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id="toc-Childhood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_studies_and_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_studies_and_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Legal studies and work </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_studies_and_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_political_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_political_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Early political career </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Early_political_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Early political career subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Early_political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1986–2010:_Rise_within_the_National_Front" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1986–2010:_Rise_within_the_National_Front"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 1986–2010: Rise within the National Front </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1986–2010:_Rise_within_the_National_Front-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010–11:_Leadership_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010–11:_Leadership_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 2010–11: Leadership campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010–11:_Leadership_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muslim_occupation_comment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muslim_occupation_comment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Muslim occupation comment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muslim_occupation_comment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leadership_of_the_National_Front/National_Rally_2011-2022" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership_of_the_National_Front/National_Rally_2011-2022"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Leadership of the National Front/National Rally 2011-2022 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Leadership_of_the_National_Front/National_Rally_2011-2022-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Leadership of the National Front/National Rally 2011-2022 subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Leadership_of_the_National_Front/National_Rally_2011-2022-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rebranding_of_the_National_Front" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rebranding_of_the_National_Front"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Rebranding of the National Front </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rebranding_of_the_National_Front-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_steps_as_a_New_leader:_2011" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_steps_as_a_New_leader:_2011"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 First steps as a New leader: 2011 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_steps_as_a_New_leader:_2011-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_presidential_candidacy:_2011–2012" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_presidential_candidacy:_2011–2012"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 First presidential candidacy: 2011–2012 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_presidential_candidacy:_2011–2012-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_results:_2012–2016" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_results:_2012–2016"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Electoral results: 2012–2016 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_results:_2012–2016-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_presidential_candidacy:_2016–2017" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_presidential_candidacy:_2016–2017"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Second presidential candidacy: 2016–2017 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_presidential_candidacy:_2016–2017-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Leading_candidate_in_polls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leading_candidate_in_polls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5.1 Leading candidate in polls </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leading_candidate_in_polls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5.2 Campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_round" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_round"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5.3 Second round </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_round-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Member_of_the_National_Assembly:_2017–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Member_of_the_National_Assembly:_2017–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Member of the National Assembly: 2017–present </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Member_of_the_National_Assembly:_2017–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_presidential_candidacy_and_legislative_election:_2022" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_presidential_candidacy_and_legislative_election:_2022"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Third presidential candidacy and legislative election: 2022 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_presidential_candidacy_and_legislative_election:_2022-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standing_down" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standing_down"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 Standing down </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standing_down-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_positions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_positions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Political positions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_positions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Political positions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Political_positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Immigration_and_multiculturalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration_and_multiculturalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Immigration and multiculturalism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration_and_multiculturalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Economic policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Foreign policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Other issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_image" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_image"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Media image </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media_image-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Media image subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Media_image-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 National media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 International media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Legal issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elections_contested" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elections_contested"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Elections contested </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Elections_contested-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Elections contested subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Elections_contested-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-European_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 European elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliamentary_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliamentary_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Parliamentary elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliamentary_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Paris_in_1993" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paris_in_1993"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.1 Paris in 1993 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paris_in_1993-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lens_in_2002" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lens_in_2002"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.2 Lens in 2002 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lens_in_2002-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hénin-Beaumont_in_2007" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hénin-Beaumont_in_2007"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.3 Hénin-Beaumont in 2007 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hénin-Beaumont_in_2007-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hénin-Beaumont_in_2012" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hénin-Beaumont_in_2012"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.4 Hénin-Beaumont in 2012 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hénin-Beaumont_in_2012-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hénin-Beaumont_in_2017" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hénin-Beaumont_in_2017"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.5 Hénin-Beaumont in 2017 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hénin-Beaumont_in_2017-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hénin-Beaumont_in_2022" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hénin-Beaumont_in_2022"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.6 Hénin-Beaumont in 2022 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hénin-Beaumont_in_2022-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hénin-Beaumont_in_2024" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hénin-Beaumont_in_2024"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.7 Hénin-Beaumont in 2024 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hénin-Beaumont_in_2024-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Regional elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nord-Pas-de-Calais_in_1998" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nord-Pas-de-Calais_in_1998"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.1 Nord-Pas-de-Calais in 1998 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nord-Pas-de-Calais_in_1998-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Île-de-France_in_2004" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Île-de-France_in_2004"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.2 Île-de-France in 2004 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Île-de-France_in_2004-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nord-Pas-de-Calais_in_2010" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nord-Pas-de-Calais_in_2010"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.3 Nord-Pas-de-Calais in 2010 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nord-Pas-de-Calais_in_2010-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Municipal_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipal_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Municipal elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipal_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hénin-Beaumont_in_2008" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hénin-Beaumont_in_2008"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4.1 Hénin-Beaumont in 2008 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hénin-Beaumont_in_2008-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2009_Hénin-Beaumont_by-election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2009_Hénin-Beaumont_by-election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4.2 2009 Hénin-Beaumont by-election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2009_Hénin-Beaumont_by-election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_mandates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_mandates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Political mandates </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_mandates-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Political mandates subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Political_mandates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local_mandates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_mandates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Local mandates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_mandates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_mandates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_mandates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 European mandates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_mandates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Marine Le Pen</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 91 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-91" aria-hidden="true" > 91 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مارين لوبان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مارين لوبان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marin_Le_Pen" title="Marin Le Pen – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Marin Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%86" title="مارین لوپن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مارین لوپن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="মারিন ল্য পেন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মারিন ল্য পেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Марын Ле Пен – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Марын Ле Пен" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D1%91_%D0%9F%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Марын Лё Пэн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Марын Лё Пэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D1%8C%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Марин Льо Пен – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Марин Льо Пен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="མ་རིན་ལེ་པེན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མ་རིན་ལེ་པེན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Penov%C3%A1" title="Marine Le Penová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Marine Le Penová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BD_%CE%9B%CE%B5_%CE%A0%CE%B5%CE%BD" title="Μαρίν Λε Πεν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαρίν Λε Πεν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88_%D9%BE%D9%86" title="مارین لو پن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مارین لو پن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A6%B0_%EB%A5%B4%ED%8E%9C" title="마린 르펜 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마린 르펜" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%BC%D5%A8_%D5%8A%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Մարին Լը Պեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մարին Լը Պեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="मरिन ले पेन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मरिन ले पेन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%9F" title="מארין לה פן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מארין לה פן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მარინ ლე პენი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მარინ ლე პენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Марин Ле Пен – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Марин Ле Пен" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99_%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B5_%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%99" title="ມາຣີນ ເລີ ເປນ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ມາຣີນ ເລີ ເປນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Le_Pen" title="Marina Le Pen – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Marina Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Lepena" title="Marina Lepena – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Marina Lepena" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_le_Pen" title="Marine le Pen – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Marine le Pen" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Марин Ле Пен – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Марин Ле Пен" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მარინ ლე პენი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მარინ ლე პენი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مارين لوبان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مارين لوبان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Марин Ле Пен – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Марин Ле Пен" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE_%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="မာရင်း လီ ပန် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မာရင်း လီ ပန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="मरिन ले पेन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मरिन ले पेन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8C%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9A%E3%83%B3" title="マリーヌ・ル・ペン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マリーヌ・ル・ペン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8" title="ਮਾਰੀਨ ਲ ਪੈਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਾਰੀਨ ਲ ਪੈਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Ле Пен, Марин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ле Пен, Марин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Penov%C3%A1" title="Marine Le Penová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Marine Le Penová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Марин ле Пен – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Марин ле Пен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%86_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="மரீன் லெ பென் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மரீன் லெ பென்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marin_Le_Pen" title="Marin Le Pen – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Marin Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%99" title="มารีน เลอ แปน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มารีน เลอ แปน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Марін Ле Пен – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Марін Ле Пен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%DA%BA" title="مارین لوپوں – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مارین لوپوں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Marine Le Pen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E5%8B%92%E5%BA%9E" title="玛丽娜·勒庞 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="玛丽娜·勒庞" data-language-autonym="吴语" 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.navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Marine Le Pen</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Marine_Le_Pen_VIVA_24_(2)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Marine_Le_Pen_VIVA_24_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Marine_Le_Pen_VIVA_24_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Marine_Le_Pen_VIVA_24_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Marine_Le_Pen_VIVA_24_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Marine_Le_Pen_VIVA_24_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Marine_Le_Pen_VIVA_24_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1509" data-file-height="2099" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Le Pen in 2024</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">President of the <a href="/wiki/National_Rally_group_(National_Assembly)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Rally group (National Assembly)">National Rally group</a> in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office 28 June 2022</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Office established</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_(France)" title="Deputy (France)">Member of the National Assembly</a> for <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais%27s_11th_constituency" title="Pas-de-Calais's 11th constituency">11th</a> constituency</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office 18 June 2017</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Kemel" title="Philippe Kemel">Philippe Kemel</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">President of the <a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">National Rally</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 16 January 2011 – 13 September 2021<a href="#cite_note-1">[a]</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Jean-Marie Le Pen">Jean-Marie Le Pen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Bardella" title="Jordan Bardella">Jordan Bardella</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom" title="Europe of Nations and Freedom">Europe of Nations and Freedom</a> Group</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 15 June 2015 – 19 June 2017<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving with <a href="/wiki/Marcel_de_Graaff" title="Marcel de Graaff">Marcel de Graaff</a></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Office established</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Bay" title="Nicolas Bay">Nicolas Bay</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">Member of the European Parliament</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 14 July 2009 – 18 June 2017</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North-West_France_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="North-West France (European Parliament constituency)">North-West France</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 20 July 2004 – 13 July 2009</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Île-de-France (European Parliament constituency)">Île-de-France</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regional_council_(France)" title="Regional council (France)">Regional Councillor</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 4 January 2016 – 2 July 2021</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Regional_Council_of_Hauts-de-France" title="Regional Council of Hauts-de-France">Hauts-de-France</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 26 March 2010 – 13 December 2015</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Regional_Council_of_Nord-Pas-de-Calais" title="Regional Council of Nord-Pas-de-Calais">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 28 March 2004 – 21 March 2010</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Regional_Council_of_%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Regional Council of Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 21 March 1998 – 28 March 2004</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Regional_Council_of_Nord-Pas-de-Calais" title="Regional Council of Nord-Pas-de-Calais">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Marion Anne Perrine Le Pen</div> (1968-08-05) 5 August 1968 (age 56) <a href="/wiki/Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Neuilly-sur-Seine">Neuilly-sur-Seine</a>, France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">FN/RN</a> (since 1986)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Franck Chauffroy</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1995; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 2000)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Eric Lorio</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 2002; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 2006)</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Domestic partner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Aliot" title="Louis Aliot">Louis Aliot</a> (2009–2019)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Jean-Marie Le Pen">Jean-Marie Le Pen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pierrette_Le_Pen" title="Pierrette Le Pen">Pierrette Le Pen</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marie-Caroline_Le_Pen" title="Marie-Caroline Le Pen">Marie-Caroline Le Pen</a> (sister) <a href="/wiki/Marion_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Marion Maréchal">Marion Maréchal</a> (niece) <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Olivier" title="Philippe Olivier">Philippe Olivier</a> (brother-in-law) <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Bardella" title="Jordan Bardella">Jordan Bardella</a> (nephew-in-law) <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Sofo" title="Vincenzo Sofo">Vincenzo Sofo</a> (nephew-in-law)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Panth%C3%A9on-Assas_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Panthéon-Assas University">Panthéon-Assas University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Laws" title="Master of Laws">LLM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Advanced_Studies" title="Master of Advanced Studies">DEA</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Marine_Le_Pen_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Marine Le Pen's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Marine_Le_Pen_Signature.svg/128px-Marine_Le_Pen_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Marine_Le_Pen_Signature.svg/192px-Marine_Le_Pen_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Marine_Le_Pen_Signature.svg/256px-Marine_Le_Pen_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="234" data-file-height="136" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #154E9D; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_France" title="Category:Conservatism in France">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#154e9d; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_France" title="Conservatism in France">Conservatism in France</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Monarchist_France_Conservatism_Flags_Symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Monarchist_France_Conservatism_Flags_Symbol.svg/120px-Monarchist_France_Conservatism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Monarchist_France_Conservatism_Flags_Symbol.svg/180px-Monarchist_France_Conservatism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Monarchist_France_Conservatism_Flags_Symbol.svg/240px-Monarchist_France_Conservatism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="290" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_nationalism" title="French nationalism">French nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Integral_nationalism" title="Integral nationalism">Integral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_Droite" title="Nouvelle Droite">Nouvelle Droite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaullism" title="Gaullism">Gaullism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics" title="Catholic Church and politics">Political Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integralism" title="Integralism">Integralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultramontanism" title="Ultramontanism">Ultramontanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_nationale" title="Révolution nationale">Révolution nationale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Royalism">Royalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonapartism" title="Bonapartism">Bonapartism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legitimists" title="Legitimists">Legitimism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurrassisme" title="Maurrassisme">Maurrassisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9anist" title="Orléanist">Orléanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarkozysm" title="Sarkozysm">Sarkozysm</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Catholic social teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-revolutionary" title="Counter-revolutionary">Counter-revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirigisme" title="Dirigisme">Dirigisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noblesse_oblige" title="Noblesse oblige">Noblesse oblige</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnopluralism" title="Ethnopluralism">Ethnopluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_values" title="Family values">Family values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_France" title="Culture of France">French culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_France" title="Monarchism in France">Restauration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapolitics#Contemporary_politics" title="Metapolitics">Metapolitics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">Nativism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Politique_naturelle" title="La Politique naturelle">Natural politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Social_stratification" title="Social stratification">Social hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_order" title="Social order">Social order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereigntism" title="Sovereigntism">Souverainisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_authority" title="Traditional authority">Traditional authority</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tours#Supporting_the_significance_of_Tours_as_a_world_altering_event" title="Battle of Tours">Battle of Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchiens" title="Monarchiens">Monarchiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feuillant_(political_group)" title="Feuillant (political group)">Feuillant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_and_Royal_Armies" title="Catholic and Royal Armies">Catholic and Royal Armies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_the_Vend%C3%A9e" title="War in the Vendée">War in the Vendée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermidorian_Reaction" title="Thermidorian Reaction">Thermidorian Reaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_White_Terror" title="First White Terror">First White Terror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_Jehu" title="Companions of Jehu">Companions of Jehu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscadins" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscadins">Muscadins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_White_Terror" title="Second White Terror">Second White Terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Bourbon Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-royalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultra-royalists">Ultra-royalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreyfus_affair" title="Dreyfus affair">Dreyfus affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second French Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Daudet_affair" title="Philippe Daudet affair">Philippe Daudet affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algiers_putsch_of_1961" title="Algiers putsch of 1961">Algiers putsch of 1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_The_Republicans_alliance_crisis" title="2024 The Republicans alliance crisis">2024 The Republicans alliance crisis</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Barbey_d%27Aurevilly" title="Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly">Barbey d'Aurevilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Bainville" title="Jacques Bainville">Bainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustin_Barruel" title="Augustin Barruel">Barruel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist" title="Alain de Benoist">de Benoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Blanc_de_Saint-Bonnet" title="Antoine Blanc de Saint-Bonnet">Blanc de Saint-Bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bloy" title="Léon Bloy">Bloy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald" title="Louis de Bonald">de Bonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boutang" title="Pierre Boutang">Boutang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Bruckner" title="Pascal Bruckner">Bruckner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Bruneti%C3%A8re" title="Ferdinand Brunetière">Brunetière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Cau_(writer)" title="Jean Cau (writer)">Cau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">de Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numa_Denis_Fustel_de_Coulanges" title="Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges">Fustel de Coulanges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Daudet" title="Léon Daudet">Daudet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Dum%C3%A9zil" title="Georges Dumézil">Dumézil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Fabr%C3%A8gues" title="Jean de Fabrègues">de Fabrègues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Faye" title="Guillaume Faye">Faye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julien_Freund" title="Julien Freund">Freund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Girardet" title="Raoul Girardet">Girardet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non" title="René Guénon">Guénon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_de_Gobineau" title="Arthur de Gobineau">de Gobineau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_thinking_of_Arthur_de_Gobineau" title="Social thinking of Arthur de Gobineau">Social thinking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Houellebecq" title="Michel Houellebecq">Houellebecq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_de_Jouvenel" title="Bertrand de Jouvenel">de Jouvenel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_de_La_Mennais" title="Félicité de La Mennais">de La Mennais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon" title="Gustave Le Bon">Le Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Lefebvre" title="Marcel Lefebvre">Lefebvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Lema%C3%AEtre" title="Jules Lemaître">Lemaître</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Guillaume_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_le_Play" title="Pierre Guillaume Frédéric le Play">Le Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lugan" title="Bernard Lugan">Lugan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Madiran" title="Jean Madiran">Madiran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">de Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dict_Augustin_Morel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bénédict Augustin Morel">Morel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Maffesoli" title="Michel Maffesoli">Maffesoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Nimier" title="Roger Nimier">Nimier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Poulat" title="Émile Poulat">Poulat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_R%C3%A9mond" title="René Rémond">Rémond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Renan" title="Ernest Renan">Renan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_Rivarol" title="Antoine de Rivarol">de Rivarol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Rueff" title="Jacques Rueff">Rueff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Salleron" title="Louis Salleron">Salleron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Taine" title="Hippolyte Taine">Taine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">de Tocqueville</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Considerations_on_France" title="Considerations on France">Considerations on France</a> (1796)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memoirs_Illustrating_the_History_of_Jacobinism" title="Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism">Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism</a> (1797)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Genius_of_Christianity" title="The Genius of Christianity">The Genius of Christianity</a> (1802)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pope_(book)" title="The Pope (book)">The Pope</a> (1819)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Petersburg_Dialogues" title="St Petersburg Dialogues">St Petersburg Dialogues</a> (1821)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_America" title="Democracy in America">Democracy in America</a> (1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ancient_City" title="The Ancient City">The Ancient City</a> (1864)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Is_a_Nation%3F" title="What Is a Nation?">What Is a Nation?</a>" (1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crowd:_A_Study_of_the_Popular_Mind" title="The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind">The Crowd</a> (1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enqu%C3%AAte_sur_la_monarchie" title="Enquête sur la monarchie">Inquiry into the Monarchy</a> (1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Avenir_de_l%27intelligence" title="L'Avenir de l'intelligence">"The Future of the Intelligentsia"</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Political_Ideas" title="My Political Ideas">My Political Ideas</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Reign_of_Quantity_and_the_Signs_of_the_Times" title="The Reign of Quantity and the Signs of the Times">The Reign of Quantity</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Opium_of_the_Intellectuals" title="The Opium of the Intellectuals">The Opium of the Intellectuals</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_and_the_Sacred" title="Violence and the Sacred">Violence and the Sacred</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Camp_of_the_Saints" title="The Camp of the Saints">The Camp of the Saints</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tyranny_of_Guilt" title="The Tyranny of Guilt">The Tyranny of Guilt</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_French_Suicide" title="The French Suicide">The French Suicide</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submission_(novel)" title="Submission (novel)">Submission</a> (2015)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Bardella" title="Jordan Bardella">Bardella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier_Bellamy" title="François-Xavier Bellamy">Bellamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald" title="Louis de Bonald">de Bonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Ernest_Boulanger" title="Georges Ernest Boulanger">Boulanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cathelineau" title="Jacques Cathelineau">Cathelineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">de Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Ciotti" title="Éric Ciotti">Ciotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-%C3%89tienne_Flandin" title="Pierre-Étienne Flandin">Flandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yann_Fou%C3%A9r%C3%A9" title="Yann Fouéré">Fouéré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">de Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Holeindre" title="Roger Holeindre">Holeindre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Juppé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_K%C3%A9rillis" title="Henri de Kérillis">de Kérillis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Jean-Marie Le Pen">Le Pen (Jean-Marie)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Le Pen (Marine)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Marine_Le_Pen" title="Political positions of Marine Le Pen">Political positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Malraux" title="André Malraux">Malraux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrice_de_MacMahon" title="Patrice de MacMahon">MacMahon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Marion Maréchal">Maréchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Messiha" title="Jean Messiha">Messiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Messmer" title="Pierre Messmer">Messmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" title="Valérie Pécresse">Pécresse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Pétain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Peyrefitte" title="Alain Peyrefitte">Peyrefitte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Poisson" title="Jean-Frédéric Poisson">Poisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_de_Polignac" title="Jules de Polignac">de Polignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Pompidou" title="Georges Pompidou">Pompidou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Retailleau" title="Bruno Retailleau">Retailleau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_Rocque" title="François de La Rocque">de La Rocque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_de_La_Tour_du_Pin" title="René de La Tour du Pin">de La Tour du Pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Sarkozy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Schuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent-Marie_Vi%C3%A9not,_Count_of_Vaublanc" title="Vincent-Marie Viénot, Count of Vaublanc">de Vaublanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Vill%C3%A8le" title="Joseph de Villèle">de Villèle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Villiers" title="Philippe de Villiers">de Villiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Zemmour" title="Éric Zemmour">Zemmour</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Commentators</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Barbier" title="Christophe Barbier">Barbier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Buisson" title="Patrick Buisson">Buisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean,_Count_of_Paris" title="Jean, Count of Paris">Count of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz-Olivier_Giesbert" title="Franz-Olivier Giesbert">Giesbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_de_Girardin" title="Émile de Girardin">de Girardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tha%C3%AFs_d%27Escufon" title="Thaïs d'Escufon">d'Escufon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Jamet" title="Dominique Jamet">Jamet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_L%C3%A9vy" title="Élisabeth Lévy">Lévy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Marmin" title="Michel Marmin">Marmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Massis" title="Henri Massis">Massis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Maulnier" title="Thierry Maulnier">Maulnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M%C3%A9nard" title="Robert Ménard">Ménard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Mougeotte" title="Étienne Mougeotte">Mougeotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Nay" title="Catherine Nay">Nay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Obertone" title="Laurent Obertone">Obertone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27Orcival" title="François d'Orcival">d'Orcival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_d%27Ornellas" title="Charlotte d'Ornellas">d'Ornellas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Pauwels" title="Louis Pauwels">Pauwels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Pujo" title="Maurice Pujo">Pujo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Sastre" title="Peggy Sastre">Sastre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_S%C3%A9rant" title="Paul Sérant">Sérant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Venner" title="Dominique Venner">Venner</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">Active <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Royale" title="Alliance Royale">Alliance Royale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debout_la_France" title="Debout la France">Debout la France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Future" title="French Future">French Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nationalists_(France)" title="The Nationalists (France)">The Nationalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Movement" title="National Republican Movement">National Republican Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_with_Confidence" title="Future with Confidence">Future with Confidence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Centre_of_Independents_and_Peasants" title="National Centre of Independents and Peasants">National Centre of Independents & Peasants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">National Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconqu%C3%AAte" title="Reconquête">Reconquête</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">The Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Republicans" title="Senate Republicans">Senate Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyons_libres" title="Soyons libres">Soyons libres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIA,_the_Way_of_the_People" title="VIA, the Way of the People">VIA, the Way of the People</a></li></ul> Defunct <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republican_Alliance" title="Democratic Republican Alliance">Democratic Republican Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feuillant_(political_group)" title="Feuillant (political group)">Feuillants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Agrarian_and_Peasant_Party" title="French Agrarian and Peasant Party">French Agrarian and Peasant Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Social_Party" title="French Social Party">French Social Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_France" title="Movement for France">Movement for France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Radicals" title="Independent Radicals">Independent Radicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Republicans" title="Independent Republicans">Independent Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Order" title="Party of Order">Party of Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_of_the_French_People" title="Rally of the French People">Rally of the French People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Liberal_Action" title="Popular Liberal Action">Popular Liberal Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_for_France" title="Rally for France">Rally for France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_for_the_Republic" title="Rally for the Republic">Rally for the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Federation" title="Republican Federation">Republican Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_Party_(France)" title="Resistance Party (France)">Resistance Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">Union for a Popular Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_New_Republic" title="Union for the New Republic">Union for the New Republic</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">Active <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Action Française">Action Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrefour_de_l%27Horloge" title="Carrefour de l'Horloge">Carrefour de l'Horloge</a> (formerly known as: Club de l'Horloge)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_catholique" title="Cité catholique">Cité catholique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groupement_de_Recherche_et_d%27%C3%89tudes_pour_la_Civilisation_Europ%C3%A9enne" class="mw-redirect" title="Groupement de Recherche et d'Études pour la Civilisation Européenne">Groupement de Recherche et d'Études pour la Civilisation Européenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiative_and_Liberty_Movement" title="Initiative and Liberty Movement">Initiative and Liberty Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Manif_pour_tous" title="La Manif pour tous">La Manif pour tous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Identitaires" title="Les Identitaires">Les Identitaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_for_Life_(Paris)" title="March for Life (Paris)">March for Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_Action_Royaliste" title="Nouvelle Action Royaliste">Nouvelle Action Royaliste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rassemblement_national_de_la_jeunesse" title="Rassemblement national de la jeunesse">Rassemblement national de la jeunesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Cockade" title="Student Cockade">Student Cockade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UDR_group" title="UDR group">UDR group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Nationale_Inter-universitaire" title="Union Nationale Inter-universitaire">Union Nationale Inter-universitaire</a></li></ul> Defunct <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camelots_du_Roi" title="Camelots du Roi">Camelots du Roi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercle_Proudhon" title="Cercle Proudhon">Cercle Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civitas_(movement)" title="Civitas (movement)">Civitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croix-de-Feu" title="Croix-de-Feu">Croix-de-Feu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Republicans" title="Independent Republicans">Independent Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussards_(literary_movement)" title="Hussards (literary movement)">Hussards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_d%27Action_Civique" title="Service d'Action Civique">Service d'Action Civique</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantico" title="Atlantico">Atlantico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNews" title="CNews">CNews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9ments" title="Éléments">Éléments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famille_chr%C3%A9tienne" title="Famille chrétienne">Famille chrétienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%89cho_du_Sud" title="L'Écho du Sud">L'Écho du Sud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Croix_(newspaper)" title="La Croix (newspaper)">La Croix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Libert%C3%A9_(France)" title="La Liberté (France)">La Liberté</a> (Defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Nation_fran%C3%A7aise" title="La Nation française">La Nation française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Presse_(French_newspaper)" title="La Presse (French newspaper)">La Presse</a> (Defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro_Magazine" title="Le Figaro Magazine">Le Figaro Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Point" title="Le Point">Le Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sent" title="Présent">Présent</a> (Defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minute_(newspaper)" title="Minute (newspaper)">Minute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_%C3%89cole" title="Nouvelle École">Nouvelle École</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Quotidien_de_Paris" title="Le Quotidien de Paris">Le Quotidien de Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Courtoisie" title="Radio Courtoisie">Radio Courtoisie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeurs_actuelles" title="Valeurs actuelles">Valeurs actuelles</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: 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title="Remigration">Remigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinistrisme" title="Sinistrisme">Sinistrisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocqueville_effect" title="Tocqueville effect">Tocqueville effect</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li> <li><img alt="flag" 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_in_France" title="Template:Conservatism in France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_in_France" title="Template talk:Conservatism in France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_in_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism in France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Marion Anne Perrine "Marine" Le Pen (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>French: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[maʁin lə pɛn]</a>; born 5 August 1968) is a French lawyer and politician who ran for the French presidency in <a href="/wiki/2012_French_presidential_election" title="2012 French presidential election">2012</a>, <a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">2017</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2022_French_presidential_election" title="2022 French presidential election">2022</a>. A member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">National Rally</a> (RN; previously the National Front, FN), she served as its president from 2011 to 2021. She has been the member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais%27s_11th_constituency" title="Pas-de-Calais's 11th constituency">11th constituency</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a> since 2017. She has served as parliamentary party leader of the National Rally in the Assembly since <a href="/wiki/2022_French_legislative_election" title="2022 French legislative election">June 2022</a>. Le Pen is the youngest daughter of former party leader <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Jean-Marie Le Pen">Jean-Marie Le Pen</a> and the aunt of former FN <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">MP</a> <a href="/wiki/Marion_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Marion Maréchal">Marion Maréchal</a>. Le Pen joined the FN in 1986. She was elected as a <a href="/wiki/Regional_council_(France)" title="Regional council (France)">regional councillor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nord-Pas-de-Calais" title="Nord-Pas-de-Calais">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</a> (1998–2004; 2010–2015), <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a> (2004–2010) and <a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-France" title="Hauts-de-France">Hauts-de-France</a> (2015–2021), a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of European Parliament">Member of European Parliament</a> (2004–2017), as well as a <a href="/wiki/Municipal_council_(France)" title="Municipal council (France)">municipal councillor</a> of <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9nin-Beaumont" title="Hénin-Beaumont">Hénin-Beaumont</a> (2008–2011). She won the leadership of the FN in 2011, with 67.6% of the vote, defeating <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Gollnisch" title="Bruno Gollnisch">Bruno Gollnisch</a> and succeeding her father, who had been president of the party since he founded it in 1972.<a href="#cite_note-2">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC-4">[3]</a> In 2012, she <a href="/wiki/2012_Marine_Le_Pen_presidential_campaign" title="2012 Marine Le Pen presidential campaign">placed third</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2012_French_presidential_election" title="2012 French presidential election">presidential election</a> with 17.9% of the vote, behind <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CCF-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-CC2012-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-CC2012-RD-7">[6]</a> She launched a second bid for the presidency at the <a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">2017 election</a>. She finished second in the first round of the election with 21.3% of the vote and faced <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> of centrist party <a href="/wiki/La_R%C3%A9publique_En_Marche!" class="mw-redirect" title="La République En Marche!">En Marche!</a> in the second round of voting. On 7 May 2017, she conceded after receiving approximately 33.9% of the vote in the second round.<a href="#cite_note-auto4-8">[7]</a> In 2020, she announced her third candidacy for the presidency in the <a href="/wiki/2022_French_presidential_election" title="2022 French presidential election">2022 election</a>. She came second in the first round of the election with 23.2% of the votes, thus qualifying her for the second round against Macron,<a href="#cite_note-:1-9">[8]</a> losing in the second round after receiving 41.5% of the votes. Le Pen has led a movement of "<a href="/wiki/De-demonisation_of_the_National_Front" class="mw-redirect" title="De-demonisation of the National Front">de-demonisation of the National Front</a>" to soften its image,<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> including limited expulsion of members accused of <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitism</a> or <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_nationale" title="Révolution nationale">Pétainism</a>. She expelled her father from the party in August 2015, after he made fresh controversial statements.<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> While liberalizing some <a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Marine_Le_Pen" title="Political positions of Marine Le Pen">political positions of the party</a> by revoking its <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_opposition" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights opposition">opposition to same-sex partnerships</a>, its <a href="/wiki/Anti-abortion_movements" title="Anti-abortion movements">opposition to unconditional abortions</a>, and its <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">support for the death penalty</a>, Le Pen still advocates many of the same historical policies of her party, with particular focus on strong <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">anti-immigration</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">protectionist</a> measures.<a href="#cite_note-auto-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-14">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto2-15">[14]</a> She is supportive of <a href="/wiki/Economic_nationalism" title="Economic nationalism">economic nationalism</a>, favoring an <a href="/wiki/Dirigisme" title="Dirigisme">interventionist role of government</a>, and is opposed to <a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">globalization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">multiculturalism</a>. Le Pen supports <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_France" title="Immigration to France">limiting immigration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Legal_aspects_of_ritual_slaughter" title="Legal aspects of ritual slaughter">banning ritual slaughter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-16">[15]</a> She has made supportive comments of <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> and Russia in the past, advocating closer cooperation before the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>; she strongly condemned the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">war in Ukraine</a>, but stated Russia could become "<a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="France–Russia relations">an ally of France again</a>" if it ends.<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> She has supported <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> named Le Pen one of the <a href="/wiki/Time_100" title="Time 100">100 most influential people in the world</a> in 2011 and 2015.<a href="#cite_note-MLPTIME-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a> named her the second-most influential <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">MEP</a> in the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>, after <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="President of the European Parliament">President of the European Parliament</a> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Schulz" title="Martin Schulz">Martin Schulz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> In January 2024, after months of rising polling numbers, and for the first time ever, Le Pen became the most popular politician in France according to a <a href="/wiki/Kantar_Group" title="Kantar Group">Verian</a>-Epoka for <a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro_Magazine" title="Le Figaro Magazine">Le Figaro Magazine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Childhood">Childhood</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Childhood">edit</a>]</div> Marion Anne Perrine Le Pen was born on 5 August 1968 in <a href="/wiki/Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Neuilly-sur-Seine">Neuilly-sur-Seine</a>,<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> the youngest of three daughters of <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Jean-Marie Le Pen">Jean-Marie Le Pen</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Bretons" title="Bretons">Breton</a> politician and former <a href="/wiki/Paratrooper" title="Paratrooper">paratrooper</a>, and his first wife, <a href="/wiki/Pierrette_Le_Pen" title="Pierrette Le Pen">Pierrette Le Pen</a>. She was baptized on 25 April 1969 at <a href="/wiki/La_Madeleine,_Paris" title="La Madeleine, Paris">La Madeleine</a> Church in Paris. Her godfather was Henri Botey, a relative of her father.<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> Le Pen has two sisters: Yann and <a href="/wiki/Marie-Caroline_Le_Pen" title="Marie-Caroline Le Pen">Marie-Caroline</a>. In 1976, when Marine was eight, a bomb meant for her father exploded in the stairwell outside the family's apartment as they slept.<a href="#cite_note-autobiography-28">[27]</a> The blast ripped a hole in the outside wall of the building, but Marine, her two older sisters and their parents were unharmed.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> She was a student at the <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Alexandre_Dumas_(Saint-Cloud)" title="Lycée Alexandre Dumas (Saint-Cloud)">Lycée Florent Schmitt</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Cloud" title="Saint-Cloud">Saint-Cloud</a>. Her mother left the family in 1984 when Marine was 16. Le Pen wrote in her autobiography that the effect was "the most awful, cruel, crushing of pains of the heart: my mother did not love me."<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> Her parents divorced in 1987.<a href="#cite_note-biography-31">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardian-32">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_studies_and_work">Legal studies and work</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legal studies and work">edit</a>]</div> Le Pen studied law at <a href="/wiki/Panth%C3%A9on-Assas_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Panthéon-Assas University">Panthéon-Assas University</a>, graduating with a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Laws" title="Master of Laws">Master of Laws</a> in 1991 and a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Advanced_Studies" title="Master of Advanced Studies">Master of Advanced Studies</a> (DEA) in <a href="/wiki/Criminal_law" title="Criminal law">criminal law</a> in 1992.<a href="#cite_note-Marine-33">[32]</a> Registered at the Paris <a href="/wiki/Bar_association" title="Bar association">bar association</a>, she worked as a lawyer for six years (1992–1998),<a href="#cite_note-Marine-33">[32]</a> appearing regularly before the criminal chamber of the 23rd district court of Paris which judges immediate appearances, and often acting as a <a href="/wiki/Public_defender" title="Public defender">public defender</a>. She was a member of the Paris Bar until 1998, when she joined the legal department of the National Front. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> In 1995, Le Pen married Franck Chauffroy, a business executive who worked for the National Front. She has three children with Chauffroy (Jehanne, Louis, and Mathilde).<a href="#cite_note-biography-31">[30]</a> After her divorce from Chauffroy in 2000, she married Eric Lorio in 2002, the former national secretary of the National Front and a former adviser to the Regional election in <a href="/wiki/Nord-Pas-de-Calais" title="Nord-Pas-de-Calais">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</a>. The couple divorced in 2006. From 2009 until 2019, she was in a relationship with <a href="/wiki/Louis_Aliot" title="Louis Aliot">Louis Aliot</a>, who is of ethnic French <a href="/wiki/Pied-Noir" class="mw-redirect" title="Pied-Noir">Pied-Noir</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Algeria" title="History of the Jews in Algeria">Algerian Jewish</a> heritage.<a href="#cite_note-Mahrane-34">[33]</a> He was the National Front general secretary from 2005 to 2010, then the National Front vice president.<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> She has lived in <a href="/wiki/La_Celle-Saint-Cloud" title="La Celle-Saint-Cloud">La Celle-Saint-Cloud</a> with her three children since September 2014. She has an apartment in <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9nin-Beaumont" title="Hénin-Beaumont">Hénin-Beaumont</a> and owns a house with Aliot in <a href="/wiki/Millas" title="Millas">Millas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> Le Pen has described herself as a <a href="/wiki/Church_attendance" title="Church attendance">non-practising</a> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_France" title="Catholic Church in France">Catholic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> Her children were baptised by a priest of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Pius_X" title="Society of Saint Pius X">Society of Saint Pius X</a> (FSSPX) in the <a href="/wiki/Saint-Nicolas-du-Chardonnet" title="Saint-Nicolas-du-Chardonnet">Church of Saint-Nicolas du Chardonnet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_political_career">Early political career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early political career">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1986–2010:_Rise_within_the_National_Front">1986–2010: Rise within the National Front</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1986–2010: Rise within the National Front">edit</a>]</div> Marine Le Pen joined the FN in 1986, at the age of 18. She acquired her first political mandate in 1998 when she was elected a <a href="/wiki/Regional_Council_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional Council (France)">Regional Councillor</a> for <a href="/wiki/Nord-Pas-de-Calais" title="Nord-Pas-de-Calais">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</a>. In the same year, she joined the FN's juridical branch, which she led until 2003. In 2000, she became president of Generations Le Pen, a loose association close to the party which aimed at "de-demonizing the Front National".<a href="#cite_note-biography-31">[30]</a> She became a member the FN Executive Committee (French: bureau politique) in 2000, and vice-president of the FN in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-biography-31">[30]</a> In 2006, she managed the <a href="/wiki/2007_French_presidential_election" title="2007 French presidential election">presidential campaign</a> of her father, Jean-Marie Le Pen. She became one of the two executive vice-presidents of the FN in 2007, with responsibility for training, communication and publicity.<a href="#cite_note-Marine-33">[32]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2007_French_legislative_election" title="2007 French legislative election">2007 parliamentary election</a>, she contested <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais%27_14th_constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Pas-de-Calais' 14th constituency">Pas-de-Calais' 14th constituency</a> but came second behind incumbent <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">Socialist</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament (France)">MP</a> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Facon" title="Albert Facon">Albert Facon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010–11:_Leadership_campaign">2010–11: Leadership campaign</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2010–11: Leadership campaign">edit</a>]</div> Early in 2010, Le Pen expressed her intention to run for leader of the FN, saying that she hoped to make the party "a big popular party that addresses itself not only to the electorate on the right but to all the French people".<a href="#cite_note-BBC-4">[3]</a> On 3 September 2010, she launched her leadership campaign at <a href="/wiki/Cuers" title="Cuers">Cuers</a>, Var.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> During a meeting in Paris on 14 November 2010, she said that her goal was "not only to assemble our political family. It consists of shaping the Front National as the center of grouping of the whole French people", adding that in her view the FN leader should be the party's candidate in the <a href="/wiki/2012_French_presidential_election" title="2012 French presidential election">2012 presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated18-41">[40]</a> She spent four months campaigning for the FN leadership, holding meetings with FN members in 51 <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">departments</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> All the other departments were visited by one of her official supporters.<a href="#cite_note-marinesoutiens-43">[42]</a> During her final meeting of the campaign in Hénin-Beaumont on 19 December 2010, she claimed that the FN would present the real debate of the next presidential campaign.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> Her candidacy was endorsed by a majority of senior figures in the party,<a href="#cite_note-marinesoutiens-43">[42]</a> including her father.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> On several occasions during her campaign she ruled out any political alliance with the <a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">Union for a Popular Movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> She also distanced herself from some of Jean-Marie Le Pen's most controversial statements,<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> such as those relating to <a href="/wiki/War_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes">war crimes</a>, which was reported in the media as attempts to improve the party's image. While her father had attracted controversy by saying that the mass murder of Jews in <a href="/wiki/Gas_chamber" title="Gas chamber">gas chambers</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a> was "a detail of the history of World War II", she described <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a> as "the height of barbarism".<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> In December 2010 and early January 2011, FN members voted by post to elect their new president and the members of the central committee. The party held a congress at <a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a> on 15–16 January.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> On 16 January 2011, Marine Le Pen was elected as the new president of the FN, with 67.65% of the vote (11,546 votes to 5,522 for <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Gollnisch" title="Bruno Gollnisch">Bruno Gollnisch</a>),<a href="#cite_note-Marine-33">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> and Jean-Marie Le Pen became honorary chairman. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Muslim_occupation_comment">Muslim occupation comment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Muslim occupation comment">edit</a>]</div> Marine Le Pen received substantial media attention during the campaign as a result of comments, made during a speech to party members in <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> on 10 December 2010, in which she compared the use of public streets and squares in French cities (in particular rue Myrha in the <a href="/wiki/18th_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="18th arrondissement of Paris">18th arrondissement of Paris</a>) for <a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Muslim prayers</a> with the <a href="/wiki/German_military_administration_in_occupied_France_during_World_War_II" title="German military administration in occupied France during World War II">Nazi occupation of France</a>. She said: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">For those who want to talk a lot about World War II, if it's about occupation, then we could also talk about it (Muslim prayers in the streets), because that is occupation of territory ... It is an occupation of sections of the territory, of districts in which religious laws apply ... There are of course no tanks, there are no soldiers, but it is nevertheless an occupation and it weighs heavily on local residents.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a></blockquote> Her comments were much criticised. Government spokesman <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Baroin" title="François Baroin">François Baroin</a> characterized her remarks as racist and xenophobic.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Conseil_Repr%C3%A9sentatif_des_Institutions_juives_de_France" title="Conseil Représentatif des Institutions juives de France">Representative Council of French Jewish Institutions</a> (CRIF),<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> the <a href="/wiki/French_Council_of_Muslim_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="French Council of Muslim Faith">French Council of Muslim Faith</a> (CFCM)<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/International_League_against_Racism_and_Anti-Semitism" class="mw-redirect" title="International League against Racism and Anti-Semitism">International League against Racism and Anti-Semitism</a> (LICRA)<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> condemned her statement, and groups including <a href="/wiki/MRAP_(French_NGO)" class="mw-redirect" title="MRAP (French NGO)">MRAP</a> (Movement Against Racism and for Friendship between Peoples)<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_League_(France)" title="Human Rights League (France)">French Human Rights League</a> (LDH)<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> declared their intention to lodge a formal complaint. The <a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">imam</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Mosque of Paris">Great Mosque of Paris</a> and former president of the CFCM, <a href="/wiki/Dalil_Boubakeur" title="Dalil Boubakeur">Dalil Boubakeur</a>, said that, while her parallel was questionable and to be condemned, she had asked a valid question.<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> Le Pen's partner <a href="/wiki/Louis_Aliot" title="Louis Aliot">Louis Aliot</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Mahrane-34">[33]</a> a member of the FN's Executive Committee, criticized "the attempted manipulation of opinion by <a href="/wiki/Communitarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Communitarian">communitarian</a> groups and those really responsible for the current situation in France".<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> On 13 December 2010, Le Pen reasserted her statement during a press conference at the FN headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Nanterre" title="Nanterre">Nanterre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> After <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Kahn" title="Jean-François Kahn">Jean-François Kahn</a>'s comments on <a href="/wiki/BFM_TV" title="BFM TV">BFM TV</a> on 13 December 2010, she accused the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lys%C3%A9e_Palace" title="Élysée Palace">Élysée Palace</a> of organising "state manipulation" with the intention of demonizing her in public opinion.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> On 15 December 2015, a Lyon court acquitted her of "inciting hatred", ruling that her statement "did not target all of the Muslim community" and was protected "as a part of freedom of expression".<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leadership_of_the_National_Front/National_Rally_2011-2022">Leadership of the National Front/National Rally 2011-2022</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Leadership of the National Front/National Rally 2011-2022">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rebranding_of_the_National_Front">Rebranding of the National Front</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Rebranding of the National Front">edit</a>]</div> Le Pen has pursued a policy of "de-demonisation" of her party, to reform its image away from the extremism associated with her father, the former leader of the party and to increase the appeal of the party to voters. This has included policy reform and personnel replacement, including the expulsion of her own father from the party in 2015. Measures aimed at de-demonisation have included dropping all references to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> or to the <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="French colonial wars">French colonial wars</a>, which is often looked on as a generation gap.<a href="#cite_note-Gérald_Andrieu-71">[70]</a> and distancing herself from her father's views.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marine_Le_Pen_481910683_0aa38c1c25_o_d.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Marine_Le_Pen_481910683_0aa38c1c25_o_d.jpg/217px-Marine_Le_Pen_481910683_0aa38c1c25_o_d.jpg" decoding="async" width="217" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Marine_Le_Pen_481910683_0aa38c1c25_o_d.jpg/325px-Marine_Le_Pen_481910683_0aa38c1c25_o_d.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Marine_Le_Pen_481910683_0aa38c1c25_o_d.jpg/433px-Marine_Le_Pen_481910683_0aa38c1c25_o_d.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Marine Le Pen in the traditional <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeanne d'Arc">Jeanne d'Arc</a> march, 3 May 2007</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Bernard-Henri_L%C3%A9vy" title="Bernard-Henri Lévy">Bernard-Henri Lévy</a>, a strong opponent of the FN, described Le Pen's leadership of it as "far-right with a human face".<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> The measures have also attracted criticism from former allies as making the party too mainstream, abandoning long-held policies and ignoring grassroots support.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> In a 2010 <a href="/wiki/RTL_(French_radio)" title="RTL (French radio)">RTL</a> interview, Le Pen stated that her strategy was not about changing the FN's program but about showing it as it really is, instead of the image given to it by the media in the previous decades. The media and her political adversaries are accused of spreading an "unfair, wrong and caricatural" image of the National Front. She refuses the qualification of far-right or extreme-right, considering it a pejorative term: "How am I party of the extreme right? ... I don't think that our propositions are extreme propositions, whatever the subject".<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> In 2014, the American magazine <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Policy (magazine)">Foreign Policy</a> mentioned her, along with four other French people, in its list of the 100 global thinkers of the year, underlining the way she "renovated the image" of her party, which had become a model for other right-wing parties in Europe after her success in the <a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="2014 European Parliament election in France">European elections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> At a European level, she stopped the alliance built by her father with some right-wing extremist parties and refused to be part of a group with the radical <a href="/wiki/Jobbik" title="Jobbik">Jobbik</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">neo-Nazi</a> <a href="/wiki/Golden_Dawn_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Dawn (political party)">Golden Dawn</a>. Her transnational allies share the fact that they have officially condemned <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitism</a>, accepted a more liberal approach toward social matters, and are sometimes pro-Israel such as the Dutch <a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">PVV</a>. French historian Nicolas Lebourg concluded that she is looked upon as a compass for them to follow while maintaining local particularities.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> While other European populists embraced <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016">candidacy</a> in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 2016">2016 U.S. presidential election</a>, she said only, "For France, anything is better than <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>". However, on 8 November 2016, she posted a <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">tweet</a> congratulating Trump on his election.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] Her social program and her support of <a href="/wiki/SYRIZA" class="mw-redirect" title="SYRIZA">SYRIZA</a> in the <a href="/wiki/January_2015_Greek_legislative_election" title="January 2015 Greek legislative election">2015 Greek general elections</a> led <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> to declare her a far-left politician sharing some of <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_M%C3%A9lenchon" title="Jean-Luc Mélenchon">Jean-Luc Mélenchon</a>'s propositions. President <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> said she was talking "like a leaflet of the <a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">Communist Party</a>". <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Zemmour" title="Éric Zemmour">Éric Zemmour</a>, then known as a journalist for the conservative newspaper <a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a>, wrote during the <a href="/wiki/2012_French_presidential_election" title="2012 French presidential election">2012 presidential election</a> that the FN had become a left-wing party under the influence of adviser <a href="/wiki/Florian_Philippot" title="Florian Philippot">Florian Philippot</a>. She has also relaxed some political positions of the party, advocating for <a href="/wiki/Civil_union" title="Civil union">civil unions</a> for same-sex couples instead of her party's previous opposition to legal recognition of same-sex partnerships, accepting current abortion laws, and withdrawing the restitution of the death penalty from her platform.<a href="#cite_note-auto-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> Despite Le Pen's attempts to make the National Front more palatable to the international community, the party and Le Pen herself continue to attract criticism: German Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> has said she "will contribute to make other political forces stronger than the National Front";<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> Israel still holds a negative opinion of her party;<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> and former <a href="/wiki/Brexit_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Brexit Party">Brexit Party</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a> – himself a frequent critic of Islam and immigration<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> – has said, "I've never said a bad word about Marine Le Pen; I've never said a good word about her party".<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_steps_as_a_New_leader:_2011">First steps as a New leader: 2011</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: First steps as a New leader: 2011">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Banquet_des_Mille_salle_equinoxe_public.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Banquet_des_Mille_salle_equinoxe_public.jpg/220px-Banquet_des_Mille_salle_equinoxe_public.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Banquet_des_Mille_salle_equinoxe_public.jpg/330px-Banquet_des_Mille_salle_equinoxe_public.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Banquet_des_Mille_salle_equinoxe_public.jpg/440px-Banquet_des_Mille_salle_equinoxe_public.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Supporters of Marine Le Pen in 2011</figcaption></figure> As a president of the Front National, Marine Le Pen currently sits as an ex officio member among the FN Executive Office (8 members),<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> the Executive Committee (42 members)<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> and the Central Committee (3 ex officio members, 100 elected members, 20 co-opted members).<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> During her opening speech in Tours on 16 January 2011, she advocated to "restore the political framework of the national community" and to implement the <a href="/wiki/Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">direct democracy</a> which enables the "civic responsibility and the collective tie" thanks to the participation of public-spirited citizens for the decisions. The predominant political theme was the uncompromising defence of a protective and efficient <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">state</a>, which favours <a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">secularism</a>, prosperity and liberties. She also denounced the "Europe of Brussels" which "everywhere imposed the destructive principles of ultra-liberalism and <a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">free trade</a>, at the expense of public utilities, employment, social equity and even our economic growth which became within twenty years the weakest of the world".<a href="#cite_note-speechtours-91">[90]</a> After the traditional <a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a> march and Labour Day march in Paris on 1 May 2011, she gave her first speech in front of 3,000 supporters.<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> On 10 and 11 September 2011, she made her political comeback with the title "the voice of people, the spirit of France" in the convention center of <a href="/wiki/Palais_des_Congr%C3%A8s_Acropolis" title="Palais des Congrès Acropolis">Acropolis</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nice,_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Nice, France">Nice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> During her closing speech she addressed immigration, insecurity, the economic and social situation, reindustrialization and 'strong state'.<a href="#cite_note-Nice-95">[94]</a> During a demonstration held in front of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_(France)" title="Senate (France)">Senate</a> on 8 December 2011, she expressed in a speech her "firm and absolute opposition" to the <a href="/wiki/Right_of_foreigners_to_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of foreigners to vote">right of foreigners to vote</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MLPVI-96">[95]</a> She regularly held thematic press conferences<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> and interventions<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> on varied issues in French, European and international politics. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_presidential_candidacy:_2011–2012">First presidential candidacy: 2011–2012</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: First presidential candidacy: 2011–2012">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/French_presidential_election,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="French presidential election, 2012">French presidential election, 2012</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen_presidential_campaign,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Le Pen presidential campaign, 2012">Marine Le Pen presidential campaign, 2012</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Marine_Le_Pen_discours_Banquet_des_Mille_Paris_XV_10-2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Marine_Le_Pen_discours_Banquet_des_Mille_Paris_XV_10-2011.jpg/220px-Marine_Le_Pen_discours_Banquet_des_Mille_Paris_XV_10-2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Marine_Le_Pen_discours_Banquet_des_Mille_Paris_XV_10-2011.jpg/330px-Marine_Le_Pen_discours_Banquet_des_Mille_Paris_XV_10-2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Marine_Le_Pen_discours_Banquet_des_Mille_Paris_XV_10-2011.jpg/440px-Marine_Le_Pen_discours_Banquet_des_Mille_Paris_XV_10-2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Marine_Le_Pen,_chantant_la_Marseillaise_Paris_louis_maitrier_banquet_des_Mille.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Marine_Le_Pen%2C_chantant_la_Marseillaise_Paris_louis_maitrier_banquet_des_Mille.jpg/220px-Marine_Le_Pen%2C_chantant_la_Marseillaise_Paris_louis_maitrier_banquet_des_Mille.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Marine_Le_Pen%2C_chantant_la_Marseillaise_Paris_louis_maitrier_banquet_des_Mille.jpg/330px-Marine_Le_Pen%2C_chantant_la_Marseillaise_Paris_louis_maitrier_banquet_des_Mille.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Marine_Le_Pen%2C_chantant_la_Marseillaise_Paris_louis_maitrier_banquet_des_Mille.jpg/440px-Marine_Le_Pen%2C_chantant_la_Marseillaise_Paris_louis_maitrier_banquet_des_Mille.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Le Pen on 19 November 2011 in Paris announcing her presidential candidacy (top) and singing "<a href="/wiki/La_Marseillaise" title="La Marseillaise">La Marseillaise</a>" at the conclusion of her presentation (bottom)</div></div></div></div> On 16 May 2011, Marine Le Pen's presidential candidacy was unanimously approved by the FN Executive Committee.<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> On 10 and 11 September 2011, she launched her presidential campaign in <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nice-95">[94]</a> On 6 October 2011, she held a press conference to introduce the members of her presidential campaign team.<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> In a speech in Paris on 19 November 2011, Le Pen presented the main themes of her presidential campaign: sovereignty of the people and democracy, Europe, re-industrialisation and a strong state, family and education, immigration and assimilation versus <a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">communitarianism</a>, geopolitics and international politics.<a href="#cite_note-PP2012-101">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> At a press conference on 12 January 2012,<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a> she presented a detailed assessment of her presidential project,<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> and a plan to reduce France's debt.<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> At another press conference on 1 February 2012, she outlined her policies for the overseas departments and territories of France.<a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> Many observers noted her tendency to focus on economic and social issues such as globalization and delocalisations, rather than immigration or law and order, which had until then been the central issues for the FN. On 11 December 2011, she held her first campaign meeting in <a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a>,<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> and from early January to mid-April 2012, she held similar meetings each week in the major French cities. On 17 April 2012, between 6,000 and 7,000 people participated part in her final campaign meeting, held at the <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A9nith_de_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Zénith de Paris">Zenith in Paris</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a> On 13 March 2012, she announced that she had collected the 500 signatures required to take part in the presidential election.<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a> On 19 March 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Council_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional Council of France">Constitutional Council</a> approved her candidacy, and those of nine competitors.<a href="#cite_note-CCF-5">[4]</a> On 22 April 2012, she polled 17.90% (6,421,426 votes) in the first round, finishing in third position behind <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> and incumbent president <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CC2012-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-CC2012-RD-7">[6]</a> She achieved better results, in both percentage vote-share and number of votes, than her father had in the <a href="/wiki/2002_French_presidential_election" title="2002 French presidential election">2002 presidential election</a> (16.86%, 4,804,772 votes in the first round; 17.79%, 5,525,034 votes in the run-off).<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:H%C3%A9nin-Beaumont_-_Marine_Le_Pen_au_Parlement_des_Invisibles_le_dimanche_15_avril_2012_(M).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/H%C3%A9nin-Beaumont_-_Marine_Le_Pen_au_Parlement_des_Invisibles_le_dimanche_15_avril_2012_%28M%29.JPG/220px-H%C3%A9nin-Beaumont_-_Marine_Le_Pen_au_Parlement_des_Invisibles_le_dimanche_15_avril_2012_%28M%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/H%C3%A9nin-Beaumont_-_Marine_Le_Pen_au_Parlement_des_Invisibles_le_dimanche_15_avril_2012_%28M%29.JPG/330px-H%C3%A9nin-Beaumont_-_Marine_Le_Pen_au_Parlement_des_Invisibles_le_dimanche_15_avril_2012_%28M%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/H%C3%A9nin-Beaumont_-_Marine_Le_Pen_au_Parlement_des_Invisibles_le_dimanche_15_avril_2012_%28M%29.JPG/440px-H%C3%A9nin-Beaumont_-_Marine_Le_Pen_au_Parlement_des_Invisibles_le_dimanche_15_avril_2012_%28M%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Marine Le Pen during her presidential campaign, on 15 April 2012</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Pr%C3%A9sidentielle_fran%C3%A7aise_2012_premier_tour.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Pr%C3%A9sidentielle_fran%C3%A7aise_2012_premier_tour.png/220px-Pr%C3%A9sidentielle_fran%C3%A7aise_2012_premier_tour.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Pr%C3%A9sidentielle_fran%C3%A7aise_2012_premier_tour.png/330px-Pr%C3%A9sidentielle_fran%C3%A7aise_2012_premier_tour.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Pr%C3%A9sidentielle_fran%C3%A7aise_2012_premier_tour.png/440px-Pr%C3%A9sidentielle_fran%C3%A7aise_2012_premier_tour.png 2x" data-file-width="636" data-file-height="604" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">First round results in 2012: candidates with the most votes by departments (mainland France, overseas and French citizens living abroad). Marine Le Pen came first in Gard.</div></div></div></div></div> Le Pen polled first in <a href="/wiki/Gard" title="Gard">Gard</a> (25.51%, 106,646 votes), with Sarkozy and Hollande polling 24.86% (103,927 votes) and 24.11% (100,778 votes) respectively.<a href="#cite_note-CC2012-RD-7">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-MLPGard-115">[114]</a> She also came first in her municipal stronghold of Hénin-Beaumont (35.48%, 4,924 votes), where Hollande and Sarkozy polled 26.82% (3,723 votes) and 15.76% (2,187 votes) respectively.<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> She achieved her highest results east of the line from <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a> in the north to <a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a> in the south,<a href="#cite_note-BBC2012FPE-117">[116]</a> and conversely she won fewer votes in western France, especially cities such as Paris, overseas and among French citizens living abroad (5.95%, 23,995 votes).<a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a> However, she polled well in two rural departments in western France: <a href="/wiki/Orne" title="Orne">Orne</a> (20.00%, 34,757 votes)<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarthe" title="Sarthe">Sarthe</a> (19.17%, 62,516 votes).<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a> Her highest regional result was in <a href="/wiki/Picardy" title="Picardy">Picardy</a> (25.03%, 266,041 votes),<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a> her highest departmental result in <a href="/wiki/Vaucluse" title="Vaucluse">Vaucluse</a> (27.03%, 84,585 votes),<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> and her highest overseas result in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a> (15.81%, 416 votes).<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2012_French_presidential_election_-_First_round_-_Majority_vote_(Metropolitan_France,_communes).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/2012_French_presidential_election_-_First_round_-_Majority_vote_%28Metropolitan_France%2C_communes%29.svg/220px-2012_French_presidential_election_-_First_round_-_Majority_vote_%28Metropolitan_France%2C_communes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/2012_French_presidential_election_-_First_round_-_Majority_vote_%28Metropolitan_France%2C_communes%29.svg/330px-2012_French_presidential_election_-_First_round_-_Majority_vote_%28Metropolitan_France%2C_communes%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/2012_French_presidential_election_-_First_round_-_Majority_vote_%28Metropolitan_France%2C_communes%29.svg/440px-2012_French_presidential_election_-_First_round_-_Majority_vote_%28Metropolitan_France%2C_communes%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>First round results 2012: candidates with the most votes by municipalities in metropolitan France (dark gray: Marine Le Pen)</figcaption></figure> She achieved her lowest regional result in Île-de-France (12.28%, 655,926 votes),<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> her lowest departmental result in Paris (6.20%, 61,503 votes),<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> and her lowest overseas result in <a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a> (2.37%, 152 votes).<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> French sociologist Sylvain Crépon, who analysed the social and occupational groups of the FN voters in 2012, explained: "The FN vote is made up of the victims of globalisation. It is the small shopkeepers who are going under because of the economic crisis and competition from the out-of-town hypermarkets; it is low-paid workers from the private sector; the unemployed. The FN scores well among people living in poverty, who have a real fear about how to make ends meet."<a href="#cite_note-BBC2012FPE-117">[116]</a> Crépon also analysed the increase of the FN vote in "rural" areas and the recent sociological changes in these areas made up of small provincial towns and new housing-estate <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">commuter belts</a> built on the distant outskirts of the cities: "The rural underclass is no longer agricultural. It is people who have fled the big cities and the inner suburbs because they can no longer afford to live there. Many of these people will have had recent experience of living in the <a href="/wiki/Banlieue" title="Banlieue">banlieues</a> (high immigration suburbs) – and have had contact with the problems of insecurity."<a href="#cite_note-BBC2012FPE-117">[116]</a> Commentators also pointed that there were more young people and women voting for the party in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-BBC2012FPE-117">[116]</a> On 1 May 2012, during a speech delivered in Paris after the traditional Joan of Arc and Labor Day march, Le Pen refused to back either Sarkozy or Hollande in the run-off on 6 May. Addressing the party's annual rally at <a href="/wiki/Place_de_l%27Op%C3%A9ra" title="Place de l'Opéra">Place de l'Opéra</a>, she vowed to cast a blank ballot and told her supporters to vote with their conscience, saying: "Hollande and Sarkozy – neither of them will save you. On Sunday I will cast a blank <a href="/wiki/Protest_vote" title="Protest vote">protest vote</a>. I have made my choice. Each of you will make yours." Accusing both candidates of surrendering to Europe and financial markets, she asked: "Who between Francois Hollande and Nicolas Sarkozy will impose the austerity plan in the most servile way? Who will submit the best to the instructions of the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> (IMF), the <a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a> (ECB) or the European Commission?".<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electoral_results:_2012–2016">Electoral results: 2012–2016</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Electoral results: 2012–2016">edit</a>]</div> Following the increase in support for the FN in the presidential election, Le Pen announced the formation an electoral coalition to contest the <a href="/wiki/2012_French_legislative_election" title="2012 French legislative election">June 2012 parliamentary elections</a> called the <a href="/wiki/Rassemblement_bleu_Marine" title="Rassemblement bleu Marine">Blue Marine Gathering</a>. Standing as a candidate in the <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais%27_11th_constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Pas-de-Calais' 11th constituency">Pas-de-Calais' 11th constituency</a>, Le Pen won 42.36% of the vote, well ahead of the Socialist representative <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Kemel" title="Philippe Kemel">Philippe Kemel</a> (23.50%) and far-left candidate <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_M%C3%A9lenchon" title="Jean-Luc Mélenchon">Jean-Luc Mélenchon</a> (21.48%). She was defeated by Kemel in the second round with 49.86% and filed an appeal with the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Council_(France)" title="Constitutional Council (France)">Constitutional Council</a>, which was rejected despite an observation of some irregularities. Nationally, the FN had two lawmakers elected: Le Pen's niece <a href="/wiki/Marion_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Marion Maréchal">Marion Maréchal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Collard" title="Gilbert Collard">Gilbert Collard</a>. In 2014, Le Pen led the party to further electoral advances in the <a href="/wiki/2014_French_municipal_elections" title="2014 French municipal elections">municipal</a> and <a href="/wiki/2014_French_Senate_election" title="2014 French Senate election">senatorial elections</a>: eleven mayors and two senators were elected, with the FN entering the upper chamber for the first time. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lille_-_Meeting_de_Marine_Le_Pen_pour_les_%C3%A9lections_r%C3%A9gionales,_le_30_novembre_2015_%C3%A0_Lille_Grand_Palais_(39).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Lille_-_Meeting_de_Marine_Le_Pen_pour_les_%C3%A9lections_r%C3%A9gionales%2C_le_30_novembre_2015_%C3%A0_Lille_Grand_Palais_%2839%29.JPG/220px-Lille_-_Meeting_de_Marine_Le_Pen_pour_les_%C3%A9lections_r%C3%A9gionales%2C_le_30_novembre_2015_%C3%A0_Lille_Grand_Palais_%2839%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Lille_-_Meeting_de_Marine_Le_Pen_pour_les_%C3%A9lections_r%C3%A9gionales%2C_le_30_novembre_2015_%C3%A0_Lille_Grand_Palais_%2839%29.JPG/330px-Lille_-_Meeting_de_Marine_Le_Pen_pour_les_%C3%A9lections_r%C3%A9gionales%2C_le_30_novembre_2015_%C3%A0_Lille_Grand_Palais_%2839%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Lille_-_Meeting_de_Marine_Le_Pen_pour_les_%C3%A9lections_r%C3%A9gionales%2C_le_30_novembre_2015_%C3%A0_Lille_Grand_Palais_%2839%29.JPG/440px-Lille_-_Meeting_de_Marine_Le_Pen_pour_les_%C3%A9lections_r%C3%A9gionales%2C_le_30_novembre_2015_%C3%A0_Lille_Grand_Palais_%2839%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3394" /></a><figcaption>France's regional elections in 2015</figcaption></figure> On 24 May 2014, the FN received the most votes in the <a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="2014 European Parliament election in France">European elections in France</a>, with a 24.90% share. Marine Le Pen came in first place in her <a href="/wiki/North-West_France_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="North-West France (European Parliament constituency)">North-West constituency</a> with 33.60%. 25 FN representatives were elected to the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> from France. They voted against the <a href="/wiki/Juncker_Commission" title="Juncker Commission">Juncker Commission</a> when it was formed in July 2014. One year later, Le Pen announced the formation of <a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom" title="Europe of Nations and Freedom">Europe of Nations and Freedom</a>, a parliamentary grouping composed of the National Front, the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_of_Austria" title="Freedom Party of Austria">Freedom Party of Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lega_Nord" title="Lega Nord">Lega Nord</a> of Italy, the Dutch <a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">Party for Freedom</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_New_Right" title="Congress of the New Right">Congress of the New Right</a> from <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, the Flemish <a href="/wiki/Vlaams_Belang" title="Vlaams Belang">Vlaams Belang</a> of <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, and British independent MEP <a href="/wiki/Janice_Atkinson" title="Janice Atkinson">Janice Atkinson</a>, formerly of <a href="/wiki/UKIP" class="mw-redirect" title="UKIP">UKIP</a>. Le Pen's first attempt to assemble this grouping in 2014 had failed due to UKIP and the <a href="/wiki/Sweden_Democrats" title="Sweden Democrats">Sweden Democrats</a> refusing to join, as well as some controversial statements from her father, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Jean-Marie Le Pen">Jean-Marie Le Pen</a>. Le Pen sat on the commission for international trade. In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a> ranked her as the second most influential MEP after <a href="/wiki/Martin_Schulz" title="Martin Schulz">Martin Schulz</a>. In April 2015, Le Pen's father gave two interviews including controversial statements about <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and about minorities in France, causing a political crisis in the FN. Marine Le Pen organised a postal vote to ask FN members to change the party's statutes to expel her father. J-M Le Pen pursued his movement and the justice cancelled the vote. On 25 August, the FN executive office voted to expel him from the party he had founded forty years earlier. Marine's dependence on her closest adviser, <a href="/wiki/Florian_Philippot" title="Florian Philippot">Florian Philippot</a>, a former left-wing technocrat, was observed. The party instigated a purge to expel the members who had opposed the changes within the FN under Marine Le Pen's leadership. Le Pen subsequently announced her candidacy for the presidency of the regional council of <a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-France" title="Hauts-de-France">Nord-Pas-de-Calais-Picardie</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2015_French_regional_elections" title="2015 French regional elections">2015 regional elections</a>, though she expressed her regret over the proximity of these elections to the next presidential election. On 6 December, she finished first with 40.6% of the vote, but the Socialist candidate (third with 18.12%) withdrew and declared support for her right-wing opponent <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Bertrand" title="Xavier Bertrand">Xavier Bertrand</a>, who won with 57.80% of the vote. Her niece Marion also lost, under similar circumstances, by a smaller margin. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_presidential_candidacy:_2016–2017">Second presidential candidacy: 2016–2017</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Second presidential candidacy: 2016–2017">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/French_presidential_election,_2017" class="mw-redirect" title="French presidential election, 2017">French presidential election, 2017</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Leading_candidate_in_polls">Leading candidate in polls</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Leading candidate in polls">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marine_Pr%C3%A9sidente_2017.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/58/Marine_Pr%C3%A9sidente_2017.png/220px-Marine_Pr%C3%A9sidente_2017.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/58/Marine_Pr%C3%A9sidente_2017.png/330px-Marine_Pr%C3%A9sidente_2017.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/58/Marine_Pr%C3%A9sidente_2017.png/440px-Marine_Pr%C3%A9sidente_2017.png 2x" data-file-width="577" data-file-height="173" /></a><figcaption>Marine Le Pen's 2017 campaign logo</figcaption></figure> Marine Le Pen announced her candidacy for the <a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">2017 French presidential election</a> on 8 April 2016. She appointed FN Senator <a href="/wiki/David_Rachline" title="David Rachline">David Rachline</a> as her campaign manager. The FN had difficulty finding funding because of the refusal of French banks to provide credit. Instead, the FN borrowed <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a>9 million from the First Czech-Russian Bank in Moscow in 2014, despite <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> sanctions placed on Russia following the <a href="/wiki/Russian_annexation_of_Crimea_(2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian annexation of Crimea (2014)">annexation of Crimea</a>. In February 2016, the FN asked Russia for another loan, this time of €27 million, but the second loan was not paid.<a href="#cite_note-Time-128">[127]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lille_-_Meeting_de_Marine_Le_Pen_pour_l%27%C3%A9lection_pr%C3%A9sidentielle,_le_26_mars_2017_%C3%A0_Lille_Grand_Palais_(132).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Lille_-_Meeting_de_Marine_Le_Pen_pour_l%27%C3%A9lection_pr%C3%A9sidentielle%2C_le_26_mars_2017_%C3%A0_Lille_Grand_Palais_%28132%29.JPG/220px-Lille_-_Meeting_de_Marine_Le_Pen_pour_l%27%C3%A9lection_pr%C3%A9sidentielle%2C_le_26_mars_2017_%C3%A0_Lille_Grand_Palais_%28132%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Lille_-_Meeting_de_Marine_Le_Pen_pour_l%27%C3%A9lection_pr%C3%A9sidentielle%2C_le_26_mars_2017_%C3%A0_Lille_Grand_Palais_%28132%29.JPG/330px-Lille_-_Meeting_de_Marine_Le_Pen_pour_l%27%C3%A9lection_pr%C3%A9sidentielle%2C_le_26_mars_2017_%C3%A0_Lille_Grand_Palais_%28132%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Lille_-_Meeting_de_Marine_Le_Pen_pour_l%27%C3%A9lection_pr%C3%A9sidentielle%2C_le_26_mars_2017_%C3%A0_Lille_Grand_Palais_%28132%29.JPG/440px-Lille_-_Meeting_de_Marine_Le_Pen_pour_l%27%C3%A9lection_pr%C3%A9sidentielle%2C_le_26_mars_2017_%C3%A0_Lille_Grand_Palais_%28132%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>Marine Le Pen during her presidential campaign, on 26 March 2017</figcaption></figure> Political analysts suggested that Le Pen's strong position in opinion polls was due to the absence of a primary in her party (consolidating her leadership), the news of the <a href="/wiki/European_migrant_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="European migrant crisis">migrant crisis</a> and terrorist attacks in France (reinforcing her political positions) and the very right-wing campaign of <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> in the Republican primary (enlarging her themes). In a 2016 interview with the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, Le Pen said that <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s victory in the US presidential election would help her, saying that Trump had "made possible what had previously been presented as impossible".<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> However, she said she would not officially launch her campaign before February 2017, waiting for the results of the Republican and Socialist primaries, and preferred to keep a low media profile and use thematic think tanks to expand and promote her political program. As a result, her rare media appearances attracted large audiences (2.3 million viewers for Vie politique on <a href="/wiki/TF1" title="TF1">TF1</a> on 11 September 2016 and 4 million for Une ambition intime on <a href="/wiki/M6_(TV_channel)" title="M6 (TV channel)">M6</a> on 16 October). The FN's communications also received media attention: a new <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">Mitterrand</a>-inspired poster depicting her in a rural landscape with the slogan "Appeased France" was a response to surveys indicating that she remained controversial for large parts of the French electorate. Satirical treatment of this poster led to the slogan being changed to: "In the name of the people". Meanwhile, the FN logo and the name Le Pen were removed from campaign posters. Le Pen launched her candidacy on 4 and 5 February 2017 in <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, promising a referendum on France's membership of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> if she could not achieve her territorial, monetary, economic and legislative goals for the country within six months renegotiation with the EU. Her first campaign appearance on television, four days later, received the highest viewing figures on <a href="/wiki/France_2" title="France 2">France 2</a> since the previous presidential election (16.70% with 3.7 million viewers).<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a> Her 2017 presidential campaign emphasized Le Pen as a softer, feminine figure, with a blue rose as a prominent campaign symbol.<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Campaign">Campaign</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Campaign">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2017_Marine_Le_Pen_presidential_campaign" title="2017 Marine Le Pen presidential campaign">2017 Marine Le Pen presidential campaign</a></div> On 2 March 2017, the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> voted to revoke Le Pen's immunity from prosecution for tweeting violent imagery. Le Pen had tweeted an image of beheaded journalist <a href="/wiki/James_Foley_(journalist)" title="James Foley (journalist)">James Foley</a> in December 2015, which was deleted following a request from Foley's family. Le Pen also faced prosecution for allegedly spending EU Parliament funds on her own political party; the lifting of her immunity from prosecution did not apply to the ongoing investigation into the misuse of parliamentary funds by the FN.<a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marine_Le_Pen_and_Vladimir_Putin_(2017-03-24)_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Marine_Le_Pen_and_Vladimir_Putin_%282017-03-24%29_02.jpg/220px-Marine_Le_Pen_and_Vladimir_Putin_%282017-03-24%29_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Marine_Le_Pen_and_Vladimir_Putin_%282017-03-24%29_02.jpg/330px-Marine_Le_Pen_and_Vladimir_Putin_%282017-03-24%29_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Marine_Le_Pen_and_Vladimir_Putin_%282017-03-24%29_02.jpg/440px-Marine_Le_Pen_and_Vladimir_Putin_%282017-03-24%29_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>Marine Le Pen and Vladimir Putin in Moscow on 24 March 2017</figcaption></figure> Le Pen met with several incumbent heads of state including Lebanon's <a href="/wiki/Michel_Aoun" title="Michel Aoun">Michel Aoun</a>,<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a> Chad's <a href="/wiki/Idriss_D%C3%A9by" title="Idriss Déby">Idriss Déby</a>,<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> and Russia's <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> The ground floor of the building which housed Le Pen's campaign headquarters was targeted by an arson attempt during the early morning of 13 April 2017.<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> In 2017, Le Pen argued that France as a nation bore no responsibility for the <a href="/wiki/Vel%27_d%27Hiv_Roundup" title="Vel' d'Hiv Roundup">Vel' d'Hiv Roundup</a>, in which Paris policemen arrested Jewish citizens for deportation to <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Auschwitz">Auschwitz</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a>. She repeated a <a href="/wiki/Gaullism" title="Gaullism">Gaullist</a> thesis according to which France was not represented by the <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy regime</a>, but by <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Marine_Le_Pen_sparks_outrage_over_Holocaust_comments-138">[137]</a> On 20 April 2017, in the wake of <a href="/wiki/2017_shooting_of_Paris_police_officers" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 shooting of Paris police officers">a shooting targeting police officers</a> which was being treated as a suspected terrorist attack, Le Pen cancelled a planned campaign event. The next day, she called for the closure of all "extremist" mosques, a remark that was criticised by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Cazeneuve" title="Bernard Cazeneuve">Bernard Cazeneuve</a>, who accused her of attempting to "capitalise" on the incident. She also called for the expulsion of hate preachers and people on the French security services' watch list, and the revocation of their citizenship. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> said the attack could serve as "ammunition" for right-wing candidates in the election, including Le Pen.<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> On 21 April 2017, United States President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> wrote on Twitter that the shooting would have "a big effect on the presidential election."<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a> Later that day, Trump said that Le Pen was the "strongest on borders, and she's the strongest on what's been going on in France."<a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a> Meanwhile, former US President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> phoned <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> to express his support.<a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Second_round">Second round</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Second round">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89lection_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_de_2017_par_d%C3%A9partement_T1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/%C3%89lection_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_de_2017_par_d%C3%A9partement_T1.svg/220px-%C3%89lection_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_de_2017_par_d%C3%A9partement_T1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/%C3%89lection_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_de_2017_par_d%C3%A9partement_T1.svg/330px-%C3%89lection_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_de_2017_par_d%C3%A9partement_T1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/%C3%89lection_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_de_2017_par_d%C3%A9partement_T1.svg/440px-%C3%89lection_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_de_2017_par_d%C3%A9partement_T1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="476" /></a><figcaption>Results of the first round of the 2017 presidential election. Departments in which Le Pen received the largest share of the vote are shaded dark blue.</figcaption></figure> Le Pen won 21.3% of the vote (7.7 million votes) in the first round of the election on 23 April 2017, placing her second behind Macron, who received 24.0%,<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> meaning that they would face each other in the run-off on 7 May. On 24 April 2017, the day after the first round of voting, Le Pen announced that she would temporarily step down as the leader of the FN in an attempt to unite voters.<a href="#cite_note-IRISHTIMES24APR-144">[143]</a> "The President of the Republic is the president of all the French people, they must bring them all together," she said.<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] After progressing to the second round, she said that the campaign was now "a referendum for or against France" and tried to convince those voting for the hard-left candidate <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_M%C3%A9lenchon" title="Jean-Luc Mélenchon">Jean-Luc Mélenchon</a> to support her. This choice was later criticised by those in her party who believed that she had abandoned <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon">François Fillon</a>'s voters in spite of their conservative and anti-immigration stance. On 1 May 2017, a video emerged of Le Pen copying sections of a speech by Francois Fillon word-for-word.<a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a> In the first days of the second round campaign, the gap in opinion polls began to narrow. On 25 April, Le Pen went to <a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a> in an unexpected visit to meet workers at the Whirlpool factory while Macron was in a meeting with local officials at the same time, with Le Pen receiving a positive welcome. Macron then also visited the factory workers, but was booed by a hostile crowd. Le Pen was generally regarded as the loser of the televised debate between the two candidates. Her performance was strongly criticised by politicians, commentators, and members of her own party, and described as a "sabotage" by conservative journalist <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Zemmour" title="Éric Zemmour">Éric Zemmour</a>. Le Pen herself subsequently acknowledged that she had "misfired" during the debate. In the following days, she began to slip in opinion polls. On 7 May, she conceded defeat to Emmanuel Macron. Her vote share of 33.9% was lower than any polls had predicted, and was attributed to her poor performance in the debate. She immediately announced a "full transformation" of the FN in the following months.<a href="#cite_note-auto4-8">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Member_of_the_National_Assembly:_2017–present">Member of the National Assembly: 2017–present</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Member of the National Assembly: 2017–present">edit</a>]</div> On 18 May 2017, Le Pen announced that she would run as a candidate at the <a href="/wiki/2017_French_legislative_election" title="2017 French legislative election">parliamentary elections</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais%27s_11th_constituency" title="Pas-de-Calais's 11th constituency">Pas-de-Calais's 11th constituency</a>, in her fifth attempt to be elected as a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament (France)">deputy</a>. She received just under 46% of the vote in the first round, and won the second with just under 58% against Anne Roquet of <a href="/wiki/En_Marche" class="mw-redirect" title="En Marche">En Marche</a>. She became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Committee_(France)" title="Foreign Affairs Committee (France)">Foreign Affairs Committee</a> in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a>. She then resigned as a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">Member of the European Parliament</a> (MEP).<a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a> In 2019, it was reported that Le Pen no longer wants France to leave the European Union, nor for it to leave the euro currency. Instead, it was reported she and her party wants to change the EU bloc from the inside along with allied parties.<a href="#cite_note-chrisafis-148">[147]</a> On 4 July 2021, she was elected again to lead the National Rally with no opposing candidate.<a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_presidential_candidacy_and_legislative_election:_2022">Third presidential candidacy and legislative election: 2022</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Third presidential candidacy and legislative election: 2022">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Simple_2022_French_Presidential_Election_First_Round_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Simple_2022_French_Presidential_Election_First_Round_Map.svg/220px-Simple_2022_French_Presidential_Election_First_Round_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Simple_2022_French_Presidential_Election_First_Round_Map.svg/330px-Simple_2022_French_Presidential_Election_First_Round_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Simple_2022_French_Presidential_Election_First_Round_Map.svg/440px-Simple_2022_French_Presidential_Election_First_Round_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2300" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Results of the first round of the 2022 presidential election. Departments in which Le Pen received the largest share of the vote are shaded dark blue.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Simplified_2022_French_Legislative_Election_Results_Map_Second_Round.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Simplified_2022_French_Legislative_Election_Results_Map_Second_Round.svg/220px-Simplified_2022_French_Legislative_Election_Results_Map_Second_Round.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Simplified_2022_French_Legislative_Election_Results_Map_Second_Round.svg/330px-Simplified_2022_French_Legislative_Election_Results_Map_Second_Round.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Simplified_2022_French_Legislative_Election_Results_Map_Second_Round.svg/440px-Simplified_2022_French_Legislative_Election_Results_Map_Second_Round.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Results of the second round of the 2022 legislative election. Constituencies in which Le Pen's party won the election are shaded dark blue.</figcaption></figure>In January 2020, Le Pen announced her third candidacy for president of France in the <a href="/wiki/2022_French_presidential_election" title="2022 French presidential election">2022 presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pecnard_2020-150">[149]</a> On 15 January 2022, she launched her campaign. In February 2022, during Le Pen's presidential campaign, <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Ravier" title="Stéphane Ravier">Stéphane Ravier</a>, the only <a href="/wiki/Senate_(France)" title="Senate (France)">Senator</a> from her political party, publicly endorsed her far-right presidential rival <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Zemmour" title="Éric Zemmour">Éric Zemmour</a>.<a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a> During the first round of the election, Le Pen won second place, with 23.15% of the votes.<a href="#cite_note-:1-9">[8]</a> On 22 April, she participated in a televised debate against Macron.<a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a> She was defeated in a run-off against <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> on 24 April: on this occasion, she obtained 41.45% of the votes, the highest share of the vote for a nationalist candidate in French history.<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a> It was remarked that a Є10.6 million loan provided by the Hungarian bank <a href="/wiki/MKB_Bank" title="MKB Bank">MKB Bank</a> chaired by <a href="/wiki/L%C5%91rinc_M%C3%A9sz%C3%A1ros" title="Lőrinc Mészáros">Lőrinc Mészáros</a>, a close ally of <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orban" class="mw-redirect" title="Viktor Orban">Viktor Orban</a>, was used to finance her presidential campaign.<a href="#cite_note-peu5-154">[153]</a> The transaction depended on Orban to be completed; normally the bankers would not have done it.<a href="#cite_note-444hu-155">[154]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/2022_French_legislative_election" title="2022 French legislative election">2022 French legislative election</a> which followed soon after, she led her party into winning its highest number of seats in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a> since its founding, RN eventually becoming the largest opposition party in Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a> Days later, she was elected by acclamation as leader of the parliamentary National Rally party in the Assembly, a position she currently holds. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Standing_down">Standing down</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Standing down">edit</a>]</div> In November 2022 Le Pen stood down from chairing the National Rally. She was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Bardella" title="Jordan Bardella">Jordan Bardella</a> who had previously acted as the party's interim leader during her presidential campaign.<a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_positions">Political positions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Political positions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Marine_Le_Pen" title="Political positions of Marine Le Pen">Political positions of Marine Le Pen</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santiago_Abascal_y_Marine_Le_Pen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Santiago_Abascal_y_Marine_Le_Pen.jpg/220px-Santiago_Abascal_y_Marine_Le_Pen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Santiago_Abascal_y_Marine_Le_Pen.jpg/330px-Santiago_Abascal_y_Marine_Le_Pen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Santiago_Abascal_y_Marine_Le_Pen.jpg/440px-Santiago_Abascal_y_Marine_Le_Pen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7349" data-file-height="4902" /></a><figcaption>Le Pen with Spanish politician <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Abascal" title="Santiago Abascal">Santiago Abascal</a>, 28 January 2022</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marche_contre_l%27_antis%C3%A9mitisme_Paris_12-10-2023_-_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Marche_contre_l%27_antis%C3%A9mitisme_Paris_12-10-2023_-_4.jpg/220px-Marche_contre_l%27_antis%C3%A9mitisme_Paris_12-10-2023_-_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Marche_contre_l%27_antis%C3%A9mitisme_Paris_12-10-2023_-_4.jpg/330px-Marche_contre_l%27_antis%C3%A9mitisme_Paris_12-10-2023_-_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Marche_contre_l%27_antis%C3%A9mitisme_Paris_12-10-2023_-_4.jpg/440px-Marche_contre_l%27_antis%C3%A9mitisme_Paris_12-10-2023_-_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4864" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Le Pen at the <a href="/wiki/March_for_the_Republic_and_Against_Antisemitism" title="March for the Republic and Against Antisemitism">March for the Republic and Against Antisemitism</a> in Paris on 12 November 2023</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immigration_and_multiculturalism">Immigration and multiculturalism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Immigration and multiculturalism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_France" title="Immigration to France">Immigration to France</a></div> Le Pen and the RN advocate a tough line on <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Europe" title="Immigration to Europe">immigration</a>, believing that <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">multiculturalism</a> has failed,<a href="#cite_note-applauds-158">[157]</a> and oppose what they see as the "Islamisation" of France.<a href="#cite_note-nowilders-159">[158]</a> Le Pen has called for a moratorium on legal immigration.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated24-160">[159]</a> She would repeal laws allowing illegal immigrants to become legal residents,<a href="#cite_note-Nice-95">[94]</a> and has argued that benefits provided to immigrants be reduced to remove incentives for new immigrants.<a href="#cite_note-ilim-161">[160]</a> Following the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_migrant_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="European migrant crisis">European migrant crisis</a>, she called for France to withdraw from the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a> and reinstate border controls.<a href="#cite_note-schengen1-162">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-schengen2-163">[162]</a> She supports restrictions on <a href="/wiki/Ritual_slaughter" title="Ritual slaughter">ritual slaughter</a>. Le Pen took part in the <a href="/wiki/March_for_the_Republic_and_Against_Antisemitism" title="March for the Republic and Against Antisemitism">March for the Republic and Against Antisemitism</a> in Paris on 12 November 2023 in response to the <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_France" title="Antisemitism in France">rise in antisemitism</a> since the start of the <a href="/wiki/2023_Israel-Hamas_War" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Israel-Hamas War">2023 Israel-Hamas War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_policy">Economic policy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Economic policy">edit</a>]</div> On energy, Le Pen advocates a policy of <a href="/wiki/Energy_independence" title="Energy independence">energy independence</a> for France, with a strong emphasis on support for <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_France" title="Nuclear power in France">nuclear</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroelectric power">hydroelectric power</a>. Le Pen is strongly opposed to <a href="/wiki/Wind_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind energy">wind energy</a> due to its intermittency, tax burden in utility bills and impact on the landscape and built heritage. She is proposing a moratorium on new wind energy development on both sea and land from 2022 and the eventual dismantling of all current wind turbines.<a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a> Le Pen favours <a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">protectionism</a> as an alternative to <a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">free trade</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated18-41">[40]</a> She supports <a href="/wiki/Economic_nationalism" title="Economic nationalism">economic nationalism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-absorb-166">[165]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_investment_and_retail_banking" title="Separation of investment and retail banking">separation of investment and retail banking</a>,<a href="#cite_note-dexia-167">[166]</a> and energy diversification,<a href="#cite_note-marcoule-168">[167]</a> and is opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">privatization</a> of public services and <a href="/wiki/Social_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Social security">social security</a>,<a href="#cite_note-gas-169">[168]</a> speculation on international commodity markets,<a href="#cite_note-gas-169">[168]</a> and is opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Common_Agricultural_Policy" title="Common Agricultural Policy">Common Agricultural Policy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pias-170">[169]</a> Le Pen also supports maintaining France's system of <a href="/wiki/Sectoral_bargaining" class="mw-redirect" title="Sectoral bargaining">sectoral bargaining</a> and opposed Macron's reforms of the labour code.<a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a> Le Pen is opposed to <a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">globalization</a>, which she blames for various negative economic trends, and opposes <a href="/wiki/Supranationalism#Supranationalism_in_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Supranationalism">European Union supranationalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federal_Europe" title="Federal Europe">federalism</a>, instead favouring a loosely confederate 'Europe of the Nations'.<a href="#cite_note-dupes-172">[171]</a> As of 2019, she no longer advocates for France to leave the EU or euro currency;<a href="#cite_note-chrisafis-148">[147]</a> she had previously called both for France to leave the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone</a><a href="#cite_note-realproblem-173">[172]</a> and for a referendum on France leaving the EU.<a href="#cite_note-frexit-174">[173]</a> She has been a vocal opponent of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Treaty of Lisbon</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Treaty_of_Lisbon-175">[174]</a> and opposes <a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Enlargement of the European Union">EU membership</a> for <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Turkey to the European Union">Turkey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Ukraine to the European Union">Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-turkish-176">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-ukrinform.ua-177">[176]</a> She proposes the replacement of the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a><a href="#cite_note-MLPCP-178">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-MLPWDC-179">[178]</a> and the abolition of the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>.<a href="#cite_note-abolition-180">[179]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Foreign policy">edit</a>]</div> On foreign policy, Le Pen has criticised Turkish President <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a> She also criticised the privileged relations that France maintains with countries such as <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, which she said are helping to fund and arm <a href="/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism" title="Islamic fundamentalism">Islamist fundamentalists</a>,<a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a> while encouraging closer ties with the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, which she said "fight fundamentalism".<a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a> She has said to believe that <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> has been "subjugated" by the United States.<a href="#cite_note-vassal-184">[183]</a> She was strongly critical of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> policy in the region, of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern European</a> <a href="/wiki/Anti-Russian_sentiment" title="Anti-Russian sentiment">anti-Russian sentiment</a>,<a href="#cite_note-vassal-184">[183]</a> and of threatened economic sanctions.<a href="#cite_note-ukrinform.ua-177">[176]</a> In response to the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 invasion</a> of Ukraine, Le Pen criticized Russia's action despite her previous pro-Russia stance.<a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a> She advocated welcoming <a href="/wiki/2022_Ukrainian_refugee_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Ukrainian refugee crisis">Ukrainian refugees</a> fleeing the war.<a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a> She has stated that if elected she would remove France from NATO's integrated military command.<a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a> In October 2023, she condemned <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>' actions during the <a href="/wiki/2023_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a> and expressed her support to <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and its right to self-defense.<a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a> In May 2024, she officially met with an Israeli government minister for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_issues">Other issues</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Other issues">edit</a>]</div> Regarding <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">feminism</a>, Le Pen often says she identifies as a feminist in the context of defending women's rights and improving women's lives, although she is critical of what she calls "neo-feminism", which she characterises as women going to war against men.<a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_image">Media image</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Media image">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (August 2023)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_media">National media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: National media">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MARINELEPEN.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/MARINELEPEN.jpg/220px-MARINELEPEN.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/MARINELEPEN.jpg/330px-MARINELEPEN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/MARINELEPEN.jpg/440px-MARINELEPEN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1188" data-file-height="1791" /></a><figcaption>Marine Le Pen in May 2005</figcaption></figure> Le Pen's appearances on television and radio have played an important role in her political career, and her political activities are regularly covered in the French media.<a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a> During an appearance on the programme Mots croisés (Crossed Words) on <a href="/wiki/France_2" title="France 2">France 2</a> on 5 October 2009,<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a> Le Pen quoted sections of <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mitterrand" title="Frédéric Mitterrand">Frédéric Mitterrand</a>'s autobiographical novel <a href="/wiki/The_Bad_Life" title="The Bad Life">The Bad Life</a>, accusing him of having sex with underage boys and engaging in <a href="/wiki/Sex_tourism" title="Sex tourism">sex tourism</a>, and demanding his resignation as <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Culture_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Culture (France)">Minister of Culture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a> According to French political commentator <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Fourquet" title="Jérôme Fourquet">Jérôme Fourquet</a>, the Mitterrand case was Le Pen's media breakthrough.<a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a> Le Pen appeared several times on À vous de juger (You Be The Judge), a political discussion show on <a href="/wiki/France_2" title="France 2">France 2</a> hosted by journalist and commentator <a href="/wiki/Arlette_Chabot" title="Arlette Chabot">Arlette Chabot</a>. In her first appearance, on 14 January 2010, Marine Le Pen appeared opposite <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Besson" title="Éric Besson">Éric Besson</a>, Minister of Immigration, Integration, National Identity and Mutually Supportive Development.<a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marine_Le_Pen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Marine_Le_Pen.jpg/220px-Marine_Le_Pen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Marine_Le_Pen.jpg/330px-Marine_Le_Pen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Marine_Le_Pen.jpg/440px-Marine_Le_Pen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2092" data-file-height="2240" /></a><figcaption> Marine Le Pen in 2008</figcaption></figure> In her first appearance as a main guest on À vous de juger, on 9 December 2010, she was questioned on economic, social and immigration issues by Chabot and political commentator <a href="/wiki/Alain_Duhamel" title="Alain Duhamel">Alain Duhamel</a>; she then took part in debates, first with the socialist <a href="/wiki/Mayor_(France)" title="Mayor (France)">Mayor</a> of <a href="/wiki/%C3%89vry,_Essonne" title="Évry, Essonne">Évry</a> <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Valls" title="Manuel Valls">Manuel Valls</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Rachida_Dati" title="Rachida Dati">Rachida Dati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(France)" title="Ministry of Justice (France)">Minister of Justice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-200">[199]</a> The broadcast was viewed by 3,356,000 viewers (14.6% of the television audience),<a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a> the highest viewing figures for 2010 and the fourth highest since the series first aired in September 2005.<a href="#cite_note-202">[201]</a> In December 2010, French journalist Guillaume Tabard described Le Pen as the "revelation of the year", and as "first an electoral phenomenon" and "a media phenomenon after".<a href="#cite_note-203">[202]</a> À vous de juger was replaced on France 2 by Des paroles et des actes (Words and Acts), hosted by journalist and anchorman <a href="/wiki/David_Pujadas" title="David Pujadas">David Pujadas</a>. In her first appearance as a main guest on 23 June 2011, Le Pen appeared opposite <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9cile_Duflot" title="Cécile Duflot">Cécile Duflot</a>, national secretary of <a href="/wiki/The_Greens_(France)" title="The Greens (France)">The Greens</a>.<a href="#cite_note-204">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[204]</a> The broadcast was viewed by 3,582,000 viewers (15.1% of the television audience.<a href="#cite_note-206">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a> Le Pen has also appeared on Parole directe (Direct Speech) on <a href="/wiki/TF1" title="TF1">TF1</a>, hosted by <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Ferrari" title="Laurence Ferrari">Laurence Ferrari</a> and political commentator <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bachy" title="François Bachy">François Bachy</a>. Her first appearance as a sole guest on 15 September 2011 was viewed by an average of 6 million viewers (23.3% of the television audience) with a peak of 7.3 million in the second half of the programme.<a href="#cite_note-208">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[208]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_media">International media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: International media">edit</a>]</div> Le Pen has appeared in the news media of other European countries,<a href="#cite_note-guardian-32">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[209]</a> Russia,<a href="#cite_note-Kommersant-211">[210]</a> the Middle East,<a href="#cite_note-Haaretz-212">[211]</a> and the United States.<a href="#cite_note-213">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a> She appeared on <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> web-radio station Rockik in December 2008,<a href="#cite_note-215">[214]</a> <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">Radio Canada</a> in May 2010,<a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a> and the Israeli radio station 90FM in March 2011.<a href="#cite_note-217">[216]</a> In March 2011, she appeared on the front cover of <a href="/wiki/The_Weekly_Standard" title="The Weekly Standard">The Weekly Standard</a> magazine.<a href="#cite_note-218">[217]</a> She spoke to international journalists at a press conference on 13 January 2012, organised by the European American Press Club.<a href="#cite_note-219">[218]</a> On 21 April 2011, she was featured in the 2011 Time 100<a href="#cite_note-MLPTIME-21">[20]</a> with a commentary from <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Zhirinovsky" title="Vladimir Zhirinovsky">Vladimir Zhirinovsky</a>, leader of the far-right <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Russia" title="Liberal Democratic Party of Russia">Liberal Democratic Party of Russia</a> and vice chairman of the <a href="/wiki/State_Duma" title="State Duma">State Duma</a>.<a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a> In October 2011, she launched her book "Pour que vive la France" in <a href="/wiki/Verona,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Verona, Italy">Verona, Italy</a>, and met Assunta Almirante, the widow of <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Almirante" title="Giorgio Almirante">Giorgio Almirante</a>, leader of the far-right <a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Movement" title="Italian Social Movement">Italian Social Movement</a> (MSI).<a href="#cite_note-221">[220]</a> In February 2013, she spoke at the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Union_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Union Society">Cambridge Union Society</a>, the debating society of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>. Her appearance sparked controversy, with anti-fascist group <a href="/wiki/Unite_Against_Fascism" title="Unite Against Fascism">Unite Against Fascism</a> opposing her invitation on a <a href="/wiki/NUS_No_Platform_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="NUS No Platform Policy">No Platform</a> basis and organising a demonstration outside the venue, attended by around 200 people.<a href="#cite_note-222">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[222]</a> The protests were supported by numerous Cambridge societies, including <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Students%27_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University Students' Union">Cambridge University Students' Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Labour_Club" title="Cambridge University Labour Club">Cambridge University Labour Club</a>; other groups, such as the Cambridge Libertarians, supported her invitation.<a href="#cite_note-224">[223]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_issues">Legal issues</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Legal issues">edit</a>]</div> In October 2023, Le Pen was convicted of committing <a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">defamation</a> against French NGO <a href="/wiki/Cimade" title="Cimade">Cimade</a> when she accused the organization in a January 2022 television interview of being "accomplices to smugglers" and being involved in an "illegal immigration network from the <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a>" in <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>.<a href="#cite_note-defamation-225">[224]</a> She was ordered to pay €500 and to also sustain court costs.<a href="#cite_note-defamation-225">[224]</a> In December 2023, Le Pen was ordered to stand trial after she was charged with paying National Rally party officials through funds earmarked for <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> assistants.<a href="#cite_note-226">[225]</a> Twenty-seven others, including her father <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Jean-Marie Le Pen">Jean Marie</a>, will serve as her co-defendants.<a href="#cite_note-227">[226]</a> Her trial, for embezzlement of public funds, was scheduled in March 2024 to occur between 30 September and 27 November the same year.<a href="#cite_note-lem1-228">[227]</a> Le Pen claimed as a self defense that she has committed no wrongdoing. The founder of the party, Marine Le Pen’s father and a former member of the EU assembly, was also supposed to have a trial, but judges decided the 96-year-old was too fragile.<a href="#cite_note-229">[228]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elections_contested">Elections contested</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Elections contested">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (August 2023)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_elections">European elections</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: European elections">edit</a>]</div> In the <a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="2004 European Parliament election in France">2004 European Parliament election</a>, Le Pen led the FN list in the <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Île-de-France (European Parliament constituency)">Île-de-France</a> constituency. The list polled 8.58% (234,893 votes), winning one of fourteen available seats.<a href="#cite_note-230">[229]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="2009 European Parliament election in France">2009 European parliament election</a>, Le Pen led the FN list in the <a href="/wiki/North-West_France_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="North-West France (European Parliament constituency)">North-West France</a> constituency. The party polled 10.18% (253,009 votes),<a href="#cite_note-231">[230]</a> the highest FN vote share of French constituencies, and won one of the ten seats.<a href="#cite_note-232">[231]</a> The FN's constituency list received its highest regional result in <a href="/wiki/Picardy" title="Picardy">Picardy</a> (12.57%, 63,624 votes),<a href="#cite_note-233">[232]</a> its highest departmental result in <a href="/wiki/Aisne" title="Aisne">Aisne</a> (13.40%, 19,125 votes),<a href="#cite_note-234">[233]</a> and its highest municipal results in Pas-de-Calais: Hénin-Beaumont (27.92%, 1,799 votes),<a href="#cite_note-235">[234]</a> <a href="/wiki/Courcelles-l%C3%A8s-Lens" title="Courcelles-lès-Lens">Courcelles-lès-Lens</a> (26.57%),<a href="#cite_note-236">[235]</a> <a href="/wiki/Noyelles-Godault" title="Noyelles-Godault">Noyelles-Godault</a> (24.72%).<a href="#cite_note-237">[236]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliamentary_elections">Parliamentary elections</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Parliamentary elections">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Paris_in_1993">Paris in 1993</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Paris in 1993">edit</a>]</div> Le Pen first stood for parliament in the <a href="/wiki/1993_French_legislative_election" title="1993 French legislative election">1993 legislative election</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Paris%27_16th_constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris' 16th constituency">Paris' 16th constituency</a> (<a href="/wiki/17th_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="17th arrondissement of Paris">17th arrondissement of Paris</a>). She finished third with 11.10% (3,963 votes), and <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Pons" title="Bernard Pons">Bernard Pons</a> (<a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democrats_for_the_Republic" title="Union of Democrats for the Republic">UDR</a>) was re-elected as the MP with 63.14% (22,545 votes) in the first round.<a href="#cite_note-238">[237]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lens_in_2002">Lens in 2002</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Lens in 2002">edit</a>]</div> She stood in the <a href="/wiki/2002_French_legislative_election" title="2002 French legislative election">2002 election</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais%27_13th_constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Pas-de-Calais' 13th constituency">Pas-de-Calais' 13th constituency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lens,_Pas-de-Calais" title="Lens, Pas-de-Calais">Lens</a>, an economically deprived socialist stronghold. Le Pen polled 24.24% (10,228 votes) in the first round, qualifying for the run-off against socialist Jean-Claude Bois, in which Le Pen received 32.30% (12,266 votes); Bois was re-elected as the MP with 67.70% (27,510 votes).<a href="#cite_note-239">[238]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hénin-Beaumont_in_2007">Hénin-Beaumont in 2007</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Hénin-Beaumont in 2007">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marine_le_pen-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Marine_le_pen-2.jpg/220px-Marine_le_pen-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Marine_le_pen-2.jpg/330px-Marine_le_pen-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Marine_le_pen-2.jpg/440px-Marine_le_pen-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="511" data-file-height="445" /></a><figcaption>Marine Le Pen during a presidential rally in <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>, 25 February 2007</figcaption></figure> In the <a href="/wiki/2007_French_legislative_election" title="2007 French legislative election">2007 election</a>, Le Pen and her substitute <a href="/wiki/Steeve_Briois" title="Steeve Briois">Steeve Briois</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] stood for the FN in the <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais%27_14th_constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Pas-de-Calais' 14th constituency">Pas-de-Calais' 14th constituency</a>, Hénin-Beaumont, a former coal mining area with high unemployment. Le Pen expressed the view that due to unemployment, offshoring and insecurity, the constituency symbolised the major problems of France.<a href="#cite_note-240">[239]</a> Le Pen's campaign committee was led by Daniel Janssens, who had previously served for 24 years as the socialist deputy mayor of <a href="/wiki/Leforest" title="Leforest">Leforest</a>. Le Pen finished second of fourteen candidates in the first round with 24.47% (10,593 votes), behind incumbent Socialist MP <a href="/wiki/Albert_Facon" title="Albert Facon">Albert Facon</a> with 28.24% (12,221 votes).<a href="#cite_note-HB2007-241">[240]</a> Le Pen was the only FN candidate in France to qualify for the run-off.<a href="#cite_note-CEVIPOF-242">[241]</a> After the first round, Le Pen was endorsed by <a href="/wiki/Gaullism" title="Gaullism">Gaullist</a> politicians Alain Griotteray and <a href="/wiki/Michel_Caldagu%C3%A8s" title="Michel Caldaguès">Michel Caldaguès</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Souverainism" class="mw-redirect" title="Souverainism">souverainiste</a> MEP <a href="/wiki/Paul-Marie_Co%C3%BBteaux" title="Paul-Marie Coûteaux">Paul-Marie Coûteaux</a>.<a href="#cite_note-243">[242]</a> In the run-off, Le Pen received 41.65% (17,107 votes), and Facon was re-elected as the MP with 58.35% (23,965 votes).<a href="#cite_note-HB2007-241">[240]</a> Her strongest results came in Courcelles-lès-Lens (48.71%),<a href="#cite_note-244">[243]</a> Noyelles-Godault (47.85%),<a href="#cite_note-245">[244]</a> and Hénin-Beaumont (44.54%, 4,729 votes).<a href="#cite_note-246">[245]</a> According to political analysts, Le Pen's strong showing in the constituency was a result of economic and social issues like de-industrialization, unemployment and a feeling of abandonment, rather than immigration or security.<a href="#cite_note-CEVIPOF-242">[241]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hénin-Beaumont_in_2012">Hénin-Beaumont in 2012</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Hénin-Beaumont in 2012">edit</a>]</div> In the <a href="/wiki/2012_French_legislative_election" title="2012 French legislative election">2012 election</a>, Le Pen, now leader of the FN, stood in <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais%27_11th_constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Pas-de-Calais' 11th constituency">Pas-de-Calais' 11th constituency</a>, which now contained Henin-Beaumont following redistricting, where she had got her best results in the presidential election.<a href="#cite_note-247">[246]</a> Her opponents were <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Kemel" title="Philippe Kemel">Philippe Kemel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_M%C3%A9lenchon" title="Jean-Luc Mélenchon">Jean-Luc Mélenchon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-248">[247]</a> She finished first in the first round on 10 June 2012, with 42.36% (22,280 votes),<a href="#cite_note-249">[248]</a> and was defeated in the second round by Philippe Kemel. In 2014, the Criminal Court of Bethune found Marine Le Pen guilty of <a href="/wiki/Electoral_fraud" title="Electoral fraud">electoral fraud</a>, for producing and distributing flyers during the 2012 election purporting to be from electoral opponent <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_M%C3%A9lenchon" title="Jean-Luc Mélenchon">Jean-Luc Mélenchon</a>, calling for 'Arab' votes. She was ordered to pay a €10,000 fine.<a href="#cite_note-250">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-252">[251]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hénin-Beaumont_in_2017">Hénin-Beaumont in 2017</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Hénin-Beaumont in 2017">edit</a>]</div> In the <a href="/wiki/2017_French_legislative_election" title="2017 French legislative election">2017 French legislative election</a>, Le Pen once again stood in <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais%27_11th_constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Pas-de-Calais' 11th constituency">Pas-de-Calais' 11th constituency</a>. She finished first in the first round on 11 June 2017, with 46.02% (19,997 votes), and won the seat in the second round with 58.60% (22,769 votes) over Anne Roquet of <a href="/wiki/La_R%C3%A9publique_En_Marche!" class="mw-redirect" title="La République En Marche!">La République En Marche!</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hénin-Beaumont_in_2022">Hénin-Beaumont in 2022</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Hénin-Beaumont in 2022">edit</a>]</div> In the <a href="/wiki/2022_French_legislative_election" title="2022 French legislative election">2022 French legislative election</a>, Le Pen stood for re-election in <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais%27_11th_constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Pas-de-Calais' 11th constituency">Pas-de-Calais' 11th constituency</a>. She finished first in the first round on 12 June 2022, with 53.96% (21,219 votes), and won the seat again in the second round with 61.03% (22,301 votes) over <a href="/wiki/Marine_Tondelier" title="Marine Tondelier">Marine Tondelier</a> of <a href="/wiki/Europe_Ecology_%E2%80%93_The_Greens" class="mw-redirect" title="Europe Ecology – The Greens">Europe Ecology – The Greens</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hénin-Beaumont_in_2024">Hénin-Beaumont in 2024</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Hénin-Beaumont in 2024">edit</a>]</div> Le Pen once again stood for re-election in <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais%27_11th_constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Pas-de-Calais' 11th constituency">Pas-de-Calais' 11th constituency</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2024_French_legislative_election" title="2024 French legislative election">2024 French legislative election</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_elections">Regional elections</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Regional elections">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nord-Pas-de-Calais_in_1998">Nord-Pas-de-Calais in 1998</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Nord-Pas-de-Calais in 1998">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/French_regional_elections,_1998" class="mw-redirect" title="French regional elections, 1998">French regional elections, 1998</a></div> In the 1998 elections, she was included in the FN list in <a href="/wiki/Nord-Pas-de-Calais" title="Nord-Pas-de-Calais">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</a> and was a regional councillor for six years (1998–2004).<a href="#cite_note-biography-31">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Île-de-France_in_2004">Île-de-France in 2004</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Île-de-France in 2004">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/French_regional_elections,_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="French regional elections, 2004">French regional elections, 2004</a></div> In the 2004 elections, she led the FN regional list in Île-de-France and the departmental list in Hauts-de-Seine. Her list polled 12.26% (448,983 votes) in the first round and achieved 10.11% (395,565 votes) with fifteen councillors elected in the run-off.<a href="#cite_note-253">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-254">[253]</a> Le Pen led the regional group for five years, stepping down in February 2009 to concentrate on the European election campaign in the North-West France constituency.<a href="#cite_note-255">[254]</a> A member of the standing committee, she led opposition to the left-wing regional executive managed by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Huchon" title="Jean-Paul Huchon">Jean-Paul Huchon</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nord-Pas-de-Calais_in_2010">Nord-Pas-de-Calais in 2010</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Nord-Pas-de-Calais in 2010">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/French_regional_elections,_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="French regional elections, 2010">French regional elections, 2010</a></div> In the 2010 elections, Marine Le Pen led the FN regional list in Nord-Pas-de-Calais and the departmental list in Pas-de-Calais.<a href="#cite_note-256">[255]</a> In the first round, her list polled 18.31% (224.871 votes) and finished in third position in Nord-Pas-de-Calais.<a href="#cite_note-NPDC2010-257">[256]</a> In Pas-de-Calais, her list polled 19.81% (96,556 votes), ahead of the UMP (15.91%, 77,550 votes),<a href="#cite_note-PDC2010-258">[257]</a> and won by a large margin in Hénin-Beaumont (39.08%, 2,949 votes).<a href="#cite_note-HB2010-259">[258]</a> Le Pen's list achieved the second-highest result of FN regional lists in the country, behind her father Jean-Marie Le Pen's list in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, which received 20.30% (296,283 votes).<a href="#cite_note-PACA2010-260">[259]</a> In Pas-de-Calais, she received a higher share of the vote than Jean-Marie Le Pen had received in the first round of the 2002 presidential election (18.41%, 135,330 votes).<a href="#cite_note-PDC2002-261">[260]</a> In the run-off, her list polled 22.20% (301,190 votes) in Nord-Pas-de-Calais, finishing in third position.<a href="#cite_note-NPDC2010-257">[256]</a> Eighteen FN councillors were elected among the 113 of Nord-Pas-de-Calais' regional council.<a href="#cite_note-262">[261]</a> Le Pen's list had the second highest vote share of FN regional lists in France, behind Jean-Marie Le Pen's list which received 22.87% (387,374 votes) with 21 councillors elected.<a href="#cite_note-PACA2010-260">[259]</a> In Pas-de-Calais, her list polled 24.37% (130,720 votes), finishing ahead of the UMP (22.63%, 121,365 votes),<a href="#cite_note-PDC2010-258">[257]</a> and achieved its highest municipal results in Hénin-Beaumont (44.23%, 3,829 votes)<a href="#cite_note-HB2010-259">[258]</a> and Courcelles-lès-Lens (40.60%).<a href="#cite_note-263">[262]</a> Her list achieved the second-highest departmental FN result in the country behind Vaucluse (26.54%).<a href="#cite_note-264">[263]</a> Her regional vote share and the vote share in Pas-de-Calais were higher than those of Jean-Marie Le Pen in the run-off of the 2002 presidential election (21.89%, 445,357 votes;<a href="#cite_note-265">[264]</a> 22.17%, 170,967 votes).<a href="#cite_note-PDC2002-261">[260]</a> Le Pen's success in these elections reinforced her internal position within the FN. As a member of the <a href="/wiki/Standing_committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Standing committee">standing committee</a> and a president of the regional group (Front National/Gathering for the Nord-Pas-de-Calais), she led opposition to the left-wing regional executive managed by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Percheron" title="Daniel Percheron">Daniel Percheron</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Municipal_elections">Municipal elections</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Municipal elections">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marine_Le_Pen_and_Steeve_Briois_-_Henin-Beaumont-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Marine_Le_Pen_and_Steeve_Briois_-_Henin-Beaumont-2.jpg/220px-Marine_Le_Pen_and_Steeve_Briois_-_Henin-Beaumont-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Marine_Le_Pen_and_Steeve_Briois_-_Henin-Beaumont-2.jpg/330px-Marine_Le_Pen_and_Steeve_Briois_-_Henin-Beaumont-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Marine_Le_Pen_and_Steeve_Briois_-_Henin-Beaumont-2.jpg/440px-Marine_Le_Pen_and_Steeve_Briois_-_Henin-Beaumont-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>Marine Le Pen and <a href="/wiki/Steeve_Briois" title="Steeve Briois">Steeve Briois</a> holding a press conference at Hénin-Beaumont, Pas-de-Calais, for the launch of the 2008 municipal election</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hénin-Beaumont_in_2008">Hénin-Beaumont in 2008</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Hénin-Beaumont in 2008">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/French_municipal_elections,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="French municipal elections, 2008">French municipal elections, 2008</a></div> Since 2001, Gérard Dalongeville has been the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_(France)" title="Mayor (France)">Mayor</a> of Hénin-Beaumont, an economically deprived town in a former coal mining area. A municipal councillor since 1995,<a href="#cite_note-266">[265]</a> Steeve Briois led the FN list with Marine Le Pen in second position. The FN list came second with 28.53% (3,650 votes) in the first round and achieved 28.83% (3,630 votes) with five councillors elected in the run-off.<a href="#cite_note-267">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-268">[267]</a> Following the election, Briois and Le Pen sat in opposition against the re-elected <a href="/wiki/Mayor_(France)" title="Mayor (France)">mayor</a> Gérard Dalongeville and his first vice-mayor <a href="/wiki/Marie-No%C3%ABlle_Lienemann" title="Marie-Noëlle Lienemann">Marie-Noëlle Lienemann</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2009_Hénin-Beaumont_by-election">2009 Hénin-Beaumont by-election</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: 2009 Hénin-Beaumont by-election">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2009_municipal_by-election_in_H%C3%A9nin-Beaumont" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 municipal by-election in Hénin-Beaumont">2009 municipal by-election in Hénin-Beaumont</a></div>A municipal by-election was held in Hénin-Beaumont on 28 June and 5 July 2009. As in 2008, Steeve Briois was the FN top candidate with Le Pen in second position. The FN list led by a large margin after the first round, with 39.33% (4,485 votes), and received 47.62% (5,504 votes) in the run-off, with eight councillors elected,<a href="#cite_note-269">[268]</a> though the FN again failed to win the municipality.<a href="#cite_note-270">[269]</a> Briois, Le Pen and the six other FN councillors formed the opposition against the new <a href="/wiki/Mayor_(France)" title="Mayor (France)">mayor</a> Daniel Duquenne and his successor Eugène Binaisse. On 24 February 2011, Le Pen resigned as a municipal councillor because of the law on the accumulation of mandates ("<a href="/wiki/Cumul_des_mandats" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumul des mandats">cumul des mandats</a>").<a href="#cite_note-271">[270]</a> In a letter entitled "I stay in Hénin-Beaumont!", she expressed the view that her political activities would be more effective for the city at regional and European levels than in the municipal council.<a href="#cite_note-272">[271]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_mandates">Political mandates</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Political mandates">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_mandates">Local mandates</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Local mandates">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Regional councillor of Nord-Pas-de-Calais: (15 March 1998 – 28 March 2004); since 26 March 2010: member of the standing committee, leader of the FN group.</li> <li>Regional councillor of Île-de-France (28 March 2004 – 21 March 2010): member of the standing committee, leader of the FN group until February 2009.</li> <li>Municipal councillor of Hénin-Beaumont (23 March 2008 – 24 February 2011).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_mandates">European mandates</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: European mandates">edit</a>]</div> Member of the European Parliament in the Île-de-France constituency (20 July 2004 – 13 July 2009): <a href="/wiki/Non-Inscrits#Non-Inscrits_2004–2009" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Inscrits">Non-Inscrits</a> (20 July 2004 – 14 January 2007/14 November 2007 – 13 July 2009); <a href="/wiki/Identity,_Tradition,_Sovereignty" title="Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty">Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty</a> (15 January 2007 – 13 November 2007). <ul><li>Member: <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Culture_and_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on Culture and Education">Committee on Culture and Education</a> (21 July 2004 – 14 January 2007/15 January 2007 – 30 January 2007), <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Civil_Liberties,_Justice_and_Home_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs">Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs</a> (31 January 2007 – 13 July 2009), Delegation for relations with Israel (15 September 2004 – 13 March 2007/14 March 2007 – 13 July 2009)</li> <li>Substitute: <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Internal_Market_and_Consumer_Protection" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on Internal Market and Consumer Protection">Committee on Internal Market and Consumer Protection</a> (21 July 2004 – 14 January 2007/31 January 2007 – 13 July 2009), Delegation for relations with Australia and New Zealand (15 March 2007 – 13 July 2009)<a href="#cite_note-MarineEU-273">[272]</a></li></ul> Member of the European Parliament in the North-West France constituency: <a href="/wiki/Non-Inscrits#Current_Non-Inscrits_(2009–2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Inscrits">Non-Inscrits</a> (14 July 2009 – 16 June 2015); <a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom#Current_Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom_(2015-present)" title="Europe of Nations and Freedom">ENF</a> <ul><li>Member: <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Employment_and_Social_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on Employment and Social Affairs">Committee on Employment and Social Affairs</a> (since 16 July 2009), Delegation to the <a href="/wiki/ACP-EU_Joint_Parliamentary_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly">ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly</a> (since 16 September 2009)</li> <li>Substitute: <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_International_Trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on International Trade">Committee on International Trade</a> (since 16 July 2009), Delegation for relations with Canada (16 September 2009 – 14 November 2010)<a href="#cite_note-MarineEU-273">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[273]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150816145233/http://www.marinelepen.fr/wp-content/pdf/contre-flots.pdf">À contre flots</a>, Jacques Grancher, 2006 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7339-0957-6" title="Special:BookSources/2-7339-0957-6">2-7339-0957-6</a> (autobiography) (in French)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150531065323/http://www.marinelepen.fr/wp-content/pdf/pour-que-vive-la-france.pdf">Pour que vive la France</a>, Jacques Grancher, 2012, 260 pages (in French)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Jalkh" title="Jean-François Jalkh">Jean-François Jalkh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steeve_Briois" title="Steeve Briois">Steeve Briois</a> served as acting president from 25 April 2017 to 28 April 2017 and 28 April 2017 to 15 May 2017, respectively. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErlanger2010" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Erlanger" title="Steven Erlanger">Erlanger, Steven</a> (21 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/22/world/europe/22lepen.html?pagewanted=1&_r=2&sq=Marine%20Le%20Pen%20France&st=cse&scp=1">"Child of France's Far Right Prepares to Be Its Leader"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150519023846/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/22/world/europe/22lepen.html?pagewanted=1&_r=2&sq=Marine%20Le%20Pen%20France&st=cse&scp=1">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Child+of+France%27s+Far+Right+Prepares+to+Be+Its+Leader&rft.date=2010-05-21&rft.aulast=Erlanger&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F05%2F22%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F22lepen.html%3Fpagewanted%3D1%26_r%3D2%26sq%3DMarine%2520Le%2520Pen%2520France%26st%3Dcse%26scp%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarquand2010" class="citation web cs1">Marquand, Robert (25 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2010/0625/France-s-National-Front-Will-Marine-Le-Pen-take-the-reins">"France's National Front: will Marine Le Pen take the reins ?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor" title="The Christian Science Monitor">The Christian Science Monitor</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924141720/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2010/0625/France-s-National-Front-Will-Marine-Le-Pen-take-the-reins">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=France%27s+National+Front%3A+will+Marine+Le+Pen+take+the+reins+%3F&rft.date=2010-06-25&rft.aulast=Marquand&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FWorld%2FEurope%2F2010%2F0625%2FFrance-s-National-Front-Will-Marine-Le-Pen-take-the-reins&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8617647.stm">"Marine Le Pen in bid to head France's National Front"</a>. BBC News. 13 April 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110106142344/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8617647.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2011. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/conseil-constitutionnel/francais/les-decisions/acces-par-date/decisions-depuis-1959/2012/liste-candidats-2012/decision-liste-candidats-2012-du-19-mars-2012.105073.html">the original</a> on 22 April 2012. 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Retrieved 26 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2012+French+presidential+election%3A+Constitutional+Council%27s+statement+after+the+official+proclamation+of+the+results+in+the+first+round&rft.pub=Constitutional+Council&rft.date=2012-04-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conseil-constitutionnel.fr%2Fconseil-constitutionnel%2Froot%2Fbank%2Fdownload%2Fcc2012premiertourPDR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CC2012-RD-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CC2012-RD_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CC2012-RD_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CC2012-RD_7-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/conseil-constitutionnel/root/bank_mm/decisions/2012premiertourPDR/resultats-departements.pdf">"2012 French presidential election: first round results in the departments after the official proclamation by the Constitutional Council"</a> (PDF) (in French). 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Retrieved 26 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2012+French+presidential+election%3A+first+round+results+in+the+departments+after+the+official+proclamation+by+the+Constitutional+Council&rft.pub=Constitutional+council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conseil-constitutionnel.fr%2Fconseil-constitutionnel%2Froot%2Fbank_mm%2Fdecisions%2F2012premiertourPDR%2Fresultats-departements.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto4-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto4_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto4_8-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/live/2017/05/07/suivez-la-soiree-electorale-en-direct_5123713_4854003.html">"En direct, Emmanuel Macron élu président: " Je défendrai la France, ses intérêts vitaux, son image ""</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a>. 7 May 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170507173332/http://www.lemonde.fr//election-presidentielle-2017/live/2017/05/07/suivez-la-soiree-electorale-en-direct_5123713_4854003.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=En+direct%2C+Emmanuel+Macron+%C3%A9lu+pr%C3%A9sident%3A+%22+Je+d%C3%A9fendrai+la+France%2C+ses+int%C3%A9r%C3%AAts+vitaux%2C+son+image+%22&rft.date=2017-05-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Felection-presidentielle-2017%2Flive%2F2017%2F05%2F07%2Fsuivez-la-soiree-electorale-en-direct_5123713_4854003.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/france/20220410-live-follow-the-results-of-the-first-round-of-france-s-presidential-election">"Macron tops first round of French election to face Le Pen in April 24 run-off"</a>. <a href="/wiki/France24" class="mw-redirect" title="France24">France24</a>. 10 April 2022. 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NPR. 21 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180408205957/https://www.npr.org/2017/04/21/525110143/marine-le-pens-brutal-upbringing-shaped-her-worldview">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen%27s+%27Brutal%27+Upbringing+Shaped+Her+Worldview&rft.date=2017-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2017%2F04%2F21%2F525110143%2Fmarine-le-pens-brutal-upbringing-shaped-her-worldview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancetv_info2015" class="citation web cs1">Francetv info (May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.francetvinfo.fr/politique/front-national/defile-du-fn-comment-marine-le-pen-va-marginaliser-son-pere_891797.html">"Défilé du FN: comment Marine Le Pen va marginaliser son père"</a>. France Info. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170216214108/http://www.francetvinfo.fr/politique/front-national/defile-du-fn-comment-marine-le-pen-va-marginaliser-son-pere_891797.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+Info&rft.atitle=D%C3%A9fil%C3%A9+du+FN%3A+comment+Marine+Le+Pen+va+marginaliser+son+p%C3%A8re&rft.date=2015-05&rft.au=Francetv+info&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.francetvinfo.fr%2Fpolitique%2Ffront-national%2Fdefile-du-fn-comment-marine-le-pen-va-marginaliser-son-pere_891797.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfmtv.com/mediaplayer/video/l-after-rmc-jean-marie-le-pen-est-assez-marginalise-et-esseule-dans-sa-tentative-de-combattre-le-front-national-louis-aliot-805626.html">"L'after RMC: " Jean-Marie Le Pen est assez marginalisé et esseulé dans sa tentative de combattre le Front national ", Louis Aliot"</a>. Bfmtv.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170216232011/http://www.bfmtv.com/mediaplayer/video/l-after-rmc-jean-marie-le-pen-est-assez-marginalise-et-esseule-dans-sa-tentative-de-combattre-le-front-national-louis-aliot-805626.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%27after+RMC%3A+%22+Jean-Marie+Le+Pen+est+assez+marginalis%C3%A9+et+esseul%C3%A9+dans+sa+tentative+de+combattre+le+Front+national+%22%2C+Louis+Aliot&rft.pub=Bfmtv.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfmtv.com%2Fmediaplayer%2Fvideo%2Fl-after-rmc-jean-marie-le-pen-est-assez-marginalise-et-esseule-dans-sa-tentative-de-combattre-le-front-national-louis-aliot-805626.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_13-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.policy-network.net/pno_detail.aspx?ID=4358&title=The+de-demonisation+of+the+Front+National">"The de-demonisation of the Front National"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Policy_Network" title="Policy Network">Policy Network</a>. 26 March 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180831002420/http://www.policy-network.net/pno_detail.aspx?ID=4358&title=The+de-demonisation+of+the+Front+National">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2018. Retrieved 3 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Policy+Network&rft.atitle=The+de-demonisation+of+the+Front+National&rft.date=2013-03-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.policy-network.net%2Fpno_detail.aspx%3FID%3D4358%26title%3DThe%2Bde-demonisation%2Bof%2Bthe%2BFront%2BNational&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-14"><a href="#cite_ref-auto1_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfmtv.com/politique/marine-le-pen-se-prononce-pour-un-pacs-ameliore-pour-les-homosexuels-838460.html">"Marine Le Pen "pour un Pacs amélioré" pour les homosexuels"</a>. BFM TV. 6 October 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200211142238/https://www.bfmtv.com/politique/marine-le-pen-se-prononce-pour-un-pacs-ameliore-pour-les-homosexuels-838460.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen+%22pour+un+Pacs+am%C3%A9lior%C3%A9%22+pour+les+homosexuels&rft.date=2014-10-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfmtv.com%2Fpolitique%2Fmarine-le-pen-se-prononce-pour-un-pacs-ameliore-pour-les-homosexuels-838460.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-15"><a href="#cite_ref-auto2_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/elections/presidentielles/2016/12/05/35003-20161205ARTFIG00223-ivg-marion-marechal-le-pen-recadree-par-sa-tante.php">"IVG: Marion Maréchal-Le Pen recadrée par sa tante"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a>. 6 December 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190824195841/http://www.lefigaro.fr/elections/presidentielles/2016/12/05/35003-20161205ARTFIG00223-ivg-marion-marechal-le-pen-recadree-par-sa-tante.php">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2019. 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Retrieved 10 April 2022. <q>This becomes most apparent in Le Pen's views on the headscarf and the yarmulke: While some of her rivals would outlaw these in public schools, Le Pen wants to ban them in all public places. In conjunction with her opposition to ritual slaughter...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=No%2C+There+Is+No+Case+for+Le+Pen&rft.date=2017-05-01&rft.aulast=Mounk&rft.aufirst=Yascha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslate.com%2Fnews-and-politics%2F2017%2F05%2Fno-ross-douthat-there-is-no-case-for-marine-le-pen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/4627780/russia-national-front-marine-le-pen-putin/">"Why France's Marine Le Pen Is Doubling Down on Russia Support"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. 9 January 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220301052911/https://time.com/4627780/russia-national-front-marine-le-pen-putin/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2022. 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Retrieved 3 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Point&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen+fait+la+cour+aux+juifs&rft.date=2011-12-03&rft.aulast=Mahrane&rft.aufirst=Sa%C3%AFd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lepoint.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fmarine-le-pen-fait-la-cour-aux-juifs-03-12-2011-1403435_20.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowd2012" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Maureen_Dowd" title="Maureen Dowd">Dowd, Maureen</a> (6 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/06/opinion/sunday/dowd-leading-sarkozy-to-the-guillotine.html">"Leading Sarkozy to the Guillotine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180731185236/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/06/opinion/sunday/dowd-leading-sarkozy-to-the-guillotine.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Leading+Sarkozy+to+the+Guillotine&rft.date=2012-05-06&rft.aulast=Dowd&rft.aufirst=Maureen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F05%2F06%2Fopinion%2Fsunday%2Fdowd-leading-sarkozy-to-the-guillotine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117020349/http://millas.blogs.lindependant.com/archive/2010/09/13/marine-le-pen-achete-a-millas-cela-releve-de-ma-vie-privee.html">"Marine Le Pen achète à Millas : "Cela relève de ma vie privée": Millas"</a>. Millas.blogs.lindependant.com. 13 September 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://millas.blogs.lindependant.com/archive/2010/09/13/marine-le-pen-achete-a-millas-cela-releve-de-ma-vie-privee.html">the original</a> on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marine+Le+Pen+ach%C3%A8te+%C3%A0+Millas+%3A+%22Cela+rel%C3%A8ve+de+ma+vie+priv%C3%A9e%22%3A+Millas&rft.pub=Millas.blogs.lindependant.com&rft.date=2010-09-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmillas.blogs.lindependant.com%2Farchive%2F2010%2F09%2F13%2Fmarine-le-pen-achete-a-millas-cela-releve-de-ma-vie-privee.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFourestVenner2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Fourest, Caroline; Venner, Fiammetta (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9a1-tgAACAAJ">Marine Le Pen démasquée</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Grasset" title="Éditions Grasset">Éditions Grasset</a>. pp. 297–299. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-253-15635-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-253-15635-2"><bdi>978-2-253-15635-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marine+Le+Pen+d%C3%A9masqu%C3%A9e&rft.pages=297-299&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Grasset&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-2-253-15635-2&rft.aulast=Fourest&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft.au=Venner%2C+Fiammetta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9a1-tgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalet2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Malet, Jean-Baptiste (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cEt3tgAACAAJ">Derrière les lignes du front: reportages et immersions en terre d'extrême droite</a> (in French). Golias. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-35472-137-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-35472-137-4"><bdi>978-2-35472-137-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Derri%C3%A8re+les+lignes+du+front%3A+reportages+et+immersions+en+terre+d%27extr%C3%AAme+droite&rft.pub=Golias&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-2-35472-137-4&rft.aulast=Malet&rft.aufirst=Jean-Baptiste&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcEt3tgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Legislatives/elecresult__legislatives_2007">"Résultats des élections législatives 2007"</a>. Ministère de l'Intérieur (in French). French Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220413231839/https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Legislatives/elecresult__legislatives_2007/(path)/legislatives_2007/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Minist%C3%A8re+de+l%27Int%C3%A9rieur&rft.atitle=R%C3%A9sultats+des+%C3%A9lections+l%C3%A9gislatives+2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interieur.gouv.fr%2FElections%2FLes-resultats%2FLegislatives%2Felecresult__legislatives_2007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120905114801/http://www.nationspresse.info/?p=110241">"500 people were at Cuers for Marine Le Pen"</a>. Nations Presse Info (in French). 4 September 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationspresse.info/?p=110241">the original</a> on 5 September 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nations+Presse+Info&rft.atitle=500+people+were+at+Cuers+for+Marine+Le+Pen&rft.date=2010-09-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationspresse.info%2F%3Fp%3D110241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated18-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated18_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated18_41-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120906014455/http://www.nationspresse.info/?p=116192">"The 2012 great alternation is built in 2011"</a>. Nations Presse Info (in French). 15 November 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationspresse.info/?p=116192">the original</a> on 6 September 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nations+Presse+Info&rft.atitle=The+2012+great+alternation+is+built+in+2011&rft.date=2010-11-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationspresse.info%2F%3Fp%3D116192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110727110836/http://www.frontnational.com/pdf/calendrier_marine_septembre2010_janvier2011.pdf">"Timetable of Marine Le Pen's campaign trail for the 2011 Congress"</a> (PDF) (in French). <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">Front National</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontnational.com/pdf/calendrier_marine_septembre2010_janvier2011.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Timetable+of+Marine+Le+Pen%27s+campaign+trail+for+the+2011+Congress&rft.pub=Front+National&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontnational.com%2Fpdf%2Fcalendrier_marine_septembre2010_janvier2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-marinesoutiens-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-marinesoutiens_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-marinesoutiens_43-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110727110848/http://www.frontnational.com/pdf/comite-soutien-et-equipe-marinelepen2011.pdf">"Marine Le Pen's support committee"</a> (PDF) (in French). <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">Front National</a>. 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Retrieved 24 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marine+Le+Pen%27s+support+committee&rft.pub=Front+National&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontnational.com%2Fpdf%2Fcomite-soutien-et-equipe-marinelepen2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101222083041/http://briois.ublog.com/weblog/2010/12/afp-le-fn-pose-les-v%C3%A9ritables-d%C3%A9bats-de-la-pr%C3%A9sidentielle-selon-marine-le-pen.html">"AFP: according to Marine Le Pen, the FN presents the "real debates" of the presidential election"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a> (Steeve Briois' website). 20 December 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://briois.ublog.com/weblog/2010/12/afp-le-fn-pose-les-v%C3%A9ritables-d%C3%A9bats-de-la-pr%C3%A9sidentielle-selon-marine-le-pen.html">the original</a> on 22 December 2010. 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Retrieved 21 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FN+leadership%3A+Marine+Le+Pen%27s+final+meeting+at+H%C3%A9nin-Beaumont&rft.pub=Agence+France-Presse+%28Nations+Presse+Info%29&rft.date=2010-12-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationspresse.info%2F%3Fp%3D119680&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamuel2008" class="citation web cs1">Samuel, Henry (11 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/2798961/French-far-right-leader-Jean-Marie-Le-Pen-sets-retirement-date.html">"French far-right leader Jean-Marie Le Pen sets retirement date"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/2798961/French-far-right-leader-Jean-Marie-Le-Pen-sets-retirement-date.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=French+far-right+leader+Jean-Marie+Le+Pen+sets+retirement+date&rft.date=2008-09-11&rft.aulast=Samuel&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Ffrance%2F2798961%2FFrench-far-right-leader-Jean-Marie-Le-Pen-sets-retirement-date.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rmc.fr/editorial/116636/jean-marie-le-pen-soutient-sa-fille-marine-face-a-gollnisch/">"Jean-Marie Le Pen sides with his daughter Marine against Gollnisch"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Radio_Monte_Carlo" title="Radio Monte Carlo">RMC</a>. 30 June 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717135420/http://www.rmc.fr/editorial/116636/jean-marie-le-pen-soutient-sa-fille-marine-face-a-gollnisch/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jean-Marie+Le+Pen+sides+with+his+daughter+Marine+against+Gollnisch&rft.pub=RMC&rft.date=2010-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rmc.fr%2Feditorial%2F116636%2Fjean-marie-le-pen-soutient-sa-fille-marine-face-a-gollnisch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2010/10/30/01002-20101030ARTFIG00466-marine-le-pen-il-n-y-aura-pas-d-alliance-avec-l-ump.php">"Marine Le Pen: "No alliance with the UMP""</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a> (in French). 30 October 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101103095519/http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2010/10/30/01002-20101030ARTFIG00466-marine-le-pen-il-n-y-aura-pas-d-alliance-avec-l-ump.php">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2010. Retrieved 3 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen%3A+%22No+alliance+with+the+UMP%22&rft.date=2010-10-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fpolitique%2F2010%2F10%2F30%2F01002-20101030ARTFIG00466-marine-le-pen-il-n-y-aura-pas-d-alliance-avec-l-ump.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2010/10/31/marine-le-pen-refuse-l-idee-d-une-alliance-avec-l-ump_1433592_823448.html">"Marine Le Pen refuses the idea of an alliance with the UMP"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a> (in French). 31 October 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110122071456/http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2010/10/31/marine-le-pen-refuse-l-idee-d-une-alliance-avec-l-ump_1433592_823448.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2011. Retrieved 16 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen+refuses+the+idea+of+an+alliance+with+the+UMP&rft.date=2010-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fpolitique%2Farticle%2F2010%2F10%2F31%2Fmarine-le-pen-refuse-l-idee-d-une-alliance-avec-l-ump_1433592_823448.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/marine-le-pen-mightier-than-her-pre-2077569.html">"Marine Le Pen: mightier than her père?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. 13 September 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100916234549/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/marine-le-pen-mightier-than-her-pre-2077569.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen%3A+mightier+than+her+p%C3%A8re%3F&rft.date=2010-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fmarine-le-pen-mightier-than-her-pre-2077569.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPognon2008" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pognon, Olivier (28 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2008/04/28/01002-20080428ARTFIG00356-marine-le-pen-reprend-ses-distances-avec-son-pere.php">"Marine Le Pen again distances herself from her father"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110209113145/http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2008/04/28/01002-20080428ARTFIG00356-marine-le-pen-reprend-ses-distances-avec-son-pere.php">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen+again+distances+herself+from+her+father&rft.date=2008-04-28&rft.aulast=Pognon&rft.aufirst=Olivier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fpolitique%2F2008%2F04%2F28%2F01002-20080428ARTFIG00356-marine-le-pen-reprend-ses-distances-avec-son-pere.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollado2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Collado, Jérémy (18 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.fr/story/117573/michel-thooris-juifs-marine-le-pen">"Michel Thooris, l'homme qui veut faire voter les juifs pour Marine Le Pen"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170913135533/http://www.slate.fr/story/117573/michel-thooris-juifs-marine-le-pen">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2017. Retrieved 18 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=Michel+Thooris%2C+l%27homme+qui+veut+faire+voter+les+juifs+pour+Marine+Le+Pen&rft.date=2016-05-18&rft.aulast=Collado&rft.aufirst=J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.fr%2Fstory%2F117573%2Fmichel-thooris-juifs-marine-le-pen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110304072404/http://www.frontnational.com/pdf/programme-congres-tours.pdf">"Official programme of the XIVth congress of the National Front"</a> (PDF) (in French). <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">Front National</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontnational.com/pdf/programme-congres-tours.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 4 March 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+programme+of+the+XIVth+congress+of+the+National+Front&rft.pub=Front+National&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontnational.com%2Fpdf%2Fprogramme-congres-tours.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoffett2011" class="citation web cs1">Moffett, Sebastian (17 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703551604576085830320266312">"Le Pen's Daughter Takes Party Helm"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal_Europe" title="The Wall Street Journal Europe">The Wall Street Journal Europe</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518201900/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703551604576085830320266312">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 18 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal+Europe&rft.atitle=Le+Pen%27s+Daughter+Takes+Party+Helm&rft.date=2011-01-17&rft.aulast=Moffett&rft.aufirst=Sebastian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB10001424052748703551604576085830320266312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/8197895/Marine-Le-Pen-Muslims-in-France-like-Nazi-occupation.html">"Marine Le Pen: Muslims in France 'like Nazi occupation'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. 12 December 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/8197895/Marine-Le-Pen-Muslims-in-France-like-Nazi-occupation.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen%3A+Muslims+in+France+%27like+Nazi+occupation%27&rft.date=2010-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Ffrance%2F8197895%2FMarine-Le-Pen-Muslims-in-France-like-Nazi-occupation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2010/12/11/97001-20101211FILWWW00450-m-le-pen-choque-sur-les-prieres-de-rue.php">"Marine Le Pen shocks on street prayers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a> (in French). 11 December 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101214004759/http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2010/12/11/97001-20101211FILWWW00450-m-le-pen-choque-sur-les-prieres-de-rue.php">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen+shocks+on+street+prayers&rft.date=2010-12-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fflash-actu%2F2010%2F12%2F11%2F97001-20101211FILWWW00450-m-le-pen-choque-sur-les-prieres-de-rue.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2010/12/11/marine-le-pen-compare-les-prieres-de-rue-des-musulmans-a-une-occupation_1452359_823448.html">"Marine Le Pen compares the "Muslims' street prayers" to an "occupation""</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a>/<a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 11 December 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101214085733/http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2010/12/11/marine-le-pen-compare-les-prieres-de-rue-des-musulmans-a-une-occupation_1452359_823448.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen+compares+the+%22Muslims%27+street+prayers%22+to+an+%22occupation%22&rft.date=2010-12-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fpolitique%2Farticle%2F2010%2F12%2F11%2Fmarine-le-pen-compare-les-prieres-de-rue-des-musulmans-a-une-occupation_1452359_823448.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120604202812/http://www.nationspresse.info/?p=118902">"The CRIF denounces Marine Le Pen"</a>. Nations Presse Info (in French). 14 December 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationspresse.info/?p=118902">the original</a> on 4 June 2012. Retrieved 14 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nations+Presse+Info&rft.atitle=The+CRIF+denounces+Marine+Le+Pen&rft.date=2010-12-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationspresse.info%2F%3Fp%3D118902&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2010/12/11/97001-20101211FILWWW00610-marine-le-pen-propos-irresponsables.php">"Marine Le Pen: "irresponsible" words"</a>. Le Figaro (in French). 11 December 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101214010621/http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2010/12/11/97001-20101211FILWWW00610-marine-le-pen-propos-irresponsables.php">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2010. Retrieved 16 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen%3A+%22irresponsible%22+words&rft.date=2010-12-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fflash-actu%2F2010%2F12%2F11%2F97001-20101211FILWWW00610-marine-le-pen-propos-irresponsables.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2010/12/14/97001-20101214FILWWW00478-la-licra-condamne-les-propos-de-le-pen.php">"The Licra condemns Marine Le Pen's language"</a>. Le Figaro (in French). 14 December 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101216235644/http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2010/12/14/97001-20101214FILWWW00478-la-licra-condamne-les-propos-de-le-pen.php">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2010. Retrieved 16 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=The+Licra+condemns+Marine+Le+Pen%27s+language&rft.date=2010-12-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fflash-actu%2F2010%2F12%2F14%2F97001-20101214FILWWW00478-la-licra-condamne-les-propos-de-le-pen.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/actualite/politique/20101212.OBS4574/plainte-contre-marine-le-pen-pour-incitation-a-la-haine-raciale.html">"The MRAP lodges a formal complaint against Marine Le Pen for racial hatred"</a>. Le Nouvel Observateur (in French). 12 December 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101214040358/http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/actualite/politique/20101212.OBS4574/plainte-contre-marine-le-pen-pour-incitation-a-la-haine-raciale.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Nouvel+Observateur&rft.atitle=The+MRAP+lodges+a+formal+complaint+against+Marine+Le+Pen+for+racial+hatred&rft.date=2010-12-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftempsreel.nouvelobs.com%2Factualite%2Fpolitique%2F20101212.OBS4574%2Fplainte-contre-marine-le-pen-pour-incitation-a-la-haine-raciale.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2010/12/13/97001-20101213FILWWW00441-marine-le-pen-plainte-de-la-ldh.php">"Marine Le Pen: the LDH lodges a formal complaint"</a>. Le Figaro (in French). 13 December 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101216041532/http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2010/12/13/97001-20101213FILWWW00441-marine-le-pen-plainte-de-la-ldh.php">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen%3A+the+LDH+lodges+a+formal+complaint&rft.date=2010-12-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fflash-actu%2F2010%2F12%2F13%2F97001-20101213FILWWW00441-marine-le-pen-plainte-de-la-ldh.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101216225840/http://www.francesoir.fr/politique/marine-le-pen-pose-une-vraie-question.70975">"Marine Le Pen asked a valid question"</a>. France-Soir (in French). 14 December 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.francesoir.fr/politique/marine-le-pen-pose-une-vraie-question.70975">the original</a> on 16 December 2010. Retrieved 17 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France-Soir&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen+asked+a+valid+question&rft.date=2010-12-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.francesoir.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fmarine-le-pen-pose-une-vraie-question.70975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAliot2010" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Aliot" title="Louis Aliot">Aliot, Louis</a> (16 December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110408123205/http://www.frontnational.com/?p=6187">"Statement about communitarianism and those really responsible for the current situation in France"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">Front National</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontnational.com/?p=6187">the original</a> on 8 April 2011. Retrieved 17 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statement+about+communitarianism+and+those+really+responsible+for+the+current+situation+in+France&rft.pub=Front+National&rft.date=2010-12-16&rft.aulast=Aliot&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontnational.com%2F%3Fp%3D6187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110825005356/http://www.frontnational.com/?p=6164">"Our occupied streets: Marine Le Pen's press conference"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">Front National</a>. 14 December 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontnational.com/?p=6164">the original</a> on 25 August 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+occupied+streets%3A+Marine+Le+Pen%27s+press+conference&rft.pub=Front+National&rft.date=2010-12-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontnational.com%2F%3Fp%3D6164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101216010523/http://www.lepoint.fr/fil-info-reuters/marine-le-pen-persiste-et-signe-a-propos-de-l-occupation-13-12-2010-1274668_240.php">"Marine Le Pen "confirms and signs" for "the Occupation""</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Point" title="Le Point">Le Point</a> (in French). 13 December 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lepoint.fr/fil-info-reuters/marine-le-pen-persiste-et-signe-a-propos-de-l-occupation-13-12-2010-1274668_240.php">the original</a> on 16 December 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Point&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen+%22confirms+and+signs%22+for+%22the+Occupation%22&rft.date=2010-12-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lepoint.fr%2Ffil-info-reuters%2Fmarine-le-pen-persiste-et-signe-a-propos-de-l-occupation-13-12-2010-1274668_240.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationspresse.info/?p=118982">"Marine Le Pen confirms and signs"</a>. BFM TV (Nations Presse Info) (in French). 14 December 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BFM+TV+%28Nations+Presse+Info%29&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen+confirms+and+signs&rft.date=2010-12-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationspresse.info%2F%3Fp%3D118982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101219081632/http://www.frontnational.com/?p=6169">"Controversy of the street prayers. This is state manipulation: the proof !"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">Front National</a>. 14 December 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontnational.com/?p=6169">the original</a> on 19 December 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Controversy+of+the+street+prayers.+This+is+state+manipulation%3A+the+proof+%21&rft.pub=Front+National&rft.date=2010-12-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontnational.com%2F%3Fp%3D6169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120904063754/http://www.nationspresse.info/?p=118990">"Revelations: Marine Le Pen badmouthed by the Elysée"</a> (in French). BFM TV (Nations Presse Info). 14 December 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationspresse.info/?p=118990">the original</a> on 4 September 2012. Retrieved 14 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Revelations%3A+Marine+Le+Pen+badmouthed+by+the+Elys%C3%A9e&rft.pub=BFM+TV+%28Nations+Presse+Info%29&rft.date=2010-12-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationspresse.info%2F%3Fp%3D118990&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.france24.com/en/20151215-france-le-pen-acquitted-hatred">"French far-right leader Marine Le Pen acquitted of inciting hatred"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a>. 15 December 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160102225623/http://www.france24.com/en/20151215-france-le-pen-acquitted-hatred">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=French+far-right+leader+Marine+Le+Pen+acquitted+of+inciting+hatred&rft.pub=France+24&rft.date=2015-12-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20151215-france-le-pen-acquitted-hatred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gérald_Andrieu-71"><a href="#cite_ref-Gérald_Andrieu_71-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrieu2010" class="citation web cs1">Andrieu, Gérald (14 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150711062138/http://www.marianne.net/J-Fourquet-Marine-Le-Pen-a-perce-lors-de-l-affaire-Mitterrand_a191750.html">"J.Fourquet: "Marine Le Pen has irrupted during the Mitterrand scandal" (in French)"</a>. Marianne (magazine). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marianne.net/J-Fourquet-Marine-Le-Pen-a-perce-lors-de-l-affaire-Mitterrand_a191750.html">the original</a> on 11 July 2015. Retrieved 28 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Marianne+%28magazine%29&rft.atitle=J.Fourquet%3A+%22Marine+Le+Pen+has+irrupted+during+the+Mitterrand+scandal%22+%28in+French%29&rft.date=2010-04-14&rft.aulast=Andrieu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marianne.net%2FJ-Fourquet-Marine-Le-Pen-a-perce-lors-de-l-affaire-Mitterrand_a191750.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leparisien.fr/politique/marine-le-pen-les-chambres-a-gaz-ne-sont-pas-un-detail-27-03-2009-457192.php">"Marine Le Pen: "Gas chambers are not a detail of World War II""</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Parisien" title="Le Parisien">Le Parisien</a>. 27 March 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174705/http://www.leparisien.fr/politique/marine-le-pen-les-chambres-a-gaz-ne-sont-pas-un-detail-27-03-2009-457192.php">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Parisien&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen%3A+%22Gas+chambers+are+not+a+detail+of+World+War+II%22&rft.date=2009-03-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leparisien.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fmarine-le-pen-les-chambres-a-gaz-ne-sont-pas-un-detail-27-03-2009-457192.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLévy2010" class="citation web cs1">Lévy, Bernard-Henri (26 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170126114357/http://www.lepoint.fr/actualites-chroniques/2010-03-26/maintenant-marine-le-pen/989/0/438058">"Now, Marine Le Pen (in French)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Point" title="Le Point">Le Point</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lepoint.fr/actualites-chroniques/2010-03-26/maintenant-marine-le-pen/989/0/438058">the original</a> on 26 January 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Point&rft.atitle=Now%2C+Marine+Le+Pen+%28in+French%29&rft.date=2010-03-26&rft.aulast=L%C3%A9vy&rft.aufirst=Bernard-Henri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lepoint.fr%2Factualites-chroniques%2F2010-03-26%2Fmaintenant-marine-le-pen%2F989%2F0%2F438058&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20210703-france-s-far-right-marine-le-pen-under-fire-for-going-mainstream">"France's far-right Marine Le Pen under fire for going mainstream"</a>. <a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a>. 3 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220405161753/https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20210703-france-s-far-right-marine-le-pen-under-fire-for-going-mainstream">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=France%27s+far-right+Marine+Le+Pen+under+fire+for+going+mainstream&rft.pub=France+24&rft.date=2021-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Feurope%2F20210703-france-s-far-right-marine-le-pen-under-fire-for-going-mainstream&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChrisafis2011" class="citation web cs1">Chrisafis, Angelique (21 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/mar/21/marine-lepen-defends-republic">"Marine Le Pen emerges from father's shadow"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161030002744/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/mar/21/marine-lepen-defends-republic">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen+emerges+from+father%27s+shadow&rft.date=2011-03-21&rft.aulast=Chrisafis&rft.aufirst=Angelique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2011%2Fmar%2F21%2Fmarine-lepen-defends-republic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPottier2014" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pottier, Jean-Marie (26 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.fr/story/95101/francais-classement-penseurs-mondiaux">"Five Frenchmen, including Marine Le Pen, in the 2014 Foreign Policy list"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160818013409/http://www.slate.fr/story/95101/francais-classement-penseurs-mondiaux">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=Five+Frenchmen%2C+including+Marine+Le+Pen%2C+in+the+2014+Foreign+Policy+list&rft.date=2014-11-26&rft.aulast=Pottier&rft.aufirst=Jean-Marie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.fr%2Fstory%2F95101%2Ffrancais-classement-penseurs-mondiaux&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCréponDézéMayer2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Crépon, Sylvain; Dézé, Alexandre; <a href="/wiki/Nonna_Mayer" title="Nonna Mayer">Mayer, Nonna</a> (2015). Les Faux-semblants du Front national: sociologie d'un parti politique (in French). Paris, France: Presses de Sciences Po. pp. 64–65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7246-1810-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7246-1810-5"><bdi>978-2-7246-1810-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Faux-semblants+du+Front+national%3A+sociologie+d%27un+parti+politique&rft.place=Paris%2C+France&rft.pages=64-65&rft.pub=Presses+de+Sciences+Po&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-2-7246-1810-5&rft.aulast=Cr%C3%A9pon&rft.aufirst=Sylvain&rft.au=D%C3%A9z%C3%A9%2C+Alexandre&rft.au=Mayer%2C+Nonna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDomenachLebourg2016" class="citation web cs1">Domenach, Hugo; Lebourg, Nicolas (10 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lepoint.fr/politique/marine-le-pen-a-pris-le-leadership-de-l-extreme-droite-en-europe-10-10-2016-2074883_20.php">"Marine Le Pen have taken the leadership of the European far-right (in French)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Point" title="Le Point">Le Pointe</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161013162945/http://www.lepoint.fr/politique/marine-le-pen-a-pris-le-leadership-de-l-extreme-droite-en-europe-10-10-2016-2074883_20.php">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Pointe&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen+have+taken+the+leadership+of+the+European+far-right+%28in+French%29&rft.date=2016-10-10&rft.aulast=Domenach&rft.aufirst=Hugo&rft.au=Lebourg%2C+Nicolas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lepoint.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fmarine-le-pen-a-pris-le-leadership-de-l-extreme-droite-en-europe-10-10-2016-2074883_20.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/MLP_officiel/status/796235915387699200">"Marine Le Pen on Twitter"</a>. 8 November 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161110035730/https://twitter.com/MLP_officiel/status/796235915387699200">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2016. 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Retrieved 3 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1+May+march%3A+Marine+Le+Pen%27s+speech&rft.pub=Front+National&rft.date=2011-05-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontnational.com%2Fvideos%2Fdiscours-du-1er-mai-2011%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/may/1/briefing-page-briefs-971292619/">"Marine Le Pen stakes out mainstream in speech"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a>. 1 May 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110506133758/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/may/1/briefing-page-briefs-971292619/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2011. 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Retrieved 11 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Programme+of+the+%22Summer+days+Marine+2012%22&rft.pub=Front+National&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontnational.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2011%2F09%2Fprogramme-jdt-nice-2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-Nice-95">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nice_95-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nice_95-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nice_95-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171217031820/http://www.frontnational.com/videos/11-septembre-acropolis-nice-%E2%80%93-discours-de-marine-le-pen-videos/">"Speech at the "Summer days of Marine Le Pen""</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">Front National</a>. 11 September 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontnational.com/videos/11-septembre-acropolis-nice-%E2%80%93-discours-de-marine-le-pen-videos/">the original</a> on 17 December 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Speech+at+the+%22Summer+days+of+Marine+Le+Pen%22&rft.pub=Front+National&rft.date=2011-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontnational.com%2Fvideos%2F11-septembre-acropolis-nice-%25E2%2580%2593-discours-de-marine-le-pen-videos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MLPVI-96"><a href="#cite_ref-MLPVI_96-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontnational.com/2011/12/contre-le-droit-de-vote-des-etrangers-discours-de-marine-le-pen/">"Against the right of foreigners to vote: Marine Le Pen's speech"</a> (in French). Front National. 8 December 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Against+the+right+of+foreigners+to+vote%3A+Marine+Le+Pen%27s+speech&rft.pub=Front+National&rft.date=2011-12-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontnational.com%2F2011%2F12%2Fcontre-le-droit-de-vote-des-etrangers-discours-de-marine-le-pen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111127010032/http://www.frontnational.com/categorie-videos/conferences-de-presse/">"Press conferences"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">Front National</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontnational.com/categorie-videos/conferences-de-presse/">the original</a> on 27 November 2011. Retrieved 23 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+conferences&rft.pub=Front+National&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontnational.com%2Fcategorie-videos%2Fconferences-de-presse%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111127193843/http://www.frontnational.com/categorie-videos/videos-thematiques/">"Thematic videos"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">Front National</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontnational.com/categorie-videos/videos-thematiques/">the original</a> on 27 November 2011. Retrieved 23 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thematic+videos&rft.pub=Front+National&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontnational.com%2Fcategorie-videos%2Fvideos-thematiques%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2011/05/16/97001-20110516FILWWW00642-la-candidature-le-pen-validee-par-le-fn.php">"Marine Le Pen's candidacy validated by the FN"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a> (in French). Agence France-Presse. 16 May 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110627014236/http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2011/05/16/97001-20110516FILWWW00642-la-candidature-le-pen-validee-par-le-fn.php">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2011. Retrieved 23 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen%27s+candidacy+validated+by+the+FN&rft.date=2011-05-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fflash-actu%2F2011%2F05%2F16%2F97001-20110516FILWWW00642-la-candidature-le-pen-validee-par-le-fn.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111111124502/http://www.frontnational.com/videos/marine-le-pen-presentation-de-son-equipe-de-campagne-presidentielle/">"Marine Le Pen: presentation of her presidential campaign team"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">Front National</a>. 6 October 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontnational.com/videos/marine-le-pen-presentation-de-son-equipe-de-campagne-presidentielle/">the original</a> on 11 November 2011. Retrieved 9 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marine+Le+Pen%3A+presentation+of+her+presidential+campaign+team&rft.pub=Front+National&rft.date=2011-10-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontnational.com%2Fvideos%2Fmarine-le-pen-presentation-de-son-equipe-de-campagne-presidentielle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PP2012-101"><a href="#cite_ref-PP2012_101-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontnational.com/videos/presentation-du-projet-presidentiel-de-marine-le-pen/">"Marine Le Pen's speech: presentation of her presidential project"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">Front National</a>. 19 November 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111125161323/http://www.frontnational.com/videos/presentation-du-projet-presidentiel-de-marine-le-pen/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 November 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marine+Le+Pen%27s+speech%3A+presentation+of+her+presidential+project&rft.pub=Front+National&rft.date=2011-11-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontnational.com%2Fvideos%2Fpresentation-du-projet-presidentiel-de-marine-le-pen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212154946/http://news.monstersandcritics.com/europe/news/article_1676242.php/French-far-right-leader-Le-Pen-unveils-presidential-programme">"French far-right leader Le Pen unveils presidential programme"</a>. Monsters and Critics. 19 November 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.monstersandcritics.com/europe/news/article_1676242.php/French-far-right-leader-Le-Pen-unveils-presidential-programme">the original</a> on 12 February 2012. Retrieved 9 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Monsters+and+Critics&rft.atitle=French+far-right+leader+Le+Pen+unveils+presidential+programme&rft.date=2011-11-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.monstersandcritics.com%2Feurope%2Fnews%2Farticle_1676242.php%2FFrench-far-right-leader-Le-Pen-unveils-presidential-programme&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThibault_Leroux2011" class="citation web cs1">Thibault Leroux (19 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/11/19/marine-le-pen-euro_n_1103099.html?ref=world">"Marine Le Pen, France Far-Right Presidential Candidate, Advocates Euro Exit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130812205804/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/11/19/marine-le-pen-euro_n_1103099.html?ref=world">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen%2C+France+Far-Right+Presidential+Candidate%2C+Advocates+Euro+Exit&rft.date=2011-11-19&rft.au=Thibault+Leroux&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2011%2F11%2F19%2Fmarine-le-pen-euro_n_1103099.html%3Fref%3Dworld&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120113045545/http://lci.tf1.fr/politique/entre-bonnes-et-mauvaises-depenses-marine-le-pen-chiffre-son-6933823.html">"Between "good" and "bad" expenditures, Marine Le Pen assesses her project"</a>. <a href="/wiki/La_Cha%C3%AEne_Info" title="La Chaîne Info">LCI</a> (in French). 12 January 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lci.tf1.fr/politique/entre-bonnes-et-mauvaises-depenses-marine-le-pen-chiffre-son-6933823.html">the original</a> on 13 January 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LCI&rft.atitle=Between+%22good%22+and+%22bad%22+expenditures%2C+Marine+Le+Pen+assesses+her+project&rft.date=2012-01-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flci.tf1.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fentre-bonnes-et-mauvaises-depenses-marine-le-pen-chiffre-son-6933823.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120115024934/http://www.frontnational.com/videos/chiffrage-du-projet-presidentiel/">"Assessment of the presidential project"</a> (in French). Front National. 12 January 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontnational.com/videos/chiffrage-du-projet-presidentiel/">the original</a> on 15 January 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Assessment+of+the+presidential+project&rft.pub=Front+National&rft.date=2011-01-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontnational.com%2Fvideos%2Fchiffrage-du-projet-presidentiel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180424020331/http://www.frontnational.com/le-plan-de-desendettement-2013-de-la-france/">"Plan of debt paydown of France"</a> (in French). Front National. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontnational.com/le-plan-de-desendettement-2013-de-la-france/">the original</a> on 24 April 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Plan+of+debt+paydown+of+France&rft.pub=Front+National&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontnational.com%2Fle-plan-de-desendettement-2013-de-la-france%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontnational.com/videos/presentation-du-projet-presidentiel-pour-loutre-mer-questions-des-journalistes/">"Presentation of the presidential project for overseas"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">Front National</a>. 1 February 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120205043103/http://www.frontnational.com/videos/presentation-du-projet-presidentiel-pour-loutre-mer-questions-des-journalistes/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2012. Retrieved 6 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Presentation+of+the+presidential+project+for+overseas&rft.pub=Front+National&rft.date=2012-02-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontnational.com%2Fvideos%2Fpresentation-du-projet-presidentiel-pour-loutre-mer-questions-des-journalistes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130123153447/http://www.frontnational.com/2011/12/meeting-a-metz-discours-de-cloture-de-marine-le-pen/">"Meeting in Metz: Marine Le Pen's closing speech"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">Front National</a> (in French). 12 December 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontnational.com/2011/12/meeting-a-metz-discours-de-cloture-de-marine-le-pen/">the original</a> on 23 January 2013. Retrieved 12 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Front+National&rft.atitle=Meeting+in+Metz%3A+Marine+Le+Pen%27s+closing+speech&rft.date=2011-12-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontnational.com%2F2011%2F12%2Fmeeting-a-metz-discours-de-cloture-de-marine-le-pen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111211231022/http://lci.tf1.fr/politique/en-lorraine-marine-le-pen-veut-faire-entendre-la-voix-des-oublies-6871620.html">"In Lorraine, Marine Le Pen wants to make listen the voice of "forgotten" people"</a>. <a href="/wiki/La_Cha%C3%AEne_Info" title="La Chaîne Info">La Chaîne Info</a> (LCI, The News Channel) (in French). 11 December 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lci.tf1.fr/politique/en-lorraine-marine-le-pen-veut-faire-entendre-la-voix-des-oublies-6871620.html">the original</a> on 11 December 2011. Retrieved 12 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Cha%C3%AEne+Info+%28LCI%2C+The+News+Channel%29&rft.atitle=In+Lorraine%2C+Marine+Le+Pen+wants+to+make+listen+the+voice+of+%22forgotten%22+people&rft.date=2011-12-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flci.tf1.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fen-lorraine-marine-le-pen-veut-faire-entendre-la-voix-des-oublies-6871620.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontnational.com/videos/grand-meeting-de-marine-le-pen-au-zenith-a-paris/">"Marine Le Pen's big meeting at the Zenith in Paris"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">Front National</a>. 17 April 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120422105532/http://www.frontnational.com/videos/grand-meeting-de-marine-le-pen-au-zenith-a-paris/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marine+Le+Pen%27s+big+meeting+at+the+Zenith+in+Paris&rft.pub=Front+National&rft.date=2012-04-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontnational.com%2Fvideos%2Fgrand-meeting-de-marine-le-pen-au-zenith-a-paris%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elections.lefigaro.fr/presidentielle-2012/2012/04/17/01039-20120417ARTFIG00687-le-pen-veut-leur-montrer-qu-ils-ont-tort.php">"Le Pen wants "show them that they are wrong""</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a> (in French). 18 April 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120422000356/http://elections.lefigaro.fr/presidentielle-2012/2012/04/17/01039-20120417ARTFIG00687-le-pen-veut-leur-montrer-qu-ils-ont-tort.php">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Le+Pen+wants+%22show+them+that+they+are+wrong%22&rft.date=2012-04-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felections.lefigaro.fr%2Fpresidentielle-2012%2F2012%2F04%2F17%2F01039-20120417ARTFIG00687-le-pen-veut-leur-montrer-qu-ils-ont-tort.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lepoint.fr/politique/election-presidentielle-2012/marine-le-pen-affirme-avoir-500-signatures-13-03-2012-1440634_324.php">"Marine Le Pen gets (at last) her 500 endorsements"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Point" title="Le Point">Le Pointe</a> (in French). 13 March 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120317164903/http://www.lepoint.fr/politique/election-presidentielle-2012/marine-le-pen-affirme-avoir-500-signatures-13-03-2012-1440634_324.php">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Pointe&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen+gets+%28at+last%29+her+500+endorsements&rft.date=2012-03-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lepoint.fr%2Fpolitique%2Felection-presidentielle-2012%2Fmarine-le-pen-affirme-avoir-500-signatures-13-03-2012-1440634_324.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lepoint.fr/politique/election-presidentielle-2012/marine-le-pen-acte-ii-13-03-2012-1440781_324.php">"Endorsements – Marine Le Pen, Act II"</a>. Le Point (in French). 13 March 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120316220306/http://www.lepoint.fr/politique/election-presidentielle-2012/marine-le-pen-acte-ii-13-03-2012-1440781_324.php">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Point&rft.atitle=Endorsements+%E2%80%93+Marine+Le+Pen%2C+Act+II&rft.date=2012-03-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lepoint.fr%2Fpolitique%2Felection-presidentielle-2012%2Fmarine-le-pen-acte-ii-13-03-2012-1440781_324.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425214414/http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/PR2002/FE.html">"2002 French presidential election: national results (first round and run-off)"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/PR2002/FE.html">the original</a> on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 24 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2002+French+presidential+election%3A+national+results+%28first+round+and+run-off%29&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interieur.gouv.fr%2Fa_votre_service%2Fresultats-elections%2FPR2002%2FFE.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MLPGard-115"><a href="#cite_ref-MLPGard_115-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elections.interieur.gouv.fr/PR2012/091/030/index.html">"2012 French presidential election: first round results in Gard"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120424220402/http://elections.interieur.gouv.fr/PR2012/091/030/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2012+French+presidential+election%3A+first+round+results+in+Gard&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felections.interieur.gouv.fr%2FPR2012%2F091%2F030%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elections.interieur.gouv.fr/PR2012/031/062/062427.html">"2012 French presidential election: first round results in Hénin-Beaumont"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120424223739/http://elections.interieur.gouv.fr/PR2012/031/062/062427.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2012+French+presidential+election%3A+first+round+results+in+H%C3%A9nin-Beaumont&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felections.interieur.gouv.fr%2FPR2012%2F031%2F062%2F062427.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC2012FPE-117">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC2012FPE_117-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC2012FPE_117-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC2012FPE_117-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC2012FPE_117-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHugh_Schofield2012" class="citation news cs1">Hugh Schofield (24 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17824436">"What next for Marine Le Pen's National Front?"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120502192220/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17824436">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=What+next+for+Marine+Le+Pen%27s+National+Front%3F&rft.date=2012-04-24&rft.au=Hugh+Schofield&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-17824436&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elections.interieur.gouv.fr/PR2012/000/099/index.html">"2012 French presidential election: first round results among the French citizens living abroad"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425204353/http://elections.interieur.gouv.fr/PR2012/000/099/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2012+French+presidential+election%3A+first+round+results+among+the+French+citizens+living+abroad&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felections.interieur.gouv.fr%2FPR2012%2F000%2F099%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elections.interieur.gouv.fr/PR2012/025/061/index.html">"2012 French presidential election: first round results in Orne"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120424230648/http://elections.interieur.gouv.fr/PR2012/025/061/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2012+French+presidential+election%3A+first+round+results+in+Orne&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felections.interieur.gouv.fr%2FPR2012%2F025%2F061%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elections.interieur.gouv.fr/PR2012/052/072/index.html">"2012 French presidential election: first round results in Sarthe"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120424220128/http://elections.interieur.gouv.fr/PR2012/052/072/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2012+French+presidential+election%3A+first+round+results+in+Sarthe&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felections.interieur.gouv.fr%2FPR2012%2F052%2F072%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elections.interieur.gouv.fr/PR2012/022/022.html">"2012 French presidential election: first round results in Picardy"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120424223657/http://elections.interieur.gouv.fr/PR2012/022/022.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2012+French+presidential+election%3A+first+round+results+in+Picardy&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felections.interieur.gouv.fr%2FPR2012%2F022%2F022.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elections.interieur.gouv.fr/PR2012/093/084/index.html">"2012 French presidential election: first round results in Vaucluse"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120424220428/http://elections.interieur.gouv.fr/PR2012/093/084/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2012+French+presidential+election%3A+first+round+results+in+Vaucluse&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felections.interieur.gouv.fr%2FPR2012%2F093%2F084%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elections.interieur.gouv.fr/PR2012/000/975/index.html">"2012 French presidential election: first round results in Saint Pierre and Miquelon"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120424215824/http://elections.interieur.gouv.fr/PR2012/000/975/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2012+French+presidential+election%3A+first+round+results+in+Saint+Pierre+and+Miquelon&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felections.interieur.gouv.fr%2FPR2012%2F000%2F975%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elections.interieur.gouv.fr/PR2012/011/011.html">"2012 French presidential election: first round results in Île-de-France"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425213000/http://elections.interieur.gouv.fr/PR2012/011/011.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2012+French+presidential+election%3A+first+round+results+in+%C3%8Ele-de-France&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felections.interieur.gouv.fr%2FPR2012%2F011%2F011.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elections.interieur.gouv.fr/PR2012/011/075/index.html">"2012 French presidential election: first round results in Paris"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425204529/http://elections.interieur.gouv.fr/PR2012/011/075/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2012+French+presidential+election%3A+first+round+results+in+Paris&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felections.interieur.gouv.fr%2FPR2012%2F011%2F075%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elections.interieur.gouv.fr/PR2012/000/986/index.html">"2012 French presidential election: first round results in Wallis and Futuna"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120424215834/http://elections.interieur.gouv.fr/PR2012/000/986/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2012+French+presidential+election%3A+first+round+results+in+Wallis+and+Futuna&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felections.interieur.gouv.fr%2FPR2012%2F000%2F986%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17906203">"France election: Le Pen 'to cast blank vote' in run-off"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 1 May 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120502000733/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17906203">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2012. 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Retrieved 6 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen+accused+of+plagiarising+Fillon+in+May+Day+speech&rft.date=2017-05-02&rft.aulast=Willsher&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Fmay%2F02%2Fmarine-le-pen-francois-fillon-phrases-may-day-speech&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRebecca_Flood2017" class="citation news cs1">Rebecca Flood (18 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/818570/Marine-Le-Pen-French-election-seat-parliament-Emmanuel-Macron">"Marine Le Pen elected to French parliament in her fifth attempt"</a>. 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Front National. 10 June 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontnational.com/videos/protections-aux-frontieres-comment-relancer-l%E2%80%99industrie-et-l%E2%80%99emploi/">the original</a> on 7 November 2017. 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The Times of Israel. 29 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=In+snap+election%2C+many+French+Jews+reluctantly+endorse+far+right+over+dreaded+far+left&rft.date=2024-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fin-snap-election-many-french-jews-reluctantly-endorse-far-right-over-dreaded-far-left%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDjamshidiEtchegoin2022" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Djamshidi, Ava; Etchegoin, Marie-France (9 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elle.fr/Societe/News/Marine-Le-Pen-face-a-ELLE-Je-suis-contre-toutes-les-deconstructions-4007525">"Marine Le Pen face à ELLE: « Je suis contre toutes les déconstructions »"</a>. ELLE France (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220321035309/https://www.elle.fr/Societe/News/Marine-Le-Pen-face-a-ELLE-Je-suis-contre-toutes-les-deconstructions-4007525">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ELLE+France&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen+face+%C3%A0+ELLE%3A+%C2%AB+Je+suis+contre+toutes+les+d%C3%A9constructions+%C2%BB&rft.date=2022-03-09&rft.aulast=Djamshidi&rft.aufirst=Ava&rft.au=Etchegoin%2C+Marie-France&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elle.fr%2FSociete%2FNews%2FMarine-Le-Pen-face-a-ELLE-Je-suis-contre-toutes-les-deconstructions-4007525&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMLP_officiel2021" class="citation web cs1">@MLP_officiel (11 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/MLP_officiel/status/1370121268884869124">"📹 « OUI je suis féministe, mais pas néo-féministe. Je n'exprime pas d'hostilité à l'égard des hommes. Nous devons construire une société du respect. Les hommes sont des partenaires, pas des ennemis. #FaceÀBFM »"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%F0%9F%93%B9+%C2%AB+OUI+je+suis+f%C3%A9ministe%2C+mais+pas+n%C3%A9o-f%C3%A9ministe.+Je+n%27exprime+pas+d%27hostilit%C3%A9+%C3%A0+l%27%C3%A9gard+des+hommes.+Nous+devons+construire+une+soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+du+respect.+Les+hommes+sont+des+partenaires%2C+pas+des+ennemis.+%23Face%C3%80BFM+%C2%BB&rft.date=2021-03-11&rft.au=MLP_officiel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FMLP_officiel%2Fstatus%2F1370121268884869124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilippe_Cohen2010" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Philippe Cohen (31 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101108110948/http://www.marianne2.fr/Marine-Le-Pen_a195910.html">"Marine Le Pen"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Marianne_(magazine)" title="Marianne (magazine)">Marianne</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marianne2.fr/Marine-Le-Pen_a195910.html">the original</a> on 8 November 2010. Retrieved 19 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Marianne&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen&rft.date=2010-07-31&rft.au=Philippe+Cohen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marianne2.fr%2FMarine-Le-Pen_a195910.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichèle_Cotta2010" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Michèle Cotta (24 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lenouveleconomiste.fr/ennemie-n-des-partis-politiques-francais-3407/">"The arch-enemy of the French political parties"</a>. Le Nouvel Économiste (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120430193842/http://www.lenouveleconomiste.fr/ennemie-n-des-partis-politiques-francais-3407/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Nouvel+%C3%89conomiste&rft.atitle=The+arch-enemy+of+the+French+political+parties&rft.date=2010-08-24&rft.au=Mich%C3%A8le+Cotta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lenouveleconomiste.fr%2Fennemie-n-des-partis-politiques-francais-3407%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170517133948/http://www.frontnational.com/?p=1784">"Marine Le Pen during the Mots croisés programme on France 2 (Theme: sex crimes – How to prevent subsequent offences ?)"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">Front National</a>. 8 October 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontnational.com/?p=1784">the original</a> on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marine+Le+Pen+during+the+Mots+crois%C3%A9s+programme+on+France+2+%28Theme%3A+sex+crimes+%E2%80%93+How+to+prevent+subsequent+offences+%3F%29&rft.pub=Front+National&rft.date=2009-10-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontnational.com%2F%3Fp%3D1784&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry_Samuel2009" class="citation web cs1">Henry Samuel (7 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/6270217/Frederic-Mitterrand-admitted-to-paying-for-sex-with-young-boys-in-Thailand.html">"Frédéric Mitterrand admitted to paying for sex with 'young boys' in Thailand"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/6270217/Frederic-Mitterrand-admitted-to-paying-for-sex-with-young-boys-in-Thailand.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric+Mitterrand+admitted+to+paying+for+sex+with+%27young+boys%27+in+Thailand&rft.date=2009-10-07&rft.au=Henry+Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Ffrance%2F6270217%2FFrederic-Mitterrand-admitted-to-paying-for-sex-with-young-boys-in-Thailand.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Lichfield2009" class="citation news cs1">John Lichfield (8 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/mitterrand-fights-for-his-job-after-rent-boy-admission-1799299.html">"Mitterrand fights for his job after rent boy admission"</a>. The Independent. UK. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110610150556/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/mitterrand-fights-for-his-job-after-rent-boy-admission-1799299.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Mitterrand+fights+for+his+job+after+rent+boy+admission&rft.date=2009-10-08&rft.au=John+Lichfield&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fmitterrand-fights-for-his-job-after-rent-boy-admission-1799299.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721105545/http://www.marianne2.fr/J-Fourquet-Marine-Le-Pen-a-perce-lors-de-l-affaire-Mitterrand_a191750.html">"J. Fourquet: "Marine Le Pen has broken through the Mitterrand case""</a>. <a href="/wiki/Marianne_(magazine)" title="Marianne (magazine)">Marianne</a> (in French). 14 April 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marianne2.fr/J-Fourquet-Marine-Le-Pen-a-perce-lors-de-l-affaire-Mitterrand_a191750.html">the original</a> on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Marianne&rft.atitle=J.+Fourquet%3A+%22Marine+Le+Pen+has+broken+through+the+Mitterrand+case%22&rft.date=2010-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marianne2.fr%2FJ-Fourquet-Marine-Le-Pen-a-perce-lors-de-l-affaire-Mitterrand_a191750.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontnational.com/?p=3513">"À vous de juger: debate between Marine Le Pen and Éric Besson"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">Front National</a>. 15 January 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927131011/http://www.frontnational.com/?p=3513">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 27 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C3%80+vous+de+juger%3A+debate+between+Marine+Le+Pen+and+%C3%89ric+Besson&rft.pub=Front+National&rft.date=2010-01-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontnational.com%2F%3Fp%3D3513&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110907010858/http://www.frontnational.com/?p=6150">"Marine Le Pen in À vous de juger: replies to Arlette Chabot (1st part), replies to Alain Duhamel (2nd part), talks with Manuel Valls (3rd part), debate with Rachida Dati (4th part)"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">Front National</a>. 10 December 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontnational.com/?p=6150">the original</a> on 7 September 2011. Retrieved 20 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marine+Le+Pen+in+%C3%80+vous+de+juger%3A+replies+to+Arlette+Chabot+%281st+part%29%2C+replies+to+Alain+Duhamel+%282nd+part%29%2C+talks+with+Manuel+Valls+%283rd+part%29%2C+debate+with+Rachida+Dati+%284th+part%29&rft.pub=Front+National&rft.date=2010-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontnational.com%2F%3Fp%3D6150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130218115106/http://www.nationspresse.info/?p=118286">"Marine Le Pen boosts the audience of À vous de juger"</a>. Nations Presse Info (<a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9diam%C3%A9trie" title="Médiamétrie">Médiamétrie</a>) (in French). 10 December 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationspresse.info/?p=118286">the original</a> on 18 February 2013. Retrieved 27 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nations+Presse+Info+%28M%C3%A9diam%C3%A9trie%29&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen+boosts+the+audience+of+%C3%80+vous+de+juger&rft.date=2010-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationspresse.info%2F%3Fp%3D118286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerretta2010" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Berretta, Emmanuel (10 December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lepoint.fr/chroniqueurs-du-point/emmanuel-berretta/bon-score-pour-marine-le-pen-chez-arlette-chabot-10-12-2010-1273547_52.php">"Marine Le Pen got a high score in À vous de juger"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Point" title="Le Point">Le Pointe</a> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101213234922/http://www.lepoint.fr/chroniqueurs-du-point/emmanuel-berretta/bon-score-pour-marine-le-pen-chez-arlette-chabot-10-12-2010-1273547_52.php">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2010. Retrieved 27 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Pointe&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen+got+a+high+score+in+%C3%80+vous+de+juger&rft.date=2010-12-10&rft.aulast=Berretta&rft.aufirst=Emmanuel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lepoint.fr%2Fchroniqueurs-du-point%2Femmanuel-berretta%2Fbon-score-pour-marine-le-pen-chez-arlette-chabot-10-12-2010-1273547_52.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTabard2010" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tabard, Guillaume (31 December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120710051408/http://blogs.lesechos.fr/guillaume-tabard/le-pen-bis-repetitat-a4819.html">"Le Pen, bis repetita"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Les_%C3%89chos_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Échos (France)">Les Echos</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.lesechos.fr/guillaume-tabard/le-pen-bis-repetitat-a4819.html">the original</a> on 10 July 2012. Retrieved 31 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Les+Echos&rft.atitle=Le+Pen%2C+bis+repetita&rft.date=2010-12-31&rft.aulast=Tabard&rft.aufirst=Guillaume&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.lesechos.fr%2Fguillaume-tabard%2Fle-pen-bis-repetitat-a4819.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110627115241/http://www.frontnational.com/?p=7091">"Marine Le Pen on France 2"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">Front National</a>. 24 June 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontnational.com/?p=7091">the original</a> on 27 June 2011. Retrieved 24 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marine+Le+Pen+on+France+2&rft.pub=Front+National&rft.date=2011-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontnational.com%2F%3Fp%3D7091&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.francesoir.fr/actualite/politique/marine-pen-relance-machine-112899.html">"Marine Le Pen revives the machine"</a>. France-Soir (in French). 24 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110627110326/http://www.francesoir.fr/actualite/politique/marine-pen-relance-machine-112899.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2011. Retrieved 25 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France-Soir&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen+revives+the+machine&rft.date=2011-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.francesoir.fr%2Factualite%2Fpolitique%2Fmarine-pen-relance-machine-112899.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110627234920/http://tele.premiere.fr/News-Tele/Audiences-TV-TF1-en-tete-avec-Interpol-bon-score-pour-le-premier-numero-de-Des-paroles-et-des-actes-2765118">"Des paroles et des actes on France 2: viewers and televised audience (statistics)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Premiere_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Premiere (magazine)">Première</a> (in French). 24 June 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tele.premiere.fr/News-Tele/Audiences-TV-TF1-en-tete-avec-Interpol-bon-score-pour-le-premier-numero-de-Des-paroles-et-des-actes-2765118">the original</a> on 27 June 2011. Retrieved 24 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Premi%C3%A8re&rft.atitle=Des+paroles+et+des+actes+on+France+2%3A+viewers+and+televised+audience+%28statistics%29&rft.date=2011-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftele.premiere.fr%2FNews-Tele%2FAudiences-TV-TF1-en-tete-avec-Interpol-bon-score-pour-le-premier-numero-de-Des-paroles-et-des-actes-2765118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120323224543/http://www.lejdd.fr/Medias/Television/Actualite/Marine-Le-Pen-toujours-championne-de-l-audimat-336005/?from=cover">"Marine Le Pen still champion of the ratings"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Journal_du_Dimanche" title="Le Journal du Dimanche">Le Journal du Dimanche</a> (in French). 24 June 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lejdd.fr/Medias/Television/Actualite/Marine-Le-Pen-toujours-championne-de-l-audimat-336005/?from=cover">the original</a> on 23 March 2012. Retrieved 24 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Journal+du+Dimanche&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen+still+champion+of+the+ratings&rft.date=2011-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lejdd.fr%2FMedias%2FTelevision%2FActualite%2FMarine-Le-Pen-toujours-championne-de-l-audimat-336005%2F%3Ffrom%3Dcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110924032129/http://videos.tf1.fr/parole-directe/parole-directe-avec-marine-le-pen-l-emission-integrale-6705152.html">""Direct speech" with Marine Le Pen"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/TF1" title="TF1">TF1</a>. 15 September 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://videos.tf1.fr/parole-directe/parole-directe-avec-marine-le-pen-l-emission-integrale-6705152.html">the original</a> on 24 September 2011. Retrieved 16 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Direct+speech%22+with+Marine+Le+Pen&rft.pub=TF1&rft.date=2011-09-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvideos.tf1.fr%2Fparole-directe%2Fparole-directe-avec-marine-le-pen-l-emission-integrale-6705152.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ozap.com/actu/audiences-marine-le-pen-suivie-par-6-millions-de-telespectateurs-sur-tf1/436474">"Audiences: Marine Le Pen suivie par 6 millions de téléspectateurs sur TF1"</a> [TV audience: Marine Le Pen followed on TF1 by 6 million viewers] (in French). <a href="/wiki/PureM%C3%A9dias" class="mw-redirect" title="PureMédias">PureMédias</a>. 16 September 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110923164920/http://www.ozap.com/actu/audiences-marine-le-pen-suivie-par-6-millions-de-telespectateurs-sur-tf1/436474">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2011. Retrieved 16 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Audiences%3A+Marine+Le+Pen+suivie+par+6+millions+de+t%C3%A9l%C3%A9spectateurs+sur+TF1&rft.pub=PureM%C3%A9dias&rft.date=2011-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ozap.com%2Factu%2Faudiences-marine-le-pen-suivie-par-6-millions-de-telespectateurs-sur-tf1%2F436474&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathieu_von_Rohr2011" class="citation news cs1">Mathieu von Rohr (7 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,772875,00.html">"Madame Rage: Marine Le Pen's Populism for the Masses (Part 1: Marine Le Pen's Populism for the Masses, Part 2: The Divide Between the Governing and the Governed, Part 3: 'As a Woman, You Have a Close Relationship with Reality'"</a>. Der Spiegel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730065634/http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,772875,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2011. Retrieved 11 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=Madame+Rage%3A+Marine+Le+Pen%27s+Populism+for+the+Masses+%28Part+1%3A+Marine+Le+Pen%27s+Populism+for+the+Masses%2C+Part+2%3A+The+Divide+Between+the+Governing+and+the+Governed%2C+Part+3%3A+%27As+a+Woman%2C+You+Have+a+Close+Relationship+with+Reality%27&rft.date=2011-07-07&rft.au=Mathieu+von+Rohr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Feurope%2F0%2C1518%2C772875%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kommersant-211"><a href="#cite_ref-Kommersant_211-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/1793754">"France will pull out of NATO – Marine Le Pen speaks to Kommersant about her programme"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kommersant" title="Kommersant">Kommersant</a> (in Russian). 13 October 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111015133215/http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/1793754">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kommersant&rft.atitle=France+will+pull+out+of+NATO+%E2%80%93+Marine+Le+Pen+speaks+to+Kommersant+about+her+programme&rft.date=2011-10-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kommersant.ru%2Fdoc%2F1793754&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haaretz-212"><a href="#cite_ref-Haaretz_212-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdar_Primor2011" class="citation web cs1">Adar Primor (7 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/week-s-end/the-daughter-as-de-demonizer-1.335743">"The daughter as de-demonizer"</a>. Haaretz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110111064837/http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/week-s-end/the-daughter-as-de-demonizer-1.335743">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2011. Retrieved 7 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=The+daughter+as+de-demonizer&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.au=Adar+Primor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fweekend%2Fweek-s-end%2Fthe-daughter-as-de-demonizer-1.335743&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce_Crumley2011" class="citation magazine cs1">Bruce Crumley (3 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110102154848/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2040141,00.html">"Marine Le Pen: Her Father's Daughter"</a>. Time. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2040141,00.html">the original</a> on 2 January 2011. Retrieved 12 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen%3A+Her+Father%27s+Daughter&rft.date=2011-02-03&rft.au=Bruce+Crumley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fworld%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C2040141%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDevorah_Lauter2011" class="citation web cs1">Devorah Lauter (17 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-france-le-pen-20110117,0,1943134.story">"A new Le Pen will lead the French far right"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110119163042/http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-france-le-pen-20110117,0,1943134.story">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2011. Retrieved 30 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=A+new+Le+Pen+will+lead+the+French+far+right&rft.date=2011-01-17&rft.au=Devorah+Lauter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnews%2Fnationworld%2Fworld%2Fla-fg-france-le-pen-20110117%2C0%2C1943134.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationspresse.info/?p=18934">"Marine Le Pen on the Québec webradio Rockik"</a>. Nations Presse Info (Rockik) (in French). 8 December 2008. Retrieved 27 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nations+Presse+Info+%28Rockik%29&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen+on+the+Qu%C3%A9bec+webradio+Rockik&rft.date=2008-12-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationspresse.info%2F%3Fp%3D18934&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120904190639/http://www.nationspresse.info/?p=101890">"Marine Le Pen on Radio Canada"</a>. Nations Presse Info (<a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a>) (in French). 21 May 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationspresse.info/?p=101890">the original</a> on 4 September 2012. Retrieved 27 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nations+Presse+Info+%28Canadian+Broadcasting+Corporation%29&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen+on+Radio+Canada&rft.date=2010-05-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationspresse.info%2F%3Fp%3D101890&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110824183115/http://www.frontnational.com/?p=6731">"Marine Le Pen on the Israeli radio 90FM"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">Front National</a>. 31 March 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontnational.com/?p=6731">the original</a> on 24 August 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marine+Le+Pen+on+the+Israeli+radio+90FM&rft.pub=Front+National&rft.date=2011-03-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontnational.com%2F%3Fp%3D6731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110628182814/http://www.weeklystandard.com/tws/Search/SearchIssues.asp?from_year=2011&from_month=03&to_year=2011&to_month=03&x=36&y=9">"Cover Gallery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Weekly_Standard" title="The Weekly Standard">The Weekly Standard</a>. March 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weeklystandard.com/tws/Search/SearchIssues.asp?from_year=2011&from_month=03&to_year=2011&to_month=03&x=36&y=9">the original</a> on 28 June 2011. Retrieved 8 March 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Weekly+Standard&rft.atitle=Cover+Gallery&rft.date=2011-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weeklystandard.com%2Ftws%2FSearch%2FSearchIssues.asp%3Ffrom_year%3D2011%26from_month%3D03%26to_year%3D2011%26to_month%3D03%26x%3D36%26y%3D9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontnational.com/videos/marine-le-pen-invitee-par-leuropean-american-press-club/">"Marine Le Pen invited by the European American Press Club"</a>. Front National (in French). 19 January 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120122060637/http://www.frontnational.com/videos/marine-le-pen-invitee-par-leuropean-american-press-club/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2012. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2066367_2066369_2066134,00.html">the original</a> on 24 April 2011. Retrieved 22 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen+%28The+2011+TIME+100%29&rft.date=2011-04-21&rft.au=Vladimir+Zhirinovsky&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fspecials%2Fpackages%2Farticle%2F0%2C28804%2C2066367_2066369_2066134%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://droites-extremes.blog.lemonde.fr/2011/10/22/marine-le-pen-en-italie-lombre-portee-du-msi/">"Marine Le Pen en Italie: l'ombre portée du MSI | Droite(s) extrême(s)"</a>. Le Monde. Droites-extremes.blog.lemonde.fr. 22 October 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107024304/http://droites-extremes.blog.lemonde.fr/2011/10/22/marine-le-pen-en-italie-lombre-portee-du-msi/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 14 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen+en+Italie%3A+l%27ombre+port%C3%A9e+du+MSI+%26%23124%3B+Droite%28s%29+extr%C3%AAme%28s%29&rft.date=2011-10-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdroites-extremes.blog.lemonde.fr%2F2011%2F10%2F22%2Fmarine-le-pen-en-italie-lombre-portee-du-msi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/universityeducation/student-life/9881110/Marine-Le-Pen-sparks-Cambridge-protests.html">"Marine Le Pen sparks Cambridge protests"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. London. 19 February 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/universityeducation/student-life/9881110/Marine-Le-Pen-sparks-Cambridge-protests.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen+sparks+Cambridge+protests&rft.date=2013-02-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Feducation%2Funiversityeducation%2Fstudent-life%2F9881110%2FMarine-Le-Pen-sparks-Cambridge-protests.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPilgrim2013" class="citation news cs1">Pilgrim, Sophie (19 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140305163217/http://www.france24.com/en/20130219-marine-le-pen-protest-cambridge-union-french/">"Marine Le Pen sparks protest on Cambridge visit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a>. 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Retrieved 1 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen+sparks+protest+on+Cambridge+visit&rft.date=2013-02-19&rft.aulast=Pilgrim&rft.aufirst=Sophie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20130219-marine-le-pen-protest-cambridge-union-french%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoot2013" class="citation pressrelease cs1">Root, James (17 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140118144449/http://www.cambridgelibertarians.org.uk/blog/2013/no-platform-for-marine-le-pen-a-response/">"No Platform for Marine Le Pen – A Response by Cambridge Libertarians"</a> (Press release). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Libertarians. 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Retrieved 10 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=France%27s+Marine+Le+Pen+to+Face+Trial+Over+Spending&rft.date=2023-12-08&rft.aulast=Kostov&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Ffrances-marine-le-pen-to-face-trial-over-spending-e41ced4e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/french-far-right-leader-marine-le-pen-stand-trial-over-alleged-misuse-eu-funds-2023-12-08/">"French far-right leader Marine Le Pen to stand trial over alleged misuse of EU funds"</a>. Reuters. 8 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=French+far-right+leader+Marine+Le+Pen+to+stand+trial+over+alleged+misuse+of+EU+funds&rft.date=2023-12-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Ffrench-far-right-leader-marine-le-pen-stand-trial-over-alleged-misuse-eu-funds-2023-12-08%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lem1-228"><a href="#cite_ref-lem1_228-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2024/03/27/marine-le-pen-sera-jugee-a-partir-du-30-septembre-pour-des-soupcons-de-detournement-de-fonds-europeens_6224493_823448.html">"Marine le Pen sera jugée à partir du 30 septembre pour des soupçons de détournement de fonds européens"</a>. 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Retrieved 1 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ft.com&rft.atitle=Subscribe+to+read&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F19f89c4b-21bf-46a5-81e8-844259918e61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: Cite uses generic title (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061121130351/http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/eur2004/007/index.html">"2004 European election results: Île-de-France"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/eur2004/007/index.html">the original</a> on 21 November 2006. Retrieved 28 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2004+European+election+results%3A+%C3%8Ele-de-France&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interieur.gouv.fr%2Fsections%2Fa_votre_service%2Fresultats-elections%2Feur2004%2F007%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/ER2009/01/01.html">"2009 European election results: North-West France"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090831043859/http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/ER2009/01/01.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2009. Retrieved 28 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+European+election+results%3A+North-West+France&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interieur.gouv.fr%2Fsections%2Fa_votre_service%2Fresultats-elections%2FER2009%2F01%2F01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615064817/http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/elections/resultats/accueil-resultats/downloadFile/attachedFile_3/RPE-24-09-09.pdf">"France: list of the 72 MEPs by constituency (2009–2014)"</a> (PDF) (in French). Minister of the Interior. 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Minister of the Interior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090731144812/http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/ER2009/01/022/022.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2009. 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Minister of the Interior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220413231858/https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Europeennes/elecresult__europeennes_2009/(path)/europeennes_2009//01/022/002/002.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2022. Retrieved 19 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+European+election+results%3A+Aisne&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interieur.gouv.fr%2Fsections%2Fa_votre_service%2Fresultats-elections%2FER2009%2F01%2F022%2F002%2F002.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/ER2009/01/031/062/062427.html">"2009 European election results: Hénin-Beaumont"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220413231835/https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Europeennes/elecresult__europeennes_2009/(path)/europeennes_2009//01/031/062/062427.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2022. Retrieved 19 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+European+election+results%3A+H%C3%A9nin-Beaumont&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interieur.gouv.fr%2Fsections%2Fa_votre_service%2Fresultats-elections%2FER2009%2F01%2F031%2F062%2F062427.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/ER2009/01/031/062/062249.html">"2009 European election results: Courcelles-lès-Lens"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. Retrieved 19 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+European+election+results%3A+Courcelles-l%C3%A8s-Lens&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interieur.gouv.fr%2Fsections%2Fa_votre_service%2Fresultats-elections%2FER2009%2F01%2F031%2F062%2F062249.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/ER2009/01/031/062/062624.html">"2009 European election results: Noyelles-Godault"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220413231913/https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Europeennes/elecresult__europeennes_2009/(path)/europeennes_2009//01/031/062/062624.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2022. Retrieved 19 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+European+election+results%3A+Noyelles-Godault&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interieur.gouv.fr%2Fsections%2Fa_votre_service%2Fresultats-elections%2FER2009%2F01%2F031%2F062%2F062624.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20081219010058/http://elections.figaro.net/cgi/histo_req1?page=15%26offs=15%26action=L1993%26re=%26dep=75%26Valider=Lancez+la+recherche%26version=figaro">"1993 French legislative election results: Paris' 16th constituency"</a>. Le Figaro (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elections.figaro.net/cgi/histo_req1?page=15%26offs=15%26action=L1993%26re=%26dep=75%26Valider=Lancez+la+recherche%26version=figaro">the original</a> on 19 December 2008. Retrieved 5 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=1993+French+legislative+election+results%3A+Paris%27+16th+constituency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felections.figaro.net%2Fcgi%2Fhisto_req1%3Fpage%3D15%2526offs%3D15%2526action%3DL1993%2526re%3D%2526dep%3D75%2526Valider%3DLancez%2Bla%2Brecherche%2526version%3Dfigaro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/LG2002/062/circons13.html">"2002 French legislative election results: Pas-de-Calais' 13th constituency"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929174932/http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/LG2002/062/circons13.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 5 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2002+French+legislative+election+results%3A+Pas-de-Calais%27+13th+constituency&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interieur.gouv.fr%2Fsections%2Fa_votre_service%2Fresultats-elections%2FLG2002%2F062%2Fcircons13.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071226135542/http://www.boursier.com/vals/all/marine-le-pen-repart-en-conquete-dans-le-pas-de-calais-feed-25326.htm">"Marine Le Pen: Pas-de-Calais in her sights"</a> (in French). boursier.com. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 6 June 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boursier.com/vals/all/marine-le-pen-repart-en-conquete-dans-le-pas-de-calais-feed-25326.htm">the original</a> on 26 December 2007. Retrieved 6 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen%3A+Pas-de-Calais+in+her+sights&rft.date=2007-06-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boursier.com%2Fvals%2Fall%2Fmarine-le-pen-repart-en-conquete-dans-le-pas-de-calais-feed-25326.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HB2007-241">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HB2007_241-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HB2007_241-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/LG2007/062/circons14.html">"2007 French legislative election results: Pas-de-Calais' 14th constituency"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080312101643/http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/LG2007/062/circons14.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 March 2008. Retrieved 6 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2007+French+legislative+election+results%3A+Pas-de-Calais%27+14th+constituency&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interieur.gouv.fr%2Fsections%2Fa_votre_service%2Fresultats-elections%2FLG2007%2F062%2Fcircons14.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CEVIPOF-242">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CEVIPOF_242-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CEVIPOF_242-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cevipof.com/bpf/analyses/Fourquet_HeninBeaumont.pdf">"Hénin-Beaumont, Marine Le Pen's Vitrolles ?"</a> (PDF) (in French). CEVIPOF. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110708133322/http://www.cevipof.com/bpf/analyses/Fourquet_HeninBeaumont.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 6 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=H%C3%A9nin-Beaumont%2C+Marine+Le+Pen%27s+Vitrolles+%3F&rft.pub=CEVIPOF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cevipof.com%2Fbpf%2Fanalyses%2FFourquet_HeninBeaumont.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yvesdaoudal.hautetfort.com/archive/2007/06/13/deux-gaullistes-historiques-soutiennent-marine.html">"Marine Le Pen: support from two Gaullist stalwarts"</a> (in French). Yves Daoudal's website. 13 June 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110505191748/http://yvesdaoudal.hautetfort.com/archive/2007/06/13/deux-gaullistes-historiques-soutiennent-marine.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2011. Retrieved 6 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marine+Le+Pen%3A+support+from+two+Gaullist+stalwarts&rft.pub=Yves+Daoudal%27s+website&rft.date=2007-06-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyvesdaoudal.hautetfort.com%2Farchive%2F2007%2F06%2F13%2Fdeux-gaullistes-historiques-soutiennent-marine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/LG2007/062/06224914.html">"2007 French legislative election results: Courcelles-lès-Lens"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. Retrieved 7 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2007+French+legislative+election+results%3A+Courcelles-l%C3%A8s-Lens&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interieur.gouv.fr%2Fsections%2Fa_votre_service%2Fresultats-elections%2FLG2007%2F062%2F06224914.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/LG2007/062/06262414.html">"2007 French legislative election results: Noyelles-Godault"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. Retrieved 7 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2007+French+legislative+election+results%3A+Noyelles-Godault&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interieur.gouv.fr%2Fsections%2Fa_votre_service%2Fresultats-elections%2FLG2007%2F062%2F06262414.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/LG2007/062/06242714.html">"2007 French legislative election results: Hénin-Beaumont"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090710051429/http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/LG2007/062/06242714.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2009. Retrieved 7 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2007+French+legislative+election+results%3A+H%C3%A9nin-Beaumont&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interieur.gouv.fr%2Fsections%2Fa_votre_service%2Fresultats-elections%2FLG2007%2F062%2F06242714.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politiquemania.com/election-presidentielle-2012-tour1-circonscriptions.html">"Election présidentielle 2012 – Résultats du 1er tour par circonscription"</a>. Politiquemania. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924075954/http://www.politiquemania.com/election-presidentielle-2012-tour1-circonscriptions.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Election+pr%C3%A9sidentielle+2012+%E2%80%93+R%C3%A9sultats+du+1er+tour+par+circonscription&rft.pub=Politiquemania&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politiquemania.com%2Felection-presidentielle-2012-tour1-circonscriptions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130213153418/http://www.nordeclair.fr/Actualite/2012/05/11/le-ps-coince-entre-deux-fronts.shtml">"Le PS coincĂŠ entre deux Fronts ? – RĂŠgion – Nord Eclair"</a>. Nordeclair.fr. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nordeclair.fr/Actualite/2012/05/11/le-ps-coince-entre-deux-fronts.shtml">the original</a> on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 14 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Le+PS+coinc%C4%82%C5%A0+entre+deux+Fronts+%3F+%E2%80%93+R%C4%82%C5%A0gion+%E2%80%93+Nord+Eclair&rft.pub=Nordeclair.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nordeclair.fr%2FActualite%2F2012%2F05%2F11%2Fle-ps-coince-entre-deux-fronts.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elections.interieur.gouv.fr/LG2012/062/06211.html">"Résultats des élections législatives 2012 / Législatives / Les résultats / Elections – Ministère de l'Intérieur"</a> (in French). Elections.interieur.gouv.fr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120615161523/http://elections.interieur.gouv.fr/LG2012/062/06211.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=R%C3%A9sultats+des+%C3%A9lections+l%C3%A9gislatives+2012+%2F+L%C3%A9gislatives+%2F+Les+r%C3%A9sultats+%2F+Elections+%E2%80%93+Minist%C3%A8re+de+l%27Int%C3%A9rieur&rft.pub=Elections.interieur.gouv.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felections.interieur.gouv.fr%2FLG2012%2F062%2F06211.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-lepen-idUSBREA321BV20140403">"France's Le Pen fined 10,000 euros over 'Arab' vote flyer"</a>. Reuters Editorial. 3 April 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107024306/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-lepen-idUSBREA321BV20140403">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 14 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=France%27s+Le+Pen+fined+10%2C000+euros+over+%27Arab%27+vote+flyer&rft.date=2014-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-france-lepen-idUSBREA321BV20140403&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/faux-tract-de-jean-luc-melenchon-10-000-euros-d-amende-pour-marine-le-pen_1505798.html">"Faux tract de Jean-Luc Mélenchon: 10 000 euros d'amende pour Marine Le Pen – L'Express"</a>. L'Express. 3 April 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117030735/http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/faux-tract-de-jean-luc-melenchon-10-000-euros-d-amende-pour-marine-le-pen_1505798.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=L%27Express&rft.atitle=Faux+tract+de+Jean-Luc+M%C3%A9lenchon%3A+10+000+euros+d%27amende+pour+Marine+Le+Pen+%E2%80%93+L%27Express&rft.date=2014-04-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexpress.fr%2Factualite%2Fpolitique%2Ffaux-tract-de-jean-luc-melenchon-10-000-euros-d-amende-pour-marine-le-pen_1505798.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nord-pas-de-calais.france3.fr/2014/04/03/faux-tract-de-melenchon-le-pen-condamnee-10000-euros-d-amende-452285.html">"Faux tract de Mélenchon: Le Pen condamnée à 10000 euros d'amende – France 3 Nord Pas-de-Calais"</a> (in French). Nord-pas-de-calais.france3.fr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140416182436/http://nord-pas-de-calais.france3.fr/2014/04/03/faux-tract-de-melenchon-le-pen-condamnee-10000-euros-d-amende-452285.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Faux+tract+de+M%C3%A9lenchon%3A+Le+Pen+condamn%C3%A9e+%C3%A0+10000+euros+d%27amende+%E2%80%93+France+3+Nord+Pas-de-Calais&rft.pub=Nord-pas-de-calais.france3.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnord-pas-de-calais.france3.fr%2F2014%2F04%2F03%2Ffaux-tract-de-melenchon-le-pen-condamnee-10000-euros-d-amende-452285.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/reg2004/011/011.html">"2004 French regional elections results: Île-de-France"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220413231912/https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Regionales/elecresult__regionales_2004/(path)/regionales_2004//011/011.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2004+French+regional+elections+results%3A+%C3%8Ele-de-France&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interieur.gouv.fr%2Fsections%2Fa_votre_service%2Fresultats-elections%2Freg2004%2F011%2F011.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/reg2004/011/E2011L002.html">"Île-de-France: list of the 15 FN regional councillors (2004–2010)"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220413231923/https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Regionales/elecresult__regionales_2004/(path)/regionales_2004//011/E2011L002.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C3%8Ele-de-France%3A+list+of+the+15+FN+regional+councillors+%282004%E2%80%932010%29&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interieur.gouv.fr%2Fsections%2Fa_votre_service%2Fresultats-elections%2Freg2004%2F011%2FE2011L002.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110209041211/http://www.lepoint.fr/actualites-politique/2009-02-10/marine-le-pen-a-quitte-la-presidence-du-groupe-fn-a-la-region-idf/917/0/315903">"Île-de-France: Marine Le Pen has left the presidency of the FN group"</a>. Le Point (in French). 10 February 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lepoint.fr/actualites-politique/2009-02-10/marine-le-pen-a-quitte-la-presidence-du-groupe-fn-a-la-region-idf/917/0/315903">the original</a> on 9 February 2011. Retrieved 28 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Point&rft.atitle=%C3%8Ele-de-France%3A+Marine+Le+Pen+has+left+the+presidency+of+the+FN+group&rft.date=2009-02-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lepoint.fr%2Factualites-politique%2F2009-02-10%2Fmarine-le-pen-a-quitte-la-presidence-du-groupe-fn-a-la-region-idf%2F917%2F0%2F315903&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/RG2010/031/C2031L005.html">"Nord-Pas-de-Calais: list of the FN candidates in 2010"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100626072445/http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/RG2010/031/C2031L005.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2010. Retrieved 14 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nord-Pas-de-Calais%3A+list+of+the+FN+candidates+in+2010&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interieur.gouv.fr%2Fsections%2Fa_votre_service%2Fresultats-elections%2FRG2010%2F031%2FC2031L005.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NPDC2010-257">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NPDC2010_257-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPDC2010_257-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/RG2010/031/031.html">"2010 French regional elections results: Nord-Pas-de-Calais"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615064756/http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/RG2010/031/031.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 14 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2010+French+regional+elections+results%3A+Nord-Pas-de-Calais&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interieur.gouv.fr%2Fsections%2Fa_votre_service%2Fresultats-elections%2FRG2010%2F031%2F031.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PDC2010-258">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PDC2010_258-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PDC2010_258-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/RG2010/031/062/062.html">"2010 French regional elections results: Pas-de-Calais"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615064555/http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/RG2010/031/062/062.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 14 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2010+French+regional+elections+results%3A+Pas-de-Calais&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interieur.gouv.fr%2Fsections%2Fa_votre_service%2Fresultats-elections%2FRG2010%2F031%2F062%2F062.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HB2010-259">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HB2010_259-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HB2010_259-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/RG2010/031/062/062427.html">"2010 French regional elections results: Hénin-Beaumont"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110214082237/http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/RG2010/031/062/062427.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2011. Retrieved 14 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2010+French+regional+elections+results%3A+H%C3%A9nin-Beaumont&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interieur.gouv.fr%2Fsections%2Fa_votre_service%2Fresultats-elections%2FRG2010%2F031%2F062%2F062427.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PACA2010-260">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PACA2010_260-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PACA2010_260-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/RG2010/093/093.html">"2010 French regional elections results: Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615064639/http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/RG2010/093/093.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 14 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2010+French+regional+elections+results%3A+Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te+d%27Azur&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interieur.gouv.fr%2Fsections%2Fa_votre_service%2Fresultats-elections%2FRG2010%2F093%2F093.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PDC2002-261">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PDC2002_261-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PDC2002_261-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101026005906/http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/PR2002/031/062/3162.html">"2002 French presidential election results: Pas-de-Calais"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/PR2002/031/062/3162.html">the original</a> on 26 October 2010. Retrieved 14 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2002+French+presidential+election+results%3A+Pas-de-Calais&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interieur.gouv.fr%2Fa_votre_service%2Fresultats-elections%2FPR2002%2F031%2F062%2F3162.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/RG2010/031/E2031L005.html">"Nord-Pas-de-Calais: list of the 18 FN regional councillors (2010–2014)"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110214140033/http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/RG2010/031/E2031L005.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2011. Retrieved 14 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nord-Pas-de-Calais%3A+list+of+the+18+FN+regional+councillors+%282010%E2%80%932014%29&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interieur.gouv.fr%2Fsections%2Fa_votre_service%2Fresultats-elections%2FRG2010%2F031%2FE2031L005.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/RG2010/031/062/062249.html">"2010 French regional elections results: Courcelles-lès-Lens"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110214140022/http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/RG2010/031/062/062249.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2011. Retrieved 14 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2010+French+regional+elections+results%3A+Courcelles-l%C3%A8s-Lens&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interieur.gouv.fr%2Fsections%2Fa_votre_service%2Fresultats-elections%2FRG2010%2F031%2F062%2F062249.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/RG2010/093/084/084.html">"2010 French regional elections results: Vaucluse"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615065013/http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/RG2010/093/084/084.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2010+French+regional+elections+results%3A+Vaucluse&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interieur.gouv.fr%2Fsections%2Fa_votre_service%2Fresultats-elections%2FRG2010%2F093%2F084%2F084.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091207112240/http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/PR2002/031/031.html">"2002 French presidential election results: Nord-Pas-de-Calais"</a> (in French). Minister of the Interior. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/PR2002/031/031.html">the original</a> on 7 December 2009. Retrieved 14 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2002+French+presidential+election+results%3A+Nord-Pas-de-Calais&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interieur.gouv.fr%2Fa_votre_service%2Fresultats-elections%2FPR2002%2F031%2F031.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://briois.ublog.com/about.html">"Biography of Steeve Briois"</a> (in French). Steeve Briois' website. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110106155512/http://briois.ublog.com/about.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2011. Retrieved 15 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biography+of+Steeve+Briois&rft.pub=Steeve+Briois%27+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbriois.ublog.com%2Fabout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elections.lefigaro.fr/resultats/elections-municipales-2008/2eme-tour/pas-de-calais/62110/henin-beaumont/">"2008 municipal election results in Hénin-Beaumont: first round and run-off"</a>. Le Figaro (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110112230743/http://elections.lefigaro.fr/resultats/elections-municipales-2008/2eme-tour/pas-de-calais/62110/henin-beaumont/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2011. Retrieved 15 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=2008+municipal+election+results+in+H%C3%A9nin-Beaumont%3A+first+round+and+run-off&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felections.lefigaro.fr%2Fresultats%2Felections-municipales-2008%2F2eme-tour%2Fpas-de-calais%2F62110%2Fhenin-beaumont%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elections.lefigaro.fr/resultats/elections-municipales-2008/2eme-tour/pas-de-calais/62110/henin-beaumont/liste-1.php">"Hénin-Beaumont: list of the 5 FN municipal councillors"</a>. Le Figaro (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721004839/http://elections.lefigaro.fr/resultats/elections-municipales-2008/2eme-tour/pas-de-calais/62110/henin-beaumont/liste-1.php">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 15 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=H%C3%A9nin-Beaumont%3A+list+of+the+5+FN+municipal+councillors&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felections.lefigaro.fr%2Fresultats%2Felections-municipales-2008%2F2eme-tour%2Fpas-de-calais%2F62110%2Fhenin-beaumont%2Fliste-1.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615064219/http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/elections/resultats/elections-municipales/2009/henin-beaumont-pas-calais/downloadFile/file/62_Mun_Par_28_juin_5_juillet_09_Henin_Beaumont_T1T2.pdf?nocache=1249634749.32">"2009 Hénin-Beaumont municipal by-election results: first round and run-off"</a> (PDF) (in French). Minister of the Interior. 7 August 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/elections/resultats/elections-municipales/2009/henin-beaumont-pas-calais/downloadFile/file/62_Mun_Par_28_juin_5_juillet_09_Henin_Beaumont_T1T2.pdf?nocache=1249634749.32">the original</a> (PDF) on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 4 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+H%C3%A9nin-Beaumont+municipal+by-election+results%3A+first+round+and+run-off&rft.pub=Minister+of+the+Interior&rft.date=2009-08-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interieur.gouv.fr%2Fsections%2Fa_votre_service%2Felections%2Fresultats%2Felections-municipales%2F2009%2Fhenin-beaumont-pas-calais%2FdownloadFile%2Ffile%2F62_Mun_Par_28_juin_5_juillet_09_Henin_Beaumont_T1T2.pdf%3Fnocache%3D1249634749.32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErlanger2009" class="citation web cs1">Erlanger, Steven (6 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DF153FF935A35754C0A96F9C8B63">"Left Wins French Local Election With Backing of Center-Right"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605002627/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DF153FF935A35754C0A96F9C8B63">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Left+Wins+French+Local+Election+With+Backing+of+Center-Right&rft.date=2009-07-06&rft.aulast=Erlanger&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9C06E0DF153FF935A35754C0A96F9C8B63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leparisien.fr/flash-actualite-politique/cumul-des-mandats-marine-le-pen-quitte-le-conseil-municipal-d-henin-beaumont-24-02-2011-1330084.php">"Accumulation of mandates: Marine Le Pen leaves the municipal council of Hénin-Beaumont"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Parisien" title="Le Parisien">Le Parisien</a> (AFP) (in French). 24 February 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110226101949/http://www.leparisien.fr/flash-actualite-politique/cumul-des-mandats-marine-le-pen-quitte-le-conseil-municipal-d-henin-beaumont-24-02-2011-1330084.php">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2011. Retrieved 26 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Parisien+%28AFP%29&rft.atitle=Accumulation+of+mandates%3A+Marine+Le+Pen+leaves+the+municipal+council+of+H%C3%A9nin-Beaumont&rft.date=2011-02-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leparisien.fr%2Fflash-actualite-politique%2Fcumul-des-mandats-marine-le-pen-quitte-le-conseil-municipal-d-henin-beaumont-24-02-2011-1330084.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationspresse.info/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Lettre-de-Marine-Le-Pen-aux-habitants-dH%C3%A9nin-Beaumont.pdf">"I stay in Hénin-Beaumont !"</a> (PDF). Nations Presse Info (in French). 24 February 2011. Retrieved 26 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nations+Presse+Info&rft.atitle=I+stay+in+H%C3%A9nin-Beaumont+%21&rft.date=2011-02-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationspresse.info%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2011%2F02%2FLettre-de-Marine-Le-Pen-aux-habitants-dH%25C3%25A9nin-Beaumont.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-MarineEU-273">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MarineEU_273-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MarineEU_273-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/members/archive/alphaOrder/view.do?language=EN&id=28210">"Marine Le Pen MEP_Archives"</a>. <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>. Retrieved 30 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marine+Le+Pen+MEP_Archives&rft.pub=European+Parliament&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fmembers%2Farchive%2FalphaOrder%2Fview.do%3Flanguage%3DEN%26id%3D28210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/members/public/geoSearch/view.do?country=FR&partNumber=1&zone=Nord-Ouest&language=EN&id=28210">"Marine Le Pen MEP"</a>. <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>. Retrieved 30 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marine+Le+Pen+MEP&rft.pub=European+Parliament&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fmembers%2Fpublic%2FgeoSearch%2Fview.do%3Fcountry%3DFR%26partNumber%3D1%26zone%3DNord-Ouest%26language%3DEN%26id%3D28210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Le_Pen&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Marine_Le_Pen" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Marine Le Pen">Marine Le Pen</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Marine_Le_Pen" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Marine Le Pen">Marine Le Pen</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mlafrance.fr/">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fanclub.marine-lepen.org">Fan Club of Marine Le Pen in France</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220712000710/https://fanclub.marine-lepen.org/">Archived</a> 12 July 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/28210/Marine_LE%20PEN.html">Profile on the European Parliament's official website</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCross2012" class="citation news cs1">Cross, Tony (4 May 2012) [3 May 2012]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.rfi.fr/economy/20120503-has-marine-le-pen-made-frances-front-national-respectable">"Has Marine Le Pen Made France's Front National Respectable?"</a>. RFI English. Retrieved 29 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Has+Marine+Le+Pen+Made+France%27s+Front+National+Respectable%3F&rft.date=2012-05-04&rft.aulast=Cross&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.rfi.fr%2Feconomy%2F20120503-has-marine-le-pen-made-frances-front-national-respectable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarine+Le+Pen" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?103096">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Jean-Marie Le Pen">Jean-Marie Le Pen</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Leader of the <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">National Front</a> 2011–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Incumbent </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">National Front</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President of France</a> <a href="/wiki/2012_French_presidential_election" title="2012 French presidential election">2012</a> • <a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">2017</a> • <a href="/wiki/2022_French_presidential_election" title="2022 French presidential election">2022</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Most recent </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">New office </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Chair of <a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom" title="Europe of Nations and Freedom">Europe of Nations and Freedom</a> 2015–2017 Served alongside: <a href="/wiki/Marcel_de_Graaff" title="Marcel de Graaff">Marcel de Graaff</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Bay" title="Nicolas Bay">Nicolas Bay</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">New constituency </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Member of the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Île-de-France (European Parliament constituency)">Île-de-France</a> 2004–2009 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Pervenche_Ber%C3%A8s" title="Pervenche Berès">Pervenche Berès</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Lang" title="Carl Lang">Carl Lang</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Member of the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/North-West_France_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="North-West France (European Parliament constituency)">North-West France</a> 2009–2017 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Christelle Lechevalier</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly of France</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Kemel" title="Philippe Kemel">Philippe Kemel</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Member of the <a href="/wiki/French_National_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="French National Assembly">French National Assembly</a> for <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais%27_11th_constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Pas-de-Calais' 11th constituency">Pas-de-Calais' 11th constituency</a> 2017–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Incumbent </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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talk:Candidates in the 2022 French presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates_in_the_2022_French_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates in the 2022 French presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Candidates_in_the_2022_French_presidential_election" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Candidates in the <a href="/wiki/2022_French_presidential_election" title="2022 French presidential election">2022 French presidential election</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> (<a href="/wiki/La_R%C3%A9publique_En_Marche!" class="mw-redirect" title="La République En Marche!">LREM</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=2022_Emmanuel_Macron_presidential_campaign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2022 Emmanuel Macron presidential campaign (page does not exist)">campaign</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lost in <a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">runoff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marine Le Pen</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">RN</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=2022_Marine_Le_Pen_presidential_campaign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2022 Marine Le Pen presidential campaign (page does not exist)">campaign</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_M%C3%A9lenchon" title="Jean-Luc Mélenchon">Jean-Luc Mélenchon</a> (<a href="/wiki/La_France_Insoumise" title="La France Insoumise">LFI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Zemmour" title="Éric Zemmour">Éric Zemmour</a> (<a href="/wiki/Reconqu%C3%AAte" title="Reconquête">R!</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" title="Valérie Pécresse">Valérie Pécresse</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">LR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yannick_Jadot" title="Yannick Jadot">Yannick Jadot</a> (<a href="/wiki/Europe_Ecology_%E2%80%93_The_Greens" class="mw-redirect" title="Europe Ecology – The Greens">EELV</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lassalle" title="Jean Lassalle">Jean Lassalle</a> (<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9sistons!" class="mw-redirect" title="Résistons!">RES</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabien_Roussel" title="Fabien Roussel">Fabien Roussel</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">PCF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Dupont-Aignan" title="Nicolas Dupont-Aignan">Nicolas Dupont-Aignan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Debout_la_France" title="Debout la France">DLF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Hidalgo" title="Anne Hidalgo">Anne Hidalgo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">PS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Poutou" title="Philippe Poutou">Philippe Poutou </a>(<a href="/wiki/New_Anticapitalist_Party" title="New Anticapitalist Party">NPA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathalie_Arthaud" title="Nathalie Arthaud">Nathalie Arthaud</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lutte_Ouvri%C3%A8re" title="Lutte Ouvrière">LO</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Candidates_in_the_2017_French_presidential_election" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Candidates_in_the_2017_French_presidential_election" title="Template:Candidates in the 2017 French presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Candidates_in_the_2017_French_presidential_election" title="Template talk:Candidates in the 2017 French presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates_in_the_2017_French_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates in the 2017 French presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Candidates_in_the_2017_French_presidential_election" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Candidates in the <a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">2017 French presidential election</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> (<a href="/wiki/La_R%C3%A9publique_En_Marche!" class="mw-redirect" title="La République En Marche!">EM</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lost in <a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">runoff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marine Le Pen</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">FN</a>; <a href="/wiki/2017_Marine_Le_Pen_presidential_campaign" title="2017 Marine Le Pen presidential campaign">campaign</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon">François Fillon</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">LR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_M%C3%A9lenchon" title="Jean-Luc Mélenchon">Jean-Luc Mélenchon</a> (<a href="/wiki/La_France_Insoumise" title="La France Insoumise">LFI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Hamon" title="Benoît Hamon">Benoît Hamon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">PS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Dupont-Aignan" title="Nicolas Dupont-Aignan">Nicolas Dupont-Aignan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Debout_la_France" title="Debout la France">DLF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lassalle" title="Jean Lassalle">Jean Lassalle</a> (<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9sistons!" class="mw-redirect" title="Résistons!">RES</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Poutou" title="Philippe Poutou">Philippe Poutou</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Anticapitalist_Party" title="New Anticapitalist Party">NPA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Asselineau" title="François Asselineau">François Asselineau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Popular_Republican_Union_(2007)" title="Popular Republican Union (2007)">UPR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathalie_Arthaud" title="Nathalie Arthaud">Nathalie Arthaud</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lutte_Ouvri%C3%A8re" title="Lutte Ouvrière">LO</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cheminade" title="Jacques Cheminade">Jacques Cheminade</a> (<a href="/wiki/Solidarity_and_Progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Solidarity and Progress">SP</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Candidates_in_the_2012_French_presidential_election" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Candidates_in_the_2012_French_presidential_election" title="Template:Candidates in the 2012 French presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Candidates_in_the_2012_French_presidential_election" title="Template talk:Candidates in the 2012 French presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates_in_the_2012_French_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates in the 2012 French presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Candidates_in_the_2012_French_presidential_election" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Candidates in the <a href="/wiki/2012_French_presidential_election" title="2012 French presidential election">2012 French presidential election</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> (<a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">PS</a>; <a href="/wiki/2012_Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande_presidential_campaign" title="2012 François Hollande presidential campaign">campaign</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lost in <a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">runoff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">UMP</a>; incumbent)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marine Le Pen</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">FN</a>; <a href="/wiki/2012_Marine_Le_Pen_presidential_campaign" title="2012 Marine Le Pen presidential campaign">campaign</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_M%C3%A9lenchon" title="Jean-Luc Mélenchon">Jean-Luc Mélenchon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Left_Front_(France)" title="Left Front (France)">FG</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou">François Bayrou</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Movement_(France)" title="Democratic Movement (France)">MoDem</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Joly" title="Eva Joly">Eva Joly</a> (<a href="/wiki/Europe_Ecology_%E2%80%93_The_Greens" class="mw-redirect" title="Europe Ecology – The Greens">EELV</a>; <a href="/wiki/2012_Eva_Joly_presidential_campaign" title="2012 Eva Joly presidential campaign">campaign</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Dupont-Aignan" title="Nicolas Dupont-Aignan">Nicolas Dupont-Aignan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Debout_la_France" title="Debout la France">DLR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Poutou" title="Philippe Poutou">Philippe Poutou</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Anticapitalist_Party" title="New Anticapitalist Party">NPA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathalie_Arthaud" title="Nathalie Arthaud">Nathalie Arthaud</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lutte_Ouvri%C3%A8re" title="Lutte Ouvrière">LO</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cheminade" title="Jacques Cheminade">Jacques Cheminade</a> (<a href="/wiki/LaRouche_movement" title="LaRouche movement">SP</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Template:Jean-Marie Le Pen"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Template talk:Jean-Marie Le Pen"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jean-Marie Le Pen"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Jean-Marie Le Pen">Jean-Marie Le Pen</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">National Front</a> (1972–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue,_White_and_Red_Rally" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue, White and Red Rally">Blue, White and Red Rally</a> (2015–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comit%C3%A9s_Jeanne" title="Comités Jeanne">Comités Jeanne</a> (2016–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9moires_:_fils_de_la_nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Mémoires : fils de la nation">Mémoires : fils de la nation</a> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Le_Pen_family" title="Le Pen family">Le Pen family</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marine Le Pen</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierrette_Le_Pen" title="Pierrette Le Pen">Pierrette Le Pen</a> (wife 1960–1987)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Far-right_politics_in_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:French_far_right" title="Template:French far right"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:French_far_right" title="Template talk:French far right"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:French_far_right" title="Special:EditPage/Template:French far right"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Far-right_politics_in_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_far-right_movements_in_France" title="History of far-right movements in France">Far-right politics in France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Precursors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald" title="Louis de Bonald">Bonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Ernest_Boulanger" title="Georges Ernest Boulanger">Boulanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_de_Gobineau" title="Arthur de Gobineau">de Gobineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">de Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Drumont" title="Édouard Drumont">Drumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Vacher_de_Lapouge" title="Georges Vacher de Lapouge">de Lapouge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-1945 groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Action Française">Action Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitic_League_of_France" title="Antisemitic League of France">Antisemitic League of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_National_Party" title="Breton National Party">Breton National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camelots_du_Roi" title="Camelots du Roi">Camelots du Roi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croix-de-Feu" title="Croix-de-Feu">Croix-de-Feu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faisceau" class="mw-redirect" title="Faisceau">Faisceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_National-Collectivist_Party" title="French National-Collectivist Party">French National-Collectivist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Popular_Party" title="French Popular Party">French Popular Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeunesses_Patriotes" title="Jeunesses Patriotes">Jeunesses Patriotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Cagoule" title="La Cagoule">La Cagoule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligue_des_Patriotes" title="Ligue des Patriotes">Ligue des Patriotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milice" title="Milice">Milice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_Franciste" title="Mouvement Franciste">Mouvement Franciste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Popular_Rally" title="National Popular Rally">National Popular Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Social_Movement" title="Revolutionary Social Movement">Revolutionary Social Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_d%27ordre_l%C3%A9gionnaire" title="Service d'ordre légionnaire">Service d'ordre légionnaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarit%C3%A9_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Solidarité Française">Solidarité Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenshirts_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenshirts (France)">Greenshirts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-1945 people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Barr%C3%A8s" title="Maurice Barrès">Barrès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Bainville" title="Jacques Bainville">Bainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Benoist-M%C3%A9chin" title="Jacques Benoist-Méchin">Benoist-Méchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_Bonnard" title="Abel Bonnard">Bonnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Brasillach" title="Robert Brasillach">Brasillach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Bucard" title="Marcel Bucard">Bucard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Cl%C3%A9menti_(politician)" title="Pierre Clémenti (politician)">Clémenti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Coston" title="Henry Coston">Coston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Darnand" title="Joseph Darnand">Darnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Daudet" title="Léon Daudet">Daudet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_D%C3%A9at" title="Marcel Déat">Déat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Deloncle" title="Eugène Deloncle">Deloncle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_D%C3%A9roul%C3%A8de" title="Paul Déroulède">Déroulède</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dorg%C3%A8res" title="Henry Dorgères">Dorgères</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Doriot" title="Jacques Doriot">Doriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Drieu_La_Rochelle" title="Pierre Drieu La Rochelle">Drieu La Rochelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Maulnier" title="Thierry Maulnier">Maulnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Maxence" title="Jean-Pierre Maxence">Maxence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Ousset" title="Jean Ousset">Ousset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Pétain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_Plateau" title="Marius Plateau">Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Pujo" title="Maurice Pujo">Pujo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Rebatet" title="Lucien Rebatet">Rebatet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Vallat" title="Xavier Vallat">Vallat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Vaugeois" title="Henri Vaugeois">Vaugeois</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct post-1945 groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Martel_Group" title="Charles Martel Group">Charles Martel Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe-Action" title="Europe-Action">Europe-Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Rally_for_Liberty" title="European Rally for Liberty">European Rally for Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_d%27action_nationale_et_europ%C3%A9enne" title="Fédération d'action nationale et européenne">Fédération d'action nationale et européenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Nationalist_Students" title="Federation of Nationalist Students">Federation of Nationalist Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_and_European_Nationalist_Party" title="French and European Nationalist Party">French and European Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_Alg%C3%A9rie_Fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Front Algérie Française">Front Algérie Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groupe_Union_D%C3%A9fense" title="Groupe Union Défense">Groupe Union Défense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeune_Nation" title="Jeune Nation">Jeune Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C5%92uvre_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="L'Œuvre Française">L'Œuvre Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_R%C3%A9sistance" title="Nouvelle Résistance">Nouvelle Résistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occident_(movement)" title="Occident (movement)">Occident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordre_Nouveau_(1960s)" title="Ordre Nouveau (1960s)">Ordre Nouveau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_Arm%C3%A9e_Secr%C3%A8te" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation Armée Secrète">Organisation Armée Secrète</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_New_Forces" title="Party of New Forces">Party of New Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phalange_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Phalange Française">Phalange Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Network" title="Radical Network">Radical Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rassemblement_National_Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Rassemblement National Français">Rassemblement National Français</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Nationalist_Groups" title="Revolutionary Nationalist Groups">Revolutionary Nationalist Groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troisi%C3%A8me_Voie" class="mw-redirect" title="Troisième Voie">Troisième Voie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_Radicale" title="Unité Radicale">Unité Radicale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Action Française">Action Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adsav" title="Adsav">Adsav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGRIF" title="AGRIF">AGRIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alsace_First" title="Alsace First">Alsace First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Defence_of_the_Memory_of_Marshal_P%C3%A9tain" title="Association for the Defence of the Memory of Marshal Pétain">Association for the Defence of the Memory of Marshal Pétain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_catholique" title="Cité catholique">Cité catholique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civitas_(movement)" title="Civitas (movement)">Civitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrefour_de_l%27Horloge" title="Carrefour de l'Horloge">Carrefour de l'Horloge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debout_la_France" title="Debout la France">Debout la France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_and_Reconciliation" title="Equality and Reconciliation">Equality and Reconciliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe-Jeunesse" title="Europe-Jeunesse">Europe-Jeunesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nationalists_(France)" title="The Nationalists (France)">The Nationalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Renewal" title="French Renewal">French Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generation_Identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Generation Identity">Generation Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRECE" title="GRECE">GRECE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_the_South_(France)" title="League of the South (France)">League of the South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_European_Resistance" title="National Council of European Resistance">National Council of European Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Movement" title="National Republican Movement">National Republican Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_France" title="Party of France">Party of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rassemblement_National" class="mw-redirect" title="Rassemblement National">Rassemblement National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconqu%C3%AAte" title="Reconquête">Reconquête</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty,_Identity_and_Freedoms" title="Sovereignty, Identity and Freedoms">Sovereignty, Identity and Freedoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terre_et_Peuple" title="Terre et Peuple">Terre et Peuple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Patriots_(France)" title="The Patriots (France)">The Patriots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-1945 people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Aliot" title="Louis Aliot">Aliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Antony" title="Bernard Antony">Antony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serge_Ayoub" title="Serge Ayoub">Ayoub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bard%C3%A8che" title="Maurice Bardèche">Bardèche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Bardella" title="Jordan Bardella">Bardella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Bay" title="Nicolas Bay">Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvan_Benedetti" title="Yvan Benedetti">Benedetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Binet_(neo-Fascist)" title="René Binet (neo-Fascist)">Binet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Bompard" title="Jacques Bompard">Bompard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Bouchet" title="Christian Bouchet">Bouchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bousquet" title="Pierre Bousquet">Bousquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvan_Blot" title="Yvan Blot">Blot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Brigneau" title="François Brigneau">Brigneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steeve_Briois" title="Steeve Briois">Briois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaud_Camus" title="Renaud Camus">Camus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Coston" title="Henry Coston">Coston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist" title="Alain de Benoist">de Benoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_de_Lesquen" title="Henry de Lesquen">de Lesquen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Dior" title="Françoise Dior">Dior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Duprat" title="François Duprat">Duprat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Faye" title="Guillaume Faye">Faye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Fredriksen" title="Mark Fredriksen">Fredriksen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Gollnisch" title="Bruno Gollnisch">Gollnisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Holeindre" title="Roger Holeindre">Holeindre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Jalkh" title="Jean-François Jalkh">Jalkh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Lang" title="Carl Lang">Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Le_Gallou" title="Jean-Yves Le Gallou">Le Gallou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Jean-Marie Le Pen">Le Pen (Jean-Marie)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Le Pen (Marine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Luca" title="Charles Luca">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Mabire" title="Jean Mabire">Maribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Gilles_Malliarakis" title="Jean-Gilles Malliarakis">Malliarakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Marion Maréchal">Maréchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_M%C3%A9gret" title="Bruno Mégret">Mégret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M%C3%A9nard" title="Robert Ménard">Ménard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Messiha" title="Jean Messiha">Messiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florian_Philippot" title="Florian Philippot">Philippot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_de_Poncins" title="Léon de Poncins">de Poncins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pujo" title="Pierre Pujo">Pujo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Rachline" title="David Rachline">Rachline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Ravier" title="Stéphane Ravier">Ravier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Reynouard" title="Vincent Reynouard">Reynouard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Loup_(writer)" title="Saint-Loup (writer)">Saint-Loup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Sidos" title="Pierre Sidos">Sidos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Soral" title="Alain Soral">Soral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Stirbois" title="Jean-Pierre Stirbois">Stirbois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Susini" title="Jean-Jacques Susini">Susini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Tixier-Vignancour" title="Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour">Tixier-Vignancour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Venner" title="Dominique Venner">Venner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Vial" title="Pierre Vial">Vial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Zemmour" title="Éric Zemmour">Zemmour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideologies and movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boulangisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulangisme">Boulangisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurrassisme" title="Maurrassisme">Maurrassisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_Droite" title="Nouvelle Droite">Nouvelle Droite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Pétainism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_nationale" title="Révolution nationale">Révolution nationale</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active publications and media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulevard_Voltaire_(website)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulevard Voltaire (website) (page does not exist)">Boulevard Voltaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9ments" title="Éléments">Éléments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minute_(newspaper)" title="Minute (newspaper)">Minute</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National-Hebdo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National-Hebdo (page does not exist)">National-Hebdo</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/National-Hebdo" class="extiw" title="fr:National-Hebdo">fr</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_%C3%89cole" title="Nouvelle École">Nouvelle École</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sent" title="Présent">Présent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Courtoisie" title="Radio Courtoisie">Radio Courtoisie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivarol_(magazine)" title="Rivarol (magazine)">Rivarol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV-Libert%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="TV-Libertés">TV-Libertés</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dreyfus_affair" title="Dreyfus affair">Dreyfus affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> (<a href="/wiki/Revanchism" title="Revanchism">Revanchism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/6_February_1934_crisis" title="6 February 1934 crisis">6 February 1934 crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a> (<a href="/wiki/Algiers_putsch_of_1961" title="Algiers putsch of 1961">Algiers putsch of 1961</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12927#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12927#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12927#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000022752044">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/30686568">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1656931/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJbCKvdTghrGDxxC6MGrbd">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/131997335">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2006077842">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15069641h">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15069641h">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/001262599">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV269361">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0135308&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000128095&CON_LNG=ENG">Russia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p410618977">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/12031330">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000276038&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/m48v2l02kl4sp3cx">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810622538805606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007454828505171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA18757495?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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