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<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html class="page_article article_glossaire composition_glossaire ltr en no-js" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <base href="https://www.concurrences.com/"> <script type='text/javascript'>/*<![CDATA[*/(function(H){H.className=H.className.replace(/\bno-js\b/,'js')})(document.documentElement);/*]]>*/</script> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>State aid (recovery) - Concurrences</title> <meta name="description" content="If the Commission has taken a negative decision in the context of aid that has already been paid out, the Commission requires the Member State to recover the aid with interest from the beneficiary…" /> <style type='text/css'>img.adapt-img{max-width:100%;height:auto;}.adapt-img-wrapper {display:inline-block;max-width:100%;position:relative;background-position:center;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;line-height:1px;overflow:hidden}.adapt-img-wrapper.intrinsic{display:block}.adapt-img-wrapper.intrinsic::before{content:'';display:block;height:0;width:100%;}.adapt-img-wrapper.intrinsic img{position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:auto;}.adapt-img-wrapper.loading:not(.loaded){background-size: cover;}@media (min-width:320.5px){.adapt-img-wrapper.intrinsic-desktop{display:block}.adapt-img-wrapper.intrinsic-desktop::before{content:'';display:block;height:0;width:100%;}.adapt-img-wrapper.intrinsic-desktop img{position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:auto;}}.adapt-img-background{width:100%;height:0}@media print{html .adapt-img-wrapper{background:none}}</style> <script type='text/javascript'>/*<![CDATA[*/var adaptImgDocLength=116370;adaptImgAsyncStyles="picture.adapt-img-wrapper{background-size:0;}";adaptImgLazy=false;(function(){function d(a){var b=document.documentElement;b.className=b.className+" "+a}function f(a){var b=window.onload;window.onload="function"!=typeof window.onload?a:function(){b&&b();a()}}document.createElement("picture");adaptImgLazy&&d("lazy");var a=!1;if("undefined"!==typeof window.performance)a=window.performance.timing,a=(a=~~(adaptImgDocLength/(a.responseEnd-a.connectStart)))&&50>a;else{var c=navigator.connection||navigator.mozConnection||navigator.webkitConnection;"undefined"!==typeof c&& (a=3==c.type||4==c.type||/^[23]g$/.test(c.type))}a&&d("aislow");var e=function(){var a=document.createElement("style");a.type="text/css";a.innerHTML=adaptImgAsyncStyles;var b=document.getElementsByTagName("style")[0];b.parentNode.insertBefore(a,b);window.matchMedia||window.onbeforeprint||beforePrint()};"undefined"!==typeof jQuery?jQuery(function(){jQuery(window).on('load',e)}):f(e)})();/*]]>*/</script>  <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.concurrences.com/en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://www.concurrences.com/fr/dictionnaire/aide-d-etat-remboursement" />   <link rel="schema.DC" href="https://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" /> <link rel="schema.DCTERMS" href="https://purl.org/dc/terms/" /> <meta name="DC.Format" content="text/html" /> <meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /> <meta name="DC.Language" scheme="rfc1766" content="en" /> <meta name="DC.Title" lang="en" content="State aid (recovery) " /> <meta name="DC.Description.Abstract" lang="en" content="If the Commission has taken a negative decision in the context of aid that has already been paid out, the Commission requires the Member State to recover the aid with interest from the beneficiary…" /> <meta name="DC.Date" scheme="DCTERMS.W3CDTF" content="2019-01-24" /> <meta name="DC.created" scheme="WTN8601" content="2019-01-24T00:00:00" /> <meta name="DC.date.created" scheme="WTN8601" content="2019-01-24T00:00:00" /> <meta name="DC.Date.Modified" scheme="DCTERMS.W3CDTF" content="2019-01-22" /> <meta name="DC.Identifier" scheme="URI" content="https://www.concurrences.com/en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery" /> <meta name="DC.Publisher" content="Concurrences" /> <meta name="DC.Source" scheme="URI" content="https://www.concurrences.com" /> <meta name="DC.Subject" content="State aid recovery" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="https://www.concurrences.com/squelettes/img/logo/favicon/favicon.svg" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" sizes="32x32" href="https://www.concurrences.com/local/cache-gd2/38/eb53752304d66f157aaf81b9ef6dd6.ico" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" sizes="48x48" href="https://www.concurrences.com/local/cache-gd2/2b/0d54d963c60e773622ff95e0b4c182.ico" /> <link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://www.concurrences.com/local/cache-gd2/b8/42ed8c8a24f31e702c68b2aa6f69ba.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.concurrences.com/local/cache-gd2/05/6ca8b6d4c932f8e13bf741535dd98e.png" /> <script type="text/javascript"> var _paq = window._paq || []; 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width='20' height='18' /></span><span class="menu-glossaire-item-label">Table of contents</span></button></li></ul></div> <header class="section section_primary section_cols section_cartouche"> <div class="section__container"> <div class="cartouche cartouche_glossaire"> <h1 class="cartouche__heading" id="start"> <span class="start-mire"></span> <span class="crayon article-titre-88915 ">State aid (recovery) </span> </h1> </div> </div> </header> <section class="section section_primary section_cols section_author scrollable-anchor"> <div class="section__container"> <div class="section__main"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="institution"> <span>Institution Definition</span> </h2> <div class="section__content"> <div class="crayon article-texte-88915 texte surlignable"><p>If the Commission has taken a negative decision in the context of aid that has already been paid out, the Commission requires the Member State to recover the aid with interest from the beneficiary (unless such recovery would be contrary to a general principle of EU law). In this case, the Commission opens a ’recovery case’ to enforce the implementation of its decision. If the Member State does not comply with the decision in due time, the Commission may refer it to the European Court of Justice (ECJ), without initiating an infringement procedure under Article 258 TFEU. The aim of recovery is to remove the undue advantage granted to a company (or companies) and to restore the market to its state before the aforementioned aid was granted. There is a limitation period of ten years for recovery. <a href="IMG/pdf/state_aid_procedures_en-4.pdf?47193/bd6a66184ecdf87d429a00ce5fae2cf6c1512144972989525764186b75e82e17" class="spip_in" type='application/pdf'><strong>European Commission</strong></a></p></div> </div> </div> <aside class="section__aside side-col"></aside> </div> </section> <section class="section section_primary section_cols section_references scrollable-anchor"> <div class="section__container"> <div class="section__main"> <section class="subsection subsection_jurisprudence related-section related-jurisprudence scrollable-anchor"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="related-jurisprudence"> <span id="references">Case Comments</span> </h2> <div class="liste articles articles-related"> <div class="liste-items"> <div class='ajaxbloc' data-ajax-env='1yVjRxW9uyhvoads2YqvCFcb3jSjuxYe0mbKwe4AQaK/1bLtCKlqPQrFPh8pdF/lch4b59pfXFOIRezRkMSF1pQzGKwfOWfvXVhFMCJ5Y7wmIwvr520uodwA7G4d1ibrUPWqW3E9+BU7jDqBUjoDEa/Bmfc+h0k9IML7zr0J12j7gYtlY3wStHnLX2t+G08ap7MSsJxTJ/q1hsKsfIooRS6lcGIYMXidyXGJ3vGkUGgY1RKJ2b04nDkD3nv14QFgnpzTVgtbX0cb9S+ng9QVmJC+eD7EJNqLVWxBkAAqcGw++SRRZ3VeOmGUMVAU2Rr7HaXSW+k2Dm3bsimklnBCnerw4+W0PnwpXw==' data-origin="//en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery"> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/european-commission-363">European Commission</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/latest/the-eu-commission-concludes-that-estonian-state-aid-to-an-agricultural-company" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission concludes that Estonian State aid granted to an agricultural company is incompatible with EU State aid rules <em>(Tartu Agro)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-24T23:00:00Z">25 November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-122065 introduction entry-content"> <p>Commission finds Estonian State aid to agricultural company Tartu Agro AS to be incompatible State aid* <br class='autobr' /> The European Commission has concluded that by renting agricultural land at a rate below market price to Tartu Agro AS, an Estonian private company producing among other things milk, meat and (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/european-commission-363">European Commission</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/latest/the-eu-commission-concludes-that-german-public-capital-injection-in-favour-of-a" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission concludes that German public capital injection in favour of a casino operator is incompatible with EU State aid rules <em>(WestSpiel)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-21T23:00:00Z">22 November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-122068 introduction entry-content"> <p>Commission finds German public capital injection in favour of WestSpiel to be incompatible State aid* <br class='autobr' /> The European Commission has concluded that a German public capital injection in favour of the casino operator Westdeutsche Spielbanken GmbH & Co. KG (WestSpiel) is not in line with EU (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alain-ronzano">Alain Ronzano</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/alertes/compatibility-the-general-court-of-the-european-union-clarifies-the-scope-of" rel="bookmark"><strong>Compatibility</strong> : The General Court of the European Union clarifies the scope of the information that Member States must provide when notifying an aid measure to the Commission to enable it to carry out its examination and provides details on the relationship between the fundamental freedoms enshrined in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and the Treaty rules on State aid <em>(République portugaise)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-05T23:00:00Z">6 November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121777 introduction entry-content"> <p>On November 6, 2024, the General Court of the European Union handed down two judgments incase T-462/22 (Millennium BCP Participações e.a. v. European Commission) and in joint cases T-713/22 (Portumo and others v. European Commission) and T-720/22 (Nova Ship Invest v. European Commission)in which (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alain-ronzano">Alain Ronzano</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/alertes/incompatible-aid-the-court-of-justice-of-the-european-union-dismisses-the" rel="bookmark"><strong>Compatibility</strong> : The Court of Justice of the European Union dismisses the appeal of an advertising company and upholds the General Court’s judgement to the extent that it confirmed the existence of an economic advantage in the Brussels street furniture case <em>(JCDecaux)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-25T22:00:00Z">26 September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120808 introduction entry-content"> <p>On September 26, 2024, the Court of Justice of the European Union handed down a judgment in case C-710/22 (JCDecaux Street Furniture Belgium v. European Commission).. <br class='autobr' /> Following the conclusions delivered in this case by Advocate General Anthony M. Collins on April 11, 2024, the Court dismisses (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/bruno-stromsky">Bruno Stromsky</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2024/chroniques/compatibility-the-court-of-justice-of-the-european-union-considers-that-the" rel="bookmark"><strong>Compatibility</strong> : The Court of Justice of the European Union considers that the possibility offered to a co-contractor to use street furniture free of charge constitutes an advantage and, in the case under consideration, State aid <em>(JCDecaux)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-25T22:00:00Z">26 September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121875 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Court’s judgment in this case dismisses JCDecaux ’s appeal against a judgment of the Court of First Instance confirming a final negative decision with recovery taken by the Commission (September 7, 2022, JCDecaux Street Furniture Belgium, case T-642/19, Concurrences n° 4-2022). This (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alain-ronzano">Alain Ronzano</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/alertes/120733" rel="bookmark"><strong>Tax ruling</strong> : The Court of Justice of the European Union annules the judgment of the General Court and the decision of the Commission, holding that the general system of company taxation in the United Kingdom and the rules applicable to controlled foreign companies constitute a coherent set of rules and that these rules are not detachable from that system, thus confirming that the correct frame of reference is the general system of company taxation <em>(ITV)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-18T22:00:00Z">19 September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120733 introduction entry-content"> <p>On September 19, 2024, the Court of Justice of the European Union handed down its judgment in joined cases C-555/22 (United Kingdom v. Commission and others), C-556/22 (ITV v. Commission and others) and C-564/22 (LSEGH (Luxembourg) and London Stock Exchange Group Holdings (Italy) v. Commission (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/european-court-of-justice">European Court of Justice</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2024/the-eu-court-of-justice-rules-that-ireland-granted-a-big-tech-firm-unlawful" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice rules that Ireland granted a Big Tech firm unlawful State aid which Ireland is required to recover <em>(Apple)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-09T22:00:00Z">10 September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120589 introduction entry-content"> <p>Tax rulings: the Court of Justice sets aside the judgment of the General Court concerning tax rulings issued by Ireland in favour of Apple* <br class='autobr' /> The Court of Justice gives final judgment in the matter and confirms the European Commission’s 2016 decision: Ireland granted Apple unlawful aid which (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/james-anderson">James Anderson</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/niels-baeten">Niels Baeten</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/nate-carden-skadden-com">Nathaniel Carden</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/giorgio-motta">Giorgio Motta</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/vanessa-m-johnson">Vanessa M. Johnson</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/ketevan-zukakishvili-dlapiper-com">Ketevan Zukakishvili</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2024/the-eu-court-of-justice-rules-in-favour-of-the-eu-commission-in-finding-that" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice upholds the Commission’s finding that 2 Irish subsidiaries of a Big Tech company received unlawful State aid from Ireland in the form of a tax advantage <em>(Apple)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-09T22:00:00Z">10 September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120797 introduction entry-content"> <p>On September 10, 2024, the European Court of Justice (ECJ or Court) sided with the European Commission (Commission) and ruled that two Irish subsidiaries of Apple Inc. received unlawful state aid from Ireland in the form of a tax advantage (Case C-465/20 P). Ireland has reported that it will now (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/pietro-stella">Pietro Stella</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/markus-wellinger">Markus Wellinger</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2024/the-eu-court-of-justice-upholds-the-commission-s-decision-in-a-landmark-case" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice upholds the Commission’s decision in a landmark case finding that Ireland granted a Big Tech platform illegal State aid <em>(Apple)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-09T22:00:00Z">10 September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121065 introduction entry-content"> <p>On 10 September 2024, the Grand Chamber of the Court of Justice of the European Union (“CJEU”) delivered its judgment in the State aid Apple case (C-465/20 P, Commission v Ireland and Others). Unlike other recent judgments in similar tax cases, the CJEU sided with the Commission in finding that (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/european-commission-363">European Commission</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2024/the-eu-commission-orders-recovery-of-around-eur14m-for-incompatible-german" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission orders recovery of around €14M for incompatible German State aid in favour of airline company <em>(Ryanair)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-08T22:00:00Z">9 September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120579 introduction entry-content"> <p>Commission orders recovery of around €14 million in incompatible German State aid from Frankfurt-Hahn airport and Ryanair* <br class='autobr' /> Today, the European Commission has concluded that three German measures in favour of Ryanair and the Frankfurt-Hahn airport are incompatible with EU State aid rules. (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alain-ronzano">Alain Ronzano</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/alertes/compatibility-the-court-of-justice-of-the-european-union-annuls-both-the" rel="bookmark"><strong>Compatibility</strong>: The Court of Justice of the European Union annuls both the General Court’s judgment and the Commission’s decision regarding the aid for bus operations in the Helsinki region, finding that the Commission should have allowed the effective beneficiary of the aid to be heard and should have adopted a supplementary opening decision following its identification <em>(Koiviston Auto Helsinki)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-07-28T22:00:00Z">29 July 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-119978 introduction entry-content"> <p>Is it conceivable that the actual beneficiary of a measure considered by the Commission to be State aid incompatible with the internal market, and for which it orders full recovery of the aid from that beneficiary, may not be given the opportunity to submit comments during the formal (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jacques-derenne">Jacques Derenne</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/celia-sanchez-220470">Célia Sanchez</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2024/chroniques/compatibility-the-court-of-justice-of-the-european-union-annuls-a-decision-of" rel="bookmark"><strong>Compatibility</strong> : The Court of Justice of the European Union annuls a decision of the Commission for failure to initiate the formal investigation procedure but confirms the role of the Member State in determining the arrangements for recovery of the aid <em>(Koiviston Auto Helsinki)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-07-28T22:00:00Z">29 July 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121865 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Court of Justice of the European Union annuls a decision of the European Commission for failure to open the formal investigation procedure, but confirms the role of the Member State in determining the arrangements for recovery of the aid (CJEU, July 29, 2024, Koiviston Auto Helsinki, aff. (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alain-ronzano">Alain Ronzano</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/alertes/incompatibility-the-court-of-justice-of-the-european-union-confirms-the" rel="bookmark"><strong>Compatibility</strong> : The Court of Justice of the European Union confirms the existence of new aid and dismisses the appeal against the General Court’s judgment upholding the Commission’s decision, which found the aid granted under the third aid scheme for the Madeira Free Zone to be illegal and incompatible with the internal market, thereby ordering its recovery <em>(The Portuguese Republic)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-07-03T22:00:00Z">4 July 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-119507 introduction entry-content"> <p>On July 4, 2024, the European Court of Justice handed down its judgment in case C-736/22 (Portuguese Republic v. European Commission). <br class='autobr' /> It dismisses in its entirety the appeal lodged by the Portuguese Republic against thejudgment delivered on September 21, 2022 by the Court of First Instance in (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/bruno-stromsky">Bruno Stromsky</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2024/chroniques/selectivity-the-court-of-justice-of-the-european-union-confirms-the-obligation" rel="bookmark"><strong>Selectivity :</strong> The Court of Justice of the European Union confirms the obligation to recover aid granted under a scheme that was initially authorised but for which the conditions of compatibility were not met (<em>Portuguese Republic / Commission</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-07-03T22:00:00Z">4 July 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121862 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Court dismisses Portugal’s appeal against a judgment of the Court of First Instance (Trib. EU, Sept. 21, 2022, Portugal v. Commission, Case T-95/21, Concurrences n°4-2022), which upheld the legality of the Commission’s decision ordering the recovery of unlawful aid granted under a scheme it (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/raphael-vuitton">Raphaël Vuitton</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/chroniques/tax-leasing-the-general-court-of-the-european-union-again-dismisses-actions" rel="bookmark"><strong>Tax leasing</strong>: The General Court of the European Union once again dismisses actions against the Commission’s decision, which found that aid granted under the Spanish tax leasing scheme was partially incompatible and needed to be recovered <em>(Hispavima ; Caixabank ; Naturgy Energy Group ; Duro Felguera ; Decal España e.a.)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-06-25T22:00:00Z">26 June 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-119802 introduction entry-content"> <p>Following a first salvo of orders (Trib. EU, February 9, 2024, Derivados del Flúor and others v Commission, T-500/14 to T-504/14, EU:T:2024:74, and Trib. EU, February 9, 2024, Remolcadores Nosa Terra v/ Commission, T-432/14, EU:T:2024:75, comm. R. Vuitton, Concurrences, no. 2-2024, pp. 134-135) (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="pagination more"><a id='pagination_articles_related' class='pagination_ancre'></a> <ul class="pager"> <li class="next"><a href='//en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery?debut_articles_related=15#pagination_articles_related' class='lien_pagination more' rel='next'>More…</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="subsection subsection_articles related-section related-articles scrollable-anchor"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="related-articles"> <span>Articles</span> </h2> <div class="liste articles articles-related"> <div class="liste-items"> <div class='ajaxbloc' data-ajax-env='1yXvRhKtpyjRgDNlnsACnWk2vSs3kaJvfg6EkYMoB0xO0O4LARBuDdkzNlkK6wRk9GmGzFUNwOUvL+ITiaFFRM9HqCSMLk4cjRH48GAT7AE3aBBFh8fXGBBnzP4d3jgjuSQ+DN1jpSN15MeQxj5UXLp+KyjW1L50AE7Sf5Hyt8Zkvcz7WxcsSW+0a3Yp/raeSHDZ5ITPDD7ragtWNBtlPgdUwIiLkc5va/tFLorRaqaNE6B4UfvY8TTC4161WTMerhCOlEk7XLkPQ89gdTUemzi4ljRo9m3MPqCM+/iJcL1sUEZLDp1dXtu969e+szk6aM83oNIVaF9nIn/5qMQiHG36kjMJ' data-origin="//en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery"> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/leo-flynn">Leo Flynn</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/viktor-bottka">Viktor Bottka</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/cvetelina-georgieva">Cvetelina Georgieva</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/christian-kovacs">Christian Kovács</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/luminita-nicolae">Luminiţa Nicolae</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/legal-practice/remedies-in-state-aid-decisions-restoring-the-level-playing-field" rel="bookmark">Remedies in State aid decisions: Restoring the level playing field</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-08-31T22:00:00Z">September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-119532 introduction entry-content"> <p>Recovery of incompatible State aid that has been unlawfully granted plays a decisive part in establishing a level playing field in EU competition law in general, to the benefit of citizens, undertakings and Member States. It is an area developed from the case-law of the Union courts since the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/conor-quigley">Conor Quigley</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2023/books/european-state-aid-law-and-policy-and-uk-subsidy-control-conor-quigley" rel="bookmark">European State Aid Law and Policy (and UK Subsidy Control), QUIGLEY Conor</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-01-31T23:00:00Z">February 2023</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-115036 introduction entry-content"> <p>This section selects books on themes related to competition laws and economics. This compilation does not attempt to be exhaustive but rather a survey of themes important in the area. The survey usually covers publication over the last three months after publication of the latest issue of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/loic-grard">Loïc Grard</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2021/articles/state-aid-law-and-economic-harm-the-other-side-of-private-enforcement-103560" rel="bookmark">State aid law and economic harm: The other side of private enforcement</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-10-31T23:00:00Z">November 2021</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-103560 introduction entry-content"> <p>While in the field of anti-competitive practices, particularly as a result of Directive 2014/104/EU, seeking compensation for economic damage is gradually becoming part of European legal practice, the same cannot be said of state aid law. Although the Court of Justice considers this approach to (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/leigh-hancher">Leigh Hancher</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/tom-ottervanger">Tom Ottervanger</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/piet-jan-slot">Piet Jan Slot</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2021/livres/eu-state-aids-ed-6-leigh-hancher-tom-ottervanger-and-piet-jan-slot" rel="bookmark">EU State Aids (ed.6), Leigh HANCHER, Tom OTTERVANGER and Piet Jan SLOT</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-08-31T22:00:00Z">September 2021</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-114727 introduction entry-content"> <p>This section selects books on themes related to competition laws and economics. This compilation does not attempt to be exhaustive but rather a survey of themes important in the area. The survey usually covers publication over the last three months after publication of the latest issue of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/stephane-rodrigues">Stéphane Rodrigues</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2020/livres/manuel-de-droit-europeen-des-aides-d-etat-michael-karpenschif-92913" rel="bookmark">Manuel de droit européen des aides d’État, Michaël KARPENSCHIF</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-01-31T23:00:00Z">February 2020</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-92913 introduction entry-content"> <p>This section selects books on themes related to competition laws and economics. This compilation does not attempt to be exhaustive but rather a survey of themes important in the area. The survey usually covers publication over the last three months after publication of the latest issue of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/stephane-rodrigues">Stéphane Rodrigues</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2020/books/droit-procedural-des-aides-d-etat-textes-et-commentaires-juan-ignacio-signes-de-92917" rel="bookmark">Droit procédural des aides d’État: Textes et commentaires, Juan Ignacio SIGNES DE MESA and Aymeric DE MONCUIT</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-01-31T23:00:00Z">February 2020</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-92917 introduction entry-content"> <p>This section selects books on themes related to competition laws and economics. This compilation does not attempt to be exhaustive but rather a survey of themes important in the area. The survey usually covers publication over the last three months after publication of the latest issue of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/ricard-yannick">Aymeric de Moncuit</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/valerie-noel">Valérie Noël</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2019/legal-practice/aymeric-de-moncuit" rel="bookmark">Admissibility of appeals lodged by competitors after the <em>Montessori</em> judgment – <em>La possibilité d’une île</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-10-31T23:00:00Z">November 2019</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-92111 introduction entry-content"> <p>Any person who wishes to challenge a Commission decision authorising the granting of aid to a competitor must be directly and individually concerned by such aid, in accordance with Article 263(4) TFEU. According to the case law, this is particularly the case if the market position of this person (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/benjamin-cheynel">Benjamin Cheynel</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2018/legal-practice/the-contestation-of-the-orders-to-pay-issued-for-the-recovery-of-illegal-state" rel="bookmark">The contestation of the orders to pay issued for the recovery of illegal State aids declared incompatible by the Commission</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-10-31T23:00:00Z">November 2018</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-88144 introduction entry-content"> <p>The orders to pay adopted by the French administration, as the most common way of recovery of illegal State aids declared incompatible by the Commission, can be reviewed by French administrative courts, as illustrated by the growing number of such actions. However, actions lodged against these (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/athos-pappas">Athos Pappas</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2017/legal-practice/state-aid-and-the-principle-of-economic-continuity-the-consistency-of-the" rel="bookmark">State aid and the principle of economic continuity: The consistency of the notion and the effective protection of the competitors and the buyers</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-08-31T22:00:00Z">September 2017</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-84416 introduction entry-content"> <p>This article examines the notion of economic continuity which, in the field of state aid, allows the Commission to determine that the obligation of recovery should be extended to the transferee of the initial beneficiary of the aid. To that end, the analysis of the question of procedure allows (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/stephane-rodrigues">Stéphane Rodrigues</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2017/livres/eu-state-aid-control-law-and-economics-philipp-werner-et-vincent-verouden-dir-84147" rel="bookmark">EU State Aid Control - Law and Economics</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2017</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-84147 introduction entry-content"> <p>EU State Aid Control: Law and Economics thoroughly explores the main rationales of State aid control, the main policy concerns and the various trade-offs that underlie the rules and the decisions taken by the European Commission and the Courts. In recent years, the European Commission has (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/edoardo-traversa">Edoardo Traversa</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/isabelle-richelle">Isabelle Richelle</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/wolfgang-schon">Wolfgang Schön</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2017/livres/state-aid-law-and-business-taxation-isabelle-richelle-wolfgang-schon-and" rel="bookmark">State Aid Law and Business Taxation</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-01-31T23:00:00Z">February 2017</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-104302 introduction entry-content"> <p>This section selects books on themes related to competition laws and economics. This compilation does not attempt to be exhaustive but rather a survey of themes important in the area. The survey usually covers publication over the last three months after publication of the latest issue of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/olivier-d-ormesson">Olivier d’Ormesson</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/numeros/no-2-2012/articles-en/State-Aids-and-warranties" rel="bookmark">State Aids and warranties agreements : The Commission’s position</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2012</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-45233 introduction entry-content"> <p>In the event of the sale of a company, it is common practice for the seller and the buyer to execute a “Representations and Warranties Agreement”. If the company received State aid before the sale and if the Commission imposes at a later stage the reimbursement of this aid, which is later deemed (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jacques-derenne">Jacques Derenne</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2012/articles-en/The-recovery-of-the-unlawful-and" rel="bookmark">The recovery of the unlawful and incompatible aids : A selective overview of the european law since 2007</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-01-31T23:00:00Z">February 2012</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-41553 introduction entry-content"> <p>For several years, the recovery of unlawful aid and aid that is incompatible with the internal market has been a priority of the European Commission’s State aid policy (the European Commission has created a dedicated recovery unit, commissioned a study on the application of State aid law by (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/francesco-martucci">Francesco Martucci</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2011/livres/enforcement-of-eu-state-aid-law-at-national-level-reports-from-the-27-members" rel="bookmark">Enforcement of EU State Aid Law at National Level: Reports from the 27 Members States</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2011-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2011</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-36156 introduction entry-content"> <p>This book corresponds to the study commissioned by the European Commission from Hogan Lovells on the application of State aid law in the Member States. <br class='autobr' /> In 2005, the European Commission concluded a research contract with the law firm Lovells - now Hogan Lovells - on the implementation of state (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Bernard-Geneste">Bernard Geneste</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/claire-vannini">Claire Vannini</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2009/articles/Tax-and-competition-A-State-aid" rel="bookmark">Tax and competition: A State aid analysis</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2009-08-31T22:00:00Z">September 2009</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-26902 introduction entry-content"> <p>If interrelations between tax and competition have always been numerous, the provisions of the EC Treaty related to State aids give rise to new and particularly complex questions. Whilst these questions have gradually grown in importance, the boundaries of a tax measure likely to be classified (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="pagination more"><ul class="pager"> <li class="next"><a href='//en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery?debut_articles_related=15#pagination_articles_related' class='lien_pagination more' rel='next'>More…</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="subsection related-section related-articles scrollable-anchor"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="related-events"> <span>Events</span> </h2> <div class="liste articles articles-related"> <div class="liste-items"> <div class='ajaxbloc' data-ajax-env='1yXTRhW9u6jRg7ds3or33lQaXpo8aSNxLLBzHMoRDLhevybASSmMCa1GFap0grIwHlzpODA6vHzMB2zYiq3KZtJog50Iw/GetLTGt50F/Cv4OYKH0iKlfSm6HWFydu9h/fo8rJJ9UGyfenZ7NuSJQn5pnuBzFEv5Zp4dBVTCPZL6MizVJUd6AYh3U0X0WFjJmZMN1e5x1g1LhvginPdKrOw3xohLsPiyG9BwVMqrap6NUXh7ZYgo3PQvvMX40Yx7LXASxQv7DrpthvigD8KqifwYulOVoj1FkgFoZFNEePcdfFJrp4diNuOZ4rzvBSaFCKYMFUTmmFcCxhLo4BZk26O/KXKlp/wL' data-origin="//en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery"> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/frederic-de-bure">Frédéric de Bure</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/isabelle-de-silva">Isabelle De Silva</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/Jorge-Padilla">Jorge Padilla</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Karl-Soukup">Karl Soukup</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/nicolas-petit">Nicolas Petit</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/gonenc-gurkaynak">Gönenç Gürkaynak</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/12th-new-frontiers-of-antitrust-3-competition-policy-in-the-post-covid-19-99727" rel="bookmark">12th New Frontiers of Antitrust #3 Competition policy in the post-Covid 19 economy: What to do of Zombification risks?</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-06-10T13:30:00Z">10 June 2021</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-99727 introduction entry-content"><p>3rd Webinar of the 12th « New Frontiers of Antitrust Conference » organised by Concurrences, in partnership with Cleary Gottlieb, Compass Lexecon and ELIG Gürkaynak Attorneys-at-Law, with <a href="en/authors/frederic-de-bure" class="spip_in">Frédéric de Bure</a> (Partner, Cleary Gottlieb), <a href="en/authors/isabelle-de-silva" class="spip_in">Isabelle de Silva</a> (President, Autorité de la concurrence), <a href="en/authors/gonenc-gurkaynak" class="spip_in">Gönenç Gürkaynak</a> (Partner, ELIG Gürkaynak Attorneys-at-Law), <a href="en/Jorge-Padilla" class="spip_in">Jorge Padilla</a> (Head of Compass Lexecon EMEA), <a href="en/authors/nicolas-petit" class="spip_in">Nicolas Petit</a> (Professor, European University Institute) and <a href="en/auteur/Karl-Soukup" class="spip_in">Karl Soukup</a> (Acting Deputy Director-General for State Aid, DG COMP).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/edouard-sarrazin">Edouard Sarrazin</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/laurence-idot">Laurence Idot</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/simon-genevaz">Simon Genevaz</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/restructuring-undertakings-in-difficulty-and-competition-merger-state-aid" rel="bookmark">Restructuring undertakings in difficulty and competition — Merger & State Aid</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-11-08T11:00:00Z">8 November 2016</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-83086 introduction entry-content"><p>Lunchtalk organized by Concurrences Review in partnership with DLA Piper.</p></div> </article></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <aside class="section__aside side-col"> <div class="miniplan miniplan_related sticky-top" id="related-index"> <ul class="nav nav-list"> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery#related-jurisprudence" data-target="#related-jurisprudence">Case Comments</a></li> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery#related-articles" data-target="#related-articles">Articles</a></li> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery#related-events" data-target="#related-events">Events</a></li> </ul> </div> </aside> </div> </section> <div class="index-overlay collapse" id="index"> <span class="arrow-top"></span> <button class="close">×</button> <div class="glossaire-index"> <div class="main"> <div class="index"> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery#a" data-anchor="#a">a</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery#b" data-anchor="#b">b</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery#c" data-anchor="#c">c</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery#d" data-anchor="#d">d</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery#e" data-anchor="#e">e</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery#f" data-anchor="#f">f</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery#g" data-anchor="#g">g</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery#h" data-anchor="#h">h</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery#i" data-anchor="#i">i</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery#j" data-anchor="#j">j</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery#k" data-anchor="#k">k</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery#l" data-anchor="#l">l</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery#m" data-anchor="#m">m</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery#n" data-anchor="#n">n</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery#o" data-anchor="#o">o</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery#p" data-anchor="#p">p</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery#r" data-anchor="#r">r</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery#s" data-anchor="#s">s</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery#t" data-anchor="#t">t</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery#u" data-anchor="#u">u</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery#v" data-anchor="#v">v</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery#w" data-anchor="#w">w</a> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="a"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">a</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/absolute-territorial-protection">Absolute territorial protection </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/abuse-of-dominant-position-en">Abuse of dominant position</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/abuse-of-economic-dependence">Abuse of economic dependence</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/access-to-the-file-en">Access to the file</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/actual-competitor">Actual competitor </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/administered-prices">Administered prices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/advisory-committee-118302">Advisory committee</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/agent-en">Agent</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/agreement-notion-en">Agreement (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/ai-collusion-algorithm">AI Collusion (Algorithm)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/AKZO-Procedure">AKZO Procedure </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/amicus-curiae">Amicus curiae</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/ancillary-restraints">Ancillary restraints </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/annulment">Annulment</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/anticompetitive-market-distortions">Anticompetitive Market Distortions</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/anticompetitive-object-or-effect-en">Anticompetitive object or effect</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/anticompetitive-practices">Anticompetitive practices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Antitrust">Antitrust</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/applicable-law">Applicable law</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/arbitration">Arbitration</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/article-11-letter">Article 11 letter </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/artificial-intelligence">Artificial Intelligence </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/aec-as-efficient-competitor-principle-and-test">As-Efficient Competitor (AEC)</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="b"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">b</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/barriers-to-entry-en">Barriers to entry</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/bertrand-nash-equilibrium">Bertrand (Nash) equilibrium</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/bid-rigging">Bid rigging</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/block-exemption-regulation">Block exemption (Regulation) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/boycott">Boycott</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/brand-competition-en">Brand competition</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/bundling">Bundling</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/burden-of-proof">Burden of proof</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/buyer-power">Buyer power </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="c"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">c</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/cartel">Cartel </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/clearance-phase-ii-merger">Clearance phase II (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/collecting-society">Collecting society </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/collective-dominance">Collective dominance</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/collective-redress-class-action">Collective redress (class action)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/comity">Comity </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/commission-communication">Commission communication</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/competence">Competence </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/competition-policy-89181">Competition policy</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/complaint">Complaint </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Compliance-programme">Compliance programme </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/compulsory-license">Compulsory license</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/concentration-indexes-en">Concentration indexes</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/concerted-practices-en">Concerted practices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/concession-86056">Concession</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/concurrent-jurisdiction">Concurrent jurisdiction</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Consortium-12192">Consortium </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/consumer-protection">Consumer protection</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/consumers-associations-en">Consumers’ associations</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/control-change">Control (change)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/control-notion">Control (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/cooperation-between-competition-authorities-en">Cooperation between competition authorities</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/coordinated-effects">Coordinated effects</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/copyright">Copyright</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/corruption">Corruption</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/cost-based-access">Cost-based access</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/cournot-nash-equilibrium">Cournot (Nash) equilibrium</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/criminal-sanctions">Criminal sanctions</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/cross-subsidisation">Cross subsidisation </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="d"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">d</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/damages">Damages</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/de-minimis-notice">De minimis notice</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/digital-markets-act">Digital Markets Act</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/direct-effect">Direct effect</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/discriminatory-practices">Discriminatory practices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/distribution-agreement">Distribution agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/divestiture">Divestiture</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/dominance-notion">Dominance (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/downstream-market-117440">Downstream market</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="e"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">e</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/echr">ECHR</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/economic-analysis">Economic analysis</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/economic-efficiency">Economic efficiency</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/economies-of-scale">Economies of scale </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/ecosystem-failures">Ecosystem Failures</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/effect-on-trade-between-member-states">Effect on trade between Member States</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/effective-judicial-protection">Effective judicial protection</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/effects-doctrine-118100">Effects doctrine</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/efta-surveillance-authority-esa-court">EFTA Surveillance Authority (ESA) & Court </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/environmental-protection-en">Environmental protection</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/error-costs-108946">Error costs</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/essential-facility">Essential facility</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/european-competition-network-ecn-en">European Competition Network (ECN)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/excessive-prices-en">Excessive prices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exchange-of-information">Exchanges of information</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exclusionary-practice">Exclusionary practice </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Exclusive-distribution-12218">Exclusive distribution </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exclusive-purchasing-en">Exclusive purchasing agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exclusive-right-art-106-tfeu">Exclusive right (Art. 106 TFEU)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exclusivity-clause">Exclusivity clause</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Exhaustion">Exhaustion </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Extra-territoriality">Extra-territoriality</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="f"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">f</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/Failing-firm-defence">Failing firm defence</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/fidelity-rebates">Fidelity rebates</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Fine">Fine</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/fintech">Fintech</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/foreclosure-117887">Foreclosure</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/foreign-direct-investment-fdi">Foreign direct investment (FDI)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/foreign-subsidies">Foreign Subsidies</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/form-co">Form CO (EU) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/frand">FRAND</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Free-riding">Free riding </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="g"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">g</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/geographic-market">Geographic market</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/corporate-group">Group of undertakings</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/group-purchasing-organization">Group purchasing organization</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/guidelines-119080">Guidelines</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/gun-jumping">Gun jumping</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="h"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">h</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/hard-core-restrictions">Hard core restrictions</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Hearing-officer">Hearing officer </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/horizontal-agreement">Horizontal cooperation agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/hsr-filing-us-108854">HSR Filing (US)</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="i"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">i</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/independence-and-impartiality">Independence and impartiality</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/individual-exemption-86377">Individual exemption</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/industrial-policy">Industrial policy</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/intellectual-property-right-en">Intellectual property right</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/inter-brand-competition">Inter-brand competition </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Interim-measures">Interim measures </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/international-co-operation">International co-operation </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/international-competition-network-icn">International competition network (ICN) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/investigations-inquiries-en">Investigations / inquiries</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="j"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">j</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/judicial-review">Judicial review</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="k"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">k</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/Know-how">Know-how </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="l"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">l</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/legal-privilege">Legal privilege</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Leniency-programme">Leniency</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/lerner-index">Lerner index</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/letter-of-formal-notice-118055">Letter of formal notice </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/licensing">Licensing</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/limitation-period-119083">Limitation Period </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="m"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">m</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/margin-squeeze">Margin squeeze</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/marginal-costs">Marginal costs </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/market-economy-investor">Market economy investor</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/market-power">Market power</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/market-share">Market share </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/media-pluralism">Media pluralism</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-notion-12318-en">Merger (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-prohibition">Merger (prohibition)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-withdrawal-118046">Merger (withdrawal)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Merger-control-procedure">Merger control procedure </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-remedies-100323">Merger remedies</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/minority-shareholdings-89176">Minority shareholdings</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/misinformation">Misinformation</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/mobility-barriers-117741">Mobility Barriers</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Monopoly">Monopoly </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="n"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">n</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/ne-bis-in-idem-86490">Ne bis in idem</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/negative-clearance-118047">Negative clearance</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Network-effect">Network effect </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/non-compete-obligation-12156-en">Non-compete obligation </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/non-horizontal-mergers">Non-Horizontal Mergers </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/notification-12310">Notification</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/nullity">Nullity </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="o"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">o</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/oligopoly">Oligopoly </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/online-platforms">Online Platforms</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="p"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">p</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/parallel-imports-parallel-trade-en">Parallel imports (parallel trade)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/passing-on-en">Passing-on</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Passive-sales">Passive sales </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/patents">Patents</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/pay-for-delay">Pay-for-delay</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/periodic-penalty-payment">Periodic penalty payment</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/potential-competition">Potential competition </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/predatory-pricing">Predatory pricing</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/preliminary-rulings-art-267-tfue">Preliminary ruling (Art. 267 TFUE) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/price-discrimination-en">Price discrimination </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/price-leadership">Price leadership</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/price-signaling">Price signalling</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/price-fixing-agreement">Price-fixing agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/prices-en">Prices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/principle-of-equal-treatment">Principle of equal treatment</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/principle-of-equivalence">Principle of equivalence</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/principle-of-proportionality">Principle of proportionality</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/privacy-and-data-protection">Privacy and data protection</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/private-enforcement">Private enforcement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/privatization-en">Privatization</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/procedural-autonomy">Procedural autonomy</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/professional-association-86373-en">Professional association</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/public-procurement">Public procurement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Public-undertaking">Public undertaking</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="r"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">r</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/r-d-agreement">R&D agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/case-referral-system-mergers">Referral (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/refusal-to-deal">Refusal to deal</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/the-registry-of-the-general-court-of-the-european-union">Registry of the General Court of the European Union</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Relevant-market">Relevant market</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/remedies-antitrust-en">Remedies (antitrust)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/request-for-information">Request for information</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/resale-below-cost-en">Resale below cost </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/resale-price-maintenance-rpm">Resale price maintenance (RPM)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/restriction-on-exportation">Restriction on exportation </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/rule-of-reason">Rule of reason</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="s"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">s</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/sunk-costs-117836"> Sunk Costs </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/sector-inquiry">Sector inquiry</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/selective-distribution">Selective distribution </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/self-preference-111802">Self-Preference</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Services-of-general-economic">Services of general economic interest </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Single-branding">Single branding </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/sole-control">Sole control</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/specialization-agreements">Specialization agreements </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Spill-over-effects">Spill-over effects </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/standard-essential-patent-sep">Standard-Essential Patent (SEP)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-action-defense">State action defence</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-compatibility">State aid (compatibility)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-existing-aid">State aid (existing aid) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-notification-en">State aid (notification)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid">State aid (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery">State aid (recovery) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-unlawful-aid">State aid (unlawful aid) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/State-measure">State measure </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Statement-of-objections-SO">Statement of objections (SO) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Substitutability">Substitutability </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/sustainability">Sustainability</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/switching-costs">Switching Costs</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="t"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">t</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/technology-transfer">Technology transfer</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/test-siec-merger-en">Test SIEC (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-slc-src-sdc-tests">Test SLC (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/tipping">Tipping</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/business-secrets">Trade Secrets</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/trademark">Trademark</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/trustee-mergers-en">Trustee (mergers)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/turnover-threshold-merger">Turnover threshold (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/two-sided-market">Two-sided market</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="u"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">u</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/undertaking-notion">Undertaking (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/unfair-competition">Unfair competition</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/universal-service-118054">Universal Service</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/upstream-market">Upstream market </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="v"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">v</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/variable-costs">Variable costs </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Vertical-agreement">Vertical agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/vertical-restraints-or-restrictions">Vertical restraints (or restrictions)</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="w"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">w</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/White-clause">White clause</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/withdrawal-of-the-benefit-of-a-block-exemption">Withdrawal (of the benefit of a block exemption)</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ // hack on appelle 1 scrollspy sur body et 1 sur window pour pas les melanger jQuery(window).scrollspy({ target: '#menu-definition', offset: 130 }); jQuery('body').scrollspy({ target: '#definition-index', offset: 130 }); jQuery(document).scrollspy({ target: '#related-index', offset: 130 }); // Affichage de l'index var $btn_index 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srcset="local/adapt-img/320/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732269721 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732270930 640w, local/adapt-img/960/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266627 960w, local/adapt-img/1440/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266747 1440w, local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266189 3000w" sizes="(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw" type="image/webp"> <img src='local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266629' alt='Présentation Filigranes Les 5 Travaux d'Europe' width='3000' height='160' class='adapt-img' srcset='local/adapt-img/320/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732272327 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266627 640w, local/adapt-img/960/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732274538 960w, local/adapt-img/1440/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732269360 1440w, local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266629 3000w' sizes='(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw' /></picture></a> </div> <div class="item "> <a 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style="background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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)"> 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(min-resolution: 1.5dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732277529 480w, local/adapt-img/640/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266627 960w, local/adapt-img/960/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732270976 1440w, local/adapt-img/1440/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266622 2160w, local/adapt-img/3000/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732268300 4500w" sizes="(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw" type="image/webp"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5), (min-resolution: 1.5dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732277558 480w, local/adapt-img/640/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732277174 960w, local/adapt-img/960/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732277555 1440w, local/adapt-img/1440/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732272968 2160w, local/adapt-img/3000/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732274035 4500w" sizes="(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw" type="image/png"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1), (min-resolution: 1dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732269721 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732270930 640w, local/adapt-img/960/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266627 960w, local/adapt-img/1440/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266747 1440w, local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266189 3000w" sizes="(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw" type="image/webp"> <img src='local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266629' alt='Présentation Filigranes Les 5 Travaux d'Europe' width='3000' height='160' class='adapt-img' srcset='local/adapt-img/320/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732272327 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266627 640w, local/adapt-img/960/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732274538 960w, local/adapt-img/1440/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732269360 1440w, local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266629 3000w' sizes='(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw' /></picture></a> </div> <div class="item "> <a 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style="background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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)"> 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srcset="local/adapt-img/320/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732269721 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732270930 640w, local/adapt-img/960/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266627 960w, local/adapt-img/1440/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266747 1440w, local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266189 3000w" sizes="(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw" type="image/webp"> <img src='local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266629' alt='Présentation Filigranes Les 5 Travaux d'Europe' width='3000' height='160' class='adapt-img' srcset='local/adapt-img/320/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732272327 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266627 640w, local/adapt-img/960/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732274538 960w, local/adapt-img/1440/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732269360 1440w, local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266629 3000w' sizes='(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw' /></picture></a> </div> <div class="item "> <a 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style="background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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)"> 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