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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Diet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physical_type" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_type"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Physical type</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_type-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hunting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hunting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Hunting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hunting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_of_animal_remains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_of_animal_remains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Use of animal remains</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Use_of_animal_remains-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Use of animal remains subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Use_of_animal_remains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Decorations_and_tools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decorations_and_tools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Decorations and tools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decorations_and_tools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Genetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveti%C3%A0" title="Gravetià – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gravetià" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravettien" title="Gravettien – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gravettien" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravettien" title="Gravettien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gravettien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravetiense" title="Gravetiense – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gravetiense" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravetio" title="Gravetio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gravetio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravette_aldia" title="Gravette aldia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gravette aldia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="گراوتیان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گراوتیان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravettien" title="Gravettien – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gravettien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%9D%BC%EB%B2%A0%ED%8A%B8_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94" title="그라베트 문화 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="그라베트 문화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravettien" title="Gravettien – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gravettien" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravettia" title="Gravettia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gravettia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravettiano" title="Gravettiano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gravettiano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Граветтиялық мәдениет – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Граветтиялық мәдениет" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravette_Sare" title="Gravette Sare – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Gravette Sare" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravettium" title="Gravettium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gravettium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravet%C4%97s_kult%C5%ABra" title="Gravetės kultūra – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gravetės kultūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultur_gravetian" title="Cultur gravetian – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cultur gravetian" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravetti_kult%C3%BAra" title="Gravetti kultúra – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gravetti kultúra" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravettien" title="Gravettien – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gravettien" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravetian" title="Gravetian – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gravetian" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultura_grawecka" title="Kultura grawecka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kultura grawecka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_Gravetiano" title="Período Gravetiano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Período Gravetiano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Граветтская культура – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Граветтская культура" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Граветијен – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Граветијен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravetijen" title="Gravetijen – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gravetijen" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravetten_kulttuuri" title="Gravetten kulttuuri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gravetten kulttuuri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravettienkulturen" title="Gravettienkulturen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gravettienkulturen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravettiyen" title="Gravettiyen – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gravettiyen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Ґраветтська культура – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ґраветтська культура" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q756905#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Europe" title="Prehistoric Europe">Prehistoric Europe</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Gravettian<br /><small>(33,000–22,000 BP)</small></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:294px;max-width:294px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:154px;max-width:154px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:220px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Female_face,_ivory_carving,_Doln%C3%AD_V%C4%9Bstonice,_Gravettian,_28_000_-_22_000_BP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Female_face%2C_ivory_carving%2C_Doln%C3%AD_V%C4%9Bstonice%2C_Gravettian%2C_28_000_-_22_000_BP.jpg/152px-Female_face%2C_ivory_carving%2C_Doln%C3%AD_V%C4%9Bstonice%2C_Gravettian%2C_28_000_-_22_000_BP.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Female_face%2C_ivory_carving%2C_Doln%C3%AD_V%C4%9Bstonice%2C_Gravettian%2C_28_000_-_22_000_BP.jpg/228px-Female_face%2C_ivory_carving%2C_Doln%C3%AD_V%C4%9Bstonice%2C_Gravettian%2C_28_000_-_22_000_BP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Female_face%2C_ivory_carving%2C_Doln%C3%AD_V%C4%9Bstonice%2C_Gravettian%2C_28_000_-_22_000_BP.jpg/304px-Female_face%2C_ivory_carving%2C_Doln%C3%AD_V%C4%9Bstonice%2C_Gravettian%2C_28_000_-_22_000_BP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1127" data-file-height="1634" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:220px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Venus_of_Willendorf_frontview_retouched_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Venus_of_Willendorf_frontview_retouched_2.jpg/134px-Venus_of_Willendorf_frontview_retouched_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Venus_of_Willendorf_frontview_retouched_2.jpg/201px-Venus_of_Willendorf_frontview_retouched_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Venus_of_Willendorf_frontview_retouched_2.jpg/268px-Venus_of_Willendorf_frontview_retouched_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="2220" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Engraving_on_a_mammoth_tusk,_map,_Gravettian_(detail).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Engraving_on_a_mammoth_tusk%2C_map%2C_Gravettian_%28detail%29.jpg/290px-Engraving_on_a_mammoth_tusk%2C_map%2C_Gravettian_%28detail%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Engraving_on_a_mammoth_tusk%2C_map%2C_Gravettian_%28detail%29.jpg/435px-Engraving_on_a_mammoth_tusk%2C_map%2C_Gravettian_%28detail%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Engraving_on_a_mammoth_tusk%2C_map%2C_Gravettian_%28detail%29.jpg/580px-Engraving_on_a_mammoth_tusk%2C_map%2C_Gravettian_%28detail%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3212" data-file-height="973" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:181px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Main_Gravettian_sites.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Main_Gravettian_sites.jpg/290px-Main_Gravettian_sites.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Main_Gravettian_sites.jpg/435px-Main_Gravettian_sites.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Main_Gravettian_sites.jpg/580px-Main_Gravettian_sites.jpg 2x" data-file-width="831" data-file-height="521" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Left: Female face, ivory carving, <a href="/wiki/Doln%C3%AD_V%C4%9Bstonice_(archaeological_site)" title="Dolní Věstonice (archaeological site)">Dolní Věstonice</a>, Gravettian, circa 26,000 BP. Right: <a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Willendorf" title="Venus of Willendorf">Venus of Willendorf</a>, circa 25,000 BP. Middle: Engraving on a mammoth tusk. Bottom: Main Gravettian sites</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Geographical range</th><td class="infobox-data">Europe</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Period</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic" title="Upper Paleolithic">Upper Paleolithic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dates</th><td class="infobox-data">33,000<sup id="cite_ref-Jacobi2009_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jacobi2009-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to 21,000 <a href="/wiki/Before_Present" title="Before Present">BP</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Template:Is_this_date_calibrated%3F" title="Template:Is this date calibrated?"><span title="Uncalibrated radiocarbon dates can appear 4000 years younger than if they were calibrated. Please clarify whether this date is calibrated or not. (August 2018)">is this date calibrated?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Note_a_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Note_a-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Type_site" title="Type site">Type site</a></th><td class="infobox-data">La Gravette</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major sites</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dordogne" title="Dordogne">Dordogne</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Characteristics</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines" class="mw-redirect" title="Venus figurines">Venus figurines</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aurignacian" title="Aurignacian">Aurignacian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Followed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Solutrean" title="Solutrean">Solutrean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epigravettian" title="Epigravettian">Epigravettian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Defined by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Garrod" title="Dorothy Garrod">Dorothy Garrod</a>, 1938<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Gravettian</b> was an <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeological industry">archaeological industry</a> of the European <a href="/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic" title="Upper Paleolithic">Upper Paleolithic</a> that succeeded the <a href="/wiki/Aurignacian" title="Aurignacian">Aurignacian</a> circa 33,000 years <a href="/wiki/Before_Present" title="Before Present">BP</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jacobi2009_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jacobi2009-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is archaeologically the last European culture many consider unified,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had mostly disappeared by <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 22,000 BP, close to the <a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Maximum" title="Last Glacial Maximum">Last Glacial Maximum</a>, although some elements lasted until <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 17,000 BP.<sup id="cite_ref-Pesesse_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pesesse-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Spain and France, it was succeeded by the <a href="/wiki/Solutrean" title="Solutrean">Solutrean</a> and by the <a href="/wiki/Epigravettian" title="Epigravettian">Epigravettian</a> in Italy, the Balkans, Ukraine<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Gravettian culture is known for their artistic works including the famous <a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines" class="mw-redirect" title="Venus figurines">Venus figurines</a>, which were typically carved from either <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a> or <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>. The culture was first identified at the site of La Gravette in the southwestern French department of <a href="/wiki/Dordogne" title="Dordogne">Dordogne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kipfer_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kipfer-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While historically assumed to represent a genetically homogenous group, recent analysis of ancient DNA sequences suggests that the Gravettian was produced by multiple genetically divergent groups of hunter-gatherers. Eastern Gravettian-producing groups belong to the <a href="/wiki/Vestonice_cluster" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestonice cluster">Věstonice cluster</a>, while western Gravettian-producing groups belong to the Fournol cluster, both of which have genetic continuity from producers of the earlier Aurignacian. Fournol cluster-related groups are thought to be the ancestors of the producers of the following Solutrean and <a href="/wiki/Magdalenian" title="Magdalenian">Magdalenian</a> cultures present in Western Europe after the Last Glacial Maximum, while the producers of the Epigravettian are genetically distinct from Gravettian-producing groups.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gravettian_culture">Gravettian culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravettian&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Gravettian culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moravianska_venusa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Moravianska_venusa.jpg/150px-Moravianska_venusa.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Moravianska_venusa.jpg/225px-Moravianska_venusa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Moravianska_venusa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Moravany" title="Venus of Moravany">Venus of Moravany</a>, made of mammoth tusk ivory</figcaption></figure> <p>The Gravettians were hunter-gatherers who lived in a bitterly cold period of European prehistory, and the Gravettian lifestyle was shaped by the climate. Pleniglacial environmental changes forced them to adapt. West and Central Europe were extremely cold during this period. Archaeologists usually describe two regional variants: the western Gravettian, known mainly from cave sites in France, Spain and Britain, and the eastern Gravettian in Central Europe and Russia. The eastern Gravettians, which include the <a href="/wiki/Pavlovian_culture" title="Pavlovian culture">Pavlovian culture</a>, were specialized <a href="/wiki/Mammoth" title="Mammoth">mammoth</a> hunters,<sup id="cite_ref-Kipfer_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kipfer-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose remains are usually found not in caves but in open air sites. </p><p>Gravettian culture thrived on their ability to hunt animals. They utilized a variety of tools and hunting strategies. Compared to theorized hunting techniques of <a href="/wiki/Neanderthals" class="mw-redirect" title="Neanderthals">Neanderthals</a> and earlier human groups, Gravettian hunting culture appears much more mobile and complex. They lived in caves or semi-subterranean or rounded dwellings which were typically arranged in small "villages". Gravettians are thought to have been innovative in the development of tools such as blunted-back knives, tanged arrowheads and <a href="/wiki/Boomerang" title="Boomerang">boomerangs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kipfer_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kipfer-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other innovations include the use of woven nets and <a href="/wiki/Oil_lamp" title="Oil lamp">oil lamps</a> made of stone.<sup id="cite_ref-bains_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bains-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blades and bladelets were used to make decorations and bone tools from animal remains. </p><p>Gravettian culture extends across a large geographic region, as far as <a href="/wiki/Estremadura_Province_(historical)" title="Estremadura Province (historical)">Estremadura</a> in Portugal.<sup id="cite_ref-Marks_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marks-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but is relatively homogeneous until about 27,000 BP.<sup id="cite_ref-De_Laet_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-De_Laet-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They developed burial rites,<sup id="cite_ref-bains_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bains-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which included simple, purpose-built <a href="/wiki/Grave_goods" title="Grave goods">offerings</a> and/or personal ornaments owned by the deceased, placed within the grave or tomb.<sup id="cite_ref-Renfrew_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Renfrew-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Surviving Gravettian art includes numerous cave paintings and small, portable <a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines" class="mw-redirect" title="Venus figurines">Venus figurines</a> made from clay or ivory, as well as jewelry objects. The fertility deities mostly date from the early period; there are over 100 known surviving examples. They conform to a very specific physical type, with large breasts, broad hips and prominent posteriors. The statuettes tend to lack facial details, and their limbs are often broken off.<sup id="cite_ref-De_Laet_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-De_Laet-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the post glacial period, evidence of the culture begins to disappear from northern Europe but was continued in areas around the Mediterranean.<sup id="cite_ref-De_Laet_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-De_Laet-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Mal%27ta_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Mal'ta Culture">Mal'ta Culture</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 24,000 BP</span>) in <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> is often considered as belonging to the Gravettian,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> due to its similar characteristics, particularly its <a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines_of_Mal%27ta" title="Venus figurines of Mal'ta">Venus figurines</a>, but any hypothetical connection would have to be cultural and not genetic: a 2016 genomic study showed that the Mal'ta people have no genetic connections with the people of the European Gravettian culture (the <a href="/wiki/Vestonice_Cluster" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestonice Cluster">Vestonice Cluster</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diet">Diet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravettian&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Diet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Venus_of_Brassempouy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Venus_of_Brassempouy.jpg/220px-Venus_of_Brassempouy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Venus_of_Brassempouy.jpg/330px-Venus_of_Brassempouy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Venus_of_Brassempouy.jpg/440px-Venus_of_Brassempouy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="589" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Brassempouy" title="Venus of Brassempouy">Lady of Brassempouy</a> from the Western Gravettian</figcaption></figure> <p>Animals were a primary food source for humans of the Gravettian period.<sup id="cite_ref-Schulting_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schulting-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since Europe was extremely cold during this period, they preferred food sources high in energy and fat content. Testing comparisons among various human remains reveal that populations at higher latitudes placed greater dietary emphasis on meat. A defining trait distinguishing Gravettian people was their ease of mobility compared to their Neanderthal counterparts. Modern humans developed the technology and social organization that enabled them to migrate with their food source whereas Neanderthals were not adept at travelling, even with relatively sedentary herds.<sup id="cite_ref-Holden_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holden-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With their ability to move with the herds, Gravettian diets incorporated a broad variety of animal prey. Gravettian diet included larger animals such as mammoths, hyenas, wolves, and reindeer killed with stone or bone tools, as well as <a href="/wiki/Hare" title="Hare">hares</a> and foxes captured with nets.<sup id="cite_ref-Net_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Net-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This time period is classified by the strong emphasis on meat consumption because agriculture had not been fully introduced nor utilized. In addition, the climate was not favorable to stable crop cultivation.<sup id="cite_ref-Schulting_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schulting-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seafood accounted for a significant portion of coastal Gravettians' diet. From remains found in Italy and <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isotope_analysis" title="Isotope analysis">isotope analysis</a> reveals that 20–30% of Gravettian diets of coastal peoples consisted of sea animals.<sup id="cite_ref-Pettit_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pettit-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Isotope_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Isotope-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Populations of lower latitudes relied more on shellfish and fish while higher latitudes' diets consisted of seals.<sup id="cite_ref-Isotope_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Isotope-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_type">Physical type</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravettian&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Physical type"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunghir-tumba_paleol%C3%ADtica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Sunghir-tumba_paleol%C3%ADtica.jpg/220px-Sunghir-tumba_paleol%C3%ADtica.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Sunghir-tumba_paleol%C3%ADtica.jpg/330px-Sunghir-tumba_paleol%C3%ADtica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Sunghir-tumba_paleol%C3%ADtica.jpg/440px-Sunghir-tumba_paleol%C3%ADtica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="589" /></a><figcaption>Burial with jewellery at <a href="/wiki/Sungir" title="Sungir">Sungir</a>, Russia, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 30,000 BC</span></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunghir_man,_forensic_reconstruction_by_M.M._Gerasimov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Sunghir_man%2C_forensic_reconstruction_by_M.M._Gerasimov.jpg/145px-Sunghir_man%2C_forensic_reconstruction_by_M.M._Gerasimov.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Sunghir_man%2C_forensic_reconstruction_by_M.M._Gerasimov.jpg/217px-Sunghir_man%2C_forensic_reconstruction_by_M.M._Gerasimov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Sunghir_man%2C_forensic_reconstruction_by_M.M._Gerasimov.jpg/289px-Sunghir_man%2C_forensic_reconstruction_by_M.M._Gerasimov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="827" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Sunghir man, forensic reconstruction by <a href="/wiki/M.M._Gerasimov" class="mw-redirect" title="M.M. Gerasimov">M.M. Gerasimov</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Physical remains of people of the Gravettian have revealed that they were tall and relatively slender people. The male height of the Gravettian culture ranged between 179 and 188 centimetres (5 ft 10 in and 6 ft 2 in) tall with an average of 183.5 centimetres (6 ft 0.2 in), which is exceptionally tall not only for that period of prehistory, but for all periods of history.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They were fairly slender and normally weighed between 67–73 kilograms (148–161 lb), although they would likely have had a higher ratio of lean muscle mass compared to body fat in comparison to modern humans as a result of a very physically active and demanding lifestyle. The females of the Gravettian were much shorter, standing 158 centimetres (5 ft 2 in) on average, with an average weight of 54 kilograms (119 lb). Examinations of Gravettian skulls reveal that high cheekbones were common among them.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hunting">Hunting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravettian&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hunting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NHM_-_Elfenbeinperlen_Grub_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/NHM_-_Elfenbeinperlen_Grub_1.jpg/193px-NHM_-_Elfenbeinperlen_Grub_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="193" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/NHM_-_Elfenbeinperlen_Grub_1.jpg/290px-NHM_-_Elfenbeinperlen_Grub_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/NHM_-_Elfenbeinperlen_Grub_1.jpg/386px-NHM_-_Elfenbeinperlen_Grub_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3030" data-file-height="2856" /></a><figcaption>Reconstruction of clothing and bone ornaments.</figcaption></figure> <p>Clubs, stones and sticks were the primary hunting tools during the Upper Paleolithic period. Bone, antler and ivory points have all been found at sites in France; but proper stone arrowheads and throwing spears did not appear until the <a href="/wiki/Solutrean" title="Solutrean">Solutrean</a> period (~20,000 <a href="/wiki/Before_Present" title="Before Present">Before Present</a>). Due to the primitive tools, many animals were hunted at close range.<sup id="cite_ref-Straus_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Straus-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The typical artefact of Gravettian industry, once considered diagnostic, is the small pointed <a href="/wiki/Blade_(archaeology)" title="Blade (archaeology)">blade</a> with a straight blunt back. They are today known as the Gravette point,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and were used to hunt big game. Gravettians used nets to hunt small game, and are credited with inventing the <a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">bow and arrow</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kipfer_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kipfer-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="source unavailable and obsolete, earliest known bows are the Holmegaard Bows, and other archery evidence dates much earlier than the Gravettian (November 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Gravettian settlers tended towards the valleys that pooled migrating prey.<sup id="cite_ref-Straus_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Straus-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples found through discoveries in Gr. La Gala, a site in Southern <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, show a strategic settlement based in a small valley.<sup id="cite_ref-Mussi_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mussi-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the settlers became more aware of the migration patterns of animals like <a href="/wiki/Red_deer" title="Red deer">red deer</a>, they learned to prey herd in valleys, thereby allowing the hunters to avoid travelling long distances for food. Specifically in Gr. La Gala, the glacial topography forced the deer to pass through the areas in the valley occupied by humans.<sup id="cite_ref-Mussi_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mussi-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additional evidence of strategically positioned settlements include sites like <a href="/wiki/Kleidi_Cave" title="Kleidi Cave">Klithi</a> in Greece, also placed to intercept migrating prey.<sup id="cite_ref-Bogucki_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bogucki-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Discoveries in the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> suggest that nets were used to capture large numbers of smaller prey, offering a quick and consistent food supply and thus an alternative to the feast/famine pattern of large game hunters. Evidence comes in the form of 4 mm (0.16 in) thick rope preserved on clay imprints.<sup id="cite_ref-Net_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Net-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research suggests that although no larger net imprints have been discovered, there would be little reason for them not to be made as no further knowledge would be required for their creation.<sup id="cite_ref-Net_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Net-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The weaving of nets was likely a communal task, relying on the work of both women and children.<sup id="cite_ref-Net_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Net-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_of_animal_remains">Use of animal remains</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravettian&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Use of animal remains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decorations_and_tools">Decorations and tools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravettian&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Decorations and tools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Wikimedia_France_-_PRE.2009.0.250.1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Flickr_-_Wikimedia_France_-_PRE.2009.0.250.1.jpg/184px-Flickr_-_Wikimedia_France_-_PRE.2009.0.250.1.jpg" decoding="async" width="184" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Flickr_-_Wikimedia_France_-_PRE.2009.0.250.1.jpg/276px-Flickr_-_Wikimedia_France_-_PRE.2009.0.250.1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Flickr_-_Wikimedia_France_-_PRE.2009.0.250.1.jpg/368px-Flickr_-_Wikimedia_France_-_PRE.2009.0.250.1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5566" data-file-height="5566" /></a><figcaption>Marks on animal ivory or horn.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Gravettian era landscape is most closely related to the landscape of present-day Moravia. Pavlov I in southern <a href="/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia">Moravia</a> is the most complete and complex Gravettian site to date, and a perfect model for a general understanding of Gravettian culture. In many instances, animal remains indicate both decorative and utilitarian purposes. In the case of, for example, <a href="/wiki/Arctic_fox" title="Arctic fox">Arctic foxes</a>, incisors and <a href="/wiki/Canine_tooth" title="Canine tooth">canines</a> were used for decoration, while their humeri and radii bones were used as tools. Similarly, the skeletons of some red foxes contain decorative incisors and canines as well as <a href="/wiki/Ulna" title="Ulna">ulnas</a> used for <a href="/wiki/Stitching_awl" title="Stitching awl">awls</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fish_hook" title="Fish hook">barbs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bones_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bones-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some animal bones were only used to create tools. Due to their shape, the ribs, fibulas, and metapodia of horses were good for awl and barb creation. In addition, the ribs were also implemented to create different types of smoothers for pelt preparation. The shapes of hare bones are also unique, and as a result, the ulnas were commonly used as awls and barbs. <a href="/wiki/Reindeer" title="Reindeer">Reindeer</a> antlers, <a href="/wiki/Ulna" title="Ulna">ulnas</a>, ribs, tibias and teeth were utilised in addition to a rare documented case of a <a href="/wiki/Phalanx_bones" class="mw-redirect" title="Phalanx bones">phalanx</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bones_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bones-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mammoth remnants are among the most common bone remnants of the culture, while long bones and <a href="/wiki/Molars" class="mw-redirect" title="Molars">molars</a> are also documented. Some mammoth bones were used for decorative purposes. Wolf remains were often used for tool production and decoration.<sup id="cite_ref-Bones_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bones-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetics">Genetics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravettian&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Genetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fu et al. (2016) examined the remains of fourteen Gravettians. The eight males included three samples of Y-chromosomal <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_CT" title="Haplogroup CT">haplogroup CT</a>, one of <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_I-M170" title="Haplogroup I-M170">I</a>, one <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_IJK" title="Haplogroup IJK">IJK</a>, one <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_BT" title="Haplogroup BT">BT</a>, one <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_C-V20" title="Haplogroup C-V20">C1a2</a>, and one sample of <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_F-M89" title="Haplogroup F-M89">F</a>. Of the fourteen samples of <a href="/wiki/MtDNA" class="mw-redirect" title="MtDNA">mtDNA</a>, there were thirteen samples of <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_U_(mtDNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup U (mtDNA)">U</a> and one sample of <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_M_(mtDNA)" title="Haplogroup M (mtDNA)">M</a>. The majority of the sample of U belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_U_(mtDNA)#Haplogroup_U5" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup U (mtDNA)">U5</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_U_(mtDNA)#Haplogroup_U2" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup U (mtDNA)">U2</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFu2016_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFu2016-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Teschler et al. (2020) examined the remains of one adult male and two twin boys from a Gravettian site in Austria. All belonged to haplogroup <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_I-M170" title="Haplogroup I-M170">Y-Haplogroup I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and all had the same mtDNA, <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_U_(mtDNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup U (mtDNA)">U5</a>. According to Scorrano et al. (2022), "the genome of an early European individual from <a href="/wiki/Kostyonki%E2%80%93Borshchyovo" title="Kostyonki–Borshchyovo">Kostenki 14</a>, dated to around 37,000 years ago, demonstrated that the ancestral European gene pool was already established by that time."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2023 study found that Gravettian-producing peoples belonged to two genetically distinct clusters. Fournol in the west (France and Spain) and Věstonice in the east (Czech Republic, Poland, Austria, and Italy) both of whom traced their descent from producers of the earlier Aurignacian culture. Some individuals showed mixed ancestry from both clusters where the range of the two clusters bordered. The study found that members of the western Fournol cluster were ancestral to later Western European Cro-Magnon groups that existed after the <a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Maximum" title="Last Glacial Maximum">Last Glacial Maximum</a>, the producers of the <a href="/wiki/Solutrean" title="Solutrean">Solutrean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Magdalenian" title="Magdalenian">Magdalenian</a> cultures. All Gravettian-producing peoples are strongly genetically distinct from the producers of the later <a href="/wiki/Epigravettian" title="Epigravettian">Epigravettian</a>, who are genetically referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Villabruna_cluster" class="mw-redirect" title="Villabruna cluster">Villabruna cluster</a>, who show a greater affinity to ancient and modern peoples in <a href="/wiki/West_Asia" title="West Asia">West Asia</a> than other Palaeolithic European hunter-gatherer groups. There is evidence of some genetic affinity between the Villabruna and Věstonice clusters, which may reflect shared common ancestry from the Balkans region.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravettian&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Venus-de-Laussel-vue-generale-noir.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Venus of Laussel, France, c. 23,000 BC"><img alt="Venus of Laussel, France, c. 23,000 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Venus-de-Laussel-vue-generale-noir.jpg/87px-Venus-de-Laussel-vue-generale-noir.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Venus-de-Laussel-vue-generale-noir.jpg/130px-Venus-de-Laussel-vue-generale-noir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Venus-de-Laussel-vue-generale-noir.jpg/174px-Venus-de-Laussel-vue-generale-noir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1379" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Laussel" title="Venus of Laussel">Venus of Laussel</a>, France, c. 23,000 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Male_figurine,_mammoth_ivory,_Anthropos,_Brno,_187999.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Male figurine, mammoth ivory, Anthropos, Brno"><img alt="Male figurine, mammoth ivory, Anthropos, Brno" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Male_figurine%2C_mammoth_ivory%2C_Anthropos%2C_Brno%2C_187999.jpg/80px-Male_figurine%2C_mammoth_ivory%2C_Anthropos%2C_Brno%2C_187999.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Male_figurine%2C_mammoth_ivory%2C_Anthropos%2C_Brno%2C_187999.jpg/120px-Male_figurine%2C_mammoth_ivory%2C_Anthropos%2C_Brno%2C_187999.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Male_figurine%2C_mammoth_ivory%2C_Anthropos%2C_Brno%2C_187999.jpg/160px-Male_figurine%2C_mammoth_ivory%2C_Anthropos%2C_Brno%2C_187999.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3425" data-file-height="5137" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Male figurine, mammoth ivory, Anthropos, Brno</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:V%C3%A9nus_de_Lespugue_Gravettien_Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27Homme_04022018_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Venus of Lespugue"><img alt="Venus of Lespugue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/V%C3%A9nus_de_Lespugue_Gravettien_Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27Homme_04022018_3.jpg/70px-V%C3%A9nus_de_Lespugue_Gravettien_Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27Homme_04022018_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/V%C3%A9nus_de_Lespugue_Gravettien_Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27Homme_04022018_3.jpg/106px-V%C3%A9nus_de_Lespugue_Gravettien_Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27Homme_04022018_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/V%C3%A9nus_de_Lespugue_Gravettien_Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27Homme_04022018_3.jpg/141px-V%C3%A9nus_de_Lespugue_Gravettien_Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27Homme_04022018_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2004" data-file-height="3402" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Lespugue" title="Venus of Lespugue">Venus of Lespugue</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vestonicka_venuse_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Venus of Dolní Věstonice"><img alt="Venus of Dolní Věstonice" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Vestonicka_venuse_edit.jpg/61px-Vestonicka_venuse_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="61" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Vestonicka_venuse_edit.jpg/92px-Vestonicka_venuse_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Vestonicka_venuse_edit.jpg/123px-Vestonicka_venuse_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="1992" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Doln%C3%AD_V%C4%9Bstonice" title="Venus of Dolní Věstonice">Venus of Dolní Věstonice</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Female_figurines,_Gravettian,_Anthropos,_Brno,_187957.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Female figurines, Gravettian, Anthropos, Brno"><img alt="Female figurines, Gravettian, Anthropos, Brno" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Female_figurines%2C_Gravettian%2C_Anthropos%2C_Brno%2C_187957.jpg/120px-Female_figurines%2C_Gravettian%2C_Anthropos%2C_Brno%2C_187957.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Female_figurines%2C_Gravettian%2C_Anthropos%2C_Brno%2C_187957.jpg/180px-Female_figurines%2C_Gravettian%2C_Anthropos%2C_Brno%2C_187957.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Female_figurines%2C_Gravettian%2C_Anthropos%2C_Brno%2C_187957.jpg/240px-Female_figurines%2C_Gravettian%2C_Anthropos%2C_Brno%2C_187957.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5334" data-file-height="3556" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Female figurines, Gravettian, Anthropos, Brno</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Upper_Paleolithic_art,_relief_of_mammoth,_Anthropos,_Brno,_187943.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Upper Paleolithic art, relief of mammoth, Anthropos, Brno"><img alt="Upper Paleolithic art, relief of mammoth, Anthropos, Brno" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Upper_Paleolithic_art%2C_relief_of_mammoth%2C_Anthropos%2C_Brno%2C_187943.jpg/120px-Upper_Paleolithic_art%2C_relief_of_mammoth%2C_Anthropos%2C_Brno%2C_187943.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Upper_Paleolithic_art%2C_relief_of_mammoth%2C_Anthropos%2C_Brno%2C_187943.jpg/180px-Upper_Paleolithic_art%2C_relief_of_mammoth%2C_Anthropos%2C_Brno%2C_187943.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Upper_Paleolithic_art%2C_relief_of_mammoth%2C_Anthropos%2C_Brno%2C_187943.jpg/240px-Upper_Paleolithic_art%2C_relief_of_mammoth%2C_Anthropos%2C_Brno%2C_187943.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5127" data-file-height="3418" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Upper Paleolithic art, relief of mammoth, Anthropos, Brno</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:URMU_Blaubeuren_Frauenstatuetten_Gravettien.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Various Gravettian statuettes"><img alt="Various Gravettian statuettes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/URMU_Blaubeuren_Frauenstatuetten_Gravettien.jpg/120px-URMU_Blaubeuren_Frauenstatuetten_Gravettien.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/URMU_Blaubeuren_Frauenstatuetten_Gravettien.jpg/180px-URMU_Blaubeuren_Frauenstatuetten_Gravettien.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/URMU_Blaubeuren_Frauenstatuetten_Gravettien.jpg/240px-URMU_Blaubeuren_Frauenstatuetten_Gravettien.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Various Gravettian statuettes</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shaman_equipment,_Brno,_Gravettian,_076836.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shaman equipment, Brno, Gravettian"><img alt="Shaman equipment, Brno, Gravettian" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Shaman_equipment%2C_Brno%2C_Gravettian%2C_076836.jpg/120px-Shaman_equipment%2C_Brno%2C_Gravettian%2C_076836.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Shaman_equipment%2C_Brno%2C_Gravettian%2C_076836.jpg/180px-Shaman_equipment%2C_Brno%2C_Gravettian%2C_076836.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Shaman_equipment%2C_Brno%2C_Gravettian%2C_076836.jpg/240px-Shaman_equipment%2C_Brno%2C_Gravettian%2C_076836.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3471" data-file-height="2311" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shaman equipment, Brno, Gravettian</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abri_du_Poisson_Cave_-_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fish in Abri du Poisson Cave"><img alt="Fish in Abri du Poisson Cave" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Abri_du_Poisson_Cave_-_1.jpg/120px-Abri_du_Poisson_Cave_-_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Abri_du_Poisson_Cave_-_1.jpg/180px-Abri_du_Poisson_Cave_-_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Abri_du_Poisson_Cave_-_1.jpg/240px-Abri_du_Poisson_Cave_-_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1637" data-file-height="1224" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fish in <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abri_du_Poisson" class="extiw" title="fr:Abri du Poisson">Abri du Poisson</a> Cave</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Engraving_on_a_mammoth_tusk,_map,_Gravettian,_076872.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Engraving on a mammoth tusk, map"><img alt="Engraving on a mammoth tusk, map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Engraving_on_a_mammoth_tusk%2C_map%2C_Gravettian%2C_076872.jpg/120px-Engraving_on_a_mammoth_tusk%2C_map%2C_Gravettian%2C_076872.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Engraving_on_a_mammoth_tusk%2C_map%2C_Gravettian%2C_076872.jpg/180px-Engraving_on_a_mammoth_tusk%2C_map%2C_Gravettian%2C_076872.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Engraving_on_a_mammoth_tusk%2C_map%2C_Gravettian%2C_076872.jpg/240px-Engraving_on_a_mammoth_tusk%2C_map%2C_Gravettian%2C_076872.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3390" data-file-height="2252" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Engraving on a mammoth tusk, map</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Engraving_on_a_mammoth_tusk,_map,_Gravettian,_076872y.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Engraving on a mammoth tusk, map"><img alt="Engraving on a mammoth tusk, map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Engraving_on_a_mammoth_tusk%2C_map%2C_Gravettian%2C_076872y.jpg/120px-Engraving_on_a_mammoth_tusk%2C_map%2C_Gravettian%2C_076872y.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Engraving_on_a_mammoth_tusk%2C_map%2C_Gravettian%2C_076872y.jpg/180px-Engraving_on_a_mammoth_tusk%2C_map%2C_Gravettian%2C_076872y.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Engraving_on_a_mammoth_tusk%2C_map%2C_Gravettian%2C_076872y.jpg/240px-Engraving_on_a_mammoth_tusk%2C_map%2C_Gravettian%2C_076872y.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1485" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Engraving on a mammoth tusk, map</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brillenhoehle_Blaubeuren_Schmuckanhaenger_Tafel17.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gravettian necklace"><img alt="Gravettian necklace" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Brillenhoehle_Blaubeuren_Schmuckanhaenger_Tafel17.jpg/120px-Brillenhoehle_Blaubeuren_Schmuckanhaenger_Tafel17.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Brillenhoehle_Blaubeuren_Schmuckanhaenger_Tafel17.jpg/180px-Brillenhoehle_Blaubeuren_Schmuckanhaenger_Tafel17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Brillenhoehle_Blaubeuren_Schmuckanhaenger_Tafel17.jpg/240px-Brillenhoehle_Blaubeuren_Schmuckanhaenger_Tafel17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gravettian necklace</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gravettian_engraving_(Venus_of_P%C5%99edmost%C3%AD).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gravettian engraving (Venus of Předmostí)"><img alt="Gravettian engraving (Venus of Předmostí)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Gravettian_engraving_%28Venus_of_P%C5%99edmost%C3%AD%29.jpg/120px-Gravettian_engraving_%28Venus_of_P%C5%99edmost%C3%AD%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Gravettian_engraving_%28Venus_of_P%C5%99edmost%C3%AD%29.jpg/180px-Gravettian_engraving_%28Venus_of_P%C5%99edmost%C3%AD%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Gravettian_engraving_%28Venus_of_P%C5%99edmost%C3%AD%29.jpg/240px-Gravettian_engraving_%28Venus_of_P%C5%99edmost%C3%AD%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2380" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gravettian engraving (Venus of Předmostí)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Venus_4_from_Kostenki_RU_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Venus figurine from Kostenki"><img alt="Venus figurine from Kostenki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Venus_4_from_Kostenki_RU_front.jpg/67px-Venus_4_from_Kostenki_RU_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Venus_4_from_Kostenki_RU_front.jpg/101px-Venus_4_from_Kostenki_RU_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Venus_4_from_Kostenki_RU_front.jpg/135px-Venus_4_from_Kostenki_RU_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1899" data-file-height="3376" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Venus figurine from Kostenki</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Venus_de_Lespugue_(replica).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Replica of the Venus of Lespugue"><img alt="Replica of the Venus of Lespugue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Venus_de_Lespugue_%28replica%29.jpg/120px-Venus_de_Lespugue_%28replica%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Venus_de_Lespugue_%28replica%29.jpg/180px-Venus_de_Lespugue_%28replica%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Venus_de_Lespugue_%28replica%29.jpg/240px-Venus_de_Lespugue_%28replica%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Replica of the <a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Lespugue" title="Venus of Lespugue">Venus of Lespugue</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reconstruction_of_the_Lady_of_Brassempouy_by_Libor_Bal%C3%A1k,_Czech_Academy_of_Sciences,_the_Institute_of_Archaeology_in_Brno,_The_Center_for_Paleolithic_and_Paleoethnological_Research.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reconstruction of the Lady of Brassempouy by Libor Balák"><img alt="Reconstruction of the Lady of Brassempouy by Libor Balák" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Reconstruction_of_the_Lady_of_Brassempouy_by_Libor_Bal%C3%A1k%2C_Czech_Academy_of_Sciences%2C_the_Institute_of_Archaeology_in_Brno%2C_The_Center_for_Paleolithic_and_Paleoethnological_Research.jpg/120px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Reconstruction_of_the_Lady_of_Brassempouy_by_Libor_Bal%C3%A1k%2C_Czech_Academy_of_Sciences%2C_the_Institute_of_Archaeology_in_Brno%2C_The_Center_for_Paleolithic_and_Paleoethnological_Research.jpg/180px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Reconstruction_of_the_Lady_of_Brassempouy_by_Libor_Bal%C3%A1k%2C_Czech_Academy_of_Sciences%2C_the_Institute_of_Archaeology_in_Brno%2C_The_Center_for_Paleolithic_and_Paleoethnological_Research.jpg/240px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="343" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Reconstruction of the <a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Brassempouy" title="Venus of Brassempouy">Lady of Brassempouy</a> by Libor Balák</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravettian&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Aurignacian" title="Aurignacian">Aurignacian</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Gravettian </b><br />33,000–24,000 cal BP </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Solutrean" title="Solutrean">Solutrean</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-kartographer-container thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 400px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme" style="width: 400px; height: 300px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="400" data-height="300" data-zoom="3" data-lat="50" data-lon="15" data-overlays="["_1d8d3ab2b25756cb55eea00e5f7aa6fff35c4296"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/3/50/15/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,3,50,15,400x300.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Gravettian&revid=1275906191&groups=_1d8d3ab2b25756cb55eea00e5f7aa6fff35c4296" width="400" height="300" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,3,50,15,400x300@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Gravettian&revid=1275906191&groups=_1d8d3ab2b25756cb55eea00e5f7aa6fff35c4296 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="thumbcaption">Selected Gravettian sites from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.roceeh.uni-tuebingen.de/roadweb">ROAD database</a> (CC BY-SA 4.0 ROCEEH)</div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">The <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> ↑ <a href="/wiki/Pliocene" title="Pliocene">Pliocene</a> (<a href="/wiki/Human_taxonomy#Hominina" title="Human taxonomy">before <i>Homo</i></a>)</td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Paleolithic" title="Lower Paleolithic">Lower Paleolithic</a><br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 3.3</span> <a href="/wiki/Year#Abbreviations_yr_and_ya" title="Year">Ma</a> – 300 <a href="/wiki/Year#Abbreviations_yr_and_ya" title="Year">ka</a>)</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lomekwi" title="Lomekwi">Lomekwi</a> (3.3 Ma)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldowan" title="Oldowan">Oldowan</a> (2.6–1.7 Ma)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acheulean" title="Acheulean">Acheulean</a> (1.76–0.13 Ma) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madrasian_culture" title="Madrasian culture">Madrasian</a> (1.5 Ma)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soanian" title="Soanian">Soanian</a> (500–130 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clactonian" title="Clactonian">Clactonian</a> (424–400 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acheulo-Yabrudian_complex" title="Acheulo-Yabrudian complex">Mugharan</a> (400–220 ka)</li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Paleolithic" title="Middle Paleolithic">Middle Paleolithic</a><br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 300–50 <a href="/wiki/Year#Abbreviations_yr_and_ya" title="Year">ka</a>)</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mousterian" title="Mousterian">Mousterian</a> (160–40 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aterian" title="Aterian">Aterian</a> (145–20 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micoquien" title="Micoquien">Micoquien</a> (130–70 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangoan" title="Sangoan">Sangoan</a> (130–10 ka)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic" title="Upper Paleolithic">Upper Paleolithic</a><br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 50–12 <a href="/wiki/Year#Abbreviations_yr_and_ya" title="Year">ka</a>)</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Initial_Upper_Paleolithic" title="Initial Upper Paleolithic">Initial Upper Paleolithic</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Fertile_Crescent" title="Fertile Crescent">Fertile Crescent</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emiran" title="Emiran">Emiran</a> (50–40 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmarian" title="Ahmarian">Ahmarian</a> (46–42 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baradostian_culture" title="Baradostian culture">Baradostian</a> (36–18 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_Aurignacian" title="Levantine Aurignacian">Aurignacian</a> (35–29 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarzian_culture" title="Zarzian culture">Zarzian</a> (20–10 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Kebaran">Kebaran</a> (18–12.5 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trialetian_Mesolithic" title="Trialetian Mesolithic">Trialetian</a> (16–8 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natufian_culture" title="Natufian culture">Natufian</a> (14.5–11.5 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khiamian" class="mw-redirect" title="Khiamian">Khiamian</a> (12.2–10.8 ka)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_Europe#Upper_Paleolithic_:_50,000–10,000_BP" title="Paleolithic Europe">Europe</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bohunician" title="Bohunician">Bohunician</a> (48–40 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2telperronian" title="Châtelperronian">Châtelperronian</a> (44.5–36 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician" title="Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician">Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician</a> (43–32 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurignacian" title="Aurignacian">Aurignacian</a> (43–26 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szeletian" title="Szeletian">Szeletian</a> (41,000-37,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rigordian" title="Périgordian">Périgordian</a> (35–20 ka)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gravettian</a> (33–24 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlovian_culture" title="Pavlovian culture">Pavlovian</a> (29–25 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solutrean" title="Solutrean">Solutrean</a> (22–17 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigravettian" title="Epigravettian">Epigravettian</a> (20–10 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalenian" title="Magdalenian">Magdalenian</a> (17–12 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_culture" title="Hamburg culture">Hamburg</a> (15.5–13.1 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federmesser_culture" title="Federmesser culture">Federmesser</a> (14–12.8 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azilian" title="Azilian">Azilian</a> (14–10 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahrensburg_culture" title="Ahrensburg culture">Ahrensburg</a> (13–12 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiderian_culture" title="Swiderian culture">Swiderian</a> (11–8 ka)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/History_of_Africa#Paleolithic" title="History of Africa">Africa</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khormusan" title="Khormusan">Khormusan</a> (42–18 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberomaurusian" title="Iberomaurusian">Iberomaurusian</a> (25–11 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushabian_culture" title="Mushabian culture">Mushabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfan_culture" title="Halfan culture">Halfan</a> (22–14 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadan_culture" title="Qadan culture">Qadan</a> (15—11 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebilian" title="Sebilian">Sebilian</a> (15–11 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eburran_industry" title="Eburran industry">Eburran</a> (15–5 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magosian" title="Magosian">Magosian</a> (10–8 ka)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Siberia" title="Prehistory of Siberia">Siberia</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mal%27ta%E2%80%93Buret%27_culture" title="Mal'ta–Buret' culture">Mal'ta–Buret'</a> (24–15 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afontova_Gora" title="Afontova Gora">Afontova Gora</a> (21–12 ka}</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#efefef;"> ↓ <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Paleolithic" title="Template:Paleolithic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Paleolithic" title="Template talk:Paleolithic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Paleolithic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Paleolithic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Upper_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Upper Paleolithic">Art of the Upper Paleolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurignacian" title="Aurignacian">Aurignacian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_Children_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth's Children series">Earth's Children series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigravettian" title="Epigravettian">Epigravettian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_I-M170" title="Haplogroup I-M170">Haplogroup I-M170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Maximum" title="Last Glacial Maximum">Last Glacial Maximum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Stone_Age_art" title="List of Stone Age art">List of Stone Age art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perigordian" class="mw-redirect" title="Perigordian">Perigordian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solutrean" title="Solutrean">Solutrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic" title="Upper Paleolithic">Upper Paleolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines" class="mw-redirect" title="Venus figurines">Venus figurines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayac" title="Bayac">Bayac</a>, Dordogne commune closest to the type-site of La Gravette</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravettian&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Note"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Note_a-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Note_a_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The transition to the <a href="/wiki/Epigravettian" title="Epigravettian">Epigravettian</a> is not well-defined, and the Gravettian may be extended down to 17,000 years ago with the most inclusive definition, based on anything that may be considered Gravettian (burials, venus statues, lithics)<sup id="cite_ref-Pesesse_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pesesse-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravettian&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Jacobi2009-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jacobi2009_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jacobi2009_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJacobiHighamHaesaertsJadin2015" class="citation journal cs1">Jacobi, R.M.; Higham, T.F.G.; Haesaerts, P.; Jadin, I.; Basell, L.S. (2015). "Radiocarbon chronology for the Early Gravettian of northern Europe: New AMS determinations for Maisières-Canal, Belgium". <i>Antiquity</i>. <b>84</b> (323): <span class="nowrap">26–</span>40. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003598X00099749">10.1017/S0003598X00099749</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163089681">163089681</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiquity&rft.atitle=Radiocarbon+chronology+for+the+Early+Gravettian+of+northern+Europe%3A+New+AMS+determinations+for+Maisi%C3%A8res-Canal%2C+Belgium&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=323&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E26-%3C%2Fspan%3E40&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0003598X00099749&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163089681%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Jacobi&rft.aufirst=R.M.&rft.au=Higham%2C+T.F.G.&rft.au=Haesaerts%2C+P.&rft.au=Jadin%2C+I.&rft.au=Basell%2C+L.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravettian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pesesse-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pesesse_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pesesse_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPesesse2013" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pesesse, Damien (2013). "Le Gravettien existe-t-il? Le prisme du système technique lithique" [Does the Gravettian exist? The prism of the lithic technical system]. In <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Otte" title="Marcel Otte">Marcel Otte</a> (ed.). <i>Les Gravettiens</i>. Civilisations et cultures (in French). Paris: Éditions errance. pp. <span class="nowrap">66–</span>104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2877725095" title="Special:BookSources/978-2877725095"><bdi>978-2877725095</bdi></a>. <q><i>D'ailleurs selon les auteurs et les thèmes abordés, la définition et donc les contours du Gravettien variant, parfois considérablement. Tantôt certains ensembles de la plaine russe seront intégrés sur la base des témoignages funéraires, tantôt les statuettes féminines serviront d'argument pour annexer les rives du lac Baïkal à cette supra-entité. De même, le Gravettien débuterait vers 31,000 BP ou 27,000 BP selon les régions pour finir parfois à 22,000 BP, parfois à 17,000 BP. Ce ne sont pas là de menues différences.</i> [Besides, depending on the authors and the subjects at hand, the definition and therefore the borders of the Gravettian vary, sometimes considerably. Sometimes, certain assemblages of the Russian plains are integrated on the basis of funerary customs, other times feminine statuettes are used to annex the shores of Lake Baikal to this supra-entity. Likewise, the Gravettian would start around 31,000 or 27,000 BP depending on the region and finish sometimes at 22,000 BP, sometimes at 17,000 BP. These are not small differences.]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Le+Gravettien+existe-t-il%3F+Le+prisme+du+syst%C3%A8me+technique+lithique&rft.btitle=Les+Gravettiens&rft.place=Paris&rft.series=Civilisations+et+cultures&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E66-%3C%2Fspan%3E104&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+errance&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-2877725095&rft.aulast=Pesesse&rft.aufirst=Damien&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravettian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarrod2014" class="citation journal cs1">Garrod, D. A. E. (2014). 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W. G.; Hoffmann, D. L.; Garcia-Diez, M.; Pettitt, P. B.; Alcolea, J.; De Balbin, R.; Gonzalez-Sainz, C.; De Las Heras, C.; Lasheras, J. A.; Montes, R.; Zilhao, J. (2012). "U-Series Dating of Paleolithic Art in 11 Caves in Spain". <i>Science</i>. <b>336</b> (6087): <span class="nowrap">1409–</span>13. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Sci...336.1409P">2012Sci...336.1409P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1219957">10.1126/science.1219957</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22700921">22700921</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:7807664">7807664</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=U-Series+Dating+of+Paleolithic+Art+in+11+Caves+in+Spain&rft.volume=336&rft.issue=6087&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1409-%3C%2Fspan%3E13&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1219957&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A7807664%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22700921&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012Sci...336.1409P&rft.aulast=Pike&rft.aufirst=A.+W.+G.&rft.au=Hoffmann%2C+D.+L.&rft.au=Garcia-Diez%2C+M.&rft.au=Pettitt%2C+P.+B.&rft.au=Alcolea%2C+J.&rft.au=De+Balbin%2C+R.&rft.au=Gonzalez-Sainz%2C+C.&rft.au=De+Las+Heras%2C+C.&rft.au=Lasheras%2C+J.+A.&rft.au=Montes%2C+R.&rft.au=Zilhao%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravettian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoiret2013" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Noiret, Pierre (2013). "De quoi Gravettien est-il le nom?" [Gravettian is the name of what?]. In <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Otte" title="Marcel Otte">Marcel Otte</a> (ed.). <i>Les Gravettiens</i>. Civilisations et cultures (in French). 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"Charcoal scarcity in Epigravettian settlements with mammoth bone dwellings: The taphonomic evidence from Mezhyrich (Ukraine)". <i>Journal of Archaeological Science</i>. <b>39</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">109–</span>20. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JArSc..39..109M">2012JArSc..39..109M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jas.2011.09.008">10.1016/j.jas.2011.09.008</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Archaeological+Science&rft.atitle=Charcoal+scarcity+in+Epigravettian+settlements+with+mammoth+bone+dwellings%3A+The+taphonomic+evidence+from+Mezhyrich+%28Ukraine%29&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E109-%3C%2Fspan%3E20&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jas.2011.09.008&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012JArSc..39..109M&rft.aulast=Marquer&rft.aufirst=L.&rft.au=Lebreton%2C+V.&rft.au=Otto%2C+T.&rft.au=Valladas%2C+H.&rft.au=Haesaerts%2C+P.&rft.au=Messager%2C+E.&rft.au=Nuzhnyi%2C+D.&rft.au=P%C3%A9an%2C+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravettian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGermonpréSablinKhlopachevGrigorieva2008" class="citation journal cs1">Germonpré, Mietje; Sablin, Mikhail; Khlopachev, Gennady Adolfovich; Grigorieva, Galina Vasilievna (2008). 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P. 216. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-3064-6158-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-3064-6158-3">978-0-3064-6158-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPosthYuGhalichiRougier2023" class="citation journal cs1">Posth, Cosimo; Yu, He; Ghalichi, Ayshin; Rougier, Hélène; Crevecoeur, Isabelle; Huang, Yilei; Ringbauer, Harald; Rohrlach, Adam B.; Nägele, Kathrin; Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa; Radzeviciute, Rita; Ferraz, Tiago; Stoessel, Alexander; Tukhbatova, Rezeda; Drucker, Dorothée G. (2023-03-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9977688">"Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>615</b> (7950): <span class="nowrap">117–</span>126. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023Natur.615..117P">2023Natur.615..117P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586-023-05726-0">10.1038/s41586-023-05726-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-0836">0028-0836</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9977688">9977688</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36859578">36859578</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Palaeogenomics+of+Upper+Palaeolithic+to+Neolithic+European+hunter-gatherers&rft.volume=615&rft.issue=7950&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E117-%3C%2Fspan%3E126&rft.date=2023-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9977688%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2023Natur.615..117P&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36859578&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41586-023-05726-0&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft.aulast=Posth&rft.aufirst=Cosimo&rft.au=Yu%2C+He&rft.au=Ghalichi%2C+Ayshin&rft.au=Rougier%2C+H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne&rft.au=Crevecoeur%2C+Isabelle&rft.au=Huang%2C+Yilei&rft.au=Ringbauer%2C+Harald&rft.au=Rohrlach%2C+Adam+B.&rft.au=N%C3%A4gele%2C+Kathrin&rft.au=Villalba-Mouco%2C+Vanessa&rft.au=Radzeviciute%2C+Rita&rft.au=Ferraz%2C+Tiago&rft.au=Stoessel%2C+Alexander&rft.au=Tukhbatova%2C+Rezeda&rft.au=Drucker%2C+Doroth%C3%A9e+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9977688&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravettian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bains-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bains_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bains_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bains, Gurnek. "Cultural DNA: The Psychology of Globalization". John Wiley & Sons, 2015. p. 199. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-1189-2891-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-1189-2891-2">978-1-1189-2891-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marks-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Marks_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarks,_Anthony_E.,_Bicho,_Nuno,_Zilhao,_Joao,_Ferring,_C._R.1994" class="citation journal cs1">Marks, Anthony E., Bicho, Nuno, Zilhao, Joao, Ferring, C. R. (1994). "Upper Pleistocene Prehistory in Portuguese Estremadura: Results of Preliminary Research". <i>Journal of Field Archaeology</i>. <b>21</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">53–</span>68. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F530244">10.2307/530244</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/530244">530244</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Upper+Pleistocene+Prehistory+in+Portuguese+Estremadura%3A+Results+of+Preliminary+Research&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E53-%3C%2Fspan%3E68&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F530244&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F530244%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Marks%2C+Anthony+E.%2C+Bicho%2C+Nuno%2C+Zilhao%2C+Joao%2C+Ferring%2C+C.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravettian" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-De_Laet-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-De_Laet_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-De_Laet_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-De_Laet_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">De Laet, S.J. "History of Humanity: Prehistory and the beginnings of civilization". United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultura, 1994. p. 212. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-2310-2810-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-2310-2810-6">978-9-2310-2810-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Renfrew-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Renfrew_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Renfrew, Colin. "Death Rituals, Social Order and the Archaeology of Immortality in the Ancient World: 'Death Shall Have No Dominion'". Cambridge University Press, 2018. p. 58. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-1070-8273-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-1070-8273-1">978-1-1070-8273-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNowell2021" class="citation book cs1">Nowell, April (30 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cxcuEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA62"><i>Growing Up in the Ice Age: Fossil and Archaeological Evidence of the Lived Lives of Plio-Pleistocene Children</i></a>. Oxbow Books. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78925-297-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78925-297-2"><bdi>978-1-78925-297-2</bdi></a>. <q>The Gravettian site of Mal'ta...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Growing+Up+in+the+Ice+Age%3A+Fossil+and+Archaeological+Evidence+of+the+Lived+Lives+of+Plio-Pleistocene+Children&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Oxbow+Books&rft.date=2021-06-30&rft.isbn=978-1-78925-297-2&rft.aulast=Nowell&rft.aufirst=April&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcxcuEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravettian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuPosthHajdinjak2016" class="citation journal cs1">Fu, Qiaomei; Posth, Cosimo; et al. (May 2, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4943878">"The genetic history of Ice Age Europe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i>. <b>504</b> (7606): <span class="nowrap">200–</span>5. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Natur.534..200F">2016Natur.534..200F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature17993">10.1038/nature17993</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10211.3%2F198594">10211.3/198594</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4943878">4943878</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27135931">27135931</a>. <q>Thus, while individuals assigned to the Gravettian cultural complex in Europe are associated with the Vestonice Cluster, there is no genetic connection between them and the Mal'ta individual in Siberia despite the fact that Venus figurines are associated with both. This suggests that if this similarity is not a coincidence, it reflects diffusion of ideas rather than movements of people.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=The+genetic+history+of+Ice+Age+Europe&rft.volume=504&rft.issue=7606&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E200-%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.date=2016-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4943878%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016Natur.534..200F&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27135931&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature17993&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10211.3%2F198594&rft.aulast=Fu&rft.aufirst=Qiaomei&rft.au=Posth%2C+Cosimo&rft.au=Hajdinjak%2C+Mateja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4943878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravettian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schulting-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schulting_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schulting_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchulting,_R.J.,_Trinkaus,_E.,_Higham,_T.,_Hedges,_R.,_Richards,_M._&_Cardy,_B.1997" class="citation journal cs1">Schulting, R.J., Trinkaus, E., Higham, T., Hedges, R., Richards, M. & Cardy, B. 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Brno, Czech Republic: Academy of the Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology. pp. <span class="nowrap">247–</span>251.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Animal+bones+selected+for+tools+and+decorations&rft.btitle=Pavlov+I+southeast%3A+A+window+into+the+gravettian+lifestyles&rft.place=Brno%2C+Czech+Republic&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E247-%3C%2Fspan%3E251&rft.pub=Academy+of+the+Sciences+of+the+Czech+Republic%2C+Institute+of+Archaeology&rft.date=2005&rft.au=N%C3%BDvltov%C3%A1-Fis%C3%A1kov%C3%A1%2C+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravettian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFu2016-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFu2016_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFu2016">Fu 2016</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeschler-NicolaFernandesHändelEinwögerer2020" class="citation journal cs1">Teschler-Nicola, Maria; Fernandes, Daniel; Händel, Marc; Einwögerer, Thomas; Simon, Ulrich; Neugebauer-Maresch, Christine; Tangl, Stefan; Heimel, Patrick; Dobsak, Toni; Retzmann, Anika; Prohaska, Thomas (2020-11-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7648643">"Ancient DNA reveals monozygotic newborn twins from the Upper Palaeolithic"</a>. <i>Communications Biology</i>. <b>3</b> (1): 650. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs42003-020-01372-8">10.1038/s42003-020-01372-8</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2399-3642">2399-3642</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7648643">7648643</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33159107">33159107</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+Biology&rft.atitle=Ancient+DNA+reveals+monozygotic+newborn+twins+from+the+Upper+Palaeolithic&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=650&rft.date=2020-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7648643%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=2399-3642&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33159107&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs42003-020-01372-8&rft.aulast=Teschler-Nicola&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft.au=Fernandes%2C+Daniel&rft.au=H%C3%A4ndel%2C+Marc&rft.au=Einw%C3%B6gerer%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Simon%2C+Ulrich&rft.au=Neugebauer-Maresch%2C+Christine&rft.au=Tangl%2C+Stefan&rft.au=Heimel%2C+Patrick&rft.au=Dobsak%2C+Toni&rft.au=Retzmann%2C+Anika&rft.au=Prohaska%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7648643&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravettian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScorano2022" class="citation journal cs1">Scorano, G. (18 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9674856">"Genomic ancestry, diet and microbiomes of Upper Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers from San Teodoro cave"</a>. <i>Communications Biology</i>. <b>5</b> (1): 1262. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs42003-022-04190-2">10.1038/s42003-022-04190-2</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9674856">9674856</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36400919">36400919</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245021783">245021783</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+Biology&rft.atitle=Genomic+ancestry%2C+diet+and+microbiomes+of+Upper+Palaeolithic+hunter-gatherers+from+San+Teodoro+cave&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1262&rft.date=2022-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9674856%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A245021783%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36400919&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs42003-022-04190-2&rft.aulast=Scorano&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9674856&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravettian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravettian&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFu2016" class="citation journal cs1">Fu, Qiaomei (May 2, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4943878">"The genetic history of Ice Age Europe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i>. <b>534</b> (7606). <a href="/wiki/Nature_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature Research">Nature Research</a>: <span class="nowrap">200–</span>205. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Natur.534..200F">2016Natur.534..200F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature17993">10.1038/nature17993</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10211.3%2F198594">10211.3/198594</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4943878">4943878</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27135931">27135931</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=The+genetic+history+of+Ice+Age+Europe&rft.volume=534&rft.issue=7606&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E200-%3C%2Fspan%3E205&rft.date=2016-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4943878%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016Natur.534..200F&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27135931&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature17993&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10211.3%2F198594&rft.aulast=Fu&rft.aufirst=Qiaomei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4943878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravettian" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravettian&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gravettian" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gravettian">Gravettian</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anthropark.wz.cz/aagalery.htm">Picture Gallery of the Paleolithic (reconstructional palaeoethnology)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170614033200/http://www.anthropark.wz.cz/aagalery.htm">Archived</a> 2017-06-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Libor Balák at the Czech Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Archaeology in Brno, The Center for Paleolithic and Paleoethnological Research</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061116070957/http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/actualites/index-cussac.htm">Cave sites in France</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.ch/2013/08/20000-year-old-stone-pendant-found-in.html">20,000-year-old Gravettian stone pendant found in Piatra Neamţ, Romania</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/prehistoric-jewelry-reveals-9-distinct-cultures-across-stone-age-europe">Prehistoric jewelry reveals 9 distinct cultures across Stone Age Europe (2024)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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title="History of technology">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_archaeology" title="Glossary of archaeology">Glossary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Tools434" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Tools</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture" title="History of agriculture">Farming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution" title="Neolithic Revolution">Neolithic Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Founder_crops" title="Founder crops">Founder crops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_crops" title="New World crops">New World crops</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ard_(plough)" title="Ard (plough)">Ard / plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celt_(tool)" title="Celt (tool)">Celt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digging_stick" title="Digging stick">Digging stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestication" title="Domestication">Domestication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goad" title="Goad">Goad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">Irrigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_products_revolution" title="Secondary products revolution">Secondary products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sickle" title="Sickle">Sickle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrace_(earthworks)" title="Terrace (earthworks)">Terracing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Food processing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Control_of_fire_by_early_humans" title="Control of fire by early humans">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basket" title="Basket">Basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking" title="Cooking">Cooking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earth_oven" title="Earth oven">Earth oven</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granary" title="Granary">Granaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinding_slab" title="Grinding slab">Grinding slab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_stone" title="Ground stone">Ground stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearth" title="Hearth">Hearth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9F%C4%B1kl%C4%B1_H%C3%B6y%C3%BCk#Hearths" title="Aşıklı Höyük">Aşıklı Höyük</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qesem_cave#Fire" title="Qesem cave">Qesem cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mano_(stone)" title="Mano (stone)">Manos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metate" title="Metate">Metate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortar_and_pestle" title="Mortar and pestle">Mortar and pestle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quern-stone" title="Quern-stone">Quern-stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_storage_pits" title="Prehistoric storage pits">Storage pits</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Hunting_hypothesis" title="Hunting hypothesis">Hunting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrow" title="Arrow">Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boomerang" title="Boomerang">Boomerang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Throwing_stick" title="Throwing stick">throwing stick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">Bow and arrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_archery" title="History of archery">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Hunting">Nets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spear" title="Spear">Spear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spear-thrower" title="Spear-thrower">spear-thrower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baton_fragment_(Palart_310)" title="Baton fragment (Palart 310)">baton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpoon" title="Harpoon">harpoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6ningen_spears" title="Schöningen spears">Schöningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woomera_(spear-thrower)" title="Woomera (spear-thrower)">woomera</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Projectile_point" title="Projectile point">Projectile points</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrowhead" title="Arrowhead">Arrowhead</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_arrowhead" title="Transverse arrowhead">Transverse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bare_Island_projectile_point" title="Bare Island projectile point">Bare Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_point" title="Cascade point">Cascade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_point" title="Clovis point">Clovis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creswellian_culture" title="Creswellian culture">Cresswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_point" title="Cumberland point">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_point" title="Eden point">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_point" title="Folsom point">Folsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamoka_projectile_point" title="Lamoka projectile point">Lamoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manis_Mastodon_site" title="Manis Mastodon site">Manis Mastodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano_point" title="Plano point">Plano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Game_drive_system" title="Game drive system">Game drive system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_jump" title="Buffalo jump">Buffalo jump</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Toolmaking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industry_(archaeology)" title="Industry (archaeology)">Earliest toolmaking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oldowan" title="Oldowan">Oldowan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acheulean" title="Acheulean">Acheulean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mousterian" title="Mousterian">Mousterian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurignacian" title="Aurignacian">Aurignacian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_culture" title="Clovis culture">Clovis culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupstone" title="Cupstone">Cupstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_hardening" title="Fire hardening">Fire hardening</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gravettian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafting" title="Hafting">Hafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_axe" title="Hand axe">Hand axe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grooves_(archaeology)" title="Grooves (archaeology)">Grooves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdale_axe_industry" title="Langdale axe industry">Langdale axe industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levallois_technique" title="Levallois technique">Levallois technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_core" title="Lithic core">Lithic core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_reduction" title="Lithic reduction">Lithic reduction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_analysis" title="Lithic analysis">analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debitage" title="Debitage">debitage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_flake" title="Lithic flake">flake</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Lithic technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalenian" title="Magdalenian">Magdalenian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrous_metallurgy" title="Ferrous metallurgy">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microblade_technology" title="Microblade technology">Microblade technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grime%27s_Graves" title="Grime's Graves">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prepared-core_technique" title="Prepared-core technique">Prepared-core technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solutrean" title="Solutrean">Solutrean industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striking_platform" title="Striking platform">Striking platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tool_stone" title="Tool stone">Tool stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniface" title="Uniface">Uniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yubetsu_technique" title="Yubetsu technique">Yubetsu technique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">Other tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adze" title="Adze">Adze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stitching_awl" title="Stitching awl">Awl</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Use_of_animal_remains">bone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axe" title="Axe">Axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannerstone" title="Bannerstone">Bannerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blade_(archaeology)" title="Blade (archaeology)">Blade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prismatic_blade" title="Prismatic blade">prismatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bone_tool" title="Bone tool">Bone tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_drill" title="Bow drill">Bow drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burin_(lithic_flake)" title="Burin (lithic flake)">Burin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe#History" title="Canoe">Canoe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oar" title="Oar">Oar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesse_canoe" title="Pesse canoe">Pesse canoe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopper_(archaeology)" title="Chopper (archaeology)">Chopper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chopping_tool" title="Chopping tool">tool</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleaver_(Stone_Age_tool)" title="Cleaver (Stone Age tool)">Cleaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denticulate_tool" title="Denticulate tool">Denticulate tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_plough" title="Fire plough">Fire plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-saw" title="Fire-saw">Fire-saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerstone" title="Hammerstone">Hammerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knife" title="Knife">Knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microlith" title="Microlith">Microlith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quern-stone" title="Quern-stone">Quern-stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racloir" title="Racloir">Racloir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">Rope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scraper_(archaeology)" title="Scraper (archaeology)">Scraper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grattoir_de_c%C3%B4t%C3%A9" title="Grattoir de côté">side</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_tool" title="Stone tool">Stone tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tally_stick#Paleolithic_tally_sticks" title="Tally stick">Tally stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_weapons#Copper_Age" title="History of weapons">Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel" title="Wheel">Wheel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronocice_pot" title="Bronocice pot">illustration</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Architecture434" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_architecture" title="History of architecture">Architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Ceremonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiva" title="Kiva">Kiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid" title="Pyramid">Pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhir" title="Menhir">Standing stones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Megalith" title="Megalith">megalith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_row" title="Stone row">row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Dwellings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_architecture" title="Neolithic architecture">Neolithic architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_long_house" title="Neolithic long house">long house</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_megalith_architecture" title="British megalith architecture">British megalith architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_megalith_architecture" title="Nordic megalith architecture">Nordic megalith architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burdei" title="Burdei">Burdei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_dwelling" title="Cliff dwelling">Cliff dwelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(shelter)" title="Dugout (shelter)">Dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hut" title="Hut">Hut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quiggly_hole" title="Quiggly hole">Quiggly hole</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacal" title="Jacal">Jacal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouse" title="Longhouse">Longhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudbrick" title="Mudbrick">Mudbrick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh#Lifestyle_and_technology" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit-house" title="Pit-house">Pit-house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_pueblitos" title="Navajo pueblitos">Pueblitos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo" title="Pueblo">Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_shelter" title="Rock shelter">Rock shelter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blombos_Cave" title="Blombos Cave">Blombos Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abri_de_la_Madeleine" title="Abri de la Madeleine">Abri de la Madeleine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibudu_Cave" title="Sibudu Cave">Sibudu Cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundhouse_(dwelling)" title="Roundhouse (dwelling)">Roundhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilt_house" title="Stilt house">Stilt house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_pile_dwellings_around_the_Alps" title="Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps">Alp pile dwellings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ness_of_Brodgar" title="Ness of Brodgar">Stone roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattle_and_daub" title="Wattle and daub">Wattle and daub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Water management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Check_dam" title="Check dam">Check dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistern" title="Cistern">Cistern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flush_toilet#History" title="Flush toilet">Flush toilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir">Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well" title="Well">Well</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Other architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feature_(archaeology)" title="Feature (archaeology)">Archaeological features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broch" title="Broch">Broch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnt_mound" title="Burnt mound">Burnt mound</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fulacht_fiadh" title="Fulacht fiadh">fulacht fiadh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Causewayed_enclosure" title="Causewayed enclosure">Causewayed enclosure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tor_enclosure" title="Tor enclosure">Tor enclosure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_circular_enclosures_in_Central_Europe" title="Neolithic circular enclosures in Central Europe">Circular enclosure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goseck_Circle" title="Goseck Circle">Goseck</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursus" title="Cursus">Cursus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henge" title="Henge">Henge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thornborough_Henges" title="Thornborough Henges">Thornborough</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_architectural_elements" title="Megalithic architectural elements">Megalithic architectural elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midden" title="Midden">Midden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_extant_buildings" title="List of oldest extant buildings">Oldest extant buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_circle" title="Timber circle">Timber circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_trackway" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber trackway">Timber trackway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Track" title="Sweet Track">Sweet Track</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Arts_and_culture434" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">Arts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_culture" title="Archaeological culture">culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">Material goods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basket_weaving" title="Basket weaving">Baskets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beadwork" title="Beadwork">Beadwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bed#History" title="Bed">Beds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles" title="History of clothing and textiles">Clothing/textiles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology" title="Timeline of clothing and textiles technology">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cosmetics" title="History of cosmetics">Cosmetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Stone_Age" title="Middle Stone Age">Glue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_hide_materials" title="History of hide materials">Hides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoe#History" title="Shoe">shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96tzi#Clothes_and_shoes" title="Ötzi">Ötzi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery#History" title="Jewellery">Jewelry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amber#Use" title="Amber">amber use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirror#History" title="Mirror">Mirrors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery#History" title="Pottery">Pottery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardium_pottery" title="Cardium pottery">Cardium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cord-marked_pottery" title="Cord-marked pottery">Cord-marked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grooved_ware" title="Grooved ware">Grooved ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_pottery" title="Jōmon pottery">Jōmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Pottery_culture" title="Linear Pottery culture">Linear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unstan_ware" title="Unstan ware">Unstan ware</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewing_needle#History" title="Sewing needle">Sewing needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">Wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Areni-1_winery" title="Areni-1 winery">winery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_wine_press#Early_history" title="History of the wine press">wine press</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">Prehistoric art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Upper_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Upper Paleolithic">Art of the Upper Paleolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Middle_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Middle Paleolithic">Art of the Middle Paleolithic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blombos_Cave#Archaeological_remains_and_material_culture_from_the_Middle_Stone_Age_levels" title="Blombos Cave">Blombos Cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Stone_Age_art" title="List of Stone Age art">List of Stone Age art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_stone" title="Bird stone">Bird stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairn" title="Cairn">Cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carved_stone_balls" title="Carved stone balls">Carved stone balls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_painting" title="Cave painting">Cave paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cup_and_ring_mark" title="Cup and ring mark">Cup and ring mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoglyph" title="Geoglyph">Geoglyph</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hill_figure" title="Hill figure">Hill figure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_hat" title="Golden hat">Golden hats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_stones" title="Guardian stones">Guardian stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwion_Gwion_rock_paintings" title="Gwion Gwion rock paintings">Gwion Gwion rock paintings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_painting#Pre-history" title="History of painting">painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigment#History" title="Pigment">pigment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_art" title="Megalithic art">Megalithic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroform" title="Petroform">Petroform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroglyph" title="Petroglyph">Petroglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrosomatoglyph" title="Petrosomatoglyph">Petrosomatoglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictogram" title="Pictogram">Pictogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_art" title="Rock art">Rock art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_cupule" title="Rock cupule">Rock cupule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_carving" title="Stone carving">Stone carving</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture#Prehistoric_periods" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_menhir" title="Statue menhir">Statue menhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circle" title="Stone circle">Stone circle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stone_circles" title="List of stone circles">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circles_in_the_British_Isles_and_Brittany" title="Stone circles in the British Isles and Brittany">British Isles and Brittany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurine" title="Venus figurine">Venus figurine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Burial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">Burial mounds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowl_barrow" title="Bowl barrow">Bowl barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_barrow" title="Round barrow">Round barrow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mound_Builders" title="Mound Builders">Mound Builders culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_burial_mounds_in_the_United_States" title="List of burial mounds in the United States">U.S. sites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_tomb" title="Chamber tomb">Chamber tomb</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cotswold-Severn_Group" title="Cotswold-Severn Group">Cotswold-Severn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cist" title="Cist">Cist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dartmoor_kistvaens" title="Dartmoor kistvaens">Dartmoor kistvaens</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clava_cairn" title="Clava cairn">Clava cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_cairn" title="Court cairn">Court cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cremation#History" title="Cremation">Cremation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">Dolmen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_dolmen" title="Great dolmen">Great dolmen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyre" title="Pyre">Funeral pyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallery_grave" title="Gallery grave">Gallery grave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transepted_gallery_grave" class="mw-redirect" title="Transepted gallery grave">transepted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedge-shaped_gallery_grave" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedge-shaped gallery grave">wedge-shaped</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grave_goods" title="Grave goods">Grave goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jar_burial" title="Jar burial">Jar burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_barrow" title="Long barrow">Long barrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unchambered_long_barrow" title="Unchambered long barrow">unchambered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nsalen" title="Grønsalen">Grønsalen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_tomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Megalithic tomb">Megalithic tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy" title="Mummy">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_grave" title="Passage grave">Passage grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectangular_dolmen" title="Rectangular dolmen">Rectangular dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_cairn" title="Ring cairn">Ring cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_dolmen" title="Simple dolmen">Simple dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_box_grave" title="Stone box grave">Stone box grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_cairn" title="Tor cairn">Tor cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unchambered_long_cairn" title="Unchambered long cairn">Unchambered long cairn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Other cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeoastronomy" title="Archaeoastronomy">Archaeoastronomy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeoastronomical_sites_by_country" title="List of archaeoastronomical sites by country">sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">lunar calendar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_modernity" title="Behavioral modernity">Behavioral modernity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_musicology" title="Evolutionary musicology">Evolutionary musicology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_archaeology" title="Music archaeology">music archaeology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_origin_of_religion" title="Evolutionary origin of religion">Evolutionary origin of religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Paleolithic religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_religion" title="Prehistoric religion">Prehistoric religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entheogenic_drugs_and_the_archaeological_record" title="Entheogenic drugs and the archaeological record">Spiritual drug use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_language" title="Origin of language">Origin of language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_counting" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric counting">Prehistoric counting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_medicine" title="Prehistoric medicine">Prehistoric medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trepanning" title="Trepanning">trepanning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_music" title="Prehistoric music">Prehistoric music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_drum" title="Alligator drum">Alligator drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_flute" title="Paleolithic flute">flutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divje_Babe_flute" title="Divje Babe flute">Divje Babe flute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudi_(instrument)" title="Gudi (instrument)">gudi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_warfare" title="Prehistoric warfare">Prehistoric warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diepkloof_Rock_Shelter" title="Diepkloof Rock Shelter">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Howiesons_Poort#Symbolism" title="Howiesons Poort">symbolism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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