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{"work":{"id":125168233,"created_at":"2024-10-30T11:22:36.423-07:00","from_world_paper_id":260628942,"updated_at":"2024-11-26T09:05:37.270-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","grobid_abstract":"Understanding the reproductive biology of rare plant species is fundamental to managing their restoration. Brighamia insignis is a critically endangered Hawaiian lobeliad endemic to the islands of Kauaʻi and Niʻihau. The flowers appear to be adapted for moth pollination although its putative pollinator is believed to be extinct or very rare. To confirm the pollination syndrome, document the breeding system, and identify potential pollinators of B. insignis: 1) a suite of floral characters were examined, 2) pollination treatments were performed, and 3) diurnal and nocturnal floral visitor observations were conducted at an ex situ site on Kaua'i. Brighamia insignis flowers contain sucrose-rich nectar and emit a strong floral scent containing benzyl alcohol, linalool, and methyl salicylate. Pollination treatments revealed that the species is primarily outcrossing with several of the study plants also capable of low levels of selfing. However, most of the plants had low pollen production and viability. No moths and only occasional non-native insect species visited the flowers of B. insignis. None of these insect visitors appeared to be serving as effective pollinators. In spite of this lack of flower visitation by moths, analysis of nectar and floral scent support a moth pollination syndrome in B. insignis. The potential loss of pollinators suggests that restoring populations of B. insignis may not be feasible; human assisted cross-pollination would be necessary for fruit and seed to set, as only 1% of the control and self treatment flowers formed fruit. Therefore, this species appears dependent upon intense human management to prevent its extinction.","publication_date":"2019,,","publication_name":"Flora","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"119259345"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Pollination biology reveals challenges to restoring populations of Brighamia insignis (Campanulaceae), a critically endangered plant species from Hawai‘i","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [6138643]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div 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We conducted field and greenhouse experiments to compare the rareheterostyle with a cryptic self-incompatibility system (A.grandiflora) to a common, self-compatible, homostylous, sympatriccongener (A. tessellata). Inter-species comparisons ofadult plants suggested that in the greenhouse, A.grandiflora balances low floral seed set (seeds per flower) withincreased floral output (flowers/plant) and a greater number of flowers perinflorescence. Seed set from active self-, intra- and inter-morph pollinationswas high in A. grandiflora, indicating that the crypticself-incompatibility system does not prevent seed set in the species. In thefield, A. grandiflora floral output was only slightlygreater than for A. tessellata, and did not fully balance lowerfloral seed set. Amsinckia tessellata average seed weightwas lower than that of A. grandiflora, which, along...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Reproductive ecology and the persistence of an endangered plant","attachmentId":88503665,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82994465/Reproductive_ecology_and_the_persistence_of_an_endangered_plant","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/82994465/Reproductive_ecology_and_the_persistence_of_an_endangered_plant"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="47809600" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47809600/Proceedings_of_workshop_on_biological_control_of_native_ecosystems_in_Hawai_i">Proceedings of workshop on biological control of native ecosystems in Hawai’i</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="23665576" href="https://hawaii.academia.edu/CliffordSmith">Clifford Smith</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2002</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Proceedings of workshop on biological control of native ecosystems in Hawai’i","attachmentId":66740231,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/47809600/Proceedings_of_workshop_on_biological_control_of_native_ecosystems_in_Hawai_i","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/47809600/Proceedings_of_workshop_on_biological_control_of_native_ecosystems_in_Hawai_i"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="71286549" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71286549/Submitted_by_The_Xerces_Society_for_Invertebrate_Conservation">Submitted by The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="188442148" href="https://independent.academia.edu/lschonberg">lisa schonberg</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2009</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Dear Mr. Salazar: Due to the threat of extinction and because of its small population size, restricted distribution, isolation, and the numerous factors threatening the species and its remaining habitat, the Xerces Society hereby formally petitions to list the Hawaiian Yellow-faced bee Hylaeus hilaris as endangered pursuant to the Endangered Species Act, 16 U.S.C. § § 1531 et seq. This petition is filed under 5 U.S.C. § 553(e) and 50 C.F.R. § 424.14 (1990), which grants interested parties the right to petition for issue of a rule from the Secretary of the Interior. Petitioners also request that critical habitat be designated concurrent with the listing, as required by 16 U.S.C. § 1533(b)(6)(C) and 50 C.F.R. § 424.12, and pursuant to the Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. § 553). Multiple threats including habitat loss, the rarity of these species, and the natural instability of small populations of island endemics lead us to conclude, unequivocally, that Hylaeus hilaris is threa...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Submitted by The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation","attachmentId":80696453,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/71286549/Submitted_by_The_Xerces_Society_for_Invertebrate_Conservation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/71286549/Submitted_by_The_Xerces_Society_for_Invertebrate_Conservation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="36110875" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36110875/Conservation_Reliant_Species">Conservation-Reliant Species</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="78132117" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JamesScott105">James Scott</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A species is conservation reliant when the threats that it faces cannot be eliminated, but only managed. There are two forms of conservation reliance: population-and threat-management reliance. We provide an overview of the concept and introduce a series of articles that examine it in the context of a range of taxa, threats, and habitats. If sufficient assurances can be provided that successful population and threat management will continue, conservation-reliant species may be either delisted or kept off the endangered species list. This may be advantageous because unlisted species provide more opportunities for a broader spectrum of federal, state, tribal, and private interests to participate in conservation. Even for currently listed species, the number of conservation-reliant species—84% of endangered and threatened species with recovery plans— and the magnitude of management actions needed to sustain the species at recovered levels raise questions about society's willingness to support necessary action.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Conservation-Reliant Species","attachmentId":56002520,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36110875/Conservation_Reliant_Species","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36110875/Conservation_Reliant_Species"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="62197191" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62197191/Pinpointing_and_preventing_imminent_extinctions">Pinpointing and preventing imminent extinctions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="65667542" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WikramanayakeEric">Eric Wikramanayake</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Pinpointing and preventing imminent extinctions","attachmentId":75030314,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/62197191/Pinpointing_and_preventing_imminent_extinctions","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/62197191/Pinpointing_and_preventing_imminent_extinctions"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":119259345,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":119259345,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_119259345" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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