CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>日震學 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"aa37f331-4566-4c8f-8869-d27ade09e5c0","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"日震學","wgTitle":"日震學","wgCurRevisionId":83275432,"wgRevisionId":83275432,"wgArticleId":1604104,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["引文格式1错误：已知参数被忽略","CS1英语来源 (en)","自2020年2月带有失效链接的条目","条目有永久失效的外部链接","引文格式1错误：arXiv","引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签","自2024年7月粗劣翻译","含有英語的條目","太阳","恆星現象"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"日震學","wgRelevantArticleId":1604104,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1068381","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.large-font":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.math.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0", "ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.internalLinkHelper-altcolor","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.math.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.gadget.large-font&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Helioseismology_pmode1.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Helioseismology_pmode1.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="640"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="日震學 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-日震學 rootpage-日震學 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-太陽振盪的類型" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#太陽振盪的類型"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>太陽振盪的類型</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-太陽振盪的類型-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-振盪資料分析" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#振盪資料分析"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>振盪資料分析</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-振盪資料分析-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-反演" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#反演"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>反演</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-反演-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-內部結構" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#內部結構"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>內部結構</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-內部結構-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-日震学的应用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#日震学的应用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>日震学的应用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-日震学的应用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-區域日震學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#區域日震學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>區域日震學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-區域日震學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-噴射氣流運動可能會影響太陽週期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#噴射氣流運動可能會影響太陽週期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>噴射氣流運動可能會影響太陽週期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-噴射氣流運動可能會影響太陽週期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關條目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關條目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>相關條目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相關條目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关外部連結子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-衛星的儀器" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#衛星的儀器"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>衛星的儀器</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-衛星的儀器-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-地面基地的儀器" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地面基地的儀器"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>地面基地的儀器</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-地面基地的儀器-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">日震學</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。28种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="علم الزلازل الشمسي – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم الزلازل الشمسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosismologia" title="Heliosismologia – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Heliosismologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helioseismologie" title="Helioseismologie – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Helioseismologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ηλιοσεισμολογία – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ηλιοσεισμολογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helioseismology" title="Helioseismology – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Helioseismology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosismolog%C3%ADa" title="Heliosismología – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Heliosismología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="لرزه‌شناسی خورشیدی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لرزه‌شناسی خورشیدی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9liosismologie" title="Héliosismologie – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Héliosismologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napszeizmol%C3%B3gia" title="Napszeizmológia – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Napszeizmológia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3lskj%C3%A1lftafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Sólskjálftafræði – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sólskjálftafræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliosismologia" title="Eliosismologia – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Eliosismologia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%A6" title="日震学 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="日震学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" title="일진학 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="일진학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гелиосейсмология – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гелиосейсмология" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helioseismologie" title="Helioseismologie – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Helioseismologie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helioseismologie" title="Helioseismologie – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Helioseismologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helioseismologi" title="Helioseismologi – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Helioseismologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helioseismologi" title="Helioseismologi – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Helioseismologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosejsmologia" title="Heliosejsmologia – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Heliosejsmologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosismologia" title="Heliosismologia – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Heliosismologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helioseismologie" title="Helioseismologie – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Helioseismologie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гелиосейсмология – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гелиосейсмология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helioseizmologija" title="Helioseizmologija – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Helioseizmologija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Хелиосеизмологија – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хелиосеизмологија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="วิทยาคลื่นไหวสะเทือนดวงอาทิตย์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิทยาคลื่นไหวสะเทือนดวงอาทิตย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helyosismoloji" title="Helyosismoloji – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Helyosismoloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Геліосейсмологія – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Геліосейсмологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelioseysmologiya" title="Gelioseysmologiya – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gelioseysmologiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1068381#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&oldid=83275432" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&id=83275432&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%2597%25A5%25E9%259C%2587%25E5%25AD%25B8"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%2597%25A5%25E9%259C%2587%25E5%25AD%25B8"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Helioseismology" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1068381" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Rough_translation plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-rough_translation" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="翻譯標記"><img alt="翻譯標記" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="Wikipedia:翻譯指引">翻譯</a>品質不佳。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年7月4日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>翻譯者可能不熟悉中文或原文語言，也可能使用了<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91" title="机器翻译">機器翻譯</a>。請<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&action=edit">協助翻譯</a>本條目或重新編寫，并注意避免<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TNESE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TNESE">翻译腔</a>的问题。<b>明顯拙劣</b>的翻譯請改掛<code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:D" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:D">d</a>|<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CSD#G13" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CSD">G13</a>}}</code>提交刪除。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helioseismology_pmode1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Helioseismology_pmode1.png/325px-Helioseismology_pmode1.png" decoding="async" width="325" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Helioseismology_pmode1.png 1.5x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="340" /></a><figcaption>由電腦產生的影像，顯示P-模式的太陽聲波振盪在太陽表面和內部兩者的模型 (<i>l</i>=20, <i>m</i>=16 and <i>n</i>=14.)。請注意聲波的速度在接近太陽中心時的增加，導致聲波波長相對應的增加。</figcaption></figure> <p><b>日震學</b>（英語：<span lang="en"><b>Helioseismology</b></span>）是研究波振盪，特別是<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="聲學">聲波</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%93%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="壓力">壓力</a>，在太陽上的傳播。不同於<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E6%B3%A2" title="地震波">地球的地震波</a>，太陽的波幾乎沒有剪力的成份 (<a href="/wiki/S%E6%B3%A2" title="S波">S波</a>)。太陽壓力波被認為是接近太陽表面的對流層中的湍流生成的<sup id="cite_ref-Keeley1977_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keeley1977-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。有些頻率被建設性的干涉放大，換言之，太陽振盪的環像是一個鐘，聲波傳輸到太陽更表面的光球層，這是從太陽中心的核融合輻射出的能量經由吸收生成可見光，離開太陽表面的區域。這些振盪幾乎在任何時間序列的太陽影像上都能檢測得到，但觀測到最好的影像是測量<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%8D%9C%E5%8B%92%E4%BD%8D%E7%A7%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="都卜勒位移">都卜勒位移</a>的光球吸收譜線。經由太陽振盪波的傳播的變化，揭露了太陽內部的結構，並讓<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="天體物理學">天文物理學家</a>發展出太陽內部剖面極為詳細的設定條件。 </p><p>日震學可以排除<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%BE%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽微中子問題">太陽微中子問題</a>是由於太陽內部模型不正確的可能性<sup id="cite_ref-Bahcall1997_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bahcall1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 日震學揭示的特性包括外側的對流層和內側的輻射層以不同的速度旋轉，這引發太陽<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="發電機">發電機</a>產生磁場效應的想法<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson2003_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson2003-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，和在太陽表面對流層下的數千公里有電漿"<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B4%E5%B0%84%E6%B0%A3%E6%B5%81" class="mw-redirect" title="噴射氣流">噴射氣流</a>" (更明確的說，扭轉振盪) <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。這些噴射氣流從赤道廣泛的散播，在高緯度地區分解成小旋風的風暴。<b>扭轉振盪</b>是太陽<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%83%E5%B7%AE%E8%87%AA%E8%BD%89" class="mw-redirect" title="較差自轉">較差自轉</a>時間的變化，它們的交錯影響旋轉快與慢的帶。這是我們在1980年就已經發現的，但到目前為止，還沒有理論能解釋並被普遍的接受，即使它們與<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F" title="太陽週期">太陽週期</a>的密切關係很明顯，一樣有著11年的周期<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>日震學也可以用來生成太陽背面的影像，包括從地球看不到的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%BB%91%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽黑子">太陽黑子</a>影像<sup id="cite_ref-Braun2001_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Braun2001-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。簡單來說，太陽黑子會吸收日震波。這種太陽黑子的吸收會在太陽黑子的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E8%B9%A0%E9%BB%9E" title="對蹠點">對蹠點</a>上造成震波虧損的影像<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。為方便太空氣象的預測，從2000年晚期，經由<a href="/wiki/SOHO%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="SOHO衛星">SOHO衛星</a>就有部分太陽背面中央地區的日震影像圖不停的被產生，而從2001年起，全部的背面影像都被生成和進行資料分析。 </p><p>日震学的名稱源自類似研究地震波以確定<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a>內部結構的地震学。日震学可以和<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8" title="星震學">星震學</a>對照，后者是研究一般恆星振荡的学科。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="太陽振盪的類型"><span id=".E5.A4.AA.E9.99.BD.E6.8C.AF.E7.9B.AA.E7.9A.84.E9.A1.9E.E5.9E.8B"></span>太陽振盪的類型</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：太陽振盪的類型"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helioseismology_GOLFpmode.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Helioseismology_GOLFpmode.png/325px-Helioseismology_GOLFpmode.png" decoding="async" width="325" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Helioseismology_GOLFpmode.png/488px-Helioseismology_GOLFpmode.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Helioseismology_GOLFpmode.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="409" /></a><figcaption>由<a href="/wiki/SOHO%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="SOHO衛星">SOHO</a>的儀器GILF在1996年2月19日和3月25日拍攝的低解析度太陽震盪影像。水平軸是震動頻率，單位是毫赫茲，或是千分之一赫茲 (mHz)，垂直軸是能量密度。<b>5分鐘振盪</b>是在右側的2至7mHz的一系列P-模式線。</figcaption></figure> <p>在太陽的個別振盪會受到<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BB%E5%B0%BC" title="阻尼">阻尼</a>，所以經過幾個週期就會消失。但是，當這些地區性擾動的干涉產生全球性的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A7%90%E6%B3%A2" title="駐波">駐波</a>，也就所謂的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B0%A1%E6%AD%A3%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="簡正模式（页面不存在）">簡正模式</a>。分析這些重疊模式構成<i>球面日震學</i>的規律。 </p><p>基於驅動它們的恢復力：聲學的、重力、和表面重力，太陽振盪模是基本上分為三種類型： </p> <ul><li><b>p-模式</b>或<b>聲波</b>有壓力作為它們的恢復力，因此稱為<b>p-模式</b>。在太陽內部的聲速取決於其動力學。P-模式振盪的頻率大於1mHz，並且在2-4mHz的範圍最強，它們通常被稱為<b>5分鐘振盪</b> (註：5分鐘振盪的頻率是每秒鐘1/300週期 = 3.33mHz)。p-模式在太陽表面有數百公里的振幅，並且隨時可以從<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%BD%E5%8D%9C%E5%8B%92%E5%9C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="都卜勒圖（页面不存在）">都卜勒影像</a>或靈敏度較高的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%9C%E7%B7%9A" title="譜線">譜線</a>強度成像檢測出來。數以千計的高和中等強度的I級數p-模式 (見<a href="#振盪資料分析">下文</a>的波數級I) 已經被搭載在<a href="/wiki/SOHO%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="SOHO衛星">SOHO衛星</a>上的邁克爾遜都卜勒影像器 (<span lang="en"> Michelson Doppler Imager，MDI</span>) 檢測到，I強度低於200的明顯的和記再一起形成脊的高強度模式分隔開來<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/SOHO%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="SOHO衛星">SOHO衛星</a>搭載的GOLF大約偵測到10個頻率低於1.5mHz的p-模式<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <ul><li><b>g-模式</b>或<b>重力波</b> 是密度波，以引力 (負浮力的取代物質) 作為恢復力，因此稱為"g-模式"。g-模式的振盪是低頻波 (0-0.4mHz)，他們侷限在太陽內部的對流層內 (從0.7延伸至1.0太陽半徑)，實際上在太陽表面是看不見的。恢復力是由<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E7%86%B1%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="絕熱過程">絕熱膨脹</a>引起的：在太陽內部的深處，<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="溫度">溫度</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%AF%E5%BA%A6" title="梯度">梯度</a>是微弱的，因而只有少量比周圍的環境較冷和密度較高的氣泡會移動 (例如向上)，並且將會因此被拉回原來的位置；這種恢復力驅動的是g-模式。在太陽的對流層，溫度梯度略大於<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B5%95%E7%86%B1%E9%81%9E%E6%B8%9B%E7%8E%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="絕熱遞減率（页面不存在）">絕熱遞減率</a>，所以有一個反恢復力 (即<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%81" title="對流">對流</a>驅動器) 使得g-模式不能傳播。通過整個對流層的g-模式是<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E6%B8%9B%E6%B3%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="衰減波">倏逝的</a>，並被認為在光球上殘餘的振幅只有數毫米，但仍比溫度擾動更為顯著 (突出)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。從80年代起，有數起聲稱測得g-模式，但都無法確認。在2007年，據稱使用GOLF測得一次g-模式<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。GONG2008 / SOHO XXI在波爾德舉行會議，<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="腓比斯集團" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Phoebus group"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%85%93%E6%AF%94%E6%96%AF%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="腓比斯集團（页面不存在）">腓比斯集團</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoebus_group" class="extiw" title="en:Phoebus group"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Phoebus group</span></a></span>）</span></span>的報告不能证实此一研究結果，認為g-模式振幅的上限是3mm/s，未達到GOLF能夠測量的限制。最後，<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="腓比斯集團" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Phoebus group"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%85%93%E6%AF%94%E6%96%AF%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="腓比斯集團（页面不存在）">腓比斯集團</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoebus_group" class="extiw" title="en:Phoebus group"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Phoebus group</span></a></span>）</span></span>發表了剛剛審查g-模式的回顧和目前對太陽g-模式的了解狀態<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <ul><li><b>f-模式</b>或<b>表面重力波</b>是一種重力波，但是只發生在光球或是光球的附近，而且該處的溫度梯度再次低於絕熱遞減率。有些中和高程度的f-模式，介於l = 117 和 l = 300之間 (見<a href="#振盪資料分析">下文</a>的波數級I)，曾經被MDI檢測到<sup id="cite_ref-Corbard2002_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Corbard2002-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="振盪資料分析"><span id=".E6.8C.AF.E7.9B.AA.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99.E5.88.86.E6.9E.90"></span>振盪資料分析</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：振盪資料分析"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>來自太陽光譜的時間系列顯示所有的振盪是重疊的，成千上萬的模式已經被檢測(真實的數字也許是數以百萬計)。數學技術中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%85%E7%AB%8B%E5%8F%B6%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="傅立叶分析">傅立葉分析</a>被用來將這一大堆的資料恢復為個別模式的資訊。這個想法是任何的週期函數f可以寫成最簡單的週期函數的總合，也就是不同頻率的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%BC%A6" title="正弦">正弦</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%A4%98%E5%BC%A6" title="餘弦">餘弦</a>倍數的結合。要找出有多少個這種簡單的函數 (<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AF%E5%B9%85" title="振幅">振幅</a>) 結合成f，一個適用的<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%85%E7%AB%8B%E8%91%89%E8%BD%89%E6%8F%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="傅立葉轉換">傅立葉轉換</a>：在每個點上經由特定的積分函數計算獲得的值再加入f的修訂版本。 </p><p>最簡單的分析模式是徑向的；不過大多數的太陽模型是非徑向的。一個非徑向模型的特徵是三個波數：球諧度 I 和方位順序 m，這是用來測定恒星表面上的行為模式，和徑向狀態 n，反映了在徑向方面的屬性 (例子見圖的右上方)。請注意，太陽如果是<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%83%E5%B0%8D%E7%A8%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="球對稱">球對稱</a>，方位順序將呈現<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E9%80%80" class="mw-redirect" title="衰退">衰退</a>；但是，太陽的自轉 (連同其它的擾動) 導致赤道突起，增加了此種衰退。依照規律，n對應於徑向<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%BE%B5%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8" title="本徵函數">本徵函數</a>節點的數目，I 表是在球面上<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B5%90%E7%B7%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="結線（页面不存在）">結線</a>的總數，m 告訴我們有多少的節點線跨越了赤道。 </p><p>恆星震盪的頻率<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \omega _{nlm}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \omega _{nlm}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/146dc5682e917e1259cba4e2c264e54b50881162" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.597ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \omega _{nlm}}"></span>通常取決於波的所有這三個數值。它是很方便的，然而，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A0%BB%E7%8E%87%E5%88%86%E9%9B%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="頻率分離（页面不存在）">分離這些頻率</a>成為多種頻率<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \omega _{nl}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mi>l</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \omega _{nl}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d88ca7c450b7779a92b02bd45dc10bb3b7fdca35" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.155ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \omega _{nl}}"></span>，得到一個適當的超越方位等級m，對應於恆星球對稱的結構，和頻率分裂<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta \omega _{nlm}=\omega _{nlm}-\omega _{nl}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>δ</mi> <msub> <mi>ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mi>l</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta \omega _{nlm}=\omega _{nlm}-\omega _{nl}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5ac041408cc088d2325e087eb6f804e6ee7c7d7b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:19.337ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta \omega _{nlm}=\omega _{nlm}-\omega _{nl}}"></span>。 </p><p>振盪資料的分析必須嘗試單獨分離出這些不同頻率的元件。在太陽的情況下，可以直接觀察到在太陽盤面上的振盪是位置與時間的函數，因此在這兒可以分析其在空間的屬性。這可以在將太陽表面的位置通過2維<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%85%E7%AB%8B%E8%91%89%E8%BD%89%E6%8F%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="傅立葉轉換">傅立葉轉換</a>歸納的手段，分離出特定的l和m的數值，接著由在時間的傅立葉轉換中分離該頻率類型的模式。事實上，對恆星表面上的觀測隱含著恆星振盪的平均值，可以看成是這種傅立葉轉換空間的一種例子。 </p><p>請注意這些振盪的資料，毋寧是連續函數，而不是等同於在網格中的時間和位置受到實驗誤差計算約束的值。當轉換計算時，這些函數的值再網格外以近似值有限的插入和積分，無可避免的是會進一步引進誤差的過程。詳細數值的使用方法包括轉換資料的目地對照和抑制誤差。 </p><p>這些論述整理自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%84%E7%88%BE%E6%A0%B9%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%BB%95%E6%A3%AE%EF%BC%8D%E9%81%94%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="約爾根·克里斯滕森－達斯加特（页面不存在）">約爾根·克里斯滕森－達斯加特</a>對恆星振盪演講的筆記<sup id="cite_ref-Dalsgaard2003_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalsgaard2003-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="反演"><span id=".E5.8F.8D.E6.BC.94"></span>反演</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：反演"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tachocline.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Tachocline.svg/300px-Tachocline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Tachocline.svg/450px-Tachocline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Tachocline.svg/600px-Tachocline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>在太陽內部的自轉，顯示外層<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%81%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="對流層">對流層</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%83%E5%B7%AE%E8%87%AA%E8%BD%89" class="mw-redirect" title="較差自轉">較差自轉</a>和在中心<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84%E5%B1%A4" title="輻射層">輻射層</a>幾乎均勻一致的轉動。在兩者之間轉變的區域稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%AE%E6%97%8B%E5%B1%A4" title="差旋層">差旋層</a>。</figcaption></figure> <p>有關日震波資訊的 (像是模式下的頻率和頻率分割) 收集在經過轉換這些振動資料可用於推斷太陽內部詳細的數值特性，例如內部的聲速、在太陽裡面的內部<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%83%E5%B7%AE%E8%87%AA%E8%BD%89" class="mw-redirect" title="較差自轉">較差自轉</a>。像是積分與方程式和分析的關聯性可以巧妙的處理資料轉換所涉及的內部屬性期望。使用的數值方法都適用於內部獨特的檢驗，以最大數量的資訊，以最少的誤差，提取有關內部功能的振盪。此一過程被稱為日震反演。 </p><p>一個有較多細節的例子，與振盪頻率分割相關的，通過積分可以得到在太陽內部的角速度。<sup id="cite_ref-Dalsgaard2003_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalsgaard2003-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="內部結構"><span id=".E5.85.A7.E9.83.A8.E7.B5.90.E6.A7.8B"></span>內部結構</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：內部結構"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>日震學的觀測揭露了內部不一致的轉動層和<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%83%E5%B7%AE%E8%87%AA%E8%BD%89" class="mw-redirect" title="較差自轉">不同轉動</a>的太陽殼層，大約各自對應於<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84%E5%B1%A4" title="輻射層">輻射</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%81%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="對流層">對流</a>層<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson2003_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson2003-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。參看右測顯示的關係圖，這個過渡層稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%AE%E6%97%8B%E5%B1%A4" title="差旋層">差旋層</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="日震学的应用"><span id=".E6.97.A5.E9.9C.87.E5.AD.A6.E7.9A.84.E5.BA.94.E7.94.A8"></span>日震学的应用</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：日震学的应用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>日震學的研究可以推斷太陽的年齡<sup id="cite_ref-bonannoetal2002_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bonannoetal2002-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。這是因為在太陽深處的聲波傳遞取決於組成，尤其是核心的氫和氦的相對豐度。由於太陽在生命期中不斷的將氫融合成氦，因此將<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B" title="恆星結構">恆星演化的數值模型</a>使用於太陽 (<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="標準太陽模型">標準太陽模型</a>)，可以用目前在核心的氦豐度推斷出太陽的年齡。這種方法為從收集的隕石所推測的太陽年齡提供了證明<sup id="cite_ref-Guenther_1995_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guenther_1995-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="區域日震學"><span id=".E5.8D.80.E5.9F.9F.E6.97.A5.E9.9C.87.E5.AD.B8"></span>區域日震學</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：區域日震學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="噴射氣流運動可能會影響太陽週期"><span id=".E5.99.B4.E5.B0.84.E6.B0.A3.E6.B5.81.E9.81.8B.E5.8B.95.E5.8F.AF.E8.83.BD.E6.9C.83.E5.BD.B1.E9.9F.BF.E5.A4.AA.E9.99.BD.E9.80.B1.E6.9C.9F"></span>噴射氣流運動可能會影響太陽週期</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：噴射氣流運動可能會影響太陽週期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>內部的噴射氣流運動落後於時程表，或許可以解釋2009年太陽周期開始的延遲<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關條目"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C.E6.A2.9D.E7.9B.AE"></span>相關條目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：相關條目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=160%E5%88%86%E9%90%98%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="160分鐘太陽週期（页面不存在）">160分鐘太陽週期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8" title="星震學">星震學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E6%B3%A2" title="磁重力波">磁重力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%BE%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽微中子問題">太陽微中子問題</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E5%A1%94" title="太阳塔">太陽塔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E8%87%AA%E8%BD%89" title="恆星自轉">恆星自轉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%83%E5%B7%AE%E8%87%AA%E8%BD%89" class="mw-redirect" title="較差自轉">恆星較差自轉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E7%88%BE%E9%A0%93%E6%B3%A2" title="莫爾頓波">莫爾頓波</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Keeley1977-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Keeley1977_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Goldreich, P.; Keeley, D.A. Solar seismology. II - The stochastic excitation of the solar p-modes by turbulent convection. Astrophysical Journal. February 1977, <b>212</b>: 243–251. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1977ApJ...212..243G"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:1977ApJ...212..243G</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F155043"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1086/155043</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=Solar+seismology.+II+-+The+stochastic+excitation+of+the+solar+p-modes+by+turbulent+convection&rft.au=Goldreich%2C+P.%3B+Keeley%2C+D.A.&rft.date=1977-02&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astrophysical+Journal&rft.pages=243-251&rft.volume=212&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1977ApJ...212..243G&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F155043&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bahcall1997-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bahcall1997_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Bahcall, J.N.; Pinsonneault, M.H.; Basu, S.; Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. Are Standard Solar Models Reliable?. Physical Review Letters. January 1997, <b>78</b> (2): 171–174. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997PhRvL..78..171B"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:1997PhRvL..78..171B</span></a>. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9610250"><span title="arXiv">arXiv:astro-ph/9610250</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.78.171"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.171</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=Are+Standard+Solar+Models+Reliable%3F&rft.au=Bahcall%2C+J.N.%3B+Pinsonneault%2C+M.H.%3B+Basu%2C+S.%3B+Christensen-Dalsgaard%2C+J.&rft.date=1997-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.pages=171-174&rft.volume=78&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fastro-ph%2F9610250&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1997PhRvL..78..171B&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.78.171&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thompson2003-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson2003_3-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson2003_3-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Thompson, M.J.; Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.; Miesch, M.S.; Toomre, J. The Internal Rotation of the Sun. Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2003, <b>41</b> (1): 599–643. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003ARA&A..41..599T"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2003ARA&A..41..599T</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.astro.41.011802.094848"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.41.011802.094848</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=The+Internal+Rotation+of+the+Sun&rft.au=Thompson%2C+M.J.%3B+Christensen-Dalsgaard%2C+J.%3B+Miesch%2C+M.S.%3B+Toomre%2C+J.&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Astronomy+%26+Astrophysics&rft.pages=599-643&rft.volume=41&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003ARA%26A..41..599T&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.astro.41.011802.094848&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ossendrijver, M. The solar dynamo. The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review. 2003, <b>11</b> (4): 287–367. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003A&ARv..11..287O"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2003A&ARv..11..287O</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00159-003-0019-3"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1007/s00159-003-0019-3</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=The+solar+dynamo&rft.au=Ossendrijver%2C+M.&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=The+Astronomy+and+Astrophysics+Review&rft.pages=287-367&rft.volume=11&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003A%26ARv..11..287O&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00159-003-0019-3&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Vorontsov, S.V.; Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.; Schou, J.; Strakhov, V.N.; Thompson, M.J. Helioseismic Measurement of Solar Torsional Oscillations. Science. April 2002, <b>296</b> (5565): 101–103. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002Sci...296..101V"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2002Sci...296..101V</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11935019"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 11935019</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1069190"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1126/science.1069190</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=Helioseismic+Measurement+of+Solar+Torsional+Oscillations&rft.au=Vorontsov%2C+S.V.%3B+Christensen-Dalsgaard%2C+J.%3B+Schou%2C+J.%3B+Strakhov%2C+V.N.%3B+Thompson%2C+M.J.&rft.date=2002-04&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=5565&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=101-103&rft.volume=296&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2002Sci...296..101V&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1069190&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11935019&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Howard, R.; Labonte, B.J. The sun is observed to be a torsional oscillator with a period of 11 years. Astrophysical Journal. July 1980, <b>239</b>: L33–L36. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1980ApJ...239L..33H"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:1980ApJ...239L..33H</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F183286"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1086/183286</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=The+sun+is+observed+to+be+a+torsional+oscillator+with+a+period+of+11+years&rft.au=Howard%2C+R.%3B+Labonte%2C+B.J.&rft.date=1980-07&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astrophysical+Journal&rft.pages=L33-L36&rft.volume=239&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1980ApJ...239L..33H&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F183286&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Braun2001-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Braun2001_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Braun, D.C.; Lindsey, C. Seismic Imaging of the Far Hemisphere of the Sun. The Astrophysical Journal. October 2001, <b>560</b> (2): L189–L192. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001ApJ...560L.189B"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2001ApJ...560L.189B</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F324323"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1086/324323</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=Seismic+Imaging+of+the+Far+Hemisphere+of+the+Sun&rft.au=Braun%2C+D.C.%3B+Lindsey%2C+C.&rft.date=2001-10&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.pages=L189-L192&rft.volume=560&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001ApJ...560L.189B&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F324323&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Lindsey, C.; Braun, D.C. Helioseismic imaging of sunspots at their antipodes. Solar Physics. March 1990, <b>126</b> (1): 101–115. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990SoPh..126..101L"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:1990SoPh..126..101L</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00158301"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1007/BF00158301</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=Helioseismic+imaging+of+sunspots+at+their+antipodes&rft.au=Lindsey%2C+C.%3B+Braun%2C+D.C.&rft.date=1990-03&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Solar+Physics&rft.pages=101-115&rft.volume=126&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1990SoPh..126..101L&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00158301&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Rabello-Soares, M.C.; Korzennik, S.G.; Schou, J. The determination of MDI high-degree mode frequencies. ESA Special Publication <b>464</b>: 129–136. January 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001ESASP.464..129R"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2001ESASP.464..129R</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=The+determination+of+MDI+high-degree+mode+frequencies&rft.au=Rabello-Soares%2C+M.C.%3B+Korzennik%2C+S.G.%3B+Schou%2C+J.&rft.date=2001-01&rft.genre=article&rft.pages=129-136&rft.volume=464&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001ESASP.464..129R&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"><code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|booktitle=</code>被忽略 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#parameter_discarded" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Garcia, R.A.; Regulo, C.; Turck-Chieze, S.; Bertello, L.; Kosovichev, A.G.; Brun, A.S.; Couvidat, S.; Henney, C.J.; Lazrek, M.; Ulrich, R.K.; Varadi, F. Low-Degree Low-Order Solar p Modes As Seen By GOLF On board SOHO. Solar Physics. May 2001, <b>20</b>: 361–379. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001SoPh..200..361G"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2001SoPh..200..361G</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=Low-Degree+Low-Order+Solar+p+Modes+As+Seen+By+GOLF+On+board+SOHO&rft.au=Garcia%2C+R.A.%3B+Regulo%2C+C.%3B+Turck-Chieze%2C+S.%3B+Bertello%2C+L.%3B+Kosovichev%2C+A.G.%3B+Brun%2C+A.S.%3B+Couvidat%2C+S.%3B+Henney%2C+C.J.%3B+Lazrek%2C+M.%3B+Ulrich%2C+R.K.%3B+Varadi%2C+F.&rft.date=2001-05&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solar+Physics&rft.pages=361-379&rft.volume=20&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001SoPh..200..361G&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Randall J. Bos; Henry A. Hill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/xt03jqk462770337/">Detection of individual normal modes of oscillation of the Sun in the period range from 2 hr to 10 min in solar diameter studies</a>. Solar Physics. January 1983, <b>82</b> (1-2): 89-102 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=Detection+of+individual+normal+modes+of+oscillation+of+the+Sun+in+the+period+range+from+2+hr+to+10+min+in+solar+diameter+studies&rft.au=Henry+A.+Hill&rft.au=Randall+J.+Bos&rft.date=1983-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1-2&rft.jtitle=Solar+Physics&rft.pages=89-102&rft.volume=82&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fxt03jqk462770337%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2020年2月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Garcia, R.A.; Turck-Chieze, S.; Jimenez-Reyes, S.J.; Ballot, J.; Palle, P.L.; Eff-Darwich, A.; Mathur, S.; Provost, J. Tracking Solar Gravity Modes: The Dynamics of the Solar Core. Science. June 2007, <b>316</b> (5831): 1591–. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007Sci...316.1591G"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2007Sci...316.1591G</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17478682"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 17478682</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1140598"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1126/science.1140598</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=Tracking+Solar+Gravity+Modes%3A+The+Dynamics+of+the+Solar+Core&rft.au=Garcia%2C+R.A.%3B+Turck-Chieze%2C+S.%3B+Jimenez-Reyes%2C+S.J.%3B+Ballot%2C+J.%3B+Palle%2C+P.L.%3B+Eff-Darwich%2C+A.%3B+Mathur%2C+S.%3B+Provost%2C+J.&rft.date=2007-06&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=5831&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=1591-&rft.volume=316&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007Sci...316.1591G&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1140598&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17478682&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation arxiv">Appourchaux, T.; et al. The quest for the solar g modes. October 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009arXiv0910.0848A"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2009arXiv0910.0848A</span></a>. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/0910.0848"><span title="arXiv">arXiv:0910.0848</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span> [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/archive/astro-ph.SR">astro-ph.SR</a>].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=The+quest+for+the+solar+g+modes&rft.au=Appourchaux%2C+T.&rft.date=2009-10&rft.genre=preprint&rft.jtitle=arXiv&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F0910.0848&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009arXiv0910.0848A&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">cite arXiv模板填写了不支持的参数 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#arxiv_params_not_supported" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%AD%89%E6%A0%87%E7%AD%BE" title="Category:引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Corbard2002-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Corbard2002_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Corbard, T.; Thompson, M.J. The subsurface radial gradient of solar angular velocity from MDI f-mode observations. Solar Physics. February 2002, <b>205</b> (2): 211–229. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002SoPh..205..211C"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2002SoPh..205..211C</span></a>. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0110361"><span title="arXiv">arXiv:astro-ph/0110361</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1014224523374"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1023/A:1014224523374</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=The+subsurface+radial+gradient+of+solar+angular+velocity+from+MDI+f-mode+observations&rft.au=Corbard%2C+T.%3B+Thompson%2C+M.J.&rft.date=2002-02&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Solar+Physics&rft.pages=211-229&rft.volume=205&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fastro-ph%2F0110361&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2002SoPh..205..211C&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1014224523374&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dalsgaard2003-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dalsgaard2003_15-0"><sup><b>15.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dalsgaard2003_15-1"><sup><b>15.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Christensen-Dalsgaard, J., 2003, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phys.au.dk/~jcd/oscilnotes/">Lecture Notes on Stellar Oscillations. Fifth Edition</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210324090123/http://www.phys.au.dk/~jcd/oscilnotes/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, lecture notes, University of Aarhus. Retrieved November 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bonannoetal2002-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bonannoetal2002_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">A. Bonanno, H. Schlattl, L. Paternò. The age of the Sun and the relativistic corrections in the EOS. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2002, <b>390</b> (3): 1115. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002A&A...390.1115B"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2002A&A...390.1115B</span></a>. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0204331"><span title="arXiv">arXiv:astro-ph/0204331</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A20020749"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020749</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=The+age+of+the+Sun+and+the+relativistic+corrections+in+the+EOS&rft.au=A.+Bonanno%2C+H.+Schlattl%2C+L.+Patern%C3%B2&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Astronomy+and+Astrophysics&rft.pages=1115&rft.volume=390&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fastro-ph%2F0204331&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2002A%26A...390.1115B&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A20020749&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guenther_1995-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guenther_1995_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Guenther, D.B. Age of the sun. Astrophysical Journal. April 1989, <b>339</b>: 1156–1159. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989ApJ...339.1156G"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:1989ApJ...339.1156G</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F167370"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1086/167370</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=Age+of+the+sun&rft.au=Guenther%2C+D.B.&rft.date=1989-04&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astrophysical+Journal&rft.pages=1156-1159&rft.volume=339&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1989ApJ...339.1156G&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F167370&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Anne Minard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.universetoday.com/2009/06/17/the-case-of-the-missing-sunspots-solved/">The Case of the Missing Sunspots: Solved?</a>. June 17, 2009 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-04-09</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100310141400/http://www.universetoday.com/2009/06/17/the-case-of-the-missing-sunspots-solved/">存档</a>于2010-03-10） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&rft.au=Anne+Minard&rft.btitle=The+Case+of+the+Missing+Sunspots%3A+Solved%3F&rft.date=2009-06-17&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.universetoday.com%2F2009%2F06%2F17%2Fthe-case-of-the-missing-sunspots-solved%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719120639/http://ast.phys.au.dk/helio_outreach/english/">Non-technical description of helio- and asteroseismology</a> retrieved November 2009</li> <li>Laurent Gizon and Aaron C. Birch, "Local Helioseismology", Living Rev. Solar Phys. 2 (2005) 6 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livingreviews.org/lrsp-2005-6">online article</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=105844&org=olpa&from=news">Scientists Issue Unprecedented Forecast of Next Sunspot Cycle</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210324090138/http://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=105844&org=olpa&from=news">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） National Science Foundation press release, March 6, 2006</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://solarphysics.livingreviews.org/open?pubNo=lrsp-2005-1">Large-Scale Dynamics of the Convection Zone and Tachocline</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160303174117/http://solarphysics.livingreviews.org/open?pubNo=lrsp-2005-1">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） by Mark S. Miesch</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080919115719/http://www.helas-eu.org/">European Helio- and Asteroseismology Network (HELAS)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://soi.stanford.edu/data/full_farside/">Farside and Earthside images of the Sun</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210318003116/http://soi.stanford.edu/data/full_farside/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://solarphysics.livingreviews.org/">Living Reviews in Solar Physics</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100929001133/http://solarphysics.livingreviews.org/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="衛星的儀器"><span id=".E8.A1.9B.E6.98.9F.E7.9A.84.E5.84.80.E5.99.A8"></span>衛星的儀器</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：衛星的儀器"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ias.u-psud.fr/virgo">VIRGO</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210324090158/http://www.ias.u-psud.fr/virgo">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://soi.stanford.edu">SOI/MDI</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210318011658/http://soi.stanford.edu/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120726082944/http://sunland.gsfc.nasa.gov/smex/trace/">TRACE</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="地面基地的儀器"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E9.9D.A2.E5.9F.BA.E5.9C.B0.E7.9A.84.E5.84.80.E5.99.A8"></span>地面基地的儀器</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：地面基地的儀器"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bison.ph.bham.ac.uk/">BiSON</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20090316042639/http://bison.ph.bham.ac.uk/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li>Mark-1</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gong.nso.edu/">GONG</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210324090204/http://gong.nso.edu/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.usc.edu/solar">HiDHN</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210324090236/http://physics.usc.edu/solar">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="太阳" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3" title="Template:太阳"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3" title="Template talk:太阳"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:太阳"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="太阳" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3" title="太阳">太阳</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="標準太陽模型">太陽內部結構</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83" title="太陽核心">核心</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84%E5%B1%A4" title="輻射層">輻射層</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%AE%E6%97%8B%E5%B1%A4" title="差旋層">差旋層</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%81%E5%B1%A4_(%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F)" title="對流層 (恆星)">對流層</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Sun_by_the_Atmospheric_Imaging_Assembly_of_NASA%27s_Solar_Dynamics_Observatory_-_20100819.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/The_Sun_by_the_Atmospheric_Imaging_Assembly_of_NASA%27s_Solar_Dynamics_Observatory_-_20100819.jpg/155px-The_Sun_by_the_Atmospheric_Imaging_Assembly_of_NASA%27s_Solar_Dynamics_Observatory_-_20100819.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/The_Sun_by_the_Atmospheric_Imaging_Assembly_of_NASA%27s_Solar_Dynamics_Observatory_-_20100819.jpg/233px-The_Sun_by_the_Atmospheric_Imaging_Assembly_of_NASA%27s_Solar_Dynamics_Observatory_-_20100819.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/The_Sun_by_the_Atmospheric_Imaging_Assembly_of_NASA%27s_Solar_Dynamics_Observatory_-_20100819.jpg/310px-The_Sun_by_the_Atmospheric_Imaging_Assembly_of_NASA%27s_Solar_Dynamics_Observatory_-_20100819.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4044" data-file-height="3860" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%B1%A4" title="恆星大氣層">大氣層</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%90%83" title="光球">光球</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%B1%B3%E7%B2%92%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="超米粒組織">超米粒組織</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E7%B2%92%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="米粒组织">米粒组织</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E6%96%91" title="光斑">光斑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E9%BB%91%E5%AD%90" title="太阳黑子">太阳黑子</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E7%90%83" title="色球">色球</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%9C%E6%96%91" title="譜斑">譜斑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%9D%E7%8B%80%E9%AB%94" title="針狀體">針狀體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E7%88%BE%E9%A0%93%E6%B3%A2" title="莫爾頓波">莫爾頓波</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%80%E6%96%91" title="耀斑">耀斑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%8F%A5" title="日珥">日珥</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E5%86%95" title="星冕">日冕</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%B8%A1%E5%8D%80" title="過渡區">過渡區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%95%E6%B4%9E" title="冕洞">冕洞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%95%E7%92%B0" title="冕環">冕環</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%86%95%E5%B7%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%99%B4%E7%99%BC" title="日冕巨量噴發">日冕物質抛射</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%94%E7%8B%80%E6%B5%81" title="盔狀流">盔狀流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%BB%E7%B1%B3%E8%BC%9D%E5%85%89" title="費米輝光">費米輝光</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8" title="太阳活动">活動</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F" title="太陽週期">太陽週期</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="太陽週期表">太陽週期表</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%A5%B5%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%9F" title="太陽極大期">太陽極大期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%A5%B5%E5%B0%8F%E6%9C%9F" title="太陽極小期">太陽極小期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E5%A4%AB%E6%95%B8" title="沃夫數">沃夫數</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%80%E6%96%91" title="耀斑">耀斑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%AB%E5%BE%AE%E9%96%83%E7%84%B0" title="毫微閃焰">毫微閃焰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87" title="日震">日震</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%9C%88" title="太陽圈">太陽圈</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E9%A3%8E" title="太阳风">太阳风</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%9C%88%E9%9B%BB%E6%B5%81%E7%89%87" title="太陽圈電流片">電流片</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%88%E7%AB%AF%E6%BF%80%E6%B3%A2" title="终端激波">终端激波</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%9E%98" title="日鞘">日鞘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%90%83%E5%B1%A4%E9%A0%82" title="日球層頂">日球層頂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%93%E5%BD%A2%E9%9C%87%E6%B3%A2" title="弓形震波">弓形激波</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">相關條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8" title="太阳活动">太阳活动</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="太陽天文學">太陽天文學</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F" title="太陽發電機">太陽發電機</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" title="太陽望遠鏡">太陽望遠鏡</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%A3%9F" title="日食">日食</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E5%85%89" title="太阳光">太阳光</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84" title="太陽輻射">太陽輻射</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E8%83%BD" title="太阳能">太阳能</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="太阳物理学">太阳物理学</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E6%97%A5" title="太阳日">太阳日</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="太阳系">太阳系</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%B8%B8%E6%95%B8" title="太陽常數">太陽常數</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="太阳中微子问题">太陽微中子問題</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90%E6%8C%AF%E8%8D%A1" title="中微子振荡">中微子振盪</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%E6%A5%B5%E5%B0%8F%E6%9C%9F" title="蒙德極小期">蒙德極小期</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%98%9F%E9%9B%B2" title="太陽星雲">太陽星雲</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90%E4%B8%8E%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="太阳系的形成与演化">太阳系的形成与演化</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">日震學</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="標準太陽模型">標準太陽模型</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1" title="恒星光谱">恒星光谱</a>：<a href="/wiki/G%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="G型主序星">G型主序星</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=日震學&oldid=83275432">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=日震學&oldid=83275432</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3" title="Category:太阳">太阳</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1" title="Category:恆星現象">恆星現象</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%EF%BC%9A%E5%B7%B2%E7%9F%A5%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E8%A2%AB%E5%BF%BD%E7%95%A5" title="Category:引文格式1错误：已知参数被忽略">引文格式1错误：已知参数被忽略</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90_(en)" title="Category:CS1英语来源 (en)">CS1英语来源 (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%87%AA2020%E5%B9%B42%E6%9C%88%E5%B8%A6%E6%9C%89%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:自2020年2月带有失效链接的条目">自2020年2月带有失效链接的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE%E6%9C%89%E6%B0%B8%E4%B9%85%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Category:条目有永久失效的外部链接">条目有永久失效的外部链接</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%EF%BC%9AarXiv" title="Category:引文格式1错误：arXiv">引文格式1错误：arXiv</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%AD%89%E6%A0%87%E7%AD%BE" title="Category:引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签">引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%87%AA2024%E5%B9%B47%E6%9C%88%E7%B2%97%E5%8A%A3%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91" title="Category:自2024年7月粗劣翻译">自2024年7月粗劣翻译</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有英語的條目">含有英語的條目</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2024年7月4日 (星期四) 07:58。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh">知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供，附加条款亦可能应用。（请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>）<br /> Wikipedia®和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标；维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-5d84k","wgBackendResponseTime":215,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.485","walltime":"0.635","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2607,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":67737,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1914,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":30,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":41088,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 493.444 1 -total"," 30.57% 150.846 1 Template:Reflist"," 21.53% 106.246 1 Template:Rough_translation"," 21.15% 104.367 1 Template:Ambox"," 19.15% 94.519 1 Template:Lang-en"," 19.09% 94.216 15 Template:Cite_journal"," 15.69% 77.402 1 Template:太阳"," 15.32% 75.594 1 Template:Navbox"," 9.69% 47.804 4 Template:Category_handler"," 5.16% 25.473 4 Template:Category_handler/numbered"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.241","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":19296403,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-648bd44df8-hkkph","timestamp":"20241116033718","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u65e5\u9707\u5b78","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1068381","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1068381","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2011-07-01T11:02:16Z","dateModified":"2024-07-04T07:58:25Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/ec\/Helioseismology_pmode1.png"}</script> </body> </html>