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id="toc-Marcel_Cuvelier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marcel_Cuvelier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Marcel Cuvelier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marcel_Cuvelier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_years_and_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years_and_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Early years and education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musical_studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Musical studies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_creation_of_Jeunesses_Musicales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_creation_of_Jeunesses_Musicales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>The creation of Jeunesses Musicales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_creation_of_Jeunesses_Musicales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.5</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-René_Nicoly" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#René_Nicoly"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>René Nicoly</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-René_Nicoly-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musical_concerts_and_courses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_concerts_and_courses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Musical concerts and courses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_concerts_and_courses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-René_Nicoly_meets_Marcel_Cuvelier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#René_Nicoly_meets_Marcel_Cuvelier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>René Nicoly meets Marcel Cuvelier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-René_Nicoly_meets_Marcel_Cuvelier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Functions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Functions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4</span> <span>Functions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Functions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1945_–_1960" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1945_–_1960"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>1945 – 1960</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1945_–_1960-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1960_–_1974" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1960_–_1974"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>1960 – 1974</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960_–_1974-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1974_–_1990" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1974_–_1990"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>1974 – 1990</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1974_–_1990-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990_–_1995" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990_–_1995"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>1990 – 1995</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990_–_1995-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_logo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_logo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The logo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_logo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_Programmes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Programmes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>International Programmes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_Programmes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International Programmes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_Programmes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-EnCore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EnCore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>EnCore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EnCore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethno" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethno"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Ethno</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethno-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Euro-Arab_Youth_Music_Center" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Euro-Arab_Youth_Music_Center"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Euro-Arab Youth Music Center</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Euro-Arab_Youth_Music_Center-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fair_Play" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fair_Play"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Fair Play</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fair_Play-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imagine_Music_Experience" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imagine_Music_Experience"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Imagine Music Experience</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imagine_Music_Experience-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-JM_Jazz_World" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#JM_Jazz_World"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>JM Jazz World</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-JM_Jazz_World-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-JMI_Global" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#JMI_Global"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>JMI Global</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-JMI_Global-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_against_Child_Labour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_against_Child_Labour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Music against Child Labour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_against_Child_Labour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_Crossroads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_Crossroads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Music Crossroads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_Crossroads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_Meeting_Centres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_Meeting_Centres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>World Meeting Centres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_Meeting_Centres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_Youth_Choir_(WYC)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_Youth_Choir_(WYC)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.11</span> <span>World Youth Choir (WYC)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_Youth_Choir_(WYC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yo!Fest_Emerging_Bands_Contest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yo!Fest_Emerging_Bands_Contest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.12</span> <span>Yo!Fest Emerging Bands Contest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yo!Fest_Emerging_Bands_Contest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Young_Audiences_Music_(YAM)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Young_Audiences_Music_(YAM)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.13</span> <span>Young Audiences Music (YAM)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Young_Audiences_Music_(YAM)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-BLACKBOARD_Music_Project" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BLACKBOARD_Music_Project"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.13.1</span> <span>BLACKBOARD Music Project</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BLACKBOARD_Music_Project-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> 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href="#Presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Presidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secretaries-general" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secretaries-general"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Secretaries-general</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secretaries-general-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treasurers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treasurers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Treasurers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treasurers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Official_relations_and_affiliations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Jeunesses Musicales International</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:JMI_New_Logo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/JMI_New_Logo.jpg/220px-JMI_New_Logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/JMI_New_Logo.jpg/330px-JMI_New_Logo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/JMI_New_Logo.jpg/440px-JMI_New_Logo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="229" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">JMI's logo</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">JMI, JM International</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data note">17 July 1945</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data">Marcel Cuvelier, <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Nicoly" title="René Nicoly">René Nicoly</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Non-profit, <a href="/wiki/Interest_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Interest group">interest group</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data">To provide opportunities for young people and children to develop through music across all boundaries.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, Belgium</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Secretary General</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Blasko Smilevski</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jmi.net">www<wbr />.jmi<wbr />.net</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jeunesses Musicales International (JMI)</b> is a global non-governmental youth music organization founded in Brussels, Belgium, in 1945. Its mission is to "enable young people to develop through music across all boundaries." JMI operates in four primary areas: Young Musicians, Young Audiences, Youth Empowerment, and Youth Orchestras & Ensembles. </p><p>JMI has a presence in nearly forty countries, organizing over 36,000 musical events annually, which cater to a wide variety of music genres and reach approximately five million young people. The organization's work is supported by the Federal Government of Belgium, the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO), ACTIRIS, and the Creative Europe Programme of the European Union. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Founders">Founders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Founders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marcel_Cuvelier_in_his_office_at_the_Palais_des_Beaux_Arts_in_Brussels.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Marcel_Cuvelier_in_his_office_at_the_Palais_des_Beaux_Arts_in_Brussels.png/250px-Marcel_Cuvelier_in_his_office_at_the_Palais_des_Beaux_Arts_in_Brussels.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Marcel_Cuvelier_in_his_office_at_the_Palais_des_Beaux_Arts_in_Brussels.png/375px-Marcel_Cuvelier_in_his_office_at_the_Palais_des_Beaux_Arts_in_Brussels.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Marcel_Cuvelier_in_his_office_at_the_Palais_des_Beaux_Arts_in_Brussels.png/500px-Marcel_Cuvelier_in_his_office_at_the_Palais_des_Beaux_Arts_in_Brussels.png 2x" data-file-width="734" data-file-height="523" /></a><figcaption>Marcel Cuvelier, founder of Jeunesses Musicales Belgium (in 1940) and of the JMI (in 1945), and Secretary-general of the <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Council" title="International Music Council">International Music Council</a> of <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> (in 1949) in his office at the Palais des Beaux-Arts in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marcel_Cuvelier">Marcel Cuvelier</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Marcel Cuvelier"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_years_and_education">Early years and education</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early years and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marcel Jules Léon Cuvelier was born in Brussels on May 22, 1899. He pursued a classical high school education followed by law studies at the Université Libre de Bruxelles, where he earned a Doctor of Law degree. Cuvelier was also an avid sportsman, participating in the Olympic Games of 1920 and 1924 as a member of the Belgian national fencing team.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Musical_studies">Musical studies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Musical studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cuvelier developed a passion for music early on, studying violin at the Music Academies of Etterbeek and Anderlecht and the Royal Conservatory of Brussels. He was also a jazz enthusiast, playing saxophone in a university band named "Doctor's Mysterious Six." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_creation_of_Jeunesses_Musicales">The creation of Jeunesses Musicales</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The creation of Jeunesses Musicales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The idea of creating an organisation dedicated to young musicians sprang in Cuvelier's mind early, in 1928, as he was watching the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Fine_Arts,_Brussels" title="Centre for Fine Arts, Brussels">Centre for Fine Arts, Brussels</a>. "I always thought of giving concerts for young people… I remember that this idea haunted me already in 1928, during the construction of the Palace of Fine Arts, when I was walking over the beams and the bars, when I walked like an insect in that huge frame that would become a concert hall, meeting rooms, offices, halls. I thought about an audience that is demanding, worthy of respect, living: YOUNG. I saw it arrive from all sides, before the spotlight, from those balconies, out of those halls. I could already hear the shouts and the applause" (text from the program brochure "Twenty-fifth Birthday of the foundation of the movement Youth and Music" Brussels 11–16 January 1965, p. 7)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His lifetime dream would take shape in 1940 with the foundation of the organization Youth and Music (also known by the belgicism Jeunesses Musicales). The purpose of this organization was not only to give life concerts for youngsters, as was the case of previous organizations. Jeunesses Musicales was thought of as a real community of youngsters who loved music and were able to organize their concerts and manifestations. Meeting <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Nicoly" title="René Nicoly">René Nicoly</a> brought to the foundation of the Jeunesses Musicales International in 1945. This society, today known as Jeunesses Musicales International, would, later on, acknowledge him as secretary-general. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marcel_Cuvelier_and_some_children.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Marcel_Cuvelier_and_some_children.png/250px-Marcel_Cuvelier_and_some_children.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Marcel_Cuvelier_and_some_children.png/375px-Marcel_Cuvelier_and_some_children.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Marcel_Cuvelier_and_some_children.png/500px-Marcel_Cuvelier_and_some_children.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="434" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Marcel Cuvelier and some children. Photo taken in August 1950 on the occasion of the foundation of J.M. Germany in <a href="/wiki/Bayreuth" title="Bayreuth">Bayreuth</a>.</div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Career">Career</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marcel Cuvelier had many important functions in his lifetime. In 1927, he founded the Philharmonic Society of Brussels, of which he remained director until his death. He was the founder of Youth and Music France in 1940 and of Jeunesses Musicales International, together with <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Nicoly" title="René Nicoly">René Nicoly</a>, in 1945. Later on, he became the Secretary-general of the Society. Other notable distinctions of Marcel Cuvelier were his becoming Director of the International Music Competition Queen Elisabeth of Belgium from its conception in 1953 and his naming as Secretary-general of the <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Council" title="International Music Council">International Music Council</a> of Unesco in Paris. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Death">Death</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the thirteenth world conference, in 1958, Marcel Cuvelier was recovering from a heart attack he had had in the spring of the same year. The unfortunate incident happened in <a href="/wiki/Tashkent" title="Tashkent">Tashkent</a> (URSS) when he was accompanying Queen Elisabeth at the <a href="/wiki/International_Tchaikovsky_Competition" title="International Tchaikovsky Competition">Tchaikovsky Competition</a>. Although doctors advised him to take complete rest, Cuvelier continued to work with ardour and passion. He was found dead on Septembre 1959, in his hotel room in <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, where he was attending a meeting of the <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Council" title="International Music Council">International Music Council</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ren%C3%A9_Nicoly,_founder_of_Jeunesses_Musicales_de_France.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Ren%C3%A9_Nicoly%2C_founder_of_Jeunesses_Musicales_de_France.png/250px-Ren%C3%A9_Nicoly%2C_founder_of_Jeunesses_Musicales_de_France.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="388" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Ren%C3%A9_Nicoly%2C_founder_of_Jeunesses_Musicales_de_France.png 1.5x" data-file-width="366" data-file-height="568" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Nicoly" title="René Nicoly">René Nicoly</a>, founder of Jeunesses Musicales de France (in 1942) and of JMI (in 1945, with Cuvelier).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="René_Nicoly"><span id="Ren.C3.A9_Nicoly"></span>René Nicoly</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: René Nicoly"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_years">Early years</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>René Eugène Joseph Nicoly was born on 22 September 1907, in <a href="/wiki/Avon,_Seine-et-Marne" title="Avon, Seine-et-Marne">Avon, Seine-et-Marne</a>. His origins were humble, as his father was a manservant and his mother, Marguerite, a chambermaid. Nevertheless, <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Nicoly" title="René Nicoly">René Nicoly</a>'s path to a musical career started early, as his parents were employed by a famous Parisian music publisher, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Durand_(publisher)" title="Jacques Durand (publisher)">Jacques Durand</a>. In his house, Durand taught Nicoly to play the clarinet. Although at that time it was unusual for the classes to mix, the two would play together at clarinet and piano. After having served in the military, René Nicoly was offered a place in Jacques Durand's publishing house as head of the orchestral musical department. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Musical_concerts_and_courses">Musical concerts and courses</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Musical concerts and courses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>René Nicoly organized concerts and musical courses to introduce all people, of any social status, to the beauty of music. His initiative spread to Parisian high-schools and attracted many musicians and speakers: "From the very beginning, René Nicoly's idea had been that of a music awakening – introducing young people from all walks of life, including the least fortunate in society, to music by offering them programmes of a very high artistic standard in order to create a new generation of music-lovers."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="René_Nicoly_meets_Marcel_Cuvelier"><span id="Ren.C3.A9_Nicoly_meets_Marcel_Cuvelier"></span>René Nicoly meets Marcel Cuvelier</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: René Nicoly meets Marcel Cuvelier"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the autumn of 1941, <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Nicoly" title="René Nicoly">René Nicoly</a> met Marcel Cuvelier, then the Director of the Brussels Philharmonic Society. This meeting would change both their lives. Then, Nicoly found out that Couvelier was organizing similar musical events dedicated to youngsters in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>. After sharing ideas, the two concluded that they should unite their forces to create a movement, which they named "Les Jeunesses Musicales". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Functions">Functions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Functions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>René Nicoly had numerous functions in his life. He was the Managing Director of the Société Française de Diffusion Musicale et Artistique, Vice-chairman of the Comité Nationale de la Musique, head of coordination within the Ministry of Culture of symphonic concerts in the greater Paris region. Also, from 1969 until his death in 1971, he was the Director of the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Opera" title="Paris Opera">Paris Opera</a>. Nevertheless, he always played an essential role in the affairs of the JMI. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marcel_Cuvelier_and_Ren%C3%A9_Nicoly_at_the_FIJM_World_Congress_in_Paris_in_1959.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Marcel_Cuvelier_and_Ren%C3%A9_Nicoly_at_the_FIJM_World_Congress_in_Paris_in_1959.png/250px-Marcel_Cuvelier_and_Ren%C3%A9_Nicoly_at_the_FIJM_World_Congress_in_Paris_in_1959.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Marcel_Cuvelier_and_Ren%C3%A9_Nicoly_at_the_FIJM_World_Congress_in_Paris_in_1959.png/375px-Marcel_Cuvelier_and_Ren%C3%A9_Nicoly_at_the_FIJM_World_Congress_in_Paris_in_1959.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Marcel_Cuvelier_and_Ren%C3%A9_Nicoly_at_the_FIJM_World_Congress_in_Paris_in_1959.png/500px-Marcel_Cuvelier_and_Ren%C3%A9_Nicoly_at_the_FIJM_World_Congress_in_Paris_in_1959.png 2x" data-file-width="728" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption>Marcel Cuvelier and <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Nicoly" title="René Nicoly">René Nicoly</a> at the JMI World Congress in Paris in 1959.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1945_–_1960"><span id="1945_.E2.80.93_1960"></span>1945 – 1960</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 1945 – 1960"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marcel Cuvelier and <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Nicoly" title="René Nicoly">René Nicoly</a> joined forces on 17 July 1945. Their creating Jeunesses Musicales International in the post-war context was a daring movement, but they both had vision and determination. The <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Fine_Arts,_Brussels" title="Centre for Fine Arts, Brussels">Palace of Fine Arts in Brussels</a>, where Cuvelier first pondered upon this idea in 1928, would become the headquarters of the society. The French composer <a href="/wiki/Claude_Delvincourt" title="Claude Delvincourt">Claude Delvincourt</a> was the first international president of the society. Marcel Cuvelier was named Secretary-general, a status he would keep until his death, and Nicoly became treasurer in 1945. The first General Meeting took place on 16 and 17 May 1946 in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>. Then and there, the first statutes of the society were accepted. </p><p>Jeunesses Musicales International was a promising initiative from the very beginning, as it already attracted delegates from 7 countries. The first country to join was <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>, in 1947. In that year, the second General Assembly gathered observers from another six countries. The following years saw the entry of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> (1948), <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> (1949), Canada (as first non-European country, 1950), <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> (1951), Spain and <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> (1952), <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> and Brazil (1953), Great Britain, Italy and <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> (1954), <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> (1958) and Israel (1959).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_first_session_of_the_International_Orchestra_of_FIJM_conducted_by_Igor_Markevitch_during_the_World_Congress.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/The_first_session_of_the_International_Orchestra_of_FIJM_conducted_by_Igor_Markevitch_during_the_World_Congress.png/250px-The_first_session_of_the_International_Orchestra_of_FIJM_conducted_by_Igor_Markevitch_during_the_World_Congress.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/The_first_session_of_the_International_Orchestra_of_FIJM_conducted_by_Igor_Markevitch_during_the_World_Congress.png/375px-The_first_session_of_the_International_Orchestra_of_FIJM_conducted_by_Igor_Markevitch_during_the_World_Congress.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/The_first_session_of_the_International_Orchestra_of_FIJM_conducted_by_Igor_Markevitch_during_the_World_Congress.png/500px-The_first_session_of_the_International_Orchestra_of_FIJM_conducted_by_Igor_Markevitch_during_the_World_Congress.png 2x" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>The first session of the International Orchestra of JMI conducted by <a href="/wiki/Igor_Markevitch" title="Igor Markevitch">Igor Markevitch</a> during the World Congress in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, 1949.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the year 1957, it was decided to accept only politically independent countries – independence from the government and the participation of the young in committee were also demanded. Some organizations such as <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> or Brazil later disappeared. </p><p>In 1958 the age limit of the members was decided. Although there was no minimum age, the members could not surpass 30 years. In the same year, projects that aimed at the exchange of young people and artists were drawn up. Also, Sir Robert Mayer proposed the realization of an international youth orchestra. </p><p>The fourth Conference took place at <a href="/wiki/Scheveningen" title="Scheveningen">Scheveningen</a> in 1949. The International Orchestra played there for the first time under the direction of <a href="/wiki/Igor_Markevitch" title="Igor Markevitch">Igor Markevitch</a>. </p><p>Jeunesses Musicales International cooperated with <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> from its early years. 1949 marked the co-foundation of the <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Council" title="International Music Council">International Music Council</a> (IMC), that grew to become the most important coordinating music organization in the world. </p><p>The 1950 Conference marked the decision of one of the most important objectives of Jeunesses Musicales International: the society was meant not only to teach music but rather sensibilize the young towards it. The following year, a permanent judicial commission was formed and in 1952 the international emblem, a music note on a globe, was accepted. 1957 saw the organization of the transcontinental tours. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960_–_1974"><span id="1960_.E2.80.93_1974"></span>1960 – 1974</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 1960 – 1974"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Willems,_secretary-general_of_the_FIJM_between_1960_and_1974.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Paul_Willems%2C_secretary-general_of_the_FIJM_between_1960_and_1974.png/250px-Paul_Willems%2C_secretary-general_of_the_FIJM_between_1960_and_1974.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Paul_Willems%2C_secretary-general_of_the_FIJM_between_1960_and_1974.png/375px-Paul_Willems%2C_secretary-general_of_the_FIJM_between_1960_and_1974.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Paul_Willems%2C_secretary-general_of_the_FIJM_between_1960_and_1974.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="434" /></a><figcaption>Paul Willems, secretary-general of JMI between 1960 and 1974. (Photo taken during the National Congress of J.M. <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> in 1969).</figcaption></figure> <p>The 1960s were a period of many social, economic, technological and cultural changes. The JMI was already struck by the death of its founder, Marcel Couvelier, in 1959. The development of music was intertwined with the development of the media, which brought artists to the attention of the public more easily. In those times, the young were fascinated by the propagation of pop and rock music. </p><p>A change within the JMI would come along with Paul Willems, named secretary-general of the society in the interval 1960–1974. One of his main concerns was the growth of the organization. In those years <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> was admitted, followed by Eastern Bloc countries such as <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> or <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> in 1965 and 1966. </p><p>In its trying to overcome cultural barriers, the organization also admitted countries such as Japan, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> or <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. </p><p>The 1966 Conference was held in Paris, in the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> building, and tackled the subject of musical education. Then, a world day of Jeunesses Musicales International was declared and the <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Council" title="International Music Council">International Music Council</a> took over the idea and turned 1 October into the International Music Day. </p><p>1969 would become a meaningful year for the visibility of the organization. The initiative came from <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> and it involved the creation of a summer camp for young students in <a href="/wiki/Gro%C5%BEnjan" title="Grožnjan">Grožnjan</a>. After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the population of the Croatian city was drastically decreasing, but the year 1965 marked its renaissance, by painters and sculptors who came to help at its restoration. This Croatian city, with an Italian feel, was dominated by medieval architecture, vineyards and a bohemian atmosphere. Ever since, <a href="/wiki/Gro%C5%BEnjan" title="Grožnjan">Grožnjan</a> is known as <i>The City of Artists</i> and holds music courses from 15 June to 15 September: With the arrival of the Jeunesses Musicales in Grožnjan, renovation began of the houses rented by the organization, new life came to the town with the bustle of numerous participants, teachers and guests of the Centre, various events and entertainment activities were organized, word about Grožnjan spread far and wide.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jeunesses Musicales International established the Cuvelier-Nicoly Foundation in 1972. It had the goal to help young musicians or to finance new exciting projects. </p><p>The General Assembly, which took place in <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> in 1974, helped include "contemporary music" in the objectives of JMI. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Jeunesses_Musicales_World_Orchestra.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/The_Jeunesses_Musicales_World_Orchestra.png/250px-The_Jeunesses_Musicales_World_Orchestra.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/The_Jeunesses_Musicales_World_Orchestra.png/375px-The_Jeunesses_Musicales_World_Orchestra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/The_Jeunesses_Musicales_World_Orchestra.png/500px-The_Jeunesses_Musicales_World_Orchestra.png 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="406" /></a><figcaption>The Jeunesses Musicales World Orchestra (<a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> 1987. Photo: <a href="/wiki/Clive_Barda" title="Clive Barda">Clive Barda</a>).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1974_–_1990"><span id="1974_.E2.80.93_1990"></span>1974 – 1990</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 1974 – 1990"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the "golden sixties" were over and the overall economic status hindered the joining of new countries, 1975 celebrated the thirtieth birthday of JMI. Founders <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> and France organized the general assembly and conference that year. Held in Paris, it had the theme "music animation". </p><p>1977 marked the breaking of some cultural boundaries, with the conference being organized for the first time in the Far East – in <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>). Two years later, in 1979, the assembly would tackle the subject of pop music. </p><p>The following years marked the direct involvement in the conference organization of the Americas. Canada held in 1985 a conference dedicated to the "music of both the Americas" and two years later, the meeting would move South, at <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Argentina" title="Córdoba, Argentina">Cordoba</a> (<a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>). </p><p>The eighties saw the rising of the global character of JMI. This was due to the joining of Australia and New Zealand, which counted as the fifth continent in the organization. Also, contacts were made with several countries in Africa (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>). </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hadelin_Donnet_was_the_secretary_general_of_the_FIJM_from_1974_till_1984.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Hadelin_Donnet_was_the_secretary_general_of_the_FIJM_from_1974_till_1984.png/250px-Hadelin_Donnet_was_the_secretary_general_of_the_FIJM_from_1974_till_1984.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Hadelin_Donnet_was_the_secretary_general_of_the_FIJM_from_1974_till_1984.png 1.5x" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="502" /></a><figcaption>Hadelin Donnet was the secretary general of JMI from 1974 till 1984.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1985, the Jeunesses Musicales World Orchestra made a real trip around the world via Canada, Japan and <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>. Impressive was that in 1987, the World Orchestra performed <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Britten" title="Benjamin Britten">Britten</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/War_Requiem" title="War Requiem">War Requiem</a>" on both sides of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a>, along with a boy choir from the United States and the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Boys%27_Choir" title="Vienna Boys' Choir">Wiener Jeunesses Choir</a>. This was a symbolic moment, which came to emphasize that music has the real ability to break down walls and build significant socio-cultural connections instead. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990_–_1995"><span id="1990_.E2.80.93_1995"></span>1990 – 1995</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 1990 – 1995"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1990s were internationally marked by the fall of communism, a strong force in Western Europe. This crucial political evolution would also strike the Jeunesses Musicales. Then, former <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> split into independent states, which were immediately accepted as members. Because other countries came to join as well, on the eve of the fiftieth anniversary of the organization, a number of 50 member states was reached. </p><p>1991 saw the starting of the Ethno project, an initiative of JM Sweden. The project would run every summer in <a href="/wiki/Falun" title="Falun">Falun</a>. There, numerous folk singers would gather to share their music and life experiences with the youngsters of the organization. </p><p>One of the most important characteristics of the nineties was the pluralism of the genres. This was also reflected in the JMI's programs, as the organization had to move with the times. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_logo">The logo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: The logo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeunesses_Musicales_International_Logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Jeunesses_Musicales_International_Logo.png/200px-Jeunesses_Musicales_International_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Jeunesses_Musicales_International_Logo.png/300px-Jeunesses_Musicales_International_Logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Jeunesses_Musicales_International_Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="344" data-file-height="498" /></a><figcaption>The first logo of JMI. Year: 1952.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first international emblem of the JMI was determined in the year 1952. For this, the society organized a competition and the winner was Austria. Back then, the logo looked like a musical note on a globe. </p><p>The start of the nineties brought along another visual expression of JMI. The new emblem would better represent the dynamics of this worldwide music organization, built by and for youngsters – a red egg with a long, black stem. The sixteen note was being replaced by a more symbolic, bold and younger-looking emblem. </p><p>Although skeptical at first, representatives came to embrace the new and more vivid approach. The new design was meant to represent multiculturalism and they came to embrace the idea that music can break barriers to unite people. Cristoph Platen emphasizes on this idea of multiculturalism: "The choice of red and black indicates contrast, yet also represents a whole. The design has European, Mediterranean and even Far Eastern elements: the familiar and exotic blend into a colored and figurative New World Symphony, developing into a dialectic tension which carries into the shape, bringing to mind associations such as: Jeunesses Musicales thus stands for music and more; for encounters across political, ethnic, cultural and sexual divides; for a common challenging of frontiers: many voices crying más allá, right through to the United Sounds of JM, produced from the youthful spirit and capacity for enthusiasm about music."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The horizontal version of the logo, consisting of the red egg and black stem, was approved by the General Assembly in Milan, 2016. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_Programmes">International Programmes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: International Programmes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EnCore">EnCore</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: EnCore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EnCore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/EnCore.jpg/250px-EnCore.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/EnCore.jpg/375px-EnCore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/EnCore.jpg/500px-EnCore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>EnCore</figcaption></figure> <p>This program provides young musicians with professional musical opportunities. Worldwide musicians meet annually for 2–3 days to enable peer to peer teaching. The program ends with a concert. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethno">Ethno</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Ethno"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JMI_Ethno_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/JMI_Ethno_Project.jpg/250px-JMI_Ethno_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/JMI_Ethno_Project.jpg/375px-JMI_Ethno_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/JMI_Ethno_Project.jpg/500px-JMI_Ethno_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1275" /></a><figcaption>JMI Ethno Project</figcaption></figure> <p>This project was formed in 1990 for traditional/folk musicians aged 15–30. It includes a series of summer music camps held annually in <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, Sweden, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, France, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, Germany, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, India, Australia and <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>, and additionally some touring projects for smaller ensembles. Each Ethno draws participants from around the globe. </p><p>At Ethno, young folk musicians meet to teach each other, by ear, traditional folk songs from their cultures. Through a combination of workshops, jam sessions, seminars, and performances, musicians have the opportunity to learn a variety of musical styles. </p><p>Ethno has been recognised as good practice in non-formal education for young people by the 2008 Sunshine Report on Non-Formal Education by the <a href="/wiki/European_Youth_Forum" title="European Youth Forum">European Youth Forum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-European_Youth_Forum_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-European_Youth_Forum-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The program is managed by the JMI ETHNO Committee. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Euro-Arab_Youth_Music_Center">Euro-Arab Youth Music Center</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Euro-Arab Youth Music Center"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JMI_Euro-Arab_Youth_Music_Center_Project.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/JMI_Euro-Arab_Youth_Music_Center_Project.png/250px-JMI_Euro-Arab_Youth_Music_Center_Project.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/JMI_Euro-Arab_Youth_Music_Center_Project.png/375px-JMI_Euro-Arab_Youth_Music_Center_Project.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/JMI_Euro-Arab_Youth_Music_Center_Project.png/500px-JMI_Euro-Arab_Youth_Music_Center_Project.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="347" /></a><figcaption>JMI Euro-Arab Youth Music Center</figcaption></figure> <p>Based on the belief that access to music is a fundamental human right and a factor contributing to the sustainable development of young people and our communities, Jeunesses Musicales International (JMI), the Cultural Movement EPILOGI of Limassol and the Arab Academy of Music (League of Arab States) have undertaken a joint venture to establish a Euro-Arab Youth Music Centre, in <a href="/wiki/Limassol" title="Limassol">Limassol</a>, Cyprus. </p><p>The EAYMC is the result of cooperation between the above-mentioned partners, that started in 2005 with ETHNO Cyprus, a youth music camp bringing together young traditional/folk musicians from the two regions. </p><p>The project continued with Ethno Cyprus in 2006 and 2008 (funded by Youth EuroMed and Cyprus Ministry of Education and Culture); Cyprus in Action in 2010 that brought together not only young musicians but also young cultural operators (funded by the <a href="/wiki/European_Cultural_Foundation" title="European Cultural Foundation">European Cultural Foundation</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and finally, the Euro-Mediterranean Youth Music Dialogues from 2011 to 2012 (funded by the EU "Culture 2007–2013" Programme). </p><p>During the last project, the partners have organised the Euro-Arab Youth Music Forum in <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>, Capacity Building Training Courses in <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> and the Euro-Med Youth Choral Fair: Choral Crossroads 2011 in <a href="/wiki/Limassol" title="Limassol">Limassol</a> with a total of over 500 participants and attendance of over 5000 people, mostly young audiences. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fair_Play">Fair Play</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Fair Play"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JMI_Fair_Play_Project.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/JMI_Fair_Play_Project.png/250px-JMI_Fair_Play_Project.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/JMI_Fair_Play_Project.png/375px-JMI_Fair_Play_Project.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/JMI_Fair_Play_Project.png/500px-JMI_Fair_Play_Project.png 2x" data-file-width="1166" data-file-height="654" /></a><figcaption>Fair Play Project</figcaption></figure> <p>Anti Corruption Youth Voices is a global competition for original songs by young musicians under the age of 35 on the theme of anti-corruption and good governance. The competition is a 2010 initiative of the Global Anti-Corruption Youth Network, a worldwide network of civil society organisations with the specific agenda of fighting corruption. </p><p>Fair Play is an awareness-raising program and network building effort to connect socially conscious artists and citizens worldwide. </p><p>The Project won the 2012 European Youth Award and the World Summit Youth Award for outstanding digital content for social good in the "Create your culture!" Category.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Organised in partnership with the JMI Foundation, the Global Youth Anti-Corruption Network, the World Bank Institute and Transparency International. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imagine_Music_Experience">Imagine Music Experience</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Imagine Music Experience"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JMI_Imagine_Experience_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/JMI_Imagine_Experience_Project.jpg/250px-JMI_Imagine_Experience_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/JMI_Imagine_Experience_Project.jpg/375px-JMI_Imagine_Experience_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/JMI_Imagine_Experience_Project.jpg/500px-JMI_Imagine_Experience_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1034" /></a><figcaption>Imagine Experience</figcaption></figure> <p>The Imagine Music Experience is an all-styles music competition for young artists. All events have an educational/social dimension including training, workshops and master-classes from industry professionals. </p><p>Competitions are held annually on a national scale in <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, France, <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, Sweden and <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> and culminate each year with the Imagine Experience and the International Imagine Final. </p><p>New entries as of 2015 include Spain, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, Brazil, Australia and the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>. </p><p>Past international winners include: 2013: Were (<a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>), 2012: Gustaf (Sweden), 2011: Algot (Sweden). </p><p>Supported by the CULTURE Programme of the EU. The programme is managed by the JMI IMAGINE Committee. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="JM_Jazz_World">JM Jazz World</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: JM Jazz World"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JM_Jazz_World_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/JM_Jazz_World_Project.jpg/200px-JM_Jazz_World_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/JM_Jazz_World_Project.jpg/300px-JM_Jazz_World_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/JM_Jazz_World_Project.jpg/400px-JM_Jazz_World_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>JM Jazz World</figcaption></figure> <p>The JM Jazz program caters for the promotion of international summer jazz camps, international projects, jazz ensembles tours and international exchanges of jazz musicians between the JMI countries. </p><p>Its main objective is to provide young jazz musicians with the possibility to gain experience working to high professional standards in major concert halls, theatres and festivals, and with outstanding jazz musicians, sharing musical ideas in the field of jazz music. Its flagship program is the JM JAZZ World, an international ensemble of selected young jazz musicians. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="JMI_Global">JMI Global</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: JMI Global"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is an annual event that brings together member organizations through a conference and General Assembly. The event is held each year in a different country. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_against_Child_Labour">Music against Child Labour</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Music against Child Labour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JMI_Music_against_Child_Labour_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/JMI_Music_against_Child_Labour_Project.jpg/200px-JMI_Music_against_Child_Labour_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/JMI_Music_against_Child_Labour_Project.jpg/300px-JMI_Music_against_Child_Labour_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/JMI_Music_against_Child_Labour_Project.jpg/400px-JMI_Music_against_Child_Labour_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Music against Child Labour</figcaption></figure> <p>The program was launched in 2013. The global initiative links the <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a> (ILO)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) with conductors, musicians, musicians' organisations and music education bodies. </p><p>The following founders support this initiative: <a href="/wiki/Claudio_Abbado" title="Claudio Abbado">Claudio Abbado</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Abreu" title="José Antonio Abreu">José-Antonio Abreu</a>; Alessio Allegrini, Founder, Musicians for Human Rights;<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Barenboim" title="Daniel Barenboim">Daniel Barenboim</a>; Pilar Jurado; Benoît Machuel, General Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Musicians" title="International Federation of Musicians">International Federation of Musicians</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diego Matheuz; <a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Mederos" title="Rodolfo Mederos">Rodolfo Mederos</a>; Eduardo Mendez, Executive Director of the Simon Bolivar Music Foundation <a href="/wiki/El_Sistema" title="El Sistema">El Sistema</a>; Antonio Mosca, Director of the Suzuki Orchestra, Turin; Guy Ryder, Director-General, ILO; and Blasko Smilevski, General Secretary of Jeunesses Musicales International. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_Crossroads">Music Crossroads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Music Crossroads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JMI_Music_Crossroads_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/JMI_Music_Crossroads_Project.jpg/200px-JMI_Music_Crossroads_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/JMI_Music_Crossroads_Project.jpg/300px-JMI_Music_Crossroads_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/JMI_Music_Crossroads_Project.jpg/400px-JMI_Music_Crossroads_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1275" /></a><figcaption>Music Crossroads</figcaption></figure> <p>This non-profit organization was initiated in 1995 by Jeunesses Musicales International (JMI) organizing annual festivals, international band tours, and training many young talents in <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>, with established independent Music Crossroads entities. </p><p>The project is supported by the Norwegian Foreign Affairs Ministry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_Meeting_Centres">World Meeting Centres</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: World Meeting Centres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>JMI proudly recognises two international art centres – The International Cultural Centre of Jeunesses Musicales Croatia in <a href="/wiki/Gro%C5%BEnjan" title="Grožnjan">Grožnjan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>) and the Musikakademie <a href="/wiki/Weikersheim_Palace" title="Weikersheim Palace">Schloss Weikersheim</a> (Germany). </p><p>These cultural centres, established by JM Croatia<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and JM Germany<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are open to young people from all over the world. They provide a unique musical environment for development, education, and exchange of ideas and offer various musical and artistic workshops and seminars with lecturers and professors. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JMI_World_Youth_Choir.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/JMI_World_Youth_Choir.jpg/250px-JMI_World_Youth_Choir.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/JMI_World_Youth_Choir.jpg/375px-JMI_World_Youth_Choir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/JMI_World_Youth_Choir.jpg/500px-JMI_World_Youth_Choir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="813" /></a><figcaption>World Youth Choir</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_Youth_Choir_(WYC)"><span id="World_Youth_Choir_.28WYC.29"></span>World Youth Choir (WYC)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: World Youth Choir (WYC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Started in 1989, it is made of up to 100 young singers between the ages of 17 and 26. Managed by the Foundation World Youth Choir (<a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>), it was founded by three patron organisations: International Federation for Choral Music,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jeunesses Musicales International and the European Choral Association – Europa Cantat.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yo!Fest_Emerging_Bands_Contest"><span id="Yo.21Fest_Emerging_Bands_Contest"></span>Yo!Fest Emerging Bands Contest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Yo!Fest Emerging Bands Contest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JMI_YO!Fest_Emerging_Bands_Contest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/JMI_YO%21Fest_Emerging_Bands_Contest.jpg/250px-JMI_YO%21Fest_Emerging_Bands_Contest.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/JMI_YO%21Fest_Emerging_Bands_Contest.jpg/375px-JMI_YO%21Fest_Emerging_Bands_Contest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/JMI_YO%21Fest_Emerging_Bands_Contest.jpg/500px-JMI_YO%21Fest_Emerging_Bands_Contest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="711" /></a><figcaption>Yo!Fest Emerging Bands Contest</figcaption></figure> <p>This is an annual political youth-led festival organised by the European Youth Forum.<sup id="cite_ref-European_Youth_Forum_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-European_Youth_Forum-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jeunesses Musicales cooperates with the EYF to organise the successful Emerging Bands Contest that is an essential part of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yo!Fest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yo!Fest (page does not exist)">Yo!Fest</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Young_Audiences_Music_(YAM)"><span id="Young_Audiences_Music_.28YAM.29"></span>Young Audiences Music (YAM)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Young Audiences Music (YAM)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JMI_Young_Audiences_Music_(YAM).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/JMI_Young_Audiences_Music_%28YAM%29.png/250px-JMI_Young_Audiences_Music_%28YAM%29.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/JMI_Young_Audiences_Music_%28YAM%29.png/375px-JMI_Young_Audiences_Music_%28YAM%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/JMI_Young_Audiences_Music_%28YAM%29.png/500px-JMI_Young_Audiences_Music_%28YAM%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1423" data-file-height="636" /></a><figcaption>Young Audiences Music (YAM)</figcaption></figure> <p>This is an international platform for everyone working to bring live music to children and youth. </p><p>The program includes YAMsession,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an international conference and showcase; the YAMawards,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> identifying and supporting cutting-edge live musical productions from all over the world that impact young people, both artistically and socially. </p><p>YAMspace is an online platform that provides industry professionals with an environment to share, discuss and access information that will enable them to better their work. YAM makes up over 40% of JMI's activities with 14,000 concerts annually across the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="BLACKBOARD_Music_Project">BLACKBOARD Music Project</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: BLACKBOARD Music Project"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Being one of the most popular activities within YAM, the main aim of the Blackboard Music Project (BbMP) is to increase the quantity as well as the quality of concerts for Young Audiences (YA, primarily school children) in the participating countries as well as improve the possibilities for the exchange of concerts between the European countries/regions. </p><p>The program is a partnership of JMI members and young audience producers from <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, France, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> and Sweden, co-managed by the JMI Young Audiences Committee and co-funded by the EU CREATIVE EUROPE Program. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="National_Member_Sections">National Member Sections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: National Member Sections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>State </th></tr> <tr> <td>1945 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1945 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1947 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1949 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1949 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1949 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>  </span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1950 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1951 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1952 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1954 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1957 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1962 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1962 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">FYR Macedonia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1962 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1965 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1968 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_Zaire_%281971%E2%80%931997%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zaire_%281971%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_Zaire_%281971%E2%80%931997%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zaire_%281971%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_Zaire_%281971%E2%80%931997%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Zaire_%281971%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Zaire" title="Zaire">Zaire</a> (Democratic Republic of Congo) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1993 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/46px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Board">The Board</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: The Board"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidents">Presidents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Years </th> <th>Name </th> <th>State </th></tr> <tr> <td>1945–1947 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Claude_Delvincourt" title="Claude Delvincourt">Claude Delvincourt</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1947–1948 </td> <td>René-Louis Peulvey </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxemburg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1948–1949 </td> <td>Sem Dresden </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1949 </td> <td>Robert Hendricks </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1949–1950 </td> <td>Egon Seefehler </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1950–1951 </td> <td>Elisa de Sousa Pedroso </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1951–1954 </td> <td>René Dovaz </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>  </span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1954–1956 </td> <td>Gilles Lefebvre </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1956–1957 </td> <td>Joachim Lieben </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1957–1958 </td> <td>Marcel Cuvelier </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1958–1959 </td> <td>René Nicoly </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1959–1960 </td> <td>Fritz Büchtger </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1960–1961 </td> <td>Luigi La Pegna </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1961–1962 </td> <td>Ilidio de Paiva </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1962–1963 </td> <td>Narciso Bonet </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1963–1964 </td> <td>Lucien Thole </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1964–1965 </td> <td>Rudolf Gamsjaeger </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1965–1966 </td> <td>René Nicoly </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1966–1967 </td> <td>Gilles Lefebvre </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1967–1968 </td> <td>Joao de Freitas Branco </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1968–1969 </td> <td>Magda Szavai </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1969–1974 </td> <td>Gilles Lefebvre </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1974–1980 </td> <td>Kjeld Hansen </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980–1983 </td> <td>Jean-Claude Picard </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1983–1992 </td> <td>Jordi Roch </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992–1995 </td> <td>Elef Nesheim </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995–1996 </td> <td>Claude Micheroux </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996–1998 </td> <td>Meir Wiesel </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998–2006 </td> <td>Pierre Goulet </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006–2008 </td> <td>Blasko Smilevski </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">FYR Macedonia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008–2014 </td> <td>Per Ekedahl </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014– </td> <td>Jessie Westenholz </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secretaries-general">Secretaries-general</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Secretaries-general"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Years </th> <th>Name </th> <th>State </th></tr> <tr> <td>1945–1959 </td> <td>Marcel Cuvelier </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1959–1960 </td> <td>Jacques Lonchampt </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1960–1974 </td> <td>Paul Willems </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1974–1984 </td> <td>Hadelin Donnet </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1984–1993 </td> <td>Alexander Schischlik </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1993–1994 </td> <td>Emile Subirana </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994–2008 </td> <td>Dag Franzen </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008 – </td> <td>Blasko Smilevski </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Treasurers">Treasurers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Treasurers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Years </th> <th>Name </th> <th>State </th></tr> <tr> <td>1945–1951 </td> <td>René NICOLY </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1951–1955 </td> <td>René-Louis PEULVEY </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxemburg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1955–1956 </td> <td>Marcel CUVELIER </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1956–1966 </td> <td>Pierre PILLET </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>  </span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1966–1978 </td> <td>Dr. Franz ECKERT </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1978–1982 </td> <td>Theodoor KERSTEN </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1982–1986 </td> <td>Kirsten HANSEN </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986–1987 </td> <td>Robert BERTHIER </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987–1990 </td> <td>Julian AUTREY </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990–1996 </td> <td>Pierre GOULET </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996–1999 </td> <td>Robert PRINS </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999–2002 </td> <td>Martin MARTINSSON </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002–2008 </td> <td>Eric ANDERSSEN </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008–2010 </td> <td>Pierre VANSTEENKISTE </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010– </td> <td>Rob van WAAIJEN </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Official_relations_and_affiliations">Official relations and affiliations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Official relations and affiliations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">United Nations Economic and Social Council</a> (ECOSOC) (Ros C)</li> <li>United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (<a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Music_Council" title="International Music Council">International Music Council</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>European Youth Forum<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Culture Action Europe<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeunesses_Musicales_Czech_Republic" title="Jeunesses Musicales Czech Republic">Jeunesses Musicales Czech Republic</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_Musicales_International&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Soyeur (coordinator). <i>Un Amour de "Jeunesses". 75 Ans des Jeunesses Musicales</i>, p.11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Federation Internationale des Jeunesses Musicales 1945 – 1995. <i>The First 50 Years.</i> Published by F.I.J.M., 10, rue Royale – B – 1000 Brussels Belgium, p. 13-14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Federation Internationale des Jeunesses Musicales 1945 – 1995. <i>The First 50 Years.</i> Published by F.I.J.M., 10, rue Royale – B – 1000 Brussels Belgium, p. 129</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Federation Internationale des Jeunesses Musicales 1945 – 1995. <i>The First 50 Years.</i> Published by F.I.J.M., 10, rue Royale – B – 1000 Brussels Belgium, p. 19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pintar, Marijana. <i>The International Cultural Centre of the Jeunesses Musicales Croatia in Grožnjan 1969 – 2009.</i> Jeunesses Musicales Croatia Publisher, p. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Federation Internationale des Jeunesses Musicales 1945 – 1995. The First 50 Years. Published by F.I.J.M., 10, rue Royale – B – 1000 Brussels Belgium, p.68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-European_Youth_Forum-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-European_Youth_Forum_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-European_Youth_Forum_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180627141943/https://www.youthforum.org/node">"European Youth Forum"</a>. <i>European Youth Forum</i>. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MUSICIANS+FOR+HUMAN+RIGHTS&rft.atitle=MUSICIANS+FOR+HUMAN+RIGHTS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musiciansforhumanrights.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeunesses+Musicales+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fim-musicians.org/">"FIM"</a>. <i>FIM</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FIM&rft.atitle=FIM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fim-musicians.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeunesses+Musicales+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hgm.hr/">"HGM :: HOME"</a>. <i>www.hgm.hr</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.hgm.hr&rft.atitle=HGM+%3A%3A+HOME&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hgm.hr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeunesses+Musicales+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jmd.info/jmd/startseite/">"Startseite: Jeunesses Musicales Deutschland"</a>. <i>www.jmd.info</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jmd.info&rft.atitle=Startseite%3A+Jeunesses+Musicales+Deutschland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jmd.info%2Fjmd%2Fstartseite%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeunesses+Musicales+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifcm.net/">"IFCM – International Federation for Choral Music"</a>. <i>ifcm.net</i>.</cite><span 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Music+Council&rft.atitle=International+Music+Organisations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imc-cim.org%2Fmembers%2Fmembership-directory%2F139-members%2F34-international-music-organisations.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeunesses+Musicales+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180627141943/https://www.youthforum.org/node">"European Youth Forum"</a>. <i>European Youth Forum</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1O76-JeunessesMusicales.html">the original</a> on 16 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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