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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Riccardo Cassin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ريكآردو كاسان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ريكآردو كاسان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Рикардо Касин – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рикардо Касин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riccardo_Cassin" title="Riccardo Cassin – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Riccardo Cassin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riccardo_Cassin" title="Riccardo Cassin – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Riccardo Cassin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riccardo_Cassin" title="Riccardo Cassin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Riccardo Cassin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riccardo_Cassin" title="Riccardo Cassin – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Riccardo Cassin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riccardo_Cassin" title="Riccardo Cassin – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Riccardo Cassin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riccardo_Cassin" title="Riccardo Cassin – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Riccardo Cassin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ريكاردو كاسان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ريكاردو كاسان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riccardo_Cassin" title="Riccardo Cassin – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Riccardo Cassin" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riccardo_Cassin" title="Riccardo Cassin – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Riccardo Cassin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riccardo_Cassin" title="Riccardo Cassin – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Riccardo Cassin" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riccardo_Cassin" title="Riccardo Cassin – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Riccardo Cassin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Кассин, Риккардо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кассин, Риккардо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riccardo_Cassin" title="Riccardo Cassin – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Riccardo Cassin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Ріккардо Кассін – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ріккардо Кассін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q100662#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Riccardo_Cassin.jpg/330px-Riccardo_Cassin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Riccardo_Cassin.jpg/440px-Riccardo_Cassin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="446" data-file-height="626" /></a><figcaption>Riccardo Cassin</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Riccardo Cassin</b> (2 January 1909 – 6 August 2009)<sup id="cite_ref-Obituary_on_The_Telegraph_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obituary_on_The_Telegraph-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an Italian <a href="/wiki/Mountaineering" title="Mountaineering">mountaineer</a>, developer of <a href="/wiki/Climbing_equipment" title="Climbing equipment">mountaineering equipment</a> and author, and an important figure in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_rock_climbing" title="History of rock climbing">history of rock climbing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alpine_climbing" title="Alpine climbing">alpine climbing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Big_wall_climbing" title="Big wall climbing">big wall climbing</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riccardo_Cassin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born into a peasant family at <a href="/wiki/San_Vito_al_Tagliamento" title="San Vito al Tagliamento">San Vito al Tagliamento</a> in <a href="/wiki/Friuli" title="Friuli">Friuli</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Obituary_on_The_Telegraph_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obituary_on_The_Telegraph-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when this region was still part of the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Hungarian Empire">Austro-Hungarian Empire</a>, Cassin had humble origins. When he was three his father, Valentino, emigrated to Canada where he died in a mining accident in 1913 when aged 29. Cassin left school at the age of 12 to work for a blacksmith. In 1926, when 17, he moved to Lecco where he found employment at a steel plant. His first love was boxing, but he soon became fascinated by the mountains that tower over <a href="/wiki/Lake_Como" title="Lake Como">Lake Como</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Garda" title="Lake Garda">Lake Garda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Obituary_on_The_Telegraph_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obituary_on_The_Telegraph-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1940 he married Irma, with whom he had three sons – Valentino, Pierantonio and Guido.<sup id="cite_ref-alice_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alice-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alpinism">Alpinism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riccardo_Cassin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Alpinism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Badile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Badile.jpg/220px-Badile.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Badile.jpg/330px-Badile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Badile.jpg/440px-Badile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="547" data-file-height="411" /></a><figcaption>The north-east face of <a href="/wiki/Piz_Badile" title="Piz Badile">Piz Badile</a>. The Cassin Route ascends the right-hand side of the face.</figcaption></figure> <p>Cassin started mountaineering in around 1930 together with a group known as the <i>Ragni di Lecco</i> (spiders of Lecco).<sup id="cite_ref-interview_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interview-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1934, he made the first ascent of the Piccolissima of the <a href="/wiki/Tre_Cime_di_Lavaredo" title="Tre Cime di Lavaredo">Tre Cime di Lavaredo</a>. In 1935, after having repeated <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Comici" title="Emilio Comici">Emilio Comici</a>'s route on the north-west face of the <a href="/wiki/Monte_Civetta" title="Monte Civetta">Civetta</a>, he climbed the south-eastern ridge of the Trieste Tower and, with Vittorio Ratti, established a new route on the north face of Cima Ovest di Lavaredo.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1937, Cassin made his first climb on the <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> of the Western Alps. Over the course of three days, 14–16 July, he made the first ascent of the north-east face of <a href="/wiki/Piz_Badile" title="Piz Badile">Piz Badile</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bregaglia_Range" title="Bregaglia Range">Val Bregaglia</a> (Bergell), <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, accompanied by Ratti and Gino Esposito after they teamed up with M. Molteni and G. Valsecchi, the latter two of whom died of exhaustion and exposure on the descent.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This route is known today as the Cassin Route or the <i>Via Cassin</i>. He confirmed his extraordinary mountaineering skills 50 years later by climbing this route again at the age of 78. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GrandesJorasses.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/GrandesJorasses.jpg/220px-GrandesJorasses.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/GrandesJorasses.jpg/330px-GrandesJorasses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/GrandesJorasses.jpg/440px-GrandesJorasses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The north face of the <a href="/wiki/Grandes_Jorasses" title="Grandes Jorasses">Grandes Jorasses</a>. The Walker Spur is the buttress (centre left) leading to the highest summit.</figcaption></figure> <p>Perhaps his most celebrated first ascent was of the Walker Spur on the north face of the <a href="/wiki/Grandes_Jorasses" title="Grandes Jorasses">Grandes Jorasses</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc_Massif" class="mw-redirect" title="Mont Blanc Massif">Mont Blanc massif</a> on 4–6 August 1938 with Esposito and Ugo Tizzoni. The alpine historian Helmut Dumler comments that this was "by then universally acknowledged as the finest alpine challenge."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Claire Engel: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>They knew nothing of the Chamonix district, had never been there before, and in a vague fashion asked the hut keeper where the Grandes Jorasses were. Even more vaguely, the man made a sweeping gesture and said: "somewhere there". He had not recognised the Italians and he thought their question was a joke. He was greatly surprised when, the next evening, he saw a bivouac light fairly high up the Walker spur; by the next night the light has crept up the face. On August 6th the party reached the summit ridge, where it was caught by a violent storm which compelled the men to bivouac on the way down.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Claire Engel (1971) <i>Mountaineering in the Alps</i>, London: George Allen and Unwin, p. 231</cite></div></blockquote> <p>In 1939, together with Tizzoni, Cassin made the first ascent of a steep line on the north face of the Aiguille de Leschaux. </p><p>Cassin was one of the leading mountaineers of the inter-war period. In all, Cassin made a total of 2,500 ascents, of which over 100 were <a href="/wiki/First_ascent" title="First ascent">first ascents</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-alice_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alice-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_II">World War II</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riccardo_Cassin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> Cassin fought on the side of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">partisans</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German</a> occupiers. On 26 April 1945, when he was chief partisan,<sup id="cite_ref-interview_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interview-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both he and Ratti (who had accompanied him on several first ascents) attempted to stop a group of German soldiers from escaping to the <a href="/wiki/Valtellina" title="Valtellina">Valtellina</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Moritz" class="mw-redirect" title="St Moritz">St Moritz</a>, and Ratti was shot dead. Cassin was decorated for his actions in the partisan campaign during the years 1943–45.<sup id="cite_ref-alice_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alice-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Expedition_leader">Expedition leader</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riccardo_Cassin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Expedition leader"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gasherbrum_IV.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Gasherbrum_IV.JPG/220px-Gasherbrum_IV.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Gasherbrum_IV.JPG/330px-Gasherbrum_IV.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Gasherbrum_IV.JPG/440px-Gasherbrum_IV.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2240" data-file-height="3360" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gasherbrum_IV" title="Gasherbrum IV">Gasherbrum IV</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Cassin was supposed to have been on the <a href="/wiki/1954_Italian_Karakoram_expedition_to_K2" class="mw-redirect" title="1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2">Italian expedition that made the first ascent of K2</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Karakoram" title="Karakoram">Karakoram</a> in 1954, but <a href="/wiki/Ardito_Desio" title="Ardito Desio">Ardito Desio</a>, the chief expedition leader for the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Alpine_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Alpine Club">Italian Alpine Club</a>, preferred not to have Cassin participate. According to Cassin himself: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>In 1952 he</i> [Ardito Desio] <i>did all he could to leave me at home—he felt threatened by my experience, even if in 1952 he took me to the Himalaya to sketch the route, organize the expedition and</i> [figure out] <i>the material to bring. Before we left for Kathmandu, he sent me to do a physical in Rome, where I was told I had some cardiac problems and had to stay home while the expedition members conquered the mountain.</i><sup id="cite_ref-interview_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interview-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Following this experience, Cassin concentrated on organizing and leading expeditions himself, including the first ascent of <a href="/wiki/Gasherbrum_IV" title="Gasherbrum IV">Gasherbrum IV</a> in the Karakorum Range by <a href="/wiki/Walter_Bonatti" title="Walter Bonatti">Walter Bonatti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Mauri" title="Carlo Mauri">Carlo Mauri</a> on 6 August 1958 and an expedition that climbed <a href="/wiki/Jirishanca" title="Jirishanca">Jirishanca</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a> in 1969. </p><p>In 1961, Cassin was both leader of and a successful ascensionist on the expedition that made the first ascent of the eponymous <i>Cassin Ridge</i> on <a href="/wiki/Mount_McKinley" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount McKinley">Mount McKinley</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, at that date the most technical route on the mountain. After this ascent, <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">President Kennedy</a> sent Cassin a telegram of congratulations and, had the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs</a> crisis not intervened, he was scheduled to meet Cassin.<sup id="cite_ref-interview_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interview-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1975, Cassin led an expedition to the then-unclimbed south face of <a href="/wiki/Lhotse" title="Lhotse">Lhotse</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Himalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Himalaya">Himalaya</a>, but this attempt was unsuccessful as a result of bad weather. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mountaineering_equipment">Mountaineering equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riccardo_Cassin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mountaineering equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cassin_ice_hammer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cassin_ice_hammer.jpg/220px-Cassin_ice_hammer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cassin_ice_hammer.jpg/330px-Cassin_ice_hammer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cassin_ice_hammer.jpg/440px-Cassin_ice_hammer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>50-cm Cassin ice hammer</figcaption></figure> <p>Cassin began designing and producing mountaineering equipment in <a href="/wiki/Lecco" title="Lecco">Lecco</a> in 1947 when he produced his first rock <a href="/wiki/Piton" title="Piton">pitons</a>. In 1948 he produced his first hammers; his first <a href="/wiki/Ice_axes" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice axes">ice axes</a> appeared in 1949; and 1950 saw the introduction of his <a href="/wiki/Carabiner" title="Carabiner">carabiners</a>. That same year he produced the "first eiderdown duvet jackets for non-European mountaineering expeditions",<sup id="cite_ref-company_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-company-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> these going into production two years later. In 1958 he and his son produced their first <a href="/wiki/Climbing_harness" title="Climbing harness">harness</a> prototype; this went into production two years later, the same year that he introduced <a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">titanium</a> <a href="/wiki/Crampons" title="Crampons">crampons</a>. </p><p>In 1967 the company became a Limited Company and in the early 1980s it moved from Lecco to <a href="/wiki/Valmadrera" title="Valmadrera">Valmadrera</a>. In 1997 the <a href="/wiki/CAMP_(company)" title="CAMP (company)">CAMP</a> company bought the Cassin trademark.<sup id="cite_ref-company_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-company-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="100th_birthday_celebrations">100th birthday celebrations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riccardo_Cassin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 100th birthday celebrations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cassin's 100th birthday fell on 2 January 2009. A retrospective book, entitled <i>Riccardo Cassin: Cento volti di un grande alpinista</i> ("Riccardo Cassin: One Hundred Faces of a Great Alpinist"), was produced to mark the occasion, containing one hundred testimonials from people associated with Cassin, including Edouard Frendo, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Livanos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Livanos (page does not exist)">Georges Livanos</a>, John F. Kennedy, <a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Messner" title="Reinhold Messner">Reinhold Messner</a>, Carlo Mauri, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Bonatti" title="Walter Bonatti">Walter Bonatti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gianni_Brera" title="Gianni Brera">Gianni Brera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Candido_Cannav%C3%B2" title="Candido Cannavò">Candido Cannavò</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-alice_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alice-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cassin died in Piano dei Resinelli, Lecco, on 6 August 2009, aged 100.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riccardo_Cassin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_orders_of_merit" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian orders of merit">Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al merito della Repubblica Italiana</a> (Rome, 9 February 1999)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_orders_of_merit" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian orders of merit">Grand'Ufficiale dell'Ordine al merito della Repubblica Italiana</a> (5 January 1980)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riccardo_Cassin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Riccardo Cassin, <i>Alpi occidentali: Bianco, Cervino, Rosa</i>, Grafica e Arte Bergamo, 1990, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8872011043" title="Special:BookSources/8872011043">8872011043</a></li> <li>Riccardo Cassin, <i>Fifty Years of Alpinism</i>, Diadem, 1980, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0898860601" title="Special:BookSources/0898860601">0898860601</a></li> <li>Alessandro Gogna, Laura Melesi and Daniele Redaelli, <i>Riccardo Cassin: Cento volti di un grande alpinista</i>, Bellavite Editore, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788875110925" title="Special:BookSources/9788875110925">9788875110925</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riccardo_Cassin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Obituary_on_The_Telegraph-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Obituary_on_The_Telegraph_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Obituary_on_The_Telegraph_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Obituary_on_The_Telegraph_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/sport-obituaries/6005971/Riccardo-Cassin.html">Riccardo Cassin </a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. 10 August 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alice-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-alice_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alice_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alice_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alice_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://notizie.alice.it/notizie/cronaca/2008/11_novembre/25/riccardo_cassin_e_festa_per_grande_vecchio_alpinismo_italiano,16984665.html">Cassin 100th birthday celebrations</a>. Notizie.alice.it. Retrieved on 20 July 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-interview-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-interview_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-interview_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-interview_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-interview_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.climbing.com/community/perspective/riccardo_cassin-the_full_interview/">Cassin interview</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081226210814/http://www.climbing.com/community/perspective/riccardo_cassin-the_full_interview/">Archived</a> 26 December 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Climbing.com. Retrieved on 20 July 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Claire Engel (1971) <i>Mountaineering in the Alps</i>, London: George Allen and Unwin, p. 247</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robin G. Collomb, <i>Bregaglia West</i>, Goring: West Col Productions, 1984, p. 98. In 1987 the 78-year-old Cassin celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of his first ascent by again ascending the north-east face.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Helmut Dumler and Willi P. Burkhardt (1994) <i>The High Mountains of the Alps</i>, London: Diadem, p. 190, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0898863783" title="Special:BookSources/0898863783">0898863783</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-company-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-company_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-company_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040123035426/http://www.cassin.it/uk/storia.htm">The story of the Cassin company</a>. cassin.it</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kairn.com/news__68801.deces-riccardo-cassin.html">Death of Riccardo Cassin</a> kairn.com, accessed 9 August 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quirinale.it/onorificenze/DettaglioDecorato.asp?idprogressivo=12454&iddecorato=12034">Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana award to Cassin by the President of the Republic</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quirinale.it/onorificenze/DettaglioDecorato.asp?idprogressivo=250580&iddecorato=250002">Grande Ufficiale Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana award to Cassin on the initiative of the President of the Council</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riccardo_Cassin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Riccardo_Cassin" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Riccardo Cassin">Riccardo Cassin</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.summitpost.org/article/331138/riccardo-cassin.html">Biography on SummitPost</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.summitpost.org/route/246396/cassin-ridge.html">Cassin Ridge (Mount McKinley) page on SummitPost, with description, itinerary and topo</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081226210814/http://www.climbing.com/community/perspective/riccardo_cassin-the_full_interview/">Interview with Cassin at climbing.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukclimbing.com/articles/page.php?id=1565">Photos of the Cassin Ridge (Mount McKinley)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/sport-obituaries/6005971/Riccardo-Cassin.html">Riccardo Cassin</a> – <a href="/wiki/Daily_Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Telegraph">Daily Telegraph</a> obituary</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legacy.com/obituaries.asp?page=lifestory&personid=131319210">Obituary</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/riccardo-cassin-mountaineer-whose-exploits-across-five-decades-gave-him-legendary-status-1771218.html">Riccardo Cassin: Mountaineer whose exploits across five decades gave him legendary status</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i> Obituary</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mont Blanc de Courmayeur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Mbcourmayeur0001.jpg/90px-Mbcourmayeur0001.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Mbcourmayeur0001.jpg/135px-Mbcourmayeur0001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Mbcourmayeur0001.jpg/180px-Mbcourmayeur0001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="502" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Mountain" title="Mountain">Mountains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aiguille_d%27Argenti%C3%A8re" title="Aiguille d'Argentière">Aiguille d'Argentière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiguille_de_Bionnassay" title="Aiguille de Bionnassay">Aiguille de Bionnassay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiguille_de_Blaiti%C3%A8re" title="Aiguille de Blaitière">Aiguille de Blaitière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiguille_Blanche_de_Peuterey" title="Aiguille Blanche de Peuterey">Aiguille Blanche de Peuterey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiguille_du_Chardonnet" title="Aiguille du Chardonnet">Aiguille du Chardonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiguilles_du_Diable" title="Aiguilles du Diable">Aiguilles du Diable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiguilles_Dor%C3%A9es" title="Aiguilles Dorées">Aiguilles Dorées</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiguille_du_Dru" title="Aiguille du Dru">Aiguille du Dru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiguille_des_Glaciers" title="Aiguille des Glaciers">Aiguille des Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiguille_du_Go%C3%BBter" title="Aiguille du Goûter">Aiguille du Goûter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiguille_des_Grands_Charmoz" title="Aiguille des Grands Charmoz">Aiguille des Grands Charmoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiguille_des_Grands_Montets" title="Aiguille des Grands Montets">Aiguille des Grands Montets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiguille_du_Gr%C3%A9pon" title="Aiguille du Grépon">Aiguille du Grépon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiguille_du_Jardin" title="Aiguille du Jardin">Aiguille du Jardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiguille_du_Midi" title="Aiguille du Midi">Aiguille du Midi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiguille_de_l%27A_Neuve" title="Aiguille de l'A Neuve">Aiguille de l'A Neuve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiguille_Noire_de_Peuterey" title="Aiguille Noire de Peuterey">Aiguille Noire de Peuterey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiguille_du_Pissoir" class="mw-redirect" title="Aiguille du Pissoir">Aiguille du Pissoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiguille_du_Plan" title="Aiguille du Plan">Aiguille du Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiguille_de_Rochefort" title="Aiguille de Rochefort">Aiguille de Rochefort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiguille_du_Tour" title="Aiguille du Tour">Aiguille du Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiguille_de_Tr%C3%A9_la_T%C3%AAte" title="Aiguille de Tré la Tête">Aiguille de Tré la Tête</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiguille_de_Triolet" title="Aiguille de Triolet">Aiguille de Triolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiguille_Verte" title="Aiguille Verte">Aiguille Verte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Breya" title="La Breya">La Breya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Catogne" title="Le Catogne">Le Catogne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Ch%C3%A2telet_(Mont_Blanc)" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Châtelet (Mont Blanc)">Le Châtelet (Mont Blanc)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dent_du_G%C3%A9ant" title="Dent du Géant">Dent du Géant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B4me_du_Go%C3%BBter" title="Dôme du Goûter">Dôme du Goûter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B4me_de_Rochefort" title="Dôme de Rochefort">Dôme de Rochefort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Droites" title="Les Droites">Les Droites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9pi" title="Le Génépi">Le Génépi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Capucin" title="Grand Capucin">Grand Capucin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Darray" title="Grand Darray">Grand Darray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Pilier_d%27Angle" title="Grand Pilier d'Angle">Grand Pilier d'Angle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Lui" title="Grande Lui">Grande Lui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Pointe_des_Planereuses" title="Grande Pointe des Planereuses">Grande Pointe des Planereuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Rocheuse" title="Grande Rocheuse">Grande Rocheuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandes_Jorasses" title="Grandes Jorasses">Grandes Jorasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc" title="Mont Blanc">Mont Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc_de_Courmayeur" title="Mont Blanc de Courmayeur">Mont Blanc de Courmayeur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc_du_Tacul" title="Mont Blanc du Tacul">Mont Blanc du Tacul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont_Brouillard" title="Mont Brouillard">Mont Brouillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont_Dolent" title="Mont Dolent">Mont Dolent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont_Mallet" title="Mont Mallet">Mont Mallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont_Maudit" title="Mont Maudit">Mont Maudit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pic_Eccles" title="Pic Eccles">Pic Eccles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picco_Luigi_Amedeo" class="mw-redirect" title="Picco Luigi Amedeo">Picco Luigi Amedeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointe_Allobrogia" title="Pointe Allobrogia">Pointe Allobrogia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointe_Helbronner" title="Pointe Helbronner">Pointe Helbronner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointe_d%27Orny" title="Pointe d'Orny">Pointe d'Orny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointe_des_Plines" title="Pointe des Plines">Pointe des Plines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointe_Ronde" title="Pointe Ronde">Pointe Ronde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointe_Walker" class="mw-redirect" title="Pointe Walker">Pointe Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Portalet" title="Le Portalet">Le Portalet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punta_Baretti" title="Punta Baretti">Punta Baretti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tita_Neire" title="Tita Neire">Tita Neire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_Noir" title="Tour Noir">Tour Noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_Ronde" title="Tour Ronde">Tour Ronde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Mountain_pass" title="Mountain pass">Cols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Col_Ferret" title="Col Ferret">Col Ferret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petit_Col_Ferret" title="Petit Col Ferret">Petit Col Ferret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Col_des_Montets" title="Col des Montets">Col des Montets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Glacier" title="Glacier">Glaciers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argenti%C3%A8re_Glacier" title="Argentière Glacier">Argentière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bossons_Glacier" title="Bossons Glacier">Bossons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mer_de_Glace" title="Mer de Glace">Mer de Glace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miage_Glacier" title="Miage Glacier">Miage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleina_Glacier" title="Saleina Glacier">Saleina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%AAte_Rousse_Glacier" title="Tête Rousse Glacier">Tête Rousse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trient_Glacier" title="Trient Glacier">Trient</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Mountain_hut" title="Mountain hut">Refuges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Premier_Hut" title="Albert Premier Hut">Albert Premier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Neuve_Hut" title="A Neuve Hut">A Neuve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argenti%C3%A8re_Hut" title="Argentière Hut">Argentière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charpoua_Hut" title="Charpoua Hut">Charpoua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmiques_Hut" title="Cosmiques Hut">Cosmiques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couvercle_Hut" title="Couvercle Hut">Couvercle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durier_Hut" title="Durier Hut">Durier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifugio_Elisabetta" class="mw-redirect" title="Rifugio Elisabetta">Elisabetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonella_Hut" title="Gonella Hut">Francesco Gonella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grands_Mulets_Hut" title="Grands Mulets Hut">Grands Mulets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leschaux_Hut" title="Leschaux Hut">Leschaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refuge_Mont-Blanc" title="Refuge Mont-Blanc">Mont-Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refuge_du_Plan_de_l%27Aiguille" title="Refuge du Plan de l'Aiguille">Plan de l'Aiguille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintino_Sella_Hut_(Mont_Blanc)" title="Quintino Sella Hut (Mont Blanc)">Quintino Sella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%AAte_Rousse_Hut" title="Tête Rousse Hut">Tête Rousse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torino_Hut" title="Torino Hut">Torino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refuge_de_Tr%C3%A9_la_T%C3%AAte" title="Refuge de Tré la Tête">Tré la Tête</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trient_Hut" title="Trient Hut">Trient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleina_Hut" title="Saleina Hut">Saleina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallot_Hut" title="Vallot Hut">Vallot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Mountaineering" title="Mountaineering">Mountaineers</a><br /><a href="/wiki/First_ascent" title="First ascent">(first or major ascents)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Allain" title="Pierre Allain">Allain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Almer" title="Christian Almer">Almer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Anderegg" title="Jakob Anderegg">Anderegg (J.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchior_Anderegg" title="Melchior Anderegg">Anderegg (M.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Balmat" title="Jacques Balmat">Balmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Blanchard" title="Barry Blanchard">Blanchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Blodig" title="Karl Blodig">Blodig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marc_Boivin" title="Jean-Marc Boivin">Boivin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Bonatti" title="Walter Bonatti">Bonatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Bonington" title="Chris Bonington">Bonington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loulou_Boulaz" title="Loulou Boulaz">Boulaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lily_Bristow" title="Lily Bristow">Bristow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Brown_(climber)" title="Joe Brown (climber)">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Burgener" title="Alexander Burgener">Burgener</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cassin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Charlet" title="Armand Charlet">Charlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Clough" title="Ian Clough">Clough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Cordier_(mountaineer)" title="Henri Cordier (mountaineer)">Cordier (H.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Cordier_(alpinist)" title="Patrick Cordier (alpinist)">Cordier (P.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Couzy" title="Jean Couzy">Couzy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Croz" title="Michel Croz">Croz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Thomas_Dent" title="Clinton Thomas Dent">Dent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Desmaison" title="René Desmaison">Desmaison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Destivelle" title="Catherine Destivelle">Destivelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_D%C5%82ugosz_(mountaineer)" title="Jan Długosz (mountaineer)">Długosz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Eccles" title="James Eccles">Eccles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Eckenstein" title="Oscar Eckenstein">Eckenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Gabarrou" title="Patrick Gabarrou">Gabarrou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivano_Ghirardini" title="Ivano Ghirardini">Ghirardini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Graham_Brown" title="Thomas Graham Brown">Graham Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_G%C3%BCssfeldt" title="Paul Güssfeldt">Güssfeldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Harlin" title="John Harlin">Harlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Heckmair" class="mw-redirect" title="Andreas Heckmair">Heckmair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Hemming" title="Gary Hemming">Hemming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hudson_(climber)" title="Charles Hudson (climber)">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Shirley_Kennedy" title="Edward Shirley Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Henry_King,_1st_Baronet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Henry King, 1st Baronet">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Klucker" title="Christian Klucker">Klucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriz_von_Kuffner" title="Moriz von Kuffner">Kuffner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Kukuczka" title="Jerzy Kukuczka">Kukuczka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wojciech_Kurtyka" title="Wojciech Kurtyka">Kurtyka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Lachenal" title="Louis Lachenal">Lachenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Christophe_Lafaille" title="Jean-Christophe Lafaille">Lafaille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Lambert" title="Raymond Lambert">Lambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_MacIntyre" title="Alex MacIntyre">MacIntyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Mallory" title="George Mallory">Mallory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Oakley_Maund" title="John Oakley Maund">Maund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mazeaud" title="Pierre Mazeaud">Mazeaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Messner" title="Reinhold Messner">Messner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Middlemore" title="Thomas Middlemore">Middlemore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Warburton_Moore" title="Adolphus Warburton Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_F._Mummery" title="Albert F. Mummery">Mummery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel-Gabriel_Paccard" title="Michel-Gabriel Paccard">Paccard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Paradis" title="Marie Paradis">Paradis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Patey" title="Tom Patey">Patey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI" title="Pope Pius XI">Ratti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_R%C3%A9buffat" title="Gaston Rébuffat">Rébuffat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emile_Rey" class="mw-redirect" title="Emile Rey">Rey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Robbins" title="Royal Robbins">Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Roch" title="André Roch">Roch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Rouse" title="Alan Rouse">Rouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace-B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dict_de_Saussure" class="mw-redirect" title="Horace-Bénédict de Saussure">de Saussure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Smythe" title="Frank Smythe">Smythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Stephen" title="Leslie Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Terray" title="Lionel Terray">Terray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Twight" title="Mark Twight">Twight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Vallen%C3%A7ant" title="Patrick Vallençant">Vallençant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Walker" title="Horace Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Whillans" title="Don Whillans">Whillans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Whymper" title="Edward Whymper">Whymper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Winthrop_Young" title="Geoffrey Winthrop Young">Winthrop Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arve" title="Arve">Arve (river)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemin_de_fer_du_Montenvers" title="Chemin de fer du Montenvers">Chemin de fer du Montenvers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giardino_Botanico_Alpino_Saussurea" class="mw-redirect" title="Giardino Botanico Alpino Saussurea">Giardino Botanico Alpino Saussurea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haute_Route" title="Haute Route">Haute Route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathon_du_Mont_Blanc" title="Marathon du Mont Blanc">Marathon du Mont Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc_glacier_flood" class="mw-redirect" title="Mont Blanc glacier flood">Mont Blanc glacier flood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc_tramway" title="Mont Blanc tramway">Mont Blanc tramway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc_Tunnel" title="Mont Blanc Tunnel">Mont Blanc Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Gervais%E2%80%93Vallorcine_railway" title="Saint-Gervais–Vallorcine railway">Saint-Gervais–Vallorcine railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyway_Monte_Bianco" title="Skyway Monte Bianco">Skyway Monte Bianco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_of_the_Mont_Blanc" title="Top of the Mont Blanc">Top of the Mont Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_du_Mont_Blanc" title="Tour du Mont Blanc">Tour du Mont Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aosta_Valley" title="Aosta Valley">Val d'Aosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_Ferret" title="Val Ferret">Val Ferret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_Veny" title="Val Veny">Val Veny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vall%C3%A9e_Blanche_Aerial_Tramway" class="mw-redirect" title="Vallée Blanche Aerial Tramway">Vallée Blanche Aerial Tramway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q100662#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q100662#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q100662#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000118771880">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/65070097">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/22116/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxxh4KmvrXqDC6xRX9v73">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/128852275">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n78006616">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16503241q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16503241q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00435489">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Cassin, Riccardo"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV090200">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201739407">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007259441005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a 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