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<span>基礎</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-基礎-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-學科" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#學科"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>學科</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-學科-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-睇埋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#睇埋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>睇埋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-睇埋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>註釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-引咗" 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cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">開/收內容一覽</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">社會科學</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="去睇另一種語文嘅文章。有131種語言版本。" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-131" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">131種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosiale_wetenskap" title="Sosiale wetenskap – 南非荷蘭文" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sosiale wetenskap" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sozialwissenschaften" title="Sozialwissenschaften – 德文（瑞士）" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Sozialwissenschaften" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="德文（瑞士）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciencias_socials" title="Ciencias socials – 阿拉貢文" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ciencias socials" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉貢文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="علوم اجتماعية – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علوم اجتماعية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%87" title="علوم اجتماعيه – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="علوم اجتماعيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciencies_sociales" title="Ciencies sociales – 阿斯圖里亞文" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ciencies sociales" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯圖里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ctimai_elml%C9%99r" title="İctimai elmlər – 亞塞拜然文" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İctimai elmlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="亞塞拜然文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D3%99%D0%BC%D2%93%D0%B8%D3%99%D1%82_%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Йәмғиәт фәндәре – 巴什客爾文" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Йәмғиәт фәндәре" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什客爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sozialwissnschoft" title="Sozialwissnschoft – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Sozialwissnschoft" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siyensyang_pangsosyedad" title="Siyensyang pangsosyedad – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Siyensyang pangsosyedad" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Грамадскія навукі – 白俄羅斯文" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Грамадскія навукі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄羅斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Хуманитарни и социални науки – 保加利亞文" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хуманитарни и социални науки" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="सामाजिक बिज्ञान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सामाजिक बिज्ञान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="সামাজিক বিজ্ঞান – 孟加拉文" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সামাজিক বিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skianto%C3%B9_sokial" title="Skiantoù sokial – 布列塔尼文" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Skiantoù sokial" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dru%C5%A1tvene_nauke" title="Društvene nauke – 波士尼亞文" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Društvene nauke" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波士尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%A8ncies_socials" title="Ciències socials – 加泰羅尼亞文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ciències socials" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰羅尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamdag_katilingbanon" title="Alamdag katilingbanon – 宿霧文" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Alamdag katilingbanon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿霧文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%95_%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زانستە کۆمەڵایەتییەکان – 索拉尼庫爾德文" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زانستە کۆمەڵایەتییەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="索拉尼庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spole%C4%8Densk%C3%A9_v%C4%9Bdy" title="Společenské vědy – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Společenské vědy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%95%D1%85_%C4%83%D1%81%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Пĕрлĕх ăслăхĕсем – 楚瓦什文" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пĕрлĕх ăслăхĕсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwyddorau_cymdeithas" title="Gwyddorau cymdeithas – 威爾斯文" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwyddorau cymdeithas" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威爾斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samfundsvidenskab" title="Samfundsvidenskab – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Samfundsvidenskab" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sozialwissenschaften" title="Sozialwissenschaften – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sozialwissenschaften" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Κοινωνικές επιστήμες – 希臘文" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κοινωνικές επιστήμες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_science" title="Social science – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Social science" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socia_scienco" title="Socia scienco – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Socia scienco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciencias_sociales" title="Ciencias sociales – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciencias sociales" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotsiaalteadused" title="Sotsiaalteadused – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sotsiaalteadused" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gizarte-zientziak" title="Gizarte-zientziak – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gizarte-zientziak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C" title="علوم اجتماعی – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="علوم اجتماعی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhteiskuntatiede" title="Yhteiskuntatiede – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhteiskuntatiede" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciences_sociales" title="Sciences sociales – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sciences sociales" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciences_soci%C3%A2les" title="Sciences sociâles – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Sciences sociâles" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siencis_soci%C3%A2ls" title="Siencis sociâls – 弗留利文" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Siencis sociâls" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosjale_wittenskip" title="Sosjale wittenskip – 西弗里西亞文" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sosjale wittenskip" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eola%C3%ADocht_sh%C3%B3isialta" title="Eolaíocht shóisialta – 愛爾蘭文" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Eolaíocht shóisialta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="愛爾蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syans_sosyal" title="Syans sosyal – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Syans sosyal" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciencias_sociais" title="Ciencias sociais – 加里西亞文" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ciencias sociais" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95_%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9E%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="સામાજિક વિજ્ઞાન – 古吉拉特文" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સામાજિક વિજ્ઞાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oaylleeaght_heshoil" title="Oaylleeaght heshoil – 曼島文" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Oaylleeaght heshoil" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="曼島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimiyyar_zamantakewa" title="Kimiyyar zamantakewa – 豪撒文" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kimiyyar zamantakewa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪撒文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94" title="מדעי החברה – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מדעי החברה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="सामाजिक विज्ञान – 北印度文" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सामाजिक विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="北印度文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dru%C5%A1tvene_znanosti" title="Društvene znanosti – 克羅埃西亞文" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Društvene znanosti" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1rsadalomtudom%C3%A1nyok_list%C3%A1ja" title="Társadalomtudományok listája – 匈牙利文" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Társadalomtudományok listája" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Հասարակական գիտություններ – 亞美尼亞文" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հասարակական գիտություններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亞美尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientia_social" title="Scientia social – 國際文" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Scientia social" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="國際文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu_sosial" title="Ilmu sosial – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ilmu sosial" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociala_cienco" title="Sociala cienco – 伊多文" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sociala cienco" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9lagsv%C3%ADsindi" title="Félagsvísindi – 冰島文" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Félagsvísindi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scienze_sociali" title="Scienze sociali – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Scienze sociali" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="社会科学 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="社会科学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suoshal_sayans" title="Suoshal sayans – 牙買加克裏奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Suoshal sayans" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克裏奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="საზოგადოებრივი მეცნიერებები – 喬治亞文" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საზოგადოებრივი მეცნიერებები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="喬治亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociall%C4%B1q_ilimler" title="Sociallıq ilimler – 卡拉卡爾帕克文" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Sociallıq ilimler" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡爾帕克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thayathi_cia_social" title="Thayathi cia social – 吉庫尤文" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Thayathi cia social" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="吉庫尤文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Әлеуметтік ғылымдар – 哈薩克文" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Әлеуметтік ғылымдар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈薩克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inooqatigiinnik_ilisimatusarneq" title="Inooqatigiinnik ilisimatusarneq – 格陵蘭文" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Inooqatigiinnik ilisimatusarneq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="格陵蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%98" title="វិទ្យាសាស្ត្រសង្គម – 高棉文" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វិទ្យាសាស្ត្រសង្គម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9C_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9E%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ಸಮಾಜ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ – 坎那達文" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಮಾಜ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="坎那達文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99" title="사회과학 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사회과학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanist%C3%AAn_civak%C3%AE" title="Zanistên civakî – 庫爾德文" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zanistên civakî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientiae_sociales" title="Scientiae sociales – 拉丁文" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Scientiae sociales" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociaal_weitesjappe" title="Sociaal weitesjappe – 林堡文" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sociaal weitesjappe" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sci%C3%ABnza_soziela" title="Sciënza soziela – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Sciënza soziela" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialiniai_mokslai" title="Socialiniai mokslai – 立陶宛文" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Socialiniai mokslai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soci%C4%81l%C4%81s_zin%C4%81tnes" title="Sociālās zinātnes – 拉脫維亞文" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sociālās zinātnes" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脫維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siansa_ara-ts%C3%B4sialy" title="Siansa ara-tsôsialy – 馬拉加什文" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Siansa ara-tsôsialy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="馬拉加什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilimu_sosial" title="Ilimu sosial – 米南卡堡文" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Ilimu sosial" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南卡堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Општествени науки – 馬其頓文" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Општествени науки" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="馬其頓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="സാമൂഹികശാസ്ത്രം – 馬來亞拉姆文" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സാമൂഹികശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="馬來亞拉姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%85_%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Нийгмийн шинжлэх ухаан – 蒙古文" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нийгмийн шинжлэх ухаан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="सामाजिक शास्त्र – 馬拉地文" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सामाजिक शास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="馬拉地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sains_sosial" title="Sains sosial – 馬來文" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sains sosial" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="馬來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xjenzi_so%C4%8Bjali" title="Xjenzi soċjali – 馬爾他文" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Xjenzi soċjali" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="馬爾他文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%A9ncias_sociales" title="Ciéncias sociales – 米蘭德斯文" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ciéncias sociales" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米蘭德斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85" title="ایجتماعی علوم – 馬贊德蘭文" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ایجتماعی علوم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="馬贊德蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociaole_wetenschop" title="Sociaole wetenschop – 低地薩克遜文" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Sociaole wetenschop" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低地薩克遜文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="सामाजिक विज्ञान – 尼泊爾文" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सामाजिक विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="सामाजिक विज्ञान – 尼瓦爾文" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सामाजिक विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociale_wetenschappen" title="Sociale wetenschappen – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sociale wetenschappen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samfunnsvitskap" title="Samfunnsvitskap – 耐諾斯克挪威文" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Samfunnsvitskap" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="耐諾斯克挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samfunnsvitenskap" title="Samfunnsvitenskap – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Samfunnsvitenskap" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosial_sienties" title="Sosial sienties – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Sosial sienties" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sci%C3%A9ncias_socialas" title="Sciéncias socialas – 奧克西坦文" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sciéncias socialas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奧克西坦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saayinsii_Hawaasaa" title="Saayinsii Hawaasaa – 奧羅莫文" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Saayinsii Hawaasaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奧羅莫文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9E%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ସାମାଜିକ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ – 歐利亞文" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସାମାଜିକ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="歐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scienches_sochiales" title="Scienches sochiales – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Scienches sochiales" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauki_spo%C5%82eczne" title="Nauki społeczne – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nauki społeczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BC%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%DB%90_%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%DB%90" title="ټولنيزې پوهنې – 普什圖文" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ټولنيزې پوهنې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什圖文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%AAncias_sociais" title="Ciências sociais – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ciências sociais" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runa_kawsaykamay" title="Runa kawsaykamay – 蓋楚瓦文" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Runa kawsaykamay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="蓋楚瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%98tiin%C8%9Be_sociale" title="Științe sociale – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Științe sociale" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Общественные науки – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Общественные науки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="समाजविज्ञानम् – 梵文" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="समाजविज्ञानम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D2%AF%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Социал үөрэхтэр – 雅庫特文" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Социал үөрэхтэр" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="雅庫特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_science" title="Social science – 蘇格蘭文" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Social science" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="蘇格蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%B3" title="سماجي سائنس – 信德文" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سماجي سائنس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dru%C5%A1tvene_nauke" title="Društvene nauke – 塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Društvene nauke" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timassanin_tinamunin" title="Timassanin tinamunin – 希爾哈文" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Timassanin tinamunin" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="希爾哈文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A2_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="සමාජ විද්‍යාව – 僧伽羅文" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සමාජ විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_sciences" title="Social sciences – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Social sciences" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spolo%C4%8Densk%C3%A1_veda" title="Spoločenská veda – 斯洛伐克文" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Spoločenská veda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dru%C5%BEboslovje" title="Družboslovje – 斯洛維尼亞文" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Družboslovje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛維尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilmiga_bulshada" title="Cilmiga bulshada – 索馬利文" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Cilmiga bulshada" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索馬利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkenca_shoq%C3%ABrore" title="Shkenca shoqërore – 阿爾巴尼亞文" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shkenca shoqërore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿爾巴尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dru%C5%A1tvene_nauke" title="Društvene nauke – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Društvene nauke" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samh%C3%A4llsvetenskap" title="Samhällsvetenskap – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Samhällsvetenskap" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayansi_ya_jamii" title="Sayansi ya jamii – 史瓦希里文" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sayansi ya jamii" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="史瓦希里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="சமூக அறிவியல் – 坦米爾文" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சமூக அறிவியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="坦米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D2%B7%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D3%A3" title="Улуми иҷтимоӣ – 塔吉克文" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Улуми иҷтимоӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="สังคมศาสตร์ – 泰文" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สังคมศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agham_panlipunan" title="Agham panlipunan – 塔加路族文" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Agham panlipunan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="塔加路族文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosial_elmon" title="Sosial elmon – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Sosial elmon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosyal_bilimler" title="Sosyal bilimler – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sosyal bilimler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayensi_ya_mahanyele" title="Sayensi ya mahanyele – 特松加文" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Sayensi ya mahanyele" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="特松加文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D2%97%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%BD%D3%99%D1%80" title="Иҗтимагый фәннәр – 韃靼文" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Иҗтимагый фәннәр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="韃靼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Суспільні науки – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Суспільні науки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85" title="معاشرتی علوم – 烏都文" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="معاشرتی علوم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="烏都文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ijtimoiy_fanlar" title="Ijtimoiy fanlar – 烏茲別克文" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ijtimoiy fanlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="烏茲別克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khoa_h%E1%BB%8Dc_x%C3%A3_h%E1%BB%99i" title="Khoa học xã hội – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khoa học xã hội" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sog%C3%A4danolavs" title="Sogädanolavs – 沃拉普克文" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Sogädanolavs" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syensya_hin_Katiringban" title="Syensya hin Katiringban – 瓦瑞文" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Syensya hin Katiringban" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="社會科學 – 吳語" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="社會科學" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吳語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ოჯარალე მენცარობეფი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ოჯარალე მენცარობეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%98" title="סאציאל וויסנשאפט – 意第緒文" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סאציאל וויסנשאפט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第緒文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn_s%C3%A1y%E1%BA%B9%CC%81ns%C3%AC_%C3%A0w%C3%B9j%E1%BB%8D" title="Àwọn sáyẹ́nsì àwùjọ – 約魯巴文" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwọn sáyẹ́nsì àwùjọ" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="約魯巴文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="社会科学 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="社会科学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="社會科學 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="社會科學" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C4%81-ho%C4%93_kho-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Siā-hoē kho-ha̍k – 閩南語" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Siā-hoē kho-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="閩南語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34749#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="改跨語言拎" class="wbc-editpage">改拎</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="空間名"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="睇吓內容頁[c]" accesskey="c"><span>文章</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="關於內容頁嘅討論 (無呢版)[t]" accesskey="t"><span>討論</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="改語言變體" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">粵語</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="外觀"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=history" title="呢一頁之前嘅修訂[h]" accesskey="h"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="架撐" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">架撐</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">架撐</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">收埋</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="多啲選項" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 動作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=history"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 基本 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%82%8A%E5%BA%A6%E9%8F%88%E5%8E%BB%E5%91%A2%E7%89%88/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="列出所有連接過嚟呢度嘅頁面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>有乜連過嚟</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%A4%96%E9%8F%88%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" rel="nofollow" title="由呢版連出去嘅版嘅最近修改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>連結頁嘅更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project:上載" title="上載檔案[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上載檔案</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&oldid=2211499" title="呢版呢個修訂嘅永久網址"><span>固定連結</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=info" title="多啲同呢版有拏褦嘅資料"><span>此版明細</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8&page=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&id=2211499&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="點樣引用呢頁嘅資訊"><span>引用呢篇文</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E7%25A4%25BE%25E6%259C%2583%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25AD%25B8"><span>攞短網址</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E7%25A4%25BE%25E6%259C%2583%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25AD%25B8"><span>下載QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/匯出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=show-download-screen"><span>下載PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="呢一版印得嘅版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>印得嘅版本</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 第啲維基項目 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Social_sciences" hreflang="en"><span>維基同享</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34749" title="連到接住資料儲存庫嘅項目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>維基數據項</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="閱讀設定"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">閱讀設定</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">收埋</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="yue" dir="ltr"><p><b>社會科學</b>（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B2%B5%E6%96%87%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="Wikipedia:粵文拼音">粵音</a>：se5 wui2 fo1 hok6 | <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" title="英文">英文</a>：<span lang="en">social science</span>），簡稱<b>社科</b>，係指有系統噉用<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" title="科學方法">科學方法</a>嚟研究<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="人類">人類</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%98%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="團體">團體</a>同埋<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" title="社會">社會</a>嘅學問。包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="經濟學">經濟學</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="心理學">心理學</a>等都屬於社會科學。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="基礎"><span id=".E5.9F.BA.E7.A4.8E"></span>基礎</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯小節: 基礎"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="科學">科學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" title="科學方法">科學方法</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" title="社會">社會</a></div> <p>首先，社會科學建基於「<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="科學">科學</a>」嘅諗頭，會好似<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="物理學">物理學</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學">化學</a>等嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="自然科學">自然科學</a>噉跟足<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" title="科學方法">科學方法</a>做<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="研究">研究</a>；不過同呢啲自然科學唔同嘅係，社科研究嘅係<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" title="社會">社會</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA" title="人類行為">人類行為</a>。社科界會： </p> <ol><li>根據手上已知係真嘅事實，諗一啲<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="科學理論">理論</a>出嚟（「基於我哋經已觀察到嘅呢啲現象，我推測啲現象背後嘅法則係噉噉噉，令社會有噉嘅特性」），呢啲理論好多時係用<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="數學模型">數學模型</a>嘅方式嚟表達嘅<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；</li> <li>跟手就靠<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%8F%E8%BC%AF%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="邏輯性">邏輯性</a>嘅思考，去諗吓呢柞理論會做點樣嘅<b>預測</b>（「如果我提倡嘅呢個理論係真確嘅，理應會...」）；</li> <li>然後就做<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="實驗">實驗</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F" title="觀察">觀察</a>嚟攞<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A" title="數據">數據</a>，驗證吓個理論嘅預測係咪真確（「如果我呢個理論係真確，呢個實驗理應會得出某個某個結果，而個實際嘅實驗結果係...」）；</li> <li>如果數據顯示，個理論係做唔到準確嘅預測嘅話，就要一係根據攞到嘅數據睇吓個理論要點改先可以令佢做到準確啲嘅預測，一係就要諗新理論取代舊理論<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ol> <p>上述嘅過程會係噉不斷重複，直至手上嘅理論做得到完全準確嘅預測為止－於是乎社會科學就有持續嘅發展，做到愈嚟愈準嘅預測<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div style="clear: both;"></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242160">.mw-parser-output .gallery-mod{background:transparent;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .gallery-mod-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .gallery-mod-title{text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .gallery-mod-box{float:left;border-collapse:collapse;margin:3px}.mw-parser-output .gallery-mod-box .thumb{border:1px solid #ccc;background-color:#F8F8F8;padding:0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output tr.gallery-mod-text{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output tr.gallery-mod-text .core{display:block;font-size:small;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .gallery-mod-text .caption{line-height:1.25em;padding:6px 6px 1px 6px;margin:0;border:none;border-width:0}.mw-parser-output .gallery-mod-footer{text-align:right;font-size:80%;line-height:1em}</style><table class="gallery-mod gallery-mod-center"><tbody><tr><td><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:320px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UniversumUNAM34.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="一個人玩河內塔嗰陣個腦入面發生咩事呢？領域：心理學，尤其係認知心理學"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/UniversumUNAM34.JPG/271px-UniversumUNAM34.JPG" decoding="async" width="271" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/UniversumUNAM34.JPG/406px-UniversumUNAM34.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/UniversumUNAM34.JPG/542px-UniversumUNAM34.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><center>一個人玩<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%85%A7%E5%A1%94" title="河內塔">河內塔</a>嗰陣個<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E8%85%A6" title="人腦">腦</a>入面發生咩事呢？<br />領域：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="心理學">心理學</a>，尤其係<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="認知心理學">認知心理學</a></center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:307px"><center>一個人玩<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%85%A7%E5%A1%94" title="河內塔">河內塔</a>嗰陣個<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E8%85%A6" title="人腦">腦</a>入面發生咩事呢？<br />領域：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="心理學">心理學</a>，尤其係<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="認知心理學">認知心理學</a></center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:320px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NYSE_%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4_-_Flickr_-_Abhisit_Vejjajiva_(17).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="股價嘅變化會跟從啲咩規律呢？領域：經濟學同金融學"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/NYSE_%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4_-_Flickr_-_Abhisit_Vejjajiva_%2817%29.jpg/270px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/NYSE_%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4_-_Flickr_-_Abhisit_Vejjajiva_%2817%29.jpg/405px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/NYSE_%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4_-_Flickr_-_Abhisit_Vejjajiva_%2817%29.jpg/540px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5120" data-file-height="3413" /></a><figcaption><center><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A1%E5%83%B9" title="股價">股價</a>嘅變化會跟從啲咩規律呢？<br />領域：<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="經濟學">經濟學</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E5%AD%B8" title="金融學">金融學</a></center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:307px"><center><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A1%E5%83%B9" title="股價">股價</a>嘅變化會跟從啲咩規律呢？<br />領域：<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="經濟學">經濟學</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E5%AD%B8" title="金融學">金融學</a></center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:320px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stonehenge2007_07_30.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="巨石陣嘅特性反映當時啲人嘅文化係點呢？領域：考古學"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Stonehenge2007_07_30.jpg/240px-Stonehenge2007_07_30.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Stonehenge2007_07_30.jpg/360px-Stonehenge2007_07_30.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Stonehenge2007_07_30.jpg/480px-Stonehenge2007_07_30.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><center><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E7%9F%B3%E9%99%A3" title="巨石陣">巨石陣</a>嘅特性反映當時啲人嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="文化">文化</a>係點呢？<br />領域：<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%B8" title="考古學">考古學</a></center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:307px"><center><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E7%9F%B3%E9%99%A3" title="巨石陣">巨石陣</a>嘅特性反映當時啲人嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="文化">文化</a>係點呢？<br />領域：<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%B8" title="考古學">考古學</a></center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="學科"><span id=".E5.AD.B8.E7.A7.91"></span>學科</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯小節: 學科"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">睇埋：<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%88%86%E6%9E%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="科學分枝">科學分枝</a></div> <p>社會科學包括： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="心理學">心理學</a>：研究人類嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA" title="行為">行為</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5" title="認知">認知</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="情緒">情緒</a>，簡單嘅例子包括研究人類嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="記憶力">記憶力</a>（可以靠「喺記憶測試上嘅表現」嚟量度）或者<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="智能">智能</a>（可以用<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E5%95%86%E6%B8%AC%E9%A9%97" class="mw-redirect" title="智商測驗">智商測驗</a>嚟量度）同各<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%A6%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="腦區">腦區</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%A6%E6%B4%BB%E5%8B%95" class="mw-redirect" title="腦活動">活動</a>有咩關係。廿一世紀初嘅心理學同<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="神經科學">神經科學</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA%E5%AD%B8" title="動物行為學">動物行為學</a>有相當嘅重疊<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="社會學">社會學</a>：研究<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" title="社會">社會</a>嘅秩序同一般法則，簡單嘅例子有研究<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="文化">文化</a>（可以靠<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%8F%E5%8D%B7%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5" title="問卷調查">問卷調查</a>等嘅方式嚟大致噉量度）嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="文化進化">隨時間變化</a>會唔會跟從乜嘢規律。社會學有陣時會俾人覺得係<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="人文">人文</a>嘅一環，不過可以用到一啲幾數學性嘅研究方法（例子可以睇<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%8B%E9%AB%94%E7%82%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="個體為本模型">個體為本模型</a>呢種<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E6%A8%A1%E6%93%AC" title="電腦模擬">電腦模擬</a>做法）<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="經濟學">經濟學</a>：研究人點樣<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A2" title="生產">生產</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D" title="資源分配">分配</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E8%B2%BB" title="消費">消費</a>有限嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90" title="資源">資源</a>，簡單嘅例子有研究一個<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="經濟體">經濟體</a>嘅普羅大眾<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E9%8C%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="使錢">使錢</a>嘅方式（<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%A2" title="錢">錢</a>係一種資源；量度：每個月攞幾多錢嚟做<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%95%E8%B3%87" title="投資">投資</a>？啲錢使落乜嘢嗰度？）。經濟學出嗮名鍾意用大量嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="數學模型">數學模型</a>嚟分析自己研究嘅現象，當中<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%BC%88%E8%AB%96" title="博弈論">博弈論</a>就好出名<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8" title="語言學">語言學</a>：研究人類嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="語言">語言</a>，包括研究語言之間嘅關係（例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" title="粵語">粵語</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1" title="官話">官話</a>都屬<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語">漢語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" title="英文">英文</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87" title="德文">德文</a>都屬<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="日耳曼語族">日耳曼語族</a>）或者<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E8%85%A6" title="人腦">人腦</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8" title="神經語言學">點樣處理語言</a>呀噉；語言學時不時都會涉及研究人腦或者人類嘅行為，所以有時會俾人分類做<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E9%9D%88%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="心靈科學">心靈科學</a>（睇下面）嘅一門<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%B8" title="考古學">考古學</a>：通過發掘同調查古人嘅遺跡遺物同文獻（<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="物質文化">物質文化</a>）嚟研究古代社會－考古學研究者會嘗試搵出古人留落嚟嘅文物（例如係古代嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E8%97%9D%E5%93%81" class="mw-redirect" title="工藝品">工藝品</a>或者<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="建築物">建築物</a>），用<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E5%AE%9A%E5%B9%B4%E6%B3%95" title="放射性定年法">放射性定年法</a>等嘅方法嚟判定每件文物有幾耐歷史，並且用呢啲文物做基礎判斷古人嘅生活方式。考古學好多時會俾人當係人文學科<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="資訊科學">資訊科學</a>（IS）：泛指研究分析、儲藏同操控<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A" title="資訊">資訊</a>嘅領域；資訊科學其中最出名嘅一環係<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8%E5%AD%B8" title="圖書館學">圖書館學</a>，會研究<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" title="圖書館">圖書館</a>（可以包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E7%A2%BC%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" title="數碼圖書館">數碼圖書館</a>）等儲起資訊嘅社會產物點樣影響人同人之間嘅資訊傳播，以及呢啲資訊傳播會對社會造成咩影響。要留意嘅係，啲人講資訊科學有時會包埋一啲唔係社會科學、但同資訊好有啦掕嘅領域，例如<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="電腦科學">電腦科學</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="政治學">政治學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="軍事學">軍事學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%B8" title="法學">法學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AF%E7%BD%AA%E5%AD%B8" title="犯罪學">犯罪學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="教育學">教育學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="新聞學">新聞學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公共關係學 (無呢版)">公共關係學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公共行政學 (無呢版)">公共行政學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="傳播學">傳播學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%AD%B8" title="民族學">民族學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%BF%97%E5%AD%B8" title="民俗學">民俗學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教學 (無呢版)">宗教學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="人類學">人類學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="組織心理學">組織心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="組織行為學 (無呢版)">組織行為學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文藝學 (無呢版)">文藝學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="史學 (無呢版)">史學</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="睇埋"><span id=".E7.9D.87.E5.9F.8B"></span>睇埋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯小節: 睇埋"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E5%AD%B8" title="商學">商學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="人文">人文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1" title="社會現象">社會現象</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%A6%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="腦神經學">腦神經學</a>，社科同生物學之間嗰條連繫。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="統計分析">統計分析</a>，社科成日要用嘅技術。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E9%9B%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="複雜系統">複雜系統</a>，社科成日要面對嘅一種問題。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註釋"><span id=".E8.A8.BB.E9.87.8B"></span>註釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=4" title="編輯小節: 註釋"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2020813">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">當中<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="經濟學">經濟學</a>零舍興用數學模型。</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="引咗"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E5.92.97"></span>引咗</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=5" title="編輯小節: 引咗"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2020813" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Godfrey-Smith 2003, Chapter 14: "<i>Bayesianism and Modern Theories of Evidence</i>".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brigandt, Ingo; Love, Alan (2017), "Reductionism in Biology", in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), <i>The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i> (Spring 2017 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dougherty, E.R. (2008). "On the Epistemological Crisis in Genomics". <i>Current Genomics</i>. 9 (2): 69-79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gluck, Mark A.; Mercado, Eduardo; Myers, Catherine E. (2016). <i>Learning and Memory: From Brain to Behavior</i>. New York/NY, USA: Worth Publishers.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cattell, R. B. (1988). Psychological theory and scientific method. In <i>Handbook of multivariate experimental psychology</i> (pp. 3-20). Springer, Boston, MA.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ashley, David; Orenstein, David M. (2005). <i>Sociological Theory: Classical Statements</i> (6 ed.). Boston: Pearson Education.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Krugman, Paul; Wells, Robin (2012). <i>Economics</i> (3rd ed.). Worth Publishers.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Halliday, Michael A.K.; Jonathan Webster (2006). <i>On Language and Linguistics</i>. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. vii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Haviland, William A.; Prins, Harald E.L.; McBride, Bunny; Walrath, Dana (2010), <i>Cultural Anthropology: The Human Challenge</i> (13th ed.), Cengage Learning,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stock, W.G., & Stock, M. (2013). <i>Handbook of Information Science</i>. Berlin, Boston, MA: De Gruyter Saur.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="科學嘅各領域" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%84%E9%A0%98%E5%9F%9F" title="Template:科學各領域"><abbr title="去睇呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">睇</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%84%E9%A0%98%E5%9F%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:科學各領域 (無呢版)"><abbr title="傾呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">傾</abbr></a></li><li 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design</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83%E6%9B%B8" title="研究計劃書">計劃書</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E6%80%A7%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="定性研究">定性</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E9%87%8F%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="定量研究">定量</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="研究問題">問題</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E8%AA%AA" title="假說">假說</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C" title="學術寫作">學術寫作</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E7%8D%BB%E7%B6%9C%E8%BF%B0" title="文獻綜述">文獻綜述</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%83%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8D%BB" title="參考文獻">參考文獻</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E6%96%87%E6%80%A7" title="互文性">互文性</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%96%E8%AD%89" title="論證">論證</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">研究方法</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%B8" title="方法學">方法研究</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" title="科學方法">科學方法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%98%E4%BA%8B%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="敘事分析">敘事分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AE%E6%A0%B9%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="紮根理論">紮根理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="批判理論">批判理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%B8%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" title="史學方法">史學方法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="解釋學">解釋學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="藝術方法學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英文" data-foreign-title="Art methodology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藝術方法學 (無呢版)">藝術方法學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英文</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_methodology" class="extiw" title="en:Art methodology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Art methodology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E7%94%A8%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="實用主義">實用主義</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="實驗">實驗</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%B0%8D%E7%85%A7" title="科學對照">對照</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="實驗設計">設計</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E7%B5%84%E5%90%8C%E5%B0%8D%E7%85%A7%E7%B5%84" title="實驗組同對照組">實驗組同對照組</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="隨機化實驗">隨機化</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%90%E5%9B%A0%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="析因實驗">析因</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E5%9C%B0%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="實地實驗">實地</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="自然實驗">自然</a>實驗</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B2%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="盲實驗">盲實驗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%96%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="準實驗">準實驗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4" title="實驗室">實驗室</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="二次研究">二次研究</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E7%8D%BB%E7%B6%9C%E8%BF%B0" title="文獻綜述">文獻綜述</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%B6%9C%E8%BF%B0" title="系統綜述">系統綜述</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="元分析">元分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E7%8D%BB%E8%A8%88%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%B8" title="文獻計量學">文獻計量學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="科學模型">科學模型</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E6%93%AC" title="模擬">模擬</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="檔案研究">檔案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E5%AD%B8" title="統計學">統計學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="觀察研究">觀察</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5" title="社會統計調查">社會調查</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%AF%9F" title="考察">考察</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E8%A9%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="面試研究">面談</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="內容分析">內容分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E8%A9%B1%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="對話分析">對話分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%8C%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="主題分析">主題分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%8B%E6%A1%88%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="個案研究">個案</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">機構制度</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="大學">大學</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2" title="研究院">研究院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%A9%E5%A3%AB" title="碩士">碩士</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB" title="博士">博士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E8%80%85" title="學者">學者</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%8A%A9%E7%90%86" title="研究助理">研究助理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="論文">論文</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87" title="博士論文">博士論文</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88" title="學術出版">出版</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A" title="學術期刊">期刊</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E5%90%8C%E5%84%95%E4%BA%92%E8%A9%95" title="學術同儕互評">同儕互評</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E7%A0%94%E8%A8%8E%E6%9C%83" title="學術研討會">研討會</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="哲學">哲學</a>相關</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98%E8%AB%96" title="知識論">知識論</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E9%A9%97%E5%90%8C%E5%BE%8C%E9%A9%97" title="先驗同後驗">先驗同後驗</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%8F%E8%BC%AF" title="邏輯">邏輯</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E9%82%8F%E8%BC%AF" title="哲學邏輯">哲學邏輯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8" title="形而上學">形而上學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="理性主義">理性主義</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E9%A9%97%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="經驗主義">經驗主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="科學哲學">科學哲學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98%E4%BB%BD%E5%AD%90" title="知識份子">知識份子</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">拉雜相關</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8B%E5%BE%8C%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="事後分析">事後分析</a></li> <li><a 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