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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Descent_from_Mont-Blanc_in_1787.jpg/220px-Descent_from_Mont-Blanc_in_1787.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Descent_from_Mont-Blanc_in_1787.jpg/330px-Descent_from_Mont-Blanc_in_1787.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Descent_from_Mont-Blanc_in_1787.jpg/440px-Descent_from_Mont-Blanc_in_1787.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8261" data-file-height="6838" /></a><figcaption><i>Descent from the Mont Blanc in 1787 by <a href="/wiki/Horace_B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dict_de_Saussure" title="Horace Bénédict de Saussure">H.B. de Saussure</a></i><br /><a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">Copperplate engraving</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Christian_von_Mechel" title="Christian von Mechel">Christian von Mechel</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_tip_of_Mont_Blanc,_Teylers_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/The_tip_of_Mont_Blanc%2C_Teylers_Museum.jpg/220px-The_tip_of_Mont_Blanc%2C_Teylers_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/The_tip_of_Mont_Blanc%2C_Teylers_Museum.jpg/330px-The_tip_of_Mont_Blanc%2C_Teylers_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/The_tip_of_Mont_Blanc%2C_Teylers_Museum.jpg/440px-The_tip_of_Mont_Blanc%2C_Teylers_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="753" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The "Top of the Mont Blanc" on display in Teylers Museum</figcaption></figure> <p>The so-called <b>Top of the Mont Blanc</b> is a collection piece on display in the <a href="/wiki/Teylers_Oval_Room" title="Teylers Oval Room">Oval Room</a> of <a href="/wiki/Teylers_Museum" title="Teylers Museum">Teylers Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The specimen was cut off from the highest findable piece of exposed rock of the <a href="/wiki/Rocher_de_la_Tournette" title="Rocher de la Tournette">Rocher de la Tournette</a>, 4,677 metres (15,344 ft) high on the snow covered summit ridge of the <a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc" title="Mont Blanc">Mont Blanc</a> on 3 August 1787, during one of the first climbs of the mountain by the Swiss scientific pioneer <a href="/wiki/Horace_B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dict_de_Saussure" title="Horace Bénédict de Saussure">Horace Bénédict de Saussure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Museum_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Museum-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_climb">The climb</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Top_of_the_Mont_Blanc&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: The climb"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The climb was the second known to reach the top of Mont Blanc after <a href="/wiki/Michel-Gabriel_Paccard" title="Michel-Gabriel Paccard">Michel-Gabriel Paccard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Balmat" title="Jacques Balmat">Jacques Balmat</a> had already reached the summit a year before, and included around 20 people including De Saussure, his servant and several guides and carriers. The climbing mission was a scientific expedition, during which De Saussure undertook research and executed physical experiments (among other things) on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boiling_point_of_water&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boiling point of water (page does not exist)">boiling point of water</a> at different heights. He calculated the height at each of his experiments by measuring how long it took an alcohol burner to boil an amount of water, and by these means he determined the height of the mountain to be 4775 metres. (This later turned out to be 32 metres less than the actual height of 4807 metres). For these experiments De Saussure brought specific scientific equipment, such as a <a href="/wiki/Barometer" title="Barometer">barometer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thermometer" title="Thermometer">thermometer</a>. His calculated boiling temperature of water at the top of the mountain was fairly accurate, only off by 0.1 Kelvin.<sup id="cite_ref-Museum_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Museum-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Publication_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Publication-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Acquisition_of_the_exhibition_pieces">Acquisition of the exhibition pieces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Top_of_the_Mont_Blanc&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Acquisition of the exhibition pieces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Teylers_Museum" title="Teylers Museum">Teylers Museum</a> was founded just before the climb took place, and at the time serious progress was being made in the research of <a href="/wiki/Bedrock" title="Bedrock">bedrocks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">minerals</a>. The term "<a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">geology</a>" was coined by the very initiator of this expedition, De Saussure, and the science was becoming more popular. At that time the museum was still very young and it actively collected knowledge and objects around it and put them on display. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Martinus_van_Marum" class="mw-redirect" title="Martinus van Marum">Martinus van Marum</a> acquired the piece from the top of Mont Blanc as well as several other objects from this climb in the fifteen years following it. In 1799, on behalf of the museum, he had already purchased a <a href="/wiki/Maquette" title="Maquette">maquette</a> of Mont Blanc for nine guilders. It had been created in 1787 by the Swiss <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fran%C3%A7ois_Exchaquet" title="Charles François Exchaquet">Charles François Exchaquet</a> and displayed the expedition as well. Although several maquettes were produced at the time, as of 2012 there are only two known to remain - one at Teylers Museum, and one in the Muséum d'histoire naturelle de la Ville de Genève.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The maquette is believed to be an accurate representation of the mountain and the nearby valley of <a href="/wiki/Chamonix" title="Chamonix">Chamonix</a> and is 100 by 64 by 35 cm in size, on a 1:15000 scale. Although the dimensions of the maquette are as accurate as possible, the colors are not - they are more informative than accurate. Several drawings and engravings of the view and the expedition were also acquired by Van Marum to complete the set for exhibition. In 1802 he bought the actual "top of the Mont Blanc" together with several other geological samples from <a href="/wiki/Theodore_de_Saussure" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore de Saussure">Theodore de Saussure</a> (son of the famous geologist), who put together a collection of samples from his father's rocks.<sup id="cite_ref-Museum_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Museum-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mont Blanc rock (a <a href="/wiki/Biotite" title="Biotite">biotite</a> <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a>) is on display together with other rocks in the central showcase of the Oval Room. The maquette is also on display in the same room. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Top_of_the_Mont_Blanc&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2007 a fictional short film by Mels van Zutphen, titled <i>The tip of Mont Blanc</i> about bringing <i>"the top of the mountain"</i> back to Mont Blanc, was screened at the Dutch Film Festival. <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Top_of_the_Mont_Blanc&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_geology" title="History of geology">History of geology</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Top_of_the_Mont_Blanc&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Oval Room is the display location as at 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Museum-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Museum_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Museum_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Museum_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.teylersmuseum.eu/teylersuniversum/index.php?m=narratio&id=3&ir=1&lang=nl">Website of the Teylers Museum on the top of the Mont Blanc</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130525173049/http://www.teylersmuseum.eu/teylersuniversum/index.php?m=narratio">Archived</a> 2013-05-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Publication-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Publication_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.teylersmuseum.eu/teylersuniversum/pdf/03_001.pdf">Article on the climb of the Mont Blanc by Horace-Bénédict de Saussure</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> L. Touret, 'In het spoor van Horace Benedicte de Saussure', in: <i>Teylers Magazijn</i> 4, 1984, p. 1-5 (in Dutch)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.terrainmodels.com/exchaquet.html">Terrainmodels: Charles François Exchaquet website</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.terrainmodels.com/pdf/seylaz_1935.pdf">article</a> L. Seylaz,'Un émule de H. B. de Saussure: Charles-François Exchaquet, 1746-1792', in: <i>Die Alpen, Les Alpes, Le Alpi, Las Alps</i> 11 (1935), pp. 187-195 (in French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vimeo.com/120638349"><i>Het Topje van de Mont Blanc - 7’ - 2007</i></a></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Top_of_the_Mont_Blanc&oldid=1245558393">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Top_of_the_Mont_Blanc&oldid=1245558393</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Teylers_Museum" title="Category:Teylers Museum">Teylers Museum</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mont_Blanc" title="Category:Mont Blanc">Mont Blanc</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_the_Alps" title="Category:Mountains of the Alps">Mountains of the Alps</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Haute-Savoie" title="Category:Mountains of Haute-Savoie">Mountains of Haute-Savoie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Aosta_Valley" title="Category:Mountains of Aosta Valley">Mountains of Aosta Valley</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_July_2018" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from July 2018">Articles with dead external links from July 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 September 2024, at 17:56<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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