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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E9%AB%98%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6%E8%97%8D%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%AB%98%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6%E8%97%8D%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div 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id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-發現和歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#發現和歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>發現和歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-發現和歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-物理性質" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#物理性質"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>物理性質</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-物理性質-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-演化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#演化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>演化</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-演化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-類超新星爆發" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#類超新星爆發"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>類超新星爆發</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-類超新星爆發-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-高光度蓝变星列表" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#高光度蓝变星列表"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>高光度蓝变星列表</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-高光度蓝变星列表-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關條目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關條目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>相關條目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相關條目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">高光度藍變星</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。32种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligsterk_blou_veranderlike" title="Ligsterk blou veranderlike – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ligsterk blou veranderlike" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%82_%D9%85%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A1" title="متغير أزرق مضيء – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="متغير أزرق مضيء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_lluminosa_azul" title="Variable lluminosa azul – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Variable lluminosa azul" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_lluminosa_blava" title="Variable lluminosa blava – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Variable lluminosa blava" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leuchtkr%C3%A4ftiger_Blauer_Ver%C3%A4nderlicher" title="Leuchtkräftiger Blauer Veränderlicher – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Leuchtkräftiger Blauer Veränderlicher" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminous_blue_variable" title="Luminous blue variable – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Luminous blue variable" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hela_blua_varia_stelo" title="Hela blua varia stelo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hela blua varia stelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_luminosa_azul" title="Variable luminosa azul – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Variable luminosa azul" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izar_aldakor_urdin_argitsu" title="Izar aldakor urdin argitsu – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Izar aldakor urdin argitsu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86" title="متغیر آبی درخشان – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="متغیر آبی درخشان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkas_sininen_muuttuja" title="Kirkas sininen muuttuja – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kirkas sininen muuttuja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_lumineuse_bleue" title="Variable lumineuse bleue – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Variable lumineuse bleue" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ollfhathachr%C3%A9alta_ghorm_athraitheach_lonr%C3%BAil" title="Ollfhathachréalta ghorm athraitheach lonrúil – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ollfhathachréalta ghorm athraitheach lonrúil" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%9B%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8" title="משתנה כחול ובהיר – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="משתנה כחול ובהיר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="तेजस्वी नीला परिवर्ती तारा – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तेजस्वी नीला परिवर्ती तारा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9nyes_k%C3%A9k_v%C3%A1ltoz%C3%B3csillag" title="Fényes kék változócsillag – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fényes kék változócsillag" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%BF_%D6%83%D5%B8%D6%83%D5%B8%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Լուսավոր կապույտ փոփոխականներ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լուսավոր կապույտ փոփոխականներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variabel_biru_bercahaya" title="Variabel biru bercahaya – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Variabel biru bercahaya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variabile_S_Doradus" title="Variabile S Doradus – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Variabile S Doradus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6%E9%9D%92%E8%89%B2%E5%A4%89%E5%85%89%E6%98%9F" title="高光度青色変光星 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="高光度青色変光星" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%9D%EC%9D%80_%EC%B2%AD%EC%83%89%EB%B3%80%EA%B4%91%EC%84%B1" title="밝은 청색변광성 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="밝은 청색변광성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%95%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Сјајна сина променлива ѕвезда – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сјајна сина променлива ѕвезда" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichtsterke_blauwe_variabele" title="Lichtsterke blauwe variabele – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lichtsterke blauwe variabele" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwiazdy_zmienne_typu_S_Doradus" title="Gwiazdy zmienne typu S Doradus – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gwiazdy zmienne typu S Doradus" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vari%C3%A1vel_luminosa_azul" title="Variável luminosa azul – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Variável luminosa azul" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variabil%C4%83_luminoas%C4%83_albastr%C4%83" title="Variabilă luminoasă albastră – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Variabilă luminoasă albastră" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Яркая голубая переменная – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Яркая голубая переменная" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminous_blue_variable" title="Luminous blue variable – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Luminous blue variable" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svetla_modra_spremenljivka" title="Svetla modra spremenljivka – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Svetla modra spremenljivka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysande_bl%C3%A5_variabel" title="Lysande blå variabel – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lysande blå variabel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlak_mavi_de%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fenler" title="Parlak mavi değişenler – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Parlak mavi değişenler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%83_S_%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Змінні зорі типу S Золотої Риби – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Змінні зорі типу S Золотої Риби" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q742741#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-dd7ceab0" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-title" data-noteta-code="zh-cn:高光度蓝变星; zh-tw:亮藍變星"></div><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-cn:高光度蓝变星; zh-tw:亮藍變星"></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AG_Carinae_(HD_94910).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/AG_Carinae_%28HD_94910%29.png/260px-AG_Carinae_%28HD_94910%29.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/AG_Carinae_%28HD_94910%29.png/390px-AG_Carinae_%28HD_94910%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/AG_Carinae_%28HD_94910%29.png/520px-AG_Carinae_%28HD_94910%29.png 2x" data-file-width="669" data-file-height="671" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BC%AF%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="哈伯太空望遠鏡">哈伯太空望遠鏡</a>拍攝的亮藍變星<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%B9%E5%BA%95%E5%BA%A7AG" title="船底座AG">AG Carinae</a>。</figcaption></figure> <p><b>亮藍變星</b>（<b>LBVs</b>）是大質量恆星的演化過程中，在光譜和光度上都顯示不可預測，有時甚至是劇烈變化的狀態。它們依據<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%BA%A6%E5%93%B2%E4%BC%A6%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB" title="大麦哲伦星系">大麥哲倫星系</a>最亮的恆星之一，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%8D%E9%AD%9A%E5%BA%A7S" title="劍魚座S">劍魚座S</a>命名，也被稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%8D%E9%AD%9A%E5%BA%A7S%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="劍魚座S型變星">劍魚座S型變星</a>。這種變星非常罕見，在<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F%E7%B8%BD%E8%A1%A8" title="變星總表">變星總表</a>中標示為SDor列出的大約只有20顆<sup id="cite_ref-GCVS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GCVS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，而且其中有一些已經不再被認為是亮藍變星。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="發現和歷史"><span id=".E7.99.BC.E7.8F.BE.E5.92.8C.E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>發現和歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6%E8%97%8D%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：發現和歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P_Cygni_Profile.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/P_Cygni_Profile.png/250px-P_Cygni_Profile.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/P_Cygni_Profile.png/375px-P_Cygni_Profile.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/P_Cygni_Profile.png/500px-P_Cygni_Profile.png 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5%E5%A2%9E%E4%B9%9D" title="天津增九">天鵝P譜線輪廓</a>的譜線。</figcaption></figure> <p>屬於亮藍變星的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5%E5%A2%9E%E4%B9%9D" title="天津增九">天津增九</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B1%B1%E4%BA%8C" title="海山二">海山二</a>，自17世紀以來一直被稱為不可思議的變星，而它們的真實性質直到最近才被完全理解。 </p><p>在1922年，約翰·查理斯·鄧肯公布在系外星系<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E5%BA%A7%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB" title="三角座星系">三角座星系</a>（M33）中探測到三顆變星，即變星1、2和3。之後，<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E5%BE%B7%E6%BA%AB%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E4%BC%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="愛德溫·哈伯">愛德溫·哈伯</a>在1926年又對它們進行的多次的探測：標示為M33的A、B和C。然後，1929年加入了在M31中檢測到的變星清單。其中，M33的變星A、B、C和2，以及M31的變星19，在1953年又被哈伯和<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E4%BC%A6%C2%B7%E6%A1%91%E5%BE%B7%E5%A5%87" title="艾伦·桑德奇">艾倫·桑德奇</a>進行了詳細的研究。M33的變星1因為太暗但被排除，變星3被歸類為<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E7%88%B6%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="造父變星">造父變星</a>。盡管它們是那些星系中最明亮而引人注目的恆星，當時也都只被描述為不規則變星<sup id="cite_ref-hubble-sandage_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hubble-sandage-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。哈伯和桑德奇原始論文中有一個註腳，提到劍魚座S可能是同類型的恆星，但仍強烈的保留。因此，之間的聯繫得等到數十年後才能得到確認。 </p><p>後來的論文將這五顆變星稱為哈伯-桑德奇變星。在20世紀70年代，M33的變星83和在M31的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%99%E5%A5%B3%E5%BA%A7AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="仙女座AE（页面不存在）">仙女座AE</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%99%E5%A5%B3%E5%BA%A7AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="仙女座AF（页面不存在）">仙女座AF</a>（變星19）、變星15、和變星A-1都被加入這份清單中。雖然當時還沒有正式的名稱，但有些作者已經稱它們為<i>亮藍變星</i>。它們的光譜與海山二比較，有<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5%E5%A2%9E%E4%B9%9D" title="天津增九">天鵝P譜線輪廓</a>的譜線<sup id="cite_ref-rosino_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rosino-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在1978年，蘿勃塔·亨弗裡斯發表了一份關於 M31 和 M33（不包括變星A）中八顆變星的研究報告，將它們稱為亮藍變星，並與劍魚座S連結為同一類的變星<sup id="cite_ref-humphreys_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-humphreys-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在1984年，彼得·孔蒂（Peter Conti）在國際天文學聯合會的研討會演講中將劍魚座S、哈伯-桑德奇變星、海山二、天津增九和其它類似的變星以<i>亮藍變星</i>將它們整合在一起，縮寫即為LBV。他也明確地將沃夫-瑞葉星和其它的高光度藍色星區分出來<sup id="cite_ref-conti_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conti-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>變星通常是以第一顆被發現的成員星來命名，例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%BE%E7%89%8C%E5%BA%A7%CE%B4%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="盾牌座δ型變星">盾牌座δ型變星</a>是以<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%BC%81%E4%BA%8C" title="天弁二">盾牌座δ</a>命名。第一顆被確認的亮藍變星是天鵝座P（天津増九），這一類星的變星應該被稱為天鵝座P型變星。但是<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F%E7%B8%BD%E8%A1%A8" title="變星總表">變星總表</a>認為這會與發生在其他類型的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5%E5%A2%9E%E4%B9%9D" title="天津增九">天鵝P譜線輪廓</a>混淆，所以選擇了劍魚座S（S Doradus）這顆星的首字碼縮寫SDOR做為這一類型變星的標示<sup id="cite_ref-sharov_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sharov-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在1974年，SDOR這個術語被用來描述天津增九（天鵝座P）、劍魚座S、海山二、和哈伯-桑德奇這一組變星<sup id="cite_ref-thackaray_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thackaray-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="物理性質"><span id=".E7.89.A9.E7.90.86.E6.80.A7.E8.B3.AA"></span>物理性質</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6%E8%97%8D%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：物理性質"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lbvstar.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Lbvstar.png/330px-Lbvstar.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Lbvstar.png/495px-Lbvstar.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Lbvstar.png/660px-Lbvstar.png 2x" data-file-width="1669" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>顯示劍魚座S不穩定帶和亮藍變星位置的赫羅圖。</figcaption></figure> <p>亮藍變星是大質量的不穩定<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="超巨星">超巨星</a>（或<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E8%B6%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="特超巨星">特超巨星</a>），顯示出各種光譜和光度的變化，最明顯的是週期性的<i>爆發</i>和偶爾更大的<i>噴發</i>。 </p><p>在它們的<i>寧靜</i>狀態下，它們通常是B型恆星，通常也都比較熱並伴隨著不尋常的發射譜線。它們被發現在<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E7%BE%85%E5%9C%96" title="赫羅圖">赫羅圖</a>中現在被稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%8D%E9%AD%9A%E5%BA%A7S" title="劍魚座S">劍魚座S</a>的不穩定帶的區域；其中最暗的溫度約在10,000K左右，亮度約為太陽的250,000倍；最亮的溫度大約在25,000K，亮度超過太陽的100萬倍，使它們全都成為<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="恆星光度列表">最亮的</a>恆星。 </p><p>在一次正常的爆發中，所有這一類恆星的表面溫度都會降低至約8,500K左右，只比<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E8%B6%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="黄超巨星">黃超巨星</a>的溫度稍高一些。全波段光度通常保持不變，這意味著視亮度增加了一或二個等級。這是劍魚座S的典型行為，已經發現了好幾個例子。在爆發的過程中，光度似乎會發生變化，但這些不尋常恆星的特性很難準確的測定。例如，<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%B9%E5%BA%95%E5%BA%A7AG" title="船底座AG">船底座AG</a>在爆發時的光度大約降低了30%；然而<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="AFGL 2298" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="AFGL 2298"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=AFGL_2298&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AFGL 2298（页面不存在）">AFGL 2298</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFGL_2298" class="extiw" title="en:AFGL 2298"><span lang="en" dir="auto">AFGL 2298</span></a></span>）</span></span>已被觀察到在爆發時光度顯著的增加，但是不清楚是否該被歸類為週期性的<i>爆發</i>還是偶爾的更大<i>噴發</i><sup id="cite_ref-jorick_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jorick-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。劍魚座S典型的這種行為被稱為<i>強活躍週期</i>，被視為是確定一顆亮藍變星的一個關鍵標準。出現兩種不同的週期，要麼變化週期超過20年，要麼不到10年。在某些情況下，變化要小得多，不到半個星等，只有很小幅度的溫度下降。這些總是發生在週期不到10年的尺度上，被稱為<i>弱活動週期</i><sup id="cite_ref-sterken_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sterken-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>已經觀察到一些經歷過巨大噴發的亮藍變星，由於質量的損失和亮度猛烈的急遽增加，以至於有幾顆起初被歸類為超新星。爆發通常意味著會有<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E9%9B%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="星雲">星雲</a>圍繞著這樣的恆星；已知研究最多、最明亮的例子是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B1%B1%E4%BA%8C" title="海山二">海山二</a>，但它可能並非典型<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。一般認為，所有的亮藍變星都經歷了一次或多次這樣的大爆發，但它們之中只有兩、三顆被好好的研究過，可能還有少數超新星是它們冒名頂替的。天鵝座P和海山二是我們銀河系中兩個明顯的例子，HD 5980A是在小麥哲倫雲星系中可能的例子，但都沒有顯示出明顯的週期性變化。這兩種類型的變異性仍有可能發生在不同的恆星群<sup id="cite_ref-vangenderen_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vangenderen-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。三維模擬顯示，這些爆發可能是由氦的不透明度引起的<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>許多亮藍變星也顯示出週期不到一年，振幅較小的變異性情況；這似乎是典型的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%B5%9D%E5%BA%A7%CE%B1%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="天鵝座α型變星">天鵝座α型變星</a><sup id="cite_ref-jorick_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jorick-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，和隨機（即完全隨機）的變化 <sup id="cite_ref-sterken_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sterken-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>根據定義，亮藍變星比大多數的恆星更明亮、質量也更大，但是分布的範圍也非常大。最明亮的可能超過百萬<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E4%BA%AE%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽亮度">太陽亮度</a>和質量接近100 <i>M</i><sub>☉</sub>；亮度最低的也有25萬倍太陽亮度，質量也可以低到只有10 <i>M</i><sub>☉</sub>，然而它們在身為主序星時的質量都會更大。它們都有很高的質量損失，並顯示出一些氦和氮的增強<sup id="cite_ref-jorick_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jorick-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="演化"><span id=".E6.BC.94.E5.8C.96"></span>演化</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6%E8%97%8D%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：演化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EtaCarinae-HST-1995-09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/EtaCarinae-HST-1995-09.jpg/220px-EtaCarinae-HST-1995-09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/EtaCarinae-HST-1995-09.jpg/330px-EtaCarinae-HST-1995-09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/EtaCarinae-HST-1995-09.jpg/440px-EtaCarinae-HST-1995-09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="684" data-file-height="684" /></a><figcaption>由<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B1%B1%E4%BA%8C" title="海山二">海山二</a>大爆發產生的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%8F%E5%84%92%E6%98%9F%E9%9B%B2" title="侏儒星雲">侏儒星雲</a>。</figcaption></figure> <p>由於這些恆星的質量大、亮度高，它們的<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="恆星演化">壽命</a>非常短，總共只有幾百萬年，而亮藍變星階段的時間不到100萬年<sup id="cite_ref-groh0114_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-groh0114-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。它們在可觀測的時間尺度上迅速演變；例如，具有沃夫-瑞葉光譜（WNL/Ofpe）的恆星顯示已經歷過亮藍變星爆發，也有少數<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="超新星">超新星</a>被追蹤到可能是亮藍變星的後代。最近的理論研究證實了後者的情況，即一些大質量恆星，至少對初始質量在20-25<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽質量">太陽質量</a>的恆星是如此，亮藍變星是在超新星爆炸之前演化的最後階段<sup id="cite_ref-groh0113_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-groh0113-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。對於質量更大的恆星，電腦模擬它們的演化建議：在亮藍變星階段，表面溫度較高的亮藍變星，最後的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E7%87%83%E7%87%92" title="氫燃燒">氫燃燒</a>階段在核心進行，表面溫度較低的亮藍變星，最後的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E7%87%83%E7%87%92" title="氫燃燒">氫燃燒</a>階段在殼層進行，而在過渡到<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%AB%E2%80%93%E6%8B%89%E8%91%89%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="沃爾夫–拉葉星">沃夫-瑞葉階段</a>之前，最早的核<a href="/wiki/3%E6%B0%A6%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="3氦過程">氦燃燒</a>階段，亮藍變星表面的溫度再增高<sup id="cite_ref-groh2014_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-groh2014-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，因此類似於質量較小的恆星在<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="紅巨星">紅巨星</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E8%B6%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="紅超巨星">紅超巨星</a>的階段。 </p><p>亮藍變星似乎有兩個族群：一組的亮度高達太陽的63萬倍以上，另一駔的亮度低於太陽的40萬，然而在最近的研究中對這仍有爭議<sup id="cite_ref-groh0813_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-groh0813-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。模型的建構顯示，低亮度組是後紅超巨星，初始質量是太陽的30-60倍的，高亮度組是初始質量為太陽的60-90倍的<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E6%97%8F" title="星族">第二星族星</a>，它們可能會發展成<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E8%B6%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="黄超巨星">黃超巨星</a>，但從未成為<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E8%B6%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="紅超巨星">紅超巨星</a><sup id="cite_ref-stothers_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stothers-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。一些模型顯示亮藍變星是質量非常大的恆星在演化中的一個階段，而這些恆星需要拋掉多餘的質量<sup id="cite_ref-smith_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，而其它的恆星則在較早的低溫超巨星階段丟失質量 <sup id="cite_ref-stothers_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stothers-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。正常的爆發和處於寧靜狀態的恆星風不足以承擔這些質量的損失，但亮藍變星偶爾會發生異常的<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="假超新星">大爆發</a>，而可能被誤認為是微弱的超新星，而這會排出必要的質量。最近的模型都認同亮藍變星階段發生在主序星階段之後和氫耗盡的沃夫-瑞葉階段之前。基本上，所有的亮藍變星最終都會爆炸成為超新星。亮藍變星顯然可以爆炸成為超新星，但可能只有一小部分爆炸。如果在亮藍變星階段結束前沒有失去足夠的質量，它可能會經歷一個由<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E7%A9%A9%E5%AE%9A%E5%B0%8D%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="不穩定對超新星">不穩定對</a>成為特別強大的超新星。最新的恆星演化模型顯示，一顆初始質量是太陽20倍的單獨恆星，將成為亮藍變星或II-p、IIb形或Ib超新星爆炸<sup id="cite_ref-groh0113_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-groh0113-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，而聯星通過包絡剝離會經歷更複雜的演化，導致其結果不可預測<sup id="cite_ref-sana_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sana-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="類超新星爆發"><span id=".E9.A1.9E.E8.B6.85.E6.96.B0.E6.98.9F.E7.88.86.E7.99.BC"></span>類超新星爆發</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6%E8%97%8D%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：類超新星爆發"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stars_similar_to_Eta_Carinae_in_nearby_galaxies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Stars_similar_to_Eta_Carinae_in_nearby_galaxies.jpg/260px-Stars_similar_to_Eta_Carinae_in_nearby_galaxies.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Stars_similar_to_Eta_Carinae_in_nearby_galaxies.jpg/390px-Stars_similar_to_Eta_Carinae_in_nearby_galaxies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Stars_similar_to_Eta_Carinae_in_nearby_galaxies.jpg/520px-Stars_similar_to_Eta_Carinae_in_nearby_galaxies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="551" /></a><figcaption>鄰近星系中類似海山二（船底座η）的恆星。</figcaption></figure> <p>高光度藍變星可以經歷"巨量的爆發"，大幅度的質量損失和顯著的光度增加。海山二<sup id="cite_ref-smith_frew2011_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith_frew2011-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，還有在300-400年前也展示一次獲多次類似爆發的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5%E5%A2%9E%E4%B9%9D" title="天津增九">天津增九</a>（天鵝座P）<sup id="cite_ref-humphreys1999_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-humphreys1999-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>都是典型的例子。不過，現在有數十個在銀河系外的例子，其中許多最初都被歸類為<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="超新星">超新星</a>，但因為有異常的特徵而被重新檢查<sup id="cite_ref-imposters_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imposters-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。爆發後和原恆星的性質似乎都是有著明顯變化的變星<sup id="cite_ref-unmasking_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unmasking-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，其爆發最有可能的原因有好幾個。海山二和天津增九的爆發，以及在銀河系外看到的幾起爆發，都已經持續了幾年或幾十年，而一些<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="假超新星">假超新星</a>事件在幾個月內就已經下降回到正常的光度。研究透徹的範例有： </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_1954J&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SN 1954J（页面不存在）">SN 1954J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_1961V" title="SN 1961V">SN 1961V</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_1997bs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SN 1997bs（页面不存在）">SN 1997bs</a></li></ul> <p>早期的恆星演化模型預測，雖然高光度藍變星這類的大質量恆星經常或總是以超新星的形式結束他們的生命，但超新星爆炸不會在高光度藍變星的階段發生。做為<a href="/wiki/SN_1987A" title="SN 1987A">SN 1987A</a>母恆星的藍超巨星，很像是高光度藍變星，之後的幾顆超新星似乎也都與高光度藍變星有關。<a href="/wiki/SN_2005gl" title="SN 2005gl">SN 2005gl</a>的後代被證明是一顆高光度藍變星，並且很顯然在早幾年前才爆發過<sup id="cite_ref-2005gl_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2005gl-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。已經檢測到其他幾顆IIn型超新星的母恆星可能是高光度藍變星<sup id="cite_ref-tartaglia_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tartaglia-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_2009ip&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SN 2009ip（页面不存在）">SN 2009ip</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_2010jl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SN 2010jl（页面不存在）">SN 2010jl</a></li></ul> <p>建模表明，<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E9%87%8F" title="金屬量">金屬量</a>與太陽相近，初始質量在20–25 <i>M</i><sub>☉</sub>左右的恆星，在高光度藍變星的階段時，會像超新星一樣的爆炸。它們將成為後紅超巨星，亮度會是太陽的幾十萬倍。超新星預期為第二型超新星，最有可能是IIb，然而因為在高光度藍變星和<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E7%89%B9%E8%B6%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="黃特超巨星">黃特超巨星</a>階段增強的質量損失，也不排除IIn的可能性<sup id="cite_ref-groh_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-groh-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="高光度蓝变星列表"><span id=".E9.AB.98.E5.85.89.E5.BA.A6.E8.93.9D.E5.8F.98.E6.98.9F.E5.88.97.E8.A1.A8"></span>高光度蓝变星列表</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6%E8%97%8D%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：高光度蓝变星列表"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B1%B1%E4%BA%8C" title="海山二">海山二</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E6%A7%8D%E6%98%9F" title="手槍星">手槍星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBV_1806-20" title="LBV 1806-20">LBV 1806-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%B5%9D%E5%BA%A7P" class="mw-redirect" title="天鵝座P">天鵝座P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%8D%E9%AD%9A%E5%BA%A7S" title="劍魚座S">劍魚座S</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HD_269858%3DR127&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HD 269858=R127（页面不存在）">HD 269858=R127</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HD_269006%3DR71&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HD 269006=R71（页面不存在）">HD 269006=R71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%B9%E5%BA%95%E5%BA%A7AG" title="船底座AG">船底座AG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wray_17-96" title="Wray 17-96">Wray 17-96</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%99%E5%A5%B3%E5%BA%A7AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="仙女座AF（页面不存在）">仙女座AF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%99%E5%A5%B3%E5%BA%A7AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="仙女座AE（页面不存在）">仙女座AE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_5980" title="HD 5980">HD 5980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanduleak_-69%C2%B0_202a" title="Sanduleak -69° 202a">Sanduleak -69° 202a</a>；已經不存在，爆炸後稱為<a href="/wiki/SN_1987A" title="SN 1987A">超新星1987 A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_168607" title="HD 168607">HD 168607</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關條目"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C.E6.A2.9D.E7.9B.AE"></span>相關條目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6%E8%97%8D%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：相關條目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="恒星光度列表">恒星光度列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="極超新星">極超新星</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6%E8%97%8D%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GCVS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GCVS_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150511163054/http://www.sai.msu.su/gcvs/gcvs/iii/vartype.txt">GCVS Variability Types</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Catalogue_of_Variable_Stars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Catalogue of Variable Stars（页面不存在）">General Catalogue of Variable Stars</a> @ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Centre_de_donn%C3%A9es_astronomiques_de_Strasbourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg（页面不存在）">Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow, Russia</a>. 12 Feb 2009 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span 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SR</a>].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%AB%98%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6%E8%97%8D%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F&rft.atitle=Pulsations+and+Hydrodynamics+of+Luminous+Blue+Variable+Stars&rft.au=Lovekin%2C+Catherine+C.&rft.aufirst=Joyce+A.&rft.aulast=Guzik&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=preprint&rft.jtitle=arXiv&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1402.0257v1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vangenderen-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vangenderen_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">van Genderen, A. M. S Doradus variables in the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2001, <b>366</b> (2): 508–531. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001A&A...366..508V"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2001A&A...366..508V</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0004-6361"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 0004-6361</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A20000022"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20000022</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%AB%98%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6%E8%97%8D%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F&rft.atitle=S+Doradus+variables+in+the+Galaxy+and+the+Magellanic+Clouds&rft.aufirst=A.+M.&rft.aulast=van+Genderen&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0004-6361&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Astronomy+and+Astrophysics&rft.pages=508-531&rft.volume=366&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001A%26A...366..508V&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A20000022&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Jiang, Yan-Fei; Cantiello, Matteo; Bildsten, Lars; Quataert, Eliot; Blaes, Omer; Stone, James. 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September 2018, <b>561</b> (7724): 498–501. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-0836"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 0028-0836</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30258134"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 30258134</span></a>. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/1809.10187"><span title="arXiv">arXiv:1809.10187</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586-018-0525-0"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0525-0</span></a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%AB%98%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6%E8%97%8D%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F&rft.atitle=Outbursts+of+luminous+blue+variable+stars+from+variations+in+the+helium+opacity&rft.au=Bildsten%2C+Lars&rft.au=Blaes%2C+Omer&rft.au=Cantiello%2C+Matteo&rft.au=Quataert%2C+Eliot&rft.au=Stone%2C+James&rft.aufirst=Yan-Fei&rft.aulast=Jiang&rft.date=2018-09&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft.issue=7724&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.pages=498-501&rft.volume=561&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1809.10187&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41586-018-0525-0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30258134&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-groh0114-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-groh0114_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Groh, Jose; Meynet, Georges; Ekstrom, Sylvia; Georgy, Cyril. The evolution of massive stars and their spectra I. A non-rotating 60 Msun star from the zero-age main sequence to the pre-supernova stage. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2014, <b>564</b>: A30. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014A&A...564A..30G"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2014A&A...564A..30G</span></a>. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/1401.7322"><span title="arXiv">arXiv:1401.7322</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201322573"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322573</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%AB%98%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6%E8%97%8D%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F&rft.atitle=The+evolution+of+massive+stars+and+their+spectra+I.+A+non-rotating+60+Msun+star+from+the+zero-age+main+sequence+to+the+pre-supernova+stage&rft.au=Ekstrom%2C+Sylvia&rft.au=Georgy%2C+Cyril&rft.au=Meynet%2C+Georges&rft.aufirst=Jose&rft.aulast=Groh&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astronomy+%26+Astrophysics&rft.pages=A30&rft.volume=564&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1401.7322&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014A%26A...564A..30G&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201322573&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-groh0113-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-groh0113_14-0"><sup><b>14.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-groh0113_14-1"><sup><b>14.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Groh, J. H.; Meynet, G.; Ekström, S. Massive star evolution: Luminous blue variables as unexpected supernova progenitors. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2013, <b>550</b>: L7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013A&A...550L...7G"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2013A&A...550L...7G</span></a>. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/1301.1519"><span title="arXiv">arXiv:1301.1519</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201220741"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220741</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%AB%98%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6%E8%97%8D%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F&rft.atitle=Massive+star+evolution%3A+Luminous+blue+variables+as+unexpected+supernova+progenitors&rft.au=Ekstr%C3%B6m%2C+S.&rft.au=Meynet%2C+G.&rft.aufirst=J.+H.&rft.aulast=Groh&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astronomy+%26+Astrophysics&rft.pages=L7&rft.volume=550&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1301.1519&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013A%26A...550L...7G&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201220741&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-groh2014-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-groh2014_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Groh, Jose; Meynet, Georges; Ekstrom, Sylvia; Georgy, Cyril. The evolution of massive stars and their spectra I. A non-rotating 60 Msun star from the zero-age main sequence to the pre-supernova stage. 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J.; Djorgovski, S. G.; Gal-Yam, A.; Fabrika, S.; Barsukova, E. A.; Goranskij, V. P.; Valeev, A. F.; Fatkhullin, T.; Schulze, S.; Mehner, A.; Bauer, F. E.; Taubenberger, S.; Nordin, J.; Valenti, S.; Howell, D. A.; Benetti, S.; Cappellaro, E.; Fasano, G.; Elias-Rosa, N.; Barbieri, M.; Bettoni, D.; Harutyunyan, A.; Kangas, T.; et al. Interacting supernovae and supernova impostors. LSQ13zm: An outburst heralds the death of a massive star. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2016, <b>459</b> (1): 1039. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MNRAS.459.1039T"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2016MNRAS.459.1039T</span></a>. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/1604.00013"><span title="arXiv">arXiv:1604.00013</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstw675"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1093/mnras/stw675</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%AB%98%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6%E8%97%8D%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F&rft.atitle=Interacting+supernovae+and+supernova+impostors.+LSQ13zm%3A+An+outburst+heralds+the+death+of+a+massive+star&rft.au=Baltay%2C+C.&rft.au=Barbieri%2C+M.&rft.au=Barsukova%2C+E.+A.&rft.au=Bauer%2C+F.+E.&rft.au=Benetti%2C+S.&rft.au=Bettoni%2C+D.&rft.au=Cappellaro%2C+E.&rft.au=Djorgovski%2C+S.+G.&rft.au=Drake%2C+A.+J.&rft.au=Elias-Rosa%2C+N.&rft.au=Fabrika%2C+S.&rft.au=Fasano%2C+G.&rft.au=Fatkhullin%2C+T.&rft.au=Gal-Yam%2C+A.&rft.au=Goranskij%2C+V.+P.&rft.au=Harutyunyan%2C+A.&rft.au=Howell%2C+D.+A.&rft.au=Kangas%2C+T.&rft.au=Kankare%2C+E.&rft.au=Mehner%2C+A.&rft.au=Nordin%2C+J.&rft.au=Nugent%2C+P.&rft.au=Pastorello%2C+A.&rft.au=Rabinowitz%2C+D.&rft.au=Schulze%2C+S.&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+M.&rft.au=Taubenberger%2C+S.&rft.au=Valeev%2C+A.+F.&rft.au=Valenti%2C+S.&rft.aufirst=L.&rft.aulast=Tartaglia&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Notices+of+the+Royal+Astronomical+Society&rft.pages=1039&rft.volume=459&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1604.00013&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016MNRAS.459.1039T&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstw675&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-groh-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-groh_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Groh, J. H.; Meynet, G.; Ekström, S. Massive star evolution: Luminous blue variables as unexpected supernova progenitors. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2013, <b>550</b>: L7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013A&A...550L...7G"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2013A&A...550L...7G</span></a>. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/1301.1519"><span title="arXiv">arXiv:1301.1519</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201220741"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220741</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%AB%98%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6%E8%97%8D%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F&rft.atitle=Massive+star+evolution%3A+Luminous+blue+variables+as+unexpected+supernova+progenitors&rft.au=Ekstr%C3%B6m%2C+S.&rft.au=Meynet%2C+G.&rft.aufirst=J.+H.&rft.aulast=Groh&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astronomy+%26+Astrophysics&rft.pages=L7&rft.volume=550&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1301.1519&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013A%26A...550L...7G&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201220741&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6%E8%97%8D%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>GCVS: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sai.msu.su/groups/cluster/gcvs/cgi-bin/typ.cgi?type=SDOR">劍魚座S型變星列表</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200803113856/http://www.sai.msu.su/groups/cluster/gcvs/cgi-bin/typ.cgi?type=SDOR">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E5%85%B8%E9%80%A0%E7%88%B6%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="經典造父變星">第一型</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E5%85%B8%E9%80%A0%E7%88%B6%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="經典造父變星">經典造父</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%AE%E9%80%A0%E7%88%B6%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="矮造父變星">盾牌座δ型</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%9E%8B%E9%80%A0%E7%88%B6%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="第二型造父變星">第二型</a> <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%A6%E4%BB%99%E5%BA%A7BL%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="武仙座BL型變星（页面不存在）">武仙座BL型</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E5%A5%B3%E5%BA%A7W%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="室女座W型變星">室女座W型</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%89%9B%E5%BA%A7RV%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="金牛座RV型變星">金牛座RV</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%B4%E5%BA%A7RR%E5%9E%8B%E5%8F%98%E6%98%9F" title="天琴座RR型变星">天琴座RR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E6%8C%AF%E7%9B%AAAp%E6%98%9F" title="快速振盪Ap星">快速振盪Ap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%B3%E5%87%B0%E5%BA%A7SX%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="鳳凰座SX型變星">鳳凰座SXs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">藍-白與<br />早期光譜</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%B5%9D%E5%BA%A7%CE%B1%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="天鵝座α型變星">天鵝座α</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%99%E7%8E%8B%E5%BA%A7%CE%B2%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="仙王座β型變星">仙王座β</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A2%E8%84%88%E5%8B%95B%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="慢脈動B型變星">慢脈動B型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1%E5%BA%A7PV%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="望遠鏡座PV型變星">望遠鏡座PV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E5%A4%A7%E6%8C%AF%E5%B9%85%E8%84%88%E5%8B%95%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="藍大振幅脈動變星">藍大振幅脈動變星</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="長週期變星">長週期</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%AD%E8%97%81%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="蒭藁變星">蒭藁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A6%8F%E5%89%87%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="半規則變星">半規則</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A2%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%8F%E5%89%87%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="慢不規則變星">慢不規則</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%8D%E9%AD%9A%E5%BA%A7%CE%B3%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="劍魚座γ型變星">劍魚座γ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F#類太陽振盪" title="變星">類太陽振盪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%88%E5%8B%95%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="脈動白矮星">白矮星</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">噴發</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E5%89%8D%E6%98%9F" title="主序前星">原恆星</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E5%89%8D%E6%98%9F" title="主序前星">PMS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E6%AF%94%E6%A0%BCAe/Be%E6%98%9F" title="赫比格Ae/Be星">Herbig Ae/Be</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E6%88%B6%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="獵戶型變星">獵戶</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E6%88%B6%E5%BA%A7FU%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="獵戶座FU型變星">獵戶座FU</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%89%9B%E5%BA%A7T%E5%9E%8B%E5%8F%98%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="金牛座T型变星">金牛座T</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">巨星和<br />超巨星</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">高光度藍變星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%95%E5%BA%A7R%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="北冕座R型變星">北冕座R</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E4%BB%99%E5%BA%A7DY%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="英仙座DY型變星">英仙座DY</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E8%B6%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="黄超巨星">黃超巨星</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">噴發聯星</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%99%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雙週期變星（页面不存在）">雙週期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%8A%AC%E5%BA%A7FS%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="大犬座FS型變星">大犬座FS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E7%8A%AC%E5%BA%A7RS%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="獵犬座RS型變星">獵犬座RS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%80%E6%98%9F" title="耀星">耀星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%99%E5%90%8E%E5%BA%A7%CE%B3%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="仙后座γ型變星">仙后座γ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%B1%9F%E5%BA%A7%CE%BB%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="波江座λ型變星">波江座λ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%AB-%E6%8B%89%E8%91%89%E6%98%9F" title="沃爾夫-拉葉星">沃夫-瑞葉</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E8%AE%8A%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="激變變星">激變變星</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E7%8A%AC%E5%BA%A7AM%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="獵犬座AM型變星">獵犬座AM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%AE%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="矮新星">矮新星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AE%E7%B4%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="亮紅新星">亮紅新星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="新星">新星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%81%8F%E6%8C%AF%E6%98%9F" title="高偏振星">高偏振</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BB%8B%E5%81%8F%E6%8C%AF%E6%98%9F" title="中介偏振星">中介偏振</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="超新星">超新星</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="極超新星">極超新星</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AD%E5%88%86%E5%84%80%E5%BA%A7SW%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="六分儀座SW型變星（页面不存在）">六分儀座SW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E7%94%9F%E9%9B%99%E6%98%9F" title="共生雙星">共生</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E7%94%9F%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="共生變星">共生新星</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E7%94%9F%E9%9B%99%E6%98%9F" title="共生雙星">仙女座Z</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">自轉變星</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">非球型</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8B%E8%BD%89%E6%A9%A2%E7%90%83%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="旋轉橢球變星">旋轉橢球</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">星斑</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%BE%8D%E5%BA%A7BY%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="天龍座BY型變星">天龍座BY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F#后髮座FK型變星" title="變星">后髮座FK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">磁場</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%8E%E7%8A%AC%E5%BA%A7%CE%B12%E5%9E%8B%E5%8F%98%E6%98%9F" title="猎犬座α2型变星">獵犬座α² </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%89%E5%86%B2%E6%98%9F" title="脉冲星">脉冲星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%BE%8A%E5%BA%A7SX%E5%9E%8B%E5%8F%98%E6%98%9F" title="白羊座SX型变星">白羊座SX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E6%98%9F#食雙星" title="聯星">食</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B5%E4%BA%94%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="大陵五型變星">大陵五</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%B4%E5%BA%A7%CE%B2%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="天琴座β型變星">天琴座β</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F#行星凌" title="變星">行星凌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%86%8A%E5%BA%A7W%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="大熊座W型變星">大熊座W</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:He1523a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/14px-He1523a.jpg" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/21px-He1523a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/28px-He1523a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="207" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F" title="Portal:恒星">恒星主题</a></b> * <a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="變星列表">列表</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="恒星" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F" title="Template:恒星"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F" title="Template talk:恒星"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:恒星"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="恒星" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F" title="恒星">恒星</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="恆星演化">演化</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" title="恆星形成">恆星形成</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E5%89%8D%E6%98%9F" title="主序前星">主序前星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="主序星">主序星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%B9%B3%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF" title="水平分支">水平分支</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E7%BE%A4%E8%81%9A" title="紅群聚">紅群聚</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF" title="紅巨星分支">紅巨星分支</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%B8%E8%BF%91%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F%E6%94%AF" title="漸近巨星支">漸近巨星分支</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E8%BF%B4%E5%9C%88" title="藍迴圈">藍迴圈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E7%BF%BB" title="上翻">上翻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E7%A9%A9%E5%AE%9A%E5%B8%B6" title="不穩定帶">不穩定帶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PG_1159%E6%98%9F" title="PG 1159星">PG 1159星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%AD%E8%97%81%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="蒭藁變星">蒭藁變星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E7%8A%B6%E6%98%9F%E4%BA%91" title="行星状星云">行星状星云</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E9%9B%B2" title="原行星雲">原行星雲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AE%E7%B4%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="亮紅新星">亮紅新星</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">高光度藍變星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%AB-%E6%8B%89%E8%91%89%E6%98%9F" title="沃爾夫-拉葉星">沃爾夫-拉葉星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="假超新星">假超新星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="超新星">超新星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="極超新星">極超新星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E7%BE%85%E5%9C%96" title="赫羅圖">赫羅圖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E8%89%B2%E5%9B%BE" title="双色图">双色图</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F" title="原恆星">原恆星</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E9%9B%B2" title="分子雲">分子雲</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A6%BB%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%BA" title="电离氢区">电离氢区</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%85%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B2%E7%90%83" title="包克雲球">包克雲球</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E6%9C%9F%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E9%AB%94" title="初期恆星體">初期恆星體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E6%AF%94%E6%A0%BC-%E5%93%88%E7%BE%85%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94" title="赫比格-哈羅天體">赫比格-哈羅天體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E8%BB%8C%E8%B7%A1" title="林軌跡">林忠四郎軌跡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E6%A5%B5%E9%99%90" title="林極限">林忠四郎極限</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%A1" title="亨耶跡">亨耶跡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E6%88%B6%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="獵戶型變星">獵戶型變星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%89%9BT%E6%98%9F" title="金牛T星">金牛T星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E6%88%B6FU%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="獵戶FU型變星">獵戶FU型變星</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E6%AF%94%E6%A0%BCAe/Be%E6%98%9F" title="赫比格Ae/Be星">赫比格Ae/Be星</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">光度分类</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="次矮星">次矮星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="主序星">主序星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F_(%E7%B4%85%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F%E9%9A%8E%E6%AE%B5)" title="藍矮星 (紅矮星階段)">藍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="K型主序星">橙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="紅矮星">紅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="棕矮星">棕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="G型主序星">黃</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="次巨星">次巨星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="巨星">巨星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="紅巨星">紅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="藍巨星">蓝</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AE%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="亮巨星">亮巨星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="超巨星">超巨星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E8%B6%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="藍超巨星">藍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E8%B6%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="紅超巨星">紅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E8%B6%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="黄超巨星">黃</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E8%B6%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="特超巨星">特超巨星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E7%89%B9%E8%B6%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="黃特超巨星">黃</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E6%8E%89%E9%9A%8A%E6%98%9F" title="藍掉隊星">藍掉隊星</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1" title="恒星光谱">光谱分类</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/O%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="O型主序星">O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="B型主序星">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="A型主序星">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="F型主序星">F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="G型主序星">G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="K型主序星">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="紅矮星">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be%E6%98%9F" title="Be星">Be</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OB%E6%98%9F" title="OB星">OB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E5%9E%8B%E6%AC%A1%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="B型次矮星">B型次矮星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%9A%E6%9C%9F%E5%9E%8B%E6%98%9F" title="晚期型星">晚期型星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F" title="特殊恆星">特殊恆星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E7%B7%9A%E6%98%9F" title="金屬線星">金屬線星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ap%E5%92%8CBp%E6%98%9F" title="Ap和Bp星">Ap和Bp星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E6%8C%AF%E7%9B%AAAp%E6%98%9F" title="快速振盪Ap星">快速振盪Ap星</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%87%E6%98%9F" title="鋇星">鋇星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%98%9F" title="碳星">碳星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CN%E6%98%9F" title="CN星">CN星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CH%E6%98%9F" title="CH星">CH星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E7%AB%AF%E6%B0%A6%E6%98%9F" title="極端氦星">極端氦星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A7%E5%A4%AB%E5%BA%A7%CE%BB%E5%9E%8B%E6%98%9F" title="牧夫座λ型星">牧夫λ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9B%E6%98%9F" title="鉛星">鉛星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E%E9%8C%B3%E6%98%9F" title="汞錳星">汞錳星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%E5%9E%8B%E6%98%9F" title="S型星">S型星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4%E6%98%9F" title="殼層星">殼層星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8D%80%E6%98%9F" title="鍀星">鍀星</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">残骸</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="白矮星">白矮星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="氦行星">氦行星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="黑矮星">黑矮星</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E6%98%9F" title="中子星">中子星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%89%E5%86%B2%E6%98%9F" title="脉冲星">脉冲星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/X%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF%E8%84%89%E5%86%B2%E6%98%9F" title="X射线脉冲星">X射线</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E6%98%9F" title="磁星">磁星</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E9%BB%91%E6%B4%9E" title="恆星黑洞">恆星黑洞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%B4%E5%AF%86%E6%98%9F" title="致密星">致密星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF%E8%81%94%E6%98%9F" title="X射线联星">X射线联星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/X%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A%E7%88%86%E7%99%BC%E6%BA%90" title="X射線爆發源">X射線爆發源</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">纯理论恒星</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F_(%E7%B4%85%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F%E9%9A%8E%E6%AE%B5)" title="藍矮星 (紅矮星階段)">藍矮星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E8%89%B2%E6%98%9F" title="綠色星">綠色星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="黑矮星">黑矮星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%89%B9%E6%98%9F" title="奇特星">奇特星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E5%AD%90%E6%98%9F" title="先子星">先子星</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="普朗克恒星" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Planck star"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E6%9C%97%E5%85%8B%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普朗克恒星（页面不存在）">普朗克恒星</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_star" class="extiw" title="en:Planck star"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Planck star</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E6%98%9F" title="夸克星">夸克星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%97%E6%98%9F" class="mw-disambig" title="暗星">暗物质星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%E6%98%9F" title="Q星">Q星</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="冰冻恒星" data-lang-code="fr" data-lang-name="法语" data-foreign-title="Étoile congelée"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B0%E5%86%BB%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冰冻恒星（页面不存在）">冰冻恒星</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">法语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89toile_congel%C3%A9e" class="extiw" title="fr:Étoile congelée"><span lang="fr" dir="auto">Étoile congelée</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%BB%E6%98%9F" title="类星">类星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E6%81%A9-%E7%A5%96%E7%89%B9%E9%98%94%E5%A4%AB%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93" title="索恩-祖特阔夫天体">索恩-祖特闊夫天體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E6%98%9F" title="鐵星">鐵星</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E6%A0%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="恆星核合成">核合成</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6%E6%A0%B8%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="氦核作用">氦核作用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%E6%B0%A6%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="3氦過程">3氦過程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90%E2%80%94%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90%E9%8F%88%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" title="質子—質子鏈反應">質子—質子鏈反應</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6%E9%96%83" title="氦閃">氦閃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%B0%AE%E6%B0%A7%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" title="碳氮氧循環">碳氮氧循環</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%B0%E7%87%83%E7%87%92" title="鋰燃燒">鋰燃燒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E8%81%9A%E5%8F%98" title="碳聚变">碳燃烧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96%E7%87%83%E7%87%92%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="氖燃燒過程">氖燃烧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E7%87%83%E7%87%92%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="氧燃燒過程">氧燃烧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BD%E7%87%83%E7%87%92%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="矽燃燒過程">硅燃烧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="S過程">s過程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="R過程">r過程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88%E9%AB%94" title="核融合體">核融合體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="新星">新星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F%E9%81%97%E8%BF%B9" title="新星遗迹">新星遗迹</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B" title="恆星結構">结构</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83" title="太陽核心">核心</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%81%E5%B1%A4_(%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F)" title="對流層 (恆星)">对流层</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="微湍流" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Microturbulence"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%AE%E6%B9%8D%E6%B5%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="微湍流（页面不存在）">微湍流</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microturbulence" class="extiw" title="en:Microturbulence"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Microturbulence</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%B1%A4" title="恆星大氣層">大气层</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84%E5%B1%A4" title="輻射層">輻射層</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%90%83" title="光球">光球层</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E7%90%83" title="色球">色球层</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E6%96%91" title="星斑">星斑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E5%86%95" title="星冕">冕</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E9%A3%8E" title="星风">星风</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E9%A2%A8%E6%B3%A1" title="星風泡">星風泡</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8" title="星震學">星震學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E4%B8%81%E9%A1%BF%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6" title="爱丁顿光度">爱丁顿光度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%B5%AB%E6%AD%B7%E7%A8%8B" title="克赫歷程">开尔文-亥姆霍兹机制</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">特徵</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D" title="恆星命名">命名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="恆星動力學">动力学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%95%88%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6" title="有效溫度">有效溫度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E5%AD%B8" title="恆星運動學">运动学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E7%A3%81%E5%A0%B4" title="恆星磁場">磁场</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%86%E6%98%9F%E7%AD%89" title="视星等">视星等</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E5%B0%8D%E6%98%9F%E7%AD%89" title="絕對星等">絕對星等</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F" title="恆星質量">质量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E9%87%8F" title="金屬量">金屬量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E8%87%AA%E8%BD%89" title="恆星自轉">自转</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UBV%E6%B5%8B%E5%85%89%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="UBV测光系统">UBV色</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="變星">變星</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="恆星系統">恆星系統</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E6%98%9F" title="雙星">雙星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E6%8E%A5%E8%81%AF%E6%98%9F" title="密接聯星">密接聯星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E6%9C%89%E5%8C%85%E5%B1%A4" title="共有包層">共有包層</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E6%98%9F" title="聚星">聚星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E7%A7%AF%E7%9B%98" title="吸积盘">吸积盘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB" title="行星系">行星系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="太阳系">太阳系</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">地球视角</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%9E%81%E6%98%9F" title="北极星">北极星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%B1%E6%A5%B5%E6%98%9F" title="拱極星">拱極星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E7%AD%89" title="星等">星等</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%85%89" title="消光">消光</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E8%89%B2%E5%9B%BE" title="双色图">双色图</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%91%E5%90%91%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="徑向速度">视向速度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%8C" title="自行">自行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%86%E5%B7%AE" title="视差">视差</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8B%E5%85%89%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%98%9F" title="测光标准星">测光标准星</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="恒星列表">恒星列表</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="普通星名表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of proper names of stars"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%98%9F%E5%90%8D%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普通星名表（页面不存在）">普通星名表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_proper_names_of_stars" class="extiw" title="en:List of proper names of stars"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of proper names of stars</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿拉伯星名表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Arabic star names"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%98%9F%E5%90%8D%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿拉伯星名表（页面不存在）">阿拉伯星名表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Arabic_star_names" class="extiw" title="en:List of Arabic star names"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Arabic star names</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%A5%BF%E6%98%9F%E5%90%8D%E5%B0%8D%E7%85%A7%E8%A1%A8" title="中西星名對照表">中西星名對照表</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="星座恒星列表">星座恒星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="巨大質量恆星列表">巨大质量恒星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E5%B0%8F%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="最小質量恆星列表">最小质量恒星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="巨大恆星列表">巨大恒星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="恆星光度列表">恒星光度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E4%BA%AE%E5%BA%A6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="恆星亮度列表">恒星亮度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%B0%E8%BF%91%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="鄰近恆星列表">临近恒星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="棕矮星列表">棕矮星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E7%8A%B6%E6%98%9F%E4%BA%91%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="行星状星云列表">行星状星云</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="超新星列表">超新星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F%E5%80%99%E9%81%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="超新星候選列表">超新星候选</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="變星列表">变星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E7%9A%84%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F" title="以人名命名的恆星">以人名命名的恆星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="恆星天文學年表">恆星天文學年表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关条目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F" title="亚恒星">亚恒星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="棕矮星">棕矮星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="次棕矮星">次棕矮星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="恆行星">恆行星</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%BC%B8%E8%BF%91%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F%E6%94%AF%E6%98%9F" title="後漸近巨星支星">後漸近巨星支星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E5%9B%A2" title="星团">星团</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%8F%E6%95%A3%E6%98%9F%E5%9B%A2" title="疏散星团">疏散星团</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%83%E7%8B%80%E6%98%9F%E5%9C%98" title="球狀星團">球狀星團</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB" title="星系">星系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3%E5%B9%B4" title="銀河年">銀河年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E5%9C%98" title="超星系團">超星系團</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8" title="日震學">日震學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E6%98%9F" title="客星">客星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7" title="星座">星座</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E7%BE%A4" title="星群">星群</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" title="引力">引力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E9%9A%9B%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F" title="星系際恆星">星系際恆星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%A4%96%E6%9A%97%E9%9B%B2" title="紅外暗雲">紅外暗雲</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F" title="Category:恒星">恒星分类</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Stars" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Stars">共享资源</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F" 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