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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Persecution_and_rehabilitation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Persecution and rehabilitation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Persecution_and_rehabilitation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Regency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conflict_with_the_Kangxi_Emperor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conflict_with_the_Kangxi_Emperor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Conflict with the Kangxi Emperor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conflict_with_the_Kangxi_Emperor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Oboi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oboi" title="Oboi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Oboi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EC%99%88%EA%B8%B0%EC%95%BC_%EC%98%A4%EB%B3%B4%EC%9D%B4" title="구왈기야 오보이 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="구왈기야 오보이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aobai" title="Aobai – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aobai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Обой – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Обой" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%9C%E3%82%A4" title="オボイ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オボイ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oboi" title="Oboi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Oboi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Обой – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Обой" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oboi" title="Oboi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Oboi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%89" title="เอ๋าไป้ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอ๋าไป้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngao_B%C3%A1i" title="Ngao Bái – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngao Bái" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B0%B2%E6%8B%9C" title="鰲拜 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鰲拜" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B3%8C%E6%8B%9C" title="鳌拜 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="鳌拜" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B0%B2%E6%8B%9C" title="鰲拜 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鰲拜" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B3%8C%E6%8B%9C" title="鳌拜 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鳌拜" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1194024#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Oboi" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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</div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Oboi&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oboi&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Manchu military commander</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Oboi" title="Special:EditPage/Oboi">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Oboi%22">"Oboi"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Oboi%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Oboi%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Oboi%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Oboi%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Oboi%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Manchu_name" title="Manchu name">Manchu name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Given_name" title="Given name">given name</a> is <i> Oboi</i>. In accordance with Manchu custom, it should be used alone or with titles but not with the <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">clan name</a> <i> <a href="/wiki/G%C5%ABwalgiya" title="Gūwalgiya">Gūwalgiya</a></i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Oboi</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Oboi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Portrait_of_Oboi.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Oboi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Portrait_of_Oboi.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_Oboi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Portrait_of_Oboi.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_Oboi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2679" data-file-height="4164" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Portrait of Oboi</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Regent of the Qing dynasty</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1661–1669<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving with <a href="/wiki/Sonin_(regent)" title="Sonin (regent)">Sonin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ebilun" title="Ebilun">Ebilun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suksaha" title="Suksaha">Suksaha</a></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kangxi_Emperor" title="Kangxi Emperor">Kangxi Emperor</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">c. 1610</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1669 (aged 58–59)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent</th><td class="infobox-data">Uici (father)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fiongdon" title="Fiongdon">Fiongdon</a> (uncle)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cabinet</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Four_Regents_of_the_Kangxi_Emperor" title="Four Regents of the Kangxi Emperor">Four Regents of the Kangxi Emperor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Manchu_name" title="Manchu name">Clan name</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/G%C5%ABwalgiya" title="Gūwalgiya">Gūwalgiya</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">Posthumous name</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Chaowu (超武)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bordered_Yellow_Banner" title="Bordered Yellow Banner">Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1637-1646</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data">Defeated <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Xianzhong" title="Zhang Xianzhong">Zhang Xianzhong</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Oboi</b> (<a href="/wiki/Manchu_language" title="Manchu language">Manchu</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237794275">.mw-parser-output .font-mong{font-family:"Menk Hawang Tig","Menk Qagan Tig","Menk Garqag Tig","Menk Har_a Tig","Menk Scnin Tig","Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig","Oyun Qagan Tig","Oyun Garqag Tig","Oyun Har_a Tig","Oyun Scnin Tig","Oyun Agula Tig","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White","Mongol Usug","Mongolian White","MongolianScript","Code2000","Menksoft Qagan"}.mw-parser-output .font-mong-mnc,.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(mnc-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(dta-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(sjo-Mong){font-family:"Abkai Xanyan","Abkai Xanyan LA","Abkai Xanyan VT","Abkai Xanyan XX","Abkai Xanyan SC","Abkai Buleku","Daicing White","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White"}</style><span class="font-mong-mnc" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.25em; font-family:'Mongolian Baiti', 'Mongol Universal White', 'Noto Sans Mongolian', 'Abkai Xanyan', 'Abkai Xanyan LA', 'Abkai Xanyan VT', 'Abkai Xanyan XX', 'Abkai Xanyan SC', 'Abkai Buleku', 'Daicing White', 'Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig', 'Oyun Qagan Tig', 'Oyun Garqag Tig', 'Oyun Har_a Tig', 'Oyun Scnin Tig', 'Mongolian BT'; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠣᠪᠣᡳ</span>, <a href="/wiki/Transliterations_of_Manchu" title="Transliterations of Manchu">Mölendorff</a>: Oboi; <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">鳌拜</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">鰲拜</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Áobài</span></i>) (c. 1610<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–1669) was a prominent <a href="/wiki/Manchu_people" title="Manchu people">Manchu</a> military commander and courtier who served in various military and administrative posts under three successive emperors of the early <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>. Born to the <a href="/wiki/Guwalgiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Guwalgiya">Guwalgiya</a> clan, Oboi was one of <a href="/wiki/Four_Regents_of_the_Kangxi_Emperor" title="Four Regents of the Kangxi Emperor">four regents</a> nominated by the <a href="/wiki/Shunzhi_Emperor" title="Shunzhi Emperor">Shunzhi Emperor</a> to oversee the government during the minority of the <a href="/wiki/Kangxi_Emperor" title="Kangxi Emperor">Kangxi Emperor</a>. Oboi reversed the benevolent policies of the Shunzhi Emperor, and vigorously pushed for clear reassertion of Manchu power over the Han Chinese. Eventually deposed and imprisoned by the new emperor for having amassed too much power, he was posthumously rehabilitated. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_military_career">Early life and military career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oboi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and military career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oboi was born to the Manchu <a href="/wiki/G%C5%ABwalgiya" title="Gūwalgiya">Gūwalgiya</a> clan, which had been distinguishing itself militarily since Oboi's grandfather Solgo submitted to <a href="/wiki/Nurhaci" title="Nurhaci">Nurhaci</a> (1559–1626) in 1588.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOxnam197517_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxnam197517-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1943[httpwwwdartmouthedu~qingWEBOBOIhtml_599]_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1943[httpwwwdartmouthedu~qingWEBOBOIhtml_599]-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the Manchu <a href="/wiki/Eight_Banners" title="Eight Banners">Banner</a> organization created by Nurhaci, Oboi's branch of the family was registered under the <a href="/wiki/Bordered_Yellow_Banner" title="Bordered Yellow Banner">Bordered Yellow Banner</a> which came under the command of Nurhaci's son <a href="/wiki/Hong_Taiji" title="Hong Taiji">Hong Taiji</a> (1592–1643). Oboi's father Uici (<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E9%BD%8A" class="extiw" title="zh:衛齊">衛齊</a>) (d. 1634) was a senior military officer who was once garrison commander of the Manchu capital city <a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Mukden</a> while his paternal uncle <a href="/wiki/Fiongdon" title="Fiongdon">Fiongdon</a> was one of Nurhaci's most trusted generals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOxnam197517_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxnam197517-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Oboi's childhood and early years are relatively obscure. Being his father's third son, he was not destined to inherit the family's hereditary position in the Banner hierarchy. Oboi was first mentioned in official Qing history in the <i>Veritable Records of Qing Taizong [Hong Taiji]</i> (清太宗實錄) in 1632, documenting his triumphant return from a minor raid into <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a> territories in which he was allowed to keep his spoils as reward. </p><p>Oboi officially started his military career in 1634 during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Hong_Taiji" title="Hong Taiji">Hong Taiji</a> as a junior officer in the Banner's cavalry guard unit<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which capacity he distinguished himself many times in battle against Ming forces and was renowned for his personal bravery. For this, he was granted a hereditary commission as captain of a company (<i>niru i janggin</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1943599_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1943599-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1633 and 1634 he took part in campaigns against the <a href="/wiki/Chahars" title="Chahars">Chahar Mongols</a>, whose leader <a href="/wiki/Ligdan_Khan" title="Ligdan Khan">Ligdan Khan</a> submitted to the Manchus in 1635.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOxnam197527_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxnam197527-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1637 during the Manchu's <a href="/wiki/Second_Manchu_invasion_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Manchu invasion of Korea">second campaign against Korea</a>, Oboi volunteered and succeeded in capturing the small but strategically important <a href="/wiki/Ka_Island" title="Ka Island">Ka Island</a> (then known as "Pidao" in Chinese) south of the <a href="/wiki/Yalu_River" title="Yalu River">Yalu River</a>, from which the Ming army had led operations against the <a href="/wiki/Liaodong_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Liaodong peninsula">Liaodong peninsula</a>, the main focus of armed conflict between the Manchus and the Ming.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOxnam197527_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxnam197527-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a difficult amphibious landing followed by desperate hand-to-hand combat the defending Ming garrison was annihilated. For this achievement he was promoted to the rank of a hereditary colonel third-class and bestowed the rare honorific title of "<a href="/wiki/Baturu" title="Baturu">Baturu</a>" (巴圖魯), which means "(brave) warrior" in Manchu.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1641, Oboi again distinguished himself in battle scoring five victories in as many encounters in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Songjin" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Songjin">the consecutive sieges of Jinzhou and Songshan</a>, two of the last Ming strongholds in Liaodong.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOxnam197527–28_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxnam197527–28-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was promoted to full colonel and given command of the <i>Bayarai</i> guards of the Bordered Yellow Banner. </p><p>After the death of Hong Taiji in 1643, Oboi supported the late ruler's eldest son Hooge over Dorgon during the ensuing succession crisis. Despite Hooge's faction losing out to Dorgon's proposed compromised candidate, Hong Taiji's youngest son <a href="/wiki/Shunzhi_Emperor" title="Shunzhi Emperor">Fulin</a>, Oboi continued to participate in military campaigns through the Qing dynasty's successful invasion of China in 1644. His rise in the Bordered Yellow Banner hierarchy continued apace with the <a href="/wiki/Qing_conquest_of_the_Ming" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing conquest of the Ming">Qing conquest of the Ming</a>. In 1645 he was promoted to the rank of general. From 1644 to 1648 Oboi was part of the armies that fought bandit and self declared emperor <a href="/wiki/Li_Zicheng" title="Li Zicheng">Li Zicheng</a> (nemesis of the last Ming emperor), bandit king <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Xianzhong" title="Zhang Xianzhong">Zhang Xianzhong</a>, and the remnants of Zhang's armies after Zhang was killed in 1647.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOxnam197546_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxnam197546-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Draft_History_of_Qing" title="Draft History of Qing">Draft History of Qing</a> claims that in early 1647 during the campaign to pacify <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>, Oboi was responsible for slaying Zhang in battle.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However other Qing records show an entirely different account, one where one of Zhang's commanders, Liu Jinzhong defected to the Qing after fearing being the next victim of Zhang's ongoing purge and execution of his own commanders and soldiers, leading the Qing soldiers and Haoge directly to Zhang Xianzhong's camp where Zhang was alerted to their presence and decided to confront them with only 8 to 10 men. Zhang was shot and killed by an anonymous archer from the Qing army after Liu identified Zhang to the Qing troops.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oboi is nowhere mentioned in this other account as being responsible for Zhang Xianzhong's death nor was Zhang beheaded in this account. </p><p>In 1648, when <a href="/wiki/Hooge_(prince)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hooge (prince)">Hooge</a> was imprisoned and convicted by Dorgon, Oboi was sentenced to death, but his sentence was commuted to loss of rank.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOxnam197545_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxnam197545-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite his demotion, in 1648 and 1649 he took part in a campaign to extirpate Ming turncoat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiang_Xiang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiang Xiang (page does not exist)">Jiang Xiang</a> (<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A7%9C%E7%93%96" class="extiw" title="zh:姜瓖">姜瓖</a>; d. 1649)––who had now turned against the Qing––from his base in <a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>, north China).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOxnam197546_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxnam197546-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Persecution_and_rehabilitation">Persecution and rehabilitation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oboi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Persecution and rehabilitation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a member of the Bordered Yellow Banner, Oboi's loyalty to his Banner master was crucial to his rapid advancement during the years when <a href="/wiki/Hong_Taiji" title="Hong Taiji">Hong Taiji</a> commanded the Banner. However, after Hong Taiji's death, Oboi's loyalty to his new Banner master <a href="/wiki/Hooge_(prince)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hooge (prince)">Hooge</a> became a political liability. When <a href="/wiki/Dorgon" title="Dorgon">Dorgon</a> who commanded the White and Bordered White Banners became regent to the young <a href="/wiki/Shunzhi_Emperor" title="Shunzhi Emperor">Shunzhi Emperor</a>, he sought to weaken the influence of the other Banners at court by purging the ranks of their senior commanders. Just as Hooge was arrested and eventually died in prison, in 1648 Oboi was stripped of his rank and titles under a charge of claiming false victories in battle. Later he was found guilty of a more serious crime of conspiracy to elect Hooge as emperor during the succession dispute after Hong Taiji's death. This later charge carried with it the death penalty, however the sentence was commuted while he continued to command troops against <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a> loyalists. The charges against Oboi were most likely politically motivated and were rehabilitated in 1651 after Dorgon's death. Oboi for his unswerving loyalty to his Banner and services to the Qing government was appointed a cabinet minister by Shunzhi Emperor, who also bestowed on him the title of Marquis of the First Rank. </p><p>The extent of the Shunzhi Emperor's trust in Oboi's loyalty can be gauged by the honours the emperor showered on him. In 1652 after Shunzhi successfully purged the court of the more powerful elements in Dorgon's faction, Oboi was elevated to a hereditary Duke of the Second Rank and more importantly appointed the commander of the imperial bodyguard (領侍衛內大臣), a job which doubled as the <i>de facto</i> police chief in the capital. In this capacity Oboi acted as Shunzhi's much feared enforcer against Dorgon's old cohorts and helped to consolidate power to the throne and the Emperor's own "Upper Three Banners". During the period of Shunzhi's personal rule, Oboi was responsible for the arrest and execution of a number of noblemen found guilty of one crime or another. Although there is no doubt that these executions were carried out with the approval of Shunzhi, it is not surprising that after the emperor's death, Oboi, given his ruthless character and position in court, when left uncontrolled by a higher authority would eventually come to dominate court politics creating a deep state centered on himself. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regency">Regency</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oboi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Regency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Shunzhi_Emperor" title="Shunzhi Emperor">Shunzhi Emperor</a> died from <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a> on February 5, 1661, at the age of 24. On his deathbed he appointed four "Executive Ministers" (輔政大臣) commonly referred to as regents<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to "assist" his eight-year-old son <a href="/wiki/Kangxi_Emperor" title="Kangxi Emperor">Xuanye</a> to govern the country until the young emperor reached the age of maturity at 16. The four ministers in their order of seniority<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were <a href="/wiki/He%C5%A1eri_Sonin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hešeri Sonin">Sonin</a> of the Yellow Banner, who apart from being chief minister of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Household_Department" title="Imperial Household Department">Imperial Household Department</a> (內務府大臣) was also nominated by <a href="/wiki/Empress_Xiaozhuangwen" title="Empress Xiaozhuangwen">Empress Dowager Zhaosheng</a> to head the regency. The second minister on the list was <a href="/wiki/Suksaha" title="Suksaha">Suksaha</a> of the <a href="/wiki/White_Banner" class="mw-redirect" title="White Banner">White Banner</a>. Originally a trusted deputy of <a href="/wiki/Dorgon" title="Dorgon">Dorgon</a>, Suksaha was politically astute enough to switch sides immediately after the former regent's death when the court was still dominated by Dorgon's associates. By the time of the Shunzhi Emperor's death he was one of the emperor's most trusted courtiers. Then came <a href="/wiki/Ebilun" title="Ebilun">Ebilun</a> and Oboi, both members of the <a href="/wiki/Bordered_Yellow_Banner" title="Bordered Yellow Banner">Bordered Yellow Banner</a>. The Shunzhi Emperor's succession plan set a precedent for the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> of nominating courtiers who owed their loyalty to the crown to "assist" a young emperor during the years of minority in running the state. This reflected the lesson learned from Dorgon's regency, when the regent grew almost too powerful for the emperor to control. Unfortunately, this system of appointing ministers to oversee the government during an emperor's minority proved not to be a very stable political device after all.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three of the four ministers, Sonin, <a href="/wiki/Ebilun" title="Ebilun">Ebilun</a> and Oboi were members of the "Two Yellow Banners" (<i>i.e.</i> Yellow Banner and Bordered Yellow Banner) previously under the command of the Shunzhi Emperor's elder brother <a href="/wiki/Hooge_(prince)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hooge (prince)">Hooge</a>. Because of the personal and political rivalries between Hooge and <a href="/wiki/Dorgon" title="Dorgon">Dorgon</a>, all three men were persecuted at one time or another during Dorgon's regency for their Banner affiliation. However their loyalty thus proven was also key to their rapid advancement after Dorgon's death. It was a major factor in Shunzhi's choice of personnel to oversee his son's regency. However Shunzhi's arrangement heightened the already sensitive relationship between the three members of the Yellow Banners and <a href="/wiki/Suksaha" title="Suksaha">Suksaha</a> who belonged to the White Banner. Suksaha was a much despised figure at this point not only because he was a member of the White Banner in an imperial court dominated by the two Yellow Banners, but also because he gained the Shunzhi Emperor's trust by denouncing his former master Dorgon, an action seen by his colleagues including members of the White Banner as disloyal. </p><p>In the first years of the regency, the tension between the Yellow Banners faction and <a href="/wiki/Suksaha" title="Suksaha">Suksaha</a> was kept in check by the even handed Sonin and thus the four ministers maintained a relatively peaceful and efficient working relationship. But the dynamics of the regency began to change as Sonin's health deteriorated due to old age. As Sonin gradually took more time off, Oboi monopolized decision making by dominating the indecisive <a href="/wiki/Ebilun" title="Ebilun">Ebilun</a> and worked to sideline Suksaha during policy discussions especially on issues concerning welfare of the Manchu <a href="/wiki/Eight_Banners" title="Eight Banners">Eight Banners</a>. By 1667 when Sonin realized he did not have long to live, he tried a last-ditch effort to restore balance to the regency and neutralize Oboi's rapidly expanding power clique by petitioning the then 14-year-old <a href="/wiki/Kangxi_Emperor" title="Kangxi Emperor">Kangxi Emperor</a> to assume personal rule ahead of schedule. Thus Kangxi formerly took over the reins of power in an ascension ceremony on August 25, 1667, a month after Sonin's death. This was followed by an official decree technically downgrading the three remaining ministers to the status of "advisers" (佐政大臣) while still remaining at their posts. However even with the formal authority of office, the young Kangxi Emperor found it difficult to curb the growing power of Oboi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conflict_with_the_Kangxi_Emperor">Conflict with the Kangxi Emperor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oboi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Conflict with the Kangxi Emperor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oboi forced the young <a href="/wiki/Kangxi_Emperor" title="Kangxi Emperor">Kangxi Emperor</a> to execute <a href="/wiki/Suksaha" title="Suksaha">Suksaha</a> and his family. He controlled <a href="/wiki/Ebilun" title="Ebilun">Ebilun</a> completely and then finally established a system of near absolute rule under himself. </p><p>The Kangxi Emperor took power earlier than expected at the age of 15 in 1669. The emperor suddenly had Oboi arrested on 30 charges. Oboi was sentenced to death but it was reduced to imprisonment in consideration of his achievements. Some sources say that he displayed the many wounds on his body that had been received in the defense of Kangxi's great-grandfather <a href="/wiki/Nurhaci" title="Nurhaci">Nurhaci</a>, this act had apparently moved the Kangxi Emperor to pardon Oboi. </p><p>Oboi was posthumously rehabilitated. The Kangxi Emperor issued a pardon in 1713, while his successor, the <a href="/wiki/Yongzheng_Emperor" title="Yongzheng Emperor">Yongzheng Emperor</a>, granted Oboi the rank of a First Class Duke and the <a href="/wiki/Posthumous_title" class="mw-redirect" title="Posthumous title">posthumous title</a> <i>Chaowu</i> (超武 "exceedingly martial") but Yongzheng's successor, the <a href="/wiki/Qianlong_Emperor" title="Qianlong Emperor">Qianlong Emperor</a>, gave Oboi the lower title of First Class Baron after reviewing his merits and demerits. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oboi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oboi <a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Deer_and_the_Cauldron_characters#Qing_Empire" title="List of The Deer and the Cauldron characters">appears as an antagonist</a> in the early part of the <a href="/wiki/Wuxia" title="Wuxia">wuxia</a> novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Deer_and_the_Cauldron" title="The Deer and the Cauldron">The Deer and the Cauldron</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jin_Yong" title="Jin Yong">Jin Yong</a>. In the novel, he is depicted as a cruel, power-hungry regent plotting to usurp the throne from the Kangxi Emperor. With help from the protagonist Wei Xiaobao, the emperor manages to remove Oboi from power and imprison him. Oboi is eventually killed in prison by Wei Xiaobao.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2017 Chinese TV series <i><a href="/wiki/Legend_of_Dragon_Pearl" title="Legend of Dragon Pearl">Legend of Dragon Pearl</a></i> Oboi is portrayed by Xiao Rongsheng. Oboi is shown to be an oppressive roadblock for the <a href="/wiki/Kangxi_Emperor" title="Kangxi Emperor">Kangxi Emperor</a> in his mission regain his full political power and reaffirm his sovereignty. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oboi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oboi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oboi's birthday is historically undocumented, but based on circumstantial evidence historians generally estimate his birth year to be within a few years after 1610.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxnam197517-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOxnam197517_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOxnam197517_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOxnam1975">Oxnam 1975</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1943[httpwwwdartmouthedu~qingWEBOBOIhtml_599]-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1943[httpwwwdartmouthedu~qingWEBOBOIhtml_599]_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedy1943">Kennedy 1943</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dartmouth.edu/~qing/WEB/OBOI.html">599</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Draft_Qing_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Draft Qing History">Draft Qing History</a></i>, Biographies, Volume 36, "Biography of Oboi" (清史稿·列傳三十六·鰲拜列傳). Oboi's initial post was a lieutenant (Manchu: <i>juwan-i da</i>; Chinese: 壯達) in the Banner guard unit (Manchu: <i>Bayarai</i>; Chinese: 巴牙喇). The <i>Bayarais</i> were hand-picked elite cavalry units within a Manchu Banner army that served both as camp guard and tactical reserve. In battle they were usually tasked with difficult missions independent of the main battle formation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1943599-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1943599_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedy1943">Kennedy 1943</a>, p. 599.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxnam197527-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOxnam197527_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOxnam197527_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOxnam1975">Oxnam 1975</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Manchu term "Baturu" was derived from the Mongol term "Bahadur" which translates to mean a warrior, knight or a great hero.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxnam197527–28-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOxnam197527–28_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOxnam1975">Oxnam 1975</a>, pp. 27–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxnam197546-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOxnam197546_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOxnam197546_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOxnam1975">Oxnam 1975</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Draft_History_of_Qing" title="Draft History of Qing">Draft History of Qing</a>, Volume 4, "Annals of Shunzhi 1": "On the <i>jisi</i> day of the eleventh month of the third year of Shunzhi [2 January 1647], <a href="/wiki/Hooge_(prince)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hooge (prince)">Hooge</a>'s army reached the southern regions [of China]. At that time, <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Xianzhong" title="Zhang Xianzhong">Zhang Xianzhong</a> [held] a line of fortifications in <a href="/wiki/Xichong_County" title="Xichong County">Xichong</a>. Oboi and others advanced together to attack and they routed [the rebels], beheading [Zhang] Xianzhong on the battlefield. They then divided their forces to attack the remaining bandits, overrunning more than 130 [enemy] camps/battalions. Sichuan was thus pacified." (清史稿·本紀四·世祖本紀一) "順治三年十一月己巳，豪格師至南部，時張獻忠列寨西充，鰲拜等兼程進擊，大破之，斬獻忠於陣，復分兵擊餘賊，破一百三十餘營，四川平。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSwope2018" class="citation book cs1">Swope, Kenneth (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_pZcDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA133"><i>On the Trail of the Yellow Tiger: War, Trauma, and Social Dislocation in Southwest China During the Ming-Qing Transition</i></a> (illustrated ed.). U of Nebraska Press. pp. 133–134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0803249950" title="Special:BookSources/978-0803249950"><bdi>978-0803249950</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Trail+of+the+Yellow+Tiger%3A+War%2C+Trauma%2C+and+Social+Dislocation+in+Southwest+China+During+the+Ming-Qing+Transition&rft.pages=133-134&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=U+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0803249950&rft.aulast=Swope&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_pZcDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOboi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxnam197545-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOxnam197545_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOxnam1975">Oxnam 1975</a>, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The English term "regent" translates to the Chinese "shezheng" (攝政) as in the case of <a href="/wiki/Dorgon" title="Dorgon">Dorgon</a> whereas the four ministers' brief as stated in "Qing Court history, the Chronicles of the Shunzhi Emperor" (清太祖實錄) was merely to "assist (the Emperor) in governance" <i>i.e.</i> "fuzheng" (輔政).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to the order listed in the Shunzhi Emperor's edict.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Xianfeng_Emperor" title="Xianfeng Emperor">Xianfeng Emperor</a> tried the same system again nominating eight ministers to oversee the regency of his son, the <a href="/wiki/Tongzhi_Emperor" title="Tongzhi Emperor">Tongzhi Emperor</a>, but they were outmaneuvered by <a href="/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Cixi" title="Empress Dowager Cixi">Empress Dowager Cixi</a>, who took control through a palace coup.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCha2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jin_Yong" title="Jin Yong">Cha, Louis</a> (2018). Minford, John (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Deer_and_the_Cauldron" title="The Deer and the Cauldron">The Deer and the Cauldron</a>: 3 Volume Set</i>. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0190836059" title="Special:BookSources/0190836059"><bdi>0190836059</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Deer+and+the+Cauldron%3A+3+Volume+Set&rft.place=Oxford%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=0190836059&rft.aulast=Cha&rft.aufirst=Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOboi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oboi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy1943" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Kennedy, George A. (1943). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Oboi"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Eminent_Chinese_of_the_Ch%27ing_Period/Oboi">"Oboi" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Arthur_W._Hummel_Sr." title="Arthur W. Hummel Sr.">Hummel, Arthur W. Sr.</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Eminent_Chinese_of_the_Ch%27ing_Period" title="Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period">Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">United States Government Printing Office</a>. pp. 599–600.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Oboi&rft.btitle=Eminent+Chinese+of+the+Ch%27ing+Period&rft.pages=599-600&rft.pub=United+States+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1943&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=George+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOboi" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date and year (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_date_and_year" title="Category:CS1 maint: date and year">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOxnam1975" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Oxnam" title="Robert Oxnam">Oxnam, Robert B.</a> (1975), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O-ERAAAACAAJ"><i>Ruling from Horseback: Manchu Politics in the Oboi Regency, 1661–1669</i></a>, Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ruling+from+Horseback%3A+Manchu+Politics+in+the+Oboi+Regency%2C+1661%E2%80%931669&rft.place=Chicago+and+London&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Oxnam&rft.aufirst=Robert+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO-ERAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOboi" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oboi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freersackler.si.edu/object/S1991.93/">Portrait of Oboi at the Smithsonian Institution's Arthur M. Sackler Gallery</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> (1636–1912)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: lightsteelblue;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_emperors_of_the_Qing_dynasty" title="List of emperors of the Qing dynasty">List of emperors of the Qing dynasty</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: lightsteelblue;;width:1%">Empresses dowager</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Xiaozhuangwen" title="Empress Xiaozhuangwen">Zhaosheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Ci%27an" title="Empress Dowager Ci'an">Ci'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Cixi" title="Empress Dowager Cixi">Cixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Longyu" title="Empress Dowager Longyu">Longyu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: lightsteelblue;;width:1%">Appointed regents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorgon" title="Dorgon">Dorgon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonin_(regent)" title="Sonin (regent)">Sonin</a>*</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oboi</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebilun" title="Ebilun">Ebilun</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suksaha" title="Suksaha">Suksaha</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushun_(Qing_dynasty)" title="Sushun (Qing dynasty)">Sushun</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duanhua" title="Duanhua">Duanhua</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaiyuan" title="Zaiyuan">Zaiyuan</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Gong" title="Prince Gong">Yixin (Prince Gong)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaifeng,_Prince_Chun" title="Zaifeng, Prince Chun">Zaifeng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: lightsteelblue;"><div>Asterisk (*) denotes that regent was 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