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<button aria-controls="toc-Geography_and_chronology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography and chronology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography_and_chronology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Periodization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Periodization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Periodization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Periodization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_or_Western" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_or_Western"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Early or Western</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_or_Western-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Eastern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Origins-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Origins subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetic_evidence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetic_evidence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Genetic evidence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetic_evidence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Land_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Land_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Land use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Land_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographic_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographic_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographic history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographic_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Material_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Material_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Material culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Material_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Material culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Material_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tool_kit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tool_kit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Tool kit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tool_kit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Settlement_patterns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Settlement_patterns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Settlement patterns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Settlement_patterns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funerary_customs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funerary_customs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Funerary customs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funerary_customs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Overall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Overall</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Models</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Dates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.4</span> <span>People</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Places" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.5</span> <span>Places</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Linear Pottery culture</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Культура лінейна-стужкавай керамікі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Культура лінейна-стужкавай керамікі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultura_trakaste_keramike" title="Kultura trakaste keramike – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kultura trakaste keramike" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_de_la_cer%C3%A0mica_de_bandes" title="Cultura de la ceràmica de bandes – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cultura de la ceràmica de bandes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultura_s_line%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_keramikou" title="Kultura s lineární keramikou – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kultura s lineární keramikou" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A5ndkeramiske_kultur" title="Båndkeramiske kultur – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Båndkeramiske kultur" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linearbandkeramische_Kultur" title="Linearbandkeramische Kultur – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Linearbandkeramische Kultur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%89%CF%84%CE%AE_%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Γραμμική ταινιωτή κεραμική – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γραμμική ταινιωτή κεραμική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_de_la_cer%C3%A1mica_de_bandas" title="Cultura de la cerámica de bandas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cultura de la cerámica de bandas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liniceramika_kulturo" title="Liniceramika kulturo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Liniceramika kulturo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lerrodun_zeramikaren_kultura_(LBK)" title="Lerrodun zeramikaren kultura (LBK) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lerrodun zeramikaren kultura (LBK)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="فرهنگ لینربندکرامیک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرهنگ لینربندکرامیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_ruban%C3%A9e" title="Culture rubanée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Culture rubanée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_da_oler%C3%ADa_de_bandas" title="Cultura da olería de bandas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cultura da olería de bandas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%A0%ED%98%95_%ED%86%A0%EA%B8%B0_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94" title="선형 토기 문화 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="선형 토기 문화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultura_linearnotrakaste_keramike" title="Kultura linearnotrakaste keramike – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kultura linearnotrakaste keramike" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_della_ceramica_lineare" title="Cultura della ceramica lineare – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cultura della ceramica lineare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C-%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ხაზოვან-ლენტური კერამიკის კულტურა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხაზოვან-ლენტური კერამიკის კულტურა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juostin%C4%97s_keramikos_kult%C5%ABra" title="Juostinės keramikos kultūra – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Juostinės keramikos kultūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandkeramieke_cultuur" title="Bandkeramieke cultuur – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Bandkeramieke cultuur" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultur_de_vasos_de_bandas" title="Cultur de vasos de bandas – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cultur de vasos de bandas" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vonald%C3%ADszes_ker%C3%A1mia_kult%C3%BAr%C3%A1ja" title="Vonaldíszes kerámia kultúrája – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vonaldíszes kerámia kultúrája" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandkeramische_cultuur" title="Bandkeramische cultuur – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bandkeramische cultuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B7%9A%E5%B8%AF%E6%96%87%E5%9C%9F%E5%99%A8%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="線帯文土器文化 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="線帯文土器文化" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_b%C3%A5ndkeramiske_kulturen" title="Den båndkeramiske kulturen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den båndkeramiske kulturen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultura_ceramiki_wst%C4%99gowej_rytej" title="Kultura ceramiki wstęgowej rytej – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kultura ceramiki wstęgowej rytej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Культура линейно-ленточной керамики – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Культура линейно-ленточной керамики" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_Pottery_culture" title="Linear Pottery culture – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Linear Pottery culture" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kult%C3%BAra_s_line%C3%A1rnou_keramikou" title="Kultúra s lineárnou keramikou – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kultúra s lineárnou keramikou" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultura_linearnotrakaste_keramike" title="Kultura linearnotrakaste keramike – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kultura linearnotrakaste keramike" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauhakeraaminen_kulttuuri" title="Nauhakeraaminen kulttuuri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nauhakeraaminen kulttuuri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandkeramiska_kulturen" title="Bandkeramiska kulturen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bandkeramiska kulturen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Major archaeological horizon of the European Neolithic</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"LBK" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/LBK_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="LBK (disambiguation)">LBK (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Old_Europe_(archaeology)" title="Old Europe (archaeology)">Old Europe (archaeology)</a></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Linear Pottery culture</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:European-middle-neolithic-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/European-middle-neolithic-en.svg/220px-European-middle-neolithic-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/European-middle-neolithic-en.svg/330px-European-middle-neolithic-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/European-middle-neolithic-en.svg/440px-European-middle-neolithic-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1042" data-file-height="893" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_horizon" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeological horizon">Horizon</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Old_Europe_(archaeology)" title="Old Europe (archaeology)">Old Europe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Geographical range</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Period</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Europe" title="Neolithic Europe">Neolithic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dates</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 5500 BC</span> — <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 4500 BC</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major sites</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Langweiler_(archaeological_site)" title="Langweiler (archaeological site)">Langweiler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bylany_(archaeological_site)" title="Bylany (archaeological site)">Bylany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitra" title="Nitra">Nitra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zwenkau" title="Zwenkau">Zwenkau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brunn_am_Gebirge" title="Brunn am Gebirge">Brunn am Gebirge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elsloo,_Limburg" title="Elsloo, Limburg">Elsloo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sittard" title="Sittard">Sittard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lindenthal,_Cologne" title="Lindenthal, Cologne">Lindenthal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aldenhoven" title="Aldenhoven">Aldenhoven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flomborn" title="Flomborn">Flomborn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rixheim" title="Rixheim">Rixheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6ssen" class="mw-redirect" title="Rössen">Rössen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Os%C5%82onki" title="Osłonki">Osłonki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eythra" title="Eythra">Eythra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vrable" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrable">Vrable</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Star%C4%8Devo%E2%80%93K%C5%91r%C3%B6s%E2%80%93Cri%C8%99_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Starčevo–Kőrös–Criș culture">Starčevo–Kőrös–Criș culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesolithic Europe">Mesolithic Europe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Followed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stroke-ornamented_ware_culture" title="Stroke-ornamented ware culture">Stroke-ornamented ware culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6ssen_culture" title="Rössen culture">Rössen culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lengyel_culture" title="Lengyel culture">Lengyel culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cucuteni-Trypillian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Cucuteni-Trypillian culture">Cucuteni-Trypillian culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michelsberg_culture" title="Michelsberg culture">Michelsberg culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Funnelbeaker_culture" title="Funnelbeaker culture">Funnelbeaker culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinkelstein_culture" title="Hinkelstein culture">Hinkelstein culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cerny_culture" title="Cerny culture">Cerny culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chass%C3%A9en_culture" title="Chasséen culture">Chasséen culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boian_culture" title="Boian culture">Boian culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tisza_culture" title="Tisza culture">Tisza culture</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_spread_of_Neolithic_farming_cultures_in_Europe1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Map_of_the_spread_of_Neolithic_farming_cultures_in_Europe1.jpg/261px-Map_of_the_spread_of_Neolithic_farming_cultures_in_Europe1.jpg" decoding="async" width="261" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Map_of_the_spread_of_Neolithic_farming_cultures_in_Europe1.jpg/392px-Map_of_the_spread_of_Neolithic_farming_cultures_in_Europe1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Map_of_the_spread_of_Neolithic_farming_cultures_in_Europe1.jpg/522px-Map_of_the_spread_of_Neolithic_farming_cultures_in_Europe1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3158" data-file-height="2114" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the Neolithic expansions from the 7th to the 5th millennium BC</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Linear Pottery culture</b> (<b>LBK</b>) is a major <a href="/wiki/Horizon_(archaeology)" title="Horizon (archaeology)">archaeological horizon</a> of the European <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> period, flourishing <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 5500–4500 BC</span>. Derived from the <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> <i>Linearbandkeramik</i>, it is also known as the <b>Linear Band Ware</b>, <b>Linear Ware</b>, <b>Linear Ceramics</b> or <b>Incised Ware culture</b>, falling within the <a href="/wiki/Danubian_culture" title="Danubian culture">Danubian I</a> culture of <a href="/wiki/V._Gordon_Childe" title="V. Gordon Childe">V. Gordon Childe</a>. </p><p>Most cultural evidence has been found on the middle <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>, the upper and middle <a href="/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe">Elbe</a>, and the upper and middle <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a>. It represents a major event in the initial spread of agriculture in Europe. The pottery consists of simple cups, bowls, vases, jugs without handles and, in a later phase, with pierced <a href="/wiki/Lug_(knob)" title="Lug (knob)">lugs</a>, bases, and necks.<sup id="cite_ref-Hib121_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hib121-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Important sites include <a href="/wiki/Vrable" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrable">Vrable</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nitra" title="Nitra">Nitra</a> in <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bylany_(archaeology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bylany (archaeology)">Bylany</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>; <a href="/wiki/Langweiler_(archaeological_site)" title="Langweiler (archaeological site)">Langweiler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zwenkau" title="Zwenkau">Zwenkau</a> (Eythra) in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>; <a href="/wiki/Brunn_am_Gebirge" title="Brunn am Gebirge">Brunn am Gebirge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>; <a href="/wiki/Elsloo,_Limburg" title="Elsloo, Limburg">Elsloo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sittard" title="Sittard">Sittard</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln-Lindenthal" class="mw-redirect" title="Köln-Lindenthal">Köln-Lindenthal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aldenhoven" title="Aldenhoven">Aldenhoven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flomborn" title="Flomborn">Flomborn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rixheim" title="Rixheim">Rixheim</a> on the Rhine; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lautereck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lautereck (page does not exist)">Lautereck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hienheim" title="Hienheim">Hienheim</a> on the upper Danube; and <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6ssen" class="mw-redirect" title="Rössen">Rössen</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonderhausen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sonderhausen (page does not exist)">Sonderhausen</a> on the middle Elbe. In 2019, two large <a href="/wiki/Rondel_enclosure" class="mw-redirect" title="Rondel enclosure">Rondel</a> complexes were discovered east of the <a href="/wiki/Vistula_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Vistula River">Vistula River</a> near <a href="/wiki/Toru%C5%84" title="Toruń">Toruń</a> in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of cultures ultimately replaced the Linear Pottery culture over its range, but without a one-to-one correspondence between its variants and the replacing cultures. Some of the <a href="/wiki/Successor_culture" title="Successor culture">successor cultures</a> are the <a href="/wiki/Hinkelstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Hinkelstein">Hinkelstein</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gro%C3%9Fgartach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Großgartach (page does not exist)">Großgartach</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6ssen_culture" title="Rössen culture">Rössen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lengyel_culture" title="Lengyel culture">Lengyel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cucuteni-Trypillian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Cucuteni-Trypillian culture">Cucuteni-Trypillian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Boian-Maritza_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Boian-Maritza Culture">Boian-Maritza</a> cultures. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linear_Pottery_culture&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:01975_0037_Gef%C3%A4%C3%9Fe_der_Linearbandkeramische_Kultur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/01975_0037_Gef%C3%A4%C3%9Fe_der_Linearbandkeramische_Kultur.jpg/185px-01975_0037_Gef%C3%A4%C3%9Fe_der_Linearbandkeramische_Kultur.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/01975_0037_Gef%C3%A4%C3%9Fe_der_Linearbandkeramische_Kultur.jpg/278px-01975_0037_Gef%C3%A4%C3%9Fe_der_Linearbandkeramische_Kultur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/01975_0037_Gef%C3%A4%C3%9Fe_der_Linearbandkeramische_Kultur.jpg/370px-01975_0037_Gef%C3%A4%C3%9Fe_der_Linearbandkeramische_Kultur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="833" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Linear Pottery</figcaption></figure> <p>The term "Linear Band Ware" derives from the pottery's decorative technique. The "Band Ware" or <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bandkeramik</i></span> part of it began as an innovation of the German archaeologist, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Klopfleisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Klopfleisch (page does not exist)">Friedrich Klopfleisch</a> (1831–1898).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest generally accepted name in English was the Danubian of <a href="/wiki/V._Gordon_Childe" title="V. Gordon Childe">V. Gordon Childe</a>. Most names in English are attempts to translate <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Linearbandkeramik</i></span>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Since <a href="/wiki/Star%C4%8Devo_culture" title="Starčevo culture">Starčevo-Körös</a> pottery was earlier than the LBK and was located in a contiguous food-producing region, the early investigators looked for precedents there. Much of the Starčevo-Körös pottery features decorative patterns composed of convolute bands of paint: spirals, converging bands, vertical bands, and so on. The LBK appears to imitate and often improve these convolutions with incised lines; hence the term, linear, to distinguish incised band ware from painted band ware.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The name depends on specialized meanings of "linear" and "band", whether in English or in German. These words without the qualifiers do not describe the decoration. There are few bands going around the pottery and the lines are mainly not straight.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_chronology">Geography and chronology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linear_Pottery_culture&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography and chronology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It began in regions of densest occupation on the middle Danube (<a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia">Moravia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>) and spread over about 1,500 km (930 mi) along the rivers in 360 years. The rate of expansion was therefore about 4 km (2.5 mi) per year.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The LBK was concentrated somewhat inland from the coastal areas; i.e., it is not evidenced in <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> or the northern coastal strips of <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, or the coast of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> in <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>. The northern coastal regions remained occupied by <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a> cultures exploiting the then rich <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_salmon" title="Atlantic salmon">Atlantic salmon</a> runs. There are lighter concentrations of LBK in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, such as at <a href="/wiki/Elsloo,_Limburg" title="Elsloo, Limburg">Elsloo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, with the sites of Darion, Remicourt, Fexhe, or Waremme-Longchamps and at the mouths of the <a href="/wiki/Oder" title="Oder">Oder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vistula" title="Vistula">Vistula</a>. Evidently, the Neolithics and Mesolithics were not excluding each other.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The LBK at maximum extent ranged from about the line of the <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a>–<a href="/wiki/Oise" title="Oise">Oise</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paris_Basin" title="Paris Basin">Paris Basin</a>) eastward to the line of the <a href="/wiki/Dnieper" title="Dnieper">Dnieper</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and southward to the line of the upper <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> down to the big bend. An extension ran through the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Bug" title="Southern Bug">Southern Bug</a> valley, leaped to the valley of the Dniester, and swerved southward from the middle Dniester to the lower Danube in eastern Romania, east of the <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Mountains" title="Carpathian Mountains">Carpathians</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Johann_Christian_Brand_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Danube lands near Vienna"><img alt="Danube lands near Vienna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Johann_Christian_Brand_002.jpg/150px-Johann_Christian_Brand_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Johann_Christian_Brand_002.jpg/225px-Johann_Christian_Brand_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Johann_Christian_Brand_002.jpg/300px-Johann_Christian_Brand_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1421" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Danube lands near Vienna</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DonauknieVisegrad.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Danube bend in Hungary"><img alt="The Danube bend in Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/DonauknieVisegrad.jpg/150px-DonauknieVisegrad.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/DonauknieVisegrad.jpg/225px-DonauknieVisegrad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/DonauknieVisegrad.jpg/300px-DonauknieVisegrad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Danube bend in Hungary</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elbe_-_flussabw%C3%A4rts_kurz_nach_Ort_K%C3%B6nigstein.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Elbe"><img alt="The Elbe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Elbe_-_flussabw%C3%A4rts_kurz_nach_Ort_K%C3%B6nigstein.jpg/150px-Elbe_-_flussabw%C3%A4rts_kurz_nach_Ort_K%C3%B6nigstein.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Elbe_-_flussabw%C3%A4rts_kurz_nach_Ort_K%C3%B6nigstein.jpg/225px-Elbe_-_flussabw%C3%A4rts_kurz_nach_Ort_K%C3%B6nigstein.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Elbe_-_flussabw%C3%A4rts_kurz_nach_Ort_K%C3%B6nigstein.jpg/300px-Elbe_-_flussabw%C3%A4rts_kurz_nach_Ort_K%C3%B6nigstein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Elbe</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oder_Fluss.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Oder"><img alt="The Oder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Oder_Fluss.jpg/150px-Oder_Fluss.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Oder_Fluss.jpg/225px-Oder_Fluss.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Oder_Fluss.jpg/300px-Oder_Fluss.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Oder</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Periodization">Periodization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linear_Pottery_culture&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Periodization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A significant number of <a href="/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating" title="Radiocarbon dating">C-14</a> dates has been estimated for the LBK, making possible statistical analyses, which have been performed on different sample groups. One such analysis by Stadler and Lennais<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sets 68.2% <a href="/wiki/Confidence_limit" class="mw-redirect" title="Confidence limit">confidence limits</a> at about 5430–5040 BC; that is, 68.2% of possible dates allowed by variation of the major factors that influence measurement, calculation, and calibration fall within that range. The 95.4% <a href="/wiki/Confidence_interval" title="Confidence interval">confidence interval</a> is 5600–4750 BC. </p><p>Data continue to be acquired and therefore any single analysis only serves as a rough guideline. Overall, it is probable that the Linear Pottery culture spanned several hundred years of continental European prehistory in the late sixth and early fifth millennia BC, with local variations. Data from Belgium indicate a late survival of LBK there, as late as 4100 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Linear Pottery culture was not the only culture in prehistoric Europe. It is distinguished from the Neolithic cultures, which is done by dividing the Neolithic of Europe into chronological phases. These have varied a great deal. An approximation is:<sup id="cite_ref-KRAP2007_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KRAP2007-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gimb1991_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gimb1991-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Early Neolithic, 6000–5500. The first appearance of food-producing cultures in the south of the future Linear Pottery culture range: the <a href="/wiki/Star%C4%8Devo_culture" title="Starčevo culture">Körös</a> of southern Hungary and the <a href="/wiki/Bug-Dniester_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Bug-Dniester culture">Dniester culture</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>.</li> <li>Middle Neolithic, 5500–5000. Early and Middle Linear Pottery culture.</li> <li>Late Neolithic, 5000–4500. Late Linear Pottery and legacy cultures.</li></ul> <p>The last phase is no longer the end of the Neolithic. A "Final Neolithic" has been added to the transition between the Neolithic and the Bronze Age.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All numbers depend to some extent on the geographic region. </p><p>The pottery styles of the LBK allow some division of its window in time. Conceptual schemes have varied somewhat. One is:<sup id="cite_ref-Gimb1991_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gimb1991-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Early: The Eastern and Western LBK cultures, originating on the middle Danube</li> <li>Middle: Musical Note pottery – the incised lines of the decoration are broken or terminated by punctures, or "strokes", giving the appearance of musical notes. The culture expanded to its maximum extent, and regional variants appeared. One variant is the late <a href="/wiki/Bug-Dniester_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Bug-Dniester culture">Bug-Dniester culture</a>.</li> <li>Late: <a href="/wiki/Stroke-ornamented_ware" class="mw-redirect" title="Stroke-ornamented ware">Stroked pottery</a> – lines of punctures are substituted for the incised lines.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_or_Western">Early or Western</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linear_Pottery_culture&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early or Western"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 261.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 259.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Smac_Neolithikum_010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Smac_Neolithikum_010.jpg/389px-Smac_Neolithikum_010.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Smac_Neolithikum_010.jpg/585px-Smac_Neolithikum_010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Smac_Neolithikum_010.jpg/778px-Smac_Neolithikum_010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2620" data-file-height="1516" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 279.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 277.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Smac_Neolithikum_009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Smac_Neolithikum_009.jpg/416px-Smac_Neolithikum_009.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Smac_Neolithikum_009.jpg/624px-Smac_Neolithikum_009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Smac_Neolithikum_009.jpg/831px-Smac_Neolithikum_009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2768" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Smac_Neolithikum_011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Smac_Neolithikum_011.jpg/338px-Smac_Neolithikum_011.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Smac_Neolithikum_011.jpg/507px-Smac_Neolithikum_011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Smac_Neolithikum_011.jpg/675px-Smac_Neolithikum_011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <p>The early or earliest Western Linear Pottery culture began conventionally at 5500 BC, possibly as early as 5700 BC, developed on the middle <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>, including western <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, and was carried down the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe">Elbe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oder" title="Oder">Oder</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vistula" title="Vistula">Vistula</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bald2006_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bald2006-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is sometimes called the Central European Linear Pottery (CELP) to distinguish it from the ALP phase of the <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCkk_culture" title="Bükk culture">Eastern Linear Pottery</a> culture. In Hungarian, it tends to be called DVK, <span title="Hungarian-language text"><i lang="hu">Dunántúl Vonaldíszes Kerámia</i></span>, translated as "Transdanubian Linear Pottery". A number of local styles and phases of ware are defined.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The end of the early phase can be dated to its arrival in the Netherlands at about 5200 BC. The population there was already food-producing to some extent. The early phase went on there, but meanwhile the Music Note Pottery (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Notenkopfkeramik</i></span>) phase of the Middle Linear Band Pottery culture appeared in Austria at about 5200 BC and moved eastward into Romania and Ukraine. The late phase, or <a href="/wiki/Stroke-ornamented_pottery" class="mw-redirect" title="Stroke-ornamented pottery">Stroked Pottery</a> culture (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stichbandkeramik</i></span> (SBK), 5000–4500 BC) evolved in central Europe and went eastward, moving down the Vistula and Elbe. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Stroke-ornamented_pottery" class="mw-redirect" title="Stroke-ornamented pottery">Stroke-ornamented pottery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bug-Dniester_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Bug-Dniester culture">Bug-Dniester culture</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eastern">Eastern</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linear_Pottery_culture&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Eastern"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Eastern Linear Pottery culture developed in eastern Hungary and <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a> roughly contemporaneously with, perhaps a few hundred years after, the Transdanubian.<sup id="cite_ref-Bald2006_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bald2006-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The great plain there (Hungarian Alföld) had been occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Star%C4%8Devo_culture" title="Starčevo culture">Starčevo-Körös-Criş culture</a> of "gracile Mediterraneans" from the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a> as early as 6100 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hertelendi and others give a reevaluated date range of 5860–5330 for the Early Neolithic, 5950–5400 for the Körös.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Körös Culture went as far north as the edge of the upper <a href="/wiki/Tisza" title="Tisza">Tisza</a> and stopped. North of it the Alföld plain and the <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCkk" title="Bükk">Bükk</a> Mountains were intensively occupied by Mesolithics thriving on the flint tool trade. </p><p>At around 5330 BC, the classical Alföld culture of the LBK appeared to the north of the Körös culture and flourished until about 4940.<sup id="cite_ref-Hert_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hert-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This time also is the Middle Neolithic. The Alföld culture has been abbreviated AVK from its Hungarian name, <i>Alföldi Vonaldíszes Kerámia</i>, or ALP for Alföld Linear Pottery culture, the earliest variant of the Eastern Linear Pottery culture. </p><p>In one view, the AVK came "directly out of" the Körös.<sup id="cite_ref-KRAP2007_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KRAP2007-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The brief, short-ranged Szatmár group on the northern edge of the Körös culture seems transitional.<sup id="cite_ref-KRAP2007_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KRAP2007-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some place it with the Körös, some with the AVK. The latter's pottery is decorated with white painted bands with incised edges. Körös pottery was painted. </p><p>As is presented above, however, no major population movements occurred across the border. The Körös went on into a late phase in its accustomed place, 5770–5230.<sup id="cite_ref-Hert_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hert-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The late Körös is also called the Proto-Vinča, which was succeeded by the Vinča-Tordo, 5390–4960. There is no necessity to view the Körös and the AVK as closely connected. The AVK economy is somewhat different: it used cattle and swine, both of which occur wild in the region, instead of the sheep of the Balkans and Mediterranean. The percentage of wild animal bones is greater. Barley, millet and lentils were added. </p><p>Around 5100 or so, towards the end of the Middle Neolithic, the classical AVK descended into a complex of pronounced local groups called the Szakálhát-Esztár-Bükk,<sup id="cite_ref-KRAP2007_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KRAP2007-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hert_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hert-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which flourished about 5260–4880: </p> <ul><li>The Szakálhát group was located on the lower and middle Tisza and the Körös Rivers, taking the place of the previous Körös culture. Its pottery went on with the painted white bands and incised edge.</li> <li>The Esztár group to the north featured pottery with bands painted in dark paint.</li> <li>The Szilmeg group was located in the foothills of the <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCkk" title="Bükk">Bükk</a> Mountains.</li> <li>The Tiszadob group was located in the Sajó Valley.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCkk_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Bükk Culture">Bükk</a> group was located in the mountains.</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GBM_-_Linearbandkeramik_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pottery"><img alt="Pottery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GBM_-_Linearbandkeramik_4.jpg/169px-GBM_-_Linearbandkeramik_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GBM_-_Linearbandkeramik_4.jpg/253px-GBM_-_Linearbandkeramik_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GBM_-_Linearbandkeramik_4.jpg/337px-GBM_-_Linearbandkeramik_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pottery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 118px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 116px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rothenburg_Museum_-_Linearbandkeramik.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pottery reconstruction"><img alt="Pottery reconstruction" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Rothenburg_Museum_-_Linearbandkeramik.jpg/174px-Rothenburg_Museum_-_Linearbandkeramik.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Rothenburg_Museum_-_Linearbandkeramik.jpg/261px-Rothenburg_Museum_-_Linearbandkeramik.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Rothenburg_Museum_-_Linearbandkeramik.jpg/348px-Rothenburg_Museum_-_Linearbandkeramik.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2470" data-file-height="3195" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pottery reconstruction</div> </li> </ul> <p>These are all characterised by finely crafted and decorated ware. The entire group is considered by the majority of the sources listed in this article to have been in the LBK. Before the chronology and many of the sites were known, the Bükk was thought to be a major variant; in fact, <a href="/wiki/Marija_Gimbutas" title="Marija Gimbutas">Gimbutas</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at one point believed it to be identical with the Eastern Linear Pottery culture. Since 1991, the predominance of the Alföld has come to light. </p><p>The end of the Eastern Linear Pottery culture and the LBK is less certain. The Szakálhát-Esztár-Bükk descended into another Late Neolithic legacy complex, the <a href="/wiki/Tisza_culture" title="Tisza culture">Tisza-Hérpály-Csöszhalom</a>, which is either not LBK or is transitional from the LBK to the <a href="/wiki/Tiszapolg%C3%A1r_culture" title="Tiszapolgár culture">Tiszapolgar</a>, a successor culture. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCkk_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Bükk Culture">Bükk Culture</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linear_Pottery_culture&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culture">Culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linear_Pottery_culture&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_IMG_0888_antropomorphic_cult_vessel.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_IMG_0888_antropomorphic_cult_vessel.JPG/121px-Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_IMG_0888_antropomorphic_cult_vessel.JPG" decoding="async" width="121" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_IMG_0888_antropomorphic_cult_vessel.JPG/182px-Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_IMG_0888_antropomorphic_cult_vessel.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_IMG_0888_antropomorphic_cult_vessel.JPG/242px-Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_IMG_0888_antropomorphic_cult_vessel.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1318" data-file-height="1904" /></a><figcaption>Anthropomorphic vessel.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest theory of Linear Pottery culture origin is that it came from the <a href="/wiki/Star%C4%8Devo_culture" title="Starčevo culture">Starčevo-Körös</a> culture of <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> and Hungary.<sup id="cite_ref-Bald2006_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bald2006-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Supporting this view is the fact that the LBK appeared earliest about 5600–5400 BC on the middle Danube in the Starčevo range. Presumably, the expansion northwards of early Starčevo-Körös produced a local variant reaching the upper <a href="/wiki/Tisza" title="Tisza">Tisza</a> that may have well been created by contact with native <a href="/wiki/Epi-Paleolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Epi-Paleolithic">epi-Paleolithic</a> people. This small group began a new tradition of pottery, substituting engravings for the paintings of the Balkanic cultures. </p><p>A site at <a href="/wiki/Brunn_am_Gebirge" title="Brunn am Gebirge">Brunn am Gebirge</a> just south of Vienna seems to document the transition to LBK. The site was densely settled in a long house pattern around 5550–5200. The lower layers feature Starčevo-type plain pottery, with large number of stone tools made of material from near <a href="/wiki/Lake_Balaton" title="Lake Balaton">Lake Balaton</a>, Hungary. Over the time frame, LBK pottery and animal husbandry increased, while the use of stone tools decreased. </p><p>A second theory proposes an <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/autochthonous" class="extiw" title="wikt:autochthonous">autochthonous</a> development out of the local Mesolithic cultures.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the Starčevo-Körös entered southern Hungary about 6000 BC and the LBK spread very rapidly, there appears to be a hiatus of up to 500 years<sup id="cite_ref-Bald2006_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bald2006-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which a barrier seems to have been in effect.<sup id="cite_ref-KRAP2007_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KRAP2007-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, the cultivated species of the near and middle eastern Neolithic do not do well over the Linear Pottery culture range. And finally, the Mesolithics in the region prior to the LBK used some domestic species, such as wheat and <a href="/wiki/Flax" title="Flax">flax</a>. The <a href="/wiki/La_Hoguette" title="La Hoguette">La Hoguette</a> culture on the northwest of the LBK range developed their own food production from native plants and animals. </p><p>A third theory attributes the start of Linear Pottery to an influence from the Mesolithic cultures of the east European plain.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pottery was used in intensive food gathering. </p><p>The rate at which it spread was no faster than the spread of the Neolithic in general. Accordingly, Dolukhanov and others postulate that an impulse from the steppe to the southeast of the barrier stimulated the Mesolithics north of it to innovate their own pottery. This view only accounts for the pottery; presumably, the Mesolithics combined it <i>de novo</i> with local food production, which began to spread very rapidly throughout a range that was already producing some food. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1224px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Halle_(Saale),_Landesmuseum_f%C3%BCr_Vorgeschichte,_gro%C3%9Fer_Kumpf.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pottery"><img alt="Pottery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Halle_%28Saale%29%2C_Landesmuseum_f%C3%BCr_Vorgeschichte%2C_gro%C3%9Fer_Kumpf.jpg/110px-Halle_%28Saale%29%2C_Landesmuseum_f%C3%BCr_Vorgeschichte%2C_gro%C3%9Fer_Kumpf.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Halle_%28Saale%29%2C_Landesmuseum_f%C3%BCr_Vorgeschichte%2C_gro%C3%9Fer_Kumpf.jpg/165px-Halle_%28Saale%29%2C_Landesmuseum_f%C3%BCr_Vorgeschichte%2C_gro%C3%9Fer_Kumpf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Halle_%28Saale%29%2C_Landesmuseum_f%C3%BCr_Vorgeschichte%2C_gro%C3%9Fer_Kumpf.jpg/220px-Halle_%28Saale%29%2C_Landesmuseum_f%C3%BCr_Vorgeschichte%2C_gro%C3%9Fer_Kumpf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3494" data-file-height="3002" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pottery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Smac_Neolithikum_040.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="pottery"><img alt="pottery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Smac_Neolithikum_040.jpg/110px-Smac_Neolithikum_040.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Smac_Neolithikum_040.jpg/165px-Smac_Neolithikum_040.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Smac_Neolithikum_040.jpg/220px-Smac_Neolithikum_040.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2176" data-file-height="2064" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">pottery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Schkeuditz_encrustated_vessel_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pottery"><img alt="Pottery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Schkeuditz_encrustated_vessel_02.jpg/110px-Schkeuditz_encrustated_vessel_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Schkeuditz_encrustated_vessel_02.jpg/165px-Schkeuditz_encrustated_vessel_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Schkeuditz_encrustated_vessel_02.jpg/220px-Schkeuditz_encrustated_vessel_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pottery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Smac_Neolithikum_041.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pottery"><img alt="Pottery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Smac_Neolithikum_041.jpg/110px-Smac_Neolithikum_041.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Smac_Neolithikum_041.jpg/165px-Smac_Neolithikum_041.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Smac_Neolithikum_041.jpg/220px-Smac_Neolithikum_041.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2360" data-file-height="2100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pottery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Smac_Neolithikum_043.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pottery"><img alt="Pottery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Smac_Neolithikum_043.jpg/110px-Smac_Neolithikum_043.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Smac_Neolithikum_043.jpg/165px-Smac_Neolithikum_043.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Smac_Neolithikum_043.jpg/220px-Smac_Neolithikum_043.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2436" data-file-height="2116" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pottery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Linear_Pottery_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pottery"><img alt="Pottery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Linear_Pottery_001.jpg/110px-Linear_Pottery_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Linear_Pottery_001.jpg/165px-Linear_Pottery_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Linear_Pottery_001.jpg/220px-Linear_Pottery_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2616" data-file-height="2257" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pottery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Smac_Neolithikum_048.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pottery"><img alt="Pottery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Smac_Neolithikum_048.jpg/110px-Smac_Neolithikum_048.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Smac_Neolithikum_048.jpg/165px-Smac_Neolithikum_048.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Smac_Neolithikum_048.jpg/220px-Smac_Neolithikum_048.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2616" data-file-height="2220" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pottery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_pedestal_bowl_IMG_0896.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pedestal bowl"><img alt="Pedestal bowl" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_pedestal_bowl_IMG_0896.JPG/89px-Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_pedestal_bowl_IMG_0896.JPG" decoding="async" width="89" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_pedestal_bowl_IMG_0896.JPG/134px-Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_pedestal_bowl_IMG_0896.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_pedestal_bowl_IMG_0896.JPG/179px-Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_pedestal_bowl_IMG_0896.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1163" data-file-height="1428" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pedestal bowl</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_fireguard_IMG_0894.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pottery"><img alt="Pottery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_fireguard_IMG_0894.JPG/71px-Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_fireguard_IMG_0894.JPG" decoding="async" width="71" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_fireguard_IMG_0894.JPG/107px-Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_fireguard_IMG_0894.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_fireguard_IMG_0894.JPG/142px-Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_fireguard_IMG_0894.JPG 2x" data-file-width="958" data-file-height="1478" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pottery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MUFT_-_Erfurt_Kultfigur.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Anthropomorphic vessel"><img alt="Anthropomorphic vessel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/MUFT_-_Erfurt_Kultfigur.jpg/73px-MUFT_-_Erfurt_Kultfigur.jpg" decoding="async" width="73" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/MUFT_-_Erfurt_Kultfigur.jpg/109px-MUFT_-_Erfurt_Kultfigur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/MUFT_-_Erfurt_Kultfigur.jpg/146px-MUFT_-_Erfurt_Kultfigur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1908" data-file-height="2880" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Anthropomorphic vessel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KM_-_Jungsteinzeit_Armband.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spondylus shell bracelet"><img alt="Spondylus shell bracelet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/KM_-_Jungsteinzeit_Armband.jpg/110px-KM_-_Jungsteinzeit_Armband.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/KM_-_Jungsteinzeit_Armband.jpg/165px-KM_-_Jungsteinzeit_Armband.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/KM_-_Jungsteinzeit_Armband.jpg/220px-KM_-_Jungsteinzeit_Armband.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Spondylus shell bracelet</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Parures_coquilles_de_cardium_la_saulsotte_76503.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shell jewellery"><img alt="Shell jewellery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Parures_coquilles_de_cardium_la_saulsotte_76503.jpg/97px-Parures_coquilles_de_cardium_la_saulsotte_76503.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Parures_coquilles_de_cardium_la_saulsotte_76503.jpg/146px-Parures_coquilles_de_cardium_la_saulsotte_76503.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Parures_coquilles_de_cardium_la_saulsotte_76503.jpg/195px-Parures_coquilles_de_cardium_la_saulsotte_76503.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2727" data-file-height="3080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shell jewellery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GBM_-_Linearbandkeramik_3_Kette.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bone and shell jewellery"><img alt="Bone and shell jewellery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/GBM_-_Linearbandkeramik_3_Kette.jpg/82px-GBM_-_Linearbandkeramik_3_Kette.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/GBM_-_Linearbandkeramik_3_Kette.jpg/124px-GBM_-_Linearbandkeramik_3_Kette.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/GBM_-_Linearbandkeramik_3_Kette.jpg/165px-GBM_-_Linearbandkeramik_3_Kette.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bone and shell jewellery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GBM_-_Linearbandkeramik_2_Kamm.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bone comb"><img alt="Bone comb" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/GBM_-_Linearbandkeramik_2_Kamm.jpg/83px-GBM_-_Linearbandkeramik_2_Kamm.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/GBM_-_Linearbandkeramik_2_Kamm.jpg/125px-GBM_-_Linearbandkeramik_2_Kamm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/GBM_-_Linearbandkeramik_2_Kamm.jpg/166px-GBM_-_Linearbandkeramik_2_Kamm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1260" data-file-height="1668" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bone comb</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_stone_mace_IMG_0901.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Stone mace head"><img alt="Stone mace head" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_stone_mace_IMG_0901.JPG/110px-Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_stone_mace_IMG_0901.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_stone_mace_IMG_0901.JPG/165px-Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_stone_mace_IMG_0901.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_stone_mace_IMG_0901.JPG/220px-Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_stone_mace_IMG_0901.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1284" data-file-height="1273" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stone mace head</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px; height: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Schkeuditz_bone_tip_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Decorated bone tip"><img alt="Decorated bone tip" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Schkeuditz_bone_tip_02.jpg/110px-Schkeuditz_bone_tip_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Schkeuditz_bone_tip_02.jpg/165px-Schkeuditz_bone_tip_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Schkeuditz_bone_tip_02.jpg/220px-Schkeuditz_bone_tip_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Decorated bone tip</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linear_Pottery_culture&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Early_European_Farmers" title="Early European Farmers">Early European Farmers</a></div> <p>The initial LBK population theory hypothesized that the culture was spread by farmers moving up the Danube practicing <a href="/wiki/Slash-and-burn" title="Slash-and-burn">slash-and-burn</a> methods. The presence of the Mediterranean sea shell, <i><a href="/wiki/Spondylus" title="Spondylus">Spondylus</a> gaederopus</i>, and the similarity of the pottery to gourds, which did not grow in the north, seemed to be evidence of the immigration,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as does the genetic evidence cited below. The lands into which they moved were believed untenanted or too sparsely populated by hunter-gatherers to be a significant factor.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genetic_evidence">Genetic evidence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linear_Pottery_culture&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Genetic evidence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GBM_-_Linearbandkeramik_1_Grab.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/GBM_-_Linearbandkeramik_1_Grab.jpg/220px-GBM_-_Linearbandkeramik_1_Grab.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/GBM_-_Linearbandkeramik_1_Grab.jpg/330px-GBM_-_Linearbandkeramik_1_Grab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/GBM_-_Linearbandkeramik_1_Grab.jpg/440px-GBM_-_Linearbandkeramik_1_Grab.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Linear band ceramic culture burial site (Grave 41 site)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2005, scientists successfully sequenced mtDNA coding region 15997–16409 derived from twenty-four 7,500- to 7,000-year-old human remains associated with the LBK culture. Of those remains, 22 were from locations in Germany near the <a href="/wiki/Harz_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Harz Mountains">Harz Mountains</a> and the upper <a href="/wiki/Upper_Rhine" title="Upper Rhine">Rhine Valley</a>, while one was from Austria and one from Hungary. The scientists did not reveal the detailed hypervariable segment I (HVSI) sequences for all the samples, but identified that seven of the samples belonged to H or V branch of the <a href="/wiki/Human_mitochondrial_DNA_haplogroup" title="Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup">mtDNA phylogenetic tree</a>, six belonged to the N1a branch, five belonged to the T branch, four belonged to the K(U8) branch, one belonged to the J branch, and one belonged to the U3 branch. All branches are extant in the current European population, although the K branch was present in roughly twice the percentages as would be found in Europe today (15% vs. 8% now.). </p><p>Comparison of the <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_N1a_(mtDNA)" title="Haplogroup N1a (mtDNA)">N1a</a> HVSI sequences with sequences of living individuals found three of them to correspond with those of individuals currently living in Europe. Two of the sequences corresponded to ancestral nodes predicted to exist or to have existed on the European branch of the phylogenetic tree. One of the sequences is related to European populations, but with no apparent descendants amongst the modern population.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The N1a evidence supports the notion that the descendants of LBK culture have lived in Europe for more than 7,000 years and have become an integral part of the current European population. The lack of mtDNA haplogroup U5 supports the notion that U5 at this time is uniquely associated with mesolithic European cultures. </p><p>A 2010 study of ancient DNA suggested the LBK population had affinities to modern-day populations from the Near East and <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>, such as an overall prevalence of <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_G2_(Y-DNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup G2 (Y-DNA)">G2</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2010ancientDNAstudy_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010ancientDNAstudy-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The study also found some unique features, such as the prevalence of the now-rare <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_H_(Y-DNA)" title="Haplogroup H (Y-DNA)">Y-haplogroup H2</a> and mitochondrial haplogroup frequencies.<sup id="cite_ref-2010ancientDNAstudy_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010ancientDNAstudy-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However subsequent studies based on full-genome analysis have found that the LBK population was similar genetically to modern <a href="/wiki/Southern_Europe" title="Southern Europe">southern Europeans</a>, and did not resemble modern Near Eastern or Anatolian populations. <a href="/wiki/Early_European_Farmers" title="Early European Farmers">Neolithic Anatolian farmers</a> have also been found to be more similar to modern southern Europeans than to modern Near Easterners or Anatolians.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lipson et al. (2017) and Narasimhan et al. (2019) analyzed a large number of skeletons ascribed to the Linear Pottery Culture. Most of the <a href="/wiki/Y-DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="Y-DNA">Y-DNA</a> belonged to <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_G-M201" title="Haplogroup G-M201">G2a</a> and subclades of it, some to <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_I-M438" title="Haplogroup I-M438">I2</a> and subclades of it, beside few samples of <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_T-M184" title="Haplogroup T-M184">T1a</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_CT" title="Haplogroup CT">CT</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_C-M130" title="Haplogroup C-M130">C1a2</a>. The samples of <a href="/wiki/MtDNA" class="mw-redirect" title="MtDNA">mtDNA</a> extracted were various subclades of <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_T_(mtDNA)" title="Haplogroup T (mtDNA)">T</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_H_(mtDNA)" title="Haplogroup H (mtDNA)">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_N_(mtDNA)" title="Haplogroup N (mtDNA)">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_U_(mtDNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup U (mtDNA)">U</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_K_(mtDNA)" title="Haplogroup K (mtDNA)">K</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_J_(mtDNA)" title="Haplogroup J (mtDNA)">J</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_X_(mtDNA)" title="Haplogroup X (mtDNA)">X</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_HV_(mtDNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup HV (mtDNA)">HV</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_V_(mtDNA)" title="Haplogroup V (mtDNA)">V</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELipson2017_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELipson2017-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENarasimhan2019_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENarasimhan2019-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linear_Pottery_culture&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Land_use">Land use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linear_Pottery_culture&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Land use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AMK_-_Linearbandkeramik_Modell_Hienheim_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/AMK_-_Linearbandkeramik_Modell_Hienheim_1.jpg/220px-AMK_-_Linearbandkeramik_Modell_Hienheim_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/AMK_-_Linearbandkeramik_Modell_Hienheim_1.jpg/330px-AMK_-_Linearbandkeramik_Modell_Hienheim_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/AMK_-_Linearbandkeramik_Modell_Hienheim_1.jpg/440px-AMK_-_Linearbandkeramik_Modell_Hienheim_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3476" data-file-height="2780" /></a><figcaption>Linear pottery culture settlement at Hienheim, Germany (5th mill. BC)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Asparn_Zaya_Jungsteinzeithaus.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Asparn_Zaya_Jungsteinzeithaus.JPG/220px-Asparn_Zaya_Jungsteinzeithaus.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Asparn_Zaya_Jungsteinzeithaus.JPG/330px-Asparn_Zaya_Jungsteinzeithaus.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Asparn_Zaya_Jungsteinzeithaus.JPG/440px-Asparn_Zaya_Jungsteinzeithaus.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2256" data-file-height="1496" /></a><figcaption>Neolithic longhouse reconstruction, <a href="/wiki/Asparn_an_der_Zaya" title="Asparn an der Zaya">Asparn an der Zaya</a>, Austria</figcaption></figure> <p>The LBK people settled on fluvial terraces and in the proximity of rivers in regions with fertile <a href="/wiki/Loess" title="Loess">loess</a>. They raised a mix of crops and associated weeds in small plots, an economy that Gimbutas called a "garden type of civilization".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The difference between a crop and a weed in LBK contexts is the frequency. Crop foods are: </p> <ul><li><i>Triticum dicoccum</i>, <a href="/wiki/Emmer" title="Emmer">emmer</a> wheat</li> <li><i>Triticum monococcum</i>, <a href="/wiki/Einkorn_wheat" class="mw-redirect" title="Einkorn wheat">einkorn wheat</a></li> <li><i>Pisum sativum</i>, <a href="/wiki/Pea" title="Pea">pea</a></li> <li><i>Lens culinaris</i>, <a href="/wiki/Lentil" title="Lentil">lentil</a></li></ul> <p>Species that are found so rarely as to warrant classification as possible weeds are: </p> <ul><li><i>Hordeum</i>, <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a></li> <li><i>Panicum miliaceum</i>, broom corn <a href="/wiki/Millet" title="Millet">millet</a></li> <li><i>Secale cereale</i> <a href="/wiki/Rye" title="Rye">rye</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vicia_ervilia" title="Vicia ervilia">Vicia ervilia</a></i>, bitter vetch</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vicia_faba" title="Vicia faba">Vicia faba</a></i>, broad or field bean</li></ul> <p>The emmer and the einkorn were sometimes grown as <a href="/wiki/Maslin" title="Maslin">maslin</a>, or mixed crops. The lower-yield einkorn predominates over emmer, which has been attributed to its better resistance to heavy rain.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">Hemp</a> (<i>Cannabis sativum</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Flax" title="Flax">flax</a> (<i>Linum usitatissimum</i>) gave the LBK people the raw material of rope and cloth, which they no doubt manufactured at home as a cottage industry. From <a href="/wiki/Poppy" title="Poppy">poppies</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Papaver_somniferum" title="Papaver somniferum">Papaver somniferum</a></i>), introduced later from the Mediterranean, they may have manufactured palliative medicine. </p><p>The LBK people were stock-raisers as well, with <a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">cattle</a> favoured, though <a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">goats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swine" class="mw-redirect" title="Swine">swine</a> are also recorded. Like farmers today, they may have used the better grain for themselves and the lower grades for the animals. The ubiquitous <a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">dogs</a> are present here too, but scantly. Substantial wild faunal remains are found. The LBK supplemented their diets by hunting <a href="/wiki/Deer" title="Deer">deer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">wild boar</a> in the open <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_forest_in_Central_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the forest in Central Europe">forests of Europe</a> as it was then. </p><p>A 2022 study by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol" title="University of Bristol">University of Bristol</a> found dairy fat residues in pottery dating as early as 7,400 years ago. Researchers analyzed residues from over 4,300 vessels recovered from 70 LBK archaeological sites. Milk use was detected in about 65% of these Neolithic sites.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographic_history">Demographic history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linear_Pottery_culture&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Demographic history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NBAM_Neolithikum_-_Modell_Haus_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/NBAM_Neolithikum_-_Modell_Haus_1.jpg/220px-NBAM_Neolithikum_-_Modell_Haus_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/NBAM_Neolithikum_-_Modell_Haus_1.jpg/330px-NBAM_Neolithikum_-_Modell_Haus_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/NBAM_Neolithikum_-_Modell_Haus_1.jpg/440px-NBAM_Neolithikum_-_Modell_Haus_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_long_house" title="Neolithic long house">Neolithic longhouse</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NBAM_Neolithikum_-_Modell_Haus_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/NBAM_Neolithikum_-_Modell_Haus_2.jpg/220px-NBAM_Neolithikum_-_Modell_Haus_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/NBAM_Neolithikum_-_Modell_Haus_2.jpg/330px-NBAM_Neolithikum_-_Modell_Haus_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/NBAM_Neolithikum_-_Modell_Haus_2.jpg/440px-NBAM_Neolithikum_-_Modell_Haus_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2440" /></a><figcaption>Neolithic longhouse, detail</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Smac_Neolithikum_004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Smac_Neolithikum_004.jpg/220px-Smac_Neolithikum_004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Smac_Neolithikum_004.jpg/330px-Smac_Neolithikum_004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Smac_Neolithikum_004.jpg/440px-Smac_Neolithikum_004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2168" data-file-height="2216" /></a><figcaption>Remains of a well</figcaption></figure> <p>Although no significant population transfers were associated with the start of the LBK, population diffusion along the wetlands of the mature civilisation (about 5200 BC) had levelled the high percentage of the rare gene sequence mentioned above by the late LBK. The population was much greater by then, a phenomenon termed the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Demographic_Transition" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolithic Demographic Transition">Neolithic demographic transition</a> (NDT). According to Bocquet-Appel<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> beginning from a stable population of "small connected groups exchanging migrants" among the "hunter-gatherers and horticulturalists" the LBK experienced an increase in birth rate caused by a "reduction in the length of the birth interval". The author hypothesizes a decrease in the weaning period made possible by division of labor. At the end of the LBK, the NDT was over and the population growth disappeared due to an increase in the mortality rate, caused, the author speculates, by new pathogens passed along by increased social contact.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The new population was sedentary up to the capacity of the land, and then the excess population moved to less-inhabited land. An in-depth <a href="/wiki/GIS" class="mw-redirect" title="GIS">GIS</a> study by Ebersbach and Schade of an 18 km<sup>2</sup> (6.9 sq mi) region in the wetlands region of Wetterau, <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a>, traces the land use in detail and discovers the limiting factor.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the study region, 82% of the land is suitable for agriculture, 11% for grazing (even though wetland), and 7% steep slopes. The investigators found that the LBK occupied this land for about 400 years. They began with 14 settlements, 53 houses, and 318 people, using the wetlands for cattle pasture. Settlement gradually spread over the wetlands, reaching a maximum of 47 settlements, 122 houses, and 732 people in the late period.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Toward the end, the population suddenly dropped to initial levels, though much of the arable land was still available. The investigators concluded cattle were the main economic interest and available grazing land was the limiting factor in settlement. The Neolithic of the Middle East featured urban concentrations of people subsisting mainly on grain. Beef and dairy products, however, were the mainstay of LBK diet. When the grazing lands were all in use, they moved elsewhere in search of them. As the relatively brief window of the LBK falls roughly in the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_(period)" title="Atlantic (period)">Atlantic climate period</a>, a maximum of temperature and rainfall, a conclusion that the spread of wetlands at that time encouraged the growth and spreading of the LBK is to some degree justified.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>With some exceptions, population levels rose rapidly at the beginning of the Neolithic. This was followed by a <a href="/wiki/Population_collapse" class="mw-redirect" title="Population collapse">population collapse</a> of "enormous magnitude" after 5000 BC, with levels remaining low during the next 1,500 years.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Investigation of the Neolithic skeletons found in the <a href="/wiki/Talheim_Death_Pit" title="Talheim Death Pit">Talheim Death Pit</a> (c. 5000 BC) suggests that prehistoric men from neighboring tribes were prepared to fight and kill each other in order to <a href="/wiki/Raptio" title="Raptio">capture and secure women</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mass grave at <a href="/wiki/Talheim,_Heilbronn" title="Talheim, Heilbronn">Talheim</a> in southern Germany is one of the earliest known sites in the archaeological record that shows evidence of organised violence in Early Neolithic Europe, among various LBK tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other speculations as to the reasons for violence between settlements include vengeance, conflicts over land and resources, and kidnapping <a href="/wiki/Slaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Slaves">slaves</a>. Some of these theories related to the lack of resources are supported by the discovery that various LBK <a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">fortifications</a> bordering indigenously inhabited areas appear to have not been in use for very long. The mass burial site at Schletz was also fortified, which serves as evidence of violent conflict among tribes and means that these fortifications were built as a form of defense against aggressors. The <a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_Schletz" title="Massacre of Schletz">massacre of Schletz</a> occurred at the same time as the massacre at Talheim and several other known massacres.<sup id="cite_ref-Golitko_&_Keeley_2007_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Golitko_&_Keeley_2007-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Material_culture">Material culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linear_Pottery_culture&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Material culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tool_kit">Tool kit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linear_Pottery_culture&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Tool kit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tool kit was appropriate to the economy. <a href="/wiki/Flint" title="Flint">Flint</a> and <a href="/wiki/Obsidian" title="Obsidian">obsidian</a> were the main materials used for points and cutting edges.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no sign of metal. For example, they harvested with sickles manufactured by inserting flint blades into the inside of curved pieces of wood. One tool, the "<a href="/wiki/Shoe-last_celt" title="Shoe-last celt">shoe-last celt</a>", was made of a ground stone chisel blade tied to a handle,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with shape and wear showing that they were used as <a href="/wiki/Adze" title="Adze">adzes</a> to fell trees and to work wood. Augers were made of flint points tied to sticks that could be rotated. Scrapers and knives are found in abundance. The use of flint pieces, or <a href="/wiki/Microliths" class="mw-redirect" title="Microliths">microliths</a>, descended from the Mesolithic, while the ground stone is characteristic of the Neolithic. </p><p>These materials are evidence both of specialization of labor and commerce. The flint used came from southern Poland; the obsidian came from the Bükk and Tatra mountains. Settlements in those regions specialized in mining and manufacture. The products were exported to all the other LBK regions, which must have had something to trade. This commerce is a strong argument for an ethnic unity between the scattered pockets of the culture. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nu%C3%9Fdorf_ob_der_Traisen_-_Urzeitmuseum_-_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Various artefacts"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Nu%C3%9Fdorf_ob_der_Traisen_-_Urzeitmuseum_-_4.jpg/120px-Nu%C3%9Fdorf_ob_der_Traisen_-_Urzeitmuseum_-_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Nu%C3%9Fdorf_ob_der_Traisen_-_Urzeitmuseum_-_4.jpg/180px-Nu%C3%9Fdorf_ob_der_Traisen_-_Urzeitmuseum_-_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Nu%C3%9Fdorf_ob_der_Traisen_-_Urzeitmuseum_-_4.jpg/240px-Nu%C3%9Fdorf_ob_der_Traisen_-_Urzeitmuseum_-_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3750" data-file-height="2500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Various artefacts</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Erntemesser.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stone axes and sickle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Erntemesser.jpg/120px-Erntemesser.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Erntemesser.jpg/180px-Erntemesser.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Erntemesser.jpg/240px-Erntemesser.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stone axes and sickle</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Steinsburgmuseum_026.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Stone axe"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Steinsburgmuseum_026.JPG/80px-Steinsburgmuseum_026.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Steinsburgmuseum_026.JPG/120px-Steinsburgmuseum_026.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Steinsburgmuseum_026.JPG/160px-Steinsburgmuseum_026.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stone axe</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_IMG_0906_grinding_stone.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Grinding stone"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_IMG_0906_grinding_stone.JPG/120px-Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_IMG_0906_grinding_stone.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_IMG_0906_grinding_stone.JPG/180px-Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_IMG_0906_grinding_stone.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_IMG_0906_grinding_stone.JPG/240px-Transdanubian_linear_pottery_period_5400-4000BC_IMG_0906_grinding_stone.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2771" data-file-height="1513" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Grinding stone</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bone_Chisel_reconstruction.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bone chisel reconstruction"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Bone_Chisel_reconstruction.jpg/120px-Bone_Chisel_reconstruction.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Bone_Chisel_reconstruction.jpg/180px-Bone_Chisel_reconstruction.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Bone_Chisel_reconstruction.jpg/240px-Bone_Chisel_reconstruction.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bone chisel reconstruction</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Small_Bone_Chisel_reconstruction.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Small bone chisel reconstruction"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Small_Bone_Chisel_reconstruction.jpg/90px-Small_Bone_Chisel_reconstruction.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Small_Bone_Chisel_reconstruction.jpg/135px-Small_Bone_Chisel_reconstruction.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Small_Bone_Chisel_reconstruction.jpg/180px-Small_Bone_Chisel_reconstruction.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Small bone chisel reconstruction</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Settlement_patterns">Settlement patterns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linear_Pottery_culture&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Settlement patterns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Smac_Neolithikum_119.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Smac_Neolithikum_119.jpg/220px-Smac_Neolithikum_119.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Smac_Neolithikum_119.jpg/330px-Smac_Neolithikum_119.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Smac_Neolithikum_119.jpg/440px-Smac_Neolithikum_119.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Dresden-Nickern, Germany, <a href="/wiki/Stroke-ornamented_ware_culture" title="Stroke-ornamented ware culture">Stroke-ornamented culture</a> settlement model</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Smac_Neolithikum_122.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Smac_Neolithikum_122.jpg/220px-Smac_Neolithikum_122.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Smac_Neolithikum_122.jpg/330px-Smac_Neolithikum_122.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Smac_Neolithikum_122.jpg/440px-Smac_Neolithikum_122.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Dresden-Nickern, Germany, settlement model, detail</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NBAM_Neolithikum_-_Modell_Erdwerk_K%C3%BCnzing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/NBAM_Neolithikum_-_Modell_Erdwerk_K%C3%BCnzing.jpg/220px-NBAM_Neolithikum_-_Modell_Erdwerk_K%C3%BCnzing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/NBAM_Neolithikum_-_Modell_Erdwerk_K%C3%BCnzing.jpg/330px-NBAM_Neolithikum_-_Modell_Erdwerk_K%C3%BCnzing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/NBAM_Neolithikum_-_Modell_Erdwerk_K%C3%BCnzing.jpg/440px-NBAM_Neolithikum_-_Modell_Erdwerk_K%C3%BCnzing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2904" data-file-height="3112" /></a><figcaption>Fortified settlement at Künzing-Unternberg, Germany</figcaption></figure> <p>The unit of residence was the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_long_house" title="Neolithic long house">long house</a>, a rectangular structure, 5.5 to 7.0 m (18.0 to 23.0 ft) wide, of variable length; for example, a house at Bylany was 45 m (148 ft). Outer walls were <a href="/wiki/Wattle_and_daub" title="Wattle and daub">wattle-and-daub</a>, sometimes alternating with split logs, with slanted, thatched roofs, supported by rows of poles, three across.<sup id="cite_ref-Gimb39_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gimb39-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exterior wall of the home was solid and massive, oak posts being preferred. Clay for the daub was dug from pits near the house, which were then used for storage. Extra posts at one end may indicate a partial second story. Some LBK houses were occupied for as long as 30 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Marc_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marc-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Linear Pottery longhouses were the largest free-standing buildings in the world at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is thought that these houses had no windows and only one doorway. The door was located at one end of the house. Internally, the house had one or two partitions creating up to three areas. Interpretations of the use of these areas vary. Working activities might be carried out in the better lit door end, the middle used for sleeping and eating and the end farthest from the door could have been used for grain storage. According to another view, the interior was divided in areas for sleeping, common life and a fenced enclosure at the back end for keeping animals.<sup id="cite_ref-Marc_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marc-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ditches went along part of the outer walls, especially at the enclosed end. Their purpose is not known, but they probably are not defensive works, as they were not much of a defense. More likely, the ditches collected waste water and rain water. </p><p>Trash was regularly removed and placed in external pits. The waste-producing work, such as hide preparation and flint-working, was done outside the house. </p><p>Pottery has been found in long houses, as well as in graves. Analysis of the home pottery reveals that each house had its own tradition. The occurrence of pottery primarily in female graves indicates the women of the long house probably made the pottery; in fact, lineages have been defined. Gimbutas goes so far as to assert, "The indirect results indicate an <a href="/wiki/Endogamous" class="mw-redirect" title="Endogamous">endogamous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matrilocal" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrilocal">matrilocal</a> residence."<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Easy access to fresh water also would have been mandatory, which is another reason why settlements were in bottom lands near water. A number of timber-built wells from the times have been discovered, with a log-cabin type lining constructed one layer at a time as the previous layers sank into the well.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2012_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2012-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Analysis of preserved wells has shown that the LBK culture possessed sophisticated carpentry skills and were capable of complex timber constructions.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2012_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2012-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The LBK culture also built timber trackways, the remains of some of which have been preserved, for example at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Campemoor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Campemoor (page does not exist)">Campemoor</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campemoor" class="extiw" title="de:Campemoor">de</a>]</span> bog in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a> (Germany), dated to c. 4630–4550 BC (trackway Pr31).<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Long houses were gathered into villages of five to eight houses, spaced about 20 m (66 ft) apart, occupying 300–1,250 acres (120–510 ha). Nearby villages formed settlement cells, some as dense as 20 per 25 km<sup>2</sup> (9.7 sq mi), others as sparse as one per 32 km<sup>2</sup> (12 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-Gimb39_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gimb39-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This structuring of settlements does not support a view that the LBK population had no social structure, or was anarchic. However, the structure remains obscure and interpretational. One long house may have supported one extended family, but the short lifespan would have precluded more than two generations. The houses required too much labor to be the residences of single families; consequently, communal houses are postulated.<sup id="cite_ref-Marc_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marc-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though the known facts are tantalizing, the correct social interpretation of the layout of a long house and the arrangement of villages will have to wait for clearer evidence. At least some villages were <a href="/wiki/Fortified" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortified">fortified</a> for some time with a palisade and outer ditch.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The LBK settlement at Vrable in Slovakia had an estimated 70 contemporaneous longhouses and a population of up to 1725 people at its peak in c. 5100 BC, making it one of the largest LBK settlements of the period. The longhouses were grouped into three 'neighbourhoods', one of which was surrounded by trenches and a palisade. The remains of at least 313 longhouses have been found at the Vrable site.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remains of 300 longhouses have also been found at the settlement of Eythra in Germany, indicating a similar sized-population within the same time-frame as that at Vrable.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Excavations at <a href="/wiki/Oslonki" class="mw-redirect" title="Oslonki">Oslonki</a> in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> revealed a large, fortified settlement (dating to 4300 BC, i.e., Late LBK), covering an area of 4000m2. Nearly 30 <a href="/wiki/Trapezoid" title="Trapezoid">trapezoidal</a> longhouses and over 80 graves were discovered. The rectangular longhouses were between 7 and 45 m (23 and 148 ft) long and between 5 and 7 m (16 and 23 ft) wide. They were built of massive timber posts chinked with wattle and daub mortar.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An earlier view saw the Linear Pottery culture as living a "peaceful, unfortified lifestyle".<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, as well as settlements with palisades, weapon-traumatized skeletons have also been discovered, such as at <a href="/wiki/Herxheim_(archaeological_site)" title="Herxheim (archaeological site)">Herxheim</a> in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whether it was the site of a massacre or of a martial ritual, the Herxheim remains demonstrate "systematic violence between groups". In 2015 a study published in <a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</a> detailed findings at a site near <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sch%C3%B6neck-Kilianst%C3%A4dten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schöneck-Kilianstädten (page does not exist)">Schöneck-Kilianstädten</a>, including the skeletons of 26 adults and children who were killed by "devastating strikes to the head or arrow wounds." The skull fractures are classic signs of blunt force injuries caused by basic Stone Age weapons.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the known settlements, however, left no trace of violence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linear_Pottery_culture&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolithic religion">Neolithic religion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_circular_enclosures_in_Central_Europe" title="Neolithic circular enclosures in Central Europe">Neolithic circular enclosures in Central Europe</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Goseck_Circle_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Goseck_Circle_1.jpg/220px-Goseck_Circle_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Goseck_Circle_1.jpg/330px-Goseck_Circle_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Goseck_Circle_1.jpg/440px-Goseck_Circle_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1219" data-file-height="888" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Goseck_circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Goseck circle">Goseck circle</a>, c. 4900 BC</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Goseck_circle_-_50251188141.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Goseck_circle_-_50251188141.jpg/220px-Goseck_circle_-_50251188141.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Goseck_circle_-_50251188141.jpg/330px-Goseck_circle_-_50251188141.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Goseck_circle_-_50251188141.jpg/440px-Goseck_circle_-_50251188141.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3668" data-file-height="1261" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Goseck_circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Goseck circle">Goseck circle</a> reconstruction</figcaption></figure> <p>As is true of all prehistoric cultures, the details of actual <a href="/wiki/Belief_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Belief system">belief systems</a> maintained by the Linear Pottery culture population are poorly understood relative to beliefs and religions of historical periods. The extent to which prehistoric beliefs formed a systematic <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religious</a> canon is also the subject of some debate. Nevertheless, comparative, detailed, scientific study of <a href="/wiki/Cultural_artifact" title="Cultural artifact">cultural artifacts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iconography" title="Iconography">iconography</a> has led to the proposal of models. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Mother_goddess" title="Mother goddess">mother goddess</a> model is the major one applied to the Neolithic of the middle and near east, the civilization of the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_civilization" title="Aegean civilization">Aegean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. The iconography was inherited from the <a href="/wiki/Palaeolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaeolithic">Palaeolithic</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Gravettian" title="Gravettian">Gravettian</a> culture introduced it into the range of the future LBK from western Asia and south Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From there, it diffused throughout Europe in the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Palaeolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Palaeolithic">Upper Palaeolithic</a>, which was inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Cro-Magnon" title="Cro-Magnon">Cro-Magnon</a> man and was responsible for many works of art, such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Willendorf" title="Venus of Willendorf">Venus of Willendorf</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the transition to the Neolithic, "the female principle continued to predominate the cultures that had grown up around the mysterious processes of birth and generation."<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The LBK, therefore, did not bring anything new spiritually to Europe, nor was the cult in any way localized to Europe. It is reflected in the vase paintings, figurines, graves and grave goods, and surviving customs and myths of Europe. In the north, the goddess could manifest herself as the mistress of animals, grain, distaff and loom, household, and life and death.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The works of the noted late archaeologist <a href="/wiki/Marija_Gimbutas" title="Marija Gimbutas">Marija Gimbutas</a> present a major study of the iconography and surviving beliefs of the European Neolithic, including the Linear Pottery culture. She was able to trace the unity of reproductive themes in cultural objects previously unsuspected of such themes. For example, the burial pits of the Linear Pottery culture, which were lined with stone, clay, or plaster, may have been intended to represent eggs. The deceased returns to the egg, so to speak, there to await rebirth.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The presence of such pits contemporaneously with the burial of women and children under the floors of houses suggests a multiplicity of religious convictions, as does the use of both cremation and inhumation. Some of the figurines are not of females, but are <a href="/wiki/Androgynous" class="mw-redirect" title="Androgynous">androgynous</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funerary_customs">Funerary customs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linear_Pottery_culture&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Funerary customs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Linear_Pottery_culture_necklace_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Linear_Pottery_culture_necklace_1.png/185px-Linear_Pottery_culture_necklace_1.png" decoding="async" width="185" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Linear_Pottery_culture_necklace_1.png/278px-Linear_Pottery_culture_necklace_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Linear_Pottery_culture_necklace_1.png/370px-Linear_Pottery_culture_necklace_1.png 2x" data-file-width="589" data-file-height="495" /></a><figcaption>Necklace made from <a href="/wiki/Spondylus" title="Spondylus">spondylus</a> shell and white <a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a>, Poland</figcaption></figure> <p>The early Neolithic in Europe featured burials of women and children under the floors of personal residences. Remains of adult males are missing. Probably, Neolithic culture featured sex discrimination in funerary customs, and women and children were important in ideology concerning the home.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Burials beneath the floors of homes continued until about 4000 BC. However, in the Balkans and central Europe, the cemetery also came into use at about 5000 BC. LBK cemeteries contained from 20 to 200 graves arranged in groups that appear to have been based on kinship. Males and females of any age were included. Both <a href="/wiki/Cremation" title="Cremation">cremation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inhumation" class="mw-redirect" title="Inhumation">inhumation</a> were practiced. The inhumed were placed in a flexed position in pits lined with stones, plaster, or clay. Cemeteries were close to, but distinct from, residential areas.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The presence of grave goods indicates both a sex and a dominance discrimination. Male graves included stone celts, flint implements, and money or jewelry of <i>Spondylus</i> shells. Female graves contained many of the same artifacts as male graves, but also most of the pottery and containers of ochre. The goods have been interpreted as gifts to the departed or personal possessions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Only about 30% of the graves have goods. This circumstance has been interpreted as some sort of distinction in <a href="/wiki/Dominance_(ethology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominance (ethology)">dominance</a>, but the exact nature is not known. If the goods were gifts, then some were more honored than others; if they were possessions, then some were wealthier than others.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>These practices are contrasted to mass graves, such as the <a href="/wiki/Talheim_Death_Pit" title="Talheim Death Pit">Talheim Death Pit</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Herxheim_(archaeological_site)" title="Herxheim (archaeological site)">Herxheim archeological site</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Herxheim was a ritual center and a <a href="/wiki/Mass_grave" title="Mass grave">mass grave</a> that contained the scattered remains of at least 450 individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-Golitko_&_Keeley_2007_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Golitko_&_Keeley_2007-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linear_Pottery_culture&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">The <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> ↑ <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Neolithic cultures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div style="text-align:left"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Fertile_Crescent" title="Fertile Crescent">Fertile Crescent</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Heavy_Neolithic" title="Heavy Neolithic">Heavy Neolithic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shepherd_Neolithic" title="Shepherd Neolithic">Shepherd Neolithic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Trihedral_Neolithic" title="Trihedral Neolithic">Trihedral Neolithic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic" title="Pre-Pottery Neolithic">Pre-Pottery</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_A" title="Pre-Pottery Neolithic A">A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_B" title="Pre-Pottery Neolithic B">B</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Qaraoun_culture" title="Qaraoun culture">Qaraoun culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tahunian" title="Tahunian">Tahunian culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yarmukian_culture" title="Yarmukian culture">Yarmukian culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Halaf_culture" title="Halaf culture">Halaf culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Halaf-Ubaid_Transitional_period" title="Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period">Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Ubaid culture</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile valley</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Faiyum_A_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Faiyum A culture">Faiyum A culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tasian_culture" title="Tasian culture">Tasian culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Merimde_culture" title="Merimde culture">Merimde culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/El_Omari_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="El Omari culture">El Omari culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maadi_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Maadi culture">Maadi culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Badarian_culture" title="Badarian culture">Badarian culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amratian_culture" title="Amratian culture">Amratian culture</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Europe" title="Neolithic Europe">Europe</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Arzachena_culture" title="Arzachena culture">Arzachena culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boian_culture" title="Boian culture">Boian culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Butmir_culture" title="Butmir culture">Butmir culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cardium_pottery" title="Cardium pottery">Cardium pottery culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cernavod%C4%83_culture" title="Cernavodă culture">Cernavodă culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Co%C8%9Bofeni_culture" title="Coțofeni culture">Coțofeni culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cucuteni%E2%80%93Trypillia_culture" title="Cucuteni–Trypillia culture">Cucuteni–Trypillia culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Danilo_culture" title="Danilo culture">Danilo culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dude%C8%99ti_culture" title="Dudești culture">Dudești culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gorne%C5%9Fti_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorneşti culture">Gorneşti culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gumelni%C8%9Ba%E2%80%93Karanovo_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Gumelnița–Karanovo culture">Gumelnița–Karanovo culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hamangia_culture" title="Hamangia culture">Hamangia culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kakanj_culture" title="Kakanj culture">Kakanj culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Khirokitia" title="Khirokitia">Khirokitia</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Linear Pottery culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_Temples_of_Malta" title="Megalithic Temples of Malta">Malta Temples</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ozieri_culture" title="Ozieri culture">Ozieri culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Petre%C5%9Fti_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Petreşti culture">Petreşti culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Ciriaco_culture" title="San Ciriaco culture">San Ciriaco culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shulaveri%E2%80%93Shomu_culture" title="Shulaveri–Shomu culture">Shulaveri–Shomu culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sesklo_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesklo culture">Sesklo culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sopot_culture" title="Sopot culture">Sopot culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tisza_culture" title="Tisza culture">Tisza culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tiszapolg%C3%A1r_culture" title="Tiszapolgár culture">Tiszapolgár culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Usatovo_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Usatovo culture">Usatovo culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Varna_culture" title="Varna culture">Varna culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vin%C4%8Da_culture" title="Vinča culture">Vinča culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vu%C4%8Dedol_culture" title="Vučedol culture">Vučedol culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Transylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolithic Transylvania">Neolithic Transylvania</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Southeastern_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolithic Southeastern Europe">Neolithic Southeastern Europe</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Neolithic_cultures_of_China" title="List of Neolithic cultures of China">China</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Peiligang_culture" title="Peiligang culture">Peiligang culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pengtoushan_culture" title="Pengtoushan culture">Pengtoushan culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Beixin_culture" title="Beixin culture">Beixin culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cishan_culture" title="Cishan culture">Cishan culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dadiwan_culture" title="Dadiwan culture">Dadiwan culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Houli_culture" title="Houli culture">Houli culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Xinglongwa_culture" title="Xinglongwa culture">Xinglongwa culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Xinle_culture" title="Xinle culture">Xinle culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zhaobaogou_culture" title="Zhaobaogou culture">Zhaobaogou culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hemudu_culture" title="Hemudu culture">Hemudu culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Daxi_culture" title="Daxi culture">Daxi culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Majiabang_culture" title="Majiabang culture">Majiabang culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yangshao_culture" title="Yangshao culture">Yangshao culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hongshan_culture" title="Hongshan culture">Hongshan culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dawenkou_culture" title="Dawenkou culture">Dawenkou culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Songze_culture" title="Songze culture">Songze culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liangzhu_culture" title="Liangzhu culture">Liangzhu culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Majiayao_culture" title="Majiayao culture">Majiayao culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Qujialing_culture" title="Qujialing culture">Qujialing culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Longshan_culture" title="Longshan culture">Longshan culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baodun_culture" title="Baodun culture">Baodun culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shijiahe_culture" title="Shijiahe culture">Shijiahe culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yueshi_culture" title="Yueshi culture">Yueshi culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Tibet" title="Neolithic Tibet">Neolithic Tibet</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolithic South Asia">South Asia</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Lahuradewa" title="Lahuradewa">Lahuradewa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marine_archaeology_in_the_Gulf_of_Cambay" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine archaeology in the Gulf of Cambay">Marine archaeology<br /> in the Gulf of Cambay</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bhirrana" title="Bhirrana">Bhirrana</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rakhigarhi" title="Rakhigarhi">Rakhigarhi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kalibangan" title="Kalibangan">Kalibangan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chopani_Mando" title="Chopani Mando">Chopani Mando</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jhukar_Phase" class="mw-redirect" title="Jhukar Phase">Jhukar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Daimabad" title="Daimabad">Daimabad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chirand" title="Chirand">Chirand</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Koldihwa" title="Koldihwa">Koldihwa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Burzahom_archaeological_site" title="Burzahom archaeological site">Burzahom</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mundigak" title="Mundigak">Mundigak</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brahmagiri_archaeological_site" title="Brahmagiri archaeological site">Brahmagiri</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Other locations <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Khiamian_culture" title="Khiamian culture">Khiamian culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jeulmun_pottery_period" title="Jeulmun pottery period">Jeulmun pottery period</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_period" title="Jōmon period">Jōmon period</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Philippine_jade_culture" title="Philippine jade culture">Philippine jade culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Capsian_culture" title="Capsian culture">Capsian culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Savanna_Pastoral_Neolithic" title="Savanna Pastoral Neolithic">Savanna Pastoral Neolithic</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Neolithic topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution" title="Neolithic Revolution">Neolithic Revolution</a> (farming)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry" title="Animal husbandry">Animal husbandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallurgy" title="Metallurgy">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel" title="Wheel">Wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_circular_enclosures_in_Central_Europe" title="Neolithic circular enclosures in Central Europe">Circular ditches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henge" title="Henge">Henges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalith" title="Megalith">Megaliths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolithic religion">Neolithic religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_decline" title="Neolithic decline">Neolithic decline</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#efefef; font-size:100%;"> ↓ <a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neolithic" title="Template:Neolithic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neolithic" title="Template talk:Neolithic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neolithic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neolithic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardium_pottery_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardium pottery culture">Cardium pottery culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonian_plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Pannonian plain">Danubian Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demic_diffusion" title="Demic diffusion">Demic diffusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ertebolle_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Ertebolle culture">Ertebolle culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Hungarian_Plain" title="Great Hungarian Plain">Great Hungarian Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goseck_circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Goseck circle">Goseck circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_N1a_(mtDNA)" title="Haplogroup N1a (mtDNA)">Haplogroup N1a (mtDNA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">Hunter-gatherer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Hungarian_Plain" title="Little Hungarian Plain">Little Hungarian Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_forest_in_Central_Europe#The_most_recent_post-glacial_period_-_return_migration_of_tree_species" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the forest in Central Europe">Middle interglacial (Atlantic) and history of the Central European Forest</a></li> <li>Neolithic: <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Europe" title="Neolithic Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_founder_crops" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolithic founder crops">founder crops</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_long_house" title="Neolithic long house">long house</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution" title="Neolithic Revolution">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_European_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Old European culture">Old European culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonian_basin_before_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Pannonian basin before Hungary">Pannonian basin before Hungary</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linear_Pottery_culture&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Hib121-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hib121_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hibben, page 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSzymon_Zdziebłowski2019" class="citation web cs1">Szymon Zdziebłowski (28 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scienceinpoland.pap.pl/en/news/news%2C79691%2Cgiant-7000-year-old-religious-structures-found-near-lysomice.html">"Giant 7,000-Year-Old 'Religious' Structures Found near Łysomice"</a>. Science in Poland<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Giant+7%2C000-Year-Old+%27Religious%27+Structures+Found+near+%C5%81ysomice&rft.pub=Science+in+Poland&rft.date=2019-11-28&rft.au=Szymon+Zdzieb%C5%82owski&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscienceinpoland.pap.pl%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fnews%252C79691%252Cgiant-7000-year-old-religious-structures-found-near-lysomice.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klopfleisch (1882), <i>Die Grabhügel von Leubingen, Sömmerda und Nienstädt</i>, in the <i>Voraufgehend: allgemeine Einleitung</i>, section entitled <i>Charakteristik und Zeitfolge der Keramik.</i> Brief recognition of his authorship is given in English by Fagan, Brian Murray (1996), <i>The Oxford Companion to Archaeology</i>, Oxford University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-507618-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-507618-4">0-19-507618-4</a> p. 84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dolukhanov under External links, Models. The numbers are stated in the abstract. Note that figures such as this although true given the parameters depend on data that was selected by the investigator and are best regarded as approximations.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaskevych2006" class="citation journal cs1">Gaskevych, Dmytro. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iananu-kiev.academia.edu/DmytroGaskevych/Papers/794214/Vita-Poshtova_2_-_New_The_Easternmost_Site_of_The_Linear_Band_Pottery_Culture">"Vita-Poshtova 2 – New The Easternmost Site of The Linear Band Pottery Culture"</a>. <i>Sprawozdania Archeologiczne</i>. <b>58</b>: 205–221.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sprawozdania+Archeologiczne&rft.atitle=Vita-Poshtova+2+%E2%80%93+New+The+Easternmost+Site+of+The+Linear+Band+Pottery+Culture&rft.volume=58&rft.pages=205-221&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Gaskevych&rft.aufirst=Dmytro.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiananu-kiev.academia.edu%2FDmytroGaskevych%2FPapers%2F794214%2FVita-Poshtova_2_-_New_The_Easternmost_Site_of_The_Linear_Band_Pottery_Culture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">External links, Dates below</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the article <i>The Interaction Between Early Farmers and Indigenous People in Central Belgium</i> included under <i>External links, People</i> below.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KRAP2007-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KRAP2007_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KRAP2007_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KRAP2007_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KRAP2007_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KRAP2007_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">KRAP (2007) under External Links, Places.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hertelendi and others (1995) under External links, Places, especially p. 242.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gimb1991-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gimb1991_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gimb1991_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gimbutas (1991) pp. 35–45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070204150732/http://www.comp-archaeology.org/Chronolog-N-Cent-S-Germany.gif">"Chronology of North, Central and Southern Germany"</a>. <i>www.comp-archaeology.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comp-archaeology.org/Chronolog-N-Cent-S-Germany.gif">the original</a> on 4 February 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.comp-archaeology.org&rft.atitle=Chronology+of+North%2C+Central+and+Southern+Germany&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.comp-archaeology.org%2FChronolog-N-Cent-S-Germany.gif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bald2006-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bald2006_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bald2006_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bald2006_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bald2006_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Baldia (2006) <i>The Earliest Bandkeramik.</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This article does not have space for all the names, but they can for the most part be found in the sources.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baldia (2003) <i>Starcevo-Koros-Cris</i> under External links, Places.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">External links, Places. These numbers are their 1σ range. For the tolerances, see the article.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hert-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hert_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hert_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hert_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hertelendi and others, External links, Places.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1991 pp. 43–46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europeanvirtualmuseum.it/reperti/195.htm">"Neolithic Double-faced pot, Hungary, 5200-4900 BC"</a>. <i>europeanvirtualmuseum.it</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=europeanvirtualmuseum.it&rft.atitle=Neolithic+Double-faced+pot%2C+Hungary%2C+5200-4900+BC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europeanvirtualmuseum.it%2Freperti%2F195.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Price, pages 13–16, gives an overview of the theory's development.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The article by Kertész covers the research on the area and the concepts of hiatus and barrier.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dolukhanov and others (2005) pages 1453–1457.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clark & Piggott, pp. 240–246.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Haak, Wolfgang et al, Ancient DNA from the first European Farmers in 7,500-Year-Old Neolithic Sites, Vol. 310, Science, 11 November 2005, page 1018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010ancientDNAstudy-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2010ancientDNAstudy_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2010ancientDNAstudy_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaak2010" class="citation journal cs1">Haak, Wolfgang (9 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2976717">"Ancient DNA from European Early Neolithic Farmers Reveals Their Near Eastern Affinities"</a>. <i>PLOS Biology</i>. <b>8</b> (11): e1000536. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1000536">10.1371/journal.pbio.1000536</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2976717">2976717</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21085689">21085689</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+Biology&rft.atitle=Ancient+DNA+from+European+Early+Neolithic+Farmers+Reveals+Their+Near+Eastern+Affinities&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=e1000536&rft.date=2010-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2976717%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21085689&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1000536&rft.aulast=Haak&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2976717&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathieson2015" class="citation journal cs1">Mathieson, Iain (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4918750">"Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>528</b> (7583): 499–503. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015Natur.528..499M">2015Natur.528..499M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature16152">10.1038/nature16152</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4918750">4918750</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26595274">26595274</a>. <q>Principal component (PCA) and ADMIXTURE analysis, shows that the Anatolian Neolithic samples do not resemble any present-day Near Eastern populations but are shifted towards Europe, clustering with Neolithic European farmers (EEF) from Germany, Hungary, and Spain.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Genome-wide+patterns+of+selection+in+230+ancient+Eurasians&rft.volume=528&rft.issue=7583&rft.pages=499-503&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4918750%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26595274&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature16152&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015Natur.528..499M&rft.aulast=Mathieson&rft.aufirst=Iain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4918750&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunther2016" class="citation journal cs1">Gunther, Torsten (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27685850/">"Genes mirror migrations and cultures in prehistoric Europe — a population genomic perspective"</a>. <i>Current Opinion in Genetics & Development</i>. <b>41</b>: 115–123. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.gde.2016.09.004">10.1016/j.gde.2016.09.004</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27685850">27685850</a>. <q>Early farmers exhibit marked genetic similarities with modern-day southwestern Europeans, but not with modern-day groups from the Near and Middle East. The affinity of Neolithic Europeans to modern Southern Europeans is particularly pronounced for the population isolates of Sardinia and Basques.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Opinion+in+Genetics+%26+Development&rft.atitle=Genes+mirror+migrations+and+cultures+in+prehistoric+Europe+%E2%80%94+a+population+genomic+perspective&rft.volume=41&rft.pages=115-123&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.gde.2016.09.004&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27685850&rft.aulast=Gunther&rft.aufirst=Torsten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F27685850%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOmrak2016" class="citation journal cs1">Omrak, Ayça (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2015.12.019">"Genomic Evidence Establishes Anatolia as the Source of the European Neolithic Gene Pool"</a>. <i>Current Biology</i>. <b>26</b> (2): 270–275. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016CBio...26..270O">2016CBio...26..270O</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2015.12.019">10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.019</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26748850">26748850</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:16238333">16238333</a>. <q>modern-day Anatolians carry signatures of several admixture events from different populations that have diluted this early Neolithic farmer component, explaining why modern-day Sardinian populations, instead of modern-day Anatolian populations, are genetically more similar to the people that drove the Neolithic expansion into Europe. … These results were confirmed by outgroup f3 statistics where, among modern-day groups, Kum6 shows the greatest genetic similarity to Sardinians, Greeks, and Cypriots … Modern-day Anatolian groups display a variety of admixture traces originating from groups in the Middle East, Central Asia, and Siberia, which cause Kum6 to be genetically more similar to modern-day Europeans than to modern-day Anatolians.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Biology&rft.atitle=Genomic+Evidence+Establishes+Anatolia+as+the+Source+of+the+European+Neolithic+Gene+Pool&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=270-275&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cub.2015.12.019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A16238333%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26748850&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016CBio...26..270O&rft.aulast=Omrak&rft.aufirst=Ay%C3%A7a&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.cub.2015.12.019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKılınç2016" class="citation journal cs1">Kılınç, Gülşah (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5069350">"The Demographic Development of the First Farmers in Anatolia"</a>. <i>Current Biology</i>. <b>26</b> (19): 2659–2666. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016CBio...26.2659K">2016CBio...26.2659K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2016.07.057">10.1016/j.cub.2016.07.057</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5069350">5069350</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27498567">27498567</a>. <q>All individuals from the central Anatolian Neolithic were positioned within the genetic variation of present day southern European populations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Biology&rft.atitle=The+Demographic+Development+of+the+First+Farmers+in+Anatolia&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=19&rft.pages=2659-2666&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5069350%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27498567&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cub.2016.07.057&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016CBio...26.2659K&rft.aulast=K%C4%B1l%C4%B1n%C3%A7&rft.aufirst=G%C3%BCl%C5%9Fah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5069350&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarchi2022" class="citation journal cs1">Marchi, Nina (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9166250">"The genomic origins of the world's first farmers"</a>. <i>Cell</i>. <b>185</b> (11): 1842–1859. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cell.2022.04.008">10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.008</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9166250">9166250</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35561686">35561686</a>. <q>western EFs [Early Farmers from Europe and Anatolia] show strongest affinities with modern Sardinians, with the exception of one English (CarsPas1) and two Northwest Anatolian EFs (Bar8 and AKT16), who are found to cluster with modern individuals from other parts of Southern Europe. ... on the whole-genome MDS plot western EFs are closer to some other Southern Europeans than to Sardinians.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell&rft.atitle=The+genomic+origins+of+the+world%27s+first+farmers&rft.volume=185&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1842-1859&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9166250%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35561686&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cell.2022.04.008&rft.aulast=Marchi&rft.aufirst=Nina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9166250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiallo2022" class="citation journal cs1">Diallo, Mame (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8951852">"Circum-Saharan Prehistory through the Lens of mtDNA Diversity"</a>. <i>Genes (Basel)</i>. <b>13</b> (3): 533. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fgenes13030533">10.3390/genes13030533</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8951852">8951852</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35328086">35328086</a>. <q>ancient Near Eastern [Anatolian] farmers are genetically better represented by the current populations of central and western Mediterranean, such as the Sardinians and the Basques, than by the current populations of the Near East.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genes+%28Basel%29&rft.atitle=Circum-Saharan+Prehistory+through+the+Lens+of+mtDNA+Diversity&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=533&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8951852%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35328086&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fgenes13030533&rft.aulast=Diallo&rft.aufirst=Mame&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8951852&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkoglund2012" class="citation journal cs1">Skoglund, Pontus (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22539720/">"Origins and genetic legacy of Neolithic farmers and hunter-gatherers in Europe"</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>336</b> (6080): 466–469. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Sci...336..466S">2012Sci...336..466S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1216304">10.1126/science.1216304</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22539720">22539720</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:13371609">13371609</a>. <q>We obtained 249 million base pairs of genomic DNA from ~5000-year-old remains of three hunter-gatherers and one farmer excavated in Scandinavia and find that the farmer is genetically most similar to extant southern Europeans, contrasting sharply to the hunter-gatherers, whose distinct genetic signature is most similar to that of extant northern Europeans. … We found that compared to a worldwide set of 1638 individuals, all four Neolithic individuals clustered within European variation. … the Neolithic farmer clustered with southern Europeans but was differentiated from Levantine individuals. … Individuals from Turkey stand out because of low levels of allele sharing with both Neolithic groups, possibly due to gene flow from outside of Europe … the Neolithic farmer appears most related to extant Mediterranean European populations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Origins+and+genetic+legacy+of+Neolithic+farmers+and+hunter-gatherers+in+Europe&rft.volume=336&rft.issue=6080&rft.pages=466-469&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1216304&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A13371609%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22539720&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012Sci...336..466S&rft.aulast=Skoglund&rft.aufirst=Pontus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F22539720%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELipson2017-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELipson2017_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLipson2017">Lipson 2017</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENarasimhan2019-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENarasimhan2019_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNarasimhan2019">Narasimhan 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gimbutas (1991) p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The crop and weed information is indebted to Kreuz and others, cited under External links, Economy.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2022/october/milk-use-in-prehistoric-europe.html">"Pioneering research directly dates the earliest milk use in prehistoric Europe"</a>. 17 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Pioneering+research+directly+dates+the+earliest+milk+use+in+prehistoric+Europe&rft.date=2022-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bristol.ac.uk%2Fnews%2F2022%2Foctober%2Fmilk-use-in-prehistoric-europe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">2002, External links, People.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">2003, under External links, Economy.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShennanEdinborough2007" class="citation journal cs1">Shennan, Stephen; Edinborough, Kevan (2007). "Prehistoric population history: From the Late Glacial to the Late Neolithic in Central and Northern Europe". <i>Journal of Archaeological Science</i>. <b>34</b> (8): 1339–45. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007JArSc..34.1339S">2007JArSc..34.1339S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jas.2006.10.031">10.1016/j.jas.2006.10.031</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Archaeological+Science&rft.atitle=Prehistoric+population+history%3A+From+the+Late+Glacial+to+the+Late+Neolithic+in+Central+and+Northern+Europe&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=1339-45&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jas.2006.10.031&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007JArSc..34.1339S&rft.aulast=Shennan&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.au=Edinborough%2C+Kevan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHighfield2008" class="citation news cs1">Highfield, Roger (2 June 2008). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/2066554/Neolithic-men-were-prepared-to-fight-for-their-women.html">"Neolithic men were prepared to fight for their women"</a></span>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/2066554/Neolithic-men-were-prepared-to-fight-for-their-women.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Neolithic+men+were+prepared+to+fight+for+their+women&rft.date=2008-06-02&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft.aulast=Highfield&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F2066554%2FNeolithic-men-were-prepared-to-fight-for-their-women.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-33967908">"German mass grave records prehistoric warfare"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 17 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=German+mass+grave+records+prehistoric+warfare&rft.date=2015-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-33967908&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Golitko_&_Keeley_2007-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Golitko_&_Keeley_2007_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Golitko_&_Keeley_2007_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Golitko, M. & Keeley, L.H. (2007). "Beating ploughshares back into swords: warfare in the Linearbandkeramik." <i>Antiquity</i>, <b>81</b>, 332–342.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchulting2015" class="citation news cs1">Schulting, Rick (17 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/mass-grave-reveals-organised-violence-among-europes-first-farmers-46217">"Mass grave reveals organised violence among Europe's first farmers"</a>. <i>The Conversation</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=Mass+grave+reveals+organised+violence+among+Europe%27s+first+farmers&rft.date=2015-08-17&rft.aulast=Schulting&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fmass-grave-reveals-organised-violence-among-europes-first-farmers-46217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetcalfe2022" class="citation news cs1">Metcalfe, Tom (3 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livescience.com/neolithic-mass-grave-slovakia">"7,000-year-old mass grave in Slovakia may hold human sacrifice victims"</a>. <i>Live Science</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Live+Science&rft.atitle=7%2C000-year-old+mass+grave+in+Slovakia+may+hold+human+sacrifice+victims&rft.date=2022-10-03&rft.aulast=Metcalfe&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livescience.com%2Fneolithic-mass-grave-slovakia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A brief discussion of tools is to be found in Gimbutas (1991) p. 39, and a fuller presentation with pictures of the tool kit in Lodewijckx & Bakels (2005) under External links, People.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Elburg, W. Hein, A. Probst and P. Walter, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://exarc.net/issue-2015-2/ea/field-trials-neolithic-woodworking-relearning-use-early-neolithic-stone-adzes">Field Trials in Neolithic Woodworking – (Re)Learning to Use Early Neolithic Stone Adzes.</a> Experimental Archaeology, Issue 2015/2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gimb39-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gimb39_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gimb39_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The numbers are from Gimbutas (1991) pp. 39–41. However, they are approximately the same as the numbers given by other researchers and can therefore be taken as true measurements within a tolerance.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marc-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marc_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marc_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marc_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marciniak, Chapter 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBogucki2001" class="citation journal cs1">Bogucki, Peter (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.uni-lj.si/DocumentaPraehistorica/article/view/28.6">"Recent research on early farming in central Europe"</a>. <i>Documenta Praehistorica</i>. <b>28</b>: 85–97. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4312%2Fdp.28.6">10.4312/dp.28.6</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Documenta+Praehistorica&rft.atitle=Recent+research+on+early+farming+in+central+Europe&rft.volume=28&rft.pages=85-97&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4312%2Fdp.28.6&rft.aulast=Bogucki&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.uni-lj.si%2FDocumentaPraehistorica%2Farticle%2Fview%2F28.6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBogucki1996" class="citation journal cs1">Bogucki, Peter (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.princeton.edu/bogucki/publications/spread-early-farming-europe">"The spread of early farming in Europe"</a>. <i>American Scientist</i>. <b>83</b> (3): 242–253. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996AmSci..84..242B">1996AmSci..84..242B</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Scientist&rft.atitle=The+spread+of+early+farming+in+Europe&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=242-253&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1996AmSci..84..242B&rft.aulast=Bogucki&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.princeton.edu%2Fbogucki%2Fpublications%2Fspread-early-farming-europe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1991 p. 331.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baldia (2000) <i>The Oldest Dated Well</i> under External links, People, describes an LBK well.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2012-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2012_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2012_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTegelElburgHakelbergStäuble2012" class="citation journal cs1">Tegel W, Elburg R, Hakelberg D, Stäuble H, Büntgen U (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3526582">"Early Neolithic Water Wells Reveal the World's Oldest Wood Architecture"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>7</b> (12): e51374. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PLoSO...751374T">2012PLoSO...751374T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0051374">10.1371/journal.pone.0051374</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3526582">3526582</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23284685">23284685</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Early+Neolithic+Water+Wells+Reveal+the+World%27s+Oldest+Wood+Architecture&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=e51374&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3526582%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23284685&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0051374&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012PLoSO...751374T&rft.aulast=Tegel&rft.aufirst=W&rft.au=Elburg%2C+R&rft.au=Hakelberg%2C+D&rft.au=St%C3%A4uble%2C+H&rft.au=B%C3%BCntgen%2C+U&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3526582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAchterbergBauerochseGieseckeMetzler2015" class="citation journal cs1">Achterberg, Inke; Bauerochse, Andreas; Giesecke, Thomas; Metzler, Alf; Leuschner, Hanns (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283504998">"Contemporaneousness of Trackway Construction and Environmental Change: a Dendrochronological Study in Northwest-German Mires"</a>. <i>Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica</i>. <b>6</b> (1): 19–29. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.24916%2Fiansa.2015.1.2">10.24916/iansa.2015.1.2</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Interdisciplinaria+Archaeologica&rft.atitle=Contemporaneousness+of+Trackway+Construction+and+Environmental+Change%3A+a+Dendrochronological+Study+in+Northwest-German+Mires&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=19-29&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.24916%2Fiansa.2015.1.2&rft.aulast=Achterberg&rft.aufirst=Inke&rft.au=Bauerochse%2C+Andreas&rft.au=Giesecke%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Metzler%2C+Alf&rft.au=Leuschner%2C+Hanns&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F283504998&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Krause (1998) under External links, places.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMüllerMüller-ScheeßeChebenWunderlich2020" class="citation book cs1">Müller, Johannes; Müller-Scheeße, Nils; Cheben, Ivan; Wunderlich, Maria; Furholt, Martin (2020). "6.1 On the demographic development of the LBK and Zeliezovce settlement sites of Vrable and the Upper Zitava Valley". In Furholt, Martin; Cheben, Ivan; Müller, Johannes; Bistáková, Alena; Wunderlich, Maria; Müller-Scheeßel, Nils (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sidestone.com/books/archaeology-in-the-zitava-valley-i"><i>Archaeology in the Zitava valley I</i></a>. Sidestone Press. pp. 493–502. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789088908972" title="Special:BookSources/9789088908972"><bdi>9789088908972</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=6.1+On+the+demographic+development+of+the+LBK+and+Zeliezovce+settlement+sites+of+Vrable+and+the+Upper+Zitava+Valley&rft.btitle=Archaeology+in+the+Zitava+valley+I&rft.pages=493-502&rft.pub=Sidestone+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9789088908972&rft.aulast=M%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Johannes&rft.au=M%C3%BCller-Schee%C3%9Fe%2C+Nils&rft.au=Cheben%2C+Ivan&rft.au=Wunderlich%2C+Maria&rft.au=Furholt%2C+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sidestone.com%2Fbooks%2Farchaeology-in-the-zitava-valley-i&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeckingHohleWolfram2017" class="citation journal cs1">Mecking, Oliver; Hohle, Isabel; Wolfram, Sabine (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319015406">"The development of pottery technology in Eythra from the Early Linear Pottery culture to the Late Stroke Ornamented Pottery culture"</a>. <i>Archeologicke Rozhledy</i>. <b>69</b> (2): 187–208.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archeologicke+Rozhledy&rft.atitle=The+development+of+pottery+technology+in+Eythra+from+the+Early+Linear+Pottery+culture+to+the+Late+Stroke+Ornamented+Pottery+culture&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=187-208&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Mecking&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft.au=Hohle%2C+Isabel&rft.au=Wolfram%2C+Sabine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F319015406&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.princeton.edu/~bogucki/oslonki.html">"Archaeological Research at Oslonki, Poland"</a>. Princeton.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archaeological+Research+at+Oslonki%2C+Poland&rft.pub=Princeton.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.princeton.edu%2F~bogucki%2Foslonki.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111107114229/http://archaeology.about.com/od/lterms/qt/lbk.htm">"Linearbandkeramik Culture – The First Farmers of Europe"</a>. Archaeology.about.com. 17 January 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archaeology.about.com/od/lterms/qt/lbk.htm">the original</a> on 7 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Linearbandkeramik+Culture+%E2%80%93+The+First+Farmers+of+Europe&rft.pub=Archaeology.about.com&rft.date=2013-01-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchaeology.about.com%2Fod%2Flterms%2Fqt%2Flbk.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gimbutas (1991) page 143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Orschiedt (2006) under External links, Places.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/aug/17/mass-grave-prehistoric-warfare-ancient-european-farming-community-neolithic">"Mass grave reveals prehistoric warfare in ancient European farming community"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. 17 August 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230218005116/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/aug/17/mass-grave-prehistoric-warfare-ancient-european-farming-community-neolithic">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Mass+grave+reveals+prehistoric+warfare+in+ancient+European+farming+community&rft.date=2015-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2015%2Faug%2F17%2Fmass-grave-prehistoric-warfare-ancient-european-farming-community-neolithic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/08/12/1504365112">The massacre mass grave of Schöneck-Kilianstädten reveals new insights into collective violence in Early Neolithic Central Europe</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Chapter 1 page 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James pp. 20–22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The reader may find a thorough recapitulation in Davidson (1998), whose chapter titles the above list repeats; however, the topic has received attention from many noted scholars and writers.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The works of Gimbutas listed in the Bibliography are sufficient to give the reader an overall view of her study. However, those interested in an immediately available comprehensive view from a Gimbutas supporter may access Marler (2005) under External links, Models.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An outstanding advocacy of complexity can be found in Hayden (1998) cited under External links, Models. Hayden discovers some of the limitations of Gimbutas' thought. His view was answered in detail in Marler (1999), External links, Models. The reader should be aware that all of Gimbutas' career was surrounded by controversy, perhaps fueled by sexist allegations and counter-allegations. Nevertheless Marler and Hayden are professionals with something valuable to contribute, as are Renfrew and other protagonists of Gimbutas' ongoing debates.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This section is heavily indebted to Gimbutas (1991) pp. 331–332.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linear_Pottery_culture&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Braidwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Braidwood">Braidwood, Robert</a>, <i>Prehistoric men</i>, William Morrow and Company, many editions</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChilde,_Vere_Gordon1951" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/V._Gordon_Childe" title="V. Gordon Childe">Childe, Vere Gordon</a> (1951). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/manmakeshimself00chil"><i>Man Makes Himself</i></a></span>. New York: the New American Library (a Mentor Book).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Man+Makes+Himself&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=the+New+American+Library+%28a+Mentor+Book%29&rft.date=1951&rft.au=Childe%2C+Vere+Gordon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmanmakeshimself00chil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristensen2004" class="citation journal cs1">Christensen, Jonas (2004). "Warfare in the European Neolithic". <i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Archaeologica" title="Acta Archaeologica">Acta Archaeologica</a></i>. <b>75</b> (142, 144, 136): 129. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.0065-001X.2004.00014.x">10.1111/j.0065-001X.2004.00014.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Archaeologica&rft.atitle=Warfare+in+the+European+Neolithic&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=142%2C+144%2C+136&rft.pages=129&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.0065-001X.2004.00014.x&rft.aulast=Christensen&rft.aufirst=Jonas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarkPiggott1967" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Grahame_Clark" title="Grahame Clark">Clark, Grahame</a>; <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Piggott" title="Stuart Piggott">Piggott, Stuart</a> (1967). <i>Prehistoric Societies</i>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-021149-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-021149-8"><bdi>978-0-14-021149-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prehistoric+Societies&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=978-0-14-021149-8&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Grahame&rft.au=Piggott%2C+Stuart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson1998" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, Hilda Ellis (1998). <i>Roles of the Northern Goddess</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-13610-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-13610-5"><bdi>978-0-415-13610-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roles+of+the+Northern+Goddess&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-415-13610-5&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Hilda+Ellis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhrich,_Robert_W.1965" class="citation book cs1">Ehrich, Robert W. (1965). <i>Chronologies in Old World Archaeology</i>. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-19445-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-19445-5"><bdi>978-0-226-19445-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronologies+in+Old+World+Archaeology&rft.place=Chicago+and+London&rft.pub=The+University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1965&rft.isbn=978-0-226-19445-5&rft.au=Ehrich%2C+Robert+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGimbutas,_Marija1982" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marija_Gimbutas" title="Marija Gimbutas">Gimbutas, Marija</a> (1982). <i>The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe 6500–3500 BC: Myths and Cult Images: New and Updated Edition</i>. Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-04655-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-04655-9"><bdi>978-0-520-04655-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Goddesses+and+Gods+of+Old+Europe+6500%E2%80%933500+BC%3A+Myths+and+Cult+Images%3A+New+and+Updated+Edition&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+Los+Angeles&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-520-04655-9&rft.au=Gimbutas%2C+Marija&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGimbutas,_Marija1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marija_Gimbutas" title="Marija Gimbutas">Gimbutas, Marija</a> (1991). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/civilizationofgo0000gimb"><i>The Civilization of the Goddess: The World of Old Europe</i></a></span>. San Francisco: HarperCollins Publishers (HarperSanFrancisco). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-250368-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-250368-8"><bdi>978-0-06-250368-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Civilization+of+the+Goddess%3A+The+World+of+Old+Europe&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=HarperCollins+Publishers+%28HarperSanFrancisco%29&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-06-250368-8&rft.au=Gimbutas%2C+Marija&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcivilizationofgo0000gimb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawkes,_Jacquetta1965" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jacquetta_Hawkes" title="Jacquetta Hawkes">Hawkes, Jacquetta</a> (1965). <i>Prehistory</i>. 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Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prehistoric+Man+in+Europe&rft.place=Norman%2C+Oklahoma&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1958&rft.au=Hibben%2C+Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprehistoricmanin0000hibb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames1994" class="citation book cs1">James, E.O. (1994). <i>The Cult of the Mother-Goddess</i>. 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Routledge Cavendish. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84472-092-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84472-092-7"><bdi>978-1-84472-092-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Placing+Animals+in+the+Neolithic%3A+Social+Zooarchaeology+of+Prehistoric+Farming+Communities&rft.pub=Routledge+Cavendish&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-84472-092-7&rft.aulast=Marciniak&rft.aufirst=Arkadiusz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRenfrew,_Colin1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Colin_Renfrew" title="Colin Renfrew">Renfrew, Colin</a> (1990). <i>Archaeology and Language : The Puzzle of Indo-European Origins</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-38675-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-38675-3"><bdi>978-0-521-38675-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archaeology+and+Language+%3A+The+Puzzle+of+Indo-European+Origins&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-521-38675-3&rft.au=Renfrew%2C+Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStäuble,_Harald2005" class="citation book cs1">Stäuble, Harald (2005). <i>Häuser und absolute Datierung der Ältesten Bandkeramik</i>. Habelt.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=H%C3%A4user+und+absolute+Datierung+der+%C3%84ltesten+Bandkeramik&rft.pub=Habelt&rft.date=2005&rft.au=St%C3%A4uble%2C+Harald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linear_Pottery_culture&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShennan2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Shennan" title="Stephen Shennan">Shennan, Stephen</a> (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4pheDwAAQBAJ"><i>The First Farmers of Europe: An Evolutionary Perspective</i></a>. Cambridge World Archaeology. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9781108386029">10.1017/9781108386029</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781108422925" title="Special:BookSources/9781108422925"><bdi>9781108422925</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Farmers+of+Europe%3A+An+Evolutionary+Perspective&rft.series=Cambridge+World+Archaeology&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781108386029&rft.isbn=9781108422925&rft.aulast=Shennan&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4pheDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linear_Pottery_culture&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Linear_Pottery_culture" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Linear Pottery culture">Linear Pottery culture</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SoH1JIn-f5g">Reconstruction of a Neolithic longhouse (2021)</a> Halle State Museum of Prehistory (video in German – English subtitles available)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archaeo3d.com/en/lide-z-dlouhych-domu/lide-z-dlouhych-domu/lide-z-dlouhych-domu/index.html">The People from Longhouses</a> 3D reconstructions</li> <li>Below are some relevant links to sites publishing current research or recapitulating recent thinking concerning the Neolithic of Europe. Many of the sites referenced contain links to other sites not mentioned here.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overall">Overall</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linear_Pottery_culture&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Overall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDolukhanovShukurovGronenbornSokoloff2005" class="citation journal cs1">Dolukhanov, Pavel; Shukurov, A; Gronenborn, D; Sokoloff, D; Timofeev, V; Zaitseva, G; et al. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ffzg.hr/arheo/ska/tekstovi/neolithic_dispersal.pdf">"The Chronology of Neolithic Dispersal in Central and Eastern Europe"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Archaeological Science</i>. <b>32</b> (10): 1441–1458. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005JArSc..32.1441D">2005JArSc..32.1441D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jas.2005.03.021">10.1016/j.jas.2005.03.021</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Archaeological+Science&rft.atitle=The+Chronology+of+Neolithic+Dispersal+in+Central+and+Eastern+Europe&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1441-1458&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jas.2005.03.021&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005JArSc..32.1441D&rft.aulast=Dolukhanov&rft.aufirst=Pavel&rft.au=Shukurov%2C+A&rft.au=Gronenborn%2C+D&rft.au=Sokoloff%2C+D&rft.au=Timofeev%2C+V&rft.au=Zaitseva%2C+G&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ffzg.hr%2Farheo%2Fska%2Ftekstovi%2Fneolithic_dispersal.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrice2000" class="citation book cs1">Price, T. Douglas (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://assets.cambridge.org/052166/2036/sample/0521662036ws.pdf">"Europe's First Farmers: an Introduction"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Price, T. Douglas (ed.). <i>Europe's First Farmers</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-66203-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-66203-1"><bdi>978-0-521-66203-1</bdi></a>. Hardcover Softcover.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Europe%27s+First+Farmers%3A+an+Introduction&rft.btitle=Europe%27s+First+Farmers&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-521-66203-1&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=T.+Douglas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fassets.cambridge.org%2F052166%2F2036%2Fsample%2F0521662036ws.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060327005138/http://arheologija.ff.uni-lj.si/seminars/a10.html">"10th Neolithic Seminar"</a>. <i>Neolithic Seminars</i>. Ljubljana University, Slovenia. 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arheologija.ff.uni-lj.si/seminars/a10.html">the original</a> on 27 March 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Neolithic+Seminars&rft.atitle=10th+Neolithic+Seminar&rft.date=2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farheologija.ff.uni-lj.si%2Fseminars%2Fa10.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthias_Schulz2010" class="citation web cs1">Matthias Schulz (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/0,1518,723310,00.html">"How Middle Eastern Milk Drinkers Conquered Europe"</a>. Spiegel Online International.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Middle+Eastern+Milk+Drinkers+Conquered+Europe&rft.pub=Spiegel+Online+International&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Matthias+Schulz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fzeitgeist%2F0%2C1518%2C723310%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Models">Models</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linear_Pottery_culture&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDolukhanovShukurov,_Anvar2003" class="citation web cs1">Dolukhanov, Pavel; Shukurov, Anvar (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927045407/http://arheologija.ff.uni-lj.si/documenta/pdf31/31dolukhanov.pdf">"Modelling the Neolithic Dispersal in Northern Eurasia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Documenta Praehistorica XXXI</i>. Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arheologija.ff.uni-lj.si/documenta/pdf31/31dolukhanov.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Documenta+Praehistorica+XXXI&rft.atitle=Modelling+the+Neolithic+Dispersal+in+Northern+Eurasia&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Dolukhanov&rft.aufirst=Pavel&rft.au=Shukurov%2C+Anvar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farheologija.ff.uni-lj.si%2Fdocumenta%2Fpdf31%2F31dolukhanov.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayden1998" class="citation journal cs1">Hayden, Brian (1998). "An Archaeological Evaluation of the Gimbutas Paradigm". <i>The Virtual Pomegranate</i>. <b>6</b> (6): 35–46. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1558%2Fpome.v13i6.35">10.1558/pome.v13i6.35</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Virtual+Pomegranate&rft.atitle=An+Archaeological+Evaluation+of+the+Gimbutas+Paradigm&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=35-46&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1558%2Fpome.v13i6.35&rft.aulast=Hayden&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarler1999" class="citation journal cs1">Marler, Joan (1999). "A Response to Brian Hayden's article". <i>The Virtual Pomegranate</i> (10). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1558%2Fpome.v13i10.37">10.1558/pome.v13i10.37</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Virtual+Pomegranate&rft.atitle=A+Response+to+Brian+Hayden%27s+article&rft.issue=10&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1558%2Fpome.v13i10.37&rft.aulast=Marler&rft.aufirst=Joan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarler2005" class="citation web cs1">Marler, Joan (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.second-congress-matriarchal-studies.com/marler.html">"The Iconography and Social Structure of Old Europe: The Archaeomythological Research of Marija Gimbutas"</a>. <i>Societies of Peace</i>. 2nd World Congress on Matriarchal Studies.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Societies+of+Peace&rft.atitle=The+Iconography+and+Social+Structure+of+Old+Europe%3A+The+Archaeomythological+Research+of+Marija+Gimbutas&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Marler&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.second-congress-matriarchal-studies.com%2Fmarler.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichards2003" class="citation web cs1">Richards, Martin (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927045402/http://arheologija.ff.uni-lj.si/documenta/pdf30/30richards.pdf">"The Neolithic Transition in Europe: archaeological models and genetic evidence"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Documenta Praehistorica XXX</i>. Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arheologija.ff.uni-lj.si/documenta/pdf30/30richards.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Documenta+Praehistorica+XXX&rft.atitle=The+Neolithic+Transition+in+Europe%3A+archaeological+models+and+genetic+evidence&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farheologija.ff.uni-lj.si%2Fdocumenta%2Fpdf30%2F30richards.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dates">Dates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linear_Pottery_culture&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Dates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStadlerLenneis,_E.1996" class="citation journal cs1">Stadler, P.; Lenneis, E. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050416050245/http://www.nhm-wien.ac.at/NHM/Prehist/Stadler/LVAS/QAM/14C/">"Zur Absolutchronologie der Linearbandkeramik aufgrund von 14C-Daten"</a>. <i>Archäologie Österreichs</i>. <b>6</b> (2): 4–13. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhm-wien.ac.at/NHM/Prehist/Stadler/LVAS/QAM/14C/">the original</a> on 16 April 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arch%C3%A4ologie+%C3%96sterreichs&rft.atitle=Zur+Absolutchronologie+der+Linearbandkeramik+aufgrund+von+14C-Daten&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=4-13&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Stadler&rft.aufirst=P.&rft.au=Lenneis%2C+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhm-wien.ac.at%2FNHM%2FPrehist%2FStadler%2FLVAS%2FQAM%2F14C%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span> Select <i>Zur Absolutchronologie der Linearbandkeramik</i> and under that <i>Abb.01</i> for the <a href="/wiki/Calibration_curve" title="Calibration curve">calibration curve</a> and <i>Abb.02</i> for the sample frequency per year. The latter is also given at <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.nhm-wien.ac.at/NHM/Prehist/Stadler/LVAS/QAM/14C/Images/Neol_Abb02.gif">[1]</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People">People</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linear_Pottery_culture&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: People"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBentleyKnipper,_Corina2005" class="citation journal cs1">Bentley, R. Alexander; Knipper, Corina (December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060516231721/http://antiquity.ac.uk/ProjGall/bentley/index.html">"Transhumance at the early Neolithic settlement at Vaihingen (Germany)"</a>. <i>Antiquity</i>. <b>79</b> (306). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antiquity.ac.uk/ProjGall/bentley/index.html">the original</a> on 16 May 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiquity&rft.atitle=Transhumance+at+the+early+Neolithic+settlement+at+Vaihingen+%28Germany%29&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=306&rft.date=2005-12&rft.aulast=Bentley&rft.aufirst=R.+Alexander&rft.au=Knipper%2C+Corina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantiquity.ac.uk%2FProjGall%2Fbentley%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBocquet-Appel2002" class="citation journal cs1">Bocquet-Appel, Jean-Pierre (August–October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051018073509/http://www.ivry.cnrs.fr/deh/bocquet/curant02.pdf">"Paleoanthropological Traces of a Neolithic Demographic Transition"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Current Anthropology</i>. <b>43</b> (4): 637–650. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F342429">10.1086/342429</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145158218">145158218</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ivry.cnrs.fr/deh/bocquet/curant02.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 18 October 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Anthropology&rft.atitle=Paleoanthropological+Traces+of+a+Neolithic+Demographic+Transition&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=637-650&rft.date=2002-08%2F2002-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F342429&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145158218%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Bocquet-Appel&rft.aufirst=Jean-Pierre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ivry.cnrs.fr%2Fdeh%2Fbocquet%2Fcurant02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBogucki2004" class="citation web cs1">Bogucki, Peter (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.princeton.edu/~bogucki/mosaic.html">"The Neolithic Mosaic on the North European Plain"</a>. Princeton University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Neolithic+Mosaic+on+the+North+European+Plain&rft.pub=Princeton+University&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Bogucki&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.princeton.edu%2F~bogucki%2Fmosaic.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span> The article includes an extensive bibliography.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDienekes2005" class="citation web cs1">Dienekes (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dienekes.blogspot.com/2005/11/mtdna-of-early-central-european.html">"mtDNA of early central European farmers"</a>. <i>Dienekes' Anthropology Blog</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dienekes%27+Anthropology+Blog&rft.atitle=mtDNA+of+early+central+European+farmers&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Dienekes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdienekes.blogspot.com%2F2005%2F11%2Fmtdna-of-early-central-european.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span> Dienekes summarizes and reviews <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaakothers2005" class="citation journal cs1">Haak, Wolfgang; others (11 November 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/310/5750/1016">"Ancient DNA from the First European Farmers in 7500-Year-Old Neolithic Sites"</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>310</b> (5750): 1016–1018. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005Sci...310.1016H">2005Sci...310.1016H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1118725">10.1126/science.1118725</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16284177">16284177</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11546893">11546893</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Ancient+DNA+from+the+First+European+Farmers+in+7500-Year-Old+Neolithic+Sites&rft.volume=310&rft.issue=5750&rft.pages=1016-1018&rft.date=2005-11-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1118725&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A11546893%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16284177&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005Sci...310.1016H&rft.aulast=Haak&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft.au=others&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencemag.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F310%2F5750%2F1016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span> No charge for abstract. The article is also reviewed by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKling2005" class="citation web cs1">Kling, Jim (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060927063437/http://www.chemistry.org/portal/a/c/s/1/feature_pro.html?id=c373e907e6595f838f6a17245d830100">"The Origins of Modern Europeans"</a>. <i>Chemistry Org</i>. American Chemical Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemistry.org/portal/a/c/s/1/feature_pro.html?id=c373e907e6595f838f6a17245d830100">the original</a> on 27 September 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chemistry+Org&rft.atitle=The+Origins+of+Modern+Europeans&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Kling&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemistry.org%2Fportal%2Fa%2Fc%2Fs%2F1%2Ffeature_pro.html%3Fid%3Dc373e907e6595f838f6a17245d830100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawks2005" class="citation web cs1">Hawks, John (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060405013234/http://johnhawks.net/weblog/reviews/genetics/mtdna_migrations/neolithic_ancient_dna_2005.w">"Early European mtDNA: only mysterious if you want it to be"</a>. <i>john hawks weblog</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johnhawks.net/weblog/reviews/genetics/mtdna_migrations/neolithic_ancient_dna_2005.w">the original</a> on 5 April 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=john+hawks+weblog&rft.atitle=Early+European+mtDNA%3A+only+mysterious+if+you+want+it+to+be&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Hawks&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johnhawks.net%2Fweblog%2Freviews%2Fgenetics%2Fmtdna_migrations%2Fneolithic_ancient_dna_2005.w&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span><a href="/wiki/John_D._Hawks" title="John D. Hawks">Hawks</a> reviews and comments on three articles.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://html2-f.scribdassets.com/8yk7mdkd1c3cb88n/images/8-6f3bee0133.jpg">Graphic reconstruction of the Linear Pottery: Everyday life by Karol Schauer 1</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150116135748/http://www.museum-digital.de/san/images/201404/14220753471.jpg">Graphic reconstruction of the Linear Pottery: Everyday life by Karol Schauer 3</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150116135752/http://www.museum-digital.de/san/images/201405/19223413831.jpg">Graphic reconstruction of the Linear Pottery: Everyday life by Karol Schauer 4</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLipson2017" class="citation journal cs1">Lipson, Mark (16 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5973800">"Parallel palaeogenomic transects reveal complex genetic history of early European farmers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i>. <b>551</b> (7680). <a href="/wiki/Nature_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature Research">Nature Research</a>: 368–372. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Natur.551..368L">2017Natur.551..368L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature24476">10.1038/nature24476</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5973800">5973800</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29144465">29144465</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Parallel+palaeogenomic+transects+reveal+complex+genetic+history+of+early+European+farmers&rft.volume=551&rft.issue=7680&rft.pages=368-372&rft.date=2017-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5973800%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29144465&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature24476&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017Natur.551..368L&rft.aulast=Lipson&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5973800&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLodewijckxBakels,_Corrie2005" class="citation web cs1">Lodewijckx, Marc; Bakels, Corrie (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060712052439/http://www.arts.kuleuven.be/wea/Farmers/index.htm">"The Interaction Between Early Farmers and Indigenous People in Central Belgium"</a>. <i>Western European Archaeology</i>. Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arts.kuleuven.be/wea/Farmers/index.htm">the original</a> on 12 July 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Western+European+Archaeology&rft.atitle=The+Interaction+Between+Early+Farmers+and+Indigenous+People+in+Central+Belgium&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Lodewijckx&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.au=Bakels%2C+Corrie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arts.kuleuven.be%2Fwea%2FFarmers%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNarasimhan2019" class="citation journal cs1">Narasimhan, Vagheesh M. (6 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6822619">"The formation of human populations in South and Central Asia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>. <b>365</b> (6457). <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a>: eaat7487. <a href="/wiki/BioRxiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="BioRxiv (identifier)">bioRxiv</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1101%2F292581">10.1101/292581</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aat7487">10.1126/science.aat7487</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6822619">6822619</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31488661">31488661</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=The+formation+of+human+populations+in+South+and+Central+Asia&rft.volume=365&rft.issue=6457&rft.pages=eaat7487&rft.date=2019-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6822619%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31488661&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.aat7487&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1101%2F292581%23id-name%3DbioRxiv&rft.aulast=Narasimhan&rft.aufirst=Vagheesh+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6822619&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Places">Places</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linear_Pottery_culture&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Places"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCzerniakRaczkowski,_WlodzimierzSosnowski,_Wojciech2003" class="citation journal cs1">Czerniak, Lech; Raczkowski, Wlodzimierz; Sosnowski, Wojciech (September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060403002350/http://antiquity.ac.uk/ProjGall/czerniak/czerniak.html">"New prospects for the study of Early Neolithic longhouses in the Polish Lowlands"</a>. <i>Antiquity</i>. <b>77</b> (297). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antiquity.ac.uk/ProjGall/czerniak/czerniak.html">the original</a> on 3 April 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiquity&rft.atitle=New+prospects+for+the+study+of+Early+Neolithic+longhouses+in+the+Polish+Lowlands&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=297&rft.date=2003-09&rft.aulast=Czerniak&rft.aufirst=Lech&rft.au=Raczkowski%2C+Wlodzimierz&rft.au=Sosnowski%2C+Wojciech&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantiquity.ac.uk%2FProjGall%2Fczerniak%2Fczerniak.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDomoróczki2006" class="citation web cs1">Domoróczki, László, ed. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929045246/http://www.chain.to/index.php?did=4&sort=b&subject=view_article&id=176">"Heves county"</a>. cultural heritage activities and institutes network (CHAIN). 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(1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0033822200030691">"Re-Evaluation of the Neolithic in Eastern Hungary Based on Calibrated Radiocarbon Dates"</a>. <i>Radiocarbon</i>. <b>37</b> (2): 239–244. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995Radcb..37..239H">1995Radcb..37..239H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0033822200030691">10.1017/S0033822200030691</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiocarbon&rft.atitle=Re-Evaluation+of+the+Neolithic+in+Eastern+Hungary+Based+on+Calibrated+Radiocarbon+Dates&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=239-244&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0033822200030691&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1995Radcb..37..239H&rft.aulast=Hertelendi&rft.aufirst=Ede&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS0033822200030691&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKörös_Regional_Archaeological_Project2007" class="citation web cs1">Körös Regional Archaeological Project (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070211073956/http://www.anthro.fsu.edu/research/koros/overview/arch_background/arch_background.html">"The Archaeological Background"</a>. Florida State University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anthro.fsu.edu/research/koros/overview/arch_background/arch_background.html">the original</a> on 11 February 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Archaeological+Background&rft.pub=Florida+State+University&rft.date=2007&rft.au=K%C3%B6r%C3%B6s+Regional+Archaeological+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anthro.fsu.edu%2Fresearch%2Fkoros%2Foverview%2Farch_background%2Farch_background.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrause1998" class="citation web cs1">Krause, Rüdiger (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070705074454/http://home.bawue.de/~wmwerner/grabung/vaih99_e.html">"An enclosed Bandkeramik village and cemetery from the 6th millennium BC near Vaihingen/Enz"</a>. <i>Archaeological Excavation in Baden-Wurttemberg</i>. Schalk, Emily (trans.). Wolfgang M. Werner. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.bawue.de/~wmwerner/grabung/vaih99_e.html">the original</a> on 5 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archaeological+Excavation+in+Baden-Wurttemberg&rft.atitle=An+enclosed+Bandkeramik+village+and+cemetery+from+the+6th+millennium+BC+near+Vaihingen%2FEnz&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Krause&rft.aufirst=R%C3%BCdiger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.bawue.de%2F~wmwerner%2Fgrabung%2Fvaih99_e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLouwe_Kooijmans1976" class="citation web cs1">Louwe Kooijmans, Leendert P. (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070726050230/https://www.openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/1887/2789/1/171_009.pdf">"The Neolithic at the Lower Rhine"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Leiden University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/1887/2789/1/171_009.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Neolithic+at+the+Lower+Rhine&rft.pub=Leiden+University&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Louwe+Kooijmans&rft.aufirst=Leendert+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.openaccess.leidenuniv.nl%2Fbitstream%2F1887%2F2789%2F1%2F171_009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrschiedtHaidle,_Miriam_Noel2006" class="citation web cs1">Orschiedt, Joerg; Haidle, Miriam Noel (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927045415/http://www.urgeschichte.uni-tuebingen.de/fileadmin/downloads/Haidle/HerxheimConflictArch2006.pdf">"The LBK Enclosure at Herxheim: Theatre of War or Ritual Centre? References from Osteoarchaeological Investigation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. University of Tübingen. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.urgeschichte.uni-tuebingen.de/fileadmin/downloads/Haidle/HerxheimConflictArch2006.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+LBK+Enclosure+at+Herxheim%3A+Theatre+of+War+or+Ritual+Centre%3F+References+from+Osteoarchaeological+Investigation&rft.pub=University+of+T%C3%BCbingen&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Orschiedt&rft.aufirst=Joerg&rft.au=Haidle%2C+Miriam+Noel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.urgeschichte.uni-tuebingen.de%2Ffileadmin%2Fdownloads%2FHaidle%2FHerxheimConflictArch2006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLodewijckxWaegeman,_TonyBarten,_Merle1989" class="citation web cs1">Lodewijckx, Marc; Waegeman, Tony; Barten, Merle (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928102621/http://www.naturalsciences.be/mars/groups/fnrs-contact-group/notae-praehistoricae/pdf/Np09/np09_37-40.pdf">"Cimetière rubané à Millen? (Belgique, prov. du Limbourg)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Notae Praehistoricae. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naturalsciences.be/mars/groups/fnrs-contact-group/notae-praehistoricae/pdf/Np09/np09_37-40.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cimeti%C3%A8re+ruban%C3%A9+%C3%A0+Millen%3F+%28Belgique%2C+prov.+du+Limbourg%29&rft.pub=Notae+Praehistoricae&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Lodewijckx&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.au=Waegeman%2C+Tony&rft.au=Barten%2C+Merle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naturalsciences.be%2Fmars%2Fgroups%2Ffnrs-contact-group%2Fnotae-praehistoricae%2Fpdf%2FNp09%2Fnp09_37-40.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economy_2">Economy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linear_Pottery_culture&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbersbachSchade,_Christoph2003" class="citation web cs1">Ebersbach, Renate; Schade, Christoph (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927045403/http://pages.unibas.ch/arch/archbiol/pdf/Ebersbach2004.pdf">"Modelling the Intensity of Linear Pottery Land Use – An Example from the Mörlener Bucht in the Wetterau Basin, Hesse, Germany"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. University of Basel. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pages.unibas.ch/arch/archbiol/pdf/Ebersbach2004.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Modelling+the+Intensity+of+Linear+Pottery+Land+Use+%E2%80%93+An+Example+from+the+M%C3%B6rlener+Bucht+in+the+Wetterau+Basin%2C+Hesse%2C+Germany&rft.pub=University+of+Basel&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Ebersbach&rft.aufirst=Renate&rft.au=Schade%2C+Christoph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpages.unibas.ch%2Farch%2Farchbiol%2Fpdf%2FEbersbach2004.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKreuzMarinova,_ElenaSchäfer,_EvaWiethold,_Julian2005" class="citation journal cs1">Kreuz, Angela; Marinova, Elena; Schäfer, Eva; Wiethold, Julian (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070611135608/http://www.urgeschichte.uni-tuebingen.de/fileadmin/downloads/weitere_Mitarbeiter/Marinova/Kreuz_etal_VHA14_2005klein.pdf">"A comparison of early Neolithic crop and weed assemblages from the Linearbandkeramik and the Bulgarian Neolithic cultures: differences and similarities"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Vegetation History and Archaeobotany</i>. <b>14</b> (4): 237. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005VegHA..14..237K">2005VegHA..14..237K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00334-005-0080-0">10.1007/s00334-005-0080-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55932126">55932126</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.urgeschichte.uni-tuebingen.de/fileadmin/downloads/weitere_Mitarbeiter/Marinova/Kreuz_etal_VHA14_2005klein.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 11 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vegetation+History+and+Archaeobotany&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+early+Neolithic+crop+and+weed+assemblages+from+the+Linearbandkeramik+and+the+Bulgarian+Neolithic+cultures%3A+differences+and+similarities&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=237&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A55932126%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00334-005-0080-0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005VegHA..14..237K&rft.aulast=Kreuz&rft.aufirst=Angela&rft.au=Marinova%2C+Elena&rft.au=Sch%C3%A4fer%2C+Eva&rft.au=Wiethold%2C+Julian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.urgeschichte.uni-tuebingen.de%2Ffileadmin%2Fdownloads%2Fweitere_Mitarbeiter%2FMarinova%2FKreuz_etal_VHA14_2005klein.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinear+Pottery+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output 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title="Neolithic">New Stone Age</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_technology" title="History of technology">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_archaeology" title="Glossary of archaeology">Glossary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Tools" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Tools</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a 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products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sickle" title="Sickle">Sickle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrace_(earthworks)" title="Terrace (earthworks)">Terracing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Food processing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Control_of_fire_by_early_humans" title="Control of fire by early humans">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basket" title="Basket">Basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking" title="Cooking">Cooking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earth_oven" title="Earth oven">Earth oven</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granary" title="Granary">Granaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinding_slab" title="Grinding slab">Grinding slab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_stone" title="Ground stone">Ground stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearth" title="Hearth">Hearth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9F%C4%B1kl%C4%B1_H%C3%B6y%C3%BCk#Hearths" title="Aşıklı Höyük">Aşıklı Höyük</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qesem_cave#Fire" title="Qesem cave">Qesem cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mano_(stone)" title="Mano (stone)">Manos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metate" title="Metate">Metate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortar_and_pestle" title="Mortar and pestle">Mortar and pestle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quern-stone" title="Quern-stone">Quern-stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_storage_pits" title="Prehistoric storage pits">Storage pits</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Hunting_hypothesis" title="Hunting hypothesis">Hunting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrow" title="Arrow">Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boomerang" title="Boomerang">Boomerang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Throwing_stick" title="Throwing stick">throwing stick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">Bow and arrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_archery" title="History of archery">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian#Hunting" title="Gravettian">Nets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spear" title="Spear">Spear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spear-thrower" title="Spear-thrower">spear-thrower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baton_fragment_(Palart_310)" title="Baton fragment (Palart 310)">baton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpoon" title="Harpoon">harpoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6ningen_spears" title="Schöningen spears">Schöningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woomera_(spear-thrower)" title="Woomera (spear-thrower)">woomera</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Projectile_point" title="Projectile point">Projectile points</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrowhead" title="Arrowhead">Arrowhead</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_arrowhead" title="Transverse arrowhead">Transverse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bare_Island_projectile_point" title="Bare Island projectile point">Bare Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_point" title="Cascade point">Cascade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_point" title="Clovis point">Clovis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creswellian_culture" title="Creswellian culture">Cresswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_point" title="Cumberland point">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_point" title="Eden point">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_point" title="Folsom point">Folsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamoka_projectile_point" title="Lamoka projectile point">Lamoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manis_Mastodon_site" title="Manis Mastodon site">Manis Mastodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano_point" title="Plano point">Plano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Game_drive_system" title="Game drive system">Game drive system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_jump" title="Buffalo jump">Buffalo jump</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Toolmaking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industry_(archaeology)" title="Industry (archaeology)">Earliest toolmaking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oldowan" title="Oldowan">Oldowan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acheulean" title="Acheulean">Acheulean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mousterian" title="Mousterian">Mousterian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurignacian" title="Aurignacian">Aurignacian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_culture" title="Clovis culture">Clovis culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupstone" title="Cupstone">Cupstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_hardening" title="Fire hardening">Fire hardening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian" title="Gravettian">Gravettian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafting" title="Hafting">Hafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_axe" title="Hand axe">Hand axe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grooves_(archaeology)" title="Grooves (archaeology)">Grooves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdale_axe_industry" title="Langdale axe industry">Langdale axe industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levallois_technique" title="Levallois technique">Levallois technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_core" title="Lithic core">Lithic core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_reduction" title="Lithic reduction">Lithic reduction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_analysis" title="Lithic analysis">analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debitage" title="Debitage">debitage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_flake" title="Lithic flake">flake</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Lithic technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalenian" title="Magdalenian">Magdalenian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrous_metallurgy" title="Ferrous metallurgy">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microblade_technology" title="Microblade technology">Microblade technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grime%27s_Graves" title="Grime's Graves">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prepared-core_technique" title="Prepared-core technique">Prepared-core technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solutrean" title="Solutrean">Solutrean industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striking_platform" title="Striking platform">Striking platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tool_stone" title="Tool stone">Tool stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniface" title="Uniface">Uniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yubetsu_technique" title="Yubetsu technique">Yubetsu technique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">Other tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adze" title="Adze">Adze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stitching_awl" title="Stitching awl">Awl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian#Use_of_animal_remains" title="Gravettian">bone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axe" title="Axe">Axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannerstone" title="Bannerstone">Bannerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blade_(archaeology)" title="Blade (archaeology)">Blade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prismatic_blade" title="Prismatic blade">prismatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bone_tool" title="Bone tool">Bone tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_drill" title="Bow drill">Bow drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burin_(lithic_flake)" title="Burin (lithic flake)">Burin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe#History" title="Canoe">Canoe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oar" title="Oar">Oar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesse_canoe" title="Pesse canoe">Pesse canoe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopper_(archaeology)" title="Chopper (archaeology)">Chopper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chopping_tool" title="Chopping tool">tool</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleaver_(Stone_Age_tool)" title="Cleaver (Stone Age tool)">Cleaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denticulate_tool" title="Denticulate tool">Denticulate tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_plough" title="Fire plough">Fire plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-saw" title="Fire-saw">Fire-saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerstone" title="Hammerstone">Hammerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knife" title="Knife">Knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microlith" title="Microlith">Microlith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quern-stone" title="Quern-stone">Quern-stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racloir" title="Racloir">Racloir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">Rope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scraper_(archaeology)" title="Scraper (archaeology)">Scraper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grattoir_de_c%C3%B4t%C3%A9" title="Grattoir de côté">side</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_tool" title="Stone tool">Stone tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tally_stick#Paleolithic_tally_sticks" title="Tally stick">Tally stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_weapons#Copper_Age" title="History of weapons">Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel" title="Wheel">Wheel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronocice_pot" title="Bronocice pot">illustration</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Architecture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_architecture" title="History of architecture">Architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Ceremonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiva" title="Kiva">Kiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid" title="Pyramid">Pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhir" title="Menhir">Standing stones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Megalith" title="Megalith">megalith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_row" title="Stone row">row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Dwellings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_architecture" title="Neolithic architecture">Neolithic architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_long_house" title="Neolithic long house">long house</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_megalith_architecture" title="British megalith architecture">British megalith architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_megalith_architecture" title="Nordic megalith architecture">Nordic megalith architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burdei" title="Burdei">Burdei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_dwelling" title="Cliff dwelling">Cliff dwelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(shelter)" title="Dugout (shelter)">Dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hut" title="Hut">Hut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quiggly_hole" title="Quiggly hole">Quiggly hole</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacal" title="Jacal">Jacal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouse" title="Longhouse">Longhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudbrick" title="Mudbrick">Mudbrick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh#Lifestyle_and_technology" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit-house" title="Pit-house">Pit-house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_pueblitos" title="Navajo pueblitos">Pueblitos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo" title="Pueblo">Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_shelter" title="Rock shelter">Rock shelter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blombos_Cave" title="Blombos Cave">Blombos Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abri_de_la_Madeleine" title="Abri de la Madeleine">Abri de la Madeleine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibudu_Cave" title="Sibudu Cave">Sibudu Cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundhouse_(dwelling)" title="Roundhouse (dwelling)">Roundhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilt_house" title="Stilt house">Stilt house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_pile_dwellings_around_the_Alps" title="Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps">Alp pile dwellings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ness_of_Brodgar" title="Ness of Brodgar">Stone roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattle_and_daub" title="Wattle and daub">Wattle and daub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Water management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Check_dam" title="Check dam">Check dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistern" title="Cistern">Cistern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flush_toilet#History" title="Flush toilet">Flush toilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir">Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well" title="Well">Well</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Other architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feature_(archaeology)" title="Feature (archaeology)">Archaeological features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broch" title="Broch">Broch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnt_mound" title="Burnt mound">Burnt mound</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fulacht_fiadh" title="Fulacht fiadh">fulacht fiadh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Causewayed_enclosure" title="Causewayed enclosure">Causewayed enclosure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tor_enclosure" title="Tor enclosure">Tor enclosure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_circular_enclosures_in_Central_Europe" title="Neolithic circular enclosures in Central Europe">Circular enclosure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goseck_Circle" title="Goseck Circle">Goseck</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursus" title="Cursus">Cursus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henge" title="Henge">Henge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thornborough_Henges" title="Thornborough Henges">Thornborough</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_architectural_elements" title="Megalithic architectural elements">Megalithic architectural elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midden" title="Midden">Midden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_extant_buildings" title="List of oldest extant buildings">Oldest extant buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_circle" title="Timber circle">Timber circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_trackway" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber trackway">Timber trackway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Track" title="Sweet Track">Sweet Track</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Arts_and_culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">Arts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_culture" title="Archaeological culture">culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">Material goods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basket_weaving" title="Basket weaving">Baskets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beadwork" title="Beadwork">Beadwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bed#History" title="Bed">Beds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles" title="History of clothing and textiles">Clothing/textiles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology" title="Timeline of clothing and textiles technology">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cosmetics" title="History of cosmetics">Cosmetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Stone_Age" title="Middle Stone Age">Glue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_hide_materials" title="History of hide materials">Hides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoe#History" title="Shoe">shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96tzi#Clothes_and_shoes" title="Ötzi">Ötzi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery#History" title="Jewellery">Jewelry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amber#Use" title="Amber">amber use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirror#History" title="Mirror">Mirrors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery#History" title="Pottery">Pottery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardium_pottery" title="Cardium pottery">Cardium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cord-marked_pottery" title="Cord-marked pottery">Cord-marked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grooved_ware" title="Grooved ware">Grooved ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_pottery" title="Jōmon pottery">Jōmon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Linear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unstan_ware" title="Unstan ware">Unstan ware</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewing_needle#History" title="Sewing needle">Sewing needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">Wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Areni-1_winery" title="Areni-1 winery">winery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_wine_press#Early_history" title="History of the wine press">wine press</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">Prehistoric art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Upper_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Upper Paleolithic">Art of the Upper Paleolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Middle_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Middle Paleolithic">Art of the Middle Paleolithic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blombos_Cave#Archaeological_remains_and_material_culture_from_the_Middle_Stone_Age_levels" title="Blombos Cave">Blombos Cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Stone_Age_art" title="List of Stone Age art">List of Stone Age art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_stone" title="Bird stone">Bird stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairn" title="Cairn">Cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carved_stone_balls" title="Carved stone balls">Carved stone balls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_painting" title="Cave painting">Cave paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cup_and_ring_mark" title="Cup and ring mark">Cup and ring mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoglyph" title="Geoglyph">Geoglyph</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hill_figure" title="Hill figure">Hill figure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_hat" title="Golden hat">Golden hats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_stones" title="Guardian stones">Guardian stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwion_Gwion_rock_paintings" title="Gwion Gwion rock paintings">Gwion Gwion rock paintings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_painting#Pre-history" title="History of painting">painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigment#History" title="Pigment">pigment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_art" title="Megalithic art">Megalithic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroform" title="Petroform">Petroform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroglyph" title="Petroglyph">Petroglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrosomatoglyph" title="Petrosomatoglyph">Petrosomatoglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictogram" title="Pictogram">Pictogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_art" title="Rock art">Rock art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_cupule" title="Rock cupule">Rock cupule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_carving" title="Stone carving">Stone carving</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture#Prehistoric_periods" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_menhir" title="Statue menhir">Statue menhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circle" title="Stone circle">Stone circle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stone_circles" title="List of stone circles">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circles_in_the_British_Isles_and_Brittany" title="Stone circles in the British Isles and Brittany">British Isles and Brittany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurine" title="Venus figurine">Venus figurine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Burial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">Burial mounds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowl_barrow" title="Bowl barrow">Bowl barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_barrow" title="Round barrow">Round barrow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mound_Builders" title="Mound Builders">Mound Builders culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_burial_mounds_in_the_United_States" title="List of burial mounds in the United States">U.S. sites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_tomb" title="Chamber tomb">Chamber tomb</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cotswold-Severn_Group" title="Cotswold-Severn Group">Cotswold-Severn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cist" title="Cist">Cist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dartmoor_kistvaens" title="Dartmoor kistvaens">Dartmoor kistvaens</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clava_cairn" title="Clava cairn">Clava cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_cairn" title="Court cairn">Court cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cremation#History" title="Cremation">Cremation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">Dolmen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_dolmen" title="Great dolmen">Great dolmen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyre" title="Pyre">Funeral pyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallery_grave" title="Gallery grave">Gallery grave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transepted_gallery_grave" class="mw-redirect" title="Transepted gallery grave">transepted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedge-shaped_gallery_grave" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedge-shaped gallery grave">wedge-shaped</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grave_goods" title="Grave goods">Grave goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jar_burial" title="Jar burial">Jar burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_barrow" title="Long barrow">Long barrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unchambered_long_barrow" title="Unchambered long barrow">unchambered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nsalen" title="Grønsalen">Grønsalen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_tomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Megalithic tomb">Megalithic tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy" title="Mummy">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_grave" title="Passage grave">Passage grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectangular_dolmen" title="Rectangular dolmen">Rectangular dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_cairn" title="Ring cairn">Ring cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_dolmen" title="Simple dolmen">Simple dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_box_grave" title="Stone box grave">Stone box grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_cairn" title="Tor cairn">Tor cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unchambered_long_cairn" title="Unchambered long cairn">Unchambered long cairn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Other cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeoastronomy" title="Archaeoastronomy">Archaeoastronomy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeoastronomical_sites_by_country" title="List of archaeoastronomical sites by country">sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">lunar calendar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_modernity" title="Behavioral modernity">Behavioral modernity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_musicology" title="Evolutionary musicology">Evolutionary musicology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_archaeology" title="Music archaeology">music archaeology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_origin_of_religion" title="Evolutionary origin of religion">Evolutionary origin of religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Paleolithic religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_religion" title="Prehistoric religion">Prehistoric religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entheogenic_drugs_and_the_archaeological_record" title="Entheogenic drugs and the archaeological record">Spiritual drug use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_language" title="Origin of language">Origin of language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_counting" title="Prehistoric counting">Prehistoric counting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_medicine" title="Prehistoric medicine">Prehistoric medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trepanning" title="Trepanning">trepanning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_music" title="Prehistoric music">Prehistoric music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_drum" title="Alligator drum">Alligator drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_flute" title="Paleolithic flute">flutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divje_Babe_flute" title="Divje Babe flute">Divje Babe flute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudi_(instrument)" title="Gudi (instrument)">gudi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_warfare" title="Prehistoric warfare">Prehistoric warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diepkloof_Rock_Shelter" title="Diepkloof Rock Shelter">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Howiesons_Poort#Symbolism" title="Howiesons Poort">symbolism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neolithic_Europe_(including_the_Chalcolithic)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neolithic_Europe" title="Template:Neolithic Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neolithic_Europe" title="Template talk:Neolithic Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neolithic_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neolithic Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neolithic_Europe_(including_the_Chalcolithic)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Europe" title="Neolithic Europe">Neolithic Europe</a> <small>(including the <a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a>)</small></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Mesolithic#Europe" title="Mesolithic">↑ Mesolithic Europe ↑</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Horizon_(archaeology)" title="Horizon (archaeology)">Horizons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardium_pottery" title="Cardium pottery">Cardium pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corded_Ware_culture" title="Corded Ware culture">Corded Ware culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Temperate_Neolithic" title="First Temperate Neolithic">First Temperate Neolithic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Linear Pottery culture</a> (LBK)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_culture" title="Archaeological culture">Cultures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baden_culture" title="Baden culture">Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaker_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaker culture">Beaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boian_culture" title="Boian culture">Boian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butmir_culture" title="Butmir culture">Butmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cernavod%C4%83_culture" title="Cernavodă culture">Cernavodă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerny_culture" title="Cerny culture">Cerny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chass%C3%A9en_culture" title="Chasséen culture">Chasséen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortaillod_culture" title="Cortaillod culture">Cortaillod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co%C8%9Bofeni_culture" title="Coțofeni culture">Coțofeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucuteni%E2%80%93Trypillia_culture" title="Cucuteni–Trypillia culture">Cucuteni–Trypillia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danilo_culture" title="Danilo culture">Danilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decea_Mure%C5%9Fului_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Decea Mureşului culture">Decea Mureşului</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dude%C8%99ti_culture" title="Dudești culture">Dudești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funnelbeaker_culture" title="Funnelbeaker culture">Funnelbeaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudo_culture" title="Gaudo culture">Gaudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globular_Amphora_culture" title="Globular Amphora culture">Globular Amphora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorne%C8%99ti_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Gornești culture">Gornești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumelni%C8%9Ba%E2%80%93Karanovo_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Gumelnița–Karanovo culture">Gumelnița–Karanovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamangia_culture" title="Hamangia culture">Hamangia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horgen_culture" title="Horgen culture">Horgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakanj_culture" title="Kakanj culture">Kakanj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karanovo_culture" title="Karanovo culture">Karanovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lengyel_culture" title="Lengyel culture">Lengyel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narva_culture" title="Narva culture">Narva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neman_culture" title="Neman culture">Neman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petre%C8%99ti_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrești culture">Petrești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit%E2%80%93Comb_Ware_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Pit–Comb Ware culture">Pit–Comb Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitted_Ware_culture" title="Pitted Ware culture">Pitted Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfyn_culture" title="Pfyn culture">Pfyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6ssen_culture" title="Rössen culture">Rössen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rzucewo_culture" title="Rzucewo culture">Rzucewo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seine%E2%80%93Oise%E2%80%93Marne_culture" title="Seine–Oise–Marne culture">Seine–Oise–Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesklo#Sesklo_culture" title="Sesklo">Sesklo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopot_culture" title="Sopot culture">Sopot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sredny_Stog_culture" title="Sredny Stog culture">Sredny Stog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star%C4%8Devo%E2%80%93K%C3%B6r%C3%B6s%E2%80%93Cri%C8%99_culture" title="Starčevo–Körös–Criș culture">Starčevo–Körös–Criș</a> <div class="hlist inline"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star%C4%8Devo_culture" title="Starčevo culture">Starčevo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6r%C3%B6s_culture" title="Körös culture">Körös</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cri%C5%9F_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Criş culture">Criş</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisza_culture" title="Tisza culture">Tisza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiszapolg%C3%A1r_culture" title="Tiszapolgár culture">Tiszapolgár</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varna_culture" title="Varna culture">Varna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vin%C4%8Da_culture" title="Vinča culture">Vinča</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vu%C4%8Dedol_culture" title="Vučedol culture">Vučedol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wartberg_culture" title="Wartberg culture">Wartberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windmill_Hill_culture" title="Windmill Hill culture">Windmill Hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Monumental<br /> architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_barrow" title="Bank barrow">Bank barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Causewayed_enclosure" title="Causewayed enclosure">Causewayed enclosure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cist" title="Cist">Cist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursus" title="Cursus">Cursus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">Dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_dolmen" title="Great dolmen">Great dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_stones" title="Guardian stones">Guardian stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henge" title="Henge">Henge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_barrow" title="Long barrow">Long barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalith" title="Megalith">Megalith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_entrance" title="Megalithic entrance">Megalithic entrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhir" title="Menhir">Menhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_grave" title="Passage grave">Passage grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygonal_dolmen" title="Polygonal dolmen">Polygonal dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectangular_dolmen" title="Rectangular dolmen">Rectangular dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_circular_enclosures_in_Central_Europe" title="Neolithic circular enclosures in Central Europe">Rondel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_barrow" title="Round barrow">Round barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_dolmen" title="Simple dolmen">Simple dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_menhir" title="Statue menhir">Statue menhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circle" title="Stone circle">Stone circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_row" title="Stone row">Stone row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_circle" title="Timber circle">Timber circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_enclosure" title="Tor enclosure">Tor enclosure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unchambered_long_barrow" title="Unchambered long barrow">Unchambered long barrow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_technology" title="Prehistoric technology">Technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grooved_ware" title="Grooved ware">Grooved ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_tool#Neolithic_industries" title="Stone tool">Lithic industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallurgy_during_the_Copper_Age_in_Europe" title="Metallurgy during the Copper Age in Europe">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_long_house" title="Neolithic long house">Neolithic long house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unstan_ware" title="Unstan ware">Unstan ware</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danubian_culture" title="Danubian culture">Danubian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_products_revolution" title="Secondary products revolution">Secondary products revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Europe_(archaeology)" title="Old Europe (archaeology)">Old Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europeans" title="Proto-Indo-Europeans">Proto-Indo-Europeans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_Europe" title="Bronze Age Europe">↓ Bronze Age Europe ↓</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chronology_of_the_Neolithic_period" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neolithic_Chronology" title="Template:Neolithic Chronology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neolithic_Chronology" title="Template talk:Neolithic Chronology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neolithic_Chronology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neolithic Chronology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chronology_of_the_Neolithic_period" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Chronology of the Neolithic period</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #C0C0C0;background-color:#F5F5F5; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic" title="Pre-Pottery Neolithic">Pre-Pottery Neolithic</a></span> <span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #C0C0C0;background-color:#FDF5E6; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Pottery_Neolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pottery Neolithic">Pottery Neolithic</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr> <th style="vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:0px; border-top:0px"><span style="position:relative;top:1em;">BC</span> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Khabur_(Euphrates)" title="Khabur (Euphrates)">Khabur</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_Mountains" title="Sinjar Mountains">Sinjar Mountains</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a> </th> <th>Middle <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris</a> </th> <th>Low<br /><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Khuzistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Khuzistan">Khuzistan</a>) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Indus" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus">Indus</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:0px; border-top:0px"><span style="position:relative;top:1em">11000</span> </th> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_ceramics" title="Chinese ceramics">Early Pottery</a><br />(18,000 BC) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:0px; border-top:0px"><span style="position:relative;top:1em">10000</span> </th> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="4"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="3"> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5; font-size:100%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_A" title="Pre-Pottery Neolithic A">Pre-Pottery Neolithic A</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Gesher_(archaeological_site)" title="Gesher (archaeological site)">Gesher</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mureybet" title="Mureybet">Mureybet</a><br />(10,500 BC) </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="2">  </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="6"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="5"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="4"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:0px; border-top:0px"><span style="position:relative;top:1em">9000</span> </th> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">Jericho</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abu_Hureyra" title="Tell Abu Hureyra">Tell Abu Hureyra</a><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:0px; border-top:0px"><span style="position:relative;top:1em">8000</span> </th> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5; font-size:100%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_B" title="Pre-Pottery Neolithic B">Pre-Pottery Neolithic B</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">Jericho</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tell_Aswad" title="Tell Aswad">Tell Aswad</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6bekli_Tepe" title="Göbekli Tepe">Göbekli Tepe</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ay%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="Çayönü">Çayönü</a><br /><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9F%C4%B1kl%C4%B1_H%C3%B6y%C3%BCk" title="Aşıklı Höyük">Aşıklı Höyük</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><b>Initial Neolithic</b><br /><b>(<a href="/wiki/Chinese_ceramics" title="Chinese ceramics">Pottery</a>)</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Nanzhuangtou" title="Nanzhuangtou">Nanzhuangtou</a><br />(8500–8000 BC) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:0px; border-top:0px"><span style="position:relative;top:1em">7000</span> </th> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5; font-size:100%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Egypt#Neolithic" title="Prehistoric Egypt">Egyptian Neolithic</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Nabta_Playa" title="Nabta Playa">Nabta Playa</a><br />(7500 BC) </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk" title="Çatalhöyük">Çatalhöyük</a><br />(7500–5500)<br /><a href="/wiki/Hacilar" title="Hacilar">Hacilar</a><br />(7000 BC) </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Tell_Sabi_Abyad" title="Tell Sabi Abyad">Tell Sabi Abyad</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bouqras" title="Bouqras">Bouqras</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Jarmo" title="Jarmo">Jarmo</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Ganj_Dareh" title="Ganj Dareh">Ganj Dareh</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chia_Jani" title="Chia Jani">Chia Jani</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ali_Kosh" title="Ali Kosh">Ali Kosh</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:0px; border-top:0px"><span style="position:relative;top:1em">6500</span> </th> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5; font-size:100%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Europe" title="Neolithic Europe">Neolithic Europe</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Franchthi_Cave" title="Franchthi Cave">Franchthi</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sesklo" title="Sesklo">Sesklo</a><br /> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5; font-size:100%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_C" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Pottery Neolithic C">Pre-Pottery Neolithic C</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Ayn_Ghazal_(archaeological_site)" title="Ayn Ghazal (archaeological site)">'Ain Ghazal</a>) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Pottery_Neolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pottery Neolithic">Pottery Neolithic</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Tell_Sabi_Abyad" title="Tell Sabi Abyad">Tell Sabi Abyad</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bouqras" title="Bouqras">Bouqras</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Pottery_Neolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pottery Neolithic">Pottery Neolithic</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Jarmo" title="Jarmo">Jarmo</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Chogha_Bonut" title="Chogha Bonut">Chogha Bonut</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Teppe_Zagheh" title="Teppe Zagheh">Teppe Zagheh</a> </td> <td rowspan="9" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_ceramics" title="Chinese ceramics">Pottery Neolithic</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Peiligang_culture" title="Peiligang culture">Peiligang</a><br />(7000–5000 BC) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:0px; border-top:0px"><span style="position:relative;top:1em">6000</span> </th> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Pottery_Neolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pottery Neolithic">Pottery Neolithic</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Sesklo" title="Sesklo">Sesklo</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Dimini" title="Dimini">Dimini</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Pottery_Neolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pottery Neolithic">Pottery Neolithic</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Yarmukian_culture" title="Yarmukian culture">Yarmukian</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Sha%27ar_HaGolan" title="Sha'ar HaGolan">Sha'ar HaGolan</a>) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Pottery_Neolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pottery Neolithic">Pottery Neolithic</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Ubaid</a> 0<br />(<a href="/wiki/Tell_el-%27Oueili" title="Tell el-'Oueili">Tell el-'Oueili</a>) </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Pottery_Neolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pottery Neolithic">Pottery Neolithic</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Chogha_Mish" title="Chogha Mish">Chogha Mish</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Pottery_Neolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pottery Neolithic">Pottery Neolithic</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Sang-i_Chakmak" title="Sang-i Chakmak">Sang-i Chakmak</a> </td> <td rowspan="7" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Pottery_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Pottery in the Indian subcontinent">Pottery Neolithic</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Lahuradewa" title="Lahuradewa">Lahuradewa</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh II</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh III</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:0px; border-top:0px"><span style="position:relative;top:1em">5600</span> </th> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Egypt#Faiyum_A_culture" title="Prehistoric Egypt">Faiyum A</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><br /><a href="/wiki/Amuq" class="mw-redirect" title="Amuq">Amuq</a> A </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><br /><a href="/wiki/Halaf_culture" title="Halaf culture">Halaf</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="/wiki/Halaf-Ubaid_Transitional_period" title="Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period">Halaf-Ubaid</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umm_Dabaghiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umm Dabaghiya (page does not exist)">Umm Dabaghiya</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><br /><a href="/wiki/Samarra_culture" title="Samarra culture">Samarra</a><br />(6000–4800 BC) </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Tepe_Muhammad_Djafar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tepe Muhammad Djafar">Tepe Muhammad Djafar</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Tepe_Sialk" title="Tepe Sialk">Tepe Sialk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:0px; border-top:0px"><span style="position:relative;top:1em">5200</span> </th> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;" rowspan="6"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Linear Pottery culture</a><br />(5500–4500 BC) </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><br />Amuq B </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Hacilar" title="Hacilar">Hacilar</a><br /><br /><a href="/wiki/Mersin" title="Mersin">Mersin</a><br />24–22<br />  </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><br /><a href="/wiki/Hassuna_culture" title="Hassuna culture">Hassuna</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><br /> <a href="/wiki/Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Ubaid</a> 1<br />(<a href="/wiki/Eridu" title="Eridu">Eridu</a> 19–15)<br /><br /><a href="/wiki/Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Ubaid</a> 2<br />(<a href="/wiki/Hadji_Muhammed" title="Hadji Muhammed">Hadji Muhammed</a>)<br />(<a href="/wiki/Eridu" title="Eridu">Eridu</a> 14–12) </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><br /><a href="/wiki/Susiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Susiana">Susiana</a> A </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Yarim_Tepe_(Iran)" title="Yarim Tepe (Iran)">Yarim Tepe</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hajji_Firuz_Tepe" title="Hajji Firuz Tepe">Hajji Firuz Tepe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:0px; border-top:0px"><span style="position:relative;top:1em">4800</span> </th> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Pottery_Neolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pottery Neolithic">Pottery Neolithic</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Merimde_culture" title="Merimde culture">Merimde</a><br /> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><br />Amuq C </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Hacilar" title="Hacilar">Hacilar</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mersin" title="Mersin">Mersin</a><br />22–20 </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Hassuna_culture" title="Hassuna culture">Hassuna</a> Late<br /><br /><a href="/wiki/Tepe_Gawra" title="Tepe Gawra">Gawra</a> 20 </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tepe_Sabz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tepe Sabz (page does not exist)">Tepe Sabz</a> </td> <td rowspan="34" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Kul_Tepe_Jolfa" title="Kul Tepe Jolfa">Kul Tepe Jolfa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:0px; border-top:0px"><span style="position:relative;top:1em">4500</span> </th> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><br />Amuq D </td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;">Gian Hasan<br /><a href="/wiki/Mersin" title="Mersin">Mersin</a><br />19–17 </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Ubaid</a> 3 </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Ubaid</a> 3<br />(<a href="/wiki/Tepe_Gawra" title="Tepe Gawra">Gawra</a>)<br />19–18 </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Ubaid</a> 3 </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Khazineh" title="Khazineh">Khazineh</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Susiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Susiana">Susiana</a> B </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:0px; border-top:0px"><br /><span style="position:relative;top:1em">3800</span> </th> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Badarian_culture" title="Badarian culture">Badarian</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Naqada_culture" title="Naqada culture">Naqada</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Ubaid</a> 4 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:0px; border-top:0px"> </th> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;" colspan="8"><i>Succeeded by: <a href="/wiki/Template:Rulers_of_the_Ancient_Near_East" title="Template:Rulers of the Ancient Near East">Historical Ancient Near East</a></i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px 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