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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Christian_personal_law" title="Special:EditPage/Christian personal law">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Christian+personal+law%22">"Christian personal law"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Christian+personal+law%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Christian+personal+law%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Christian+personal+law%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Christian+personal+law%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Christian+personal+law%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Christian personal law</b> or <a href="/wiki/Family_law" title="Family law">family law</a> regulates adoption, divorce, guardianship, marriage and succession in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. The provisions of <a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">canon law</a> concerning <a href="/wiki/Catholic_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic marriage">marriage</a> are recognised as the personal law of <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_India" title="Catholic Church in India">Roman Catholics</a> in India (except in the state of <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a>). Marriages of <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_India" title="Christianity in India">Indian Christians</a> are regulated by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Christian_Marriage_Act,_1872" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Christian Marriage Act, 1872">Indian Christian Marriage Act, 1872</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Singh1993_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh1993-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christian personal law is not applicable in Goa; instead, the <a href="/wiki/Goa_civil_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Goa civil code">Goa civil code</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (also known as Goa Family Law) is the set of civil laws that regulate the residents of the Indian state of Goa. In India as a whole, there are religion-specific civil codes that separately govern adherents of different religions. Goa is an exception to that rule in that a single secular code governs all Goans, irrespective of religion, ethnicity or linguistic affiliation. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adoption">Adoption</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_personal_law&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Adoption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Christians in India can adopt children by resorting to section 41 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act of 2006 and the guidelines and rules issued by various state governments. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Divorce">Divorce</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_personal_law&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Divorce"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both husband and wife can seek a divorce on the grounds of: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Adultery" title="Adultery">Adultery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruelty" title="Cruelty">Cruelty</a></li> <li>Desertion for more than seven years</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insanity" title="Insanity">Insanity</a> for more than two years</li> <li>Incurable <a href="/wiki/Leprosy" title="Leprosy">leprosy</a> for more than two years</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">Conversion</a> to another religion</li> <li>Willful refusal to <a href="/wiki/Consummate" class="mw-redirect" title="Consummate">consummate</a> the marriage</li> <li>Not being heard from for 7 years</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venereal_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Venereal disease">Venereal disease</a> in communicable form for two years</li> <li>Failure to obey the order for restitution of <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">conjugal rights</a></li></ol> <p>However, the wife can additionally sue for divorce on the grounds of: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">Rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodomy" title="Sodomy">Sodomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bestiality" class="mw-redirect" title="Bestiality">Bestiality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">Incest</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Guardianship">Guardianship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_personal_law&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Guardianship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Christians in India are governed generally by the provisions of the Guardians and Wards Act (Central Act No 8 of 1890). It deals with matters relating to guardianship of minors in respect to their person and property. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage">Marriage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_personal_law&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Christian marriage in India is regulated by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Christian_Marriage_Act,_1872" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Christian Marriage Act, 1872">Indian Christian Marriage Act of 1872</a>. The Law applies to the entirety of India except for the territories which, immediately before 1 November 1956, formed the states of <a href="/wiki/Travancore-Cochin" class="mw-redirect" title="Travancore-Cochin">Travancore-Cochin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>. Therefore, the act does not apply to marriages of Christians solemnised in the territories of the former states of <a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cochin" title="Kingdom of Cochin">Cochin</a> which now form part of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_Legislature" title="Tamil Nadu Legislature">Tamil Nadu Legislature</a>, by its Act No 27 of 1995, extended the Indian Christian Marriage Act of 1872 to the territories of the <a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari_district" title="Kanyakumari district">Kanyakumari District</a> and Sengottai Thaluk (which were transferred to <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a> after the reorganization of Indian states). However, civil marriages among Christians in the former <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">princely state</a> of Cochin are regulated by the provisions of the Cochin Christian Civil Marriage Act 1095 ME. Civil marriages among Christians in Jammu and Kashmir are regulated by the Jammu and Kashmir Christian Marriage and Divorce Act, 1957. There is no statute regulating solemnisation of marriages among Christians in Manipur; rather, <a href="/wiki/Customary_law" title="Customary law">customary law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Personal_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal law">personal law</a> prevail there. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Succession">Succession</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_personal_law&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Indian Succession Act of 1865 was comprehensively amended and consolidated by the Indian Succession Act of 1925. Neither the Indian Succession Act of 1865 nor the Act of 1925 was to apply to Christians in India. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_personal_law&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_personal_law" title="Hindu personal law">Hindu personal law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_personal_law" title="Muslim personal law">Muslim personal law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prohibition_of_Child_Marriage_Act,_2006" title="The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006">The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Marriage_Act,_1955" title="Hindu Marriage Act, 1955">Hindu Marriage Act, 1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Women_(Protection_of_Rights_on_Divorce)_Act_1986" title="Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act 1986">Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Marriage_Act,_1954" title="Special Marriage Act, 1954">Special Marriage Act, 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_civil_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform civil code">Uniform civil code</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_personal_law&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Singh1993-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Singh1993_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFShiv_Sahai_Singh1993" class="citation book cs1">Shiv Sahai Singh (1 January 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_c5qnnJSs20C&pg=PA30"><i>Unification of Divorce Laws in India</i></a>. Deep & Deep Publications. pp. 30–32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7100-592-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7100-592-5"><bdi>978-81-7100-592-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unification+of+Divorce+Laws+in+India&rft.pages=30-32&rft.pub=Deep+%26+Deep+Publications&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-7100-592-5&rft.au=Shiv+Sahai+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_c5qnnJSs20C%26pg%3DPA30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+personal+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mmascgoa.tripod.com/id12.html">"Goa's Civil Code"</a>. <i>mmascgoa.tripod.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mmascgoa.tripod.com&rft.atitle=Goa%27s+Civil+Code&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmmascgoa.tripod.com%2Fid12.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+personal+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christian_personal_law&oldid=1258739730">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christian_personal_law&oldid=1258739730</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_family_law" title="Category:Indian family law">Indian family law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Legislation_in_British_India" title="Category:Legislation in British India">Legislation in British India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christianity_in_India" title="Category:Christianity in India">Christianity in India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_law" title="Category:Christian law">Christian law</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_November_2018" title="Category:Use dmy dates from November 2018">Use dmy dates from November 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Indian_English_from_November_2018" title="Category:Use Indian English from November 2018">Use Indian English from November 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Indian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English">All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_November_2018" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from November 2018">Articles needing additional references from November 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 November 2024, at 10:09<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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