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In the developed world, much of research has focused on the effects of television exposure on children&#39;s" /> <title>(PDF) Children and Television: The Looming Media Effect in Kenya | Joyce Agalo - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/120392027/Children_and_Television_The_Looming_Media_Effect_in_Kenya" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '9a8e9ca111ca412c76c8fd2767868304f6fa3970'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732769767000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732769767000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"The debate on children\u0026amp;amp;#39;s behavior as competent television viewers and also cultural viewers today continues unabated in research. In the developed world, much of research has focused on the effects of television exposure on children\u0026amp;amp;#39;s behavior and attitude formation. Other researches however, focused on effects on cognition. Yet the African child has been left out in such researches that continue to be conducted in developed world. Indeed, media research in Africa may not be meaningful without giving regard to Africanity among the children. This gives an open window through which one sees the peculiarities of the local culture in which African children grow as they get exposed to the media. While a number of Kenyan narratives celebrate the virtues of television including the discourses on coverage of the infamous terrorist attack in West Gate Shopping Mall in Nairobi, 21st September,2013,it appears that the role of television in Kenyan society is catapulting into political d...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Joyce Agalo"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2024-06-01","dateModified":"2024-06-01","datePublished":"2015-01-01","headline":"Children and Television: The Looming Media Effect in Kenya","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Geography","Humanities","Globalization","Kenya","Population"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN HUMANITIES","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"CIRWOLRD"},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/120392027/Children_and_Television_The_Looming_Media_Effect_in_Kenya","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-102fa537001ba4d8dcd921ad9bd56c474abc201906ea4843e7e7efe9dfbf561d.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":120392027,"created_at":"2024-06-01T20:39:26.481-07:00","from_world_paper_id":255473346,"updated_at":"2024-11-15T19:12:02.160-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"The debate on children\u0026#39;s behavior as competent television viewers and also cultural viewers today continues unabated in research. In the developed world, much of research has focused on the effects of television exposure on children\u0026#39;s behavior and attitude formation. Other researches however, focused on effects on cognition. Yet the African child has been left out in such researches that continue to be conducted in developed world. Indeed, media research in Africa may not be meaningful without giving regard to Africanity among the children. This gives an open window through which one sees the peculiarities of the local culture in which African children grow as they get exposed to the media. While a number of Kenyan narratives celebrate the virtues of television including the discourses on coverage of the infamous terrorist attack in West Gate Shopping Mall in Nairobi, 21st September,2013,it appears that the role of television in Kenyan society is catapulting into political d...","publisher":"CIRWOLRD","publication_date":"2015,,","publication_name":"JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN HUMANITIES"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Children and Television: The Looming Media Effect in Kenya","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [297969876]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":115556648,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Children and Television: The Looming Media Effect in Kenya”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/115556648/mini_magick20240802-1-helwkr.png?1722572810" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Children and Television: The Looming Media Effect in Kenya</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="297969876" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JoyceAgalo"><img alt="Profile image of Joyce Agalo" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/297969876/143853429/133370992/s65_joyce.agalo.png" />Joyce Agalo</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2015, JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN HUMANITIES</p></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The debate on children&#39;s behavior as competent television viewers and also cultural viewers today continues unabated in research. In the developed world, much of research has focused on the effects of television exposure on children&#39;s behavior and attitude formation. Other researches however, focused on effects on cognition. Yet the African child has been left out in such researches that continue to be conducted in developed world. Indeed, media research in Africa may not be meaningful without giving regard to Africanity among the children. This gives an open window through which one sees the peculiarities of the local culture in which African children grow as they get exposed to the media. While a number of Kenyan narratives celebrate the virtues of television including the discourses on coverage of the infamous terrorist attack in West Gate Shopping Mall in Nairobi, 21st September,2013,it appears that the role of television in Kenyan society is catapulting into political d...</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":115556648,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/120392027/Children_and_Television_The_Looming_Media_Effect_in_Kenya"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":115556648,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/120392027/Children_and_Television_The_Looming_Media_Effect_in_Kenya"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="115556648" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/120392027/Children_and_Television_The_Looming_Media_Effect_in_Kenya" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="36403915" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36403915/Child_Exposure_to_Media_and_Cultural_Imperialism_Challenges_to_African_Socio_Cultural_and_Political_Development">Child Exposure to Media and Cultural Imperialism: Challenges to African Socio Cultural and Political Development</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="47187663" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SamuelOkey">Samuel Okey</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A child is a gift to every social group in which the child is born and therefore must be raise to sustain the survival and development of that group. Failure to raise a child to appreciate his group usually results to self-hatred and hatred against the system. The development and socialization of African child can be difficult in the face of wide spread of uncontrolled access to public media coupled with the cultural imperialism which is using the international media and the concept of globalization as smoke screen to penetrate every system. This paper's focus is on analysing the relationship between child development, socialization, media exposure and cultural imperialism and the consequences using, available empirical, ethnographic and other literary documents. The paper critically examined the ways to curb the extent of cultural imperialism and self-hatred among the African children leaving, suggestions on the practical ways of approaching issue. Meanwhile the paper acknowledges some level of limitations such as non-empirically justifiable based on primary data.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Child Exposure to Media and Cultural Imperialism: Challenges to African Socio Cultural and Political Development","attachmentId":56315044,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36403915/Child_Exposure_to_Media_and_Cultural_Imperialism_Challenges_to_African_Socio_Cultural_and_Political_Development","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36403915/Child_Exposure_to_Media_and_Cultural_Imperialism_Challenges_to_African_Socio_Cultural_and_Political_Development"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="3033240" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3033240/Children_media_and_globalisation_A_research_agenda_for_Africa">Children, media and globalisation: A research agenda for Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="59115" href="https://uct.academia.edu/FrancisBNyamnjoh">Francis B Nyamnjoh</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2002</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">If globalisation is a process of accelerated flow of media content, to most African cultures and children it is also a process of accelerated exclusion. While African cultures are marginalized by the streamlined information and entertainment menu served by global media conglomerates, the bulk of African children are only spared by the fact that global availability is not synonymous with global affordability.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Children, media and globalisation: A research agenda for Africa","attachmentId":30970430,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3033240/Children_media_and_globalisation_A_research_agenda_for_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3033240/Children_media_and_globalisation_A_research_agenda_for_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="90420409" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/90420409/Engendering_childhood_concerning_the_content_of_South_African_Television_content">Engendering childhood: concerning the content of South African Television content</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="17698160" href="https://rhodes-za.academia.edu/PriscillaBoshoff">Priscilla A Boshoff</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The essays in this volume reflect a wide-range of issues and concerns related to children’s media culture in Africa. For example, several address the role of entertainment television in Addis Abba, Ghana, South Africa, Kenya, and Zambia and in the lives of Muslim children. Other essays introduce us to children-centered media from Ghana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe, and the innovative programs of PLAN-International. In addition to entertainment media and children-centered media, media education and digital media literacy are also discussed</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Engendering childhood: concerning the content of South African Television content","attachmentId":93988595,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/90420409/Engendering_childhood_concerning_the_content_of_South_African_Television_content","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/90420409/Engendering_childhood_concerning_the_content_of_South_African_Television_content"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="98825519" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/98825519/Mass_Media_and_Children_Alertness_Should_Be_Crucial_for_Safety_Including_a_Case_of_Media_in_Tanzania_">Mass Media and Children, Alertness Should Be Crucial for Safety (Including a Case of Media in Tanzania)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="101327959" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MLwandiko">Mboza Lwandiko</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Advances in Journalism and Communication</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Mass Media and Children, Alertness Should Be Crucial for Safety (Including a Case of Media in Tanzania)","attachmentId":100072684,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98825519/Mass_Media_and_Children_Alertness_Should_Be_Crucial_for_Safety_Including_a_Case_of_Media_in_Tanzania_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/98825519/Mass_Media_and_Children_Alertness_Should_Be_Crucial_for_Safety_Including_a_Case_of_Media_in_Tanzania_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="38786127" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38786127/Foreign_Television_Cartoon_Programs_and_Childrens_Social_Behavior_in_Kenya">Foreign Television Cartoon Programs and Children's Social Behavior in Kenya</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="27184764" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarthaNjiiri">Martha Njiiri</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The research study sought to establish the influence of foreign television cartoon programs on children's social behavior in Kenya. It sought to achieve this by; 1) Investigating the influence of foreign cartoon programs content on children social behavior in Kenya, 2) Determining the influence of foreign television cartoon characters on children social behavior in Kenya, and 3) Analyzing the influence of foreign television cartoon viewership patterns on children social behavior in Kenya. The study found out that Kenyan children are spending a lot of time viewing foreign television cartoons programs with minimal/no parental guidance and that based on their gender, they identified with their favorite cartoon characters.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Foreign Television Cartoon Programs and Children's Social Behavior in Kenya","attachmentId":58875923,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38786127/Foreign_Television_Cartoon_Programs_and_Childrens_Social_Behavior_in_Kenya","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/38786127/Foreign_Television_Cartoon_Programs_and_Childrens_Social_Behavior_in_Kenya"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="26629446" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26629446/CHILDRENS_PROGRAMMES_ON_NIGERIAN_TELEVISION_STATIONS_A_CASE_OF_MEDIA_NEGLECT">CHILDREN'S PROGRAMMES ON NIGERIAN TELEVISION STATIONS: A CASE OF MEDIA NEGLECT</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="17566309" href="https://covenantuniversity.academia.edu/OyeroOlusola">Oyero Olusola</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper discusses the performance of Nigerian television stations as regards their programmes for children against the backdrop of responsibilities assigned to the media as partners in protecting the interest and rights of the child contained in various international conventions and treaties. The African Charter on Children's Broadcasting (ACCB) particularly stipulates regular, quality and diverse programming for children towards their physical, social and mental development. This study therefore analysed the content of three Nigerian television organisations to see how they have fared in this responsibility. The findings show a neglect of children on Nigerian television as only 3.3% of their total 818 programmes and 2.6% of the total airtime were devoted to children. However, most of the children's programmes (70.4%) were produced locally and there was a balance in the focus of the programmes between entertainment and learning. Ironically, none of the television stations has a policy concerning children's programming. We, therefore, recommend a holistic transformation in the Nigerian television stations' programming for children. This will include regulatory framework for performance, giving more emphases to African Charter on Children's Broadcasting and other resolutions among broadcasters, and establishment of Kiddies'` televisions supported by the government.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"CHILDREN'S PROGRAMMES ON NIGERIAN TELEVISION STATIONS: A CASE OF MEDIA NEGLECT","attachmentId":46914519,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26629446/CHILDRENS_PROGRAMMES_ON_NIGERIAN_TELEVISION_STATIONS_A_CASE_OF_MEDIA_NEGLECT","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/26629446/CHILDRENS_PROGRAMMES_ON_NIGERIAN_TELEVISION_STATIONS_A_CASE_OF_MEDIA_NEGLECT"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="73030382" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73030382/Scholars_Journal_of_Arts_Humanities_and_Social_Sciences_ISSN_2347_5374_Online_Media_Preference_and_Motivation_among_the_Urban_Youth_in_Kenya">Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN 2347-5374 (Online) Media Preference and Motivation among the Urban Youth in Kenya</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="126967386" href="https://pauls.academia.edu/EvelynWekesa">Evelyn Wekesa</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Abstract: Media may present a rather unrealistic and skewed account of human romance and sexuality leading some commentators to raise concerns that youth media, with their formulaic portrayal of gender roles and sexuality, is developing and sustaining stereotypical gender-role schemas; for example, ideas that, for women, looks and sexiness are all important and, for men, sexual obsession is normal, and sexual prowess an asset. Media have emerged as an important socialization determinant, yet there still exists serious gaps in our knowledge on what drives the motivation and preference of media among the youths in urban area. This paper is inspired by the need to answerthree questions: i. Which media are urban youth currently interacting with? ii. And what are the motivations for their media choices? iii. What is the future of new media audience?.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN 2347-5374 (Online) Media Preference and Motivation among the Urban Youth in Kenya","attachmentId":81714812,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/73030382/Scholars_Journal_of_Arts_Humanities_and_Social_Sciences_ISSN_2347_5374_Online_Media_Preference_and_Motivation_among_the_Urban_Youth_in_Kenya","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/73030382/Scholars_Journal_of_Arts_Humanities_and_Social_Sciences_ISSN_2347_5374_Online_Media_Preference_and_Motivation_among_the_Urban_Youth_in_Kenya"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="104426082" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/104426082/The_media_and_African_child_formation_An_ethical_reflection">The media and African child formation: An ethical reflection</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="118110724" href="https://independent.academia.edu/judeonebunne">jude onebunne</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Creative Artist: A Journal of Theatre and Media Studies, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The child occupies a very crucial place in every family, community and the entire human society. Among the cardinal African values, the child is highly ranked. Thus, offspring remains an essential aspect of African marriages. As the primary agent of socialization, the family plays a pivotal role in child formation. Apart from the general educational contents, African child formation importantly involves the inculcation of the effective African values that aid individual and societal integral developments. Within the platforms of both informal and formal education, the reality and place of the media in child formation is indubitable. As an important vehicle of information transmission, the media is pivotally positioned to provide platforms of exposures. Thus, with the activities of the media, the child is exposed to information that could add either positive or negative values to his/her process of formation. In the contemporary age of Information Communication Technology (ICT), the ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The media and African child formation: An ethical reflection","attachmentId":104159732,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/104426082/The_media_and_African_child_formation_An_ethical_reflection","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/104426082/The_media_and_African_child_formation_An_ethical_reflection"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="47240608" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47240608/Commodification_in_mass_media_s_educative_function_in_Kenya_How_now_shall_we_think">Commodification in mass media’s educative function in Kenya: How now shall we think?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1469577" href="https://ccc.academia.edu/KwemoiKamary">Kwemoi Kamary</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">African Educational Research Journal</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Commodification in mass media’s educative function in Kenya: How now shall we think?","attachmentId":66437655,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/47240608/Commodification_in_mass_media_s_educative_function_in_Kenya_How_now_shall_we_think","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/47240608/Commodification_in_mass_media_s_educative_function_in_Kenya_How_now_shall_we_think"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="104950060" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/104950060/Perspectives_of_Pre_School_Teachers_on_Television_Viewing_in_Determining_Behavioral_Tendencies_among_Preschoolers_in_Kenya">Perspectives of Pre-School Teachers on Television Viewing in Determining Behavioral Tendencies among Preschoolers in Kenya</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="75857847" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BensonCharlesOdongo">Benson Charles Odongo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Educational and Social Research, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The present study determinedperspectives of pre-school teachers on television viewing in determining behavioral tendencies among preschoolers in Kenya. The study was guided by Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory. The target population of the study comprised of one head teacher, three ECDE teachers. Saturated sampling technique was used to sample 3 pre-school teachers.15 preschoolers were sampled using Purposive sampling technique after putting them into three stratus of those from rural, urban and more urban areas, which comprised of 20, 20 and 10 preschoolers from each stratum respectively. The researcher used interview schedules, observation schedules and focus group discussion guides as the study instruments. Validity of the instruments was ensured by seeking expert judgments of the supervisors and trustworthiness of qualitative data was also ensured. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data. The study findings revealed that there was increased physical aggression a...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Perspectives of Pre-School Teachers on Television Viewing in Determining Behavioral Tendencies among Preschoolers in Kenya","attachmentId":104539997,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/104950060/Perspectives_of_Pre_School_Teachers_on_Television_Viewing_in_Determining_Behavioral_Tendencies_among_Preschoolers_in_Kenya","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/104950060/Perspectives_of_Pre_School_Teachers_on_Television_Viewing_in_Determining_Behavioral_Tendencies_among_Preschoolers_in_Kenya"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":115556648,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":115556648,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_115556648" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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