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endangered, morphologically similar species, B. insignis from Kaua'i and Ni'ihau and B. rockii from Moloka'i. To assist the design of conservation management programs for these taxa, isozyme analyses were performed to assess the levels of genetic diversity at the population and species levels, including comparisons within and among seven natural populations and one ex situ collection each of B. insignis and B. rockii. Our sampling (N ϭ 80) represents ϳ41% of all known individuals in the wild. Isozyme analyses revealed levels of genetic variation comparable to those reported for other Hawaiian flowering plant taxa but low levels of genetic variation at the population and species levels when compared to flowering plants in general. Ex situ individuals (N ϭ 61) were genetically representative of natural populations and hence may appropriately serve as stock for population augmentations. The two morphologically similar Brighamia species were highly distinct genetically. The combination of morphological and ecological similarity with allozymic dissimilarity observed in Brighamia is unique among the Hawaiian taxa studied to date.","publication_date":"1998,,","publication_name":"American Journal of Botany","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"33360191"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Conservation Genetics of the Endangered Endemic Hawaiian Genus Brighamia (Campanulaceae","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [10706701,2702859]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" 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Clermontia (Campanulaceae) Based on ISSR Variation and Plastid Spacer Sequences","attachmentId":47377701,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10458024/Phylogeny_Floral_Evolution_and_Inter_Island_Dispersal_in_Hawaiian_Clermontia_Campanulaceae_Based_on_ISSR_Variation_and_Plastid_Spacer_Sequences","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10458024/Phylogeny_Floral_Evolution_and_Inter_Island_Dispersal_in_Hawaiian_Clermontia_Campanulaceae_Based_on_ISSR_Variation_and_Plastid_Spacer_Sequences"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="27830061" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27830061/Population_Genetics_of_the_Endemic_Hawaiian_Species_Chrysodracon_hawaiiensis_and_Chrysodracon_auwahiensis_Asparagaceae_Insights_from_RAPD_and_ISSR_Variation">Population Genetics of the Endemic Hawaiian Species Chrysodracon hawaiiensis and Chrysodracon auwahiensis (Asparagaceae): Insights from RAPD and ISSR Variation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2081140" href="https://nttu.academia.edu/PeiLuenLu">Pei-Luen Lu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The genus Chrysodracon has six endemic species in the Hawaii Islands. Chrysodracon hawaiiensis is endemic to Hawaii Island and was described as a distinct species in 1980. It was listed as an endangered species on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List in 1997. This woody plant species was, at one time, common in exposed dry forests, but it became very rare due to grazing pressure and human development. The tree species Chrysodracon auwahiensis (C. auwahiensis), endemic to Maui and Molokai, still has large adult populations in dry lands of the islands, but unfortunately no regeneration from seed has been reported in those areas for many years. The two endemic species were examined using the molecular technique of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) to determine the genetic structure of the populations and the amount of variation. Both species possess similar genetic structure. Larger and smaller populations of both species contain similar levels of genetic diversity as determined by the number of polymorphic loci, estimated heterozygosity, and Shannon's index of genetic diversity. Although population diversity of Chrysodracon hawaiiensis (C. hawaiiensis) is thought to have remained near pre-disturbance levels, population size continues to decline as recruitment is either absent or does not keep pace with senescence of mature plants. Conservation recommendations for both species are suggested.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Population Genetics of the Endemic Hawaiian Species Chrysodracon hawaiiensis and Chrysodracon auwahiensis (Asparagaceae): Insights from RAPD and ISSR Variation","attachmentId":48114020,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27830061/Population_Genetics_of_the_Endemic_Hawaiian_Species_Chrysodracon_hawaiiensis_and_Chrysodracon_auwahiensis_Asparagaceae_Insights_from_RAPD_and_ISSR_Variation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27830061/Population_Genetics_of_the_Endemic_Hawaiian_Species_Chrysodracon_hawaiiensis_and_Chrysodracon_auwahiensis_Asparagaceae_Insights_from_RAPD_and_ISSR_Variation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="20234106" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20234106/Evolutionary_relationships_interisland_biogeography_and_molecular_evolution_in_the_Hawaiian_violets_Viola_Violaceae_">Evolutionary relationships, interisland biogeography, and molecular evolution in the Hawaiian violets (Viola: Violaceae)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25670827" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KennethSytsma">Kenneth Sytsma</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">American Journal of Botany, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evolutionary relationships, interisland biogeography, and molecular evolution in the Hawaiian violets (Viola: Violaceae)","attachmentId":41222321,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20234106/Evolutionary_relationships_interisland_biogeography_and_molecular_evolution_in_the_Hawaiian_violets_Viola_Violaceae_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20234106/Evolutionary_relationships_interisland_biogeography_and_molecular_evolution_in_the_Hawaiian_violets_Viola_Violaceae_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="3473571" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3473571/Rules_and_exceptions_in_conservation_genetics_genetic_assessment_of_the_endangered_plant_Cordylanthus_palmatus_and_its_implications_for_management_planning">Rules and exceptions in conservation genetics: genetic assessment of the endangered plant Cordylanthus palmatus and its implications for management planning</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4069565" href="https://monmouth.academia.edu/UllaYandell">Ulla Yandell</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Biological …, 2001</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">We analyzed genetic variability among the four naturally-occurring populations of the endangered plant Cordylanthus palmatus to test whether a central tenet of conservation genetics — large populations are more genetically diverse than small populations — held true in our study system and to guide long-term conservation planning for the species. Genetic variability in C. palmatus was moderate at the species level but relatively low in several populations. About 2% of the measured genetic variation was attributable to variation between populations. Genetic variability in C. palmatus did not increase with population size. The two largest populations were relatively invariate and genetically similar, and neither contained any unique alleles.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Rules and exceptions in conservation genetics: genetic assessment of the endangered plant Cordylanthus palmatus and its implications for management planning","attachmentId":50269332,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3473571/Rules_and_exceptions_in_conservation_genetics_genetic_assessment_of_the_endangered_plant_Cordylanthus_palmatus_and_its_implications_for_management_planning","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3473571/Rules_and_exceptions_in_conservation_genetics_genetic_assessment_of_the_endangered_plant_Cordylanthus_palmatus_and_its_implications_for_management_planning"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="86347184" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/86347184/Comparative_genetics_of_seven_plants_endemic_to_Floridas_Lake_Wales_Ridge">Comparative genetics of seven plants endemic to Florida's Lake Wales Ridge</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32528348" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EricMenges">Eric Menges</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Comparative genetics of seven plants endemic to Florida's Lake Wales Ridge","attachmentId":90816292,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/86347184/Comparative_genetics_of_seven_plants_endemic_to_Floridas_Lake_Wales_Ridge","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/86347184/Comparative_genetics_of_seven_plants_endemic_to_Floridas_Lake_Wales_Ridge"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":33360191,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":33360191,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_33360191" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/59710181/Development_of_a_DNA_library_for_native_Hawaiian_plants"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="29010302" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29010302/Genetic_Diversity_and_Population_Size_in_Four_Rare_Southern_Appalachian_Plant_Species">Genetic Diversity and Population Size in Four Rare Southern Appalachian Plant Species</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6690055" href="https://uoregon.academia.edu/BartJohnson">Bart Johnson</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Conservation 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href="https://www.academia.edu/27433092/Genetic_diversity_of_an_Azorean_endemic_and_endangered_plant_species_inferred_from_inter_simple_sequence_repeat_markers"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="95603134" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/95603134/High_genetic_divergence_characterizes_populations_of_the_endemic_plant_Lithophragma_maximum_Saxifragaceae_on_San_Clemente_Island">High genetic divergence characterizes populations of the endemic plant Lithophragma maximum (Saxifragaceae) on San Clemente Island</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" 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data-author-id="34402728" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnnSakai">Ann Sakai</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Systematic Botany, 1996</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of the Hawaiian Endemics Schiedea and Alsinidendron (Caryophyllaceae)","attachmentId":68065927,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49866627/Molecular_Phylogenetic_Analysis_of_the_Hawaiian_Endemics_Schiedea_and_Alsinidendron_Caryophyllaceae_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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href="https://independent.academia.edu/DebraAyres">Debra Ayres</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Development of demographic and genetic conservation strategies for maintenance of an endangered annual plant","attachmentId":84033435,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76277224/Development_of_demographic_and_genetic_conservation_strategies_for_maintenance_of_an_endangered_annual_plant","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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