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<span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C3%B2ng_B%C3%AEn-cho%CC%8Dk_kap_Ch%C5%AB-i%C3%BB_%C3%AA_Au-chiu" title="Chiòng Bîn-cho̍k kap Chū-iû ê Au-chiu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chiòng Bîn-cho̍k kap Chū-iû ê Au-chiu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Европа на нациите и свободата – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Европа на нациите и свободата" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evropa_n%C3%A1rod%C5%AF_a_svobody" title="Evropa národů a svobody – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Evropa národů a svobody" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruppen_Nationernes_og_Frihedens_Europa" title="Gruppen Nationernes og Frihedens Europa – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gruppen Nationernes og Frihedens Europa" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_der_Nationen_und_der_Freiheit" title="Europa der Nationen und der Freiheit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Europa der Nationen und der Freiheit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%85%CF%81%CF%8E%CF%80%CE%B7_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ευρώπη των Εθνών και της Ελευθερίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ευρώπη των Εθνών και της Ελευθερίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_de_las_Naciones_y_de_las_Libertades" title="Europa de las Naciones y de las Libertades – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Europa de las Naciones y de las Libertades" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe_des_nations_et_des_libert%C3%A9s" title="Europe des nations et des libertés – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Europe des nations et des libertés" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%EC%99%80_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%9D%98_%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD" title="국가와 자유의 유럽 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="국가와 자유의 유럽" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_delle_Nazioni_e_della_Libert%C3%A0" title="Europa delle Nazioni e della Libertà – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Europa delle Nazioni e della Libertà" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_van_Naties_en_Vrijheid" title="Europa van Naties en Vrijheid – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Europa van Naties en Vrijheid" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemzet_%C3%A9s_Szabads%C3%A1g_Eur%C3%B3p%C3%A1ja" title="Nemzet és Szabadság Európája – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nemzet és Szabadság Európája" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_van_Naties_en_Vrijheid" title="Europa van Naties en Vrijheid – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Europa van Naties en Vrijheid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E3%81%A8%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E3%81%AE%E6%AC%A7%E5%B7%9E" title="国家と自由の欧州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="国家と自由の欧州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationernes_og_Frihedens_Europa" title="Nationernes og Frihedens Europa – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nationernes og Frihedens Europa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" 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href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Европа наций и свобод – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Европа наций и свобод" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansakuntien_ja_vapauden_Eurooppa" title="Kansakuntien ja vapauden Eurooppa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kansakuntien ja vapauden Eurooppa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9_%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Європа націй і свобод – 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#efefef">Europe of Nations and Freedom</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background:#efefef"><b><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">European Parliament group</a></b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom_logo.svg/160px-Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom_logo.svg/240px-Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom_logo.svg/320px-Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="213" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">English abbr.</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">ENF</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">French abbr.</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">ENL</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ideology</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a><sup id="cite_ref-Siaroff2019_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siaroff2019-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-immigration" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-immigration">Anti-immigration</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Euroscepticism</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">Right-wing</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to<br /><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a><sup id="cite_ref-Siaroff2019_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siaroff2019-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-euobs_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-euobs-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European parties</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_a_Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom">Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">From</th><td class="infobox-data">15 June 2015</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">To</th><td class="infobox-data">13 June 2019</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Identity_and_Democracy" title="Identity and Democracy">Identity and Democracy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Chaired by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Bay" title="Nicolas Bay">Nicolas Bay</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Marcel_de_Graaff" title="Marcel de Graaff">Marcel de Graaff</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190609032302/http://www.enf.eu/">enf.eu</a></span> (archived URL)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Europe of Nations and Freedom</b> (<b>ENF</b>; French: <i lang="fr">Europe des nations et des libertés</i>, <b>ENL</b>) was a <a href="/wiki/Far-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right">far-right</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">political group</a> that operated in the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> between 2015 and 2019. It was composed of 37 <a href="/wiki/MEPs" class="mw-redirect" title="MEPs">MEPs</a> and only existed during the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_European_Parliament" title="Eighth European Parliament">European Parliament's 8th term</a>. Most of its MPs were members of the <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_a_Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom">Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom</a> political party. </p><p>Ideologically, ENF was <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populist" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing populist">right-wing populist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurosceptic" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurosceptic">Eurosceptic</a>. Its members included far-right parties such as French <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">National Front</a> (known as National Rally after 2018), Italian <a href="/wiki/Lega_Nord" title="Lega Nord">Lega Nord</a>, Dutch <a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">Party for Freedom</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vlaams_Belang" title="Vlaams Belang">Vlaams Belang</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election" title="2019 European Parliament election">2019 European Parliament election</a>, ENF was transformed into the <a href="/wiki/Identity_and_Democracy" title="Identity and Democracy">Identity and Democracy</a> group.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election" title="2014 European Parliament election">2014 European elections</a> on 22–25 May 2014, the <a href="/wiki/European_Alliance_for_Freedom" title="European Alliance for Freedom">European Alliance for Freedom</a> (EAF), comprising <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a> parties from across Europe, aimed to form a stable parliamentary group in the European Parliament prior to the start of the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_European_Parliament" title="Eighth European Parliament">8th term</a>. A previous attempt to create a far-right group in the European Parliament during the <a href="/wiki/Sixth_European_Parliament" title="Sixth European Parliament">6th term</a> was the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Identity,_Tradition,_Sovereignty" title="Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty">Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty</a> (ITS) group in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-Laible2008_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laible2008-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 28 May 2014, it was announced at a press conference in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> that the alliance led by <a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Marine Le Pen</a> of the French <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">National Front</a> (FN) and <a href="/wiki/Geert_Wilders" title="Geert Wilders">Geert Wilders</a> of the Dutch <a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">Party for Freedom</a> (PVV), including <a href="/wiki/Lega_Nord" title="Lega Nord">Northern League</a> (LN) leader <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Salvini" title="Matteo Salvini">Matteo Salvini</a>, were in negotiations to create a parliamentary group.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 24 June 2014, it was announced that the Le Pen/Wilders alliance had failed to gather the requisite 25 MEPs from seven EU member nations, thus starting the parliamentary term as <i><a href="/wiki/Non-Inscrits" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Inscrits">Non-Inscrits</a></i> members.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in 2014, the EAF was succeeded by the <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_a_Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom">Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom</a> (MENL), without the participation of the PVV.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 June 2015, Marine Le Pen announced that a new group in the European Parliament would be launched the following day, set to comprise MEPs from the FN, PVV, LN, the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_of_Austria" title="Freedom Party of Austria">Freedom Party of Austria</a> (FPÖ), <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Interest" class="mw-redirect" title="Flemish Interest">Flemish Interest</a> (VB),<sup id="cite_ref-euobs_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-euobs-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Polish <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_New_Right" title="Congress of the New Right">Congress of the New Right</a> (KNP) and former <a href="/wiki/UK_Independence_Party" title="UK Independence Party">UK Independence Party</a> member <a href="/wiki/Janice_Atkinson" title="Janice Atkinson">Janice Atkinson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together with the availability of the excluded UKIP MEP, the creation of the group with representation from seven member states was made possible by the recent side-lining of two historical but controversial figures of the far-right: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Jean-Marie Le Pen">Jean-Marie Le Pen</a> was suspended by his own National Front, while <a href="/wiki/Janusz_Korwin-Mikke" title="Janusz Korwin-Mikke">Janusz Korwin-Mikke</a>'s departure from the KNP allowed Marine Le Pen and Wilders to accept the two remaining members of the party in their group, something they had rejected during the discussions held in June 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-lemonde_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lemonde-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the FN delegation, <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Gollnisch" title="Bruno Gollnisch">Bruno Gollnisch</a> chose not to join in solidarity with former president Jean-Marie Le Pen, while <a href="/wiki/Aymeric_Chauprade" title="Aymeric Chauprade">Aymeric Chauprade</a>, on a trip to <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-lemonde_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lemonde-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> joined a few days later.<sup id="cite_ref-opinion_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opinion-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the four seats <a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2014 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">won by the PVV</a> was vacant at the time of the group's creation until 8 September 2015, when <a href="/wiki/Auke_Zijlstra" title="Auke Zijlstra">Auke Zijlstra</a> replaced <a href="/wiki/Hans_Jansen" title="Hans Jansen">Hans Jansen</a>, who had died on 5 May 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2015, the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> decided the group would earn €3 million per year from EU funds.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By adding up all the grants for the group as well as for the linked political party and think tank, the funds will amount to €17.5 million for the next four years of their mandate.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reviewing votes in the EU Parliament on resolutions critical of Russia or measures not in the Kremlin's interests (e.g., the <a href="/wiki/Ukraine-EU_Association_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukraine-EU Association Agreement">Ukraine-EU Association Agreement</a>), Hungary's Political Capital Institute found that future members of the ENF voted "no" in 93% of cases.<sup id="cite_ref-PCI150803_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCI150803-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Stay_on_topic" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles"><span title="The material near this tag may contain information that is not relevant to the article's main topic. (November 2015)">relevant?</span></a></i>]</sup> The first convention of the ENL took place on 28 and 29 January 2016 in Milan with all the leaders of ENL's member parties along with <a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Direct_Democracy" title="Freedom and Direct Democracy">Freedom and Direct Democracy</a> (SPD) leader <a href="/wiki/Tomio_Okamura" title="Tomio Okamura">Tomio Okamura</a>, whose party was not a member of the ENL as it had no MEPs. During this convention, each leader made a speech followed by a press conference the next day.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">Alternative for Germany</a> (AfD) party convention on 30 April 2016, it was announced that <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Pretzell" title="Marcus Pretzell">Marcus Pretzell</a> MEP would join the ENL group.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The AfD's other MEP <a href="/wiki/Beatrix_von_Storch" title="Beatrix von Storch">Beatrix von Storch</a> joined the <a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Freedom_and_Direct_Democracy" title="Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy">Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy</a> (EFDD) group in March 2016, both MEPs having been expelled from the ECR group.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 July 2015, Romanian MEP <a href="/wiki/Lauren%C8%9Biu_Rebega" title="Laurențiu Rebega">Laurențiu Rebega</a> left both the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(Romania)" title="Conservative Party (Romania)">Conservative Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">S&D group</a> to join the ENF.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 9 November 2015 <a href="/wiki/Aymeric_Chauprade" title="Aymeric Chauprade">Aymeric Chauprade</a> left the group.<sup id="cite_ref-rfi_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfi-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 2 October 2017, 3 MEPs left the Front National and joined the EFDD group two days later. On 2 March 2018, Romanian MEP <a href="/wiki/Lauren%C8%9Biu_Rebega" title="Laurențiu Rebega">Laurențiu Rebega</a> left the group. In May 2018, another MEP, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Monot" title="Bernard Monot">Bernard Monot</a>, left the Front National to join the EFDD group.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2019, three <a href="/wiki/UK_Independence_Party" title="UK Independence Party">UK Independence Party</a> MEPs joined the group.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2019, one of those MEPs, Jane Collins, returned to the EFDD group.<sup id="cite_ref-europarlEFDD_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-europarlEFDD-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 12 June 2019, following the <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election" title="2019 European Parliament election">2019 European Parliament elections</a>, the successor group to ENF was announced as <a href="/wiki/Identity_and_Democracy" title="Identity and Democracy">Identity and Democracy</a> group, to be launched the following day.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Member_parties_before_being_dissolved">Member parties before being dissolved</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Member parties before being dissolved"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ENF group had members from eight countries.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th colspan="3">Name </th> <th>Ideology </th> <th>EU party </th> <th><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">MEPs</a> </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </td> <th style="background:#0056A2"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_of_Austria" title="Freedom Party of Austria">Freedom Party of Austria</a> </td> <td>FPÖ </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">National conservatism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a></span> </td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_a_Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom">MENF</a><sup id="cite_ref-menleuropa1_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-menleuropa1-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 18</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0056A2; width: 22%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Franz_Obermayr" title="Franz Obermayr">Franz Obermayr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georg_Mayer" title="Georg Mayer">Georg Mayer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harald_Vilimsky" title="Harald Vilimsky">Harald Vilimsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Kappel" title="Barbara Kappel">Barbara Kappel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td> <th style="background:#FFE500"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Vlaams_Belang" title="Vlaams Belang">Vlaams Belang</a> </td> <td>VB </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flemish_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Flemish nationalism">Flemish nationalism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 21</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFE500; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gerolf_Annemans" title="Gerolf Annemans">Gerolf Annemans</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <th style="background:#254671"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">National Rally</a> </td> <td>RN </td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_nationalism" title="French nationalism">French nationalism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">15 / 74</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #254671; width: 20%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marie-Christine_Arnautu" title="Marie-Christine Arnautu">Marie-Christine Arnautu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Bay" title="Nicolas Bay">Nicolas Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Bilde" title="Dominique Bilde">Dominique Bilde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marie-Christine_Boutonnet" title="Marie-Christine Boutonnet">Marie-Christine Boutonnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steeve_Briois" title="Steeve Briois">Steeve Briois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Colombier" title="Jacques Colombier">Jacques Colombier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Jalkh" title="Jean-François Jalkh">Jean-François Jalkh</a>, <a href="/wiki/France_Jamet" title="France Jamet">France Jamet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Lebreton" title="Gilles Lebreton">Gilles Lebreton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christelle_Lechevalier" title="Christelle Lechevalier">Christelle Lechevalier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Loiseau" title="Philippe Loiseau">Philippe Loiseau</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Martin_(politician)" title="Dominique Martin (politician)">Dominique Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%ABlle_M%C3%A9lin" title="Joëlle Mélin">Joëlle Mélin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Schaffhauser" title="Jean-Luc Schaffhauser">Jean-Luc Schaffhauser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myl%C3%A8ne_Troszczynski" title="Mylène Troszczynski">Mylène Troszczynski</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <th style="background:#120980"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Party_(Germany)" title="The Blue Party (Germany)">The Blue Party</a> </td> <td>BP </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">National conservatism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 96</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #120980; width: 1%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Pretzell" title="Marcus Pretzell">Marcus Pretzell</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <th style="background:#008000"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Lega_Nord" title="Lega Nord">Lega Nord</a> </td> <td>LN </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 83</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #008000; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mara_Bizzotto" title="Mara Bizzotto">Mara Bizzotto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_Borghezio" title="Mario Borghezio">Mario Borghezio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angelo_Ciocca" title="Angelo Ciocca">Angelo Ciocca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giancarlo_Scott%C3%A0" title="Giancarlo Scottà">Giancarlo Scottà</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Marco_Zanni" title="Marco Zanni">Marco Zanni</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Danilo_Oscar_Lancini" title="Danilo Oscar Lancini">Danilo Oscar Lancini</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td> <th style="background:#012758"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">Party for Freedom</a> </td> <td>PVV </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Dutch nationalism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a> </td> <td>None </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 26</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #012758; width: 15%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marcel_de_Graaff" title="Marcel de Graaff">Marcel de Graaff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Elissen" title="André Elissen">André Elissen</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Stuger" title="Olaf Stuger">Olaf Stuger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auke_Zijlstra" title="Auke Zijlstra">Auke Zijlstra</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> </td> <th style="background:#1B3458"> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_New_Right" title="Congress of the New Right">Congress of the New Right</a></span> </td> <td>KNP </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">Libertarian conservatism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Alliance_for_Freedom" title="European Alliance for Freedom">EAF</a> (Marusik)<sup id="cite_ref-eaf_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eaf-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 51</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #1B3458; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Marusik" title="Michał Marusik">Michał Marusik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_%C5%BB%C3%B3%C5%82tek" title="Stanisław Żółtek">Stanisław Żółtek</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></span> </td> <th style="background:#6D3177"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/UK_Independence_Party" title="UK Independence Party">UK Independence Party</a> </td> <td>UKIP </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/British_nationalism" title="British nationalism">British nationalism</a> </td> <td>None </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 73</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6D3177; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Batten" title="Gerard Batten">Gerard Batten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Agnew" title="Stuart Agnew">Stuart Agnew</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_members">Former members</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Former members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th colspan="3">Initial party </th> <th><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">MEPs</a> </th> <th>Duration </th> <th colspan="3">Joined party </th> <th>Moved to </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <th rowspan="6" style="background:#254671"> </th> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">National Rally</a> </td> <td rowspan="6">RN </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aymeric_Chauprade" title="Aymeric Chauprade">Aymeric Chauprade</a> </td> <td>24 June–9 November 2015<sup id="cite_ref-opinion_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opinion-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rfi_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfi-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <th style="background:blue"> </th> <td>The Free French </td> <td>LFL </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Inscrits" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Inscrits">Non-Inscrits</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mireille_d%27Ornano" title="Mireille d'Ornano">Mireille d'Ornano</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">15 June 2015 – 2 October 2017 </td> <th rowspan="3" style="background:#ED8B00"> </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/The_Patriots_(France)" title="The Patriots (France)">The Patriots</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">LP </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Freedom_and_Direct_Democracy" title="Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy">EFDD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Montel" title="Sophie Montel">Sophie Montel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Florian_Philippot" title="Florian Philippot">Florian Philippot</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Monot" title="Bernard Monot">Bernard Monot</a> </td> <td>24 June 2015 – 31 May 2018<sup id="cite_ref-opinion_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opinion-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rfi_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfi-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <th rowspan="2" style="background:#0087CD"> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Debout_la_France" title="Debout la France">Debout la France</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">DLF </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Freedom_and_Direct_Democracy" title="Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy">EFDD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sylvie_Goddyn" title="Sylvie Goddyn">Sylvie Goddyn</a> </td> <td>15 June 2015 – 19 October 2018 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> </td> <th style="background:#01357E"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(Romania)" title="Conservative Party (Romania)">Conservative Party</a><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>PC </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lauren%C8%9Biu_Rebega" title="Laurențiu Rebega">Laurențiu Rebega</a> </td> <td>15 July 2015 – 2 March 2018 </td> <th style="background:#DCDCDC"> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Inscrits" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Inscrits">Non-Inscrits</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <th style="background:#6D3177"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/UK_Independence_Party" title="UK Independence Party">UK Independence Party</a><sup id="cite_ref-europarlEFDD_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-europarlEFDD-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>UKIP </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jane_Collins" title="Jane Collins">Jane Collins</a> </td> <td>16 January–15 April 2019 </td> <th style="background:#12B6CF"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Brexit_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Brexit Party">Brexit Party</a> </td> <td>BP </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Freedom_and_Direct_Democracy" title="Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy">EFDD</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leadership">Leadership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Co-president: <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Bay" title="Nicolas Bay">Nicolas Bay</a></li> <li>Co-president: <a href="/wiki/Marcel_de_Graaff" title="Marcel de Graaff">Marcel de Graaff</a></li> <li>Vice-president: <a href="/wiki/Gerolf_Annemans" title="Gerolf Annemans">Gerolf Annemans</a></li> <li>Vice-president: <a href="/wiki/Janice_Atkinson" title="Janice Atkinson">Janice Atkinson</a></li> <li>Vice-president: <a href="/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Marusik" title="Michał Marusik">Michał Marusik</a></li> <li>Vice-president: <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Pretzell" title="Marcus Pretzell">Marcus Pretzell</a></li> <li>Vice-president: <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Salvini" title="Matteo Salvini">Matteo Salvini</a></li> <li>Vice-president: <a href="/wiki/Harald_Vilimsky" title="Harald Vilimsky">Harald Vilimsky</a><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Alliance_of_Peoples_and_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="European Alliance of Peoples and Nations">European Alliance of Peoples and Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Freedom_and_Direct_Democracy" title="Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy">Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charter&rft.pub=www.enfgroup-ep.eu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.enfgroup-ep.eu%2Fcharter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurope+of+Nations+and+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/search.html?politicalGroup=4907">"Europe of Nations and Freedom"</a>. <i>europarl.europa.eu</i>. <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=europarl.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Europe+of+Nations+and+Freedom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fmeps%2Fen%2Fsearch.html%3FpoliticalGroup%3D4907&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurope+of+Nations+and+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enfgroup-ep.eu/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20113710#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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