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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Themes and philosophy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Themes_and_philosophy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Themes and philosophy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Themes_and_philosophy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Renewable_energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renewable_energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Renewable energy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renewable_energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Refusing_pessimism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Refusing_pessimism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Refusing pessimism</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Art movement and aesthetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art_movement_and_aesthetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fiction</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fiction-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Fiction subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tabletop_RPGs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tabletop_RPGs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Tabletop RPGs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tabletop_RPGs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83" title="سولار بانك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سولار بانك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solarpunk" title="Solarpunk – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Solarpunk" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solarpunk" title="Solarpunk – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Solarpunk" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BA" title="Σολαρπάνκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σολαρπάνκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solarpunk" title="Solarpunk – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Solarpunk" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solarpunk" title="Solarpunk – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Solarpunk" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solarpunk" title="Solarpunk – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Solarpunk" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9" title="سولارپانک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سولارپانک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solarpunk" title="Solarpunk – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Solarpunk" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solarpunk" title="Solarpunk – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Solarpunk" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol%C4%81rpanks" title="Solārpanks – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Solārpanks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solarpunk" title="Solarpunk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Solarpunk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solarpunk" title="Solarpunk – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Solarpunk" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solarpunk" title="Solarpunk – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Solarpunk" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solarpunk" title="Solarpunk – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Solarpunk" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Соларпанк – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Соларпанк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solarpunk" title="Solarpunk – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Solarpunk" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solarpunk" title="Solarpunk – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Solarpunk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solarpunk" title="Solarpunk – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Solarpunk" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Соларпанк – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Соларпанк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%AC%85%E5%AE%A2" title="太陽鬅客 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="太陽鬅客" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%BE%90%E5%85%8B" title="太陽龐克 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="太陽龐克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Literary and artistic movement</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Earthship_Community_home_2_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Earthship_Community_home_2_-_panoramio.jpg/241px-Earthship_Community_home_2_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="241" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Earthship_Community_home_2_-_panoramio.jpg/362px-Earthship_Community_home_2_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Earthship_Community_home_2_-_panoramio.jpg/482px-Earthship_Community_home_2_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2528" data-file-height="1888" /></a><figcaption>Solarpunk may take practical inspiration from <a href="/wiki/Earthship" title="Earthship">Earthships</a>, which are an example of <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_architecture" title="Sustainable architecture">sustainable architecture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Solarpunk</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Literary" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary">literary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Artistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Artistic">artistic</a> movement, close to the <a href="/wiki/Hopepunk" title="Hopepunk">hopepunk</a> movement,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that envisions and works toward actualizing a <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">sustainable future</a> interconnected with nature and community.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "solar" represents <a href="/wiki/Solar_energy" title="Solar energy">solar energy</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a> source and an <a href="/wiki/Optimism" title="Optimism">optimistic</a> vision of the future that rejects <a href="/wiki/Doomer" title="Doomer">climate doomerism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the "punk" refers to <a href="/wiki/Do_it_yourself" title="Do it yourself">do it yourself</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Counterculture" title="Counterculture">countercultural</a>, <a href="/wiki/Post-capitalism" title="Post-capitalism">post-capitalist</a>, and sometimes <a href="/wiki/Decoloniality" title="Decoloniality">decolonial</a> aspects of creating such a future.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> <a href="/wiki/Literary_genre" title="Literary genre">literary subgenre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Art_movement" title="Art movement">art movement</a>, solarpunk works to address how the future might look if humanity succeeded in solving major contemporary challenges with an emphasis on sustainability, <a href="/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment" title="Human impact on the environment">human impact on the environment</a>, and addressing <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">pollution</a>. Especially as a subgenre, it is aligned with <a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk_derivatives" title="Cyberpunk derivatives">cyberpunk derivatives</a>, and may borrow elements from <a href="/wiki/Utopian_and_dystopian_fiction" title="Utopian and dystopian fiction">utopian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">fantasy</a> genres.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Solarpunk serves as a foil to the cyberpunk genre, particularly within the fashion industry.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both genres create and consolidate post-industrial countercultures; Solarpunk incites rebellion through its depiction of protoenvironmental socioecological relationships, whereas Cyberpunk advances the theme of rebellion through detached secondary environments, which often takes place in tangible dataspheres, virtual landscapes, and dystopian urban environments. Solarpunk draws inspiration from <a href="/wiki/Bohemian_style" title="Bohemian style">Bohemian style</a>. The convergence of environmentalism and art serve as a framework for both subgenres. Solarpunk's interpretation of social collectivism strongly contrasts the individuality of Bohemian counterculture; Solarpunk recognizes individuality as an integral component of <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressivism</a> and identifies sociocultural distinctions as an impetus for change, though solarpunk encompasses these elements within the greater socioecological scaffolding in a manner that contrasts the Bohemian assertion that individuality alone acts as the sole impetus for change.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solarpunk&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>solarpunk</i> was coined in 2008 in a blog post titled "From Steampunk to Solarpunk",<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which the anonymous author, taking the design of the <a href="/wiki/MS_Beluga_Skysails" class="mw-redirect" title="MS Beluga Skysails">MS <i>Beluga Skysails</i></a> (the world's first ship partially powered by a computer-controlled <a href="/wiki/Kite_rig" title="Kite rig">kite rig</a>) as inspiration, conceptualizes a new speculative fiction subgenre with <a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk">steampunk</a>'s focal point on specific technologies but guided by practicality and modern economics.<sup id="cite_ref-Williams_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along a similar vein, in 2009, literary publicist Matt Staggs posted a "GreenPunk Manifesto" on his blog describing his vision of a technophilic genre focused on knowable, <a href="/wiki/Do_it_yourself" title="Do it yourself">do it yourself</a> technologies and with emphasis on positive ecological and social change.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After visual artist Olivia Louise posted concept art on <a href="/wiki/Tumblr" title="Tumblr">Tumblr</a> of a solarpunk aesthetic in 2014,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> researcher Adam Flynn contributed to the science fiction forum <a href="/wiki/Project_Hieroglyph" title="Project Hieroglyph">Project Hieroglyph</a> with further definition of the emerging genre.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-grist_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grist-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on Flynn's notes and contributions on the website solarpunks.net, <i>A Solarpunk Manifesto</i> was published in 2019. It describes solarpunk as "a movement in speculative fiction, art, fashion, and activism that seeks to answer and embody the questions 'what does a sustainable civilization look like, and how can we get there?<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2024, <i>solarpunk</i> entered <a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_Science_Fiction" title="The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction">The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction</a>. Here, James Machell points to <a href="/wiki/Songs_from_the_Stars" title="Songs from the Stars">Songs from the Stars</a> by <a href="/wiki/Norman_Spinrad" title="Norman Spinrad">Norman Spinrad</a> as the subgenre's first text, and goes on to contrast solarpunk with <a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">cyberpunk</a>, stating, "It is a rebellion against a rebellion, born out of <a href="/wiki/Dystopia" title="Dystopia">dystopia</a> fatigue."<sup id="cite_ref-sf-encyclopedia_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sf-encyclopedia-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Themes_and_philosophy">Themes and philosophy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solarpunk&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Themes and philosophy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Renewable_energy">Renewable energy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solarpunk&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Renewable energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While solarpunk has no specific political ideation, it does by default embrace the need for a collective movement away from polluting forms of energy.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It practices <a href="/wiki/Prefigurative_politics" title="Prefigurative politics">prefigurative politics</a>, creating spaces where the principles of a movement can be explored and demonstrated by enacting them in real life. Solarpunks practice the movement in various ways, including creating and living in communities (such as <a href="/wiki/Ecovillages" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecovillages">ecovillages</a>), growing their own food, and a DIY ethic of working with what is available, including the thoughtful application of technology.<sup id="cite_ref-rewire_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rewire-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Refusing_pessimism">Refusing pessimism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solarpunk&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Refusing pessimism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Solarpunk_community_center.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A Solarpunk illustration of a middle-aged woman in an orange jacket, holding a miner's helmet and a flyer. She's looking at a monument of a wind turbine engineer holding hand and helping a miner get out of a hole, a symbol of the respecialization of workers which took place in the community center below them. The building is clearly made of several different styles, a fancy solarpunk architecture covering two top floors above much simpler, glass two on the ground. The whole scene is bathed in warm light of dawn." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Solarpunk_community_center.png/220px-Solarpunk_community_center.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Solarpunk_community_center.png/330px-Solarpunk_community_center.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Solarpunk_community_center.png/440px-Solarpunk_community_center.png 2x" data-file-width="2284" data-file-height="2823" /></a><figcaption>Solarpunk works often include visions of positive social change, like the above illustration of a respecialization center for former miners who lost their profession as the world abandoned fossil fuels.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Stories set in the far future or in fantasy worlds often portray societal failures recognizable to contemporary audiences.<sup id="cite_ref-sciphijournal_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sciphijournal-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These failures may include oppressive imbalances of wealth or power, degradation of natural habitat or processes, and impacts of climate change. Evidence of injustices, like <a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">social exclusion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Environmental_racism" title="Environmental racism">environmental racism</a>, may be present. Disastrous consequences are not necessarily averted but solarpunk tends to present a counter-dystopian perspective. Their worlds are not necessarily utopian but rather solarpunk seeks to present an alternative to a pessimistic, consequential dystopian outcome.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To achieve this, themes of do it yourself ethics, convivial conservation, <a href="/wiki/Self-sustainability" title="Self-sustainability">self-sustainability</a>, social inclusiveness and <a href="/wiki/Positive_psychology" title="Positive psychology">positive psychology</a> are often present. This perspective also more closely embeds the ideals of <a href="/wiki/Punk_ideologies" title="Punk ideologies">punk ideologies</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Anti-consumerism" title="Anti-consumerism">anti-consumerism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">egalitarianism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">decentralization</a>, than cyberpunk which typically includes protagonists with punk beliefs but in settings that are used more as a warning of a potential future.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-singularity_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-singularity-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sustainable_technology">Sustainable technology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solarpunk&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sustainable technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The integration of technologies into society in a manner that improves <a href="/wiki/Social_sustainability" class="mw-redirect" title="Social sustainability">social</a>, economic and environmental <a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">sustainability</a> is central to solarpunk.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is starkly contrasted to cyberpunk which portrays highly advanced technologies that have little influence on, or otherwise exacerbate social, economic, and environmental problems. Whereas cyberpunk envisions humanity becoming more alienated from its natural environment and subsumed by technology, solarpunk envisions settings where technology enables humanity to better co-exist with itself and its environment.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Solarpunk is more similar to steampunk than cyberpunk. Both steampunk and solarpunk imagine new worlds but with different primary sources of energy; respectively, the <a href="/wiki/Steam_engine" title="Steam engine">steam engines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-longreads_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-longreads-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though, whereas steampunk focuses more on history and uses <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a> aesthetics, solarpunk uses more Art Nouveau style and looks to the future. Solarpunk also shares some elements with <a href="/wiki/Retrofuturism" title="Retrofuturism">retrofuturism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afrofuturism" title="Afrofuturism">Afrofuturism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bionics" title="Bionics">Bionics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts" class="mw-redirect" title="Arts and Crafts">Arts and Crafts</a>. The retrofuturist reevaluation of technology, its desire for understandable mechanics, and rejection of mysterious <a href="/wiki/Black_box" title="Black box">black box</a> technology, and in favor of <a href="/wiki/Appropriate_technology" title="Appropriate technology">appropriate technology</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are found in solarpunk works. As is the Afrofuturist's counter to mass-cultural homogeneity, the reckoning of injustices, and use of architecture and technology to correct power imbalances and problems in accessibility.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Do-it-yourself_ethos">Do-it-yourself ethos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solarpunk&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Do-it-yourself ethos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although solarpunk is concerned with technology, it also embraces low-tech ways of living sustainably such as <a href="/wiki/Gardening" title="Gardening">gardening</a>, <a href="/wiki/Permaculture" title="Permaculture">permaculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regenerative_design" title="Regenerative design">regenerative design</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tool_library" title="Tool library">tool libraries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hackerspace" title="Hackerspace">maker spaces</a>, <a href="/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">open-source</a>, <a href="/wiki/Positive_psychology" title="Positive psychology">positive psychology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metacognition" title="Metacognition">metacognition</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Do-it-yourself" class="mw-redirect" title="Do-it-yourself">do-it-yourself</a> ethics. Its themes may reflect on <a href="/wiki/Environmental_philosophy" title="Environmental philosophy">environmental philosophy</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Bright_green_environmentalism" title="Bright green environmentalism">bright green environmentalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">social ecology</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Punk_ideologies" title="Punk ideologies">punk ideologies</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">anarchism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-consumerism" title="Anti-consumerism">anti-consumerism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">anti-authoritarianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">anti-capitalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_and_political_rights" title="Civil and political rights">civil rights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commoning" class="mw-redirect" title="Commoning">commoning</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">decentralization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art_movement_and_aesthetics">Art movement and aesthetics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solarpunk&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Art movement and aesthetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Solarpunk_Flag_Vectorized_Version.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="solarpunk flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Solarpunk_Flag_Vectorized_Version.svg/220px-Solarpunk_Flag_Vectorized_Version.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Solarpunk_Flag_Vectorized_Version.svg/330px-Solarpunk_Flag_Vectorized_Version.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Solarpunk_Flag_Vectorized_Version.svg/440px-Solarpunk_Flag_Vectorized_Version.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a><figcaption>A proposed flag of the solarpunk movement<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (October 2024)">according to whom?</span></a></i>]</sup></figcaption></figure> <p>As an art movement, solarpunk emerged in the 2010s as a reaction to the prevalence of bleak <a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">post-apocalyptic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dystopian_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Dystopian fiction">dystopian</a> media alongside an increased awareness of social injustices, impacts of climate change, and inextricable <a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">economic inequality</a>. As <a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">post-apocalyptic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Utopian_and_dystopian_fiction" title="Utopian and dystopian fiction">dystopian</a> was ubiquitous in media, solarpunk became an attractive alternative.<sup id="cite_ref-singularity_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-singularity-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Solarpunk is optimistic yet realistic in confronting contemporary problems.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Commando_Jugendstil_Solarpunk_Platform.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An image of a former oil platform at sea, repurposed as a greenhouse and powered by wind turbines. It's a representation of solarpunk values, repurposing infrastructure and getting rid of fossil fuels" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Commando_Jugendstil_Solarpunk_Platform.jpg/220px-Commando_Jugendstil_Solarpunk_Platform.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Commando_Jugendstil_Solarpunk_Platform.jpg/330px-Commando_Jugendstil_Solarpunk_Platform.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Commando_Jugendstil_Solarpunk_Platform.jpg/440px-Commando_Jugendstil_Solarpunk_Platform.jpg 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>An image of a former oil platform at sea, repurposed as a greenhouse and powered by wind turbines</figcaption></figure> <p>The solarpunk visual identity, as expressed by Olivia Louise and subsequent artists, is compared to <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> with its depictions of plants, use of sinuous lines like <a href="/wiki/Whiplash_(decorative_art)" title="Whiplash (decorative art)">whiplash</a>, and integration of applied arts into fine arts. The ornamental <a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_movement" title="Arts and Crafts movement">Arts and Crafts movement</a>, an influence on Art Nouveau, is present<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-e-flux_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e-flux-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its built forms reflect <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Frank Lloyd Wright</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Organic_architecture" title="Organic architecture">organic architecture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sciphijournal_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sciphijournal-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The solarpunk aesthetic typically utilizes natural colors, bright greens and blues, and allusions to diverse cultural origins. Examples of this aesthetic include Boeri Studio's <a href="/wiki/Bosco_Verticale" title="Bosco Verticale">Bosco Verticale</a> in Milan, the depiction of <a href="/wiki/Wakanda" title="Wakanda">Wakanda</a> in <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Studios" title="Marvel Studios">Marvel Studios</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_(film)" title="Black Panther (film)">Black Panther</a></i> and Auroa in <i><a href="/wiki/Tom_Clancy%27s_Ghost_Recon_Breakpoint" title="Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon Breakpoint">Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon Breakpoint</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cities:_Skylines" title="Cities: Skylines">Cities: Skylines</a>'</i>s Green Cities expansion, and some <a href="/wiki/Studio_Ghibli" title="Studio Ghibli">Studio Ghibli</a> movies, particularly <i><a href="/wiki/Castle_in_the_Sky" title="Castle in the Sky">Castle in the Sky</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Nausica%C3%A4_of_the_Valley_of_the_Wind_(film)" title="Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (film)"><i>Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PCGamer_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCGamer-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contrasted to cyberpunk which is portrayed as having a dark, grim aesthetic surrounded by an artificial and domineering built environment which is reflective of alienation and subjugation, solarpunk is bright, with light often used as a motif and in imagery to convey feelings of cleanliness, abundance and equability but, also, alternatively could be used to symbolize something that "subsumes everything beneath it, [an] emblem of tyranny [and] surveillance".<sup id="cite_ref-Williams_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fiction">Fiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solarpunk&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solarpunk&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Berlin_Friedrichstra%C3%9Fe_Utopia_2048_small_file.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Berlin_Friedrichstra%C3%9Fe_Utopia_2048_small_file.jpg/220px-Berlin_Friedrichstra%C3%9Fe_Utopia_2048_small_file.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Berlin_Friedrichstra%C3%9Fe_Utopia_2048_small_file.jpg/330px-Berlin_Friedrichstra%C3%9Fe_Utopia_2048_small_file.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Berlin_Friedrichstra%C3%9Fe_Utopia_2048_small_file.jpg/440px-Berlin_Friedrichstra%C3%9Fe_Utopia_2048_small_file.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7098" data-file-height="5315" /></a><figcaption>An aerial view of a futuristic, sustainable Berlin—with lots of solar power, trees and greenery, airships, walkable streets, clean water. By Aerroscape & Lino Zeddies.</figcaption></figure> <p>In literature, solarpunk is a subgenre within science fiction, though it may also include elements of other types of <a href="/wiki/Speculative_fiction" title="Speculative fiction">speculative fiction</a> such as fantasy and utopian fiction. It is a <a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk_derivatives" title="Cyberpunk derivatives">cyberpunk derivative</a>, contrasted to <a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">cyberpunk</a> for its particular extrapolation of technology's impact on society and <a href="/wiki/Progress" title="Progress">progress</a>. Cyberpunk characters are typically those marginalized by rapid technological change or subsumed by technology, while the solarpunk archetype has been described as a "maker-hero"<sup id="cite_ref-sciphijournal_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sciphijournal-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who has witnessed environmental disaster or failures by central authorities to adapt to crises or injustice, often in defense of nature and in ways that allow the story to illustrate optimistic outcomes.<sup id="cite_ref-PCGamer_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCGamer-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its fictions illustrate feasible worlds that do not ignore the mechanics or ingredients of how it was arrived at.<sup id="cite_ref-e-flux_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e-flux-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Previously published novels that fit into this new genre included <a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Always_Coming_Home" title="Always Coming Home">Always Coming Home</a></i> (1985)<sup id="cite_ref-Wenstrom_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wenstrom-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dispossessed" title="The Dispossessed">The Dispossessed</a></i> (1974), <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Callenbach" title="Ernest Callenbach">Ernest Callenbach</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Ecotopia" title="Ecotopia">Ecotopia</a></i> (1975), <a href="/wiki/Kim_Stanley_Robinson" title="Kim Stanley Robinson">Kim Stanley Robinson</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Three_Californias_Trilogy" title="Three Californias Trilogy">Pacific Edge</a></i> (1990), and <a href="/wiki/Starhawk" title="Starhawk">Starhawk</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fifth_Sacred_Thing" title="The Fifth Sacred Thing">The Fifth Sacred Thing</a></i> (1993), largely for their depictions of contemporary worlds transitioning to more sustainable societies.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the first explicit entries published into the genre were the short stories in <a href="/wiki/Anthology" title="Anthology">anthologies</a> <i>Solarpunk: Ecological and Fantastic Stories in a Sustainable World</i> (2012) (which was the third part of the publisher's trilogy of short story collections preceded by <i>Vaporpunk</i> and <i>Dieselpunk</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Wings of Renewal: A Solarpunk Dragons Anthology</i> (2015), <i>Sunvault: Stories of Solarpunk and Eco-Speculation</i> (2017) and <i>Glass and Gardens</i> (2018).<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, author <a href="/wiki/Becky_Chambers_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Becky Chambers (author)">Becky Chambers</a> agreed to write two solarpunk novellas for <a href="/wiki/Tor_Books" title="Tor Books">Tor Books</a> and published <i><a href="/wiki/A_Psalm_for_the_Wild-Built" title="A Psalm for the Wild-Built">A Psalm for the Wild-Built</a></i> (2021) and <i><a href="/wiki/A_Prayer_for_the_Crown-Shy" title="A Prayer for the Crown-Shy">A Prayer for the Crown-Shy</a></i> (2022).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 2019 <i>Slate</i> article, author <a href="/wiki/Lee_Konstantinou" title="Lee Konstantinou">Lee Konstantinou</a> stated that solarpunk authors "...proclaim their commitment to "ingenuity, generativity, independence, and community", while going against the "nihilistic tendencies of cyberpunk and the reactionary tendencies of steampunk." He argues that solarpunk is aspirational, as it aims to provide "suggestions for the kind of science fiction or fantasy we ought to be writing".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Solarpunk can include elements of <a href="/wiki/Mundane_science_fiction" title="Mundane science fiction">mundane science fiction</a>. In a <i>Solarpunk Futures</i> interview with <a href="/wiki/Nina_Munteanu" title="Nina Munteanu">Nina Munteanu</a> about her solarpunk novel <i>A Diary in the Age of Water</i>, Munteanu said she incorporated elements of mundane science fiction to add "the gritty realism of the mundane" to the story.<sup id="cite_ref-Munteanu_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Munteanu-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solarpunk&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As in written fiction, solarpunk themes in film predate the recognition of solarpunk as a genre and the aesthetics and themes of the genre are increasingly present in contemporary works. Many of the works of <a href="/wiki/Hayao_Miyazaki" title="Hayao Miyazaki">Hayao Miyazaki</a> are recognized in hindsight as examples of early solarpunk cinema.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Additionally, the intersection of ecological stewardship and science fiction have also appeared in numerous western animated films such as <i><a href="/wiki/Treasure_Planet" title="Treasure Planet">Treasure Planet</a></i> (2002), <i><a href="/wiki/WALL-E" title="WALL-E">WALL-E</a></i> (2008), and <i><a href="/wiki/Strange_World_(film)" title="Strange World (film)">Strange World</a></i> (2022).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Examples of live action solarpunk cinema include James Cameron's <i><a href="/wiki/Avatar_(franchise)" title="Avatar (franchise)">Avatar</a></i> films and Benh Zeitlin's <i><a href="/wiki/Beasts_of_the_Southern_Wild" title="Beasts of the Southern Wild">Beasts of the Southern Wild</a></i> (2012). </p><p>In a study of the forty-four most popular American <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">science fiction films</a>, nature was found to be ignored in visions of the future, depicted in cities with <a href="/wiki/Monoculture" title="Monoculture">monoculture</a> lawns and ornamental gardens. Nature is never portrayed in these films in an innovative or integrated way with future human civilization. At best, nature is simply portrayed as a background <a href="/wiki/Motif_(visual_arts)" title="Motif (visual arts)">motif</a>. The study suggested for artists to "collaborate to imagine how to integrate nature and biodiversity into the depictions of future cities".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tabletop_RPGs">Tabletop RPGs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solarpunk&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Tabletop RPGs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alongside literature and visual art, solarpunk explorations within tabletop games have become increasingly visible. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Numenera" title="Numenera">Numenera</a></i> is <a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">post-apocalyptic</a>, but does include punk elements by having authoritarian medieval European-style governments and a reliance on sustainable technology. </p><p><i>Solarpunk 2050</i> Is a Solarpunk setting for <a href="/wiki/Fate_(role-playing_game_system)" title="Fate (role-playing game system)"><i>Fate</i> (role-playing game system)</a> published in 2023. Set in the near future, society is being rebuilt after a climate catastrophe. Three factions struggle to agree on the right way to do this. </p><p><i>Fully Automated!</i> is an open-source tabletop RPG set in the 22nd century in a post-scarcity post-capitalist society. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solarpunk&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some, like solarpunk researcher Adam Flynn, worry that solarpunk can risk being <a href="/wiki/Greenwashed" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwashed">greenwashed</a> through aesthetics that give the appearance of sustainability without addressing the root causes of actual <a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues" title="Environmental issues">environmental issues</a>. Flynn notes how depictions such as "luxury condos with a <a href="/wiki/Green_roof" title="Green roof">green roof</a> that price out existing communities and might end up doing more environmental damage" is "fake solarpunk urbanism".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solarpunk&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bosco_verticale,_Milan,_Italy_(Unsplash).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="building with green trees growing out of it" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Bosco_verticale%2C_Milan%2C_Italy_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/220px-Bosco_verticale%2C_Milan%2C_Italy_%28Unsplash%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Bosco_verticale%2C_Milan%2C_Italy_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/330px-Bosco_verticale%2C_Milan%2C_Italy_%28Unsplash%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Bosco_verticale%2C_Milan%2C_Italy_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/440px-Bosco_verticale%2C_Milan%2C_Italy_%28Unsplash%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption>Building by Stefano Boeri, an example of Solarpunk-like architecture</figcaption></figure> <p>Solarpunk architecture is characterized by combining natural elements with those of human society. It can be exemplified in small abodes that feature windmills or other green, diy off-grid technologies, as well as highly populated urban environments. </p><p>Real-life examples of solarpunk architecture include the <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Botanic_Gardens" title="Singapore Botanic Gardens">Singapore Botanic Gardens</a>, which are the only gardens to be a UNESCO World Heritage Site; Italy's <a href="/wiki/Bosco_Verticale" title="Bosco Verticale">Bosco Verticale</a>, which in 2014 became the world's first oxygen-positive skyscraper; and Bolivia's <a href="/wiki/Neo-Andean" title="Neo-Andean">Neo-Andean</a> architecture by <a href="/wiki/Freddy_Mamani_(architect)" title="Freddy Mamani (architect)">Freddy Mamani</a>, which has successfully reclaimed traditional designs used by colonized peoples in a forward-thinking, sustainable way. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solarpunk&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-primitivism" title="Anarcho-primitivism">Anarcho-primitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back-to-the-land_movement" title="Back-to-the-land movement">Back-to-the-land movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_fiction" title="Climate fiction">Climate fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottagecore" title="Cottagecore">Cottagecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degrowth" title="Degrowth">Degrowth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecocriticism" title="Ecocriticism">Ecocriticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecofiction" title="Ecofiction">Ecofiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_art" title="Environmental art">Environmental art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_justice" title="Environmental justice">Environmental justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green anarchism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noor_(novel)" title="Noor (novel)">Noor</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Nnedi_Okorafor" title="Nnedi Okorafor">Nnedi Okorafor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Ecology" title="Open Source Ecology">Open Source Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewilding_(conservation_biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rewilding (conservation biology)">Rewilding (conservation biology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technogaianism" title="Technogaianism">Technogaianism</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solarpunk&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFThompson2022" class="citation web cs1">Thompson, Claire (2022-04-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://grist.org/fix/climate-fiction/do-you-believe-in-climate-solutions-you-just-might-be-a-solarpunk/">"Do you believe in climate solutions? You just might be a solarpunk"</a>. <i>Fix</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-18</span></span>. <q>For practical inspiration, solarpunk looks to permaculture and Indigenous agriculture, sustainable architecture like Earthships and Arcosanti, as well as the maker movement and DIY culture.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fix&rft.atitle=Do+you+believe+in+climate+solutions%3F+You+just+might+be+a+solarpunk.&rft.date=2022-04-04&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgrist.org%2Ffix%2Fclimate-fiction%2Fdo-you-believe-in-climate-solutions-you-just-might-be-a-solarpunk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolarpunk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freethink.com/environment/earthships">"Earthships: The sustainable buildings made from trash"</a>. <i>Freethink</i>. 10 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Freethink&rft.atitle=Earthships%3A+The+sustainable+buildings+made+from+trash&rft.date=2022-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freethink.com%2Fenvironment%2Fearthships&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolarpunk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lithub.com/hopepunk-and-solarpunk-on-climate-narratives-that-go-beyond-the-apocalypse/">"Hopepunk and Solarpunk: On Climate Narratives That Go Beyond the Apocalypse"</a>. 22 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hopepunk+and+Solarpunk%3A+On+Climate+Narratives+That+Go+Beyond+the+Apocalypse&rft.date=2019-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flithub.com%2Fhopepunk-and-solarpunk-on-climate-narratives-that-go-beyond-the-apocalypse%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolarpunk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReina-Rozo2021" class="citation journal cs1">Reina-Rozo, Juan David (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ojs.library.queensu.ca/index.php/IJESJP/article/view/14292">"Art, Energy and Technology: the Solarpunk Movement"</a>. <i>International Journal of Engineering, Social Justice, and Peace</i>. <b>8</b> (1): 47–60. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.24908%2Fijesjp.v8i1.14292">10.24908/ijesjp.v8i1.14292</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1927-9434">1927-9434</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233805052">233805052</a>. <q>Solarpunk is a movement in speculative fiction, art, fashion, and activism that seeks to answer and embody the question 'what does a sustainable civilization look like, and how can we get there?'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Engineering%2C+Social+Justice%2C+and+Peace&rft.atitle=Art%2C+Energy+and+Technology%3A+the+Solarpunk+Movement&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=47-60&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A233805052%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1927-9434&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.24908%2Fijesjp.v8i1.14292&rft.aulast=Reina-Rozo&rft.aufirst=Juan+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fojs.library.queensu.ca%2Findex.php%2FIJESJP%2Farticle%2Fview%2F14292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolarpunk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson-NatheCharles2020" class="citation journal cs1">Anderson-Nathe, Ben; Charles, Grant (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0145935X.2020.1789297">"The Radical Potential of the Imaginary"</a>. <i>Child & Youth Services</i>. <b>41</b> (2): 105–107. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0145935X.2020.1789297">10.1080/0145935X.2020.1789297</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0145-935X">0145-935X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:221051729">221051729</a>. <q>Solarpunk might be easiest understood as a response to environmental degradation and social conflict that centers hope and possibility rather than futility and despair. It is a relatively new expression and has popped up across genres: in art, literature, and activism.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Child+%26+Youth+Services&rft.atitle=The+Radical+Potential+of+the+Imaginary&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=105-107&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A221051729%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0145-935X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0145935X.2020.1789297&rft.aulast=Anderson-Nathe&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.au=Charles%2C+Grant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F0145935X.2020.1789297&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolarpunk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillam2023" class="citation journal cs1">Gillam, William Joseph (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fphilosophies8040073">"A Solarpunk Manifesto: Turning Imaginary into Reality"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philosophies_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophies (journal)">Philosophies</a></i>. <b>8</b> (4): 73. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fphilosophies8040073">10.3390/philosophies8040073</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophies&rft.atitle=A+Solarpunk+Manifesto%3A+Turning+Imaginary+into+Reality&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=73&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fphilosophies8040073&rft.aulast=Gillam&rft.aufirst=William+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3390%252Fphilosophies8040073&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolarpunk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johnson2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson2_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson2_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2020" class="citation journal cs1">Johnson, Isaijah (May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.susted.com/wordpress/content/solarpunk-the-pedagogical-value-of-utopia_2020_05/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Solarpunk" & the Pedagogical Value of Utopia"</a>. <i>Journal of Sustainability Education</i>. <b>23</b>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Solar" is itself a reference to solar energy, from photovoltaic cells to passive heating—clean, sustainable, renewable energies with minimal carbon footprint. In the darkness of climate anxiety, solarpunk is a beam of hope showing the way toward a livable future.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Sustainability+Education&rft.atitle=%22Solarpunk%22+%26+the+Pedagogical+Value+of+Utopia&rft.volume=23&rft.date=2020-05&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Isaijah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.susted.com%2Fwordpress%2Fcontent%2Fsolarpunk-the-pedagogical-value-of-utopia_2020_05%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolarpunk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReina-Rozo2021" class="citation journal cs1">Reina-Rozo, Juan David (2021-03-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ojs.library.queensu.ca/index.php/IJESJP/article/view/14292">"Art, Energy and Technology: the Solarpunk Movement"</a>. <i>International Journal of Engineering, Social Justice, and Peace</i>. <b>8</b> (1): 47–60. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.24908%2Fijesjp.v8i1.14292">10.24908/ijesjp.v8i1.14292</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1927-9434">1927-9434</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233805052">233805052</a>. <q>The 'punk' in Solarpunk is about rebellion, counterculture, post-capitalism, decolonialism and enthusiasm. It is about going in a different direction than the mainstream, which is increasingly going in a scary direction.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Engineering%2C+Social+Justice%2C+and+Peace&rft.atitle=Art%2C+Energy+and+Technology%3A+the+Solarpunk+Movement&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=47-60&rft.date=2021-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A233805052%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1927-9434&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.24908%2Fijesjp.v8i1.14292&rft.aulast=Reina-Rozo&rft.aufirst=Juan+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fojs.library.queensu.ca%2Findex.php%2FIJESJP%2Farticle%2Fview%2F14292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolarpunk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reina-Rozo, J. D. (2021). Art, Energy and Technology: the Solarpunk Movement. International Journal of Engineering, Social Justice, and Peace, 8(1), 47–60. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.24908/ijesjp.v8i1.14292">https://doi.org/10.24908/ijesjp.v8i1.14292</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson, Elizabeth. "Bohemian dress and the heroism of everyday life." Fashion Theory 2.3 (1998): 225-244.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://republicofthebees.blogspot.com/2008/04/from-steampunk-to-solarpunk.html">"From Steampunk to Solarpunk"</a>. Republic of the Bees. 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Slate<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=slate.com&rft.atitle=Something+Is+Broken+in+Our+Science+Fiction+Why+can%27t+we+move+past+cyberpunk%3F&rft.date=2019-01-15&rft.aulast=Konstantinou&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslate.com%2Ftechnology%2F2019%2F01%2Fhopepunk-cyberpunk-solarpunk-science-fiction-broken.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolarpunk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Munteanu-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Munteanu_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorton-KertsonMunteanu2021" class="citation episode cs1">Norton-Kertson, Justine (host); <a href="/wiki/Nina_Munteanu" title="Nina Munteanu">Munteanu, Nina</a> (22 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shows.acast.com/solarpunk-futures/episodes/interview-with-nina-munteanu">"Interview with Nina Munteanu"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(podcast)</span>. <i>Solarpunk Futures</i>. Season 1. Episode 6. 6:45 minutes in. Android Press and Solarpunk Magazine<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Solarpunk+Futures&rft.series=Season+1.+Episode+6&rft.date=2021-11-22&rft.aulast=Norton-Kertson&rft.aufirst=Justine+%28host%29&rft.au=Munteanu%2C+Nina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshows.acast.com%2Fsolarpunk-futures%2Fepisodes%2Finterview-with-nina-munteanu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolarpunk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHedblomPrévotGrégoire2022" class="citation journal cs1">Hedblom, Marcus; Prévot, Anne-Caroline; Grégoire, Axelle (2022-08-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ufug.2022.127661">"Science fiction blockbuster movies – A problem or a path to urban greenery?"</a>. <i>Urban Forestry & Urban Greening</i>. <b>74</b>: 127661. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022UFUG...7427661H">2022UFUG...7427661H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ufug.2022.127661">10.1016/j.ufug.2022.127661</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1618-8667">1618-8667</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Urban+Forestry+%26+Urban+Greening&rft.atitle=Science+fiction+blockbuster+movies+%E2%80%93+A+problem+or+a+path+to+urban+greenery%3F&rft.volume=74&rft.pages=127661&rft.date=2022-08-01&rft.issn=1618-8667&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ufug.2022.127661&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2022UFUG...7427661H&rft.aulast=Hedblom&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rft.au=Pr%C3%A9vot%2C+Anne-Caroline&rft.au=Gr%C3%A9goire%2C+Axelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.ufug.2022.127661&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolarpunk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/wx5aym/solarpunk-is-not-about-pretty-aesthetics-its-about-the-end-of-capitalism">"Solarpunk Is Not About Pretty Aesthetics. It's About the End of Capitalism"</a>. <i>www.vice.com</i>. 2 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vice.com&rft.atitle=Solarpunk+Is+Not+About+Pretty+Aesthetics.+It%27s+About+the+End+of+Capitalism&rft.date=2021-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fwx5aym%2Fsolarpunk-is-not-about-pretty-aesthetics-its-about-the-end-of-capitalism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolarpunk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solarpunk&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFörtsch2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Förtsch, Michael (2019-06-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://1e9.community/t/fridays-for-future-treffen-science-fiction-was-ist-eigentlich-solarpunk/1021">"Fridays for Future treffen Science Fiction: Was ist eigentlich Solarpunk?"</a>. <i>1E9</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190922111119/https://1e9.community/t/fridays-for-future-treffen-science-fiction-was-ist-eigentlich-solarpunk/1021">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-09-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=1E9&rft.atitle=Fridays+for+Future+treffen+Science+Fiction%3A+Was+ist+eigentlich+Solarpunk%3F&rft.date=2019-06-13&rft.aulast=F%C3%B6rtsch&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F1e9.community%2Ft%2Ffridays-for-future-treffen-science-fiction-was-ist-eigentlich-solarpunk%2F1021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolarpunk" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Marshall_(New_Zealand_author)" title="Alan Marshall (New Zealand author)">Marshall, Alan</a> (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/using-beloved-works-of-literature-to-predict-the-futures-of-cities-109724">"Using beloved works of literature to predict the futures of cities"</a>, The Conversation, March 15, 2019.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2018" class="citation magazine cs1">Williams, Rhys (March 10, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/solarpunk-against-a-shitty-future/">"Solarpunk: Against a Shitty Future"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Review_of_Books" title="Los Angeles Review of Books">Los Angeles Review of Books</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=Solarpunk%3A+Against+a+Shitty+Future&rft.date=2018-03-10&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Rhys&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flareviewofbooks.org%2Farticle%2Fsolarpunk-against-a-shitty-future%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolarpunk" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReina-Rozo2021" class="citation journal cs1">Reina-Rozo, Juan David (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.24908%2Fijesjp.v8i1.14292">"Art, Energy and Technology: the Solarpunk Movement"</a>. <i>International Journal of Engineering, Social Justice, and Peace</i>. <b>8</b> (1): 47–60. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.24908%2Fijesjp.v8i1.14292">10.24908/ijesjp.v8i1.14292</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Engineering%2C+Social+Justice%2C+and+Peace&rft.atitle=Art%2C+Energy+and+Technology%3A+the+Solarpunk+Movement&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=47-60&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.24908%2Fijesjp.v8i1.14292&rft.aulast=Reina-Rozo&rft.aufirst=Juan+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.24908%252Fijesjp.v8i1.14292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolarpunk" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLynall2022" class="citation book cs1">Lynall, Gregory (2022). "Solarpunk". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-companion-to-literature-and-climate/solarpunk/5C176333194647E6F82EE1C7E5B3EFC6"><i>The Cambridge Companion to Literature and Climate</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 191–200. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-316-51216-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-316-51216-6"><bdi>978-1-316-51216-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Solarpunk&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Literature+and+Climate&rft.pages=191-200&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-316-51216-6&rft.aulast=Lynall&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Fabs%2Fcambridge-companion-to-literature-and-climate%2Fsolarpunk%2F5C176333194647E6F82EE1C7E5B3EFC6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolarpunk" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrosby2023" class="citation journal cs1">Crosby, Phillip M. (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17831%2Fenqarcc.v20i2.1159">"Towards an Anti-Antiutopia"</a>. <i>The ARCC Journal of Architectural Research</i>. <b>20</b> (2): 46–75. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17831%2Fenqarcc.v20i2.1159">10.17831/enqarcc.v20i2.1159</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+ARCC+Journal+of+Architectural+Research&rft.atitle=Towards+an+Anti-Antiutopia&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=46-75&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17831%2Fenqarcc.v20i2.1159&rft.aulast=Crosby&rft.aufirst=Phillip+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.17831%252Fenqarcc.v20i2.1159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolarpunk" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solarpunk&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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.sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Solarpunk</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/solarpunk" class="extiw" title="wikt:solarpunk">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Solarpunk" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Solarpunk">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72206346" class="extiw" title="d:Q72206346">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wvupressonline.com/almanac-for-the-anthropocene">Almanac for the Anthropocene: A Compendium of Solarpunk Futures</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/solarpunks/solarpunk-a-reference-guide-8bcf18871965">Solarpunk: A Reference Guide</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarpunks.net/">Solarpunks.net</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Cyberpunk" title="Template:Cyberpunk"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cyberpunk" title="Template talk:Cyberpunk"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cyberpunk" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cyberpunk"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cyberpunk" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_cyberpunk_works" title="List of cyberpunk works">List of cyberpunk works</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contributors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Bethke" title="Bruce Bethke">Bruce Bethke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Cadigan" title="Pat Cadigan">Pat Cadigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_K._Dick" title="Philip K. Dick">Philip K. Dick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gibson" title="William Gibson">William Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gakury%C5%AB_Ishii" title="Gakuryū Ishii">Sogo Ishii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Maddox" title="Tom Maddox">Tom Maddox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamoru_Oshii" title="Mamoru Oshii">Mamoru Oshii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katsuhiro_Otomo" title="Katsuhiro Otomo">Katsuhiro Otomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Rucker" title="Rudy Rucker">Rudy Rucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Shirley" title="John Shirley">John Shirley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masamune_Shirow" title="Masamune Shirow">Masamune Shirow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_Stephenson" title="Neal Stephenson">Neal Stephenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Sterling" title="Bruce Sterling">Bruce Sterling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subcultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cyberpunk" title="Japanese cyberpunk">Japanese cyberpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberdelic" title="Cyberdelic">Cyberdelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybergoth" title="Cybergoth">Cybergoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypherpunk" title="Cypherpunk">Cypherpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrohippies" title="Electrohippies">Electrohippies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Themes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Philosophy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanism" title="Transhumanism">Transhumanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_liberty" title="Cognitive liberty">Cognitive liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morphological_freedom" title="Morphological freedom">Morphological freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_enhancement" title="Human enhancement">Human enhancement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_in_fiction" title="Artificial intelligence in fiction">AI in fiction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberspace" title="Cyberspace">Cyberspace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybercrime" title="Cybercrime">Cybercrime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_culture" title="Internet culture">Cyberculture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Revolution">Digital Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Information_Age" title="Information Age">Information Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Information revolution">Information revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">Information technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megacorporation" title="Megacorporation">Megacorporation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evil_corporation" title="Evil corporation">Evil corporation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">Virtual reality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augmented_reality" title="Augmented reality">Augmented reality</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk_derivatives" title="Cyberpunk derivatives">Derivative genres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postcyberpunk" class="mw-redirect" title="Postcyberpunk">Postcyberpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_noir" title="Tech noir">Tech noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk">Steampunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_steampunk_works" title="List of steampunk works">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieselpunk" title="Dieselpunk">Dieselpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biopunk" title="Biopunk">Biopunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biopunk_works" title="List of biopunk works">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanopunk" title="Nanopunk">Nanopunk</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Solarpunk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span></b> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Cyberpunk" title="Category:Cyberpunk">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Science_fiction" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Science_fiction" title="Template:Science fiction"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Science_fiction" title="Template talk:Science fiction"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Science_fiction" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Science fiction"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Science_fiction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">Science fiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_science_fiction" title="Outline of science fiction">Outline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science-fiction_authors" title="List of science-fiction authors">Authors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Definitions_of_science_fiction" title="Definitions of science fiction">Definitions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropological_science_fiction" title="Anthropological science fiction">Anthropological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_science_fiction" title="Hard science fiction">Hard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_romance" title="Scientific romance">Scientific romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_science_fiction" title="Soft science fiction">Soft</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Science_Fiction" title="Golden Age of Science Fiction">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_fiction" title="History of science fiction">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="New Wave science fiction">New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_science_fiction" title="Timeline of science fiction">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subgenres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comedy" title="Science fiction comedy">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_sitcoms" class="mw-redirect" title="List of science fiction sitcoms">Sitcoms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_science_fiction" title="Feminist science fiction">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimdark" title="Grimdark">Grimdark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_space_(science_fiction)" title="Inner space (science fiction)">Inner space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha" title="Mecha">Mecha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecha_anime_and_manga" title="Mecha anime and manga">Anime and manga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundane_science_fiction" title="Mundane science fiction">Mundane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_warfare_in_science_fiction" title="Space warfare in science fiction">Space warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_science_fiction" title="Military science fiction">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_opera" title="Space opera">Space opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Space Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_universes_in_fiction" title="Parallel universes in fiction">Parallel universes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dying_Earth_(genre)" title="Dying Earth (genre)">Dying Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_romance" title="Planetary romance">Planetary romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_fiction" title="Superhero fiction">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_and_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sword and planet">Sword and planet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_science_fiction" title="Social science fiction">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_fiction" title="Climate fiction">Climate fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_science_fiction" title="Christian science fiction">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_science_fiction" title="Libertarian science fiction">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_and_dystopian_fiction" title="Utopian and dystopian fiction">Utopian and dystopian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_noir" title="Tech noir">Tech noir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spy-Fi_(subgenre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spy-Fi (subgenre)">Spy-Fi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-thriller" title="Techno-thriller">Techno-thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_underwater_science_fiction_works" title="List of underwater science fiction works">Underwater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk_derivatives" title="Cyberpunk derivatives">Cyberpunk derivatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cyberpunk" title="Japanese cyberpunk">Japanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biopunk" title="Biopunk">Biopunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieselpunk" title="Dieselpunk">Dieselpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanopunk" title="Nanopunk">Nanopunk</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Solarpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk">Steampunk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_convention" title="Science fiction convention">Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_fandom" title="Science fiction fandom">Fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science-fiction_fanzine" title="Science-fiction fanzine">Fanzines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">ISFDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_libraries_and_museums" title="Science fiction libraries and museums">Libraries and museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMP_Museum#Science_Fiction_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="EMP Museum">Science Fiction Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_studies" title="Science fiction studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_speculative_fiction" title="Women in speculative fiction">Women in SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldcon" title="Worldcon">Worldcon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_science_fiction" title="Australian science fiction">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_science_fiction" title="Bengali science fiction">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_science_fiction" title="Brazilian science fiction">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_science_fiction" title="Canadian science fiction">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_science_fiction" title="Chilean science fiction">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_science_fiction" title="Chinese science fiction">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_science_fiction" title="Croatian science fiction">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_science_fiction_and_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech science fiction and fantasy">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_science_fiction" title="Estonian science fiction">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_science_fiction" title="French science fiction">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_science_fiction" title="Hungarian science fiction">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_science_fiction" title="Japanese science fiction">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_science_fiction" title="Norwegian science fiction">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_and_fantasy_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Science fiction and fantasy in Poland">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_science_fiction" title="Romanian science fiction">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_science_fiction_and_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian science fiction and fantasy">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_science_fiction" title="Serbian science fiction">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_science_fiction" title="Spanish science fiction">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_science_fiction" title="Yugoslav science fiction">Yugoslav</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cinematic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne_Awards" title="Jules Verne Awards">Jules Verne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Awards" title="Saturn Awards">Saturn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literary, art,<br />and audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astounding_Award_for_Best_New_Writer" title="Astounding Award for Best New Writer">Astounding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurealis_Award" title="Aurealis Award">Aurealis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSFA_Award" title="BSFA Award">BSFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Campbell_Memorial_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Novel" title="John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Science Fiction Novel">Campbell Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesley_Awards" title="Chesley Awards">Chesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke_Award" title="Arthur C. Clarke Award">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compton_Crook_Award" title="Compton Crook Award">Crook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Science_Fiction_Preis" title="Deutscher Science Fiction Preis">Deutscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_K._Dick_Award" title="Philip K. Dick Award">Dick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditmar_Award" title="Ditmar Award">Ditmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endeavour_Award" title="Endeavour Award">Endeavor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FantLab%27s_Book_of_the_Year_Award" title="FantLab's Book of the Year Award">FantLab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Award_(China)" title="Galaxy Award (China)">Galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Gaughan_Award" title="Jack Gaughan Award">Gaughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geffen_Award" title="Geffen Award">Geffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Duck_Award" title="Golden Duck Award">Golden Duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damon_Knight_Memorial_Grand_Master_Award" title="Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award">Grand Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_prix_de_l%27Imaginaire" title="Grand prix de l'Imaginaire">Grand Prix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Harland_Prize" title="Paul Harland Prize">Harland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein_Award" title="Robert A. Heinlein Award">Heinlein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premio_Ignotus" title="Premio Ignotus">Ignotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitschies" title="Kitschies">Kitschies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lambda_Literary_Awards_winners_and_nominees_for_science_fiction,_fantasy_and_horror" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Lambda Literary Awards winners and nominees for science fiction, fantasy and horror">Lambda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurd_La%C3%9Fwitz_Award" title="Kurd Laßwitz Award">Laßwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award" title="Locus Award">Locus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautilus_Award" title="Nautilus Award">Nautilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebula_Award" title="Nebula Award">Nebula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nommo_Awards" title="Nommo Awards">Nommo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Norton_Award" title="Andre Norton Award">Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsec_Awards" title="Parsec Awards">Parsec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Award" title="Prometheus Award">Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhysling_Award" title="Rhysling Award">Rhysling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SFERA_Award" title="SFERA Award">SFERA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidewise_Award_for_Alternate_History" title="Sidewise Award for Alternate History">Sidewise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_E._Smith_Memorial_Award" title="Edward E. Smith Memorial Award">Skylark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sturgeon_Award" title="Theodore Sturgeon Award">Sturgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunburst_Award" title="Sunburst Award">Sunburst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A4htivaeltaja_Award" title="Tähtivaeltaja Award">Tähtivaeltaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBD_Science_Fiction_Story_Award" title="TBD Science Fiction Story Award">TBD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tiptree_Jr._Award" class="mw-redirect" title="James Tiptree Jr. Award">Tiptree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_Apollo_Award" title="Prix Apollo Award">Tour-Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Fiction_%26_Fantasy_Translation_Awards" title="Science Fiction & Fantasy Translation Awards">Translation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urania_Award" title="Urania Award">Urania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Julius_Vogel_Award" title="Sir Julius Vogel Award">Vogel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writers_of_the_Future" class="mw-redirect" title="Writers of the Future">Writers and Illustrators of the Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janusz_A._Zajdel_Award" title="Janusz A. Zajdel Award">Zajdel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multimedia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_Awards" title="Aurora Awards">Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandler_Award" title="Chandler Award">Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Awards" title="Dragon Awards">Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiun_Award" title="Seiun Award">Seiun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaylactic_Spectrum_Awards" title="Gaylactic Spectrum Awards">Spectrum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">Film</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_fiction_films" title="History of science fiction films">Film history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_science_fiction_films" title="Lists of science fiction films">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_films_in_India" title="Science fiction films in India">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_science_fiction" title="Japanese science fiction">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_anime" title="List of science fiction anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comics" title="Science fiction comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_magazine" title="Science fiction magazine">Magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_novels" title="List of science fiction novels">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_publishers" title="List of science fiction publishers">Publishers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_short_stories" title="List of science fiction short stories">Short stories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_opera" title="Science fiction opera">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_theatre" title="Science fiction theatre">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_on_television" title="Science fiction on television">Television</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_television_programs" title="List of science fiction television programs">List of TV shows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_science_fiction_television" title="Australian science fiction television">Australasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_television_science_fiction" title="British television science fiction">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_science_fiction_television" title="Canadian science fiction television">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_on_television#Continental_European_science_fiction_series" title="Science fiction on television">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_science_fiction" title="Japanese science fiction">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_anime" title="List of science fiction anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Live-action</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._television_science_fiction" title="U.S. television science fiction">U.S.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_themes" title="List of science fiction themes">Themes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_architecture" title="Space architecture">Architectural</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_colonization" title="Space colonization">Colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyson_sphere" title="Dyson sphere">Dyson sphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrioshka_brain" title="Matrioshka brain">Matrioshka brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_stations_and_habitats_in_fiction" title="Space stations and habitats in fiction">Space stations and habitats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_engine" title="Stellar engine">Stellar engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terraforming_in_popular_culture" title="Terraforming in popular culture">Terraforming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biology_in_fiction" title="Biology in fiction">Biological</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_warfare_in_popular_culture" title="Biological warfare in popular culture">Biological warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_being" title="Energy being">Energy being</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_in_fiction" title="Evolution in fiction">Evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrials_in_fiction" title="Extraterrestrials in fiction">Extraterrestrials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_fictional_extraterrestrials" title="Lists of fictional extraterrestrials">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_speculative_fiction" title="Gender in speculative fiction">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_engineering_in_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic engineering in science fiction">Genetic engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invisibility_in_fiction" title="Invisibility in fiction">Invisibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanotechnology_in_fiction" title="Nanotechnology in fiction">Nanotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_transplantation_in_fiction" title="Organ transplantation in fiction">Organ transplantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasites_in_fiction" title="Parasites in fiction">Parasites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosthetics_in_fiction" title="Prosthetics in fiction">Prosthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction" title="Sex and sexuality in speculative fiction">Sex and sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbiosis_in_fiction" title="Symbiosis in fiction">Symbiosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansible" title="Ansible">Ansible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_holes_in_fiction" title="Black holes in fiction">Black holes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrasolar_planets_in_fiction" title="Extrasolar planets in fiction">Extrasolar planets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_field_(technology)" title="Force field (technology)">Force field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperspace" title="Hyperspace">Hyperspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inertialess_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Inertialess drive">Inertialess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiverse" title="Multiverse">Multiverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_universes_in_fiction" title="Parallel universes in fiction">Parallel universes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_hole" title="Portable hole">Portable hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_travel_in_science_fiction" title="Space travel in science fiction">Space travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stargate_(device)" title="Stargate (device)">Stargate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stars_in_fiction" title="Stars in fiction">Stars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleportation_in_fiction" title="Teleportation in fiction">Teleportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_travel_in_fiction" title="Time travel in fiction">Time travel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_viewer" title="Time viewer">Viewer</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warp_drive" title="Warp drive">Warp drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wormholes_in_fiction" title="Wormholes in fiction">Wormhole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Psychological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_mind_(science_fiction)" title="Group mind (science fiction)">Group mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind_uploading_in_fiction" title="Mind uploading in fiction">Mind uploading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psionics" title="Psionics">Psionics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulated_consciousness_in_fiction" title="Simulated consciousness in fiction">Simulated consciousness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africanfuturism" title="Africanfuturism">Africanfuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrofuturism" title="Afrofuturism">Afrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_invasion" title="Alien invasion">Alien invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_language" title="Alien language">Alien language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_astronauts_in_popular_culture" title="Ancient astronauts in popular culture">Ancient astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_science_fiction" title="Black science fiction">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_corporation" title="Evil corporation">Evil corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_contact_(science_fiction)" title="First contact (science fiction)">First contact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_complex" title="Frankenstein complex">Frankenstein complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_empire" title="Galactic empire">Galactic empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_speculative_fiction" title="LGBT themes in speculative fiction">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Message_from_space_(science_fiction)" title="Message from space (science fiction)">Message from space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanism_in_fiction" title="Transhumanism in fiction">Transhumanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uplift_(science_fiction)" title="Uplift (science fiction)">Uplift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenoarchaeology" title="Xenoarchaeology">Xenoarchaeology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_in_fiction" title="Artificial intelligence in fiction">Artificial intelligence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AI_takeover_in_popular_culture" title="AI takeover in popular culture">AI takeover</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_engineering" title="Astronomical engineering">Astroengineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holography_in_fiction" title="Holography in fiction">Holography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_robots_and_androids" title="List of fictional robots and androids">Robots</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyborgs_in_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyborgs in fiction">Cyborgs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-replicating_machines_in_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-replicating machines in fiction">Self-replicating machines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulated_reality" title="Simulated reality">Simulated reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_spacecraft" title="List of fictional spacecraft">Spacecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachyons_in_fiction" title="Tachyons in fiction">Tachyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapons_in_science_fiction" title="Weapons in science fiction">Weapons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_science_fiction" title="Christian science fiction">Christian science fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternate_history" title="Alternate history">Alternate history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_fictional_astronauts" title="Lists of fictional astronauts">Fictional astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Fictional technology">Fictional technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_history" title="Future history">Future history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction" title="Horror fiction">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">Magic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Science_Fiction" title="Museum of Science Fiction">Museum of Science Fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubber_science" title="Rubber science">Rubber science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_studies" title="Science and technology studies">Science and technology studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sense_of_wonder" title="Sense of wonder">Sense of wonder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculative_fiction" title="Speculative fiction">Speculative fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural_fiction" title="Supernatural fiction">Supernatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_and_society" title="Technology and society">Technology and society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_fiction" title="Weird fiction">Weird</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Science_fiction" title="Category:Science fiction">Category</a></li><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" 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