Thrust">v1.2 "Full Thrust"</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_Bao_1" title="Feng Bao 1">Feng Bao 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geosynchronous_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle">GSLV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSLV_Mk_I" class="mw-redirect" title="GSLV Mk I">Mk I</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-I" title="H-I">H-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-II" title="H-II">H-II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-IIB" title="H-IIB">H-IIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juno_I" title="Juno I">Juno I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juno_II" title="Juno II">Juno II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaituozhe-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaituozhe-1">Kaituozhe-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_(rocket_family)" title="Kosmos (rocket family)">Kosmos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_(rocket_family)" title="Kosmos (rocket family)">original</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-1" title="Kosmos-1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-2I" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosmos-2I">2/2I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosmos-3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-3M" title="Kosmos-3M">3M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_(rocket_family)" title="Lambda (rocket family)">Lambda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_4S" title="Lambda 4S">4S</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LauncherOne" title="LauncherOne">LauncherOne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_(rocket_family)" title="Long March (rocket family)">Long March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_1" title="Long March 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_1D" title="Long March 1D">1D</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_2A" title="Long March 2A">2A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_2E" title="Long March 2E">2E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3" title="Long March 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3B" title="Long March 3B">3B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_4A" title="Long March 4A">4A</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu_(rocket_family)" title="Mu (rocket family)">Mu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M-4S" class="mw-redirect" title="M-4S">4S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-3C" class="mw-redirect" title="M-3C">3C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-3H" class="mw-redirect" title="M-3H">3H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-3S" class="mw-redirect" title="M-3S">3S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-3SII" class="mw-redirect" title="M-3SII">3SII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-V" title="M-V">V</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N1_(rocket)" title="N1 (rocket)">N1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-I_(rocket)" title="N-I (rocket)">N-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-II_(rocket)" title="N-II (rocket)">N-II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naro-1" title="Naro-1">Naro-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paektusan_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paektusan (rocket)">Paektusan</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOTS-EV-1_Pilot" title="NOTS-EV-1 Pilot">Pilot-2</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-7_(rocket_family)" title="R-7 (rocket family)">R-7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_(rocket)" title="Luna (rocket)">Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molniya_(rocket)" title="Molniya (rocket)">Molniya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Molniya-M" title="Molniya-M">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molniya-L" class="mw-redirect" title="Molniya-L">L</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyot_(rocket)" title="Polyot (rocket)">Polyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(rocket_family)" title="Soyuz (rocket family)">Soyuz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(rocket)" title="Soyuz (rocket)">original</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-FG" title="Soyuz-FG">FG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-L" title="Soyuz-L">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-M" title="Soyuz-M">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-U" title="Soyuz-U">U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-U2" title="Soyuz-U2">U2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz/Vostok" title="Soyuz/Vostok">Soyuz/Vostok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_(rocket)" title="Sputnik (rocket)">Sputnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voskhod_(rocket)" title="Voskhod (rocket)">Voskhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_(rocket_family)" title="Vostok (rocket family)">Vostok</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-L" title="Vostok-L">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-K" title="Vostok-K">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-2_(rocket)" title="Vostok-2 (rocket)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-2M" title="Vostok-2M">2M</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-29_Vysota" title="R-29 Vysota">R-29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shtil%27" title="Shtil'">Shtil'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volna" title="Volna">Volna</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astra_Rocket" title="Astra Rocket">Rocket 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safir_(rocket)" title="Safir (rocket)">Safir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safir_(rocket)" title="Safir (rocket)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safir_(rocket)" title="Safir (rocket)">1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safir_(rocket)" title="Safir (rocket)">1B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_(rocket_family)" title="Saturn (rocket family)">Saturn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_I" title="Saturn I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_IB" title="Saturn IB">IB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_V" title="Saturn V">V</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_(rocket_family)" title="Scout (rocket family)">Scout</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scout_X-1" title="Scout X-1">X-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RM-90_Blue_Scout_II" title="RM-90 Blue Scout II">Blue Scout II</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_X-2" title="Scout X-2">X-2</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_X-2M" title="Scout X-2M">X-2M</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scout_X-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scout X-3 (page does not exist)">X-3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scout_X-3M&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scout X-3M (page does not exist)">X-3M</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scout_X-4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scout X-4 (page does not exist)">X-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_X-2B" title="Scout X-2B">X-2B</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout B">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_B-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout B-1">B-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_D-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout D-1">D-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_A-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout A-1">A-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scout_E-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scout E-1 (page does not exist)">E-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_F-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout F-1">F-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_G-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout G-1">G-1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavit_2" title="Shavit 2">Shavit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shavit_2" title="Shavit 2">original</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavit_2" title="Shavit 2">1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Satellite Launch Vehicle">SLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPARK_(rocket)" title="SPARK (rocket)">SPARK</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparta_(rocket)" title="Sparta (rocket)">Sparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS-520#SS-520-4" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-520">SS-520</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Start-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terran_1" title="Terran 1">Terran 1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(rocket_family)" title="Thor (rocket family)">Thor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Able" title="Thor-Able">Able</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Ablestar" title="Thor-Ablestar">Ablestar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Ablestar" title="Thor-Ablestar">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Ablestar" title="Thor-Ablestar">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Agena" title="Thor-Agena">Agena</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Agena" title="Thor-Agena">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Agena" title="Thor-Agena">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Agena" title="Thor-Agena">D</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Burner" title="Thor-Burner">Burner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Burner" title="Thor-Burner">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Burner" title="Thor-Burner">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Delta" title="Thor-Delta">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_DSV-2U" title="Thor DSV-2U">DSV-2U</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorad-Agena" title="Thorad-Agena">Thorad-Agena</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thorad-Agena" title="Thorad-Agena">SLV-2G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorad-Agena" title="Thorad-Agena">SLV-2H</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_(rocket_family)" title="Titan (rocket family)">Titan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Titan_II_GLV" title="Titan II GLV">II GLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IIIA" title="Titan IIIA">IIIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IIIB" title="Titan IIIB">IIIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IIIC" title="Titan IIIC">IIIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IIID" title="Titan IIID">IIID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IIIE" title="Titan IIIE">IIIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_34D" title="Titan 34D">34D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_23G" title="Titan 23G">23G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Titan_III" title="Commercial Titan III">CT-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IV" title="Titan IV">IV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon" title="Tsyklon">Tsyklon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R-36_(missile)" title="R-36 (missile)">R-36-O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon" title="Tsyklon">original</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon-2" title="Tsyklon-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon-3" title="Tsyklon-3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Rocket" title="Universal Rocket">Universal Rocket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proton_(rocket_family)" title="Proton (rocket family)">UR-500 Proton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rokot" title="Rokot">Rokot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strela_(rocket)" title="Strela (rocket)">Strela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_(rocket)" title="Vanguard (rocket)">Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_(rocket)" title="Vega (rocket)">Vega</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vega_(rocket)" title="Vega (rocket)">original</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VLS-1" title="VLS-1">VLS-1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit_(rocket_family)" title="Zenit (rocket family)">Zenit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-2" title="Zenit-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-2M" title="Zenit-2M">2M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-2M" title="Zenit-2M">2FG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-3SL" title="Zenit-3SL">3SL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-3SLB" title="Zenit-3SLB">3SLB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-3F" title="Zenit-3F">3F</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LandSpace" title="LandSpace">Zhuque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhuque-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhuque-1">1</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sounding_rocket" title="Sounding rocket">Sounding rocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small-lift_launch_vehicle" title="Small-lift launch vehicle">Small-lift launch vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium-lift_launch_vehicle" title="Medium-lift launch vehicle">Medium-lift launch vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy-lift_launch_vehicle" title="Heavy-lift launch vehicle">Heavy-lift launch vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_heavy-lift_launch_vehicle" title="Super heavy-lift launch vehicle">Super heavy-lift launch vehicle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>This Template lists historical, current, and future space rockets that at least once attempted (but not necessarily succeeded in) an orbital launch or that are planned to attempt such a launch in the future</li> <li>Symbol <sup>†</sup> indicates past or current rockets that attempted orbital launches but never succeeded (never did or has yet to perform a successful orbital launch)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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