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class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manchu_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manchu_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Manchu period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manchu_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_and_Japanese_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_and_Japanese_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Russian and Japanese influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_and_Japanese_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Warlord_Era_and_Japanese_occupation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Warlord_Era_and_Japanese_occupation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Warlord Era and Japanese occupation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Warlord_Era_and_Japanese_occupation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Post-World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Old_City" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Old_City"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Old City</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Old_City-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Environment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Administrative divisions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shenhe_District" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shenhe_District"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Shenhe District</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shenhe_District-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heping_District" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heping_District"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Heping District</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heping_District-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dadong_District" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dadong_District"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>Dadong District</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dadong_District-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Huanggu_District" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Huanggu_District"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.4</span> <span>Huanggu District</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Huanggu_District-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tiexi_District" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tiexi_District"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.5</span> <span>Tiexi District</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tiexi_District-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hunnan_District" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hunnan_District"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.6</span> <span>Hunnan District</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hunnan_District-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sujiatun_District" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sujiatun_District"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.7</span> <span>Sujiatun District</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sujiatun_District-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shenbei_New_District" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shenbei_New_District"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.8</span> <span>Shenbei New District</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shenbei_New_District-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yuhong_District" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yuhong_District"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.9</span> <span>Yuhong District</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yuhong_District-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liaozhong_District" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liaozhong_District"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.10</span> <span>Liaozhong District</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liaozhong_District-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rural_counties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rural_counties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Rural counties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rural_counties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kangping_County" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kangping_County"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Kangping County</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kangping_County-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Airport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Public transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Healthcare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shenyang_dialect" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shenyang_dialect"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Shenyang dialect</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shenyang_dialect-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.5</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.6</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tourism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Attractions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shopping_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shopping_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Shopping areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shopping_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_and_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_and_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Research and education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Research_and_education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Research and education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Research_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>International schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defunct_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defunct_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Defunct universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defunct_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foreign_consulates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_consulates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Foreign consulates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_consulates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>Twin towns – Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>In media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Shenyang</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 102 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-102" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">102 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%BA" title="شنيانغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شنيانغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eenyan" title="Şenyan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şenyan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82" title="শেন-ইয়াং – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শেন-ইয়াং" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADm-i%C3%B4ng-chh%C4%AB" title="Sím-iông-chhī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sím-iông-chhī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Шэньян – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шэньян" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Шънян – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шънян" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%AF%D0%B3%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Мүгдэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Мүгдэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Шэньян – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шэньян" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang_(kapital_sa_lalawigan_sa_Pangmasang_Republika_sa_T%C5%9Bina)" title="Shenyang (kapital sa lalawigan sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Shenyang (kapital sa lalawigan sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0en-jang" title="Šen-jang – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šen-jang" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang_Shi" title="Shenyang Shi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Shenyang Shi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Σενγιάνγκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σενγιάνγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Cenjango" title="Ŝenjango – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝenjango" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="شنیانگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شنیانگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%80%8B%E9%99%BD" title="瀋陽 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="瀋陽" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%B9%B3%CC%81m-y%C3%B2ng-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Sṳ́m-yòng-sṳ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sṳ́m-yòng-sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%A0%EC%96%91%EC%8B%9C" title="선양시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="선양시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Շենյան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շենյան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="शेनयांग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शेनयांग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Шэньян – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Шэньян" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92" title="שניאנג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שניאנג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="შენიანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შენიანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Шэньян – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Шэньян" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukdenum" title="Mukdenum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mukdenum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0e%C5%86jana" title="Šeņjana – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šeņjana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0enjangas" title="Šenjangas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šenjangas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senjang" title="Senjang – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Senjang" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="ഷെന്യാങ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഷെന്യാങ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="षन्यांग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="षन्यांग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="შენიანი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="შენიანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="شنیانگ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="شنیانگ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%ABng-i%C3%B2ng" title="Sīng-iòng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sīng-iòng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Шэньян – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Шэньян" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99" title="सेनयाङ – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सेनयाङ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%80%8B%E9%99%BD%E5%B8%82" title="瀋陽市 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="瀋陽市" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Шэньян – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Шэньян" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukden" title="Mukden – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mukden" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Шэньян – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Шэньян" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97" title="ਸ਼ੇਨਯਾਂਗ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸ਼ੇਨਯਾਂਗ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Шэньян – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шэньян" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Шэньян – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Шэньян" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0en-jang" title="Šen-jang – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Šen-jang" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="شێنیانگ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شێنیانگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Шенјанг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шенјанг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D" title="சென்யாங் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சென்யாங்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A3" title="Шеньяң – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Шеньяң" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="เฉิ่นหยาง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เฉิ่นหยาง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eenyang" title="Şenyang – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şenyang" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Шеньян – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шеньян" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="شینیانگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شینیانگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%90%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%DA%AD_%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89" title="شېنياڭ شەھىرى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="شېنياڭ شەھىرى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swnjyangh" title="Swnjyangh – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Swnjyangh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0en%27jan" title="Šen'jan – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Šen'jan" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A9m_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Thẩm Dương – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thẩm Dương" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%80%8B%E9%99%BD%E5%B8%82" title="瀋陽市 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="瀋陽市" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Shenyang" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82" title="沈阳市 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="沈阳市" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%80%8B%E9%99%BD" title="瀋陽 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="瀋陽" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82" title="沈阳市 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="沈阳市" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shenyang&params=41_48_09_N_123_25_41_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-21_source:Gaode"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°48′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">123°25′41″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.80250°N 123.42806°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.80250; 123.42806</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital of Liaoning, China</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city. For the aircraft manufacturer, see <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Aircraft_Corporation" title="Shenyang Aircraft Corporation">Shenyang Aircraft Corporation</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Shen_Yang_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Shen Yang (disambiguation)">Shen Yang (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prefecture-level and sub-provincial city in Liaoning, China</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Shenyang</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="zh-Hans">沈阳市</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city">sub-provincial city</a><sup id="cite_ref-govln_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-govln-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="border:1;height:147px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E6%B5%91%E6%B2%B3%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5%E5%A4%A9%E9%99%85%E7%BA%BF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E6%B5%91%E6%B2%B3%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5%E5%A4%A9%E9%99%85%E7%BA%BF.jpg/288px-%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E6%B5%91%E6%B2%B3%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5%E5%A4%A9%E9%99%85%E7%BA%BF.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E6%B5%91%E6%B2%B3%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5%E5%A4%A9%E9%99%85%E7%BA%BF.jpg/432px-%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E6%B5%91%E6%B2%B3%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5%E5%A4%A9%E9%99%85%E7%BA%BF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E6%B5%91%E6%B2%B3%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5%E5%A4%A9%E9%99%85%E7%BA%BF.jpg/576px-%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E6%B5%91%E6%B2%B3%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5%E5%A4%A9%E9%99%85%E7%BA%BF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7110" data-file-height="3636" /></a></span></div><div>Shenyang Skyline</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:154px;max-width:154px"><div style="border:1;height:101px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhongshan_square_in_Shenyang_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Zhongshan_square_in_Shenyang_1.jpg/152px-Zhongshan_square_in_Shenyang_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Zhongshan_square_in_Shenyang_1.jpg/228px-Zhongshan_square_in_Shenyang_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Zhongshan_square_in_Shenyang_1.jpg/304px-Zhongshan_square_in_Shenyang_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div><div>Zhongshan Square</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="border:1;height:101px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%8C%97%E9%99%B5%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD%E6%AD%A3%E9%97%A8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%8C%97%E9%99%B5%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD%E6%AD%A3%E9%97%A8.jpg/132px-%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%8C%97%E9%99%B5%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD%E6%AD%A3%E9%97%A8.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%8C%97%E9%99%B5%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD%E6%AD%A3%E9%97%A8.jpg/198px-%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%8C%97%E9%99%B5%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD%E6%AD%A3%E9%97%A8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%8C%97%E9%99%B5%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD%E6%AD%A3%E9%97%A8.jpg/264px-%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%8C%97%E9%99%B5%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD%E6%AD%A3%E9%97%A8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3785" data-file-height="2897" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Mausoleum_(Qing_dynasty)" title="Zhao Mausoleum (Qing dynasty)">Zhao Mausoleum</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="border:1;height:106px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E6%95%85%E5%AE%AB%E5%A4%A7%E6%94%BF%E6%AE%BF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E6%95%85%E5%AE%AB%E5%A4%A7%E6%94%BF%E6%AE%BF.jpg/142px-%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E6%95%85%E5%AE%AB%E5%A4%A7%E6%94%BF%E6%AE%BF.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E6%95%85%E5%AE%AB%E5%A4%A7%E6%94%BF%E6%AE%BF.jpg/213px-%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E6%95%85%E5%AE%AB%E5%A4%A7%E6%94%BF%E6%AE%BF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E6%95%85%E5%AE%AB%E5%A4%A7%E6%94%BF%E6%AE%BF.jpg/284px-%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E6%95%85%E5%AE%AB%E5%A4%A7%E6%94%BF%E6%AE%BF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2793" data-file-height="2095" /></a></span></div><div>Dazheng Hall of Mukden Palace</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="border:1;height:106px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E9%A6%861.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E9%A6%861.jpg/142px-%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E9%A6%861.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E9%A6%861.jpg/213px-%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E9%A6%861.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E9%A6%861.jpg/284px-%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E9%A6%861.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3849" data-file-height="2887" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Mukden_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukden Incident">Mukden Incident</a> Museum</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="border:1;height:133px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mukden_Palace_drone_view_5_(cropped_%26_rotated).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Mukden_Palace_drone_view_5_%28cropped_%26_rotated%29.jpg/288px-Mukden_Palace_drone_view_5_%28cropped_%26_rotated%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Mukden_Palace_drone_view_5_%28cropped_%26_rotated%29.jpg/432px-Mukden_Palace_drone_view_5_%28cropped_%26_rotated%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Mukden_Palace_drone_view_5_%28cropped_%26_rotated%29.jpg/576px-Mukden_Palace_drone_view_5_%28cropped_%26_rotated%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2915" data-file-height="1351" /></a></span></div><div>Aerial view of <a href="/wiki/Mukden_Palace" title="Mukden Palace">Mukden Palace</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="6" data-overlays="["_fdb6312a045aeb6b4b24272ed04b2ed51906962c"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,a,a,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Shenyang&revid=1258157589&groups=_fdb6312a045aeb6b4b24272ed04b2ed51906962c" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,a,a,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Shenyang&revid=1258157589&groups=_fdb6312a045aeb6b4b24272ed04b2ed51906962c 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_of_Shenyang_Prefecture_within_Liaoning_(China).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Shenyang within Liaoning"><img alt="Location of Shenyang within Liaoning" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Location_of_Shenyang_Prefecture_within_Liaoning_%28China%29.png/250px-Location_of_Shenyang_Prefecture_within_Liaoning_%28China%29.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Location_of_Shenyang_Prefecture_within_Liaoning_%28China%29.png/375px-Location_of_Shenyang_Prefecture_within_Liaoning_%28China%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Location_of_Shenyang_Prefecture_within_Liaoning_%28China%29.png/500px-Location_of_Shenyang_Prefecture_within_Liaoning_%28China%29.png 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="720" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Shenyang within Liaoning</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Liaoning_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shenyang is located in Liaoning"><img alt="Shenyang is located in Liaoning" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/China_Liaoning_location_map.svg/250px-China_Liaoning_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/China_Liaoning_location_map.svg/375px-China_Liaoning_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/China_Liaoning_location_map.svg/500px-China_Liaoning_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="145" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.955%;left:65.707%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Shenyang"><img alt="Shenyang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Shenyang</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of the city center within Liaoning</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Liaoning</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eastern_China_blank_relief_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shenyang is located in Eastern China"><img alt="Shenyang is located in Eastern China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Eastern_China_blank_relief_map.svg/250px-Eastern_China_blank_relief_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Eastern_China_blank_relief_map.svg/375px-Eastern_China_blank_relief_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Eastern_China_blank_relief_map.svg/500px-Eastern_China_blank_relief_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="1006" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:2.847%;left:91.328%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Shenyang"><img alt="Shenyang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Shenyang</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Shenyang (Eastern China)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Eastern China</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shenyang is located in China"><img alt="Shenyang is located in China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/250px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/375px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/500px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="408" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.337%;left:79.32%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Shenyang"><img alt="Shenyang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Shenyang</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Shenyang (China)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of China</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates (<a href="/wiki/Shenhe" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenhe">Shenhe</a>): <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shenyang&params=41_48_09_N_123_25_41_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-21_source:Gaode"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°48′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">123°25′41″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.80250°N 123.42806°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.80250; 123.42806</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Municipal seat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hunnan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunnan District">Hunnan District</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/County-level_division" class="mw-redirect" title="County-level division">County-level divisions</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><b></b>13</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city">Sub-provincial city</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang_Municipal_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shenyang Municipal People's Congress (page does not exist)">Shenyang Municipal People's Congress</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Committee_Secretary" title="Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary">CCP Secretary</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Zhang Lei</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang_Municipal_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shenyang Municipal People's Congress (page does not exist)">Congress</a> Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data">Fu Zhongwei</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Wang Xinwei</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">CPPCC</a> Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data">Han Dongtai</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city">sub-provincial city</a><sup id="cite_ref-govln_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-govln-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">12,869 km<sup>2</sup> (4,969 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,658.2 km<sup>2</sup> (1,412.4 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,222.2 km<sup>2</sup> (1,630.2 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">55 m (180 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city">sub-provincial city</a><sup id="cite_ref-govln_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-govln-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">9,070,093</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">700/km<sup>2</sup> (1,800/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">7,885,142</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,200/km<sup>2</sup> (5,600/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">8,192,848</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,900/km<sup>2</sup> (5,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<sup id="cite_ref-finance_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finance-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city">sub-provincial city</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/CN%C2%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="CN¥">CN¥</a> 812 billion</li><li><a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 87 billion</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>CN¥ 88,519</li><li>US$ 14,050</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a> (<a href="/wiki/China_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="China Standard Time">China Standard</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_code_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Postal code of China">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">110000</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_China" title="Telephone numbers in China">24</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:CN" title="ISO 3166-2:CN">CN-LN-01</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/License_Plate_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="License Plate (China)">License plate prefixes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-CN">辽A</span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Climate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">Dwa</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shenyang.gov.cn">www<wbr />.shenyang<wbr />.gov<wbr />.cn</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141396924">.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-none{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-center{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-title{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-subheader{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cddeff}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-island{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cef2e0}</style></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Symbols</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="height:0px"></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Flower</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Rosa_rugosa" title="Rosa rugosa">Rosa rugosa</a></i></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tree</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Pinus_tabuliformis" title="Pinus tabuliformis">Pinus tabuliformis</a></i></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Shenyang</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Shenyang_(Chinese_characters).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Shenyang_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/90px-Shenyang_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Shenyang_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/135px-Shenyang_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Shenyang_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/180px-Shenyang_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="235" data-file-height="271" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">"Shenyang" in simplified (top) and traditional (bottom) Chinese characters</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mukden1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Mukden1.png/50px-Mukden1.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Mukden1.png/75px-Mukden1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Mukden1.png/100px-Mukden1.png 2x" data-file-width="148" data-file-height="250" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">"Mukden" in Manchu script</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">沈阳</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">瀋陽</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/29\/Shenyang_pronunciation.ogg\/Shenyang_pronunciation.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Sh\u011bny\u00e1ng"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Shenyang pronunciation.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/Shenyang_pronunciation.ogg/Shenyang_pronunciation.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Shěnyáng</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Shenyang_pronunciation.ogg" title="File:Shenyang pronunciation.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">north bank of the Shen River</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/29\/Shenyang_pronunciation.ogg\/Shenyang_pronunciation.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Sh\u011bny\u00e1ng"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Shenyang pronunciation.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/Shenyang_pronunciation.ogg/Shenyang_pronunciation.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Shěnyáng</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Shenyang_pronunciation.ogg" title="File:Shenyang pronunciation.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">ㄕㄣˇ   ㄧㄤˊ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Sheenyang</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span>Shên<sup>3</sup>-yang<sup>2</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ʂə̀n.jǎŋ]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese" title="Romanization of Wu Chinese">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Wu Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="wuu-Latn">Sen<sup>上</sup>-yan<sup>平</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Sám-yèuhng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Sam2-joeng4</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[sɐm˧˥.jœŋ˩]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Sím-iông</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Mukden</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;">盛京</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Shèngjīng</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_postal_romanization" title="Chinese postal romanization">Postal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Mukden</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">Prosperous [capital]</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shèngjīng</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Manchu name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu script</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237794275">.mw-parser-output .font-mong{font-family:"Menk Hawang Tig","Menk Qagan Tig","Menk Garqag Tig","Menk Har_a Tig","Menk Scnin Tig","Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig","Oyun Qagan Tig","Oyun Garqag Tig","Oyun Har_a Tig","Oyun Scnin Tig","Oyun Agula Tig","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White","Mongol Usug","Mongolian White","MongolianScript","Code2000","Menksoft Qagan"}.mw-parser-output .font-mong-mnc,.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(mnc-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(dta-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(sjo-Mong){font-family:"Abkai Xanyan","Abkai Xanyan LA","Abkai Xanyan VT","Abkai Xanyan XX","Abkai Xanyan SC","Abkai Buleku","Daicing White","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White"}</style><span lang="mnc" class="font-mong-mnc" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.25em; font-family:'Mongolian Baiti', 'Mongol Universal White', 'Noto Sans Mongolian', 'Abkai Xanyan', 'Abkai Xanyan LA', 'Abkai Xanyan VT', 'Abkai Xanyan XX', 'Abkai Xanyan SC', 'Abkai Buleku', 'Daicing White', 'Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig', 'Oyun Qagan Tig', 'Oyun Garqag Tig', 'Oyun Har_a Tig', 'Oyun Scnin Tig', 'Mongolian BT'; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠰᡳᠮᡳᠶᠠᠨ <br />ᠮᡠᡴᡩᡝᠨ</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transliterations_of_Manchu" title="Transliterations of Manchu">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">simiyan/mukden</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Manju_gisun.svg/9px-Manju_gisun.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Manju_gisun.svg/14px-Manju_gisun.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Manju_gisun.svg/19px-Manju_gisun.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="27" data-file-height="111" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Manchu_language" title="Manchu language">Manchu</a> text.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support#Manchu" title="Help:Multilingual support">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu alphabet</a>.</div></div> </div> <p><b>Shenyang</b><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the capital of <a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a>, China. It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_China#Province_capitals" title="List of capitals in China">provincial capital</a> of Liaoning and the province's most populous city with a population of 9,070,093 as of the <a href="/wiki/2020_Chinese_census" title="2020 Chinese census">2020 census</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also making it the largest city in <a href="/wiki/Northeast_China" title="Northeast China">Northeast China</a> by <a href="/wiki/Urban_population" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban population">urban population</a>, and the second-largest by <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_population" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan population">metropolitan population</a> behind <a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Shenyang metropolitan area is one of the major <a href="/wiki/Megalopolises_in_China" title="Megalopolises in China">megalopolises in China</a>, with a population of over 23 million. The city's administrative region includes the ten metropolitan <a href="/wiki/District_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="District (China)">districts</a> of Shenyang, the <a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">county-level city</a> of <a href="/wiki/Xinmin,_Liaoning" title="Xinmin, Liaoning">Xinmin</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Counties of the People's Republic of China">counties</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kangping_County" title="Kangping County">Kangping</a> and <a href="/wiki/Faku_County" title="Faku County">Faku</a>. </p><p>Shenyang has been controlled by numerous different states and peoples during its history. In the 14th century, the city came under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> (1368–1644), for whom it served as an important military stronghold. The 1621 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shen-Liao" title="Battle of Shen-Liao">Battle of Shen-Liao</a> resulted in Shenyang briefly serving as the capital of the Jurchen <a href="/wiki/Later_Jin_(1616%E2%80%931636)" title="Later Jin (1616–1636)">Later Jin</a> dynasty, the direct predecessor of the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> (1644–1912).<sup id="cite_ref-Ebrey2010pp220224_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ebrey2010pp220224-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1905 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mukden" title="Battle of Mukden">Battle of Mukden</a> took place south of Shenyang as part of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a>. The subsequent Japanese victory allowed its annexation of the region west of the old city and the increase of Japanese influence in Shenyang. In 1931, the <a href="/wiki/Mukden_incident" title="Mukden incident">Mukden incident</a> led to the Japanese invasion and occupation of the rest of Northeast China, and the establishment of the puppet state of <a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_surrender" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese surrender">Japanese surrender</a> in 1945, Shenyang remained a stronghold of the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> until its capture by the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Communists</a> in 1948 following the <a href="/wiki/Liaoshen_campaign" title="Liaoshen campaign">Liaoshen campaign</a>. </p><p>Together with its surrounding cities, Shenyang is an important industrial center in China,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and serves as the transportation and commercial hub of China's northeast—particularly involved in links with Japan, Russia, and Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-东北中心_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-东北中心-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A center of <a href="/wiki/Heavy_industry" title="Heavy industry">heavy industry</a> in China since the 1930s, and the spearhead of the Chinese central government's <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Area_Revitalization_Plan" title="Northeast Area Revitalization Plan">Northeast Area Revitalization Plan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the city has been diversifying its industry, including expanding into the <a href="/wiki/Service_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Service sector">service sector</a>. Growing industries include software, automotive and electronics. Shenyang is also a major city for scientific research and education in Northeast China. As of 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, it was listed among the top 125 <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_scientific_output" title="List of cities by scientific output">cities by scientific output</a> in the world, as tracked by the <a href="/wiki/Nature_Index" title="Nature Index">Nature Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is home to <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Liaoning" title="List of universities and colleges in Liaoning">several major universities</a>, notably <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University_(China)" title="Northeastern University (China)">Northeastern University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liaoning_University" title="Liaoning University">Liaoning University</a>, listed as prestigious universities in the <a href="/wiki/Double_First-Class_Construction" title="Double First-Class Construction">Double First-Class Construction</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Shenyang</i> literally means "the <i><a href="/wiki/Yin_and_yang" title="Yin and yang">yang</a></i> side of the Shen River" and refers to the location of the <a href="/wiki/Hun_River_(Liao_River_tributary)" title="Hun River (Liao River tributary)">Hun River</a> (formerly called the Shen River, <span lang="zh-Hant">瀋水</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shěn Shuǐ</span></i>), on the southern side of the city. According to Chinese naming tradition, a river's north bank and a mountain's south slope are angled more towards direct sunlight and thus are considered the "sunny", or "yang", side.<sup id="cite_ref-理论界_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-理论界-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xinle_Civilisation_Shenyang_China.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Xinle_Civilisation_Shenyang_China.JPG/220px-Xinle_Civilisation_Shenyang_China.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Xinle_Civilisation_Shenyang_China.JPG/330px-Xinle_Civilisation_Shenyang_China.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Xinle_Civilisation_Shenyang_China.JPG/440px-Xinle_Civilisation_Shenyang_China.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Xinle Ruins</figcaption></figure> <p>Archaeological findings show that humans resided in present-day Shenyang as early as 8000 years ago. The remains of the <a href="/wiki/Xinle_culture" title="Xinle culture">Xinle culture</a>, a late <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolithic period">Neolithic period</a> society over 6800–7200 years old,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are located in a museum in the north part of <a href="/wiki/Huanggu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huanggu District">Huanggu District</a>. It is complemented by a recreated village on site. </p><p>The city now known as Shenyang was first established <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 300 BCE</span> during the <a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States period</a> by <a href="/wiki/Yan_(state)" title="Yan (state)">Yan</a> general <a href="/wiki/Qin_Kai_(general)" title="Qin Kai (general)">Qin Kai</a>, who conquered the <a href="/wiki/Liaodong" class="mw-redirect" title="Liaodong">Liaodong</a> region from <a href="/wiki/Gojoseon" title="Gojoseon">Gojoseon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was then named Hou City (<span lang="zh-Hant">侯城</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Hóu Chéng</span></i>). Around 350 years later, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Guangwu_of_Han" title="Emperor Guangwu of Han">Emperor Guangwu of Han</a>, the city was sacked and burnt by the <a href="/wiki/Donghu_people" title="Donghu people">Donghu</a> nomads and subsequently abandoned. The area of modern Shenyang was divided between two <a href="/wiki/Commandery_(China)" title="Commandery (China)">commanderies</a> called <a href="/wiki/Liaodong_Commandery" title="Liaodong Commandery">Liaodong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xuantu_Commandery" title="Xuantu Commandery">Xuantu</a> <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 107 CE</span>. Liaodong was seized by a Han governor in 189. Liaodong and Xuantu were briefly united under <a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Cao Wei</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="Jin dynasty (266–420)">Jin dynasty (266–420)</a>. The region was in disarray during the fourth century until the <a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a> occupied both commanderies in 404. Under Goguryeo, the city was called Gaemo. They established the cities of Xuantucheng and Gaimoucheng in the region. The <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui dynasty</a> recaptured the area and established a new Liaodong Commandery in what is now modern Shenyang. In 645, the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> <a href="/wiki/Goguryeo%E2%80%93Tang_War" title="Goguryeo–Tang War">invaded Goguryeo</a> and captured Xuantucheng and Gaimoucheng. Soon after, Liaodong was administratively reorganized and enjoyed nearly 250 years of stability and development.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 916, the Shenyang region was captured by the <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</a> and was known as Shen Prefecture (<span lang="zh-Hant">瀋州</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shěn Zhōu</span></i>) until the end of <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty</a> (who conquered the region in 1116). The area became known as the Shenyang Circuit (<span lang="zh-Hant">瀋陽路</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shěnyáng Lù</span></i>) during the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-中国网沈阳历史_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-中国网沈阳历史-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the fall of the Yuan, Shenyang came under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>, and it was designated a guard town named Shenyang Central Guard (<span lang="zh-Hant">瀋陽中衛</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shěnyáng Zhōngwèi</span></i>). During the Ming dynasty, Shenyang became one of the most important Chinese military strongholds beyond the <a href="/wiki/Shanhai_Pass" title="Shanhai Pass">Shanhai Pass</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manchu_period">Manchu period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Manchu period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mukden_Palace_in_Shenyang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Mukden_Palace_in_Shenyang.jpg/220px-Mukden_Palace_in_Shenyang.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Mukden_Palace_in_Shenyang.jpg/330px-Mukden_Palace_in_Shenyang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Mukden_Palace_in_Shenyang.jpg/440px-Mukden_Palace_in_Shenyang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Mukden_Palace" title="Mukden Palace">Mukden Palace</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E7%9B%9B%E4%BA%AC%E5%9F%8E%E9%98%99%E5%9B%BE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/%E7%9B%9B%E4%BA%AC%E5%9F%8E%E9%98%99%E5%9B%BE.jpg/220px-%E7%9B%9B%E4%BA%AC%E5%9F%8E%E9%98%99%E5%9B%BE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/%E7%9B%9B%E4%BA%AC%E5%9F%8E%E9%98%99%E5%9B%BE.jpg/330px-%E7%9B%9B%E4%BA%AC%E5%9F%8E%E9%98%99%E5%9B%BE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/%E7%9B%9B%E4%BA%AC%E5%9F%8E%E9%98%99%E5%9B%BE.jpg/440px-%E7%9B%9B%E4%BA%AC%E5%9F%8E%E9%98%99%E5%9B%BE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1082" /></a><figcaption>Map of Shengjing Inner City in 1660s</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1625, the Jurchen leader <a href="/wiki/Nurhaci" title="Nurhaci">Nurhaci</a> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shen-Liao" title="Battle of Shen-Liao">captured Shenyang from the Ming</a> and decided to relocate his entire administrative infrastructure to the city, which was then called <span title="Manchu-language romanization"><i lang="mnc-Latn">Simiyan</i></span> hoton (<a href="/wiki/Manchu_language" title="Manchu language">Manchu</a>: <span title="Manchu-language text"><span lang="mnc" style="font-style: normal;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mnc" class="font-mong-mnc" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.25em; font-family:'Mongolian Baiti', 'Mongol Universal White', 'Noto Sans Mongolian', 'Abkai Xanyan', 'Abkai Xanyan LA', 'Abkai Xanyan VT', 'Abkai Xanyan XX', 'Abkai Xanyan SC', 'Abkai Buleku', 'Daicing White', 'Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig', 'Oyun Qagan Tig', 'Oyun Garqag Tig', 'Oyun Har_a Tig', 'Oyun Scnin Tig', 'Mongolian BT'; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠰᡳᠮᡳᠶᠠᠨ <br />ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ</span></span></span>)in the <a href="/wiki/Manchu_language" title="Manchu language">Manchu language</a>, Simiyan itselt being the Manchu's homophonic translation of the Korean's rendering of the name Shenyang (심양).<sup id="cite_ref-Ebrey2010pp220224_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ebrey2010pp220224-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The official name was changed to Mukden (<a href="/wiki/Manchu_language" title="Manchu language">Manchu</a>: <span title="Manchu-language text"><span lang="mnc" style="font-style: normal;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mnc" class="font-mong-mnc" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.25em; font-family:'Mongolian Baiti', 'Mongol Universal White', 'Noto Sans Mongolian', 'Abkai Xanyan', 'Abkai Xanyan LA', 'Abkai Xanyan VT', 'Abkai Xanyan XX', 'Abkai Xanyan SC', 'Abkai Buleku', 'Daicing White', 'Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig', 'Oyun Qagan Tig', 'Oyun Garqag Tig', 'Oyun Har_a Tig', 'Oyun Scnin Tig', 'Mongolian BT'; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;"> ᠮᡠᡴᡩᡝᠨ</span></span></span>), or Shengjing (<span lang="zh-Hant">盛京</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shèng Jīng</span></i>; 'rising capital') in 1634. The new name derives from the <a href="/wiki/Manchu" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchu">Manchu</a> word, <span title="Manchu-language romanization"><i lang="mnc-Latn">mukdembi</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Manchu_language" title="Manchu language">Manchu</a>: <span title="Manchu-language text"><span lang="mnc" style="font-style: normal;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mnc" class="font-mong-mnc" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.25em; font-family:'Mongolian Baiti', 'Mongol Universal White', 'Noto Sans Mongolian', 'Abkai Xanyan', 'Abkai Xanyan LA', 'Abkai Xanyan VT', 'Abkai Xanyan XX', 'Abkai Xanyan SC', 'Abkai Buleku', 'Daicing White', 'Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig', 'Oyun Qagan Tig', 'Oyun Garqag Tig', 'Oyun Har_a Tig', 'Oyun Scnin Tig', 'Mongolian BT'; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠮᡠᡴᡩᡝᠮᠪᡳ</span></span></span>), meaning 'to rise' as reflected also by its Han Chinese name.<sup id="cite_ref-盛京史话_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-盛京史话-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under <a href="/wiki/Nurhaci" title="Nurhaci">Nurhaci</a>'s orders, the <a href="/wiki/Mukden_Palace" title="Mukden Palace">Imperial Palace</a> was constructed in 1626, symbolizing the city's emerging status as the <a href="/wiki/Jurchen_people" title="Jurchen people">Jurchen</a> political center. The palace featured more than 300 ostentatiously decorated rooms and 20 gardens as a symbol of power and grandeur.<sup id="cite_ref-盛京史话_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-盛京史话-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the fall of the Ming dynasty in 1644 and the routing of the <a href="/wiki/Shun_dynasty" title="Shun dynasty">Shun</a> army in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shanhai_Pass" title="Battle of Shanhai Pass">Battle of Shanhai Pass</a> just a day later, the Manchus successfully entered the <a href="/wiki/Shanhai_Pass" title="Shanhai Pass">Shanhai Pass</a> to establish the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> in <a href="/wiki/China_proper" title="China proper">China proper</a>. The capital was subsequently relocated from Shenyang to <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>. However, Shenyang retained considerable importance as the secondary capital and spiritual home of the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> through the centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-盛京史话_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-盛京史话-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Treasures of the royal house were kept at its palaces, and the tombs of the early Qing rulers were once among the most famous monuments in China. In 1657, Fengtian Prefecture (<span lang="zh-Hant">奉天府</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Fèngtiān Fǔ</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Manchu_language" title="Manchu language">Manchu</a>: <span title="Manchu-language text"><span lang="mnc" style="font-style: normal;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mnc" class="font-mong-mnc" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.25em; font-family:'Mongolian Baiti', 'Mongol Universal White', 'Noto Sans Mongolian', 'Abkai Xanyan', 'Abkai Xanyan LA', 'Abkai Xanyan VT', 'Abkai Xanyan XX', 'Abkai Xanyan SC', 'Abkai Buleku', 'Daicing White', 'Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig', 'Oyun Qagan Tig', 'Oyun Garqag Tig', 'Oyun Har_a Tig', 'Oyun Scnin Tig', 'Mongolian BT'; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ <br />ᡳᠮᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᠠ <br />ᡶᡠ</span></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Transliterations_of_Manchu" title="Transliterations of Manchu">Möllendorff</a>: <i>abkai imiyangga fu</i>, <a href="/wiki/Transliterations_of_Manchu" title="Transliterations of Manchu">Abkai</a>: <i>abkai imiyangga fu</i> or <a href="/wiki/Manchu_language" title="Manchu language">Manchu</a>: <span title="Manchu-language text"><span lang="mnc" style="font-style: normal;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mnc" class="font-mong-mnc" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.25em; font-family:'Mongolian Baiti', 'Mongol Universal White', 'Noto Sans Mongolian', 'Abkai Xanyan', 'Abkai Xanyan LA', 'Abkai Xanyan VT', 'Abkai Xanyan XX', 'Abkai Xanyan SC', 'Abkai Buleku', 'Daicing White', 'Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig', 'Oyun Qagan Tig', 'Oyun Garqag Tig', 'Oyun Har_a Tig', 'Oyun Scnin Tig', 'Mongolian BT'; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᡶᡠᠩ ᡨᡳᠶᠠᠨ</span></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Transliterations_of_Manchu" title="Transliterations of Manchu">Möllendorff</a>: <i>fung tiyian</i>, <a href="/wiki/Transliterations_of_Manchu" title="Transliterations of Manchu">Abkai</a>: <i>fung tiyian</i>) was established in the Shenyang area, and Fengtian was sometimes used synonymously with Shenyang/Mukden.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_and_Japanese_influence">Russian and Japanese influence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Russian and Japanese influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Shenyang_in_1919.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Map_of_Shenyang_in_1919.jpg/220px-Map_of_Shenyang_in_1919.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Map_of_Shenyang_in_1919.jpg/330px-Map_of_Shenyang_in_1919.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Map_of_Shenyang_in_1919.jpg/440px-Map_of_Shenyang_in_1919.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1752" data-file-height="1238" /></a><figcaption>Japanese-administered zone (red) and the old Shenyang city (violet) in 1919</figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War" title="First Sino-Japanese War">First Sino-Japanese War</a> of 1894-1895, <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a> coerced the annexation of the <a href="/wiki/Liaodong_Peninsula" title="Liaodong Peninsula">Liaodong Peninsula</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Shimonoseki" title="Treaty of Shimonoseki">Treaty of Shimonoseki</a> in 1895, but had to give it up due to diplomatic pressure from the 1895 <a href="/wiki/Triple_Intervention" title="Triple Intervention">Triple Intervention</a>. In the aftermath of the Japanese threat, <a href="/wiki/Qing_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing China">Qing</a> viceroy <a href="/wiki/Li_Hongzhang" title="Li Hongzhang">Li Hongzhang</a> visited Moscow in 1896 and <a href="/wiki/Li%E2%80%93Lobanov_Treaty" title="Li–Lobanov Treaty">signed a secret treaty</a> with Russian foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Lobanov-Rostovsky" title="Aleksey Lobanov-Rostovsky">Aleksey Lobanov-Rostovsky</a>, allowing the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> to build <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Eastern_Railway" title="Chinese Eastern Railway">a Russian-gauge railway</a> through Manchuria, which opened the door towards further Russian expansionism in the form of <a href="/wiki/Convention_for_the_Lease_of_the_Liaotung_Peninsula" title="Convention for the Lease of the Liaotung Peninsula">another lease convention in 1898</a>, effectively allowing Russia to annex <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCshunkou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lüshunkou District">Port Arthur</a> in all but name. However, after the <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a> in 1900, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian</a> forces used that anti-foreigner insurgency as a pretext to formally invade and occupy most of Manchuria, and Mukden became a Russian stronghold in the <a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a> with the building of what would become the <a href="/wiki/South_Manchurian_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="South Manchurian Railway">South Manchurian Railway</a> - from <a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a> via Mukden to <a href="/wiki/Russian_Dalian" title="Russian Dalian">Dalny</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a> (1904—1905), Mukden became the site of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mukden" title="Battle of Mukden">Battle of Mukden</a> from February 19 to March 10, 1905.<sup id="cite_ref-historyofmodernworld_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historyofmodernworld-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tucker2009_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker2009-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Involving more than 600,000 combat participants, it was the largest battle since the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leipzig" title="Battle of Leipzig">Battle of Leipzig</a> in 1813, and also the largest modern-era battle ever fought in Asia before <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Menning_p.187_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Menning_p.187-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following this Japanese victory, Mukden became one of the chief bases of Japanese presence and economic expansion into southern <a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a>. It also became the government seat of <a href="/wiki/Fengtian_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Fengtian province">Fengtian province</a> in 1910.<sup id="cite_ref-zyj_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zyj-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mukden became one of the main epicenters of the <a href="/wiki/Manchurian_plague" title="Manchurian plague">Manchurian plague</a> (1910—1911), which ultimately resulted in approximately 60,000 deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Warlord_Era_and_Japanese_occupation">Warlord Era and Japanese occupation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Warlord Era and Japanese occupation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Huanggutun_Incident.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Huanggutun_Incident.jpg/220px-Huanggutun_Incident.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Huanggutun_Incident.jpg/330px-Huanggutun_Incident.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Huanggutun_Incident.jpg/440px-Huanggutun_Incident.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="330" /></a><figcaption>Zhang Zuolin's train after the <a href="/wiki/Huanggutun_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Huanggutun Incident">Huanggutun Incident</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mukden_1931_japan_shenyang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Mukden_1931_japan_shenyang.jpg/220px-Mukden_1931_japan_shenyang.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Mukden_1931_japan_shenyang.jpg/330px-Mukden_1931_japan_shenyang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Mukden_1931_japan_shenyang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="417" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption>Japanese troops entering Shenyang during Mukden Incident</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1914, the city changed back to its old name Shenyang,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but continued to be known as Mukden (sometimes spelled Moukden) in some English sources and in Japan through much of the first half of 20th century. The postmark of the Chinese postal administration kept the spelling "MOUKDEN/<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">奉天</span></span>" for usage on international mails until the late 1920s. After that, a Chinese–Manchurian bilingual type "SHENYANG (MUKDEN)/<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">瀋陽</span></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">奉天</span></span>)" datestamp was used until 1933. </p><p>In the early 20th century, Shenyang began expanding out of its old city walls. The <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenyang Railway Station">Shenyang Railway Station</a> on the <a href="/wiki/South_Manchurian_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="South Manchurian Railway">South Manchurian Railway</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_North_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenyang North Railway Station">Shenyang North Railway Station</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Harbin_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing–Harbin Railway">Jingfeng Railway</a>, both west of the old city, became the new commercial centers of Shenyang.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1920s, Mukden was the capital of the warlord <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zuolin" title="Zhang Zuolin">Zhang Zuolin</a>, who was later assassinated when <a href="/wiki/Huanggutun_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Huanggutun Incident">his train was blown up on 4 June 1928</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at a Japanese-guarded railway bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, several factories were built by Zhang to manufacture <a href="/wiki/Ammunition" title="Ammunition">ammunition</a> in the northern and eastern suburbs. These factories laid the foundation for Shenyang's industrial development.<sup id="cite_ref-syrb_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-syrb-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At around 10:20 pm on 18 September 1931, a small quantity of dynamite was detonated close to a railway line near Mukden owned by the Japanese <a href="/wiki/South_Manchuria_Railway_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="South Manchuria Railway Company">South Manchuria Railway Company</a> by <a href="/wiki/Kwantung_Army" title="Kwantung Army">Kwantung Army</a> Lt. Kawamoto Suemori.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sjzrb_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sjzrb-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a>, accusing Chinese dissidents of the act, then used the <a href="/wiki/False_flag" title="False flag">false flag</a> explosion as pretext to launch a full attack on Mukden, and captured the city the following morning (September 19).<sup id="cite_ref-sjzrb_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sjzrb-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/Mukden_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukden Incident">Mukden Incident</a>, the Japanese further invaded and occupied the rest of Northeast China, and created the <a href="/wiki/Puppet_state" title="Puppet state">puppet state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a> with the deposed emperor <a href="/wiki/Aisin_Gioro_Puyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Aisin Gioro Puyi">Aisin Gioro Puyi</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Figurehead" title="Figurehead">figurehead</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Manchukuo era (1932–1945), the city was again called Fengtian (and Mukden in English),<sup id="cite_ref-满洲奉天_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-满洲奉天-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was developed by the Japanese into a center of heavy industry.<sup id="cite_ref-满洲奉天_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-满洲奉天-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-四次城市规划_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-四次城市规划-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japan was able to exploit resources in Manchuria using the extensive network of railroads.<sup id="cite_ref-日本占领时期_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-日本占领时期-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, vast expanses of Manchurian forest were chopped down.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The development of Shenyang was also unbalanced in this period; municipal facilities were mostly located in Japanese residential areas, while Chinese residential areas had poor living conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-四次城市规划_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-四次城市规划-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-World_War_II">Post-World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Post-World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Fall_of_Shenyang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/The_Fall_of_Shenyang.jpg/220px-The_Fall_of_Shenyang.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/The_Fall_of_Shenyang.jpg/330px-The_Fall_of_Shenyang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/The_Fall_of_Shenyang.jpg/440px-The_Fall_of_Shenyang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Type_97_Chi-Ha" class="mw-redirect" title="Type 97 Chi-Ha">Type 97 Chi-Ha</a> tanks advancing into Shenyang during the <a href="/wiki/Liaoshen_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Liaoshen Campaign">Liaoshen Campaign</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Under <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Marshal of the Soviet Union">Marshal of the Soviet Union</a> <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Vasilevsky" title="Aleksandr Vasilevsky">Aleksandr Vasilevsky</a>, the Far East Command<sup id="cite_ref-Battlefield_Series_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Battlefield_Series-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> occupied Manchuria in early August 1945 following the surrender of Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-Glantz_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glantz-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 16 August 1945, Manchurian Emperor <a href="/wiki/Puyi" title="Puyi">Puyi</a> was captured in Shenyang Airport by the Soviets while he was in an airplane fleeing to Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-Li_Shuxian,_73,_Widow_of_Last_China_Emperor_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Li_Shuxian,_73,_Widow_of_Last_China_Emperor-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 20 August, Soviet troops captured Shenyang. British and US reports indicate that the Soviet troops that occupied <a href="/wiki/Northeast_China" title="Northeast China">Northeast China</a> and Eastern Inner Mongolia region looted and terrorized the people of Shenyang, and were not discouraged by <a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Manchuria" title="Soviet occupation of Manchuria">Soviet occupation authorities</a> from "three days of rape and pillage".<sup id="cite_ref-CSM_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSM-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FCJones_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCJones-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sydjfycgjg_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sydjfycgjg-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-沈阳解放改变世界_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-沈阳解放改变世界-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Soviets were replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Army" title="Republic of China Army">Republic of China Army</a>, who were flown in on U.S. transport planes.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>, Shenyang remained a <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> stronghold supplied by <a href="/wiki/Claire_Lee_Chennault" title="Claire Lee Chennault">Claire Lee Chennault</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Civil_Air_Transport" title="Civil Air Transport">Civil Air Transport</a> from 1946 to 1948, although the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> controlled the surrounding countryside.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By February 1948 the city was suffering from drastic shortages, and by the summer 140,000 refugees per month were fleeing. It was captured by the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> on October 30, 1948, following a series of offensives led by <a href="/wiki/Lin_Biao" title="Lin Biao">Lin Biao</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Liaoshen_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Liaoshen Campaign">Liaoshen Campaign</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sydjfycgjg_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sydjfycgjg-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-亲历记_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-亲历记-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over the past 200 years or so, Shenyang managed to grow and increase its industrial might during consecutive wars with <a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War" title="First Sino-Japanese War">Japan</a> in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second World War</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">China's Civil War</a> (Shenyang became the main battleground between the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of China">Communists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Nationalists</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Directed by state efforts to reduce <a href="/wiki/Pollution_in_China" title="Pollution in China">pollution</a> and close unprofitable industry, the city has undergone <a href="/wiki/Deindustrialization" title="Deindustrialization">deindustrialization</a>, with the shutdown of large plants.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most notably, a large 1930s <a href="/wiki/Smelting" title="Smelting">smelter</a> in the central city was closed in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The redevelopment of former polluted industrial land has resulted in <a href="/wiki/Gentrification" title="Gentrification">gentrification</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Old_City">Old City</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Old City"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Mukden_1912.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Map_of_Mukden_1912.jpg/170px-Map_of_Mukden_1912.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Map_of_Mukden_1912.jpg/255px-Map_of_Mukden_1912.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Map_of_Mukden_1912.jpg/340px-Map_of_Mukden_1912.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1745" data-file-height="2051" /></a><figcaption>Layout of Shenyang's old city walls</figcaption></figure> <p>The old city of Shenyang resided almost entirely within the modern day <a href="/wiki/Shenhe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenhe District">Shenhe District</a>, and used to have two <a href="/wiki/Chinese_city_wall" title="Chinese city wall">city walls</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Situated roughly within the area bounded by the four "Shuncheng" (<span lang="zh-Hans">顺城</span>; 'along the city') roads/streets in Shenhe District, the (now-demolished) square-shaped inner city wall marked the bounds of ancient Shenyang. The earliest wall was built in 926 during early <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</a> to settle <a href="/wiki/Northern_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Song">Northern Song</a> civilians the <a href="/wiki/Khitan_people" title="Khitan people">Khitans</a> abducted from raids to use as <a href="/wiki/Unfree_labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Unfree labour">slave labourers</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, and was then made of <a href="/wiki/Rammed_earth" title="Rammed earth">rammed earth</a> because the city was merely a small settlement at the time (historically the administrative center of the <a href="/wiki/Liaodong" class="mw-redirect" title="Liaodong">Liaodong</a> region was at <a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> However, in 1368, <a href="/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor" title="Hongwu Emperor">Hongwu Emperor</a> of the newly founded <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> ordered a new regional military command—the Liaodong Regional Military Commission (<span lang="zh-Hant">遼東都指揮使司</span>)—to be established, and Shenyang was made a prominent regional "guard town" (<span lang="zh-Hant">衛所</span>). In 1388, Min Zhong (<span lang="zh-Hant">閔忠</span>), the newly appointed city commissioner of the Shenyang Central Guard, wrote to Hongwu Emperor immediately upon his tenure requesting permission to upgrade the city wall, and the old wall was made taller and thoroughly reinforced with overlaid bricks.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> According to <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ming" title="History of Ming">History of Ming</a></i>, the reconstructed Ming-era wall was 2.5 <i><a href="/wiki/Zh%C3%A0ng" title="Zhàng">zhàng</a></i> (8 metres or 26 feet) tall, more than 1 <i>zhàng</i> (3.2 metres or 10.5 feet) wide at the top, and 9 <i><a href="/wiki/Li_(unit)" title="Li (unit)">li</a></i> and 30 <i>bu</i> (about 5.2 kilometres or 3.2 miles) long. It has two layers of <a href="/wiki/Moat" title="Moat">moats</a> dug outside, each being 3 <i>zhàng</i> (9.6 metres or 31.5 feet) wide and 8 <i><a href="/wiki/Chi_(unit)" title="Chi (unit)">chi</a></i> (2.56 metres or 8 feet 4.8 inches) deep, fed with water from the Little Shen River (the present day South Canal). There were four <a href="/wiki/City_gate" title="City gate">city gates</a>, each at the center of one side, connected by two main roads that intersected at Central Temple of the city's center in a "+" fashion.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>This Ming wall was heavily damaged in 1625 when the Manchus laid siege and captured the city, with only the north wall and <a href="/wiki/Gate_tower" title="Gate tower">gate tower</a> (which had undergone reinforcing reconstructions in 1545 under the orders of <a href="/wiki/Jiajing_Emperor" title="Jiajing Emperor">Jiajing Emperor</a>) remained intact.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Manchu leader <a href="/wiki/Nurhachi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nurhachi">Nurhachi</a> however saw the city's strategic value and decided to formally relocate his <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Later Jin</a> capital from Liaoyang to Shenyang, and ordered the wall to be rebuilt.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> According to <i>Annals of Mukden</i> (<span lang="zh-Hant">盛京通志</span>), the new city wall was a standard <a href="/wiki/Brick#Fired_brick" title="Brick">black brick</a> <a href="/wiki/Defensive_wall" title="Defensive wall">wall</a> standing at a height of 3.5 <i>zhàng</i> (about 12.5 metres or 41.0 feet), a width of 1.8 <i>zhàng</i> (about 6.4 metres or 21.0 feet) and a total length of 9 <i>li</i> and 332 <i>bu</i> (about 6.4 kilometres or 4.0 miles), complete with 12 <a href="/wiki/Fortified_tower" title="Fortified tower">towers</a> (8 gates and 4 corners) and a widened 14.5-<i>zhàng</i> (about 52-metre or 171-foot) moat. The city gates were increased from four to eight, though the old Ming-era north gate tower was preserved but sealed shut, later known as the "Ninth Gate" (<span lang="zh-Hant">九門</span>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The outer city wall, called the "peripheral wall" (<span lang="zh-Hant">邊牆</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Biān Qiáng</span></i>) or "<a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">pass</a> wall" (<span lang="zh-Hant">關牆</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Guān Qiáng</span></i>), was actually a <a href="/wiki/Rammed_earth" title="Rammed earth">rammed earth</a> <a href="/wiki/Rampart_(fortification)" title="Rampart (fortification)">rampart</a> built in 1680 to expand the urban area outside the inner city.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It was almost round in shape, standing at a height of 7.5 <i>chi</i> (around 2.7 metres or 8 feet 10.3 inches) and an overall length of 32 <i>li</i> and 24 <i>bu</i> (about 20.7 kilometres or 12.9 miles), and also had eight towerless gates known as the "peripheral gates" (<span lang="zh-Hant">邊門</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Biān Mén</span></i>). The corresponding inner and outer gates were linked by roads that intersected within the inner city in a "#" pattern around the <a href="/wiki/Mukden_Palace" title="Mukden Palace">Mukden Palace</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Nearly all of these city walls and gates were demolished after 1949.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Two gates and one corner tower of the inner wall were rebuilt during the 1990s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> There had, however, been proposals to rebuild the other gates and towers in preparation to the <a href="/wiki/2013_National_Games_of_China" title="2013 National Games of China">12th National Games in 2013</a>. </p><p>Around 2.5 km (1.6 mi) outside Shenyang's former outer wall, there were four <a href="/wiki/Pagoda" title="Pagoda">pagodas</a> each located within an associated <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhist</a> temple, namely the East Pagoda in Yongguang Temple (<span lang="zh-Hant">永光寺</span>), the South Pagoda in Guangci Temple (<span lang="zh-Hant">廣慈寺</span>), the West Pagoda in Yanshou Temple (<span lang="zh-Hant">延壽寺</span>) and the North Pagoda in Falun Temple (<span lang="zh-Hant">法輪寺</span>). They were built in 1643 and completed in 1645.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The four pagodas are identical white Buddha-<a href="/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa">stupas</a> as tall as 26 m (85 ft). Nowadays only the temple for the North Pagoda is well preserved, the East and South has only the pagodas left, and the temple for the West Pagoda was rebuilt in 1998.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Both the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Heaven" title="Temple of Heaven">Temple of Heaven</a> and Temple of Earth were also to be found in the old city during the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> They were smaller replicas of Beijing's counterparts. Neither exists today. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Txu-oclc-6614368-nk51-8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Txu-oclc-6614368-nk51-8.jpg/220px-Txu-oclc-6614368-nk51-8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Txu-oclc-6614368-nk51-8.jpg/330px-Txu-oclc-6614368-nk51-8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Txu-oclc-6614368-nk51-8.jpg/440px-Txu-oclc-6614368-nk51-8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3781" /></a><figcaption>Map including Shenyang (labeled as <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">瀋陽</span></span> SHEN-YANG (MUKDEN)) (<a href="/wiki/Army_Map_Service" title="Army Map Service">AMS</a>, 1956)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CITY_OF_SHENYANG_CHINA_TAKEN_AT_33000_FEET_AIR_KORYO_FLIGHT_JS_152_P881_IL62M_EN_ROUTE_BEIJING_CAPITAL_TO_PYONGYANG_DPR_KOREA_OCT_2012_(8178497681).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/CITY_OF_SHENYANG_CHINA_TAKEN_AT_33000_FEET_AIR_KORYO_FLIGHT_JS_152_P881_IL62M_EN_ROUTE_BEIJING_CAPITAL_TO_PYONGYANG_DPR_KOREA_OCT_2012_%288178497681%29.jpg/220px-CITY_OF_SHENYANG_CHINA_TAKEN_AT_33000_FEET_AIR_KORYO_FLIGHT_JS_152_P881_IL62M_EN_ROUTE_BEIJING_CAPITAL_TO_PYONGYANG_DPR_KOREA_OCT_2012_%288178497681%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/CITY_OF_SHENYANG_CHINA_TAKEN_AT_33000_FEET_AIR_KORYO_FLIGHT_JS_152_P881_IL62M_EN_ROUTE_BEIJING_CAPITAL_TO_PYONGYANG_DPR_KOREA_OCT_2012_%288178497681%29.jpg/330px-CITY_OF_SHENYANG_CHINA_TAKEN_AT_33000_FEET_AIR_KORYO_FLIGHT_JS_152_P881_IL62M_EN_ROUTE_BEIJING_CAPITAL_TO_PYONGYANG_DPR_KOREA_OCT_2012_%288178497681%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/CITY_OF_SHENYANG_CHINA_TAKEN_AT_33000_FEET_AIR_KORYO_FLIGHT_JS_152_P881_IL62M_EN_ROUTE_BEIJING_CAPITAL_TO_PYONGYANG_DPR_KOREA_OCT_2012_%288178497681%29.jpg/440px-CITY_OF_SHENYANG_CHINA_TAKEN_AT_33000_FEET_AIR_KORYO_FLIGHT_JS_152_P881_IL62M_EN_ROUTE_BEIJING_CAPITAL_TO_PYONGYANG_DPR_KOREA_OCT_2012_%288178497681%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Aerial photograph of Shenyang</figcaption></figure> <p>Shenyang ranges in latitude from 41° 11' to 43° 02' N and in longitude from 122° 25' to 123° 48' E, and is located in the central part of Liaoning province. The western parts of the city's administrative area are located on the <a href="/wiki/Alluvial_plain" title="Alluvial plain">alluvial plain</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Liao_River" title="Liao River">Liao River</a> system, while the eastern part consists of the hinterlands of the <a href="/wiki/Changbai_Mountains" title="Changbai Mountains">Changbai Mountains</a>, and is covered with forests.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest point in Shenyang is 414 m (1,358 ft) <a href="/wiki/Metres_above_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Metres above sea level">above sea level</a> and the lowest point only 7 m (23 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average elevation of the urban area is 45 m (148 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-jdsycsfzyshbq_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jdsycsfzyshbq-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city's main urban area is located to the north of <b><a href="/wiki/Hun_River_(Liao_River_tributary)" title="Hun River (Liao River tributary)">Hun River</a></b>, formerly the largest tributary of the Liao River <i>proper</i> and often locally referred as the city's "mother river". The central urban area is surrounded by three <a href="/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">artificial rivers</a> — respectively the <b>South Canal</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">南运河</span></span>) from the south and southeast, the <b>Xinkai River</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">新开河</span></span>, formerly the <b>North Canal</b>) from the north and northeast, and the <b>Weigong River</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">卫工河</span></span>, formerly the Weigong <a href="/wiki/Nullah" title="Nullah">Nullah</a>) from the west, all interconnected by channels as a continuous <a href="/wiki/Waterway" title="Waterway">waterway</a>. The South Canal in particular, famous for the series of <a href="/wiki/Linear_park" title="Linear park">linear parks</a> and gardens along it, was <a href="/wiki/Canalized" class="mw-redirect" title="Canalized">canalized</a> from the old course of the <b>Wanquan River</b> (<span lang="zh-Hant">萬泉河</span>; 'ten thousand springs river'), historically also called the <b>Little Shen River</b> (<span lang="zh-Hant">小瀋水</span>) or <b>Wuli River</b> (<span lang="zh-Hant">五里河</span>; 'five-<i><a href="/wiki/Li_(unit)" title="Li (unit)">li</a></i> river'), which was a principal water source for the old city.<sup id="cite_ref-southcanal_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-southcanal-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are reinforced on the peripheries by smaller rivers such as Xi River (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">细河</span></span>), Puhe River (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">蒲河</span></span>) and Mantang River (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">满堂河</span></span>), and drains into the Hun River at three different locations on the southeast, due south and southwest side of the city. There was also previously another canal on the east side called Huishan Nullah (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">辉山明渠</span></span>) that drains into Xinkai River's lower section, but is now no longer existent due to <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">land reclamation</a> from urban constructions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environment">Environment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shenyang has many <a href="/wiki/Park" title="Park">parks</a>, among the most famous are the 14.5 km (9.0 mi) <b>South Canal Linear Parks</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">南运河带状公园</span>) situated along the homonymous river traversing the southern parts of Dadong, Shenhe and Heping Districts. It comprises 6 large <a href="/wiki/Park" title="Park">parks</a> and 18 <a href="/wiki/Linear_park" title="Linear park">riverside gardens</a> covering an area of approximately 1,400,000 m<sup>2</sup> (350 acres), with exotic variety of vegetations such as <a href="/wiki/Chinese_rose" title="Chinese rose">rose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siberian_apricot" class="mw-redirect" title="Siberian apricot">apricot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bladder_cherry" class="mw-redirect" title="Bladder cherry">bladder cherry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_honeylocust" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese honeylocust">honeylocust</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natal_lily" class="mw-redirect" title="Natal lily">natal lily</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scarlet_sage" title="Scarlet sage">scarlet sage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivy_morning_glory" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivy morning glory">morning glory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rudbeckia_hirta" title="Rudbeckia hirta">black-eyed-Susan</a>, and extensive <a href="/wiki/Greenway_(landscape)" title="Greenway (landscape)">greenspaces</a> of <a href="/wiki/Peach" title="Peach">peach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_pear" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese pear">pear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_apple" class="mw-redirect" title="Asiatic apple">crabapples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ginkgo" title="Ginkgo">ginkgos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weeping_willow_(tree)" class="mw-redirect" title="Weeping willow (tree)">weeping willows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">pines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black_locust" class="mw-redirect" title="Black locust">black locusts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-southcanal_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-southcanal-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the largest stretch of vegetated <a href="/wiki/Urban_open_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban open space">urban open space</a> in Shenyang, contributing significantly to the city's 40-percent "<a href="/wiki/Greening" title="Greening">greening</a> ratio", and was instrumental in the city being awarded the "national forest city" title in 2005. </p><p>According to the Shenyang Environmental Protection Bureau, winter usage of coal by <a href="/wiki/Heat-only_boiler_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Heat-only boiler station">boiler stations</a> for <a href="/wiki/Hydronic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydronic">hydronic</a> <a href="/wiki/District_heating" title="District heating">district heating</a> is the source of 30 percent of the air pollution in Shenyang. Half of the 16 million metric tons of coal consumed by the city during the winter of 2013–2014 were used for heating. Other major factors include dust from construction sites (20 percent), vehicle exhaust (20 percent), industrial emissions (10 percent) and extraterritorial dust (20 percent, mostly <a href="/wiki/Yellow_dust" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow dust">yellow dust</a> from <a href="/wiki/Gobi_Desert" title="Gobi Desert">Gobi Desert</a>). However, air quality was described by the Bureau as "slowly improving".<sup id="cite_ref-CE111313_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CE111313-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shenyang-Fushun_urban_agglomeration,_LandSat-5,_2010-09-29.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Shenyang-Fushun_urban_agglomeration%2C_LandSat-5%2C_2010-09-29.jpg/350px-Shenyang-Fushun_urban_agglomeration%2C_LandSat-5%2C_2010-09-29.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Shenyang-Fushun_urban_agglomeration%2C_LandSat-5%2C_2010-09-29.jpg/525px-Shenyang-Fushun_urban_agglomeration%2C_LandSat-5%2C_2010-09-29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Shenyang-Fushun_urban_agglomeration%2C_LandSat-5%2C_2010-09-29.jpg/700px-Shenyang-Fushun_urban_agglomeration%2C_LandSat-5%2C_2010-09-29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3059" data-file-height="1810" /></a><figcaption>Satellite image of Shenyang-<a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a> urban agglomeration<br />(larger western part is Shenyang, eastern part is Fushun), <a href="/wiki/Landsat_5" title="Landsat 5">Landsat 5</a>, 2010-09-29.</figcaption></figure> <table class="infobox" style="width: 19.5em; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; border: solid 1px silver" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th>Shenyang </th></tr> <tr><th style="font-size: 90%">Climate chart (<a href="/wiki/Template:Climate_chart/How_to_read_a_climate_chart" title="Template:Climate chart/How to read a climate chart">explanation</a>)</th></tr> <tr><td><table class="infobox" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">F</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">S</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">O</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">N</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">D</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.12em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">6</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:4.6em;height:2.44em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.04em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">−5</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:3.1em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">−17</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.194em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">9.7</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:5.42em;height:2.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.02em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">0</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:3.92em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">−13</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.334em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">17</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:7.22em;height:2.28em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.5em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">8</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:5.72em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">−4</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.704em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">35</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.86em;height:2.56em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.42em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">17</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.36em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">4</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.272em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">64</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.3em;height:2.48em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.78em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">24</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.8em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">12</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.85em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">93</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.38em;height:2.14em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.52em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">28</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.88em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">17</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:3.34em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">167</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.12em;height:1.78em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.9em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">30</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.62em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">21</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:3.342em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">167</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.88em;height:1.88em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.76em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">29</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.38em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">19</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.016em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">51</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.42em;height:2.46em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.88em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">24</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.92em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">12</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.882em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">44</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.8em;height:2.46em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.26em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">16</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.3em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">4</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.456em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">23</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:7.06em;height:2.1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.16em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">6</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:5.56em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">−5</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.24em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">12</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:5.3em;height:2.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.5em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">−3</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:3.8em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">−14</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: red; background-color: red">█</span> Average max. and min. temperatures in °C</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: #aaccee; background-color: #aaccee">█</span> Precipitation totals in mm</td></tr><tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">Source: CMA<sup id="cite_ref-cma_graphical_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cma_graphical-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr> <tr><td> <table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="12">Imperial conversion</th></tr> <tr><td>J</td><td>F</td><td>M</td><td>A</td><td>M</td><td>J</td><td>J</td><td>A</td><td>S</td><td>O</td><td>N</td><td>D</td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.12em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.2</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:4.6em;height:2.44em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.04em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">23</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:3.1em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">1</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.194em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.4</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:5.42em;height:2.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.02em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">32</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:3.92em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">9</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.334em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.7</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:7.22em;height:2.28em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.5em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">46</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:5.72em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">25</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.704em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.4</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.86em;height:2.56em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.42em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">63</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.36em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">40</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.272em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.5</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.3em;height:2.48em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.78em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">75</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.8em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">53</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.85em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.6</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.38em;height:2.14em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.52em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">82</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.88em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">62</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:3.34em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">6.6</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.12em;height:1.78em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.9em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">85</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.62em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">69</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:3.342em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">6.6</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.88em;height:1.88em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.76em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">84</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.38em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">67</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.016em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.42em;height:2.46em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.88em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">76</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.92em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">54</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.882em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.7</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.8em;height:2.46em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.26em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">61</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.3em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">39</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.456em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.9</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:7.06em;height:2.1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.16em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">42</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:5.56em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">24</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.24em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.5</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:5.3em;height:2.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.5em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">28</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:3.8em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">8</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: red; background-color: red">█</span> Average max. and min. temperatures in °F</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: #aaccee; background-color: #aaccee">█</span> Precipitation totals in inches</td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Shenyang has a <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a>-influenced <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>Dwa</i>) characterised by hot, humid summers due to the monsoon, and dry, cold winters due to the <a href="/wiki/Siberian_anticyclone" class="mw-redirect" title="Siberian anticyclone">Siberian anticyclone</a>. The four seasons here are distinctive. Nearly half of the annual rainfall occurs in July and August. Monthly mean temperatures range from −11.4 °C (11.5 °F) in January to 24.9 °C (76.8 °F) in July, for an annual average of 8.6 °C (47.5 °F). The frost-free period is 183 days, which is long considering the severity of the winters.<sup id="cite_ref-Shenyang_Introduction_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shenyang_Introduction-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city receives 2,421 hours of bright sunshine annually; monthly percent of possible ranges from 42 percent in July to 64 percent in February. Extreme temperatures range from −33.1 °C (−28 °F) to 39.3 °C (103 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-Mherrera_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mherrera-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Shenyang (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1905–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6<br />(72.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.7<br />(96.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF0F00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.3<br />(102.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.3<br />(100.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.4<br />(101.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9<br />(91.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4<br />(84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0F00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.3<br />(102.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.8<br />(23.4) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(32.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.5<br />(85.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8<br />(83.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8<br />(42.4) </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.5<br />(27.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.4<br />(11.5) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.3<br />(20.7) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7<br />(35.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(32.5) </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.4<br />(16.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−17.0<br />(1.4) </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.0<br />(10.4) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.9<br />(25.0) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3<br />(39.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.7<br />(23.5) </td> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.5<br />(7.7) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3.1<br />(37.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−33.1<br />(−27.6) </td> <td style="background: #4D4DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−28.4<br />(−19.1) </td> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−25.0<br />(−13.0) </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.8<br />(9.0) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7<br />(42.3) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.6<br />(27.3) </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.3<br />(17.1) </td> <td style="background: #6B6BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−22.8<br />(−9.0) </td> <td style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−30.2<br />(−22.4) </td> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−33.1<br />(−27.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #F6FFF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(0.24) </td> <td style="background: #EFFFEF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7<br />(0.38) </td> <td style="background: #E6FFE6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(0.66) </td> <td style="background: #C8FFC8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2<br />(1.39) </td> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.6<br />(2.50) </td> <td style="background: #70FF70; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.5<br />(3.64) </td> <td style="background: #06FF06; color:#000000;" class="notheme">167.0<br />(6.57) </td> <td style="background: #05FF05; color:#000000;" class="notheme">167.1<br />(6.58) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.8<br />(2.00) </td> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.1<br />(1.74) </td> <td style="background: #DBFFDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(0.90) </td> <td style="background: #EDFFED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(0.47) </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">687.5<br />(27.07) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7 </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4 </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7 </td> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">86.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5 </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3 </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3 </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">25.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">52 </td> <td style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">49 </td> <td style="background: #3030FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">64 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">172.4 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">192.0 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">227.3 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">228.7 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">250.3 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">218.4 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">191.8 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">204.3 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">219.9 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">204.8 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">158.5 </td> <td style="background: #C5C505; color:#000000;" class="notheme">153.0 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,421.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #FFFF53; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF6C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF47; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #F1F112; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF57; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF5B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF43; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF43; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF47; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">55 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: China Meteorological Administration<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CMA_old_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMA_old-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cma_graphical_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cma_graphical-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all-time extreme temperature<sup id="cite_ref-Mherrera_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mherrera-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div style="width: 80%;"></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><small>See or edit <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/data:Ncei.noaa.gov/weather/Shenyang.tab" class="extiw" title="commons:data:Ncei.noaa.gov/weather/Shenyang.tab">raw graph data</a>.</small> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Txu-oclc-6654394-nk-51-4th-ed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Txu-oclc-6654394-nk-51-4th-ed.jpg/220px-Txu-oclc-6654394-nk-51-4th-ed.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Txu-oclc-6654394-nk-51-4th-ed.jpg/330px-Txu-oclc-6654394-nk-51-4th-ed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Txu-oclc-6654394-nk-51-4th-ed.jpg/440px-Txu-oclc-6654394-nk-51-4th-ed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4626" data-file-height="5000" /></a><figcaption>Map of Shenyang (labeled as SHEN-YANG) and surrounding region (1975)</figcaption></figure> <p>Shenyang's metropolitan area traditionally consisted of the 5 small inner urban districts, surrounded by 4 larger outer suburban districts, and accompanied by 4 rural counties on the north and west sides. In general, <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry" title="Animal husbandry">animal husbandry</a> and agricultural product processing dominate northeastern Shenyang; eastern Shenyang is an <a href="/wiki/Automotive_parts" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotive parts">automotive parts</a> hub; southern Shenyang is a high-tech industrial base; and western Shenyang is home to <a href="/wiki/Heavy_machinery" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavy machinery">heavy machinery</a> manufacturing. The city center specialises in retail and financial services.<sup id="cite_ref-Critical_Eye_on_Shenyang_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Critical_Eye_on_Shenyang-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Out of the rural counties, the Xinmin County was upgraded to a <a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">county-level city</a> in 1993, and the Liaozhong County was incorporated into a new suburban district in 2016 as part of the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Area_Revitalization_Plan" title="Northeast Area Revitalization Plan">provincial/national development plan</a>. </p><p>As a result, Shenyang now officially has direct jurisdiction over 10 <a href="/wiki/District_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="District of China">city districts</a>, 1 <a href="/wiki/Satellite_city" title="Satellite city">satellite city</a> and 2 <a href="/wiki/County_(People%27s_Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="County (People's Republic of China)">rural counties</a>: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">Map </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6"><div style="position: relative" class="center"> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 400px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Administrative_Division_Shenyang.png/400px-Administrative_Division_Shenyang.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="715" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Administrative_Division_Shenyang.png/600px-Administrative_Division_Shenyang.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Administrative_Division_Shenyang.png/800px-Administrative_Division_Shenyang.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2680" /></span></span> <div style="position:absolute; left:269px; top:494.77777777778px"><a href="/wiki/Heping_District,_Shenyang" class="mw-redirect" title="Heping District, Shenyang"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>Heping</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:282.88888888889px; top:480.88888888889px"><a href="/wiki/Shenhe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenhe District"><b>Shenhe</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:295.38888888889px; top:455.88888888889px"><a href="/wiki/Dadong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadong District"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>Dadong</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:270.38888888889px; top:444.77777777778px"><a href="/wiki/Huanggu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huanggu District"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>Huanggu</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:194px; top:505.88888888889px"><a href="/wiki/Tiexi_District,_Shenyang" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiexi District, Shenyang"><b>Tiexi</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:263.44444444444px; top:558.66666666667px"><a href="/wiki/Sujiatun_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Sujiatun District"><b>Sujiatun</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:319px; top:500.33333333333px"><a href="/wiki/Hunnan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunnan District"><b>Hunnan</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:288.44444444444px; top:380.88888888889px"><a href="/wiki/Shenbei_New_Area" title="Shenbei New Area"><b>Shenbei</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:219px; top:428.11111111111px"><a href="/wiki/Yuhong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuhong District"><b>Yuhong<br />※</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:253.72222222222px; top:489.22222222222px"><a href="/wiki/Yuhong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuhong District"><b>※</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:85.666666666667px; top:558.66666666667px"><a href="/wiki/Liaozhong_District" title="Liaozhong District"><b>Liaozhong</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:224.55555555556px; top:103.11111111111px"><a href="/wiki/Kangping_County" title="Kangping County"><b>Kangping<br />County</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:205.11111111111px; top:242px"><a href="/wiki/Faku_County" title="Faku County"><b>Faku<br />County</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:105.11111111111px; top:392px"><a href="/wiki/Xinmin,_Liaoning" title="Xinmin, Liaoning"><b>Xinmin<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(city)</span></b></a></div> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Simplified Chinese </th> <th>Hanyu Pinyin </th> <th>Population<br />(2014) </th> <th>Area (km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th>Density (/km<sup>2</sup>) </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"><b>City <i>proper</i></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shenhe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenhe District">Shenhe District</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈河区</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Shěnhé Qū</i></span> </td> <td>716,417 </td> <td>60 </td> <td>12,037 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heping_District,_Shenyang" class="mw-redirect" title="Heping District, Shenyang">Heping District</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">和平区</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Hépíng Qū</i></span> </td> <td>645,399 </td> <td>59 </td> <td>10,849 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dadong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadong District">Dadong District</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">大东区</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Dàdōng Qū</i></span> </td> <td>689,576 </td> <td>100 </td> <td>6,887 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Huanggu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huanggu District">Huanggu District</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">皇姑区</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Huánggū Qū</i></span> </td> <td>817,288 </td> <td>66 </td> <td>12,349 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tiexi_District,_Shenyang" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiexi District, Shenyang">Tiexi District</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">铁西区</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Tiěxī Qū</i></span> </td> <td>907,091 </td> <td>286 </td> <td>3,171 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"><b>Suburban</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hunnan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunnan District">Hunnan District</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">浑南区</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Húnnán Qū</i></span> </td> <td>324,074 </td> <td>734 </td> <td>442 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sujiatun_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Sujiatun District">Sujiatun District</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">苏家屯区</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Sūjiātún Qū</i></span> </td> <td>428,859 </td> <td>782 </td> <td>548 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shenbei_New_Area" title="Shenbei New Area">Shenbei New Area</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈北新区</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Shěnběi Xīnqū</i></span> </td> <td>320,370 </td> <td>884 </td> <td>362 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yuhong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuhong District">Yuhong District</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">于洪区</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Yúhóng Qū</i></span> </td> <td>435,333 </td> <td>499 </td> <td>872 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Liaozhong_District" title="Liaozhong District">Liaozhong District</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">辽中区</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Liáozhōng Qū</i></span> </td> <td>532,900 </td> <td>1,645 </td> <td>324 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"><b>Satellite city</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xinmin,_Liaoning" title="Xinmin, Liaoning">Xinmin City</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">新民市</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Xīnmín Shì</i></span> </td> <td>690,703 </td> <td>3,297 </td> <td>210 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"><b>Rural</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kangping_County" title="Kangping County">Kangping County</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">康平县</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Kāngpíng Xiàn</i></span> </td> <td>352,434 </td> <td>2,167 </td> <td>163 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Faku_County" title="Faku County">Faku County</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">法库县</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Fǎkù Xiàn</i></span> </td> <td>447,952 </td> <td>2,281 </td> <td>196 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Districts">Districts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shenhe_District">Shenhe District</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Shenhe District"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shenyang_Qingnian_Street.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Shenyang_Qingnian_Street.JPG/220px-Shenyang_Qingnian_Street.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Shenyang_Qingnian_Street.JPG/330px-Shenyang_Qingnian_Street.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Shenyang_Qingnian_Street.JPG/440px-Shenyang_Qingnian_Street.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>Buildings along Youths Avenue (Qingnian Street, 青年大街) in southern Shenhe District</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Shenhe District</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">沈河区</span>; 'Shen River district') is a part of the downtown and was also the most developed district in Shenyang. Until 2015, it held the <a href="/wiki/Seat_of_government" title="Seat of government">seat</a> of the City Government.<sup id="cite_ref-State_Council_govt_move_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State_Council_govt_move-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The old city wall is entirely located in Shenhe District. It has an area of 60 km<sup>2</sup> (23 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-sysinet.gov.cn_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sysinet.gov.cn-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a <a href="/wiki/Hukou_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Hukou system">registered</a> population of 716,417 (as per 2014).<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is the Central Temple (<span lang="zh-Hans">中心庙</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Zhōngxīn Mìao</span></i>), built during the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>, showing the center of ancient Shenyang. This temple is located just south of the <b>Middle Street</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">中街</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Zhōng Jiē</span></i>), one of the most famous shopping streets and the first commercial <a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_zone" title="Pedestrian zone">pedestrian zone</a> in China. Shenhe District is also home to the famous Wu'ai Market (<span lang="zh-Hans">五爱市场</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Wǔài Shìchǎng</span></i>), the largest <a href="/wiki/Light_industry" title="Light industry">light industry</a> wholesale trading center in the entire <a href="/wiki/Bohai_Economic_Rim" title="Bohai Economic Rim">Bohai Economic Rim</a>. </p><p>Shenhe District is the site of the <a href="/wiki/Mukden_Palace" title="Mukden Palace">Mukden Palace</a>, just south of the Central Temple. It is also the site of <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zuolin" title="Zhang Zuolin">Zhang Zuolin</a>'s former home and headquarters, Shengjing Ancient Cultural Street. In the western Shenhe District there is a <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> town, and the South Pagoda (<span lang="zh">南塔</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Nán tǎ</span></i>) is located in southern Shenhe District. There are a lot of high-end hotels located in Shenhe District, such as <a href="/wiki/Sheraton_Hotels_and_Resorts" title="Sheraton Hotels and Resorts">Sheraton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kempinski" title="Kempinski">Kempinski</a>, Lexington, <a href="/wiki/Marriott_Hotels_%26_Resorts" title="Marriott Hotels & Resorts">Marriott</a> (which is the first Marriott Hotel directly named "Marriott" in <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a>, but due to finance conflicts is not administered by <a href="/wiki/Marriott_International" title="Marriott International">Marriott International</a>). The major thoroughfare of <b>Youths Avenue</b> (<span lang="zh">青年大街</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Qīngnián Dà Jiē</span></i>), the city's primary north–south <a href="/wiki/Arterial_road" title="Arterial road">arterial road</a> that traverses past the <b>City Government Square</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">市府广场</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shìfǔ Guǎngchǎng</span></i>) at the modern center of the city linking <a href="/wiki/Beiling_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Beiling Park">Beiling Park</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Taoxian_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Taoxian Airport">Taoxian Airport</a>, separates the southern portion of Shenhe District from the neighbouring southern Heping District. The iconic 305.5 m (1,002 ft) <a href="/wiki/Liaoning_Broadcast_and_TV_Tower" title="Liaoning Broadcast and TV Tower">Liaoning Broadcast and TV Tower</a> is situated alongside this avenue. </p><p>Shenhe District is also home to Northeast China's main <a href="/wiki/Railway_hub" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway hub">railway hub</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_North_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenyang North Railway Station">Shenyang North Railway Station</a> (locally known as the "North Station"). The railways leading to the station forms the border between Shenhe District and the neighbouring eastern portion of Huanggu District. The station building has recently <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (November 2016)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> undergone a major overhaul and extension. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Heping_District">Heping District</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Heping District"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mao_Statue_at_Zhong_Shan_Guang_Chang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Mao_Statue_at_Zhong_Shan_Guang_Chang.jpg/170px-Mao_Statue_at_Zhong_Shan_Guang_Chang.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Mao_Statue_at_Zhong_Shan_Guang_Chang.jpg/255px-Mao_Statue_at_Zhong_Shan_Guang_Chang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Mao_Statue_at_Zhong_Shan_Guang_Chang.jpg/340px-Mao_Statue_at_Zhong_Shan_Guang_Chang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Long_Live_the_Victory_of_Mao_Tse-Tung_Thought_(Shenyang)" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Live the Victory of Mao Tse-Tung Thought (Shenyang)">Chairman Mao statue</a> at Zhongshan Square</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northeastern_University_in_Heping_District.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Northeastern_University_in_Heping_District.jpg/220px-Northeastern_University_in_Heping_District.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Northeastern_University_in_Heping_District.jpg/330px-Northeastern_University_in_Heping_District.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Northeastern_University_in_Heping_District.jpg/440px-Northeastern_University_in_Heping_District.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3720" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Northeastern University (China) in Heping District, Shenyang</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Heping District</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">和平区</span>; 'peace district') is located in the <a href="/wiki/Downtown" title="Downtown">downtown</a> of Shenyang, bordered Shenhe District. It is currently the most developed district in Shenyang. It has an area of 59 km<sup>2</sup> (23 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-sysinet.gov.cn_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sysinet.gov.cn-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a population of 645,399 (2014).<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heping District has all manner of commercial businesses that are brightly <a href="/wiki/Neon_light" class="mw-redirect" title="Neon light">neon</a>-lit at night, centered around <b>Taiyuan Street</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">太原街</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Taìyuán Jīe</span></i>), one of the most famous shopping district in the Northeast. The <a href="/wiki/Project_985" title="Project 985">Project 985</a> university, <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University_(China)" title="Northeastern University (China)">Northestern University</a>, is also located in Heping District. </p><p>The district, better known as the downtown, sprung up around <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenyang Railway Station">Shenyang Railway Station</a> (known locally as the "South Station" in contrast to the "North Station" in Shenhe District), the former hub of the <a href="/wiki/South_Manchurian_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="South Manchurian Railway">South Manchurian Railway</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> At the center of the district is <b>Zhongshan Square</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">中山广场</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Zhōngshān Guǎngchǎng</span></i>), which features <a href="/wiki/Long_Live_the_Victory_of_Mao_Tse-Tung_Thought_(Shenyang)" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Live the Victory of Mao Tse-Tung Thought (Shenyang)">one of China's largest statues of Chairman Mao</a>—a record of the era of the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a>. Northwest of Zhongshan Square lies the <a href="/wiki/Xita_(Shenyang)" class="mw-redirect" title="Xita (Shenyang)">West Pagoda</a> Korean Neighborhood or <a href="/wiki/Koreatown" title="Koreatown">Koreatown</a>. Many of the boulevards in this area are lined of very large <a href="/wiki/Ginkgo" title="Ginkgo">ginkgo</a> trees, which become golden in color and produce their distinctive fruits in autumn.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Heping District is also the core area for many political institutions in the Northeast, including <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of China">CPC</a> Liaoning Provincial Committee, headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Theater_Command" title="Northern Theater Command">Northern Theater Command</a> (previously the <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Military_Region" title="Shenyang Military Region">Shenyang Military Region</a>), <a href="/wiki/General_Logistics_Department" title="General Logistics Department">General Logistics Department</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Consulate" title="Consulate">consulates-general</a> of the United States, Japan. South Korea, North Korea and other countries. Northeast Electricity, <a href="/wiki/China_Post" title="China Post">China Post</a>, railways, other such industrial hubs and many media outlets such as <a href="/wiki/Liaoning_Television" title="Liaoning Television">Liaoning Radio and Television</a>, Shenyang Radio and Television and <i>Shenyang Daily</i> newspaper are also located in this district. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dadong_District">Dadong District</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Dadong District"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>Dadong District</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">大东区</span>; 'great east district') is an industrial zone and used to be the largest of the inner city districts. Its name derives from the fact that the district started off as the residential area immediately outside the old inner city wall's Fujin Gate (<span lang="zh-Hant">撫近門</span>), which is also called Great East Gate (<span lang="zh-Hant">大東門</span>). It has an area of 100 km<sup>2</sup> (39 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-sysinet.gov.cn_75-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sysinet.gov.cn-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a population of 689,576 (2014).<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_76-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The district contains popular tourist landmarks such as the <a href="/wiki/Mukden_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukden Incident">9.18</a> Historical Museum, the North and East Pagodas, Bawang Temple and the Wanquan Park. The oldest airfield in Shenyang, the now-defunct East Pagoda Airport, is also located in Dadong District. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Huanggu_District">Huanggu District</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Huanggu District"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BeilingTripleDecker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/BeilingTripleDecker.jpg/170px-BeilingTripleDecker.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/BeilingTripleDecker.jpg/255px-BeilingTripleDecker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/BeilingTripleDecker.jpg/340px-BeilingTripleDecker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="372" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>: <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Mausoleum_(Qing_dynasty)" title="Zhao Mausoleum (Qing dynasty)">Zhao Mausoleum</a> (Beiling park)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Huanggu District</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">皇姑区</span>; 'royal aunt district') is named after <a href="/wiki/Huanggutun_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Huanggutun Railway Station">Huanggutun</a> ("tun" means village), where the <a href="/wiki/Huanggutun_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Huanggutun Incident">Huanggutun Incident</a> took place. The name is actually a mis-transliteration of the pronunciation for <i>Fiyanggū</i> (<a href="/wiki/Manchu_language" title="Manchu language">Manchu</a>: <span title="Manchu-language text"><span lang="mnc" style="font-style: normal;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mnc" class="font-mong-mnc" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.25em; font-family:'Mongolian Baiti', 'Mongol Universal White', 'Noto Sans Mongolian', 'Abkai Xanyan', 'Abkai Xanyan LA', 'Abkai Xanyan VT', 'Abkai Xanyan XX', 'Abkai Xanyan SC', 'Abkai Buleku', 'Daicing White', 'Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig', 'Oyun Qagan Tig', 'Oyun Garqag Tig', 'Oyun Har_a Tig', 'Oyun Scnin Tig', 'Mongolian BT'; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᡶᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᡡ</span></span></span>, Chinese: <span lang="zh-Hant">費揚武</span>, 1605–1643), the Manchu <a href="/wiki/Prince_Zheng" title="Prince Zheng">Prince Jian of the First Rank</a> whose tomb was in the area. It has an area of 66 km<sup>2</sup> (25 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-sysinet.gov.cn_75-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sysinet.gov.cn-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a population of 817,288 (2014).<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_76-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The district is the site of <a href="/wiki/Beiling_park" class="mw-redirect" title="Beiling park">Beiling park</a>, the large historical mausoleum of <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> emperor <a href="/wiki/Huang_Taiji" class="mw-redirect" title="Huang Taiji">Huang Taiji</a>, as well as the Liaoning Mansion Hotel. It also hosts the seat of the Provincial Government of Liaoning. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tiexi_District">Tiexi District</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Tiexi District"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>Tiexi District</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">铁西区</span>; 'railway's west district') is the most populous district and makes up the western part of the inner city, west of the <a href="/wiki/South_Manchurian_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="South Manchurian Railway">South Manchurian Railway</a> (hence the district's name) and south of the <a href="/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Harbin_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing–Harbin Railway">Jingshen Railway</a>, and is famous for its <a href="/wiki/Heavy_industry" title="Heavy industry">heavy industry</a>. This mixed-use district also contains large blocks of residential complexes, so as well as strips of small to medium-sized shopping districts. It previously had only an area of 39 km<sup>2</sup> (15 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a population of 764,419.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2002, the Shenyang city government annexed a large area of suburban land from the neighbouring Yuhong District to establish a new state-level development zone—the Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳经济技术开发区</span></span>), and transferred its administration to Tiexi District to form the <b>Tiexi New District</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">铁西新区</span></span>), thus giving Tiexi District the current "necked" shape on the map. The new Tiexi District now has a population of 907,091 (2014),<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_76-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a total area of 286 km<sup>2</sup> (110 sq mi),<sup id="cite_ref-sysinet.gov.cn_75-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sysinet.gov.cn-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and enjoys the same administrative rank as a municipality (Administrative Committee of Shenyang). </p><p>The district is featured in a 9-hour epic documentary film <i><a href="/wiki/Tie_Xi_Qu:_West_of_the_Tracks" title="Tie Xi Qu: West of the Tracks">West of the Tracks</a></i> by a young filmmaker Wang Bing. It shows the transition in this <a href="/wiki/Rust_belt" class="mw-redirect" title="Rust belt">rust belt</a> district—a <a href="/wiki/Palimpsest" title="Palimpsest">palimpsest</a> of not only Chinese but also world history. The first factories of this place were built in 1934 by the Japanese to produce war goods for the Imperial Army and nationalized after World War II. As late as the early 1980s, the factories here employed about one million workers, but all of them went jobless in the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hunnan_District">Hunnan District</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Hunnan District"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shenyang_Dongling.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Shenyang_Dongling.jpg/220px-Shenyang_Dongling.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Shenyang_Dongling.jpg/330px-Shenyang_Dongling.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Shenyang_Dongling.jpg/440px-Shenyang_Dongling.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2880" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fuling_Tomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuling Tomb">Fuling Tomb</a> (Dongling Park)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Hunnan District</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">浑南区</span>; 'South of Hun River'), was formerly called the <b>Dongling District</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">东陵区</span>; '<a href="/wiki/Fuling_Tomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuling Tomb">East Mausoleum</a> district') before June 17, 2014, referring to the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>-listed tombs dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Nurhachi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nurhachi">Nurhachi</a>, the founder of <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Later Jin</a>, and his empress <a href="/wiki/Empress_Xiaocigao_(Qing_dynasty)" title="Empress Xiaocigao (Qing dynasty)">Monggo-Jerjer</a>. The large suburban district is located on the east and southeast side of urban Shenyang, with most of its territory south of the Hun River, hence its current name. It has an area of 734 km<sup>2</sup> (283 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-sysinet.gov.cn_75-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sysinet.gov.cn-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a population of 324,074 (2014).<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_76-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Shenyang municipal government moved to Hunnan District on 13 October 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-State_Council_govt_move_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State_Council_govt_move-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Shenyang Botanical Garden and the Shenyang International Expo Garden (which hosted the <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_China_International_Horticultural_Exposition_2006" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenyang China International Horticultural Exposition 2006">2006 International Horticultural Exposition</a>) are also located in this district. </p><p>Hunnan District hosts the city's only operational commercial airport, the <a href="/wiki/Taoxian_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Taoxian International Airport">Taoxian International Airport</a>, and is rapidly becoming high-end residential areas with luxury apartments, fine neighbourhoods and commercial developments,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> as Hunnan becomes the new center of Shenyang steadily with the new government being developed there.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The district is traversed by two corridors along two major highways, one leading to the Eastern Mausoleum and the neighbouring city of <a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a>, and the other leading to the airport. </p><p>Launched in 1988 as the Shenyang National New and High-Tech Industrial Development Zone and elevated to a national-level zone in 1991<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, the Hunnan New Area (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">浑南新区</span></span>) focuses on electronic and information technology products such as software, computers, network systems, communication equipment and audio/visual equipment; advanced manufacturing technologies, especially for automobiles, medical equipment; advanced materials and biological and pharmaceutical products.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Foreign companies such as the <a href="/wiki/General_Electric_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="General Electric Co.">General Electric Co.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyco_International" title="Tyco International">Tyco International</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitsubishi Group">Mitsubishi Group</a> operate in the zone.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sujiatun_District">Sujiatun District</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sujiatun District"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>Sujiatun District</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">苏家屯区</span>; '<a href="/wiki/Su_(surname)" title="Su (surname)">Su</a> family village district') forms the southernmost part of the suburbs, located 15 km (9 mi) away from central Shenyang. The 2014 registered population of Sujiatun is 428,859.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_76-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it has an area of 782 km<sup>2</sup> (302 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-sysinet.gov.cn_75-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sysinet.gov.cn-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sujiatun is known mostly for its agricultural and industrial activity. It borders the districts of Yuhong and Heping to the north, Dongling to the northeast, Tiexi to the northwest; it also borders the <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefecture-level cities">prefecture-level cities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a> to the southeast, and <a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a> to the southwest. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shenbei_New_District">Shenbei New District</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Shenbei New District"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>Shenbei New District</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">沈北新区</span>; 'Shenyang's north new district'), formerly <b>Xinchengzi District</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">新城子区</span>; 'new town district'), is a new development zone and forms the majority of the northern suburbs. It has an area of 884 km<sup>2</sup> (341 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-sysinet.gov.cn_75-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sysinet.gov.cn-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a population of 320,370 (2014).<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_76-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It borders Hunnan District to the southeast, Dadong and Huanggu Districts to the south, Yuhong District to the southwest, <a href="/wiki/Xinmin_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinmin City">Xinmin City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Faku_County" title="Faku County">Faku County</a> to the northwest; it also borders the prefecture-level cities of <a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a> to the northeast and <a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a> to the southeast. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Yuhong_District">Yuhong District</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Yuhong District"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>Yuhong District</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">于洪区</span>; '<a href="/wiki/Yu_(surname_%E4%BA%8E)" title="Yu (surname 于)">Yu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hong_(surname)" title="Hong (surname)">Hong</a> district') forms part of the northwestern and western suburbs. It has an area of 499 km<sup>2</sup> (193 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-sysinet.gov.cn_75-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sysinet.gov.cn-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a population of 435,333 (2014).<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_76-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It borders Shenbei New District to the northeast, Huanggu District to the east, Tiexi District to the south, and <a href="/wiki/Xinmin_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinmin City">Xinmin City</a> to the west. <a href="/wiki/China_Resources_Beverage" title="China Resources Beverage">China Resources Beverage</a>, the distributor of C'estbon Water, has its Northeast regional office in the district. </p><p>The large southwestern part of the neighbouring Tiexi District also used to belong to Yuhong District, but in May 2002, the southwestern part of Yuhong District was ceded on order of the city government to establish the Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone, and the administration of the region was later transferred to Tiexi District instead. This annexation of land left an <a href="/wiki/Exclave" class="mw-redirect" title="Exclave">exclave</a> territory lying between Tiexi District, Heping District and Sujiatun District, separated from the main body of Yuhong District, hence making the Tiexi District flanked at the "neck" by the two parts of Yuhong. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Liaozhong_District">Liaozhong District</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Liaozhong District"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>Liaozhong District</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">辽中区</span>; 'Liaoning's center district', referring to its central location within the province) is the newest and largest suburban district. Formerly the <b>Liaozhong County</b> ([辽中县] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Lang}}: invalid parameter: |labels= (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</span>), its rural county status was made defunct in January 2016, and formally instated as a suburban city district on April 11, 2016. It lies 67 km (42 mi) southwest of downtown Shenyang, near the intersection of G1 Beijing–Harbin Expressway and G91 Liaozhong Ring Expressway. As of 2014<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, it had a population of 532,900<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_76-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> residing in an area of 1,645 km<sup>2</sup> (635 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-sysinet.gov.cn_75-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sysinet.gov.cn-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the most southwestern part of Shenyang City, bordering Xinmin City to the north, and Tiexi District to the northeast, as well as the prefecture-level cities of <a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a> to the southeast, <a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a> to the south and southwest, and <a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a> to the west. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rural_counties">Rural counties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Rural counties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kangping_County">Kangping County</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Kangping County"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Shenyang" title="Special:EditPage/Shenyang">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Kangping County</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">康平县</span>; 'prosperous and peaceful county') is the northernmost and most remote part of the Greater Shenyang area, and has an area of 2,167 km<sup>2</sup> (837 sq mi) with a population of 352,434 (2014). It was historically first established in 1880 under the blessing of the <a href="/wiki/Guangxu_Emperor" title="Guangxu Emperor">Guangxu Emperor</a>, hence the name. The county borders the <a href="/wiki/Faku_County" title="Faku County">Faku County</a> to the south, the <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefecture-level cities">prefecture-level cities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a> to the southwest and <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Tongliao" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a> to the north. The county is mostly agricultural, with majority of its GDP coming from crop and fruit planting. However, in recent years the <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_fabric" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic fabric">synthetic fabric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbon_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon fiber">carbon fiber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alternative_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative energy">alternative energy</a> industries begin to take hold in Kangping. The county currently has the third largest <a href="/wiki/Wind_farm" title="Wind farm">wind farm</a> in the whole province. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Pagoda_(Xi_Ta)_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/West_Pagoda_%28Xi_Ta%29_Street.jpg/220px-West_Pagoda_%28Xi_Ta%29_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/West_Pagoda_%28Xi_Ta%29_Street.jpg/330px-West_Pagoda_%28Xi_Ta%29_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/West_Pagoda_%28Xi_Ta%29_Street.jpg/440px-West_Pagoda_%28Xi_Ta%29_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3246" data-file-height="2164" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Xita" title="Xita">Xita</a>, world's 2nd largest <a href="/wiki/Koreatown" title="Koreatown">Koreatown</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Shenyang has a population of 8.1 million and its urban population is 5.74 million. Ethnically and culturally diverse, Shenyang has 38 of China's 56 recognized <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups">ethnic groups</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> majority that make up 91.26 percent of Shenyang's population. The 37 minority groups are <a href="/wiki/Manchu" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchu">Manchu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Koreans_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic Koreans in China">Korean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xibe_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Xibe people">Xibo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Mongols_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic Mongols in China">Mongolian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhuang_people" title="Zhuang people">Zhuang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miao_people" title="Miao people">Miao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tujia_people" title="Tujia people">Tujia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dong_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Dong people">Dong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daur_people" title="Daur people">Daur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bai_people" title="Bai people">Bai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Uyghur people">Uyghur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yi_people" title="Yi people">Yi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_aborigines" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese aborigines">Taiwanese Aboriginal People</a>, <a href="/wiki/She_people" title="She people">She</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bouyei_people" title="Bouyei people">Bouyei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yao_people" title="Yao people">Yao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akha_people" title="Akha people">Akha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dai_people" title="Dai people">Dai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Li_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Li people">Li</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shui_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Shui people">Shui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nakhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakhi">Nakhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jingpo_people" title="Jingpo people">Jingpo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tu_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tu people">Tu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mulao_people" title="Mulao people">Mulao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qiang_people" title="Qiang people">Qiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maonan_people" title="Maonan people">Maonan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gelao_people" title="Gelao people">Gelao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Russians_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic Russians in China">Russian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evenks" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenks">Evenks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oroqen_people" title="Oroqen people">Oroqen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nani_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Nani people">Nanai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lhoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhoba">Lhoba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of these groups are not native to the Shenyang area; a few, such as the Manchus and the Xibe, are. </p><p>Shenyang has numerous <a href="/wiki/Temple" title="Temple">temples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosques</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">churches</a> and other religious <a href="/wiki/Places_of_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Places of worship">places of worship</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shenyang_Zhongjie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Shenyang_Zhongjie.jpg/220px-Shenyang_Zhongjie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Shenyang_Zhongjie.jpg/330px-Shenyang_Zhongjie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Shenyang_Zhongjie.jpg/440px-Shenyang_Zhongjie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The arch entrance of <a href="/wiki/Zhongjie" title="Zhongjie">Middle Street</a> (Zhongjie), a 3.5 km-long <a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_zone" title="Pedestrian zone">pedestrian</a> <a href="/wiki/Shopping_mall" title="Shopping mall">shopping strip</a> in central Shenyang beside <a href="/wiki/Mukden_Palace" title="Mukden Palace">Mukden Palace</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is the longest shopping street in China.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Shenyang is an important industrial center in China and is the core city of the Shenyang Economic Zone, a New Special Reform Zone. It has been focused on heavy industry, particularly aerospace, machine tools, heavy equipment and defence, and recently on software, automotive and electronics.<sup id="cite_ref-nfc_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nfc-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The heavy industry started in the 1920s and was well developed before the second world war.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-八大厂_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-八大厂-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the first five-year plan (1951–1956) many factories were built in Tiexi district.<sup id="cite_ref-第一个五年计划_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-第一个五年计划-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At its peak in the 1970s, Shenyang was one of the top three industrial centers in China alongside <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a>, and was at one time being considered for upgrading to a <a href="/wiki/Direct-controlled_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-controlled municipalities of China">direct-controlled municipality</a>. However, as the <a href="/wiki/Planned_economy" title="Planned economy">planned economy</a> fell out of favor after the 1980s, the heavy industry had declined gradually and the city became a <a href="/wiki/Rust_belt" class="mw-redirect" title="Rust belt">rust belt</a> city, with hundreds of thousands of people <a href="/wiki/Laid_off" class="mw-redirect" title="Laid off">laid off</a> from bankrupted state-owned factories.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-沈阳铁西：新型工业化引领发展_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-沈阳铁西：新型工业化引领发展-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, the economy of the city has revived significantly in recent years, thanks to the <a href="/wiki/Central_People%27s_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Central People's Government">central government</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Revitalize_Northeast_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Revitalize Northeast China">Revitalize Northeast China</a>" campaign and the rapid development of software and auto manufacture industries.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Investment subsidies are granted to <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational corporations</a> (MNCs) that set up offices or headquarters in Shenyang.<sup id="cite_ref-Critical_Eye_on_Shenyang_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Critical_Eye_on_Shenyang-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The services sector—especially banking—has been developing in Shenyang. Shenyang has several foreign banks, such as South Korea's <a href="/wiki/Hana_Financial_Group" title="Hana Financial Group">Hana Bank</a>, Japan's <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Tokyo-Mitsubishi_UFJ" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ">Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ</a>, Hong Kong's <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_East_Asia" title="Bank of East Asia">Bank of East Asia</a>, Singapore's <a href="/wiki/United_Overseas_Bank" title="United Overseas Bank">United Overseas Bank</a> and the Britain-based <a href="/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC">HSBC</a>. In 2006, the city hosted a total of 1,063 banks and bank branches and 144 insurance-related companies. By 2010, it aims to attract 30 foreign banks and 60 <a href="/wiki/Non-bank_financial_institution" title="Non-bank financial institution">non-bank financial institutions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Critical_Eye_on_Shenyang_73-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Critical_Eye_on_Shenyang-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (April 2014)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The city has been identified by the <a href="/wiki/Economist_Intelligence_Unit" title="Economist Intelligence Unit">Economist Intelligence Unit</a> in the November 2010 Access China White Paper as a member of the <a href="/wiki/CHAMPS_(China)" title="CHAMPS (China)">CHAMPS</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing"><b>C</b>hongqing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei"><b>H</b>efei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anshan,_Liaoning" class="mw-redirect" title="Anshan, Liaoning"><b>A</b>nshan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maanshan" class="mw-redirect" title="Maanshan"><b>M</b>aanshan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan"><b>P</b>ingdingshan</a> and <b>S</b>henyang), an economic profile of the top 20 emerging cities in China.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shenyang has three development zones: </p> <ul><li>Shenyang Finance and Trade Development Zone</li> <li>Shenyang High-Tech Industrial Development Zone</li> <li>Shenyang Economic & Technological Development Zone</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Development_zones_of_Shenyang" class="mw-redirect" title="Development zones of Shenyang">Development zones of Shenyang</a></div> <p>Numerous major industrial companies have their headquarters in Shenyang. <a href="/wiki/Brilliance_Auto" class="mw-redirect" title="Brilliance Auto">Brilliance Auto</a> is a major Chinese automobile manufacturer, and most of its production plants are also located in Shenyang.<sup id="cite_ref-沈经济总量_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-沈经济总量-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Aircraft_Corporation" title="Shenyang Aircraft Corporation">Shenyang Aircraft Corporation</a> produces airplanes for civilian use as well as for the <a href="/wiki/PLAAF" class="mw-redirect" title="PLAAF">PLAAF</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-沈飞航空_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-沈飞航空-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Neusoft_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Neusoft Group">Neusoft Group</a> is the biggest software company in China.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shenyang Machine Tool Group is the largest <a href="/wiki/Machine_tool" title="Machine tool">machine tool</a> manufacturer in China.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tyco_International" title="Tyco International">Tyco International</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michelin" title="Michelin">Michelin</a> Shenyang Tyre Corporation are expanding their operations in Shenyang.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/GDP_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP per capita">GDP per capita</a> of the city of Shenyang is 78,490 yuan in 2009 (ranked 3rd out of all 58 cities and counties in Liaoning province).<sup id="cite_ref-GDP_of_cities_and_counties_in_Liaoning_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDP_of_cities_and_counties_in_Liaoning-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the <a href="/wiki/Transport_hub" title="Transport hub">transport hub</a> of Northeast China, Shenyang is served by air, rail, a currently Five-line subway system and an extensive network of streets and expressways, with bus services throughout the city.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Terminal 3 at <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Taoxian_International_Airport" title="Shenyang Taoxian International Airport">Shenyang Taoxian International Airport</a> is the largest terminal in the northeast China.<sup id="cite_ref-东北地区最大航站楼启用(组图)_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-东北地区最大航站楼启用(组图)-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new tram network system was built in the city's south in 2013. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CRH5-001A_in_Beijing_Railway_Station_20090728.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/CRH5-001A_in_Beijing_Railway_Station_20090728.jpg/220px-CRH5-001A_in_Beijing_Railway_Station_20090728.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/CRH5-001A_in_Beijing_Railway_Station_20090728.jpg/330px-CRH5-001A_in_Beijing_Railway_Station_20090728.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/CRH5-001A_in_Beijing_Railway_Station_20090728.jpg/440px-CRH5-001A_in_Beijing_Railway_Station_20090728.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/China_Railways_CRH5" class="mw-redirect" title="China Railways CRH5">CRH5-001A</a> <a href="/wiki/Electric_multiple_unit" title="Electric multiple unit">EMU</a> serving the <a href="/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Shenyang_high-speed_railway" title="Beijing–Shenyang high-speed railway">Beijing–Shenyang high-speed railway</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Shenyang is the <a href="/wiki/Railway_hub" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway hub">railway hub</a> of <a href="/wiki/Northeast_China" title="Northeast China">Northeast China</a>. Eight railways connect Shenyang with <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a>. The city is also served by the <a href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao%E2%80%93Shenyang_high-speed_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Qinhuangdao–Shenyang high-speed railway">Qinhuangdao–Shenyang high-speed railway</a>, the main passenger transport corridor in and out across the <a href="/wiki/Shanhai_Pass" title="Shanhai Pass">Shanhai Pass</a>, and the first passenger-specific railway line in China. In early 2007, a 200 km/h (120 mph) high-speed train decreased travel time between <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> and Shenyang by almost three-fold to around 4 hours. The <a href="/wiki/Harbin%E2%80%93Dalian_high-speed_railway" title="Harbin–Dalian high-speed railway">Harbin–Dalian high-speed railway</a> opened in late 2012 and connects Shenyang with other major cities in Northeast China such as <a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a> at speeds of up to 300 km/h (190 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shenyang has two major railway stations: the <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_North_railway_station" title="Shenyang North railway station">Shenyang North railway station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shenhe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenhe District">Shenhe District</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_railway_station" title="Shenyang railway station">Shenyang railway station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Heping_District,_Shenyang" class="mw-redirect" title="Heping District, Shenyang">Heping District</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%8C%97%E7%AB%99%E5%8D%97%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA%E9%80%90%E6%97%A5%E9%9B%95%E5%A1%91.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%8C%97%E7%AB%99%E5%8D%97%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA%E9%80%90%E6%97%A5%E9%9B%95%E5%A1%91.jpg/220px-%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%8C%97%E7%AB%99%E5%8D%97%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA%E9%80%90%E6%97%A5%E9%9B%95%E5%A1%91.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%8C%97%E7%AB%99%E5%8D%97%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA%E9%80%90%E6%97%A5%E9%9B%95%E5%A1%91.jpg/330px-%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%8C%97%E7%AB%99%E5%8D%97%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA%E9%80%90%E6%97%A5%E9%9B%95%E5%A1%91.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%8C%97%E7%AB%99%E5%8D%97%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA%E9%80%90%E6%97%A5%E9%9B%95%E5%A1%91.jpg/440px-%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%8C%97%E7%AB%99%E5%8D%97%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA%E9%80%90%E6%97%A5%E9%9B%95%E5%A1%91.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Shenyangbei Railway Station</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liaoning_Station_before_1949.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Liaoning_Station_before_1949.jpeg/220px-Liaoning_Station_before_1949.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Liaoning_Station_before_1949.jpeg/330px-Liaoning_Station_before_1949.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Liaoning_Station_before_1949.jpeg/440px-Liaoning_Station_before_1949.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>The old Liaoning General Station</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Shenyang North Railway Station</b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳北站</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shěnyáng Běi Zhàn</span></i>) was formerly the <b>Liaoning General Station</b> (<span lang="zh-Hant">遼寧總站</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Liáoníng Zǒngzhàn</span></i>) before 1946, and colloquially known as the "Old North Station". The original station building (now an <a href="/wiki/Major_Historical_and_Cultural_Site_Protected_at_the_National_Level" class="mw-redirect" title="Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level">MHCSPNL</a>-listed heritage building), initially named the <b>Fengtian City Station</b> (<span lang="zh-Hant">奉天城站</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Fèngtīan Chéng Zhàn</span></i>) at the time of completion, was built in 1927 at the terminal point of <a href="/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Harbin_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing–Harbin Railway">Jingfeng Railway</a>, about 1 km (0.62 mi) southwest of the current station site, on the orders of warlord <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zuolin" title="Zhang Zuolin">Zhang Zuolin</a> to compete with the then Japanese-administered Shenyang Railway Station. The Main Station Building (<span lang="zh">主站房</span>) of the current "New North Station" began construction in 1986 and was commissioned for operation in December 1990, and became one of the five most important railway hubs in China, earning itself the nickname "<b>Northeast's No. 1 Station</b>" (<span lang="zh-Hans">东北第一站</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-hscb_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hscb-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, a huge expansion project known as the "North Station Transport Hub Reconstruction Project" (<span lang="zh-Hans">北站交通枢纽改造工程</span>) was initiated in response to the growing demand of floor area posed by the increasing passenger traffic after introduction of the <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_China" title="High-speed rail in China">high-speed rail</a> service. The station now has an additional 3-storey "Sub-Station Building" (<span lang="zh-Hans">子站房</span>) and a "North Square" (<span lang="zh-Hans">北广场</span>) on the northern (Huanggu District) side of the railways, while the old waiting lounge in the original 16-storey Main Station Building is now relocated to a large elevated concourse that bridges over the rail tracks, with a pillar-less roof (the largest in mainland China) doming the platforms. The original South Square (<span lang="zh-Hans">南广场</span>) outside the Main Station Building was rebuilt into a multi-levelled complex, with two above ground forming an elevated airport-style drop-off zone and a large ground-level area for bus stops, as well as a three-level underground city providing shopping malls, parking lots, taxi pick-up and interchange with <a href="/wiki/Line_2,_Shenyang_Metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Line 2, Shenyang Metro">Subway Line 2</a>, while also capable of rapid conversion into an <a href="/wiki/Air_raid_shelter" title="Air raid shelter">air raid shelter</a> if needed. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shenyang_Railway_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Shenyang_Railway_Station.jpg/220px-Shenyang_Railway_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Shenyang_Railway_Station.jpg/330px-Shenyang_Railway_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Shenyang_Railway_Station.jpg/440px-Shenyang_Railway_Station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="569" /></a><figcaption>Shenyang Railway Station</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Shenyang Railway Station</b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳站</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shěnyáng Zhàn</span></i>) has a history of more than 100 years. It was built by the Russians in 1899 on the eastern side of the <a href="/wiki/South_Manchurian_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="South Manchurian Railway">South Manchurian Railway</a> and was named the <b>Fengtian Station</b> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">奉天站</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Fèngtiān Zhàn</span></i>) at the time. It was later expanded by the Japanese after the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a> and renamed to <b>Fengtian <a href="/wiki/Yam_(route)" title="Yam (route)">Yam</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">奉天驛</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Fèngtiān Yì</span></i>) until the end of the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Before adopting its current name, the station was known as the <b>Shenyang South Railway Station</b> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">瀋陽南站</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shěnyáng Nán Zhàn</span></i>) or simply the "South Station" (in contrast to the forementioned "North Station") between 1945 and 1950, a name the locals still use colloquially to present days (though the current <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_South_railway_station" title="Shenyang South railway station">Shenyang South railway station</a> is actually at the suburban junction between <a href="/wiki/Hunnan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunnan">Hunnan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sujiatun" class="mw-redirect" title="Sujiatun">Sujiatun</a>). Today, the station focuses on regular-speed passenger service and is being refurbished with a large archway and new terminal, reducing access to the boarding platforms by rerouting customers under and over ground while construction is completed. The station was expanded in 2010 with the addition of a new West Station Building (<span lang="zh-Hans">西站房</span>) and a West Square (<span lang="zh-Hans">西广场</span>) on the western side of the railways.<sup id="cite_ref-沈阳站西_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-沈阳站西-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The old East Station Building (<span lang="zh-Hans">东站房</span>) is currently on the provincial protected heritage list. </p><p>Since 2011, a daily direct <a href="/wiki/Rail_freight_transport" title="Rail freight transport">container rail service</a> has carried automotive parts 11,000 km (6,800 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Leipzig,_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Leipzig, Germany">Leipzig, Germany</a> to Shenyang through <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> with a 23-day transit time.<sup id="cite_ref-siberia_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siberia-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ShenyangDistrictAndLandmark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/ShenyangDistrictAndLandmark.jpg/220px-ShenyangDistrictAndLandmark.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/ShenyangDistrictAndLandmark.jpg/330px-ShenyangDistrictAndLandmark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/ShenyangDistrictAndLandmark.jpg/440px-ShenyangDistrictAndLandmark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="740" /></a><figcaption>Shenyang's districts, landmarks and major roads</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a> era, the initial road transportation network was laid out, as is now in the central districts of Shenyang.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The city follows a largely <a href="/wiki/Grid_plan" title="Grid plan">grid</a>-style urban layout, with the roads follow a slightly tilted northwest-to-southeast orientation due to the <a href="/wiki/South_Manchurian_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="South Manchurian Railway">South Manchurian Railway</a>, which runs perpendicular to that direction. The streets in Shenyang are almost always named according to a routine convention — one that runs more in the north–south direction is called a "street" (<span lang="zh-Hans">街</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Jīe</span></i>) or "avenue" (<span lang="zh-Hans">大街</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Dà Jīe</span></i>; 'big street'), and one that runs more east–west are call a "road" (<span lang="zh-Hans">路</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Lù</span></i>) or "boulevard" (<span lang="zh-Hans">大道</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Dà Dào</span></i>; 'big path'). The only exceptions to this rule are the east–west Middle Street in <a href="/wiki/Shenhe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenhe District">Shenhe District</a>, which takes its historical name from ancient times (though its modern official name is actually the "<a href="/wiki/Zhongjie" title="Zhongjie">Middle Street Road</a>"); and the north–south Minzhu Road (<span lang="zh-Hans">民主路</span>) in <a href="/wiki/Heping_District,_Shenyang" class="mw-redirect" title="Heping District, Shenyang">Heping District</a> that traverses diagonally across the <a href="/wiki/City_block#Superblock" title="City block">superblock</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenyang Railway Station">Shenyang Railway Station</a> and the Zhongshan Park, but as one of the only three diagonal streets in the entire city it is accommodated as a "road" instead of "street" in keeping with the other two diagonal counterparts that run east–west. </p><p>In addition to the grid streets, Shenyang also was developing several <a href="/wiki/Ring_road" title="Ring road">ring road</a> systems, going back as early as the "Fengtian City Plan" (<span lang="zh-Hant">奉天都邑計劃</span>) proposed by the Japanese-controlled <a href="/wiki/Puppet_state" title="Puppet state">puppet</a> <a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a> government in 1932.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Outside of the (now demolished) city walls, the city initially planned three <a href="/wiki/Beltway" class="mw-redirect" title="Beltway">beltways</a>, namely the "inner ring", "middle ring" and "outer ring" roads. Gradually with urban development, the inner ring idea faded away into the inner city grids, but the middle ring concept was retained and later transformed into the nowadays <b>1st Ring Road</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">一环路</span>, officially called the "Middle Ring Road" until 1995), and the outer ring morphed roughly into parts of the present day <b>2nd Ring Road</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">二环路</span>). The <b>3rd Ring Road</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">三环路</span>) was completed in 1995, and in 2013 was upgraded into an 8-lane, 82 km (51 mi) freeway—the G15<sub>01</sub> <a href="/wiki/G1501_Shenyang_Ring_Expressway" title="G1501 Shenyang Ring Expressway">Shenyang Ring Expressway</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳绕城高速公路</span></span>). The 10-lane, 132 km (82 mi) <b>4th Ring Road</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">四环路</span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Limited-access_highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Limited-access highway">limited-access highway</a> about 8 km (5.0 mi) out from the 3rd Ring, completed in 2013. The planned 6-lane, 198 km (123 mi) <b>5th Ring Road</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">五环路</span>) and the proposed 399 km (248 mi) <b>6th Ring Road</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">六环路</span>), also known as the <a href="/wiki/G91_Liaozhong_Ring_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="G91 Liaozhong Ring Expressway">G91 Liaozhong Ring Expressway</a> (<span lang="zh-Hans">辽中环线高速公路</span>), are both currently under construction. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jingshen_Expwy_Jul2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Jingshen_Expwy_Jul2004.jpg/220px-Jingshen_Expwy_Jul2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Jingshen_Expwy_Jul2004.jpg/330px-Jingshen_Expwy_Jul2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Jingshen_Expwy_Jul2004.jpg/440px-Jingshen_Expwy_Jul2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>G1 Beijing-Harbin Expressway, Shenyang segment</figcaption></figure> <p>Shenyang is connected to the other regions by several major expressways in radial pattern. The <a href="/wiki/Shenyang%E2%80%93Dalian_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenyang–Dalian Expressway">G15 Shenda Expressway</a> (<span lang="zh-Hans">沈大高速公路</span>) to the southwest is the first expressway built in China and is an 8-lane, 348.5 km (216.5 mi) <a href="/wiki/Controlled-access_highway" title="Controlled-access highway">controlled-access highway</a> with a maximum speed limit of 120 km/h (75 mph), connecting Shenyang to <a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a>, one of the largest port city in China. The 222 km (138 mi) <a href="/wiki/Shendan_Expressway" title="Shendan Expressway">Shendan Expressway</a> (<span lang="zh-Hans">沈丹高速公路</span>) to the southeast, part of the <a href="/wiki/G1113_Dandong%E2%80%93Fuxin_Expressway" title="G1113 Dandong–Fuxin Expressway">G11<sub>13</sub> Dandong–Fuxin Expressway</a> that traverses Shenyang from the northwest, is a 4-lane expressway leading to <a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a>, and also serves <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Taoxian_International_Airport" title="Shenyang Taoxian International Airport">Shenyang Taoxian International Airport</a>. The 4-lane <a href="/wiki/G1212_Shenyang%E2%80%93Jilin_Expressway" title="G1212 Shenyang–Jilin Expressway">G12<sub>12</sub> Shenji Expressway</a> (<span lang="zh-Hans">沈吉高速公路</span>) to the east was completed in 2011, linking Shenyang to <a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin</a> via <a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a>. The 8-lane <a href="/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Shenyang_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing–Shenyang Expressway">Jingshen Expressway</a> (<span lang="zh-Hans">京沈高速公路</span>) to the west is an integral part of the extended <a href="/wiki/G1_Jingha_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="G1 Jingha Expressway">G1 Jingha Expressway</a> (<span lang="zh-Hans">京哈高速公路</span>) beyond the northeast, and is a major interprovincial "trunk road" across the <a href="/wiki/Shanhai_Pass" title="Shanhai Pass">Shanhai Pass</a> linking to the national capital <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> some 658 km (409 mi) away. There are other smaller provincial-level expressways ("S routes") to other cities like <a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a>, as well as many long-distance and express bus routes to Beijing and other large Northeastern regional centers via major national roads such as the <a href="/wiki/China_National_Highways" class="mw-redirect" title="China National Highways">China National Highways</a> <a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_101" title="China National Highway 101">101</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_102" title="China National Highway 102">102</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_203" title="China National Highway 203">203</a> and <a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_304" title="China National Highway 304">304</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airport">Airport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Airport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shenyang_Taoxian_International_Airport_Terminal_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Shenyang_Taoxian_International_Airport_Terminal_3.jpg/220px-Shenyang_Taoxian_International_Airport_Terminal_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Shenyang_Taoxian_International_Airport_Terminal_3.jpg/330px-Shenyang_Taoxian_International_Airport_Terminal_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Shenyang_Taoxian_International_Airport_Terminal_3.jpg/440px-Shenyang_Taoxian_International_Airport_Terminal_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Taoxian International Airport</figcaption></figure> <p>The city is served by the <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Taoxian_International_Airport" title="Shenyang Taoxian International Airport">Shenyang Taoxian International Airport</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/Hunnan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunnan District">Hunnan District</a>. It is one of the eight major <a href="/wiki/Airline_hub" title="Airline hub">airline hubs</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_China" title="List of the busiest airports in China">the 23rd busiest airport</a> in China.<sup id="cite_ref-桃仙机场_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-桃仙机场-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-桃仙机场2_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-桃仙机场2-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are three other airports in Shenyang, none of them open to public. The East Pagoda Airport (<span lang="zh-Hans">东塔机场</span>) in Dadong District is the oldest airport in Shenyang, opened in 1920s and retired in the 1980s,<sup id="cite_ref-最早机场东塔机场_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-最早机场东塔机场-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-东塔机场_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-东塔机场-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though there has been proposals in 2013 to relocate and reopen it in <a href="/wiki/Xinmin,_Liaoning" title="Xinmin, Liaoning">Xinmin</a>. The Beiling Airport (<span lang="zh-Hans">北陵机场</span>) in Huanggu District is used by <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Aircraft_Corporation" title="Shenyang Aircraft Corporation">Shenyang Aircraft Corporation</a> for <a href="/wiki/Test_flight" class="mw-redirect" title="Test flight">test flights</a>. The Yuhong Airport (<span lang="zh-Hans">于洪机场</span>) in Yuhong District is commissioned for military use only by the local <a href="/wiki/Northern_Theater_Command" title="Northern Theater Command">Northern Theater Command</a> garrisons.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Public transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trams_in_Shenyang1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Trams_in_Shenyang1.JPG/220px-Trams_in_Shenyang1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Trams_in_Shenyang1.JPG/330px-Trams_in_Shenyang1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Trams_in_Shenyang1.JPG/440px-Trams_in_Shenyang1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Hunnan Tram, a <a href="/wiki/Changchun_Railway_Vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Changchun Railway Vehicles">CRV</a> <a href="/wiki/Low-floor_tram" title="Low-floor tram">70% Low-Floor Tram</a> serving Hunnan District</figcaption></figure> <p>In Shenyang, there are more than 160 bus routes.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shenyang used to have about 20 <a href="/wiki/Trolley_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Trolley bus">trolley bus</a> routes, one of the biggest trolley bus networks in China.<sup id="cite_ref-沈阳公交通史4_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-沈阳公交通史4-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The entire network was demolished in 1999 after <a href="/wiki/1998_Shenyang_trolleybus_electrocution_accident" title="1998 Shenyang trolleybus electrocution accident">a serious electrocution accident</a> that killed 5 passengers on August 12, 1998, and was replaced by gas and diesel-powered buses. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Shenyang" title="Trams in Shenyang">Trams in Shenyang</a> were introduced in 1924, and had 6 lines in operation up until 1945. It suffered major disruptions during the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> from <a href="/wiki/Power_outage" title="Power outage">power outage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> bombings, but quickly resumed operation after the conclusion of the <a href="/wiki/Liaoshen_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Liaoshen Campaign">Liaoshen Campaign</a>. After the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a>, the tram network was gradually replaced by the buses and trolley buses, and eventually closed in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2011, the Shenyang city government announced plans to rebuild the <a href="/wiki/Light_rail_transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Light rail transit">light rail transit</a> network in 2012, comprising 4 lines with 60 km (37 mi) distance in the <a href="/wiki/Hunnan_New_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunnan New District">Hunnan New District</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Modern_Tram" title="Shenyang Modern Tram">Shenyang Modern Tram</a> network started operation on August 15, 2013. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shenyang_Metro_Zhongjie_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Shenyang_Metro_Zhongjie_Station.jpg/220px-Shenyang_Metro_Zhongjie_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Shenyang_Metro_Zhongjie_Station.jpg/330px-Shenyang_Metro_Zhongjie_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Shenyang_Metro_Zhongjie_Station.jpg/440px-Shenyang_Metro_Zhongjie_Station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Metro" title="Shenyang Metro">Shenyang Metro</a> <a href="/wiki/Line_1_(Shenyang_Metro)" title="Line 1 (Shenyang Metro)">Line 1</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Shenyang has been planning an underground <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">rapid transit</a> system since 1940, but was unable to materialize the idea due to the city's <a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">geology</a> and engineering limitations.<sup id="cite_ref-地铁故事_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-地铁故事-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 18, 2005, the construction of the first <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Metro" title="Shenyang Metro">Shenyang Metro</a> line began<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the construction of the second line started on November 18, 2006. The first (east–west) line was opened September 27, 2010, and the second (north–south) was opened on January 9, 2012. in 2023, the second line, running north to south, extended its southern portion to connect with the <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Taoxian_International_Airport" title="Shenyang Taoxian International Airport">Shenyang Taoxian International</a> airport. As of 2023, there are 5 running lines, with the latest of which (line 4) opening on September 29, 2023. Construction is difficult due to the <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a>-rich <a href="/wiki/Bedrock" title="Bedrock">bedrock</a> on which the city is built.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Healthcare"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shenyang has 731 medical and healthcare centers, 63,000 healthcare staff and 3.02 healthcare worker per 1,000 people. There are 34,033 hospital beds and 45,680 various kinds of medical and technical personnel, among whom there are 17,346 licensed doctors, 1,909 assistant licensed doctors, and 16887 certified nurses.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average expected life-span of the people in Shenyang is 73.8 years.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/China_Medical_University_(PRC)" class="mw-redirect" title="China Medical University (PRC)">China Medical University</a> (<span lang="zh-Hans">中国医科大学</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Zhōngguó Yīkē Dàxué</span></i>) in <a href="/wiki/Huanggu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huanggu District">Huanggu District</a> is one of the top 10 <a href="/wiki/Medical_school" title="Medical school">medical schools</a> in China and is <a href="/wiki/International_Medical_Education_Directory" title="International Medical Education Directory">IMED</a>-listed. Its diplomas are accredited worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shenyang is home to China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University 1st, 2nd (renamed Shengjing Hospital in 2003)<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 4th Affiliated Hospital, 202 Hospital, Liaoning Tumor Hospital, Shenyang No.7 People's Hospital, Shenyang Orthopaedics Hospital, Shenyang Army General Hospital, North Hospital, and various other hospitals and clinics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military">Military</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shenyang hosts the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Northern_Theater_Command" title="Northern Theater Command">Northern Theater Command</a> (formerly the <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Military_Region" title="Shenyang Military Region">Shenyang Military Region</a>) and garrisons its <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Air_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Air Force">air force</a> divisions. </p><p>Shenyang is also famous for its defense industries, with the <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Aircraft_Corporation" title="Shenyang Aircraft Corporation">Shenyang Aircraft Corporation</a> (SAC), nicknamed "the cradle of Chinese jetfighters" (<span lang="zh-Hans">中国歼击机摇篮</span>)", being the People's Republic's oldest and largest aircraft manufacturer, responsible for the design and manufacturing of the currently operational <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-8" title="Shenyang J-8">J-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-11" title="Shenyang J-11">J-11</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-15" title="Shenyang J-15">J-15</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-16" title="Shenyang J-16">J-16</a> <a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">fighter aircraft</a> and the in-development <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-31" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenyang J-31">J-31</a> <a href="/wiki/Stealth_aircraft" title="Stealth aircraft">stealth aircraft</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Aeroengine_Research_Institute" title="Shenyang Aeroengine Research Institute">Shenyang Aeroengine Research Institute</a>, a subdivision of SAC, is also responsible for designing the indigenous <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_WS-10" title="Shenyang WS-10">WS-10</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xian_WS-15" class="mw-redirect" title="Xian WS-15">WS-15</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_WS-20" title="Shenyang WS-20">WS-20</a> <a href="/wiki/Turbofan" title="Turbofan">turbofan</a> engines. </p><p>In 2014, South Korea and China agreed to repatriate the remains of 400 <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Volunteer_Army" title="People's Volunteer Army">People's Volunteer Army</a> soldiers killed during the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, which had been buried in <a href="/wiki/Paju" title="Paju">Paju</a>, and scheduled to be reburied in a state military cemetery in Shenyang.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mud_Brazier_BBQ_in_Shenyang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Mud_Brazier_BBQ_in_Shenyang.jpg/220px-Mud_Brazier_BBQ_in_Shenyang.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Mud_Brazier_BBQ_in_Shenyang.jpg/330px-Mud_Brazier_BBQ_in_Shenyang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Mud_Brazier_BBQ_in_Shenyang.jpg/440px-Mud_Brazier_BBQ_in_Shenyang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1922" data-file-height="1496" /></a><figcaption>Korean-Chinese style barbecue in mud brazier (泥炉烧烤) is exclusively in Shenyang</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shenyang_dialect">Shenyang dialect</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Shenyang dialect"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>People native to Shenyang speak the <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenyang dialect">Shenyang dialect</a>, a variant of <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Mandarin" title="Northeastern Mandarin">Northeastern Mandarin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-振兴东北网_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-振兴东北网-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dialect was formed in the early period of the Qing dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-sywbsyh_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sywbsyh-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-syrbsyh_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-syrbsyh-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is similar to the other Northeastern dialects and also to the national standard of Mandarin, <i><a href="/wiki/Putonghua" class="mw-redirect" title="Putonghua">Putonghua</a></i>, but is known as a form of <i><a href="/wiki/Dongbeihua" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongbeihua">Dongbeihua</a></i> and has a wide range of vocabulary that is not part of the country's official language.<sup id="cite_ref-振兴东北网_122-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-振兴东北网-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art">Art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two northeast <a href="/wiki/Folk_dance" title="Folk dance">folk dances</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Errenzhuan" title="Errenzhuan">Errenzhuan</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Yangge" title="Yangge">Yangge</a></i>, are very popular in Shenyang.<sup id="cite_ref-文化志概述_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-文化志概述-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-秧歌_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-秧歌-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Big Stage Theatre (<span lang="zh-Hans">大舞台剧场</span>) near Middle Street is famous for its <i>Errenzhuan</i> and Chinese comedy skit performances by <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Benshan" title="Zhao Benshan">Zhao Benshan</a> and his students. Due to the popularity enjoyed by many Shenyang-based comedians, the city is nationally recognized as a stronghold of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_comedy" title="Chinese comedy">Chinese comedy</a>. </p><p>Shenyang is home of many <a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">performance art</a> organizations, such as Shenyang Acrobatic Troupe of China, Liaoning Song and Dance Ensemble, and Liaoning Ballet.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many artists are from Shenyang, such as <a href="/wiki/Zimei" title="Zimei">Zimei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Na_Ying" title="Na Ying">Na Ying</a> and the pianist <a href="/wiki/Lang_Lang" title="Lang Lang">Lang Lang</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:J%C4%ADuy%C4%ABb%C4%81_L%C3%ACsh%C4%AD_B%C3%B3w%C3%B9gu%C4%83n%E4%B9%9D%E3%83%BB%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8106997.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/J%C4%ADuy%C4%ABb%C4%81_L%C3%ACsh%C4%AD_B%C3%B3w%C3%B9gu%C4%83n%E4%B9%9D%E3%83%BB%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8106997.JPG/220px-J%C4%ADuy%C4%ABb%C4%81_L%C3%ACsh%C4%AD_B%C3%B3w%C3%B9gu%C4%83n%E4%B9%9D%E3%83%BB%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8106997.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/J%C4%ADuy%C4%ABb%C4%81_L%C3%ACsh%C4%AD_B%C3%B3w%C3%B9gu%C4%83n%E4%B9%9D%E3%83%BB%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8106997.JPG/330px-J%C4%ADuy%C4%ABb%C4%81_L%C3%ACsh%C4%AD_B%C3%B3w%C3%B9gu%C4%83n%E4%B9%9D%E3%83%BB%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8106997.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/J%C4%ADuy%C4%ABb%C4%81_L%C3%ACsh%C4%AD_B%C3%B3w%C3%B9gu%C4%83n%E4%B9%9D%E3%83%BB%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8106997.JPG/440px-J%C4%ADuy%C4%ABb%C4%81_L%C3%ACsh%C4%AD_B%C3%B3w%C3%B9gu%C4%83n%E4%B9%9D%E3%83%BB%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8106997.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>9.18 Historical Museum</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning_Provincial_Museum" title="Liaoning Provincial Museum">Liaoning Provincial Museum</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">辽宁省博物馆</span></span>), the largest museum in Northeast China. The museum hold many ancient relics and artefacts, including a selection of inscriptions in <a href="/wiki/Written_Chinese" title="Written Chinese">Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khitan_scripts_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Khitan scripts (disambiguation)">Khitan</a> that are some of the earliest known forms of writing.</li> <li>Shenyang Steam Locomotive Museum (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳蒸汽机车博物馆</span></span>), with 16 steam engines from America, Japan, Russia, Belgium, Poland, Germany, Czechoslovakia and China.</li> <li>9.18 Historical Museum (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">九·一八历史博物馆</span></span>), a museum in memory of the <a href="/wiki/Mukden_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukden Incident">Mukden Incident</a> on September 18, 1931. The museum is in the shape of an opened calendar, and is located on the site where the Japanese troops destroyed the <a href="/wiki/South_Manchuria_Railway" title="South Manchuria Railway">South Manchuria Railway</a>, the prelude to the invasion of Manchuria.</li> <li>Xinle Relic (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">新乐遗址</span></span>), located on the location where the <a href="/wiki/Xinle_culture" title="Xinle culture">Xinle civilisation</a> was first discovered, containing a reconstructed Xinle settlement and housing artefacts discovered there.<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xinle_culture_348.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Xinle_culture_348.JPG/220px-Xinle_culture_348.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Xinle_culture_348.JPG/330px-Xinle_culture_348.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Xinle_culture_348.JPG/440px-Xinle_culture_348.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption>Front of statue about Xinle culture</figcaption></figure></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shenyang is famous for its <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> tradition. The local football club, <a href="/wiki/Liaoning_F.C." title="Liaoning F.C.">Liaoning F.C.</a>, who last played in the <a href="/wiki/China_League_One" title="China League One">Chinese League One</a>, dissolved in 2020. Liaoning F.C. was once the consecutive national champion for 10 years from 1984 to 1993, and the first Chinese team to win the <a href="/wiki/AFC_Champions_League" class="mw-redirect" title="AFC Champions League">AFC Champions League</a> in 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-秧歌_126-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-秧歌-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Super_League" title="Chinese Super League">Chinese Super League</a> team, <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Jinde" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenyang Jinde">Shenyang Jinde</a> moved to <a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a> in 2007. <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Olympic_Sports_Center_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenyang Olympic Sports Center Stadium">Shenyang Olympic Sports Center Stadium</a>, a 60,000-seated soccer stadium, was a venue for the football preliminary of <a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008 Summer Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shenyang also has one of the five full-length (400 m) <a href="/wiki/Speed_skating_rink" title="Speed skating rink">speed skating rink</a> in China, the Bayi Speed Skating Arena (<span lang="zh-Hans">八一速滑馆</span>). </p><p>Shenyang Sport University<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a professional sports university, and acts as <span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">the training base for winter sports in China and has many Olympic champions</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Shenyang city government, legally, recognizes five religious beliefs—<a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and Christianity (<a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a>). During the period between 1949 and 1976, religious practices were significantly repressed, but have recovered since the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a>. As of 2012<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">A.D.</a>, Shenyang has seven city-level religious organizations, with 289 legally registered places of worship, 483 <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">clerics</a> and about 400,000 followers. </p><p>Famous religious sites include: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shenyang_East_Pagoda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Shenyang_East_Pagoda.jpg/220px-Shenyang_East_Pagoda.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Shenyang_East_Pagoda.jpg/330px-Shenyang_East_Pagoda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Shenyang_East_Pagoda.jpg/440px-Shenyang_East_Pagoda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Shenyang East Pagoda</figcaption></figure> <p>Buddhism </p> <ul><li>Chang'an Temple (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">长安寺</span></span>), a <a href="/wiki/Zen_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Zen Buddhism">Zen Buddhism</a> temple, first built during the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a></li> <li>Bore Temple (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">般若寺</span></span>), built during the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a></li> <li>Ci'en Temple (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">慈恩寺</span></span>), a <a href="/wiki/Pure_Land_Buddhism" title="Pure Land Buddhism">Pure Land Buddhism</a> temple,</li> <li>Wugoujingguang Śarīra Pagoda (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">无垢净光舍利塔</span></span>), a 33-m-high Buddhist pagoda erected in 1044 during the <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</a></li> <li>Shisheng Temple (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">实胜寺</span></span>), once known as Imperial Temple (<span lang="zh-Hans">皇寺</span>), a <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan Buddhist">Tibetan Buddhist</a> temple built in 1636 for the <a href="/wiki/Qing" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing">Qing</a> royal family</li> <li>The East Pagoda (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">东塔</span></span>), North Pagoda (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">北塔</span></span>), <a href="/wiki/Xita_(Shenyang)" class="mw-redirect" title="Xita (Shenyang)">West Pagoda</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">西塔</span></span>) and South Pagoda (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">南塔</span></span>), collectively known as the "Four Pagodas of Early Qing" (<span lang="zh-Hans">清初四塔</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Qīngchū Sì Tǎ</span></i>) are four white Tibetan Buddhist pagodas built by <a href="/wiki/Hong_Taiji" title="Hong Taiji">Hong Taiji</a> in 1639.</li></ul> <p>Taoism </p> <ul><li>Taiqing Palace (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">太清宫</span></span>), built in 1663</li> <li>Pengying Palace (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">蓬瀛宫</span></span>), the only female Taoist temple in Northeast China, built in 1994</li> <li>Doumu Palace (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">斗姆宫</span></span>), formerly the second largest Taoist temple in Shenyang</li></ul> <p>Christianity </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Cathedral_of_Shenyang" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred Heart Cathedral of Shenyang">Sacred Heart Cathedral of Shenyang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳圣心教堂</span></span>), a <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> cathedral</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan_Church" title="Dongguan Church">Dongguan Church</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">东关教会</span></span>), one of the largest and oldest Protestant churches in Northeast China, also known as the cradle of Christianity of the Koreans in China and in the Korean Peninsula</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xita_Church" title="Xita Church">Xita Church</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">西塔教会</span></span>), a Protestant church for the Korean Chinese</li></ul> <p>Islam </p> <ul><li>South Mosque (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">清真南寺</span></span>), the largest mosque in Northeast China, built in Qing dynasty</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shenyang has classic <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Chinese_cuisine" title="Northeastern Chinese cuisine">northeastern Chinese cuisine</a>. Traditional dishes in the region are <i><a href="/wiki/Suan_cai" title="Suan cai">suan cai</a></i> (also called Chinese sauerkraut), stewed chicken and mushroom, and <a href="/wiki/Bing_(bread)" title="Bing (bread)">meat pie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-沈阳饮食_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-沈阳饮食-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Korean_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean food">Korean food</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Rice_cake#In_Korean_cuisine" title="Rice cake">rice cake</a> (<a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">떡</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">RR</a>: <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">tteok</i></span>) and <a href="/wiki/Naengmyeon" title="Naengmyeon">cold noodle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">냉면</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E9%BA%B5" class="extiw" title="wikt:冷麵">冷麵</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">RR</a>: <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">naengmyeon</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E9%9D%A2" class="extiw" title="wikt:冷面">冷面</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Lěng Miàn</span></i>), is a part of Shenyangers' diet as there is a sizeable ethnic Korean population in the city, specifically in Nanta (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%A1%94" class="extiw" title="wikt:南塔">南塔</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Nanta</span></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-沈阳饮食_130-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-沈阳饮食-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, as the area was traditionally occupied by Manchus, the cuisine in Shenyang was fundamentally influenced by Manchu food, as well as the famous <a href="/wiki/Manchu_Han_Imperial_Feast" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchu Han Imperial Feast">Manchu Han Imperial Feast</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-盛京满汉_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-盛京满汉-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the sizeable <a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui</a> population in Shenyang, <a href="/wiki/Halal" title="Halal">halal</a> foods are a common and also enjoyed by non-Muslim people. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attractions">Attractions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shenjing_Grand_Theatre,_Shenyang,_China.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Shenjing_Grand_Theatre%2C_Shenyang%2C_China.jpg/220px-Shenjing_Grand_Theatre%2C_Shenyang%2C_China.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Shenjing_Grand_Theatre%2C_Shenyang%2C_China.jpg/330px-Shenjing_Grand_Theatre%2C_Shenyang%2C_China.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Shenjing_Grand_Theatre%2C_Shenyang%2C_China.jpg/440px-Shenjing_Grand_Theatre%2C_Shenyang%2C_China.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Shenjing Grand Theatre, Shenyang; also known as The Diamond</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mukden_Palace" title="Mukden Palace">Mukden Palace</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳故宫</span></span>): the former imperial palace of the early <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>. It is a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuling_Tomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuling Tomb">East Mausoleum</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">东陵</span></span>): the tomb of the first Qing emperor, <a href="/wiki/Nurhaci" title="Nurhaci">Nurhaci</a>. It is a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beiling_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Beiling Park">Beiling Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Mausoleum_(Qing_dynasty)" title="Zhao Mausoleum (Qing dynasty)">North Mausoleum</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">北陵</span></span>): the tomb of the second Qing emperor, <a href="/wiki/Huang_Taiji" class="mw-redirect" title="Huang Taiji">Huang Taiji</a>. The park covers an area of 3,300,000 square metres (36,000,000 square feet), and is serviced by trams for visitors who do not wish to (or cannot) traverse the length of the park. It is a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>.</li> <li>Qipan Mountain (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">棋盘山</span></span>): a recreation resort in <a href="/wiki/Shenbei_New_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenbei New District">Shenbei New District</a>, northeast of Shenyang.</li> <li>Strange Slope (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">怪坡</span></span>): an 80 m (87 yd)-long, 25 m (82 ft)-wide slope on the western side of Mao Mountain in Shenbei District, famous for the unexplained phenomenon of vehicles seemingly able to move uphill unpowered.</li> <li>Shenyang Botanical Garden (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳植物园</span></span>) is located within the Qipanshan Tourism District. With a total area of 2.46 km<sup>2</sup> (610 acres), the garden hosted the <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_China_International_Horticultural_Exposition_2006" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenyang China International Horticultural Exposition 2006">International Horticultural Exposition</a> in 2006. Since then it has also been known as the Shenyang International Expo Garden (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳世博园</span></span>). A variety of botanical exhibitions are held throughout the year.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Meteorite Mountain Forest Park (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">陨石山森林公园</span></span>), located in the southeast of Shenyang in <a href="/wiki/Hunnan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunnan District">Hunnan District</a>. The biggest meteorite lies on the Huashitai Mountain of Lixiang County, and is 160 m (520 ft) long, 54 m (177 ft) wide, 42 m (138 ft) tall and about 2,000,000 t (2,200,000 short tons) in weight. It is the oldest meteorite in the world which was formed 4.5 billion years ago and fallen into the Earth 1.9 billion years ago.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Park probably exists, but the claims about the size and age of their meteorite(s) seem specious. (June 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Xiaonan Cathedral of Shenyang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">小南天主教堂</span></span>), the construction of the cathedral started in 1875 and finished in 1878.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qipanshan_International_Scenery_and_Tourism_Development_Zone" title="Qipanshan International Scenery and Tourism Development Zone">Qipanshan Tourism Development Zone</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shopping_areas">Shopping areas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Shopping areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Shenyang" title="Special:EditPage/Shenyang">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Shenyang has many shopping areas that provide necessities, luxuries and entertainments. One of the shopping districts is <a href="/wiki/Middle_Street_(Shenyang)" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Street (Shenyang)">Middle Street</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">中街</span></span>). Middle Street has a history of more than 100 years. In 2005, Middle Street gained the title of China top 10 famous commercial shopping streets and in 2008; it won the International Golden Street title. Middle Street is also the first commercial pedestrian street in China. Middle Street features many western-style stores and restaurants. The largest shopping mall in Shenyang is also located on Middle Street, selling products from all around the world. </p><p>Taiyuan Street (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">太原街</span></span>) is another shopping area which is similar to Middle Street. Taiyuan Street many restaurants and theaters for people to enjoy. Many spend their holidays shopping on these two streets. There is also a very large underground shopping center, offering many items, especially fashion jewelries, accessories and clothing. </p><p>Another area, Wu'ai Market (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">五爱市场</span></span>), features a large multi-story shopping center with a size comparable to that of many city blocks. It is famous for wholesaling cheap clothes and household items. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a> center is in Sanhao street (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">三好街</span></span>) in the southern part of the city. There are large superstores located throughout the city that sell everything from meat and dairy to clothes and electronics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research_and_education">Research and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Research and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shenyang is a major city for scientific research and education in <a href="/wiki/Northeast_China" title="Northeast China">Northeast China</a>. Shenyang has one of the highest concentrations of educational institutes in China. Roughly 30 colleges and universities and numerous research and training institutions are located in Shenyang, including core institutes of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences">Chinese Academy of Sciences</a>. As of 2023, it was list among the top 125 <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_scientific_output" title="List of cities by scientific output">science cities</a> in the world as tracked by the <a href="/wiki/Nature_Index" title="Nature Index">Nature Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Research institutes </p> <ul><li>Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">中国科学院金属研究所</span></span>)</li> <li>Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所</span></span>)</li> <li>Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所</span></span>), formerly the Institute of Forestry and Pedology (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">林业土壤研究所</span></span>)</li> <li>Shenyang Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">中国科学院沈阳计算机技术研究所</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Aircraft_Design_Institute" title="Shenyang Aircraft Design Institute">Shenyang Aircraft Design Institute</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳飞机设计研究所</span></span>), also known as the "601 Institute"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Aeroengine_Research_Institute" title="Shenyang Aeroengine Research Institute">Shenyang Aeroengine Research Institute</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳发动机设计研究所</span></span>), also known as the "606 Institute"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_schools">International schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: International schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Transformation_International_School" title="Shenyang Transformation International School">Shenyang Transformation International School</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳国际学校</span></span>), founded in 1998 by the International Schools of China (ISC), a United States <a href="/wiki/Non-profit_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit organization">non-profit organization</a> committed to educational work in China.</li> <li>Shenyang Pacific International Academy (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳太平洋国际学校</span></span>), located in Shenbei District. The school offers an American-style high school education.</li> <li>Canadian International School Shenyang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">加拿大国际学校</span></span>), located in Shenbei District, founded in 2017 with joint co-operation of AKD International Education and the Canadian government. The school offers a Canadian-style education ranging from kindergarten to middle school.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.qsi.org/shenyang/">QSI International School of Shenyang (QSI)</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳科爱赛国际学校中国</span></span>), founded in 2012 and located at Sekisui House, Hunnan New District</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universities">Universities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Medical_University_(PRC)" class="mw-redirect" title="China Medical University (PRC)">China Medical University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">中国医科大学</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning_University" title="Liaoning University">Liaoning University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">辽宁大学</span></span>)</li> <li>Liaoning Communication University (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">辽宁传媒学院</span></span>)<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%BD%E5%AE%81%E4%BC%A0%E5%AA%92%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="extiw" title="zh:辽宁传媒学院">zh:辽宁传媒学院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning_University_of_Traditional_Chinese_Medicine" title="Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine">Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">辽宁中医药大学</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Xun_Academy_of_Fine_Arts" title="Lu Xun Academy of Fine Arts">Lu Xun Academy of Fine Arts</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">鲁迅美术学院</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University_(Liaoning,_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern University (Liaoning, China)">Northeastern University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">东北大学</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Jianzhu_University" title="Shenyang Jianzhu University">Shenyang Jianzhu University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳建筑大学</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_University" title="Shenyang University">Shenyang University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳大学</span></span>)</li> <li>Shenyang City University (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳城市学院</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Aerospace_University" title="Shenyang Aerospace University">Shenyang Aerospace University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳航空航天大学</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Agricultural_University" title="Shenyang Agricultural University">Shenyang Agricultural University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳农业大学</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Conservatory_of_Music" title="Shenyang Conservatory of Music">Shenyang Conservatory of Music</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳音乐学院</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Institute_of_Engineering" title="Shenyang Institute of Engineering">Shenyang Institute of Engineering</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳工程学院</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Ligong_University" title="Shenyang Ligong University">Shenyang Ligong University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳理工大学</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Medical_College" title="Shenyang Medical College">Shenyang Medical College</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳医学院</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Normal_University" title="Shenyang Normal University">Shenyang Normal University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳师范大学</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Pharmaceutical_University" title="Shenyang Pharmaceutical University">Shenyang Pharmaceutical University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳药科大学</span></span>)</li> <li>Shenyang Sport University (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳体育学院</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_University_of_Chemical_Technology" title="Shenyang University of Chemical Technology">Shenyang University of Chemical Technology</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳化工大学</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_University_of_Technology" title="Shenyang University of Technology">Shenyang University of Technology</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳工业大学</span></span>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defunct_universities">Defunct universities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Defunct universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fengyong_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Fengyong University">Fengyong University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">馮庸大學</span></span>) was the first <a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">private university</a> in China to follow western teaching methods. It was established on August 8, 1927 with private funding by retired <a href="/wiki/Fengtian_clique" title="Fengtian clique">Fengtian clique</a> <a href="/wiki/Major_general" title="Major general">major general</a> Feng Yong (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">馮庸</span></span>, 1901–1981, later re-enlisted as a <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Air_Force" title="Republic of China Air Force">ROCAF</a> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general" title="Lieutenant general">lieutenant general</a>). It contained the departments of Engineering, Law and Education. After the <a href="/wiki/Mukden_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukden Incident">Mukden Incident</a>, the campus was looted by Japanese troops and converted into an aircraft repair camp. The staffs and students were later forced to evacuate to <a href="/wiki/Beiping" class="mw-redirect" title="Beiping">Beiping</a>, where the university continued teaching for two more years before merging with the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University_(Liaoning,_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern University (Liaoning, China)">National Northeastern University</a> in September, 1933. Many of the university's <a href="/wiki/Alumni" title="Alumni">alumni</a> were active members of <a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_volunteer_armies" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Japanese volunteer armies">anti-Japanese volunteer armies</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_consulates">Foreign consulates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Foreign consulates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Japan, Russia, South Korea, France, Germany, North Korea, Australia and the United States all have <a href="/wiki/Consulate" title="Consulate">consulates</a> in Shenyang, located in <a href="/wiki/Heping_District,_Shenyang" class="mw-redirect" title="Heping District, Shenyang">Heping District</a>. These eight consulates make Shenyang the sixth major city to host more foreign representatives than any other city in China after <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_Sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_Sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – Sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Twin towns – Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shenyang has established <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">sister/friendship city</a> <a href="/wiki/Paradiplomacy" title="Paradiplomacy">relationships</a> with many other cities around the world. These relationships have sought to promote economic, cultural, educational and other ties. </p><p><b>Sister cities</b><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sapporo" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a>, Japan <i>1980</i></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kawasaki,_Kanagawa" title="Kawasaki, Kanagawa">Kawasaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanagawa_Prefecture" title="Kanagawa Prefecture">Kanagawa</a>, Japan <i>1981</i></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, Italy <i>1985</i></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, United States <i>1985</i></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Irkutsk" title="Irkutsk">Irkutsk</a>, Russia <i>1992</i></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a>, Philippines <i>1993</i></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ramat_Gan" title="Ramat Gan">Ramat Gan</a>, Israel <i>1993</i></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gongju" title="Gongju">Gongju</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Chungcheong" class="mw-redirect" title="South Chungcheong">South Chungcheong</a>, South Korea <i>1996</i></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chuncheon" title="Chuncheon">Chuncheon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gangwon_Province,_South_Korea" title="Gangwon Province, South Korea">Gangwon Province</a>, South Korea <i>1998</i></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Seongnam" title="Seongnam">Seongnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gyeonggi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyeonggi">Gyeonggi</a>, South Korea <i>1998</i></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yaound%C3%A9" title="Yaoundé">Yaoundé</a>, Cameroon <i>1998</i></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a>, Vietnam <i>1999</i></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gumi,_North_Gyeongsang" title="Gumi, North Gyeongsang">Gumi</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Gyeongsang" class="mw-redirect" title="North Gyeongsang">North Gyeongsang</a>, South Korea <i>1999</i></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a>, Greece <i>2000</i></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ostrava" title="Ostrava">Ostrava</a>, Czech Republic <i>2006</i></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Katowice" title="Katowice">Katowice</a>, Poland <i>2007</i></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hamamatsu" title="Hamamatsu">Hamamatsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shizuoka_Prefecture" title="Shizuoka Prefecture">Shizuoka</a>, Japan <i>2010</i></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bashkortostan" title="Bashkortostan">Bashkortostan</a>, Russia <i>2011</i></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk" title="Novosibirsk">Novosibirsk</a>, Russia <i>2013</i></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Incheon" title="Incheon">Incheon</a>, South Korea <i>2014</i></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/La_Plata" title="La Plata">La Plata</a>, Argentina <i>2014</i></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a>, Northern Ireland <i>2016</i><sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <p><b>Friendship cities</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pittsburg,_California" title="Pittsburg, California">Pittsburg, California</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a>, Germany</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Marab%C3%A1,_Par%C3%A1" title="Marabá, Pará">Marabá, Pará</a>, Brazil</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_media">In media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: In media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The decline of Shenyang's <a href="/wiki/Tiexi_District,_Shenyang" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiexi District, Shenyang">Tiexi</a> district in the 1990s was recorded by director <a href="/wiki/Wang_Bing_(director)" title="Wang Bing (director)">Wang Bing</a> in the film <i><a href="/wiki/Tie_Xi_Qu:_West_of_the_Tracks" title="Tie Xi Qu: West of the Tracks">Tie Xi Qu: West of the Tracks</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the People's Republic of China by population">List of cities in the People's Republic of China by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_100" title="Unit 100">Unit 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_China" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in China">List of twin towns and sister cities in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SYTV" title="SYTV">SYTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Shenyang" title="List of universities and colleges in Shenyang">List of universities and colleges in Shenyang</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span lang="zh">奉天</span>; Mandarin pronunciation: <span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[fə̂ŋtʰjɛ́n]</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="mnc-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[mukʰtən]</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳</span>; <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">shen-<span style="font-size:90%">YANG</span></i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mandarin pronunciation: <span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ʂə̀n.jǎŋ]</a></span>; formerly known as <b>Fengtian</b><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or by its <a href="/wiki/Manchu_language" title="Manchu language">Manchu</a> name <b>Mukden</b><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-govln-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-govln_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ln.gov.cn/zjln/xzqh/"><bdi lang="zh">行政区划</bdi></a> [Administrative division] (in Chinese). Liaoning People's Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181107104341/http://www.ln.gov.cn/zjln/xzqh/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2018</span>. <bdi lang="zh">截至2016年底，辽宁省辖14个地级市（其中沈阳、大连为副省级城市</bdi></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92&rft.pub=Liaoning+People%27s+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ln.gov.cn%2Fzjln%2Fxzqh%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/liaoning/admin/">"Liaoning Population Statistics, Charts and Map"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liaoning+Population+Statistics%2C+Charts+and+Map&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fchina%2Fliaoning%2Fadmin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-finance-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-finance_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240206004950/https://tjj.shenyang.gov.cn/sjfb/sqfx/202401/t20240122_4593872.html"><bdi lang="zh">2017年沈阳市国民经济和社会发展统计公报</bdi></a> (in Chinese). Shenyang City People's Government. June 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tjj.shenyang.gov.cn/sjfb/sqfx/202401/t20240122_4593872.html">the original</a> on 6 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2017%E5%B9%B4%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=Shenyang+City+People%27s+Government&rft.date=2018-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftjj.shenyang.gov.cn%2Fsjfb%2Fsqfx%2F202401%2Ft20240122_4593872.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210519044046/https://www.lexico.com/definition/Shenyang">"Shenyang"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. Oxford University Press. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2011</span>. <q>mukden russians day before formally.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Century+illustrated+monthly+magazine%2C+Volume+68&rft.place=NEW+YORK&rft.pages=581&rft.pub=The+Century+Co.&rft.date=1904&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_93gAAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span>(Original from Harvard University)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaking_of_America_Project1904" class="citation book cs1">Making of America Project (1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fOfUAAAAMAAJ&q=russians+mukden+formally"><i>The Century: a popular quarterly, Volume 68</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E5%A5%89%E5%A4%A9%E5%86%9B%E6%A2%B0%E5%8E%82&rft.date=2009-02-12&rft.au=%E6%9D%8E%E5%BD%A4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepaper.syd.com.cn%2Fsyrb%2Fhtml%2F2009-02%2F12%2Fcontent_437143.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Cambridge History of Japan: The twentieth century</i>, p. 294, Peter Duus, John Whitney Hall, Cambridge University Press: 1989. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-22357-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-22357-7">978-0-521-22357-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sjzrb-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sjzrb_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sjzrb_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141130061640/http://history.gmw.cn/2013-09/16/content_8923090.htm"><bdi lang="zh">82年前"九一八"</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">《石家庄日报》</bdi>. 16 September 2013. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ua.sjtu.edu.cn/specialsubject/36city/shenyang.htm">the original</a> on 12 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%BE%BD%E5%AE%81%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B&rft.pub=%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E9%83%A8%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fua.sjtu.edu.cn%2Fspecialsubject%2F36city%2Fshenyang.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrasenjit_Duara" class="citation web cs1">Prasenjit Duara. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japanfocus.org/-Prasenjit-Duara/1715">"The New Imperialism and the Post-Colonial Developmental State: Manchukuo in comparative perspective"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100616115234/http://japanfocus.org/-Prasenjit-Duara/1715">Archived</a> from the original on 16 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+New+Imperialism+and+the+Post-Colonial+Developmental+State%3A+Manchukuo+in+comparative+perspective&rft.au=Prasenjit+Duara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japanfocus.org%2F-Prasenjit-Duara%2F1715&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Battlefield_Series-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Battlefield_Series_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121209092119/http://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B0001DI5IA">"Battlefield – Manchuria – The Forgotten Victory"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battlefield_(documentary_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battlefield (documentary series)">Battlefield (documentary series)</a>, 2001, 98 minutes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glantz-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Glantz_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">LTC David M. Glantz, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usacac.army.mil/cac2/cgsc/carl/download/csipubs/LP7_AugustStormTheSoviet1945StrategicOffensiveInManchuria.pdf">"August Storm: The Soviet 1945 Strategic Offensive in Manchuria"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303171601/http://usacac.army.mil/cac2/cgsc/carl/download/csipubs/LP7_AugustStormTheSoviet1945StrategicOffensiveInManchuria.pdf">Archived</a> March 3, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Leavenworth Papers No. 7, Combat Studies Institute, February 1983, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Leavenworth" title="Fort Leavenworth">Fort Leavenworth</a> <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Li_Shuxian,_73,_Widow_of_Last_China_Emperor-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Li_Shuxian,_73,_Widow_of_Last_China_Emperor_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMydans1997" class="citation news cs1">Mydans, Seth (11 June 1997). "Li Shuxian, 73, Widow of Last China Emperor". <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Li+Shuxian%2C+73%2C+Widow+of+Last+China+Emperor&rft.date=1997-06-11&rft.aulast=Mydans&rft.aufirst=Seth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CSM-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CSM_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christian Science Monitor, 12 October 1945.<br /><i>Japanese armies were guilty of appalling excesses, both in China and elsewhere, and had the Russians dealt harshly with only Japanese nationals in Manchuria this would have appeared as just retribution. But the indiscriminate looting and raping inflicted upon the unoffending Chinese by the Russians naturally aroused the keenest indignation.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FCJones-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FCJones_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFF._C._Jones1949" class="citation book cs1">F. C. Jones (1949). "Chapter XII – Events in Manchuria, 1945–47". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131219040912/http://oudl.osmania.ac.in/bitstream/handle/OUDL/13712/216873_Manchuria_Since_1931.pdf?sequence=2"><i>Manchuria since 1931</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. London, Oxford University Press: Royal Institute of International Affairs. pp. 224–5, 227–9. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oudl.osmania.ac.in/bitstream/handle/OUDL/13712/216873_Manchuria_Since_1931.pdf?sequence=2">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+XII+%E2%80%93+Events+in+Manchuria%2C+1945%E2%80%9347&rft.btitle=Manchuria+since+1931&rft.place=London%2C+Oxford+University+Press&rft.pages=224-5%2C+227-9&rft.pub=Royal+Institute+of+International+Affairs&rft.date=1949&rft.au=F.+C.+Jones&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foudl.osmania.ac.in%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2FOUDL%2F13712%2F216873_Manchuria_Since_1931.pdf%3Fsequence%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span> <i>(The relevant sections also appear at <a href="/wiki/Talk:Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria/Events_in_Manchuria,_1945-47" title="Talk:Soviet invasion of Manchuria/Events in Manchuria, 1945-47">Talk:Soviet invasion of Manchuria/Events in Manchuria, 1945-47</a>)</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHannah_Pakula2009" class="citation book cs1">Hannah Pakula (2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lastempressmadam00paku_0"><i>The last empress: Madame Chiang Kai-Shek and the birth of modern China</i></a></span>. Simon and Schuster. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lastempressmadam00paku_0/page/530">530</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-4893-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-4893-8"><bdi>978-1-4391-4893-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2014</span>. <q>mukden berlin rape and pillage.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+last+empress%3A+Madame+Chiang+Kai-Shek+and+the+birth+of+modern+China&rft.pages=530&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4391-4893-8&rft.au=Hannah+Pakula&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flastempressmadam00paku_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDieter_Heinzig2004" class="citation book cs1">Dieter Heinzig (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yCDv67C2BzkC&q=red+army+rape+manchuria&pg=PA82"><i>The Soviet Union and communist China, 1945–1950: the arduous road to the alliance</i></a>. M.E. Sharpe. p. 82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7656-0785-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7656-0785-9"><bdi>0-7656-0785-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140617221659/http://books.google.com/books?id=yCDv67C2BzkC&pg=PA82&dq=red+army+rape+manchuria#v=onepage&q=red%20army%20rape%20manchuria&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Soviet+Union+and+communist+China%2C+1945%E2%80%931950%3A+the+arduous+road+to+the+alliance&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7656-0785-9&rft.au=Dieter+Heinzig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyCDv67C2BzkC%26q%3Dred%2Barmy%2Brape%2Bmanchuria%26pg%3DPA82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobyn_Lim2003" class="citation book cs1">Robyn Lim (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=falbrObQ11IC&q=red+army+rape+manchuria&pg=PA86"><i>The geopolitics of East Asia: the search for equilibrium</i></a>. Psychology Press. p. 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-29717-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-29717-6"><bdi>0-415-29717-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111214021526/http://books.google.com/books?id=falbrObQ11IC&lpg=PA86&dq=red%20army%20rape%20manchuria&pg=PA86#v=onepage&q=red%20army%20rape%20manchuria&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+geopolitics+of+East+Asia%3A+the+search+for+equilibrium&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-415-29717-6&rft.au=Robyn+Lim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfalbrObQ11IC%26q%3Dred%2Barmy%2Brape%2Bmanchuria%26pg%3DPA86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonald_H._Spector2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_H._Spector" title="Ronald H. Spector">Ronald H. Spector</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9hE2xFxbca0C&q=red+army+rape+manchuria&pg=PA33"><i>In the Ruins of Empire: The Japanese Surrender and the Battle for Postwar Asia</i></a>. Random House, Inc. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-6732-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-6732-6"><bdi>978-0-8129-6732-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140617221650/http://books.google.com/books?id=9hE2xFxbca0C&lpg=PA33&dq=red%20army%20rape%20manchuria&pg=PA33#v=onepage&q=red%20army%20rape%20manchuria&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Ruins+of+Empire%3A+The+Japanese+Surrender+and+the+Battle+for+Postwar+Asia&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Random+House%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8129-6732-6&rft.au=Ronald+H.+Spector&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9hE2xFxbca0C%26q%3Dred%2Barmy%2Brape%2Bmanchuria%26pg%3DPA33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sydjfycgjg-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sydjfycgjg_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sydjfycgjg_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYu_Huating_(于化庭Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text)2008" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-script">Yu Huating (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">于化庭</span></span>) (2008), <bdi lang="zh">沈阳的解放与成功接管</bdi>, <bdi lang="zh">《党史纵横》</bdi></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E4%B8%8E%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F%E6%8E%A5%E7%AE%A1&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Yu+Huating+%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh%22%3E%E4%BA%8E%E5%8C%96%E5%BA%AD%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-沈阳解放改变世界-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-沈阳解放改变世界_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141023081405/http://epaper.syd.com.cn/sywb/html/2013-10/29/content_954617.htm"><bdi lang="zh">1948年，沈阳解放改变了中国与世界</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">《沈阳晚报》</bdi> (in Simplified Chinese). 29 October 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epaper.syd.com.cn/sywb/html/2013-10/29/content_954617.htm">the original</a> on 23 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=1948%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8C%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E6%94%B9%E5%8F%98%E4%BA%86%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C&rft.date=2013-10-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepaper.syd.com.cn%2Fsywb%2Fhtml%2F2013-10%2F29%2Fcontent_954617.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131214151127/http://culture.inewsweek.cn/20131102/detail-74055-all.html"><bdi lang="zh">1948年11月2日沈阳解放</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">中国新闻周刊网</bdi>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://culture.inewsweek.cn/20131102/detail-74055-all.html">the original</a> on 14 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1948%E5%B9%B411%E6%9C%882%E6%97%A5+%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fculture.inewsweek.cn%2F20131102%2Fdetail-74055-all.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhang_Mingjin_(張明金Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text)Liu_Liqin_(劉立勤Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text)2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Zhang Mingjin (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">張明金</span></span>); Liu Liqin (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">劉立勤</span></span>) (2007). <bdi lang="zh">《國民黨歷史上的158個軍》</bdi>. Beijing: 解放軍出版社.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%BB%A8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84158%E5%80%8B%E8%BB%8D%E3%80%8B&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pub=%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E8%BB%8D%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Zhang+Mingjin+%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hant%22%3E%E5%BC%B5%E6%98%8E%E9%87%91%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text%29&rft.au=Liu+Liqin+%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hant%22%3E%E5%8A%89%E7%AB%8B%E5%8B%A4%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDikötter2013" class="citation book cs1">Dikötter, Frank. (2013). <i>The Tragedy of Liberation: A History of the Chinese Revolution, 1945-1957</i> (1 ed.). London: Bloomsbury Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62040-347-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62040-347-1"><bdi>978-1-62040-347-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tragedy+of+Liberation%3A+A+History+of+the+Chinese+Revolution%2C+1945-1957&rft.place=London&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-62040-347-1&rft.aulast=Dik%C3%B6tter&rft.aufirst=Frank.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhu_Yuepeng_(朱悦鹏Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text)" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zhu Yuepeng (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">朱悦鹏</span></span>). <bdi lang="zh">《东北解放战争纪实》</bdi> (in Simplified Chinese). Beijing: 长征出版社.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%E7%BA%AA%E5%AE%9E%E3%80%8B&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pub=%E9%95%BF%E5%BE%81%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.au=Zhu+Yuepeng+%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22%3E%E6%9C%B1%E6%82%A6%E9%B9%8F%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-亲历记-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-亲历记_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF文史资料研究委员会1992" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">文史资料研究委员会 (April 1992). <bdi lang="zh">辽沈战役亲历记 -原国民党将领的回忆</bdi> (in Simplified Chinese) (1992年版 ed.). Beijing: <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Literature_and_History_Press" title="Chinese Literature and History Press">Chinese Literature and History Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/7-5034-0559-7" title="Special:BookSources/7-5034-0559-7"><bdi>7-5034-0559-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E8%BE%BD%E6%B2%88%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9%E4%BA%B2%E5%8E%86%E8%AE%B0+-%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E5%85%9A%E5%B0%86%E9%A2%86%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%9E%E5%BF%86&rft.place=Beijing&rft.edition=1992%E5%B9%B4%E7%89%88&rft.pub=Chinese+Literature+and+History+Press&rft.date=1992-04&rft.isbn=7-5034-0559-7&rft.au=%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B2%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGao2017" class="citation thesis cs1">Gao, Shuyi (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.lib.washington.edu:443/researchworks/handle/1773/40213"><i>Emerging Identity: Envisioning Eco-cultural Infrastructure in Post Industrial Shenyang, China</i></a> (MLA thesis). University of Washington.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Emerging+Identity%3A+Envisioning+Eco-cultural+Infrastructure+in+Post+Industrial+Shenyang%2C+China&rft.degree=MLA&rft.inst=University+of+Washington&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Gao&rft.aufirst=Shuyi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.lib.washington.edu%3A443%2Fresearchworks%2Fhandle%2F1773%2F40213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShin2004" class="citation journal cs1">Shin, Sangbum (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44319696">"Economic Globalization and the Environment in China: A Comparative Case Study of Shenyang and Dalian"</a>. <i>The Journal of Environment & Development</i>. <b>13</b> (3): 263–294. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1070496504268352">10.1177/1070496504268352</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1070-4965">1070-4965</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44319696">44319696</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154554360">154554360</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Environment+%26+Development&rft.atitle=Economic+Globalization+and+the+Environment+in+China%3A+A+Comparative+Case+Study+of+Shenyang+and+Dalian&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=263-294&rft.date=2004&rft.issn=1070-4965&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154554360%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44319696%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1070496504268352&rft.aulast=Shin&rft.aufirst=Sangbum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44319696&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFByrd" class="citation journal cs1">Byrd, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/1985/12/01/000009265_3980901130825/Rendered/PDF/multi_page.pdf">"The Shenyang smelter : a case study of problems and reforms in China's nonferrous metals industry"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>World Bank Staff Working Papers</i>. 766. World Bank.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Bank+Staff+Working+Papers&rft.atitle=The+Shenyang+smelter+%3A+a+case+study+of+problems+and+reforms+in+China%27s+nonferrous+metals+industry&rft.aulast=Byrd&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-wds.worldbank.org%2Fservlet%2FWDSContentServer%2FIW3P%2FIB%2F1985%2F12%2F01%2F000009265_3980901130825%2FRendered%2FPDF%2Fmulti_page.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.people.cn/english/200007/03/eng20000703_44500.html">"Shenyang Shuts Down Polluting Smelter"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=People%27s+Daily&rft.atitle=Shenyang+Shuts+Down+Polluting+Smelter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.people.cn%2Fenglish%2F200007%2F03%2Feng20000703_44500.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomba2017" class="citation journal cs1">Tomba, Luigi (21 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-2427.12494">"Gentrifying China's Urbanization? Why Culture and Capital Aren't Enough: Interventions"</a>. <i>International Journal of Urban and Regional Research</i>. <b>41</b> (3): 508–517. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1468-2427.12494">10.1111/1468-2427.12494</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Urban+and+Regional+Research&rft.atitle=Gentrifying+China%27s+Urbanization%3F+Why+Culture+and+Capital+Aren%27t+Enough%3A+Interventions&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=508-517&rft.date=2017-08-21&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1468-2427.12494&rft.aulast=Tomba&rft.aufirst=Luigi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1111%2F1468-2427.12494&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/moukden_1912.jpg">"Map of Mukden in 1912"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100214221455/http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/moukden_1912.jpg">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Map+of+Mukden+in+1912&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.utexas.edu%2Fmaps%2Fhistorical%2Fmoukden_1912.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syghgt.gov.cn/ywpd/kczy/content/4028e48233b28ecb01343f9e7c6822ad.html"><bdi lang="zh">沈阳区域地质概述</bdi></a>. Shenyang Planning and Land and Resources Bureau (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳市规划和国土资源局</span></span>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140219065711/http://www.syghgt.gov.cn/ywpd/kczy/content/4028e48233b28ecb01343f9e7c6822ad.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0&rft.pub=Shenyang+Planning+and+Land+and+Resources+Bureau+%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22%3E%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E5%B1%80%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syghgt.gov.cn%2Fywpd%2Fkczy%2Fcontent%2F4028e48233b28ecb01343f9e7c6822ad.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://minsheng.youth.cn/mszxgch/mswzxx/201308/t20130814_3698864.htm"><bdi lang="zh">沈城母亲河:水光异彩璀璨浑河</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">中国青年网</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131106050430/http://minsheng.youth.cn/mszxgch/mswzxx/201308/t20130814_3698864.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%B2%88%E5%9F%8E%E6%AF%8D%E4%BA%B2%E6%B2%B3%3A%E6%B0%B4%E5%85%89%E5%BC%82%E5%BD%A9+%E7%92%80%E7%92%A8%E6%B5%91%E6%B2%B3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminsheng.youth.cn%2Fmszxgch%2Fmswzxx%2F201308%2Ft20130814_3698864.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jdsycsfzyshbq-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jdsycsfzyshbq_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF孙鸿金2012" class="citation thesis cs1 cs1-prop-script">孙鸿金 (2012). <bdi lang="zh">近代沈阳城市发展与社会变迁</bdi> (博士 thesis).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E4%B8%8E%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%98%E8%BF%81&rft.degree=%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB&rft.date=2012&rft.au=%E5%AD%99%E9%B8%BF%E9%87%91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-southcanal-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-southcanal_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-southcanal_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shenhe.gov.cn/dev~shenheweb/home/article/A5978D2B-1760-438A-A4BB-FA0EABAA710D.html"><bdi lang="zh">南运河的今与昔</bdi></a> (in Chinese). Shenhe District People's Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161101101759/http://www.shenhe.gov.cn/dev~shenheweb/home/article/A5978D2B-1760-438A-A4BB-FA0EABAA710D.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%8D%97%E8%BF%90%E6%B2%B3%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%8A%E4%B8%8E%E6%98%94&rft.pub=Shenhe+District+People%27s+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shenhe.gov.cn%2Fdev~shenheweb%2Fhome%2Farticle%2FA5978D2B-1760-438A-A4BB-FA0EABAA710D.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CE111313-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CE111313_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiu_Ce2013" class="citation news cs1">Liu Ce (November 13, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2013-11/13/content_17103212.htm">"Coal for heating identified as top air polluter in NE China"</a>. <i>China Daily</i>. chinadaily.com.cn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924033901/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2013-11/13/content_17103212.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=China+Daily&rft.atitle=Coal+for+heating+identified+as+top+air+polluter+in+NE+China&rft.date=2013-11-13&rft.au=Liu+Ce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fchina%2F2013-11%2F13%2Fcontent_17103212.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cma_graphical-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cma_graphical_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cma_graphical_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html">"Index" <bdi lang="zh">中国气象数据网 - WeatherBk Data</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170923231541/http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherbk.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Index+%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BD%91+-+WeatherBk+Data&rft.pub=China+Meteorological+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.cma.cn%2Fdata%2FweatherBk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shenyang_Introduction-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shenyang_Introduction_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707041552/http://www.shenyang.gov.cn/web/resource/hlzd-yw/hlzd-yw-01.htm">"A city full of vitality – Shenyang, China"</a>. People′s Government of Shenyang. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shenyang.gov.cn/web/resource/hlzd-yw/hlzd-yw-01.htm">the original</a> on 7 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+city+full+of+vitality+%E2%80%93+Shenyang%2C+China&rft.pub=People%E2%80%B2s+Government+of+Shenyang&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shenyang.gov.cn%2Fweb%2Fresource%2Fhlzd-yw%2Fhlzd-yw-01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mherrera-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mherrera_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mherrera_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm">Extreme Temperatures around the World</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140804202145/http://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm">Archived</a> 2014-08-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Accessed 2010-10-27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps">"Experience Template" <bdi lang="zh">CMA台站气候标准值(1991-2020)</bdi></a> (in Chinese). <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Experience+Template+CMA%E5%8F%B0%E7%AB%99%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%80%BC%281991-2020%29&rft.pub=China+Meteorological+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexperience.arcgis.com%2Ftemplate%2Fe724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55%2Fpage%2F%25E7%25BA%25AF%25E8%25A1%25A8%25E6%25A0%25BC%25E7%25BB%259F%25E8%25AE%25A1-%28%25E5%25AF%25B9%25E6%25AF%25948110%25E5%258F%2598%25E5%258C%2596%29%2F%3Forg%3DUQmaps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CMA_old-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CMA_old_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055035/http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3"><bdi lang="zh">中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3">the original</a> on 21 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E9%9D%A2%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E7%AB%99%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%80%BC%E6%9C%88%E5%80%BC%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%9B%86%EF%BC%881971%EF%BC%8D2000%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89&rft.pub=China+Meteorological+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fold-cdc.cma.gov.cn%2Fshuju%2Fsearch1.jsp%3Fdsid%3DSURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES%26tpcat%3DSURF%26type%3Dtable%26pageid%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Critical_Eye_on_Shenyang-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Critical_Eye_on_Shenyang_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Critical_Eye_on_Shenyang_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Critical_Eye_on_Shenyang_73-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120710073409/http://chinabusinessreview.net/public/0709/criticaleye.html">"china business review"</a>. china business review. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chinabusinessreview.net/public/0709/criticaleye.html">the original</a> on 10 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=china+business+review.&rft.pub=china+business+review&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchinabusinessreview.net%2Fpublic%2F0709%2Fcriticaleye.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-State_Council_govt_move-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-State_Council_govt_move_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-State_Council_govt_move_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guancha.cn/politics/2015_10_14_337498.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">国务院批复同意沈阳市政府搬迁新址位于浑南区全运村附近</bdi></a>. <i><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%83%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB" class="extiw" title="zh:澎湃新闻">The Paper</a></i>. 14 October 2015 – via guancha.cn.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Paper&rft.atitle=%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E6%89%B9%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%8C%E6%84%8F%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E6%90%AC%E8%BF%81+%E6%96%B0%E5%9D%80%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E%E6%B5%91%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%BA%E5%85%A8%E8%BF%90%E6%9D%91%E9%99%84%E8%BF%91&rft.date=2015-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guancha.cn%2Fpolitics%2F2015_10_14_337498.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sysinet.gov.cn-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sysinet.gov.cn_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sysinet.gov.cn_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sysinet.gov.cn_75-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sysinet.gov.cn_75-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sysinet.gov.cn_75-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sysinet.gov.cn_75-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sysinet.gov.cn_75-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sysinet.gov.cn_75-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sysinet.gov.cn_75-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sysinet.gov.cn_75-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161009213436/http://www.sysinet.gov.cn/web/tjnianjian/2015sy/01%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88/1%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%8814.htm"><bdi lang="zh">《沈阳统计年鉴（2015）》——分地区土地面积和人口密度</bdi></a>. Shenyang People's Government. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sysinet.gov.cn/web/tjnianjian/2015sy/01综合/1综合14.htm">the original</a> on 9 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B9%B4%E9%89%B4%EF%BC%882015%EF%BC%89%E3%80%8B%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E5%88%86%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E9%9D%A2%E7%A7%AF%E5%92%8C%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6&rft.pub=Shenyang+People%27s+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sysinet.gov.cn%2Fweb%2Ftjnianjian%2F2015sy%2F01%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%2F1%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%8814.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_76-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_76-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_76-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_76-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_76-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_76-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_76-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_76-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161009213511/http://www.sysinet.gov.cn/web/tjnianjian/2015sy/14%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3/14%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A34.htm"><bdi lang="zh">《沈阳统计年鉴（2015）》——分地区户籍人口数</bdi></a>. Shenyang People's Government. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sysinet.gov.cn/web/tjnianjian/2015sy/14人口/14人口4.htm">the original</a> on 9 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B9%B4%E9%89%B4%EF%BC%882015%EF%BC%89%E3%80%8B%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E5%88%86%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E6%88%B7%E7%B1%8D%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%95%B0&rft.pub=Shenyang+People%27s+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sysinet.gov.cn%2Fweb%2Ftjnianjian%2F2015sy%2F14%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%2F14%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A34.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161009213634/http://www.sysinet.gov.cn/web/tjnianjian/2004sy/01zh/zh.htm"><bdi lang="zh">《沈阳统计年鉴（2004）》——土地面积</bdi></a>. Shenyang People's Government. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sysinet.gov.cn/web/tjnianjian/2004sy/01zh/zh.htm">the original</a> on 9 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B9%B4%E9%89%B4%EF%BC%882004%EF%BC%89%E3%80%8B%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E9%9D%A2%E7%A7%AF&rft.pub=Shenyang+People%27s+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sysinet.gov.cn%2Fweb%2Ftjnianjian%2F2004sy%2F01zh%2Fzh.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161009213515/http://www.sysinet.gov.cn/web/tjnianjian/2004sy/13rk/13rk.htm"><bdi lang="zh">《沈阳统计年鉴（2004）》——分地区人口数</bdi></a>. Shenyang People's Government. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sysinet.gov.cn/web/tjnianjian/2004sy/13rk/13rk.htm">the original</a> on 9 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B9%B4%E9%89%B4%EF%BC%882004%EF%BC%89%E3%80%8B%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E5%88%86%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%95%B0&rft.pub=Shenyang+People%27s+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sysinet.gov.cn%2Fweb%2Ftjnianjian%2F2004sy%2F13rk%2F13rk.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/jc50.2008/WestofTracks/index.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"West of the Tracks" by Jie Li"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22West+of+the+Tracks%22+by+Jie+Li&rft.pub=Ejumpcut.org&rft.date=1999-02-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ejumpcut.org%2Farchive%2Fjc50.2008%2FWestofTracks%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_1651dbcd50102yhav.html"><bdi lang="zh">世界第二大的朝鲜族风情街，获称"北方小汉城"的沈阳西塔美食街_聚食国际美食_新浪博客</bdi></a>. <i>blog.sina.com.cn</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161121174628/http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_1651dbcd50102yhav.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xici.net/d110193782.htm">the original</a> on 21 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.xici.net&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E9%A3%8E%E6%83%85%E8%A1%97--%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E8%A5%BF%E5%A1%94_%E8%B5%B0%E8%BF%9B%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C_%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87_%E8%A5%BF%E7%A5%A0%E8%83%A1%E5%90%8C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xici.net%2Fd110193782.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.shenyang.cn/lyfw/msfq-ml.htm">http://www.shenyang.cn/lyfw/msfq-ml.htm</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2010">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF高薇2007" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script">高薇 (2 July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210129204237/http://news.focus.cn/sy/2007-07-02/330769.html"><bdi lang="zh">沈阳中街步行街东延2公里全长3.5公里</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">《沈阳晚报》</bdi>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sy.focus.cn/news/2007-07-02/330769.html">the original</a> on 29 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unn.people.com.cn/GB/22220/29090/29092/2027404.html">the original</a> on 14 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%EF%BC%9A%22%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E8%A3%85%E5%A4%87%E9%83%A8%22%E9%87%8D%E6%96%B0%22%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E7%AB%8B%E5%B8%82%22&rft.au=%E5%88%98%E5%A6%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funn.people.com.cn%2FGB%2F22220%2F29090%2F29092%2F2027404.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinesefirearms.com/110108/history/shenyang.htm"><bdi lang="zh">沈阳兵工厂</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">火器堂</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131202222423/http://www.chinesefirearms.com/110108/history/shenyang.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%85%B5%E5%B7%A5%E5%8E%82&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinesefirearms.com%2F110108%2Fhistory%2Fshenyang.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-八大厂-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-八大厂_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dangshi.people.com.cn/GB/151935/170754/10298490.html"><bdi lang="zh">沈阳解放-中国共产党新闻</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">人民网</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120511074338/http://dangshi.people.com.cn/GB/151935/170754/10298490.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdangshi.people.com.cn%2FGB%2F151935%2F170754%2F10298490.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-第一个五年计划-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-第一个五年计划_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF张毅2013" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script">张毅 (19 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131213002310/http://news.gmw.cn/newspaper/2013-11/19/content_2449835.htm"><bdi lang="zh">1953，沈阳人的黄金小时代</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">《沈阳晚报》</bdi>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.gmw.cn/newspaper/2013-11/19/content_2449835.htm">the original</a> on 13 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=1953%EF%BC%8C%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E5%B0%8F%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&rft.date=2013-11-19&rft.au=%E5%BC%A0%E6%AF%85&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.gmw.cn%2Fnewspaper%2F2013-11%2F19%2Fcontent_2449835.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF皮树义，孙健，何勇，陈仁泽2012" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script">皮树义，孙健，何勇，陈仁泽 (30 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130320160500/http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrb/html/2012-07/30/nw.D110000renmrb_20120730_2-01.htm"><bdi lang="zh">东北振兴看沈阳</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrb/html/2012-07/30/nw.D110000renmrb_20120730_2-01.htm">the original</a> on 20 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ln.people.com.cn/n/2013/0201/c340334-18116917.html">the original</a> on 21 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Workers%27+Daily&rft.atitle=%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E9%93%81%E8%A5%BF%EF%BC%9A%E6%96%B0%E5%9E%8B%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%8C%96%E5%BC%95%E9%A2%86%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95&rft.date=2013-02-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fln.people.com.cn%2Fn%2F2013%2F0201%2Fc340334-18116917.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF何勇2008" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script">何勇 (29 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unn.people.com.cn/GB/14748/8247204.html"><bdi lang="zh">沈阳——国企破产在这里"破题"</bdi></a>. <i>People's Daily</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140203124709/http://unn.people.com.cn/GB/14748/8247204.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=People%27s+Daily&rft.atitle=%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%81%E7%A0%B4%E4%BA%A7%E5%9C%A8%E8%BF%99%E9%87%8C%22%E7%A0%B4%E9%A2%98%22&rft.date=2008-10-29&rft.au=%E4%BD%95%E5%8B%87&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funn.people.com.cn%2FGB%2F14748%2F8247204.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.com.cn/zhuanti/115/txt/2003-11/26/content_5449437.htm"><bdi lang="zh">国务院将成立东北办公室</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">中国网</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131113174332/http://www.china.com.cn/zhuanti/115/txt/2003-11/26/content_5449437.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E5%B0%86%E6%88%90%E7%AB%8B%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.china.com.cn%2Fzhuanti%2F115%2Ftxt%2F2003-11%2F26%2Fcontent_5449437.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sourcewire.com/releases/rel_display.php?relid=60590">"The Rise Of The 'Champs' – New Report Maps Business Opportunity In China's Fastest Growing Cities"</a>. Sourcewire.com. 9 November 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120406135228/http://www.sourcewire.com/releases/rel_display.php?relid=60590">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Rise+Of+The+%27Champs%27+%E2%80%93+New+Report+Maps+Business+Opportunity+In+China%27s+Fastest+Growing+Cities&rft.pub=Sourcewire.com&rft.date=2010-11-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sourcewire.com%2Freleases%2Frel_display.php%3Frelid%3D60590&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-沈经济总量-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-沈经济总量_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130609031852/http://epaper.syd.com.cn/syrb/html/2013-05/19/content_911292.htm"><bdi lang="zh">2012年沈阳市国民经济和社会发展统计公报</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">《沈阳日报》</bdi>. 19 May 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epaper.syd.com.cn/syrb/html/2013-05/19/content_911292.htm">the original</a> on 9 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=2012%E5%B9%B4%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.date=2013-05-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepaper.syd.com.cn%2Fsyrb%2Fhtml%2F2013-05%2F19%2Fcontent_911292.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cn.nikkei.com/industry/icar/6058-20130722.html"><bdi lang="zh">宝马开启沈阳时代</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nikkei" title="The Nikkei">The Nikkei</a> Chinese</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140323105149/https://cn.nikkei.com/industry/icar/6058-20130722.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nikkei+Chinese&rft.atitle=%E5%AE%9D%E9%A9%AC%E5%BC%80%E5%90%AF%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcn.nikkei.com%2Findustry%2Ficar%2F6058-20130722.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-沈飞航空-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-沈飞航空_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://military.people.com.cn/GB/42966/4822371.html"><bdi lang="zh">沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">人民网</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215125605/http://military.people.com.cn/GB/42966/4822371.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%EF%BC%88%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%EF%BC%89%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmilitary.people.com.cn%2FGB%2F42966%2F4822371.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF杨吉平2005" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script">杨吉平 (29 March 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmw.cn/01gmrb/2005-03/29/content_205469.htm"><bdi lang="zh">东软集团成为最大软件外包提供商</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Guangming_Daily" title="Guangming Daily">Guangming Daily</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131214022348/http://www.gmw.cn/01gmrb/2005-03/29/content_205469.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guangming+Daily&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%9C%E8%BD%AF%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%88%90%E4%B8%BA%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%96%E5%8C%85%E6%8F%90%E4%BE%9B%E5%95%86&rft.date=2005-03-29&rft.au=%E6%9D%A8%E5%90%89%E5%B9%B3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmw.cn%2F01gmrb%2F2005-03%2F29%2Fcontent_205469.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF熊建_林丽鹂_罗艾桦_何勇2008" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script">熊建林丽鹂罗艾桦何勇 (4 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120618163329/http://www.sasac.gov.cn/n1180/n4175042/n4936827/n4936976/n5032829/5033293.html"><bdi lang="zh">沈阳机床攀上制高点</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sasac.gov.cn/n1180/n4175042/n4936827/n4936976/n5032829/5033293.html">the original</a> on 18 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=People%27s+Daily&rft.atitle=%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E6%9C%BA%E5%BA%8A+%E6%94%80%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%B6%E9%AB%98%E7%82%B9&rft.date=2008-07-04&rft.au=%E7%86%8A%E5%BB%BA+%E6%9E%97%E4%B8%BD%E9%B9%82+%E7%BD%97%E8%89%BE%E6%A1%A6+%E4%BD%95%E5%8B%87&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sasac.gov.cn%2Fn1180%2Fn4175042%2Fn4936827%2Fn4936976%2Fn5032829%2F5033293.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GDP_of_cities_and_counties_in_Liaoning-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GDP_of_cities_and_counties_in_Liaoning_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Liaoning Statistical Yearbook</i>. 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liaoning+Statistical+Yearbook&rft.date=2009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script"> <bdi lang="zh">11月19日早晨6时沈阳主干道全部"打通"</bdi>. <bdi lang="zh">《沈阳日报》</bdi>. 20 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=11%E6%9C%8819%E6%97%A5%E6%97%A9%E6%99%A86%E6%97%B6+%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E4%B8%BB%E5%B9%B2%E9%81%93%E5%85%A8%E9%83%A8%22%E6%89%93%E9%80%9A%22&rft.date=2013-11-20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-东北地区最大航站楼启用(组图)-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-东北地区最大航站楼启用(组图)_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF潘昱龙2013" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script">潘昱龙 (15 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://roll.sohu.com/20130815/n384265773.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">东北地区最大航站楼启用(组图)</bdi></a>. <i>Sohu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sohu&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E8%88%AA%E7%AB%99%E6%A5%BC%E5%90%AF%E7%94%A8%28%E7%BB%84%E5%9B%BE%29&rft.date=2013-08-15&rft.au=%E6%BD%98%E6%98%B1%E9%BE%99&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Froll.sohu.com%2F20130815%2Fn384265773.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131001214413/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/photo/2013-04/21/c_132327435.htm">"Harbin-Dalian High-speed railway starts summer schedule"</a>. Xinhua. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/photo/2013-04/21/c_132327435.htm">the original</a> on 1 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harbin-Dalian+High-speed+railway+starts+summer+schedule&rft.pub=Xinhua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2Fphoto%2F2013-04%2F21%2Fc_132327435.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">中国铁道出版社地图制作中心编. 中华人民共和国铁路地图集. 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9787113055547" title="Special:BookSources/9787113055547">9787113055547</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hscb-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hscb_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF李淑娟2009" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script">李淑娟 (26 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131212043350/http://news.liao1.com/epaper/hscb/html/2009-09/26/content_129031.htm"><bdi lang="zh">沈阳北站被称为"东北第一站"</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">《华商晨报》</bdi>. Shenyang, Liaoning. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.liao1.com/epaper/hscb/html/2009-09/26/content_129031.htm">the original</a> on 12 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%8C%97%E7%AB%99%E8%A2%AB%E7%A7%B0%E4%B8%BA%22%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%AB%99%22&rft.date=2009-09-26&rft.au=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B7%91%E5%A8%9F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.liao1.com%2Fepaper%2Fhscb%2Fhtml%2F2009-09%2F26%2Fcontent_129031.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203112158/http://news.liao1.com/newspage/2009/08/4319472.html"><bdi lang="zh">沈阳北站："京哈铁路"动脉上的心脏</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">《沈阳日报》</bdi>. 23 August 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.liao1.com/newspage/2009/08/4319472.html">the original</a> on 3 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%8C%97%E7%AB%99%EF%BC%9A%22%E4%BA%AC%E5%93%88%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF%22%E5%8A%A8%E8%84%89%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E5%BF%83%E8%84%8F&rft.date=2009-08-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.liao1.com%2Fnewspage%2F2009%2F08%2F4319472.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-沈阳站西-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-沈阳站西_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF李莉2010" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script">李莉 (21 December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131212193719/http://liaoning.nen.com.cn/liaoning/223/3678223.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">沈阳站西出口明年底建成西广场建设规划已敲定</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">《沈阳日报》</bdi>. 沈阳日报传媒集团. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://liaoning.nen.com.cn/liaoning/223/3678223.shtml">the original</a> on 12 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E7%AB%99%E8%A5%BF%E5%87%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%98%8E%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%95%E5%BB%BA%E6%88%90+%E8%A5%BF%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92%E5%B7%B2%E6%95%B2%E5%AE%9A&rft.date=2010-12-21&rft.au=%E6%9D%8E%E8%8E%89&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fliaoning.nen.com.cn%2Fliaoning%2F223%2F3678223.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-siberia-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-siberia_107-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/db-schenker-to-launch-daily-freight-train-to-china.html">DB Schenker to launch daily freight train to China</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120621041859/http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/db-schenker-to-launch-daily-freight-train-to-china.html">Archived</a> June 21, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Railway_Gazette_International" title="Railway Gazette International">Railway Gazette International</a></i>, 30 September 2011. Accessed: 4 October 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-桃仙机场-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-桃仙机场_108-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syghgt.gov.cn/ywpd/cxgh/ghbz/xjxxxgh/content/4028e4822ee17ee6012ee23f9b8101a7.html"><bdi lang="zh">桃仙机场T3航站楼</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). Shenyang Planning and Land and Resources Bureau (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳市规划和国土资源局</span></span>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130726235414/http://www.syghgt.gov.cn/ywpd/cxgh/ghbz/xjxxxgh/content/4028e4822ee17ee6012ee23f9b8101a7.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%A1%83%E4%BB%99%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BAT3%E8%88%AA%E7%AB%99%E6%A5%BC&rft.pub=Shenyang+Planning+and+Land+and+Resources+Bureau+%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22%3E%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E5%B1%80%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syghgt.gov.cn%2Fywpd%2Fcxgh%2Fghbz%2Fxjxxxgh%2Fcontent%2F4028e4822ee17ee6012ee23f9b8101a7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-桃仙机场2-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-桃仙机场2_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130628080922/http://jt.china.com.cn/jtzs/jtjs/2012-12-12/242741.html"><bdi lang="zh">沈阳桃仙国际机场T3航站明年投入使用</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">中国网</bdi> (in Simplified Chinese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jt.china.com.cn/jtzs/jtjs/2012-12-12/242741.html">the original</a> on 28 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E6%A1%83%E4%BB%99%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BAT3%E8%88%AA%E7%AB%99%E6%98%8E%E5%B9%B4%E6%8A%95%E5%85%A5%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjt.china.com.cn%2Fjtzs%2Fjtjs%2F2012-12-12%2F242741.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-最早机场东塔机场-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-最早机场东塔机场_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYang_Qinglin_(杨清林Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text)2010" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script">Yang Qinglin (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">杨清林</span></span>) (9 December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111227152020/http://lnfzb.com/news_view.aspx?id=20101209205707356"><bdi lang="zh">27年前，遭劫持的飞机从东塔机场起飞</bdi></a>. <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">《辽宁法制报》</span></span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lnfzb.com/news_view.aspx?id=20101209205707356">the original</a> on 27 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=27%E5%B9%B4%E5%89%8D%EF%BC%8C%E9%81%AD%E5%8A%AB%E6%8C%81%E7%9A%84%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA%E4%BB%8E%E4%B8%9C%E5%A1%94%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA%E8%B5%B7%E9%A3%9E&rft.date=2010-12-09&rft.au=Yang+Qinglin+%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22%3E%E6%9D%A8%E6%B8%85%E6%9E%97%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lnfzb.com%2Fnews_view.aspx%3Fid%3D20101209205707356&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-东塔机场-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-东塔机场_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131219021927/http://epaper.lnd.com.cn/html/lnrb/20130525/lnrb1206617.html"><bdi lang="zh">沈阳东塔机场曾是奉系空军诞生地</bdi></a>. <i>Liaoning Daily</i>. 25 May 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epaper.lnd.com.cn/html/lnrb/20130525/lnrb1206617.html">the original</a> on 19 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Liaoning+Daily&rft.atitle=%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E4%B8%9C%E5%A1%94%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA%E6%9B%BE%E6%98%AF%E5%A5%89%E7%B3%BB%E7%A9%BA%E5%86%9B%E8%AF%9E%E7%94%9F%E5%9C%B0&rft.date=2013-05-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepaper.lnd.com.cn%2Fhtml%2Flnrb%2F20130525%2Flnrb1206617.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071203034919/http://www.caac.gov.cn/H1/W1/200701/t20070118_1219.html"><bdi lang="zh">于洪全胜机场</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">中国民用航空局</span></span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caac.gov.cn/h1/w1/200701/t20070118_1219.html">the original</a> on 3 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%BA%8E%E6%B4%AA%E5%85%A8%E8%83%9C%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA&rft.pub=%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22%3E%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E7%94%A8%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%B1%80%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caac.gov.cn%2Fh1%2Fw1%2F200701%2Ft20070118_1219.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929070544/http://www.syboke.com/user1/coolboy/archives/2006/6956.html"><bdi lang="zh">沈阳公交线路表(市区线路)-心·路</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syboke.com/user1/coolboy/archives/2006/6956.html">the original</a> on 29 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%85%AC%E4%BA%A4%E7%BA%BF%E8%B7%AF%E8%A1%A8%28%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%BA%E7%BA%BF%E8%B7%AF%29-%E5%BF%83%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syboke.com%2Fuser1%2Fcoolboy%2Farchives%2F2006%2F6956.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-沈阳公交通史4-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-沈阳公交通史4_114-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shenyangbus.com/a/gjls/2010/0614/249.html"><bdi lang="zh">沈阳市区公共交通史（四）新中国成立后的公共交通（1949–1957</bdi></a>. Shenyang Bus. 14 June 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140219141016/http://www.shenyangbus.com/a/gjls/2010/0614/249.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%BA%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%8F%B2%EF%BC%88%E5%9B%9B%EF%BC%89%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%88%90%E7%AB%8B%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%EF%BC%881949%E2%80%931957&rft.pub=Shenyang+Bus&rft.date=2010-06-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shenyangbus.com%2Fa%2Fgjls%2F2010%2F0614%2F249.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF沈阳市人民政府地方志编撰办公室1989" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">沈阳市人民政府地方志编撰办公室 (1989). <bdi lang="zh">沈阳市志</bdi>. 沈阳出版社. p. 51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/7-80556-000-5" title="Special:BookSources/7-80556-000-5"><bdi>7-80556-000-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82%E5%BF%97&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=7-80556-000-5&rft.au=%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%BF%97%E7%BC%96%E6%92%B0%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-地铁故事-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-地铁故事_116-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shenyangbus.com/a/sydt/dtdsj/2010/0628/329.html"><bdi lang="zh">沈阳地铁大事记（1940年-2010年）</bdi></a>. Shenyang Bus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120105051656/http://shenyangbus.com/a/sydt/dtdsj/2010/0628/329.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%9C%B0%E9%93%81%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%8B%E8%AE%B0%EF%BC%881940%E5%B9%B4-2010%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89&rft.pub=Shenyang+Bus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shenyangbus.com%2Fa%2Fsydt%2Fdtdsj%2F2010%2F0628%2F329.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.symtc.com"><bdi lang="zh">沈阳地铁官方网站</bdi></a>. Symtc.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100211094836/http://www.symtc.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Shenyang Sport University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E6%AC%A2%E8%BF%8E%E6%82%A8%EF%BC%81&rft.pub=Shenyang+Sport+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syty.edu.cn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-沈阳饮食-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-沈阳饮食_130-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-沈阳饮食_130-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120725015457/http://wenhua.syd.com.cn/content/2011-12/30/content_25940042.htm"><bdi lang="zh">游转沈阳特色美食</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">盛京文化网</bdi>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wenhua.syd.com.cn/content/2011-12/30/content_25940042.htm">the original</a> on 25 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%B8%B8%E8%BD%AC%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E7%BE%8E%E9%A3%9F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwenhua.syd.com.cn%2Fcontent%2F2011-12%2F30%2Fcontent_25940042.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-盛京满汉-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-盛京满汉_131-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130219003825/http://subject.syd.com.cn/content/2009-05/08/content_24481982.htm"><bdi lang="zh">盛京满汉全席</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">沈阳网</bdi>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://subject.syd.com.cn/content/2009-05/08/content_24481982.htm">the original</a> on 19 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E7%9B%9B%E4%BA%AC%E6%BB%A1%E6%B1%89%E5%85%A8%E5%B8%AD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsubject.syd.com.cn%2Fcontent%2F2009-05%2F08%2Fcontent_24481982.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syszwy.com.cn/">"Shenyang Botanical Garden&Shenyang EXPO Garden"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130819043229/http://www.syszwy.com.cn/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shenyang+Botanical+Garden%26Shenyang+EXPO+Garden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syszwy.com.cn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYongqi2017" class="citation news cs1">Yongqi, Hu (24 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2017livisitausnzl/2017-03/24/content_28671310.htm">"New Australian consulate general planned to facilitate appliers in Northeast China"</a>. <a href="/wiki/China_Daily" title="China Daily">China Daily</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042159/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2017livisitausnzl/2017-03/24/content_28671310.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+Australian+consulate+general+planned+to+facilitate+appliers+in+Northeast+China&rft.date=2017-03-24&rft.aulast=Yongqi&rft.aufirst=Hu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fworld%2F2017livisitausnzl%2F2017-03%2F24%2Fcontent_28671310.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBishop2017" class="citation pressrelease cs1">Bishop, Julie (24 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignminister.gov.au/releases/Pages/2017/jb_mr_171124.aspx?w=tb1CaGpkPX%2FlS0K%2Bg9ZKEg%3D%3D">"Celebrating 45 years of Australia-China relations"</a> (Press release). Australian Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180316065115/https://foreignminister.gov.au/releases/Pages/2017/jb_mr_171124.aspx?w=tb1CaGpkPX%2FlS0K%2Bg9ZKEg%3D%3D">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Celebrating+45+years+of+Australia-China+relations&rft.pub=Australian+Government&rft.date=2017-11-24&rft.aulast=Bishop&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignminister.gov.au%2Freleases%2FPages%2F2017%2Fjb_mr_171124.aspx%3Fw%3Dtb1CaGpkPX%252FlS0K%252Bg9ZKEg%253D%253D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://china.embassy.gov.au/bjng/20111115AustradeShenyangopening-eng.html">"The Australian Trade Commission Extends its Reach in China"</a>. <i>Australian Embassy, China</i>. DFAT. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201033330/http://china.embassy.gov.au/bjng/20111115AustradeShenyangopening-eng.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Embassy%2C+China&rft.atitle=The+Australian+Trade+Commission+Extends+its+Reach+in+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchina.embassy.gov.au%2Fbjng%2F20111115AustradeShenyangopening-eng.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.embassypages.com/city/shenyang">"Consulates in Shenyang, China"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consulates+in+Shenyang%2C+China&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.embassypages.com%2Fcity%2Fshenyang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161022085158/http://www.syfao.gov.cn/Article/tslm/yhcs/"><bdi lang="zh">友好城市</bdi></a> (in Chinese). <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳市人民政府外事（侨务）办公室</span></span> [Shenyang People's Government Foreign Affairs (Overseas Chinese Services) Office]. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syfao.gov.cn/Article/tslm/yhcs/">the original</a> on 22 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%8F%8B%E5%A5%BD%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82&rft.pub=%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22%3E%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%8B%EF%BC%88%E4%BE%A8%E5%8A%A1%EF%BC%89%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text+%5BShenyang+People%27s+Government+Foreign+Affairs+%28Overseas+Chinese+Services%29+Office%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syfao.gov.cn%2FArticle%2Ftslm%2Fyhcs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.belfastcity.gov.uk/News/News-66404.aspx">"Belfast signs Sister City Agreement with Shenyang, China today to collaborate in number of areas"</a>. Belfast City Council. 18 May 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161022023632/http://www.belfastcity.gov.uk/News/News-66404.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Belfast+signs+Sister+City+Agreement+with+Shenyang%2C+China+today+to+collaborate+in+number+of+areas&rft.pub=Belfast+City+Council&rft.date=2016-05-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.belfastcity.gov.uk%2FNews%2FNews-66404.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCATSOULIS,_Jeannette2012" class="citation news cs1">CATSOULIS, Jeannette (12 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon.com/ent/movies/review/2007/04/19/btm/index_np.html">"West of the Tracks"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071207084736/http://www.salon.com/ent/movies/review/2007/04/19/btm/index_np.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=West+of+the+Tracks&rft.date=2012-02-12&rft.au=CATSOULIS%2C+Jeannette&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2Fent%2Fmovies%2Freview%2F2007%2F04%2F19%2Fbtm%2Findex_np.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Mukden"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Mukden">"Mukden" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mukden&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Avila Tàpies, Rosalia (2012) Territorialidad y etnicidad en Manchuria: el ejemplo de la ciudad de Mukden (Shenyang) bajo la ocupación japonesa.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/3765745/Territorialidad_y_etnicidad_en_Manchuria_El_ejemplo_de_la_ciudad_de_Mukden_Shenyang_bajo_la_ocupaci%C3%B3n_japonesa_Territoriality_and_ethnicity_in_Manchuria_the_example_of_the_city_of_Mukden_Shenyang_under_Japanese_occupation_">Territorialidad y etnicidad en Manchuria: El ejemplo de la ciudad de Mukden (Shenyang) bajo la ocupación japonesa (Territoriality and ethnicity in Manchuria: the example of the city of Mukden (Shenyang) under Japanese occupation )</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151017014727/http://www.academia.edu/3765745/Territorialidad_y_etnicidad_en_Manchuria_El_ejemplo_de_la_ciudad_de_Mukden_Shenyang_bajo_la_ocupaci%C3%B3n_japonesa_Territoriality_and_ethnicity_in_Manchuria_the_example_of_the_city_of_Mukden_Shenyang_under_Japanese_occupation_">Archived</a> 2015-10-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Biblio 3W. Revista Bibliográfica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales</i>. [En línea]. Barcelona: <a href="/wiki/Universidad_de_Barcelona" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidad de Barcelona">Universidad de Barcelona</a>, 25 de enero de 2012, Vol. XVII, nº 959. <<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ub.es/geocrit/b3w-959.htm">Territorialidad y etnicidad en Manchuria: el ejemplo de la ciudad de Mukden (Shenyang) bajo la ocupacion japonesa</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221126053024/https://www.ub.edu/geocrit/b3w-959.htm">Archived</a> 2022-11-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1138-9796">1138-9796</a>.</li> <li>Hata, Ikuhiro. "Continental Expansion: 1905–1941". In <i>The Cambridge History of Japan</i>. Vol. 6. Cambridge University Press. 1988.</li> <li>Menning, Bruce W. <i>Bayonets before Battle: The Imperial Russian Army, 1861–1914</i>. Indiana University. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-21380-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-21380-0">0-253-21380-0</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmerColtonKramer2007" class="citation book cs1">Palmer, R. R.; Colton, Joel; Kramer, Lloyd (2007). <i>A History of the Modern World</i> (10th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-310748-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-310748-6"><bdi>978-0-07-310748-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Modern+World&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&rft.edition=10th&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-07-310748-6&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=R.+R.&rft.au=Colton%2C+Joel&rft.au=Kramer%2C+Lloyd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShenyang" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Shubert, John. <i>A Biography of Yoshiko Yamaguchi</i>. See www.yoshikoyamaguchi.blogspot.com</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/15px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/23px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/30px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text from </i>The Century illustrated monthly magazine, Volume 68<i>, a publication from 1904, now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> in the United States.</i></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/15px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/23px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/30px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text from </i>The Century: a popular quarterly, Volume 68<i>, by Making of America Project, a publication from 1904, now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> in the United States.</i></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media 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/></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shenyang" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Shenyang">Shenyang</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sub-provincial_City_of_Shenyang" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shenyang" title="Template:Shenyang"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shenyang" title="Template talk:Shenyang"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shenyang" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shenyang"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sub-provincial_City_of_Shenyang" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Sub-provincial City of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shenyang</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shenhe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenhe District">Shenhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huanggu District">Huanggu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heping_District,_Shenyang" class="mw-redirect" title="Heping District, Shenyang">Heping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadong District">Dadong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiexi_District,_Shenyang" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiexi District, Shenyang">Tiexi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sujiatun_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Sujiatun District">Sujiatun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongling District">Dongling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenbei_New_Area" title="Shenbei New Area">Shenbei New Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuhong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuhong District">Yuhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunnan_New_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunnan New Area">Hunnan New Area</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_na"><a href="#endnote_na">*</a></sup></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><div style="padding-right:0.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shenyang_mcp.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Shenyang"><img alt="Shenyang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Shenyang_mcp.png/100px-Shenyang_mcp.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Shenyang_mcp.png/150px-Shenyang_mcp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Shenyang_mcp.png/200px-Shenyang_mcp.png 2x" data-file-width="368" data-file-height="614" /></a></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">County-level cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinmin,_Liaoning" title="Xinmin, Liaoning">Xinmin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Counties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faku_County" title="Faku County">Faku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaozhong_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Liaozhong County">Liaozhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangping_County" title="Kangping County">Kangping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mukden_Palace" title="Mukden Palace">Mukden Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuling_Tomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuling Tomb">Fuling Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beiling_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Beiling Park">Beiling Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture & demographics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Errenzhuan" title="Errenzhuan">Errenzhuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenyang dialect">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukden_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukden Incident">Mukden Incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University_(China)" title="Northeastern University (China)">Northeastern University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning_University" title="Liaoning University">Liaoning University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Medical_University_(PRC)" class="mw-redirect" title="China Medical University (PRC)">China Medical University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Metro" title="Shenyang Metro">Shenyang Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingshen_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingshen Expressway">Jingshen Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Taoxian_International_Airport" title="Shenyang Taoxian International Airport">Shenyang Taoxian International Airport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_na"><b><a href="#ref_na">^*</a></b></span> Not formal division</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Metropolitan_cities_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Template:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Template talk:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Metropolitan_cities_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China_by_population" title="List of cities in China by population">Metropolitan cities of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Major_metropolitan_regions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Megalopolises_in_China" title="Megalopolises in China">Major metropolitan regions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jing-Jin-Ji" title="Jing-Jin-Ji">Jing-Jin-Ji (BJ-TJ-HE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong%E2%80%93Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Macau_Greater_Bay_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area">Greater Bay Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_Delta" title="Yangtze Delta">Yangtze Delta (SH-JS-ZJ)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhongyuan_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhongyuan Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Zhongyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chengyu_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chengyu Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Chengyu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross-Strait_Western_Coastal_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cross-Strait Western Coastal Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Cross-Strait Western Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guanzhong_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guanzhong Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Guanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mid-Southern_Liaoning_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid-Southern Liaoning Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Mid-Southern Liaoning</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_Peninsula_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shandong Peninsula Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Shandong Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangtze_River_Midstream_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yangtze River Midstream Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Yangtze River Midstream (Yangtze River Valley)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Major_cities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major cities</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Central_City" class="mw-redirect" title="National Central City">National Central Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a><sup>b2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a><sup>a2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a><sup>a2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Central_City" class="mw-redirect" title="National Central City">Regional Central Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shenyang</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a><sup>b</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a><sup>b2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shenyang</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a><sup>b</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provincial capitals<br />(<a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang">Guiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou">Haikou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming">Kunming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang">Shijiazhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining">Xining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taibei</a></i><sup>5</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous regional capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Nanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi">Ürümqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan">Yinchuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparatively large cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handan" title="Handan">Handan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiqihar" title="Qiqihar">Qiqihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangshan" title="Tangshan">Tangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Prefecture-level_cities_by_province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level cities</a> by province</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Shijiazhuang*</li> <li>Tangshan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao" title="Qinhuangdao">Qinhuangdao</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li>Handan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingtai" title="Xingtai">Xingtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoding" title="Baoding">Baoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Chengde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangzhou" title="Cangzhou">Cangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langfang" title="Langfang">Langfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengshui" title="Hengshui">Hengshui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Taiyuan*</li> <li>Datong*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuozhou" title="Shuozhou">Shuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hohhot*</li> <li>Baotou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifeng" title="Chifeng">Chifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongliao" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_City" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulunbuir" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayannur" title="Bayannur">Bayannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanqab" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Shenyang*</li> <li>Dalian*</li> <li>Anshan*</li> <li>Fushun*</li> <li>Benxi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changchun*</li> <li>Jilin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siping,_Jilin" title="Siping, Jilin">Siping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyuan" title="Liaoyuan">Liaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonghua" title="Tonghua">Tonghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baishan" title="Baishan">Baishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songyuan" title="Songyuan">Songyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baicheng" title="Baicheng">Baicheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Harbin*</li> <li>Qiqihar*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jixi" title="Jixi">Jixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegang" title="Hegang">Hegang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangyashan" title="Shuangyashan">Shuangyashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daqing" title="Daqing">Daqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Heilongjiang" title="Yichun, Heilongjiang">Yīchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiamusi" title="Jiamusi">Jiamusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qitaihe" title="Qitaihe">Qitaihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudanjiang" title="Mudanjiang">Mudanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heihe" title="Heihe">Heihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suihua" title="Suihua">Suihua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanjing*</li> <li>Wuxi*</li> <li>Xuzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></li> <li>Suzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai%27an" title="Huai'an">Huai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancheng" title="Yancheng">Yancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Tàizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hangzhou*</li> <li>Ningbo*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua" title="Jinhua">Jinhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Quzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Zhejiang" title="Taizhou, Zhejiang">Tāizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui" title="Lishui">Lishui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hefei*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengbu" title="Bengbu">Bengbu</a></li> <li>Huainan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaibei" title="Huaibei">Huaibei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongling" title="Tongling">Tongling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshan_City" title="Huangshan City">Huangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyang" title="Fuyang">Fuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou,_Anhui" title="Suzhou, Anhui">Sùzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%27an" title="Lu'an">Lu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozhou" title="Bozhou">Bozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Fuzhou*</li> <li>Xiamen*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putian" title="Putian">Putian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanming" title="Sanming">Sanming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanping" title="Nanping">Nanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longyan" title="Longyan">Longyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningde" title="Ningde">Ningde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanchang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingdezhen" title="Jingdezhen">Jingdezhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang" title="Pingxiang">Pingxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyu" title="Xinyu">Xinyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingtan" title="Yingtan">Yingtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzhou" title="Ganzhou">Ganzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an" title="Ji'an">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Jiangxi" title="Yichun, Jiangxi">Yíchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou,_Jiangxi" title="Fuzhou, Jiangxi">Fǔzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangrao" title="Shangrao">Shangrao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jinan*</li> <li>Qingdao*</li> <li>Zibo*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiwu" title="Laiwu">Laiwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Zhengzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li>Luoyang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wuhan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshi" title="Huangshi">Huangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan" title="Shiyan">Shiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichang" title="Yichang">Yichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Ezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingmen" title="Jingmen">Jingmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaogan" title="Xiaogan">Xiaogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianning" title="Xianning">Xianning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suizhou" title="Suizhou">Suizhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changsha*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangtan" title="Xiangtan">Xiangtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoyang" title="Shaoyang">Shaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changde" title="Changde">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiajie" title="Zhangjiajie">Zhangjiajie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenzhou" title="Chenzhou">Chenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongzhou" title="Yongzhou">Yongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaihua" title="Huaihua">Huaihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudi" title="Loudi">Loudi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Guangzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></li> <li>Shenzhen*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaozhou" title="Chaozhou">Chaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanning*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuzhou" title="Liuzhou">Liuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilin" title="Guilin">Guilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhou" title="Wuzhou">Wuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihai" title="Beihai">Beihai</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangchenggang" title="Fangchenggang">Fangchenggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinzhou" title="Qinzhou">Qinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guigang" title="Guigang">Guigang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Guangxi" title="Yulin, Guangxi">Yùlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baise" title="Baise">Baise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou" title="Hezhou">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hechi" title="Hechi">Hechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laibin" title="Laibin">Laibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzuo" title="Chongzuo">Chongzuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a><sup>1</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Haikou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanya" title="Sanya">Sanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansha" title="Sansha">Sansha</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danzhou" title="Danzhou">Danzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chengdu*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigong" title="Zigong">Zigong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzhihua" title="Panzhihua">Panzhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Luzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deyang" title="Deyang">Deyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianyang" title="Mianyang">Mianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangyuan" title="Guangyuan">Guangyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining" title="Suining">Suining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neijiang" title="Neijiang">Neijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan" title="Leshan">Leshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchong" title="Nanchong">Nanchong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meishan" title="Meishan">Meishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang%27an" title="Guang'an">Guang'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazhou" title="Dazhou">Dazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27an" title="Ya'an">Ya'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhong" title="Bazhong">Bazhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyang" title="Ziyang">Ziyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Guiyang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liupanshui" title="Liupanshui">Liupanshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunyi" title="Zunyi">Zunyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshun" title="Anshun">Anshun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijie" title="Bijie">Bijie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongren" title="Tongren">Tongren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Kunming*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qujing" title="Qujing">Qujing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuxi" title="Yuxi">Yuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoshan,_Yunnan" title="Baoshan, Yunnan">Baoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaotong" title="Zhaotong">Zhaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijiang" title="Lijiang">Lijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%27er_City" title="Pu'er City">Pu'er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincang" title="Lincang">Lincang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lhasa*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Shigatse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Chamdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingchi" title="Nyingchi">Nyingchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannan,_Tibet" title="Shannan, Tibet">Shannan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Xi'an*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yúlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankang" title="Ankang">Ankang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangluo" title="Shangluo">Shangluo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lanzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiayuguan_City" title="Jiayuguan City">Jiayuguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinchang" title="Jinchang">Jinchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyin" title="Baiyin">Baiyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianshui" title="Tianshui">Tianshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuwei,_Gansu" title="Wuwei, Gansu">Wuwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangye" title="Zhangye">Zhangye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingliang" title="Pingliang">Pingliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuquan" title="Jiuquan">Jiuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyang,_Gansu" title="Qingyang, Gansu">Qingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingxi" title="Dingxi">Dingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longnan" title="Longnan">Longnan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Xining*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidong" title="Haidong">Haidong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Yinchuan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuishan" title="Shizuishan">Shizuishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong,_Ningxia" title="Wuzhong, Ningxia">Wuzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyuan" title="Guyuan">Guyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongwei" title="Zhongwei">Zhongwei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ürümqi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamay" title="Karamay">Karamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hami" title="Hami">Hami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i><sup>5</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>(none)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_cities_(partly_shown_below)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China">Other cities</a> (partly shown below)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_China" title="Prefectures of China">Prefecture-level capitals</a><br />(County-level)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ulanhot" title="Ulanhot">Ulanhot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilinhot" title="Xilinhot">Xilinhot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiagedaqi_District" title="Jiagedaqi District">Jiagedaqi</a><sup>3</sup>, <a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enshi_City" title="Enshi City">Enshi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jishou" title="Jishou">Jishou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>：<a href="/wiki/Xichang" title="Xichang">Xichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangding" title="Kangding">Kangding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barkam" title="Barkam">Barkam</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xingyi,_Guizhou" title="Xingyi, Guizhou">Xingyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaili_City" title="Kaili City">Kaili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duyun" title="Duyun">Duyun</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chuxiong_City" title="Chuxiong City">Chuxiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengzi_City" title="Mengzi City">Mengzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenshan_City" title="Wenshan City">Wenshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinghong" title="Jinghong">Jinghong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dali_City" title="Dali City">Dali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangshi" title="Mangshi">Mangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangri-La,_Yunnan" title="Shangri-La, Yunnan">Shangri-La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushui" title="Lushui">Lushui</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a>: <a href="/wiki/Linxia_City" title="Linxia City">Linxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezuo" title="Hezuo">Hezuo</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yushu_City,_Qinghai" title="Yushu City, Qinghai">Yushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delingha" title="Delingha">Delingha</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>: <a href="/wiki/Changji" title="Changji">Changji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bole,_Xinjiang" title="Bole, Xinjiang">Bole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korla" title="Korla">Korla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yining" title="Yining">Yining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artush" title="Artush">Artush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksu_City" title="Aksu City">Aksu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar">Kashgar</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotan" title="Hotan">Hotan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacheng" title="Tacheng">Tacheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altay_City" title="Altay City">Altay</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Province-governed cities<br />(Sub-prefecture-level)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan">Jiyuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xiantao" title="Xiantao">Xiantao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianjiang,_Hubei" title="Qianjiang, Hubei">Qiánjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianmen" title="Tianmen">Tianmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shennongjia" title="Shennongjia">Shennongjia</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a><sup>1</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Wuzhishan_City" title="Wuzhishan City">Wuzhishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qionghai" title="Qionghai">Qionghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenchang" title="Wenchang">Wenchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanning" title="Wanning">Wanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongfang,_Hainan" title="Dongfang, Hainan">Dongfang</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> - <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Production_and_Construction_Corps" title="Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps">XPCC(Bingtuan) cities</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shihezi" title="Shihezi">Shihezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aral,_Xinjiang" title="Aral, Xinjiang">Aral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumxuk" title="Tumxuk">Tumxuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wujiaqu" title="Wujiaqu">Wujiaqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beitun_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Beitun City">Beitun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiemenguan_City" title="Tiemenguan City">Tiemenguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuanghe" title="Shuanghe">Shuanghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokdala" title="Kokdala">Kokdala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunyu,_Xinjiang" title="Kunyu, Xinjiang">Kunyu</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_China" title="Prefectures of China">Former Prefecture-level cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaohu" title="Chaohu">Chaohu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yumen_City" title="Yumen City">Yumen</a>，<a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongchuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongchuan District">Dongchuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shashi District">Shashi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fuling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuling District">Fuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanzhou District">Wanxian</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a>: <a href="/wiki/Meihekou" title="Meihekou">Meihekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongzhuling" title="Gongzhuling">Gongzhuling</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Sub-prefecture-level cities</a><br />(Prefecture-governed)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qian%27an,_Hebei" title="Qian'an, Hebei">Qian'an, Hebei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzhouli" title="Manzhouli">Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erenhot" title="Erenhot">Erenhot, Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golmud" title="Golmud">Golmud, Qinghai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="County-level_cities_by_province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">County-level cities</a> by province</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinji" title="Xinji">Xinji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou,_Hebei" title="Jinzhou, Hebei">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinle,_Hebei" title="Xinle, Hebei">Xinle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunhua" title="Zunhua">Zunhua</a></li> <li>Qian'an*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu%27an" title="Wu'an">Wu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangong" title="Nangong">Nangong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahe,_Hebei" title="Shahe, Hebei">Shahe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuozhou" title="Zhuozhou">Zhuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingzhou" title="Dingzhou">Dingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguo" title="Anguo">Anguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaobeidian" title="Gaobeidian">Gaobeidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botou" title="Botou">Botou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renqiu" title="Renqiu">Renqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanghua" title="Huanghua">Huanghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejian" title="Hejian">Hejian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhou,_Hebei" title="Bazhou, Hebei">Bazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhe,_Hebei" title="Sanhe, Hebei">Sanhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_City" title="Shenzhou City">Shenzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gujiao" title="Gujiao">Gujiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucheng_District,_Changzhi" title="Lucheng District, Changzhi">Lucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoping" title="Gaoping">Gaoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiexiu" title="Jiexiu">Jiexiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongji,_Shanxi" title="Yongji, Shanxi">Yongji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejin" title="Hejin">Hejin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanping" title="Yuanping">Yuanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houma,_Shanxi" title="Houma, Shanxi">Houma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huozhou" title="Huozhou">Huozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaoyi" title="Xiaoyi">Xiaoyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenyang" title="Fenyang">Fenyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holingol" title="Holingol">Holingol</a></li> <li>Manzhouli*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakeshi" title="Yakeshi">Yakeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalantun" title="Zalantun">Zhalantun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergun_City" title="Ergun City">Ergun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genhe" title="Genhe">Genhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengzhen" title="Fengzhen">Fengzhen</a></li> <li>Ulanhot*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arxan" title="Arxan">Arxan</a></li> <li>Erenhot*</li> <li>Xilinhot*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinmin,_Liaoning" title="Xinmin, Liaoning">Xinmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wafangdian" title="Wafangdian">Wafangdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuanghe" title="Zhuanghe">Zhuanghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haicheng,_Liaoning" title="Haicheng, Liaoning">Haicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donggang,_Liaoning" title="Donggang, Liaoning">Donggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengcheng,_Liaoning" title="Fengcheng, Liaoning">Fengcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linghai" title="Linghai">Linghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beizhen" title="Beizhen">Beizhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaizhou" title="Gaizhou">Gaizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashiqiao" title="Dashiqiao">Dashiqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengta" title="Dengta">Dengta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaobingshan" title="Diaobingshan">Diaobingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan,_Liaoning" title="Kaiyuan, Liaoning">Kaiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beipiao" title="Beipiao">Beipiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingyuan" title="Lingyuan">Lingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingcheng" title="Xingcheng">Xingcheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yushu,_Jilin" title="Yushu, Jilin">Yushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehui" title="Dehui">Dehui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaohe,_Jilin" title="Jiaohe, Jilin">Jiaohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huadian,_Jilin" title="Huadian, Jilin">Huadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulan" title="Shulan">Shulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panshi" title="Panshi">Panshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongzhuling" title="Gongzhuling">Gongzhuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangliao" title="Shuangliao">Shuangliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meihekou" title="Meihekou">Meihekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an,_Jilin" title="Ji'an, Jilin">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linjiang" title="Linjiang">Linjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu,_Jilin" title="Fuyu, Jilin">Fuyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taonan" title="Taonan">Taonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da%27an,_Jilin" title="Da'an, Jilin">Da'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanji" title="Yanji">Yanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumen,_Jilin" title="Tumen, Jilin">Tumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhua" title="Dunhua">Dunhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunchun" title="Hunchun">Hunchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjing,_Jilin" title="Longjing, Jilin">Longjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helong" title="Helong">Helong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shangzhi" title="Shangzhi">Shangzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuchang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuchang District">Wuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehe" title="Nehe">Nehe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulin" title="Hulin">Hulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishan" title="Mishan">Mishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieli" title="Tieli">Tieli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongjiang,_Heilongjiang" title="Tongjiang, Heilongjiang">Tongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujin_City" title="Fujin City">Fujin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyuan,_Heilongjiang" title="Fuyuan, Heilongjiang">Fuyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suifenhe" title="Suifenhe">Suifenhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailin" title="Hailin">Hailin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ning%27an" title="Ning'an">Ning'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muling" title="Muling">Muling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongning,_Heilongjiang" title="Dongning, Heilongjiang">Dongning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bei%27an" title="Bei'an">Bei'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wudalianchi" title="Wudalianchi">Wudalianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anda,_Heilongjiang" title="Anda, Heilongjiang">Anda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaodong" title="Zhaodong">Zhaodong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailun" title="Hailun">Hailun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyin" title="Jiangyin">Jiangyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yixing" title="Yixing">Yixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyi,_Jiangsu" title="Xinyi, Jiangsu">Xinyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizhou" title="Pizhou">Pizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liyang" title="Liyang">Liyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changshu" title="Changshu">Changshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiagang" title="Zhangjiagang">Zhangjiagang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunshan" title="Kunshan">Kunshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taicang" title="Taicang">Taicang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qidong,_Jiangsu" title="Qidong, Jiangsu">Qidong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugao" title="Rugao">Rugao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haimen" class="mw-redirect" title="Haimen">Haimen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongtai" title="Dongtai">Dongtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yizheng" title="Yizheng">Yizheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoyou" title="Gaoyou">Gaoyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danyang,_Jiangsu" title="Danyang, Jiangsu">Danyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhong" title="Yangzhong">Yangzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurong,_Jiangsu" title="Jurong, Jiangsu">Jurong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingjiang" title="Jingjiang">Jingjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taixing" title="Taixing">Taixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinghua,_Jiangsu" title="Xinghua, Jiangsu">Xinghua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiande" title="Jiande">Jiande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lin'an District">Lin'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuyao" title="Yuyao">Yuyao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cixi,_Zhejiang" title="Cixi, Zhejiang">Cixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenghua_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenghua District">Fenghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rui%27an" title="Rui'an">Rui'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueqing" title="Yueqing">Yueqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haining" title="Haining">Haining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinghu" title="Pinghu">Pinghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongxiang" title="Tongxiang">Tongxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuji" title="Zhuji">Zhuji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shengzhou" title="Shengzhou">Shengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanxi,_Zhejiang" title="Lanxi, Zhejiang">Lanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiwu" title="Yiwu">Yiwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongyang" title="Dongyang">Dongyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongkang,_Zhejiang" title="Yongkang, Zhejiang">Yongkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangshan" title="Jiangshan">Jiangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenling" title="Wenling">Wenling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linhai" title="Linhai">Linhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longquan" title="Longquan">Longquan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaohu" title="Chaohu">Chaohu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieshou" title="Jieshou">Jieshou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongcheng,_Anhui" title="Tongcheng, Anhui">Tongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianchang" title="Tianchang">Tianchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingguang" title="Mingguang">Mingguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningguo" title="Ningguo">Ningguo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuqing" title="Fuqing">Fuqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changle_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Changle District">Changle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yong%27an" title="Yong'an">Yong'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishi,_Fujian" title="Shishi, Fujian">Shishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinjiang,_Fujian" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinjiang, Fujian">Jinjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nan%27an,_Fujian" title="Nan'an, Fujian">Nan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhai_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Longhai City">Longhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaowu" title="Shaowu">Shaowu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuyishan,_Fujian" title="Wuyishan, Fujian">Wuyishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jian%27ou" title="Jian'ou">Jian'ou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangping" title="Zhangping">Zhangping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu%27an" title="Fu'an">Fu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuding" title="Fuding">Fuding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leping" title="Leping">Leping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruichang" title="Ruichang">Ruichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongqingcheng" title="Gongqingcheng">Gongqingcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushan_City" title="Lushan City">Lushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guixi" title="Guixi">Guixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruijin" title="Ruijin">Ruijin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinggangshan_City" title="Jinggangshan City">Jinggangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengcheng,_Jiangxi" title="Fengcheng, Jiangxi">Fengcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangshu" title="Zhangshu">Zhangshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao%27an" title="Gao'an">Gao'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexing,_Jiangxi" title="Dexing, Jiangxi">Dexing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhangqiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangqiu District">Zhangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_City" title="Jiaozhou City">Jiaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimo_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimo District">Jimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdu" title="Pingdu">Pingdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laixi" title="Laixi">Laixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengzhou" title="Tengzhou">Tengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longkou" title="Longkou">Longkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiyang" title="Laiyang">Laiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laizhou" title="Laizhou">Laizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penglai,_Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="Penglai, Shandong">Penglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoyuan,_Shandong" title="Zhaoyuan, Shandong">Zhaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qixia,_Shandong" title="Qixia, Shandong">Qixia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiyang" title="Haiyang">Haiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingzhou" title="Qingzhou">Qingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhucheng" title="Zhucheng">Zhucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shouguang" title="Shouguang">Shouguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqiu" title="Anqiu">Anqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaomi" title="Gaomi">Gaomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changyi,_Shandong" title="Changyi, Shandong">Changyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qufu" title="Qufu">Qufu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoucheng" title="Zoucheng">Zoucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xintai" title="Xintai">Xintai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feicheng" title="Feicheng">Feicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongcheng,_Shandong" title="Rongcheng, Shandong">Rongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushan,_Shandong" title="Rushan, Shandong">Rushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laoling" title="Laoling">Laoling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucheng,_Shandong" title="Yucheng, Shandong">Yucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linqing" title="Linqing">Linqing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gongyi" title="Gongyi">Gongyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingyang" title="Xingyang">Xingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinmi" title="Xinmi">Xinmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzheng" title="Xinzheng">Xinzheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengfeng" title="Dengfeng">Dengfeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanshi">Yanshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugang,_Henan" title="Wugang, Henan">Wugang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruzhou" title="Ruzhou">Ruzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linzhou,_Henan" title="Linzhou, Henan">Linzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihui" title="Weihui">Weihui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huixian" title="Huixian">Huixian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinyang" title="Qinyang">Qinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengzhou" title="Mengzhou">Mengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzhou,_Henan" title="Yuzhou, Henan">Yuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changge" title="Changge">Changge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yima,_Henan" title="Yima, Henan">Yima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingbao_City" title="Lingbao City">Lingbao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengzhou" title="Dengzhou">Dengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongcheng" title="Yongcheng">Yongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangcheng_City" title="Xiangcheng City">Xiangcheng</a></li> <li>Jiyuan*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daye" title="Daye">Daye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danjiangkou" title="Danjiangkou">Danjiangkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yidu" title="Yidu">Yidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangyang" title="Dangyang">Dangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhijiang,_Hubei" title="Zhijiang, Hubei">Zhijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laohekou" title="Laohekou">Laohekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaoyang" title="Zaoyang">Zaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yicheng,_Hubei" title="Yicheng, Hubei">Yicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongxiang" title="Zhongxiang">Zhongxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingcheng" title="Yingcheng">Yingcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anlu" title="Anlu">Anlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanchuan" title="Hanchuan">Hanchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishou" title="Shishou">Shishou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honghu" title="Honghu">Honghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songzi" title="Songzi">Songzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macheng" title="Macheng">Macheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxue" title="Wuxue">Wuxue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chibi,_Hubei" title="Chibi, Hubei">Chibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangshui" title="Guangshui">Guangshui</a></li> <li>Enshi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichuan,_Hubei" title="Lichuan, Hubei">Lichuan</a></li> <li>Xiantao*</li> <li>Qianjiang*</li> <li>Tianmen*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liuyang" title="Liuyang">Liuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liling" title="Liling">Liling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangxiang" title="Xiangxiang">Xiangxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoshan" title="Shaoshan">Shaoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiyang" title="Leiyang">Leiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changning,_Hunan" title="Changning, Hunan">Changning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugang,_Hunan" title="Wugang, Hunan">Wugang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miluo_City" title="Miluo City">Miluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linxiang,_Hunan" title="Linxiang, Hunan">Linxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinshi_City" title="Jinshi City">Jinshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanjiang" title="Yuanjiang">Yuanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zixing" title="Zixing">Zixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongjiang" title="Hongjiang">Hongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lengshuijiang" title="Lengshuijiang">Lengshuijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyuan" title="Lianyuan">Lianyuan</a></li> <li>Jishou*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lechang" title="Lechang">Lechang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanxiong" title="Nanxiong">Nanxiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taishan,_Guangdong" title="Taishan, Guangdong">Taishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiping" title="Kaiping">Kaiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangdong" title="Heshan, Guangdong">Heshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enping" title="Enping">Enping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianjiang,_Guangdong" title="Lianjiang, Guangdong">Lianjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leizhou" title="Leizhou">Leizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuchuan,_Guangdong" title="Wuchuan, Guangdong">Wuchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaozhou" title="Gaozhou">Gaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huazhou,_Guangdong" title="Huazhou, Guangdong">Huazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyi,_Guangdong" title="Xinyi, Guangdong">Xinyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sihui" title="Sihui">Sihui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingning,_Guangdong" title="Xingning, Guangdong">Xingning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufeng,_Guangdong" title="Lufeng, Guangdong">Lufeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangchun" title="Yangchun">Yangchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingde" title="Yingde">Yingde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianzhou" title="Lianzhou">Lianzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puning" title="Puning">Puning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoding" title="Luoding">Luoding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cenxi" title="Cenxi">Cenxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongxing,_Guangxi" title="Dongxing, Guangxi">Dongxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiping" title="Guiping">Guiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beiliu" title="Beiliu">Beiliu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingxi,_Guangxi" title="Jingxi, Guangxi">Jingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_Prefecture_(Guangxi)" title="Yi Prefecture (Guangxi)">Yizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangxi" title="Heshan, Guangxi">Heshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang,_Guangxi" title="Pingxiang, Guangxi">Pingxiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wuzhishan*</li> <li>Qionghai*</li> <li>Wenchang*</li> <li>Wanning*</li> <li>Dongfang*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dujiangyan_City" title="Dujiangyan City">Dujiangyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengzhou" title="Pengzhou">Pengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qionglai_City" title="Qionglai City">Qionglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzhou" title="Chongzhou">Chongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianyang,_Sichuan" title="Jianyang, Sichuan">Jianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanghan" title="Guanghan">Guanghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shifang" title="Shifang">Shifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianzhu" title="Mianzhu">Mianzhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyou" title="Jiangyou">Jiangyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emeishan_City" title="Emeishan City">Emeishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langzhong" title="Langzhong">Langzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaying" title="Huaying">Huaying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanyuan" title="Wanyuan">Wanyuan</a></li> <li>Barkam*</li> <li>Kangding*</li> <li>Xichang*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qingzhen" title="Qingzhen">Qingzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chishui_City" title="Chishui City">Chishui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renhuai" title="Renhuai">Renhuai</a></li> <li>Xingyi*</li> <li>Kaili*</li> <li>Duyun*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuquan,_Guizhou" title="Fuquan, Guizhou">Fuquan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anning,_Yunnan" title="Anning, Yunnan">Anning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanwei" title="Xuanwei">Xuanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengchong" title="Tengchong">Tengchong</a></li> <li>Chuxiong*</li> <li>Mengzi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gejiu" title="Gejiu">Gejiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan,_Yunnan" title="Kaiyuan, Yunnan">Kaiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile_City" title="Mile City">Mile</a></li> <li>Wenshan*</li> <li>Jinghong*</li> <li>Dali*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruili" title="Ruili">Ruili</a></li> <li>Mangshi*</li> <li>Lushui*</li> <li>Shangri-La*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(none)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xingping" title="Xingping">Xingping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancheng" title="Hancheng">Hancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayin" title="Huayin">Huayin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yumen_City" title="Yumen City">Yumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang">Dunhuang</a></li> <li>Linxia*</li> <li>Hezuo*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Yushu*</li> <li>Golmud*</li> <li>Delingha*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingwu" title="Lingwu">Lingwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingtongxia" title="Qingtongxia">Qingtongxia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changji*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukang" title="Fukang">Fukang</a></li> <li>Bole*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alashankou" title="Alashankou">Alashankou</a></li> <li>Korla*</li> <li>Aksu*</li> <li>Artush*</li> <li>Kashgar*</li> <li>Hotan*</li> <li>Yining*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuytun" title="Kuytun">Kuytun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorgas" class="mw-redirect" title="Khorgas">Korgas</a></li> <li>Tacheng*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wusu" title="Wusu">Wusu</a></li> <li>Altay*</li> <li>Shihezi*</li> <li>Aral*</li> <li>Tumxuk*</li> <li>Wujiaqu*</li> <li>Beitun*</li> <li>Tiemenguan*</li> <li>Shuanghe*</li> <li>Kokdala*</li> <li>Kunyu*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i><sup>5</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>(none)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Notes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">Notes</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">* Indicates this city has already occurred above.<br /> <p><sup>a</sup><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">Direct-administered municipalities</a>. <sup>b</sup><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities as provincial capitals</a>. <sup>c</sup><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Separate state-planning cities</a>. <sup>1</sup><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special economic-zone cities</a>. <sup>2</sup><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Open coastal cities</a>.<br /> <sup>3</sup>Prefecture capital status established by Heilongjiang Province and not recognized by Ministry of Civil Affairs. Disputed by <a href="/wiki/Oroqen_Autonomous_Banner" title="Oroqen Autonomous Banner">Oroqen Autonomous Banner</a>, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia as part of it.<br /> <sup>4</sup>Only administers islands and waters in South China Sea and have no urban core comparable to typical cities in China.<br /> <sup>5</sup>The claimed province of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a> no longer have any internal division announced by Ministry of Civil Affairs of PRC, due to lack of actual jurisdiction. See <a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan" title="Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan">Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan</a> instead.<br /> </p> All provincial capitals are listed first in prefecture-level cities by province.</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_China_by_jurisdiction" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Provincial_capitals_of_China" title="Template:Provincial capitals of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Provincial_capitals_of_China" title="Template talk:Provincial capitals of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Provincial_capitals_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Provincial capitals of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_China_by_jurisdiction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_China" title="List of capitals in China">Capitals of China by jurisdiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <p><b>National:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">PRC</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">ROC</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a></li></ul> <p><b>Provinces:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">AH</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">FJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a> (PRC) / <span style="color:black;background:lightpink"><a href="/wiki/Jincheng,_Kinmen" title="Jincheng, Kinmen">Jincheng</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fuchien_Province,_Republic_of_China" title="Fuchien Province, Republic of China">ROC</a>¹)</span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">GD</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">GS</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">GZ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang">Guiyang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">HA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">HB</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">HE</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang">Shijiazhuang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">HI</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou">Haikou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">HL</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">HN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">JL</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">JS</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">JX</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">LN</a></b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shenyang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">QH</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining">Xining</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">SC</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">SD</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">SN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">SX</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a></li> <li><span style="color:black;background:lightpink"><b><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">TW</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a> (PRC)¹ / <a href="/wiki/Zhongxing_New_Village" title="Zhongxing New Village">Zhongxing NV</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province" title="Taiwan Province">ROC</a>)</span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">YN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming">Kunming</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">ZJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li></ul> <p><b>Autonomous Regions:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">GX</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Nanning</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">NM</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">NX</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan">Yinchuan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">XJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi">Ürümqi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">XZ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a></li></ul> <p><b>Municipalities:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">BJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Tongzhou_District,_Beijing" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongzhou District, Beijing">Tongzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">CQ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Yuzhong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuzhong District">Yuzhong</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">SH</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Huangpu_District,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangpu District, Shanghai">Huangpu</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">TJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hexi_District,_Tianjin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexi District, Tianjin">Hexi</a></li></ul> <p><b>SARs:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">HK</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">MO</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.4em; line-height:1.3em;"><div>¹ — Taiwan and Fujian are administered as a streamlined provinces by the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a>, but those are claimed by the PRC.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County-level_divisions_of_Liaoning_Province" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Liaoning" title="Template:Liaoning"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Liaoning" title="Template talk:Liaoning"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Liaoning" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Liaoning"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County-level_divisions_of_Liaoning_Province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Liaoning" title="List of administrative divisions of Liaoning">County-level divisions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a> <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shenyang</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subdivisions_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subdivisions of China">capital</a>)</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shenyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shenhe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenhe District">Shenhe District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huanggu District">Huanggu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heping_District,_Shenyang" class="mw-redirect" title="Heping District, Shenyang">Heping District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadong District">Dadong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiexi_District,_Shenyang" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiexi District, Shenyang">Tiexi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sujiatun_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Sujiatun District">Sujiatun District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunnan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunnan District">Hunnan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenbei_New_Area" title="Shenbei New Area">Shenbei New Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuhong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuhong District">Yuhong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaozhong_District" title="Liaozhong District">Liaozhong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinmin,_Liaoning" title="Xinmin, Liaoning">Xinmin</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faku_County" title="Faku County">Faku County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangping_County" title="Kangping County">Kangping County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xigang_District,_Dalian" class="mw-redirect" title="Xigang District, Dalian">Xigang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan_District,_Dalian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongshan District, Dalian">Zhongshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahekou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahekou District">Shahekou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganjingzi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganjingzi District">Ganjingzi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCshunkou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lüshunkou District">Lüshunkou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinzhou District">Jinzhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulandian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulandian District">Pulandian District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wafangdian" title="Wafangdian">Wafangdian</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuanghe" title="Zhuanghe">Zhuanghe</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changhai_County" title="Changhai County">Changhai County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiedong_District,_Anshan" title="Tiedong District, Anshan">Tiedong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiexi_District,_Anshan" title="Tiexi District, Anshan">Tiexi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishan_District" title="Lishan District">Lishan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianshan_District" title="Qianshan District">Qianshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haicheng,_Liaoning" title="Haicheng, Liaoning">Haicheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an_County" title="Tai'an County">Tai'an County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiuyan_Manchu_Autonomous_County" title="Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County">Xiuyan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shuncheng_District" title="Shuncheng District">Shuncheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinfu_District,_Fushun" title="Xinfu District, Fushun">Xinfu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongzhou_District" title="Dongzhou District">Dongzhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanghua_District" title="Wanghua District">Wanghua District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushun_County,_Liaoning" title="Fushun County, Liaoning">Fushun County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinbin_Manchu_Autonomous_County" title="Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County">Xinbin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan_Manchu_Autonomous_County" title="Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County">Qingyuan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pingshan_District,_Benxi" title="Pingshan District, Benxi">Pingshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xihu_District,_Benxi" title="Xihu District, Benxi">Xihu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingshan_District,_Benxi" title="Mingshan District, Benxi">Mingshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanfen_District" title="Nanfen District">Nanfen District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benxi_Manchu_Autonomous_County" title="Benxi Manchu Autonomous County">Benxi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanren_Manchu_Autonomous_County" title="Huanren Manchu Autonomous County">Huanren County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhenxing_District" title="Zhenxing District">Zhenxing District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanbao_District" title="Yuanbao District">Yuanbao District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhen%27an_District" title="Zhen'an District">Zhen'an District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengcheng,_Liaoning" title="Fengcheng, Liaoning">Fengcheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donggang,_Liaoning" title="Donggang, Liaoning">Donggang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuandian_Manchu_Autonomous_County" title="Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County">Kuandian County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taihe_District" title="Taihe District">Taihe District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guta_District" title="Guta District">Guta District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linghe_District" title="Linghe District">Linghe District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linghai" title="Linghai">Linghai</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beizhen" title="Beizhen">Beizhen</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heishan_County" title="Heishan County">Heishan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_County,_Liaoning" title="Yi County, Liaoning">Yi County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhanqian_District" title="Zhanqian District">Zhanqian District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xishi_District" title="Xishi District">Xishi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayuquan_District" title="Bayuquan District">Bayuquan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laobian_District" title="Laobian District">Laobian District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashiqiao" title="Dashiqiao">Dashiqiao</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaizhou" title="Gaizhou">Gaizhou</a> city</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haizhou_District,_Fuxin" title="Haizhou District, Fuxin">Haizhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinqiu_District" title="Xinqiu District">Xinqiu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiping_District,_Fuxin" title="Taiping District, Fuxin">Taiping District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinghemen_District" title="Qinghemen District">Qinghemen District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xihe_District" title="Xihe District">Xihe District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangwu_County" title="Zhangwu County">Zhangwu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuxin_Mongol_Autonomous_County" title="Fuxin Mongol Autonomous County">Fuxin County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baita_District" title="Baita District">Baita District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wensheng_District" title="Wensheng District">Wensheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongwei_District" title="Hongwei District">Hongwei District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongchangling_District" title="Gongchangling District">Gongchangling District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizihe_District" title="Taizihe District">Taizihe District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengta" title="Dengta">Dengta</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang_County" title="Liaoyang County">Liaoyang County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinglongtai_District" title="Xinglongtai District">Xinglongtai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangtaizi_District" title="Shuangtaizi District">Shuangtaizi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawa_District" title="Dawa District">Dawa District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panshan_County" title="Panshan County">Panshan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yinzhou_District,_Tieling" title="Yinzhou District, Tieling">Yinzhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinghe_District,_Tieling" title="Qinghe District, Tieling">Qinghe District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaobingshan" title="Diaobingshan">Diaobingshan</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan,_Liaoning" title="Kaiyuan, Liaoning">Kaiyuan</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieling_County" title="Tieling County">Tieling County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xifeng_County,_Liaoning" title="Xifeng County, Liaoning">Xifeng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changtu_County" title="Changtu County">Changtu County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shuangta_District" title="Shuangta District">Shuangta District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longcheng_District" title="Longcheng District">Longcheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beipiao" title="Beipiao">Beipiao</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingyuan" title="Lingyuan">Lingyuan</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang_County" title="Chaoyang County">Chaoyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianping_County" title="Jianping County">Jianping County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harqin_Zuoyi_Mongol_Autonomous_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Harqin Zuoyi Mongol Autonomous County">Harqin Zuoyi County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longgang_District,_Huludao" title="Longgang District, Huludao">Longgang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianshan_District" title="Lianshan District">Lianshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanpiao_District" title="Nanpiao District">Nanpiao District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingcheng" title="Xingcheng">Xingcheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suizhong_County" title="Suizhong County">Suizhong County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianchang_County" title="Jianchang County">Jianchang County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=China&#124;alt=China_Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template talk:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=China&#124;alt=China_Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China" title="Prefecture-level divisions of China">Prefecture-level divisions of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Notes: *<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_current_and_former_capitals_of_the_subdivisions_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the current and former capitals of the subdivisions of China">Provincial capitals</a></b>, ★<a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division#Sub-provincial_municipalities" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities</a>, ☆<a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division#Sub-provincial_autonomous_prefecture" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial autonomous prefecture</a> <i>*<a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Sub prefectural-level divisions</a></i>, ✧"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparatively_larger_city&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comparatively larger city (page does not exist)">Comparatively larger city</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%83%E5%A4%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%B8%82" class="extiw" title="zh:较大的市">zh</a>]</span>" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">较大的市</span></span>) as approved by the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei"><b>Hefei</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengbu" title="Bengbu">Bengbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaibei" title="Huaibei">Huaibei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongling" title="Tongling">Tongling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshan_City" title="Huangshan City">Huangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyang" title="Fuyang">Fuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou,_Anhui" title="Suzhou, Anhui">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%27an" title="Lu'an">Lu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozhou" title="Bozhou">Bozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou"><b>Fuzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putian" title="Putian">Putian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanming" title="Sanming">Sanming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanping" title="Nanping">Nanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longyan" title="Longyan">Longyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningde" title="Ningde">Ningde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou"><b>Lanzhou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiayuguan_City" title="Jiayuguan City">Jiayuguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinchang" title="Jinchang">Jinchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyin" title="Baiyin">Baiyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianshui" title="Tianshui">Tianshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuwei,_Gansu" title="Wuwei, Gansu">Wuwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangye" title="Zhangye">Zhangye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingliang" title="Pingliang">Pingliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuquan" title="Jiuquan">Jiuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyang,_Gansu" title="Qingyang, Gansu">Qingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingxi" title="Dingxi">Dingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longnan" title="Longnan">Longnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linxia_Hui_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture">Linxia (Hui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gannan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Gannan (Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou"><b>Guangzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang"><b>Guiyang</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liupanshui" title="Liupanshui">Liupanshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunyi" title="Zunyi">Zunyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshun" title="Anshun">Anshun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijie" title="Bijie">Bijie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongren" title="Tongren">Tongren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianxinan_Buyei_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Qianxinan (Buyei and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiannan_Buyei_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Qiannan (Buyei and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiandongnan_Miao_and_Dong_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture">Qiandongnan (Miao and Dong)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou"><b>Haikou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanya" title="Sanya">Sanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danzhou" title="Danzhou">Danzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansha" title="Sansha">Sansha</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wuzhishan_City" title="Wuzhishan City"><i>Wuzhishan</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qionghai" title="Qionghai"><i>Qionghai</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wenchang" title="Wenchang"><i>Wenchang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wanning" title="Wanning"><i>Wanning</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Dongfang,_Hainan" title="Dongfang, Hainan"><i>Dongfang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Ding%27an_County" title="Ding'an County"><i>Ding'an County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tunchang_County" title="Tunchang County"><i>Tunchang County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Chengmai_County" title="Chengmai County"><i>Chengmai County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Lingao_County" title="Lingao County"><i>Lingao County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Baisha_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Baisha Li Autonomous County"><i>Baisha County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Changjiang_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Changjiang Li Autonomous County"><i>Changjiang County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Ledong_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Ledong Li Autonomous County"><i>Ledong County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Lingshui_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Lingshui Li Autonomous County"><i>Lingshui County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Baoting_Li_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County"><i>Baoting County</i> (Li and Miao)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qiongzhong_Li_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County"><i>Qiongzhong County</i> (Li and Miao)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang"><b>Shijiazhuang</b></a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Tangshan" title="Tangshan">Tangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao" title="Qinhuangdao">Qinhuangdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handan" title="Handan">Handan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingtai" title="Xingtai">Xingtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoding" title="Baoding">Baoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou "Kalgan"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Chengde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangzhou" title="Cangzhou">Cangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langfang" title="Langfang">Langfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengshui" title="Hengshui">Hengshui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou"><b>Zhengzhou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan"><i>Jiyuan</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan"><b>Wuhan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshi" title="Huangshi">Huangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan" title="Shiyan">Shiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichang" title="Yichang">Yichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Ezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingmen" title="Jingmen">Jingmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaogan" title="Xiaogan">Xiaogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingzhou" title="Jingzhou">Jingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianning" title="Xianning">Xianning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suizhou" title="Suizhou">Suizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enshi_Tujia_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Enshi (Tujia and Miao)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Xiantao" title="Xiantao"><i>Xiantao</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qianjiang,_Hubei" title="Qianjiang, Hubei"><i>Qianjiang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tianmen" title="Tianmen"><i>Tianmen</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shennongjia" title="Shennongjia"><i>Shennongjia Forestry District</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin"><b>Harbin</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiqihar" title="Qiqihar">Qiqihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jixi" title="Jixi">Jixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegang" title="Hegang">Hegang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangyashan" title="Shuangyashan">Shuangyashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daqing" title="Daqing">Daqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Heilongjiang" title="Yichun, Heilongjiang">Yichun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiamusi" title="Jiamusi">Jiamusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qitaihe" title="Qitaihe">Qitaihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudanjiang" title="Mudanjiang">Mudanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heihe" title="Heihe">Heihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suihua" title="Suihua">Suihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daxing%27anling_Prefecture" title="Daxing'anling Prefecture">Daxing'anling Prefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha"><b>Changsha</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangtan" title="Xiangtan">Xiangtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoyang" title="Shaoyang">Shaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changde" title="Changde">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiajie" title="Zhangjiajie">Zhangjiajie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenzhou" title="Chenzhou">Chenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongzhou" title="Yongzhou">Yongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaihua" title="Huaihua">Huaihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudi" title="Loudi">Loudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangxi_Tujia_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Xiangxi (Tujia and Miao)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun"><b>Changchun</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siping,_Jilin" title="Siping, Jilin">Siping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyuan" title="Liaoyuan">Liaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonghua" title="Tonghua">Tonghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baishan" title="Baishan">Baishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songyuan" title="Songyuan">Songyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baicheng" title="Baicheng">Baicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanbian_Korean_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture">Yanbian (Korean)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing"><b>Nanjing</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai%27an" title="Huai'an">Huai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancheng" title="Yancheng">Yancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang"><b>Nanchang</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingdezhen" title="Jingdezhen">Jingdezhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang" title="Pingxiang">Pingxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyu" title="Xinyu">Xinyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingtan" title="Yingtan">Yingtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzhou" title="Ganzhou">Ganzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an" title="Ji'an">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Jiangxi" title="Yichun, Jiangxi">Yichun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou,_Jiangxi" title="Fuzhou, Jiangxi">Fuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangrao" title="Shangrao">Shangrao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a class="mw-selflink selflink"><b>Shenyang</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining"><b>Xining</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidong" title="Haidong">Haidong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haibei_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Haibei (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangnan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Huangnan (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Hainan (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golog_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Golog "Guolog" (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yushu_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Yushu (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haixi_Mongol_and_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Haixi "Qaidam" (Mongol and Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu"><b>Chengdu</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigong" title="Zigong">Zigong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzhihua" title="Panzhihua">Panzhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Luzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deyang" title="Deyang">Deyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianyang" title="Mianyang">Mianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangyuan" title="Guangyuan">Guangyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining" title="Suining">Suining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neijiang" title="Neijiang">Neijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan" title="Leshan">Leshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchong" title="Nanchong">Nanchong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meishan" title="Meishan">Meishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang%27an" title="Guang'an">Guang'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazhou" title="Dazhou">Dazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhong" title="Bazhong">Bazhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyang" title="Ziyang">Ziyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27an" title="Ya'an">Ya'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngawa_Tibetan_and_Qiang_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture">Ngawa "Aba" (Tibetan and Qiang)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garz%C3%AA_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Garzê "Ganzi" (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangshan_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Liangshan (Yi)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an"><b>Xi'an</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankang" title="Ankang">Ankang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangluo" title="Shangluo">Shangluo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan"><b>Jinan</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan"><b>Taiyuan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuozhou" title="Shuozhou">Shuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei"><i><b>Taibei</b></i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Gaoxiong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Taipei" class="mw-redirect" title="New Taipei">Xinbei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taichung" title="Taichung">Taizhong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tainan" title="Tainan">Tainan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taoyuan,_Taiwan" title="Taoyuan, Taiwan">Taoyuan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming"><b>Kunming</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qujing" title="Qujing">Qujing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuxi" title="Yuxi">Yuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoshan,_Yunnan" title="Baoshan, Yunnan">Baoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaotong" title="Zhaotong">Zhaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijiang" title="Lijiang">Lijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%27er_City" title="Pu'er City">Pu'er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincang" title="Lincang">Lincang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuxiong_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Chuxiong (Yi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honghe_Hani_and_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Honghe (Hani and Yi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenshan_Zhuang_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Wenshan (Zhuang and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xishuangbanna_Dai_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture">Xishuangbanna (Dai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dali_Bai_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture">Dali (Bai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehong_Dai_and_Jingpo_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture">Dehong (Dai and Jingpo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nujiang_Lisu_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture">Nujiang (Lisu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%AAq%C3%AAn_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Dêqên Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Dêqên (Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou"><b>Hangzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua" title="Jinhua">Jinhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Quzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Zhejiang" title="Taizhou, Zhejiang">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui" title="Lishui">Lishui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">Autonomous <br />regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning"><b>Nanning</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuzhou" title="Liuzhou">Liuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilin" title="Guilin">Guilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhou" title="Wuzhou">Wuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihai" title="Beihai">Beihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangchenggang" title="Fangchenggang">Fangchenggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinzhou" title="Qinzhou">Qinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guigang" title="Guigang">Guigang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Guangxi" title="Yulin, Guangxi">Yulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baise" title="Baise">Baise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou" title="Hezhou">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hechi" title="Hechi">Hechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laibin" title="Laibin">Laibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzuo" title="Chongzuo">Chongzuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan"><b>Yinchuan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuishan" title="Shizuishan">Shizuishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong,_Ningxia" title="Wuzhong, Ningxia">Wuzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyuan" title="Guyuan">Guyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongwei" title="Zhongwei">Zhongwei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner <br />Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot"><b>Hohhot</b></a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifeng" title="Chifeng">Chifeng "Ulankhad"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongliao" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_City" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulunbuir" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayannur" title="Bayannur">Bayannur "Bayannao'er"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanqab" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinggan_League" title="Hinggan League">Hinggan League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilingol_League" title="Xilingol League">Xilingol League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alxa_League" title="Alxa League">Alxa League "Ālāshàn League"</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi"><b>Ürümqi</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamay" title="Karamay">Karamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hami" title="Hami">Hami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changji_Hui_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture">Changji (Hui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bortala_Mongol_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture">Bortala (Mongol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayingolin_Mongol_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture">Bayingolin (Mongol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizilsu_Kyrgyz_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture">Kizilsu (Kyrgyz)</a></li> <li>( ☆<a href="/wiki/Ili_Kazakh_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture">Ili (Kazakh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacheng_Prefecture" title="Tacheng Prefecture">Tacheng Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altay_Prefecture" title="Altay Prefecture">Altay Prefecture</a> )</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksu_Prefecture" title="Aksu Prefecture">Aksu Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashgar_Prefecture" title="Kashgar Prefecture">Kashgar "Kashi" Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotan_Prefecture" title="Hotan Prefecture">Hotan Prefecture</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shihezi" title="Shihezi"><i>Shihezi</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Aral,_Xinjiang" title="Aral, Xinjiang"><i>Aral</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tumxuk" title="Tumxuk"><i>Tumxuk</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wujiaqu" title="Wujiaqu"><i>Wujiaqu</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Beitun,_Xinjiang" title="Beitun, Xinjiang"><i>Beitun</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tiemenguan_City" title="Tiemenguan City"><i>Tiemenguan</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shuanghe" title="Shuanghe"><i>Shuanghe</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Kokdala" title="Kokdala"><i>Kokdala</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Kunyu,_Xinjiang" title="Kunyu, Xinjiang"><i>Kunyu</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Huyanghe" title="Huyanghe"><i>Huyanghe</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Xinxing,_Xinjiang" title="Xinxing, Xinjiang"><i>Xinxing</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)"><b>Lhasa</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Shigatse "Xigazê"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Chamdo "Qamdo"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingchi" title="Nyingchi">Nyingchi "Linzhi"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannan,_Tibet" title="Shannan, Tibet">Shannan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagqu" title="Nagqu">Nagqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngari_Prefecture" title="Ngari Prefecture">Ngari Prefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">Direct-administered municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/List_of_prefectures_in_China" title="List of prefectures in China"><i>List of prefectures in China</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China"><i>List of cities in China</i></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11720#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11720#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11720#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4256791-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81062631">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00648295">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5821407">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007564534405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/d8f7d240-ac9c-4558-b15c-3b104a9c7df1">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10046138">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&oldid=1258157589">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shenyang&oldid=1258157589</a>"</div></div> <div 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