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</label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Mary, Untier of Knots</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knopfmadonna" title="Knopfmadonna – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Knopfmadonna" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria,_la_que_desencadena_els_nusos" title="Maria, la que desencadena els nusos – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Maria, la que desencadena els nusos" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panna_Maria_rozvazuj%C3%ADc%C3%AD_uzly" title="Panna Maria rozvazující uzly – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Panna Maria rozvazující uzly" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Knotenl%C3%B6serin" title="Maria Knotenlöserin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Maria Knotenlöserin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Desatanudos" title="María Desatanudos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="María Desatanudos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_qui_d%C3%A9fait_les_n%C5%93uds" title="Marie qui défait les nœuds – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Marie qui défait les nœuds" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marija_koja_razvezuje_%C4%8Dvorove" title="Marija koja razvezuje čvorove – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Marija koja razvezuje čvorove" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_che_scioglie_i_nodi" title="Maria che scioglie i nodi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Maria che scioglie i nodi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csom%C3%B3kat_felold%C3%B3_Sz%C5%B1z_M%C3%A1ria" title="Csomókat feloldó Szűz Mária – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csomókat feloldó Szűz Mária" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D" title="കുരുക്കഴിക്കുന്ന മാതാവ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കുരുക്കഴിക്കുന്ന മാതാവ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria,_die_de_knopen_ontwart" title="Maria, die de knopen ontwart – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Maria, die de knopen ontwart" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E3%81%B3%E7%9B%AE%E3%82%92%E8%A7%A3%E3%81%8F%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2" title="結び目を解くマリア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="結び目を解くマリア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obraz_Marii_Rozwi%C4%85zuj%C4%85cej_W%C4%99z%C5%82y" title="Obraz Marii Rozwiązującej Węzły – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Obraz Marii Rozwiązującej Węzły" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_Desatadora_dos_N%C3%B3s" title="Nossa Senhora Desatadora dos Nós – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nossa Senhora Desatadora dos Nós" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F,_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Дева Мария, развязывающая узлы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дева Мария, развязывающая узлы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panna_M%C3%A1ria_rozv%C3%A4zuj%C3%BAc_uzly" title="Panna Mária rozväzujúc uzly – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Panna Mária rozväzujúc uzly" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria,_solmujen_avaaja" title="Maria, solmujen avaaja – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maria, solmujen avaaja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F,_%D1%89%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%27%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%94_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Марія, що розв'язує вузли – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Марія, що розв'язує вузли" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E7%B5%90%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D" title="解結聖母 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="解結聖母" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q472799#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mary,_Untier_of_Knots" title="View the 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Painting by Johann Georg Melchior Schmidtner</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width: 22em; line-height: 1.4em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic">Mary, Untier of Knots</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary-Untier-of-Knots-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Mary-Untier-of-Knots-1.jpg/270px-Mary-Untier-of-Knots-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="434" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Mary-Untier-of-Knots-1.jpg/405px-Mary-Untier-of-Knots-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Mary-Untier-of-Knots-1.jpg/540px-Mary-Untier-of-Knots-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="908" data-file-height="1461" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Artist</th><td class="infobox-data attendee">Johann Georg Schmidtner</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Year</th><td class="infobox-data">c. 1700</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Oil_painting" title="Oil painting">Oil on poplar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Dimensions</th><td class="infobox-data">182 cm × 110 cm (72 in × 43 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/St._Peter_am_Perlach" title="St. Peter am Perlach">St. Peter am Perlach</a>, <br /><a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a>, Germany</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mary, Untier of Knots</b> or <b>Mary, Undoer of Knots</b> is the name of both a <a href="/wiki/Marian_devotions" title="Marian devotions">Marian devotion</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> painting (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i>Wallfahrtsbild</i> or <i>Gnadenbild</i>) which represents that devotion. The painting by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Georg_Melchior_Schmidtner" title="Johann Georg Melchior Schmidtner">Johann Georg Melchior Schmidtner</a>, of around 1700, is in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage_church" title="Pilgrimage church">pilgrimage church</a> of <a href="/wiki/St._Peter_am_Perlach" title="St. Peter am Perlach">St. Peter am Perlach</a>, otherwise known as the Perlach Church, in <a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, Germany. Devotion to the image had been limited to certain countries in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>) but became known worldwide since the 2013 <a href="/wiki/2013_papal_conclave" title="2013 papal conclave">election</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Painting">Painting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary,_Untier_of_Knots&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Painting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The painting, executed in the Baroque style by Johann Georg Melchior Schmidtner (1625-1707), shows the <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Virgin Mary">Blessed Virgin Mary</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Woman_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Woman of the Apocalypse">Woman of the Apocalypse</a>. She stands on the crescent moon (the usual way of depicting her under her <a href="/wiki/Titles_of_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Titles of Mary">title</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a>), her head crowned by a <a href="/wiki/Circle_of_stars" title="Circle of stars">circle of stars</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Spirit (Christianity)">Holy Spirit</a> in the form of a <a href="/wiki/Dove" class="mw-redirect" title="Dove">dove</a> hovers above, as angels surround her. She is focused on untying knots from a long ribbon, while her foot tramples the head of a "knotted" snake, representing the <a href="/wiki/Devil" title="Devil">Devil</a>. Her treatment of him fulfills God’s prophecy in <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a> 3:15: "I will put enmities between thee and the woman, and thy seed and her seed: she shall crush thy head, and thou shalt lie in wait for her heel."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Below is a human figure being led by an angel, usually interpreted as <a href="/wiki/Tobias_and_the_Angel" title="Tobias and the Angel">Tobias and the Angel</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Archangel_Raphael" class="mw-redirect" title="Archangel Raphael">Archangel Raphael</a>) traveling.<sup id="cite_ref-dayton_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dayton-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two small figures have also been interpreted as a representation of Wolfgang Langenmantel, the grandfather of the benefactor, guided in his distress by a <a href="/wiki/Guardian_angel" title="Guardian angel">guardian angel</a> to Father <a href="/wiki/Jakob_Rem" title="Jakob Rem">Jakob Rem</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dayton_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dayton-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although certain copies and reproductions show a dog accompanying the two figures (standard in <i>Tobias and the Angel</i>), there is no dog in the original painting. </p><p>The concept of Mary untying knots is derived from a work by <a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Saint Irenaeus of Lyons</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Detection_and_Overthrow_of_the_So-Called_Gnosis" class="mw-redirect" title="On the Detection and Overthrow of the So-Called Gnosis">Adversus haereses</a></i> (<i>Against Heresies</i>). In Book III, Chapter 22, he presents a parallel between <a href="/wiki/Eve" title="Eve">Eve</a> and Mary, describing how "the knot of Eve's disobedience was loosed by the obedience of Mary. For what the virgin Eve had bound fast through unbelief, this did the virgin Mary set free through faith."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary,_Untier_of_Knots&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Augsburg-Perlachkirche.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Augsburg-Perlachkirche.jpg/160px-Augsburg-Perlachkirche.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Augsburg-Perlachkirche.jpg/240px-Augsburg-Perlachkirche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Augsburg-Perlachkirche.jpg/320px-Augsburg-Perlachkirche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="542" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Peter_am_Perlach" title="St. Peter am Perlach">St. Peter's Church</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Perlachturm" title="Perlachturm">Perlach-Tower</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The painting was donated around 1700 by Hieronymus Ambrosius Langenmantel (1641-1718),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a doctor in <a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">canon law</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Canon_(priest)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon (priest)">canon</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">Monastery</a> of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a> in Augsburg. Langenmantel was a friend of the <a href="/wiki/Egyptology" title="Egyptology">Egyptologist</a>, alchemist, and esotericist <a href="/wiki/Athanasius_Kircher" title="Athanasius Kircher">Athanasius Kircher</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as a member of the <i>Fruchtbringenden Gesellschaft</i> (Society of the <a href="/wiki/Sporocarp_(fungi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sporocarp (fungi)">Carpophores</a>), which exerted a considerable influence on the nascent German <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemasonry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The donation is said to be connected with an event in his family. His grandfather, Wolfgang Langenmantel (1586-1637) was on the verge of separation from his wife Sophia Rentz (1590-1649), and therefore sought help from Jakob Rem, a <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> priest in Ingolstadt. Father Rem prayed before the <a href="/wiki/Mater_ter_admirabilis" title="Mater ter admirabilis">Mater ter admirabilis</a> image of the Blessed Virgin Mary and said: "<i>In diesem religiösen Akt erhebe ich das Band der Ehe, löse alle Knoten und glätte es</i> [In this religious act, I raise the bonds of matrimony, to untie all knots and smoothen them]". Immediately, peace was restored between the husband and wife, and the separation did not happen. In memory of this event, their grandson commissioned the painting of Mary as "Untier of Knots".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Although the tradition is that the image was painted in thanksgiving from H.A. Langenmantel for his grandparents' marriage being saved through Jakob Rem's intercession, research has been unable to prove a connection between the two events. According to Dr. Leo Hintermayr, the story associated with the image and its title, Untier of Knots, emerged in the second half of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Devotion">Devotion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary,_Untier_of_Knots&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Devotion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Tregist_village_chapel" title="Tregist village chapel">first chapel</a> dedicated to "Mary, Untier of Knots" was completed in 1989 in <a href="/wiki/Styria" title="Styria">Styria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, as a supplication following the <a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster" title="Chernobyl disaster">Chernobyl disaster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fraternity_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fraternity-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The image of "Mary, Undoer of Knots" is especially venerated in <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-dayton_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dayton-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where churches have been named for her and devotion to her has become widespread and which <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> called a "religious craze".<sup id="cite_ref-bellos_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bellos-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This <a href="/wiki/Catholic_devotions" title="Catholic devotions">devotion</a> was popularised worldwide by <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">Cardinal</a> <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Mario_Bergoglio" class="mw-redirect" title="Jorge Mario Bergoglio">Jorge Mario Bergoglio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a> of <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, after he was elected as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_popes" title="List of popes">266th</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> in 2013. </p><p>It was thought that while still a younger priest, Bergoglio had seen the actual painting in Augsburg and brought a copy of it to Argentina. In a 2017 interview for the German newsweekly <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Zeit" title="Die Zeit">Die Zeit</a></i>, Pope Francis stated that he had never been to Augsburg, and that a German nun once sent him a <a href="/wiki/Christmas_card" title="Christmas card">Christmas card</a> with the image, arousing his interest.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bergoglio then sent seminarians with copies of the image to the slums of Buenos Aires, where the faithful were overwhelmed by the depiction of Mary as a problem-solver. He then commissioned Barbara Klimmeck, an exchange student from <a href="/wiki/Eichst%C3%A4tt" title="Eichstätt">Eichstätt</a>, to document the Augsburg original with all its details so that a copy could be made.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was done in Buenos Aires by the artist Ana de Betta Berti,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for the Church of <a href="/wiki/San_Jos%C3%A9_del_Talar" title="San José del Talar">San José del Talar</a>, where it has been enshrined since 8 December 1996. On the eighth day of each month, thousands make the pilgrimage to that church to venerate the image.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The devotion reached Brazil by the end of the 20th century. According to Regina Novaes, of the Institute of Religious Studies in <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, Mary, Untier of Knots "attracts people with small problems".<sup id="cite_ref-bellos_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bellos-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cardinal Bergoglio had this image of Mary engraved on a <a href="/wiki/Chalice" title="Chalice">chalice</a> he presented to then-<a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-chalice_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chalice-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another chalice with the image, by the same silversmith, is to be presented to Pope Francis by the Argentine people. </p><p>Knowing about Pope Francis' special devotion to the image, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korean</a> ambassador to the Vatican Baek Man Lee in 2018 presented him with a Korean rendition of the painting.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 31 May 2021, Pope Francis crowned a copy of Mary, Untier of Knots, in the <a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_Vatican_City" title="Gardens of Vatican City">Vatican Gardens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The devotion to Mary, the Untier of Knots, can be found at numerous religious sites worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-fraternity_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fraternity-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">feast day</a> of Mary, Untier of Knots, is on 28 September. However, this is not officially listed in the present <a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Title_in_other_languages">Title in other languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary,_Untier_of_Knots&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Title in other languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mary,_Untier_of_Knots" title="Special:EditPage/Mary, Untier of Knots">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Mary, Untier of Knots, has different names in other languages: </p> <ul><li>English: Mary, Untier of Knots; Mary, Undoer of Knots; Mary who Unties the Knots</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <i>العذراء التي تحل العقد</i> (<i>ʿAḏrāʾ allatī taḥullu l-ʿuqad</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 解結聖母瑪利亞 (<a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a>: <i>Jiějié Shèngmǔ Mǎlìyà</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: <i>Marija koja razvezuje čvorove</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i>Maria die de knopen ontwart</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i>Marie qui défait les Nœuds</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i>Maria Knotenlöserin</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: <i>A csomókat feloldó Mária</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ido_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ido language">Ido</a>: <i>Maria Desliganta la Nodi</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i>Maria che Scioglie i Nodi</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalam language">Malayalam</a>: കുരുക്കുകളഴിക്കുന്ന മാതാവ് (<i>Kurukkukal azhikunna madhavu</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a>: <i>Il-Madonna tal-Għoqiedi</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i>Maria Rozwiązująca Węzły</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <i>Maria Desatadora dos Nós; Nossa Senhora Desatadora dos Nós</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i>María Desatanudos; María, Desatadora de Nudos; María, la que Desata los Nudos</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <i>Мария, развязывающая узлы</i> (<i>Mariya, razvyazyvajushchaya uzly</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_language" title="Sinhala language">Sinhala</a>: ශු. මරිය තුමිය, ගැටලිහීමේ දේවමාතාවෝ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a>: <i>Maria, Tagakalág ng mga Buhól ng Buhay; Ináng Desay</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>: <i>துன்ப முடிச்சுக்களை அவிழ்க்கும் அன்னை</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary,_Untier_of_Knots&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marian_devotions" title="Marian devotions">Marian devotions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turamichele" title="Turamichele">Turamichele</a>, fighting the Archangel Michael at the <a href="/wiki/Perlachturm" title="Perlachturm">Perlach-Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girdle_of_Thomas" title="Girdle of Thomas">Girdle of Thomas</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary,_Untier_of_Knots&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Douay-Rheims Bible, 1899 Edition</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dayton-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dayton_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dayton_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dayton_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Lenar" class="citation web cs1">Richard Lenar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131113183516/http://campus.udayton.edu/mary/resources/MaryUntierKnots/UntierKnots.html">"History of the Devotion to Mary, Untier of Knots"</a>. <i>A Dictionary of Mary</i>. University of Dayton. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://campus.udayton.edu/mary/resources/MaryUntierKnots/UntierKnots.html">the original</a> on 13 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Dictionary+of+Mary&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Devotion+to+Mary%2C+Untier+of+Knots&rft.au=Richard+Lenar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcampus.udayton.edu%2Fmary%2Fresources%2FMaryUntierKnots%2FUntierKnots.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary%2C+Untier+of+Knots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103322.htm">Irenaeus, <i>Against Heresies</i>, III, 22</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Lenar" class="citation web cs1">Richard Lenar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://udayton.edu/imri/mary/u/untier-of-knots.php">"Untier of Knots"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universit%C3%A0_of_Dayton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Università of Dayton (page does not exist)">Università of Dayton</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Untier+of+Knots&rft.pub=Universit%C3%A0+of+Dayton&rft.au=Richard+Lenar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fudayton.edu%2Fimri%2Fmary%2Fu%2Funtier-of-knots.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary%2C+Untier+of+Knots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gate.unigre.it/mediawiki/index.php/Athanasius_Kircher_Correspondence_metadata_(EMLO)">"Correspondance Kircher -Langenmantel"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Correspondance+Kircher+-Langenmantel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgate.unigre.it%2Fmediawiki%2Findex.php%2FAthanasius_Kircher_Correspondence_metadata_%28EMLO%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary%2C+Untier+of+Knots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFred_Brauen1982" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Brauen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fred Brauen (page does not exist)">Fred Brauen</a> (January–March 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2709164">"Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_History_of_Ideas" title="Journal of the History of Ideas">Journal of the History of Ideas</a></i>. <b>43</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Press" title="University of Pennsylvania Press">University of Pennsylvania Press</a>: <span class="nowrap">129–</span>134. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2709164">10.2307/2709164</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2709164">2709164</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+History+of+Ideas&rft.atitle=Athanasius+Kircher+%281602-1680%29&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E129-%3C%2Fspan%3E134&rft.date=1982-01%2F1982-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2709164&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2709164%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Fred+Brauen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2709164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary%2C+Untier+of+Knots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-romait-it.translate.goog/la-maria-sciogli-nodi-di-bergoglio-oscuro-culto-del-sedicente-papa-francesco.html?_x_tr_sl=it&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=it&_x_tr_pto=wapp">"The society of the Carpophores"</a> (in Italian). 7 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+society+of+the+Carpophores&rft.date=2022-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww-romait-it.translate.goog%2Fla-maria-sciogli-nodi-di-bergoglio-oscuro-culto-del-sedicente-papa-francesco.html%3F_x_tr_sl%3Dit%26_x_tr_tl%3Den%26_x_tr_hl%3Dit%26_x_tr_pto%3Dwapp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary%2C+Untier+of+Knots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKreitmeir2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kreitmeir, Klaus (24 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bistum-eichstaett.de/aktuell/aktuelle-meldungen-details/news/franziskus-machte-sie-bekannt/">"Franziskus machte sie bekannt"</a>. <i>Bistum Eichstätt</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bistum+Eichst%C3%A4tt&rft.atitle=Franziskus+machte+sie+bekannt&rft.date=2016-06-24&rft.aulast=Kreitmeir&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bistum-eichstaett.de%2Faktuell%2Faktuelle-meldungen-details%2Fnews%2Ffranziskus-machte-sie-bekannt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary%2C+Untier+of+Knots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fraternity-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fraternity_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fraternity_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">International Fraternity of the Virgin Mary Untier of Knots, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.desatadora.com.ar/xlista-i.htm">List of Churches, Chapels and Places</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120628192405/http://www.desatadora.com.ar/xlista-i.htm">Archived</a> 28 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> where the Virgin Mary, Untier of Knots is venerated [as] Maria Knotenlöserin". Retrieved 16 June 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bellos-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bellos_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bellos_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellos2001" class="citation news cs1">Bellos, Alex (23 December 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/dec/24/alexbellos">"Virgin painting ties Brazilians in knots"</a>. <i>The Guardian (UK)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian+%28UK%29&rft.atitle=Virgin+painting+ties+Brazilians+in+knots&rft.date=2001-12-23&rft.aulast=Bellos&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2001%2Fdec%2F24%2Falexbellos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary%2C+Untier+of+Knots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170726123339/https://www.zeit.de/2017/11/papst-franziskus-vatikan-katholische-kirche-interview">"Ich kenne auch die leeren Momente" Was bedeutet Glaube? Ein ZEIT-Gespräch mit Papst Franziskus"</a>. <i>die Zeit</i>. 6 April 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zeit.de/2017/11/papst-franziskus-vatikan-katholische-kirche-interview">the original</a> on 26 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=die+Zeit&rft.atitle=Ich+kenne+auch+die+leeren+Momente%22+Was+bedeutet+Glaube%3F+Ein+ZEIT-Gespr%C3%A4ch+mit+Papst+Franziskus.&rft.date=2017-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeit.de%2F2017%2F11%2Fpapst-franziskus-vatikan-katholische-kirche-interview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary%2C+Untier+of+Knots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.augsburger-allgemeine.de/politik/Maria-Knotenloeserin-Tausende-pilgern-zum-heimlichen-Weltstar-nach-Augsburg-id34015297.html">"Tausende pilgern zum "heimlichen Weltstar" nach Augsburg"</a>. <i>Augsburger Allgemeine</i>. 8 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Augsburger+Allgemeine&rft.atitle=Tausende+pilgern+zum+%22heimlichen+Weltstar%22+nach+Augsburg&rft.date=2015-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.augsburger-allgemeine.de%2Fpolitik%2FMaria-Knotenloeserin-Tausende-pilgern-zum-heimlichen-Weltstar-nach-Augsburg-id34015297.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary%2C+Untier+of+Knots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Italian and German)</span> Falasca, Stefania. "<i>Nessun groviglio è senza uscita - Kein Problem (Verwicklung) endet in einer Sackgasse</i> [Italian & German, "No Tangle is a Dead End"]", <i><a href="/wiki/Avvenire" title="Avvenire">Avvenire</a></i>, 14 April 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/notes/parroquia-san-jose-del-talar-y-santuario-de-la-virgen-que-desata-los-nudos/historia-del-cuadro-de-nuestra-se%C3%B1ora-que-desata-los-nudos/431014946921425">Facebook</a> of the parish of San José del Talar in Buenos Aires, with the photograph of the copy of the icon there.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chalice-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chalice_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJiménez2013" class="citation news cs1">Jiménez, Pablo (14 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buenosairesherald.com/article/126383/the-popes-chalice-silvermade-austere-and-featuring-our-lady-of-luj%C3%A1n">"The Pope's chalice: silver-made, austere and featuring Our Lady of Luján"</a>. <i>Buenos Aires Herald</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Buenos+Aires+Herald&rft.atitle=The+Pope%27s+chalice%3A+silver-made%2C+austere+and+featuring+Our+Lady+of+Luj%C3%A1n&rft.date=2013-03-14&rft.aulast=Jim%C3%A9nez&rft.aufirst=Pablo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buenosairesherald.com%2Farticle%2F126383%2Fthe-popes-chalice-silvermade-austere-and-featuring-our-lady-of-luj%25C3%25A1n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary%2C+Untier+of+Knots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.romereports.com/en/2018/02/16/new-ambassador-from-korea-deeply-honored-to-present-credentials-to-holy-father/">"New ambassador from Korea deeply honored to present credentials to Holy Father"</a>. RomeReports.com. 16 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+ambassador+from+Korea+deeply+honored+to+present+credentials+to+Holy+Father&rft.date=2018-02-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.romereports.com%2Fen%2F2018%2F02%2F16%2Fnew-ambassador-from-korea-deeply-honored-to-present-credentials-to-holy-father%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary%2C+Untier+of+Knots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/247848/pope-francis-turns-to-mary-undoer-of-knots-at-end-of-rosary-marathon-for-end-to-pandemic">"Pope Francis turns to Mary, Undoer of Knots, at end of rosary marathon for end to pandemic"</a>. <i>Catholic News Agency</i>. EWTN News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Pope+Francis+turns+to+Mary%2C+Undoer+of+Knots%2C+at+end+of+rosary+marathon+for+end+to+pandemic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicnewsagency.com%2Fnews%2F247848%2Fpope-francis-turns-to-mary-undoer-of-knots-at-end-of-rosary-marathon-for-end-to-pandemic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary%2C+Untier+of+Knots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary,_Untier_of_Knots&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130111074009/http://www.desatadora.com.ar/desata-i.htm">Virgin Mary, Untier of Knots</a> (International Fraternity)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maryundoerofknots.com">Mary, Undoer of Knots</a> (US and Canada)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maryvictrix.com/2013/03/19/the-holy-grail-of-pope-francis-our-lady-of-lujan-and-undoer-of-knots/">The Holy Grail of Pope Francis: Our Lady of Lujan and Undoer of Knots</a> (Blog: <i>Mary Victrix</i>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecompassnews.org/2013/11/life-become-bit-knotted-turn-mary/">If life has become a bit knotted, turn to Mary - Maria Knotenlöserin is a favorite of Pope Francis</a> - (TheCompass, 19 November 2013)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thinkingfaith.org/articles/20130521_1.htm">The Blessed Virgin Mary, Untier of Knots</a> - (Thinking Faith, 21 May 2013)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drbo.org/chapter/17001.htm">Book of Tobit</a> (Douay-Rheims Bible)</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> Official Website of the Church of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sankt-peter-am-perlach.de/">St. Peter am Perlach</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grabler.info/augsburg/knotenloeserin/knotenloeserin.htm">Mary, Untier of Knots: Links between Augsburg and Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Portuguese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mariadesatadoradosnos.com.br">Maria Desatadora dos Nós</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200810113240/http://www.mariadesatadoradosnos.com.br/">Archived</a> 10 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Brazil)</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Portuguese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nossa-senhora-desatadora.blogspot.com.br">Prayer to Nossa Senhora Desatadora dos Nós</a> (Brazil)</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mariadesatadoranudos.com">Maria Desatanudos</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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