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id="toc-Birth_and_childhood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birth_and_childhood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Birth and childhood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birth_and_childhood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy_and_Moravia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy_and_Moravia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Italy and Moravia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy_and_Moravia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-King_of_the_Romans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#King_of_the_Romans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>King of the Romans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-King_of_the_Romans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holy_Roman_Emperor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Holy Roman Emperor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holy_Roman_Emperor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Evaluation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evaluation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Evaluation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evaluation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Patronage_of_culture_and_the_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patronage_of_culture_and_the_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Patronage of culture and the arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patronage_of_culture_and_the_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Castles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Castles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Castles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Castles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Places_named_after_Charles_IV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_named_after_Charles_IV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Places named after Charles IV</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places_named_after_Charles_IV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Family-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Family subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Genealogy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genealogy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Genealogy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genealogy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fictive_genealogy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fictive_genealogy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Fictive genealogy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fictive_genealogy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_genealogy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_genealogy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Historical genealogy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_genealogy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriages_and_children" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriages_and_children"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Marriages and children</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriages_and_children-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 74 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_IV._(HRR)" title="Karl IV. (HRR) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Karl IV. (HRR)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9" title="كارل الرابع – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كارل الرابع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_IV_d%27o_Sacro_Imperio_Romano_Chermanico" title="Carlos IV d'o Sacro Imperio Romano Chermanico – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Carlos IV d'o Sacro Imperio Romano Chermanico" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_IV_de_Luxemburgu" title="Carlos IV de Luxemburgu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Carlos IV de Luxemburgu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A4%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84" title="دؤردونجو کارل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دؤردونجو کارل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B8,_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F" title="চতুর্থ চার্লস, পবিত্র রোমান সম্রাট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চতুর্থ চার্লস, পবিত্র রোমান সম্রাট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_4-s%C3%A8" title="Karl 4-sè – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Karl 4-sè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_IV_(%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B)" title="Карл IV (Изге Рим империяһы императоры) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Карл IV (Изге Рим империяһы императоры)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_IV_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Карл IV Люксембургскі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Карл IV Люксембургскі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_IV_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Карл IV Люксэмбурскі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Карл IV Люксэмбурскі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_IV_(%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Карл IV (Свещена Римска империя) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Карл IV (Свещена Римска империя)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlo_IV,_car_Svetog_Rimskog_Carstva" title="Karlo IV, car Svetog Rimskog Carstva – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Karlo IV, car Svetog Rimskog Carstva" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_IV_an_Impalaeriezh_Santel" title="Karl IV an Impalaeriezh Santel – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Karl IV an Impalaeriezh Santel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carles_IV_del_Sacre_Imperi_Romanogerm%C3%A0nic" title="Carles IV del Sacre Imperi Romanogermànic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Carles IV del Sacre Imperi Romanogermànic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karel_IV." title="Karel IV. – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Karel IV." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siarl_IV,_Ymerawdwr_Gl%C3%A2n_Rhufeinig" title="Siarl IV, Ymerawdwr Glân Rhufeinig – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Siarl IV, Ymerawdwr Glân Rhufeinig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_4._(Tysk-romerske_rige)" title="Karl 4. (Tysk-romerske rige) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Karl 4. (Tysk-romerske rige)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_IV._(HRR)" title="Karl IV. (HRR) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Karl IV. (HRR)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_IV" title="Karl IV – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Karl IV" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%94%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%A1%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Κάρολος Δ΄ της Αγίας Ρωμαϊκής Αυτοκρατορίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάρολος Δ΄ της Αγίας Ρωμαϊκής Αυτοκρατορίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_IV_del_Sacro_Imperio_Romano_Germ%C3%A1nico" title="Carlos IV del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Carlos IV del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolo_la_4-a_(Sankta_Romia_Imperio)" title="Karolo la 4-a (Sankta Romia Imperio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Karolo la 4-a (Sankta Romia Imperio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlos_IV.a_Germaniako_Erromatar_Inperio_Santukoa" title="Karlos IV.a Germaniako Erromatar Inperio Santukoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Karlos IV.a Germaniako Erromatar Inperio Santukoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%DA%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85" title="کارل چهارم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کارل چهارم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_IV_(empereur_du_Saint-Empire)" title="Charles IV (empereur du Saint-Empire) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Charles IV (empereur du Saint-Empire)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_IV_de_Luxemburgo" title="Carlos IV de Luxemburgo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Carlos IV de Luxemburgo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%BC_4%EC%84%B8" title="카를 4세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카를 4세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%BD_IV_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BD%D6%80" title="Կառլոս IV կայսր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կառլոս IV կայսր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlo_IV.,_car_Svetog_Rimskog_Carstva" title="Karlo IV., car Svetog Rimskog Carstva – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Karlo IV., car Svetog Rimskog Carstva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_IV,_Kaisar_Romawi_Suci" title="Karl IV, Kaisar Romawi Suci – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Karl IV, Kaisar Romawi Suci" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_IV_di_Lussemburgo" title="Carlo IV di Lussemburgo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carlo IV di Lussemburgo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%99,_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%94" title="קרל הרביעי, קיסר האימפריה הרומית הקדושה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרל הרביעי, קיסר האימפריה הרומית הקדושה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A_IV_(%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98)" title="კარლ IV (სრი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კარლ IV (სრი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_IV_(%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B)" title="Карл IV (Киелі Рим империясы императоры) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Карл IV (Киелі Рим империясы императоры)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_IV_(imperator)" title="Carolus IV (imperator) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carolus IV (imperator)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%81rlis_IV_Luksemburgs" title="Kārlis IV Luksemburgs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kārlis IV Luksemburgs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karel_IV._(HRR)" title="Karel IV. (HRR) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Karel IV. (HRR)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperatorius_Karolis_IV" title="Imperatorius Karolis IV – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Imperatorius Karolis IV" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_IV_de_Lussemburgh" title="Carlo IV de Lussemburgh – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Carlo IV de Lussemburgh" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IV._K%C3%A1roly_n%C3%A9met-r%C3%B3mai_cs%C3%A1sz%C3%A1r" title="IV. Károly német-római császár – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="IV. Károly német-római császár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE_IV_(%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Карло IV (Свето Римско Царство) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Карло IV (Свето Римско Царство)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_IV,_Emperora_Romana_Masina" title="Charles IV, Emperora Romana Masina – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Charles IV, Emperora Romana Masina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F)" title="चार्ल्स चौथा (पवित्र रोमन सम्राट) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चार्ल्स चौथा (पवित्र रोमन सम्राट)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9" title="كارل الرابع – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كارل الرابع" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keizer_Karel_IV" title="Keizer Karel IV – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Keizer Karel IV" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB4%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D)" title="カール4世 (神聖ローマ皇帝) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カール4世 (神聖ローマ皇帝)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarl_IV._(HRR)" title="Kaarl IV. (HRR) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kaarl IV. (HRR)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_IV_av_Det_tysk-romerske_rike" title="Karl IV av Det tysk-romerske rike – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Karl IV av Det tysk-romerske rike" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%DB%B4" title="کارل ۴ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کارل ۴" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karol_IV_Luksemburski" title="Karol IV Luksemburski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Karol IV Luksemburski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_IV_do_Sacro_Imp%C3%A9rio_Romano-Germ%C3%A2nico" title="Carlos IV do Sacro Império Romano-Germânico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Carlos IV do Sacro Império Romano-Germânico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_al_IV-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Carol al IV-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Carol al IV-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_IV_(%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8)" title="Карл IV (император Священной Римской империи) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Карл IV (император Священной Римской империи)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_IV,_Haly_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles IV, Haly Roman Emperor – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Charles IV, Haly Roman Emperor" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karli_IV" title="Karli IV – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Karli IV" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_IV" title="Charles IV – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Charles IV" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karol_IV._(Sv%C3%A4t%C3%A1_r%C3%ADmska_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)" title="Karol IV. (Svätá rímska ríša) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Karol IV. (Svätá rímska ríša)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karel_IV._Luksembur%C5%A1ki" title="Karel IV. Luksemburški – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Karel IV. Luksemburški" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%86%D8%B1_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3%DB%8C_%DA%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%85%D8%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%86%D9%85" title="ئیمپراتۆر چارلسی چوارەم، ئیمپراتۆری ڕۆم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیمپراتۆر چارلسی چوارەم، ئیمپراتۆری ڕۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE_IV,_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Карло IV, цар Светог римског царства – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Карло IV, цар Светог римског царства" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlo_IV,_car_Svetog_rimskog_carstva" title="Karlo IV, car Svetog rimskog carstva – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Karlo IV, car Svetog rimskog carstva" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarle_IV_(keisari)" title="Kaarle IV (keisari) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaarle IV (keisari)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_IV_(tysk-romersk_kejsare)" title="Karl IV (tysk-romersk kejsare) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Karl IV (tysk-romersk kejsare)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_4_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8C" title="จักรพรรดิคาร์ลที่ 4 แห่งจักรวรรดิโรมันอันศักดิ์สิทธิ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรพรรดิคาร์ลที่ 4 แห่งจักรวรรดิโรมันอันศักดิ์สิทธิ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB_IV." title="Карел IV. – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Карел IV." data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IV._Karl_(Kutsal_Roma_imparatoru)" title="IV. Karl (Kutsal Roma imparatoru) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="IV. Karl (Kutsal Roma imparatoru)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_IV_(%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97)" title="Карл IV (імператор Священної Римської імперії) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Карл IV (імператор Священної Римської імперії)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Charles IV</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_IV-John_Ocko_votive_picture-fragment.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Charles_IV-John_Ocko_votive_picture-fragment.jpg/220px-Charles_IV-John_Ocko_votive_picture-fragment.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Charles_IV-John_Ocko_votive_picture-fragment.jpg/330px-Charles_IV-John_Ocko_votive_picture-fragment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Charles_IV-John_Ocko_votive_picture-fragment.jpg/440px-Charles_IV-John_Ocko_votive_picture-fragment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="3043" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Charles IV in the <a href="/wiki/Votive_Panel_of_Jan_O%C4%8Dko_of_Vla%C5%A1im" title="Votive Panel of Jan Očko of Vlašim">Votive Panel of Jan Očko of Vlašim</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a><br /><a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy" title="King of Italy">King of Italy</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">1355 – 29 November 1378</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">Coronation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>6 January 1355, <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> (Italian)</li> <li>5 April 1355, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> (Imperial)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" title="King of the Romans">King of the Romans</a><br /><a href="/wiki/King_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Germany">King of Germany</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">11 July 1346 – 29 November 1378</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coronation</th><td class="infobox-data">26 November 1346, <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_IV_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia">Wenceslaus</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Bohemia">King of Bohemia</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">26 August 1346 – 29 November 1378</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coronation</th><td class="infobox-data">2 September 1347, <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_of_Bohemia" title="John of Bohemia">John</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_IV_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia">Wenceslaus IV</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">14 May 1316<br /><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bohemia" title="Kingdom of Bohemia">Kingdom of Bohemia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">29 November 1378 (aged 62)<br />Prague, Kingdom of Bohemia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/St._Vitus_Cathedral" title="St. Vitus Cathedral">St. Vitus Cathedral</a>, Prague</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Blanche_of_Valois" title="Blanche of Valois">Blanche of Valois</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1329; died 1348)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Bavaria" title="Anne of Bavaria">Anne of Bavaria</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1349; died 1353)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Anna_von_Schweidnitz" title="Anna von Schweidnitz">Anna von Schweidnitz</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1353; died 1362)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Pomerania" title="Elizabeth of Pomerania">Elizabeth of Pomerania</a><br /></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1363)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Bohemia,_Queen_of_Hungary" title="Margaret of Bohemia, Queen of Hungary">Margaret, Queen of Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Bohemia" title="Catherine of Bohemia">Catherine, Duchess of Austria and Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Bohemia_(1358%E2%80%931373)" title="Elisabeth of Bohemia (1358–1373)">Elisabeth, Duchess of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_IV_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia">Wenceslas, King of Bohemia and Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Bohemia" title="Anne of Bohemia">Anne, Queen of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_G%C3%B6rlitz" title="John of Görlitz">John, Duke of Görlitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Bohemia,_Burgravine_of_Nuremberg" title="Margaret of Bohemia, Burgravine of Nuremberg">Margaret, Burgravine of Nuremberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Luxembourg" title="House of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_of_Bohemia" title="John of Bohemia">John of Bohemia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Bohemia_(1292%E2%80%931330)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeth of Bohemia (1292–1330)">Elisabeth of Bohemia</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Luxembourg-Bohemia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Luxembourg-Bohemia.svg/110px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Luxembourg-Bohemia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Luxembourg-Bohemia.svg/165px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Luxembourg-Bohemia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Luxembourg-Bohemia.svg/220px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Luxembourg-Bohemia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="815" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms of the House of Luxembourg–Bohemia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Arms_of_Charles_IV%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg/110px-Arms_of_Charles_IV%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Arms_of_Charles_IV%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg/165px-Arms_of_Charles_IV%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Arms_of_Charles_IV%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg/220px-Arms_of_Charles_IV%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="802" data-file-height="920" /></a><figcaption>Arms of Charles IV as Holy Roman Emperor</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Charles IV</b> (<a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>: <i lang="cs">Karel IV.</i>; <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Karl IV.</i>; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Carolus IV</i>; 14 May 1316 – 29 November 1378<sup id="cite_ref-Herzfeld_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herzfeld-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), also known as <b>Charles of Luxembourg</b>, born <b>Wenceslaus</b> (<a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>: <i lang="cs">Václav</i>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Wenzel</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> from 1355 until his death in 1378. He was elected <a href="/wiki/King_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Germany">King of Germany</a> (<a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" title="King of the Romans">King of the Romans</a>) in 1346 and became <a href="/wiki/King_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Bohemia">King of Bohemia</a> (as <b> Charles I</b>) that same year. He was a member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Luxembourg" title="House of Luxembourg">House of Luxembourg</a> from his father's side and the Bohemian <a href="/wiki/House_of_P%C5%99emyslid" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Přemyslid">House of Přemyslid</a> from his mother's side; he emphasized the latter due to his lifelong affinity for the Bohemian side of his inheritance, and also because his direct ancestors in the Přemyslid line included two saints.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was the eldest son and heir of <a href="/wiki/John_of_Bohemia" title="John of Bohemia">John of Bohemia</a>, King of <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Luxembourg">Count of Luxembourg</a>, who died at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cr%C3%A9cy" title="Battle of Crécy">Battle of Crécy</a> on 26 August 1346. His mother, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Bohemia_(1292%E2%80%931330)" title="Elizabeth of Bohemia (1292–1330)">Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia</a>, was the sister of <a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_III_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus III of Bohemia">Wenceslaus III</a>, King of Bohemia and Poland, the last of the male <a href="/wiki/P%C5%99emysl_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Přemysl dynasty">Přemyslid rulers of Bohemia</a>. Charles inherited the <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Luxembourg">County of Luxembourg</a> from his father and was elected king of the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Bohemia">Kingdom of Bohemia</a>. On 2 September 1347, Charles was crowned King of Bohemia. </p><p>On <a href="/wiki/1346_Imperial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1346 Imperial election">11 July 1346</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prince-electors" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince-electors">prince-electors</a> chose him as <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" title="King of the Romans">King of the Romans</a> (<i>rex Romanorum</i>) in opposition to <a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor</a>. Charles was crowned on 26 November 1346 in <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a>. After his opponent died, he was re-elected in 1349 and crowned King of the Romans. In 1355, he was crowned <a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy" title="King of Italy">King of Italy</a> and Holy Roman Emperor. With his coronation as <a href="/wiki/King_of_Burgundy" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Burgundy">King of Burgundy</a> in 1365, he became the personal ruler of all the kingdoms of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>. Having played a key part in the political and cultural history of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bohemia" title="Kingdom of Bohemia">Kingdom of Bohemia</a>, he remains a popular historical figure in the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Golden_Bull_of_1356" title="Golden Bull of 1356">Golden Bull of 1356</a> marked a structural change in the politics of the Holy Roman Empire. Several aspects of <a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Cultural depictions of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor">his legacy</a> remain a contentious matter though. The image of Charles as a wise, pious, peace-loving king (partly constructed by Charles himself) has proved influential until this day, supported by several artistic or scholarly projects produced during Charles's reign or afterwards. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birth_and_childhood">Birth and childhood</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Birth and childhood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Charles was born to <a href="/wiki/John_of_Bohemia" title="John of Bohemia">John of Bohemia</a> of the Luxembourg dynasty and <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Bohemia_(1292%E2%80%931330)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeth of Bohemia (1292–1330)">Queen Elizabeth of Bohemia</a> of the Bohemian <a href="/wiki/P%C5%99emyslid_dynasty" title="Přemyslid dynasty">Přemyslid dynasty</a> in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvi_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvi-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His maternal grandfather was the Bohemian King <a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_II_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus II of Bohemia">Wenceslaus II</a>. He chose the name Charles at his <a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">confirmation</a> in honor of his uncle, King <a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_France" title="Charles IV of France">Charles IV of France</a>, at whose court he was resident for seven years.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Charles received French education and was literate and fluent in five languages: <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy_and_Moravia">Italy and Moravia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Italy and Moravia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1331, he gained some experience of warfare in Italy with his father. At the beginning of 1333, Charles went to <a href="/wiki/Lucca" title="Lucca">Lucca</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a>) to consolidate his rule there. In an effort to defend the city, Charles founded the nearby fortress and the town of <a href="/wiki/Montecarlo,_Tuscany" title="Montecarlo, Tuscany">Montecarlo</a> (Charles' Mountain).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1333, he administered the <a href="/wiki/Lands_of_the_Bohemian_Crown" title="Lands of the Bohemian Crown">lands of the Bohemian Crown</a> due to his father's frequent absence and deteriorating eyesight. In 1334, Charles was named <a href="/wiki/Margrave_of_Moravia" class="mw-redirect" title="Margrave of Moravia">Margrave of Moravia</a>, the traditional title for heirs to the throne. Two years later, he assumed the government of <a href="/wiki/Tyrol_(state)" title="Tyrol (state)">Tyrol</a> on behalf of his brother, <a href="/wiki/John_Henry,_Margrave_of_Moravia" title="John Henry, Margrave of Moravia">John Henry</a>, and was soon actively involved in a struggle for the possession of this county.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="King_of_the_Romans">King of the Romans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: King of the Romans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 11 July 1346, in consequence of an alliance between his father and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_VI" title="Pope Clement VI">Pope Clement VI</a>, relentless enemy of the emperor <a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV</a>, Charles <a href="/wiki/1346_Imperial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1346 Imperial election">was elected</a> as Roman <a href="/wiki/Anti-king" title="Anti-king">king in opposition</a> to Louis by some of the <a href="/wiki/Prince-electors" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince-electors">prince-electors</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rhens" title="Rhens">Rhens</a>. As he had previously promised to be subservient to Clement, he made extensive concessions to the pope in 1347. Confirming the papacy in the possession of vast territories, he promised to annul the acts of Louis against Clement, to take no part in Italian affairs, and to defend and protect the church.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_B%C3%B6hmen_unter_Karl_IV.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Karte_B%C3%B6hmen_unter_Karl_IV.png/220px-Karte_B%C3%B6hmen_unter_Karl_IV.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Karte_B%C3%B6hmen_unter_Karl_IV.png/330px-Karte_B%C3%B6hmen_unter_Karl_IV.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Karte_B%C3%B6hmen_unter_Karl_IV.png/440px-Karte_B%C3%B6hmen_unter_Karl_IV.png 2x" data-file-width="823" data-file-height="821" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lands_of_the_Bohemian_Crown" title="Lands of the Bohemian Crown">Lands of the Bohemian Crown</a> ruled by Charles IV</figcaption></figure> <p>Charles IV was in a very weak position in Germany. Owing to the terms of his election, he was derisively referred to as a "Priests' King" (<i>Pfaffenkönig</i>). Many bishops and nearly all of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial State">Imperial cities</a> remained loyal to Louis the Bavarian. Worse still, Charles backed the wrong side in the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a>, losing his father and many of his best knights at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cr%C3%A9cy" title="Battle of Crécy">Battle of Crécy</a> in August 1346, with Charles himself escaping from the field wounded. </p><p>Civil war in Germany was prevented, however, when Louis IV died on 11 October 1347, after suffering a stroke during a bear hunt. In January 1349, partisans from the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Wittelsbach" title="House of Wittelsbach">House of Wittelsbach</a> attempted to secure the election of <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_von_Schwarzburg" title="Günther von Schwarzburg">Günther von Schwarzburg</a> as king, but he attracted few supporters and was defeated by Charles at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Eltville" title="Siege of Eltville">siege of Eltville</a> in May. Thereafter, Charles faced no direct threat to his claim to the Imperial throne. </p><p>Charles initially worked to secure his power base. <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a> had remained untouched by the plague. <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> became his capital, and he rebuilt the city on the model of Paris, establishing the <a href="/wiki/New_Town,_Prague" title="New Town, Prague">New Town</a> (<i>Nové Město</i>). In 1348, he founded the <a href="/wiki/Charles_University_in_Prague" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles University in Prague">Charles University in Prague</a>, which was later named after him and was the first university in <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a>. This served as a training ground for bureaucrats and lawyers. Soon Prague emerged as the intellectual and cultural center of Central Europe. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Busta_Karel_IV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Busta_Karel_IV.jpg/220px-Busta_Karel_IV.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Busta_Karel_IV.jpg/330px-Busta_Karel_IV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Busta_Karel_IV.jpg/440px-Busta_Karel_IV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="649" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bust_(sculpture)" title="Bust (sculpture)">Bust</a> of Charles IV in <a href="/wiki/St._Vitus_Cathedral" title="St. Vitus Cathedral">St. Vitus Cathedral</a>, 1370s</figcaption></figure> <p>Having made good use of the difficulties of his opponents, Charles was again elected in <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a> on 17 June 1349 and re-crowned at <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a> on 25 July 1349. He was soon the undisputed ruler of the Empire. Gifts or promises had won the support of the Rhenish and <a href="/wiki/Swabia" title="Swabia">Swabian</a> towns; a marriage alliance secured the friendship of the Habsburgs; and an alliance with <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Duke_of_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolf II, Duke of Bavaria">Rudolf II of Bavaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Count_Palatine_of_the_Rhine" class="mw-redirect" title="Count Palatine of the Rhine">Count Palatine of the Rhine</a>, was obtained when Charles, who had become a widower in 1348, married Rudolph's daughter <a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Anna of Bavaria">Anna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1350, the king was visited at Prague by the Roman tribune <a href="/wiki/Cola_di_Rienzo" title="Cola di Rienzo">Cola di Rienzo</a>, who urged him to go to Italy, where the poet <a href="/wiki/Petrarch" title="Petrarch">Petrarch</a> and the citizens of <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> also implored his presence.<sup id="cite_ref-F.X.1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-F.X.1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Turning a deaf ear to these entreaties, Charles kept Cola in prison for a year, and then handed him as a prisoner to Clement at <a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Outside Prague, Charles attempted to expand the Bohemian crown lands, using his imperial authority to acquire fiefs in <a href="/wiki/Silesia" title="Silesia">Silesia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Palatinate" title="Upper Palatinate">Upper Palatinate</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Franconia" title="Franconia">Franconia</a>. The latter regions comprised "New Bohemia", a string of possessions intended to link Bohemia with the Luxemburg territories in the Rhineland. The Bohemian estates, however, were not willing to support Charles in these ventures. When Charles sought to codify Bohemian law in the <a href="/wiki/Maiestas_Carolina" title="Maiestas Carolina">Maiestas Carolina</a> of 1355, he met with sharp resistance. After that point, Charles found it expedient to scale back his efforts at centralization. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holy_Roman_Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Holy Roman Emperor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Goldene-bulle_1c-480x475.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Goldene-bulle_1c-480x475.jpg/220px-Goldene-bulle_1c-480x475.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Goldene-bulle_1c-480x475.jpg/330px-Goldene-bulle_1c-480x475.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Goldene-bulle_1c-480x475.jpg/440px-Goldene-bulle_1c-480x475.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Golden_Bull_of_1356" title="Golden Bull of 1356">Golden Bull of 1356</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1354, Charles crossed the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a> without an army, received the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Crown_of_Lombardy" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron Crown of Lombardy">Lombard crown</a> in <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Sant%27Ambrogio" title="Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio">St. Ambrose Basilica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, on 6 January 1355, and was crowned emperor at <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> by a <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">cardinal</a> on April 5 of the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-Palacky_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palacky-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His sole object appears to have been to obtain the Imperial crown in peace, in accordance with a promise previously made to Pope Clement. He only remained in the city for a few hours, in spite of the expressed wishes of the Roman people. Having virtually abandoned all the Imperial rights in Italy, the emperor re-crossed the Alps, pursued by the scornful words of Petrarch, but laden with considerable wealth.<sup id="cite_ref-F.XIX.12_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-F.XIX.12-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On his return, Charles was occupied with the administration of the Empire, then just recovering from the <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a>, and in 1356, he promulgated the famous <a href="/wiki/Golden_Bull_of_1356" title="Golden Bull of 1356">Golden Bull</a> to regulate the election of the king.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holy_Roman_Empire_at_the_Golden_Bull_of_1356.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Holy_Roman_Empire_at_the_Golden_Bull_of_1356.png/220px-Holy_Roman_Empire_at_the_Golden_Bull_of_1356.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Holy_Roman_Empire_at_the_Golden_Bull_of_1356.png/330px-Holy_Roman_Empire_at_the_Golden_Bull_of_1356.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Holy_Roman_Empire_at_the_Golden_Bull_of_1356.png/440px-Holy_Roman_Empire_at_the_Golden_Bull_of_1356.png 2x" data-file-width="4872" data-file-height="4672" /></a><figcaption>Charles's possessions at the signing of the Golden Bull of 1356</figcaption></figure> <p>Having given <a href="/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia">Moravia</a> to one brother, <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="John Henry of Bohemia">John Henry</a>, and erected the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Luxembourg" title="County of Luxembourg">county of Luxembourg</a> into a duchy for another, <a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_I,_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg">Wenceslaus</a>, he was unremitting in his efforts to secure other territories as compensation and to strengthen the Bohemian monarchy. To this end he purchased part of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Palatinate" title="Upper Palatinate">Upper Palatinate</a> in 1353, and in 1367 annexed <a href="/wiki/Lower_Lusatia" title="Lower Lusatia">Lower Lusatia</a> to Bohemia and bought numerous estates in various parts of Germany. On the death of <a href="/wiki/Meinhard_III_of_Gorizia-Tyrol" class="mw-redirect" title="Meinhard III of Gorizia-Tyrol">Meinhard, Duke of Upper Bavaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Tyrol" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Tyrol">Count of Tyrol</a>, in 1363, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Bavaria" title="Upper Bavaria">Upper Bavaria</a> was claimed by the sons of the emperor Louis IV, and <a href="/wiki/Tyrol_(state)" title="Tyrol (state)">Tyrol</a> by <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_IV,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria">Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria</a>. Both claims were admitted by Charles on the understanding that if these families died out both territories should pass to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Luxembourg" title="House of Luxembourg">House of Luxembourg</a>. At about the same time, he was promised the succession to the <a href="/wiki/Margravate_of_Brandenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Margravate of Brandenburg">Margravate of Brandenburg</a>, which he actually obtained for his son Wenceslaus in 1373.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Interview_of_King_Charles_V_with_the_Emperor_Charles_IV_in_Paris_in_1378_Fac_simile_of_a_Miniature_in_the_Description_of_this_Interview_Manuscript_of_the_Fifteenth_Century_in_the_Library_of_the_Arsenal_of_Paris.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Interview_of_King_Charles_V_with_the_Emperor_Charles_IV_in_Paris_in_1378_Fac_simile_of_a_Miniature_in_the_Description_of_this_Interview_Manuscript_of_the_Fifteenth_Century_in_the_Library_of_the_Arsenal_of_Paris.png/220px-thumbnail.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Interview_of_King_Charles_V_with_the_Emperor_Charles_IV_in_Paris_in_1378_Fac_simile_of_a_Miniature_in_the_Description_of_this_Interview_Manuscript_of_the_Fifteenth_Century_in_the_Library_of_the_Arsenal_of_Paris.png/330px-thumbnail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Interview_of_King_Charles_V_with_the_Emperor_Charles_IV_in_Paris_in_1378_Fac_simile_of_a_Miniature_in_the_Description_of_this_Interview_Manuscript_of_the_Fifteenth_Century_in_the_Library_of_the_Arsenal_of_Paris.png/440px-thumbnail.png 2x" data-file-width="1462" data-file-height="1524" /></a><figcaption>Meeting with <a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles V of France</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> in 1378, from a fifteenth-century manuscript in the <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_de_l%27Arsenal" title="Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal">Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Casimir_III_the_Great" title="Casimir III the Great">Casimir III of Poland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Hungary" title="Louis I of Hungary">Louis I of Hungary</a> entered a conspiracy against Charles and managed to persuade <a href="/wiki/Otto_V,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Otto V, Duke of Bavaria">Otto V of Bavaria</a> to join. After the repeal of the estate contract by margrave Otto, in early July 1371, Charles IV declared hostilities and invaded <a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Brandenburg" title="Margraviate of Brandenburg">Margraviate of Brandenburg</a>; after two years of conflict, in 1373 Brandenburg became part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bohemia" title="Kingdom of Bohemia">Czech lands</a>. This was when he gave the order to measure his new territory, its villages, people, and income. This was recorded in the <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landbuch_Karls_IV." class="extiw" title="de:Landbuch Karls IV.">Landbuch of Charles IV</a>, which was finished in 1375. Many villages were mentioned for the first time in this book, so it can provide information on how old they are. He also gained a considerable portion of <a href="/wiki/Silesia" title="Silesia">Silesian</a> territory, partly by inheritance through his third wife, <a href="/wiki/Anna_von_Schweidnitz" title="Anna von Schweidnitz">Anna von Schweidnitz</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Duke_of_%C5%9Awidnica" title="Henry II, Duke of Świdnica">Henry II, Duke of Świdnica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Hungary_(d._1355)" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine of Hungary (d. 1355)">Catherine of Hungary</a>. In 1365, Charles visited <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_V" title="Pope Urban V">Pope Urban V</a> at <a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a> and undertook to escort him to Rome; on the same occasion he was crowned King of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Burgundy" title="Lower Burgundy">Burgundy</a> at <a href="/wiki/Arles" title="Arles">Arles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His second journey to Italy took place in 1368 when he had a meeting with Pope Urban V at <a href="/wiki/Viterbo" title="Viterbo">Viterbo</a>, was besieged in his palace at <a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a>, and left the country before the end of 1369. During his later years, the emperor took little part in German affairs beyond securing the election of his son Wenceslaus as king of the Romans in 1376, and negotiating a peace between the <a href="/wiki/Swabian_League_of_Cities" title="Swabian League of Cities">Swabian League of Cities</a> and some nobles in 1378. After dividing his lands between his three sons and his nephews,<sup id="cite_ref-Herzfeld_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herzfeld-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he died in November 1378 at <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, where he was buried, and where a statue was erected to his memory in 1848.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Charles IV suffered from <a href="/wiki/Gout" title="Gout">gout</a> (metabolic arthritis), a painful disease quite common in that time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Cultural depictions of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Cultural depictions of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evaluation">Evaluation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Evaluation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The reign of Charles IV was characterized by a transformation in the nature of the Empire and is remembered as the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Age" title="Golden Age">Golden Age</a> of Bohemia. He promulgated the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Bull_of_1356" title="Golden Bull of 1356">Golden Bull of 1356</a> whereby the succession to the imperial title was laid down, which held for the next four centuries. </p><p>He also organized the states of the empire into peace-keeping <a href="/wiki/Confederations" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederations">confederations</a>. In these, the Imperial cities figured prominently. The Swabian Landfriede confederation of 1370 was made up almost entirely of <a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">Imperial Cities</a>. At the same time, the leagues were organized and led by the crown and its agents. As with the electors, the cities that served in these leagues were given privileges to aid in their efforts to keep the peace. </p><p>He assured his dominance over the eastern borders of the Empire through succession treaties with the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburgs</a> and the purchase of Brandenburg. He also claimed imperial lordship over the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">crusader</a> states of <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Livonia" title="Livonia">Livonia</a>. </p><p>In 2005 Charles IV ranked the first in the TV show <i><a href="/wiki/Nejv%C4%9Bt%C5%A1%C3%AD_%C4%8Cech" title="Největší Čech">Největší Čech</a></i>, the Czech <a href="/wiki/Greatest_Britons_spin-offs" title="Greatest Britons spin-offs">spin-off of the BBC <i>Greatest Britons</i> show</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Patronage_of_culture_and_the_arts">Patronage of culture and the arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Patronage of culture and the arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karl_IV_HRR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Karl_IV_HRR.jpg/170px-Karl_IV_HRR.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Karl_IV_HRR.jpg/255px-Karl_IV_HRR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Karl_IV_HRR.jpg/340px-Karl_IV_HRR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="428" data-file-height="639" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Charles IV near <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bridge" title="Charles Bridge">Charles Bridge</a> (1848), Prague, by <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Julius_H%C3%A4hnel" title="Ernst Julius Hähnel">Ernst Julius Hähnel</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> became the capital of the Holy Roman Empire during the reign of Charles IV. The name of the royal founder and patron remains on many monuments and institutions, for example <a href="/wiki/Charles_University" title="Charles University">Charles University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bridge" title="Charles Bridge">Charles Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Square" title="Charles Square">Charles Square</a>. <a href="/wiki/Czech_Gothic_architecture" title="Czech Gothic architecture">High Gothic</a> <a href="/wiki/Prague_Castle" title="Prague Castle">Prague Castle</a> and part of the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vitus_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Vitus Cathedral">cathedral of Saint Vitus</a> by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Parler" title="Peter Parler">Peter Parler</a> were also built under his patronage. Finally, the first flowering of manuscript painting in Prague dates from Charles's reign. In the present <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, he is still regarded as <i><a href="/wiki/Pater_Patriae" title="Pater Patriae">Pater Patriae</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Father_of_the_Nation" title="Father of the Nation">father of the country</a> or <i>otec vlasti</i>), a title first coined by <a href="/wiki/Adalbertus_Ranconis_de_Ericinio" title="Adalbertus Ranconis de Ericinio">Adalbertus Ranconis de Ericinio</a> at his funeral. </p><p>Charles also had strong ties to <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a>, staying within its city walls 52 times and thereby strengthening its reputation amongst German cities. Charles was the patron of the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Frauenkirche" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg Frauenkirche">Nuremberg Frauenkirche</a>, built between 1352 and 1362 (the architect was likely <a href="/wiki/Peter_Parler" title="Peter Parler">Peter Parler</a>), where the imperial court worshipped during its stays in Nuremberg. </p><p>Charles's imperial policy was focused on the dynastic sphere and abandoned the lofty ideal of the Empire as a universal monarchy of <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a>. In 1353, he granted the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Luxembourg" title="Duchy of Luxembourg">Duchy of Luxembourg</a> to his half-brother, <a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_I,_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg">Wenceslaus</a>. He concentrated his energies chiefly on the economic and intellectual development of Bohemia, where he founded the university in 1348 and encouraged the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_humanism" title="Renaissance humanism">early humanists</a>. He corresponded with <a href="/wiki/Petrarch" title="Petrarch">Petrarch</a> and invited him to visit the royal residence in Prague, whilst the Italian hoped – to no avail – to see Charles move his residence to Rome and reawaken tradition of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. </p><p>Charles's sister <a href="/wiki/Bonne_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonne of Bohemia">Bona</a> married the eldest son of <a href="/wiki/Philip_VI_of_France" title="Philip VI of France">Philip VI of France</a>, the future <a href="/wiki/John_II_of_France" title="John II of France">John II of France</a>, in 1335. Thus, Charles was the maternal uncle of <a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles V of France</a>, who solicited his relative's advice at <a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a> in 1356 during the <a href="/wiki/Parisian_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Parisian Revolt">Parisian Revolt</a>. This family connection was celebrated publicly when Charles made a solemn visit to his nephew in 1378, just months before his death. A detailed account of the occasion, enriched by many splendid miniatures, can be found in Charles V's copy of the <i><a href="/wiki/Grandes_Chroniques_de_France" title="Grandes Chroniques de France">Grandes Chroniques de France</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Castles">Castles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Castles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Castles built or established by Charles IV:<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl%C5%A1tejn" title="Karlštejn">Karlštejn</a>, 1348–1355 in <a href="/wiki/Central_Bohemian_Region" title="Central Bohemian Region">Central Bohemian Region</a> for safekeeping the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Regalia" title="Imperial Regalia">Imperial Regalia</a>, especially the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Crown_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire">Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire</a> (later the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Crown_Jewels" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech Crown Jewels">Czech Crown Jewels</a> were also kept there)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%C5%A1perk_Castle" title="Kašperk Castle">Kašperk</a> (Karlsberg), 1356 in <a href="/wiki/Ka%C5%A1persk%C3%A9_Hory" title="Kašperské Hory">Kašperské Hory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Plze%C5%88_Region" title="Plzeň Region">Plzeň Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauf_Castle" title="Lauf Castle">Lauf</a> (Wenzelsburg) – built on the way connecting <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Palatinate" title="Bohemian Palatinate">Bohemian Palatinate</a>, inside survived 112 coats of arms of the Bohemian Kingdom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montecarlo,_Tuscany" title="Montecarlo, Tuscany">Montecarlo</a> in Italy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radyn%C4%9B_Castle" title="Radyně Castle">Radyně</a> (Karlskrone) – around 1360 in Plzeň Region</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hr%C3%A1dek_u_Purkarce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hrádek u Purkarce (page does not exist)">Hrádek u Purkarce</a> (Karlshaus) – around 1357</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepenec_Castle" title="Tepenec Castle">Tepenec</a> (Twingenberg, Karlsburg) in <a href="/wiki/J%C3%ADvov%C3%A1" title="Jívová">Jívová</a> in <a href="/wiki/Olomouc_Region" title="Olomouc Region">Olomouc Region</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlsfried&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karlsfried (page does not exist)">Karlsfried</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Places_named_after_Charles_IV">Places named after Charles IV</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Places named after Charles IV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Czech Republic</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karlovy_Vary" title="Karlovy Vary">Karlovy Vary</a>, a spa city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl%C5%A1tejn_(Beroun_District)" title="Karlštejn (Beroun District)">Karlštejn</a>, a town beyond the eponymous castle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bridge" title="Charles Bridge">Charles Bridge</a> (<i>Karlův most</i>), Prague</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_University" title="Charles University">Charles University</a> (<i>Univerzita Karlova</i>), Prague</li> <li>Multiple squares – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Square" title="Charles Square">Charles Square</a> (<i>Karlovo náměstí</i>) in Prague and others, for example in <a href="/wiki/Brno" title="Brno">Brno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kol%C3%ADn" title="Kolín">Kolín</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C4%9Bln%C3%ADk" title="Mělník">Mělník</a> etc.</li> <li>Multiple streets</li></ul> <dl><dt>Italy</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montecarlo,_Tuscany" title="Montecarlo, Tuscany">Montecarlo</a> (Charles's Mountain), a municipality</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:100CZK_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/100CZK_obverse.jpg/220px-100CZK_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/100CZK_obverse.jpg/330px-100CZK_obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/100CZK_obverse.jpg/440px-100CZK_obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="288" /></a><figcaption>100-CZK banknote</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The 100-<a href="/wiki/Czech_koruna" title="Czech koruna">Czech koruna</a> banknote</li> <li><a href="/wiki/16951_Carolus_Quartus" class="mw-redirect" title="16951 Carolus Quartus">16951 Carolus Quartus</a>, an asteroid</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genealogy">Genealogy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Genealogy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fictive_genealogy">Fictive genealogy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Fictive genealogy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Imperial genealogists <a href="/wiki/Pseudohistory" title="Pseudohistory"> invented</a> early <a href="/wiki/House_of_Luxembourg" title="House of Luxembourg">House of Luxembourg</a> forefathers for Charles IV, extending back to <a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a> via <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(god)" title="Jupiter (god)"> Jupiter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saturn_(mythology)" title="Saturn (mythology)"> Saturn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Historical_genealogy">Historical genealogy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Historical genealogy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border:2px black solid"><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VII</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Henry of Luxembourg)<br /><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1273</span> – 24 August 1313<br />King of the Romans<br />King of Italy<br />Holy Roman Emperor</span></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Brabant" title="Margaret of Brabant">Margaret of Brabant</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">4 October 1276 – 14 December 1311</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Judith_of_Habsburg" title="Judith of Habsburg">Judith of Habsburg</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">13 March 1271 – 18 June 1297</span></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_II_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus II of Bohemia">Wenceslaus II</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">27 September 1271 – 21 June 1305<br />King of Bohemia<br />King of Poland</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/John_of_Bohemia" title="John of Bohemia">John the Blind</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(John of Luxembourg)<br />King of Bohemia<br />10 August 1296 – 26 August 1346</span></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Bohemia_(1292%E2%80%931330)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeth of Bohemia (1292–1330)">Elisabeth of Bohemia</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">20 January 1292 – 28 September 1330</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_III_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus III of Bohemia">Wenceslaus III</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1289–1306<br />King of Hungary<br />King of Croatia<br />King of Bohemia<br />King of Poland</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border:0; vertical-align:bottom"><i><span style="font-size:85%;">m1. 15 May 1323</span></i></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border:0; vertical-align:bottom"><i><span style="font-size:85%;">m2. March 1349</span></i></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border:0; vertical-align:bottom"><i><span style="font-size:85%;">m3. 27 May 1353</span></i></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border:0; vertical-align:bottom"><i><span style="font-size:85%;">m4. 21 May 1363</span></i></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Blanche_of_Valois" title="Blanche of Valois">Blanche of Valois</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1316 – 1 August 1348</span></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;border-bottom:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Bavaria" title="Anne of Bavaria">Anne of Bavaria</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">26 September 1329 – 2 February 1353</span></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;border-bottom:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border:2px black solid"><b>Charles IV</b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Wenceslaus/Charles of Luxembourg)<br />14 May 1316 – 29 November 1378<br />King of Bohemia<br />King of the Romans<br />King of Italy<br />Holy Roman Emperor</span></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;border-bottom:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Anna_von_Schweidnitz" title="Anna von Schweidnitz">Anna von Schweidnitz</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1339 – 11 July 1362</span></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Pomerania" title="Elizabeth of Pomerania">Elizabeth of Pomerania</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1347</span> – 14 February 1393</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">son<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">born 1334</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Bohemia,_Queen_of_Hungary" title="Margaret of Bohemia, Queen of Hungary">Margaret of Bohemia</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1335–1349</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Katharine_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Katharine of Bohemia">Catherine of Bohemia</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1342–1395</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">Wenceslas<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1350–1351</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Bohemia_(1358%E2%80%931373)" title="Elisabeth of Bohemia (1358–1373)">Elisabeth of Bohemia</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1358–1373</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border:2px black solid"><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_IV_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia">Wenceslaus IV</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Wenceslaus of Luxembourg)<br />1361–1419<br />King of Germany<br />King of Bohemia</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">son<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1362</span></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Richard_II_of_England" title="Richard II of England">Richard II</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1367–1400<br />King of England</span></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Bohemia" title="Anne of Bohemia">Anne of Bohemia</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1366–1394</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border:2px black solid"><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Sigismund of Luxembourg)<br />1368–1437<br />King of Bohemia<br />Holy Roman Emperor<br />King of Hungary</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/John_of_G%C3%B6rlitz" title="John of Görlitz">John of Görlitz</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1370–1396</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">Charles<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1372–1373</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Bohemia,_Burgravine_of_Nuremberg" title="Margaret of Bohemia, Burgravine of Nuremberg">Margaret of Bohemia</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1373–1410</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">Henry<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1377–1378</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriages_and_children">Marriages and children</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Marriages and children"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karl_IV_Blanca_Valois.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Karl_IV_Blanca_Valois.jpg/220px-Karl_IV_Blanca_Valois.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Karl_IV_Blanca_Valois.jpg/330px-Karl_IV_Blanca_Valois.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Karl_IV_Blanca_Valois.jpg/440px-Karl_IV_Blanca_Valois.jpg 2x" data-file-width="441" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption>Charles and his first wife, Blanche</figcaption></figure> <p>Charles was married four times. His first wife was <a href="/wiki/Blanche_of_Valois" title="Blanche of Valois">Blanche of Valois</a> (1316–1348), daughter of <a href="/wiki/Charles_of_Valois" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles of Valois">Charles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Valois" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Valois">Count of Valois</a>, and a half-sister of King <a href="/wiki/Philip_VI_of_France" title="Philip VI of France">Philip VI of France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvi_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvi-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had three children: </p> <ul><li>son (born 1334), died young.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Bohemia,_Queen_of_Hungary" title="Margaret of Bohemia, Queen of Hungary">Margaret of Bohemia, Queen of Hungary</a> (1335–1349); married King <a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Hungary" title="Louis I of Hungary">Louis I of Hungary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDvornik196252_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDvornik196252-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Bohemia" title="Catherine of Bohemia">Catherine of Bohemia</a> (1342–1395); married <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_IV,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria">Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaschke1997102_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaschke1997102-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Otto_V,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Otto V, Duke of Bavaria">Otto V, Duke of Bavaria</a> and Elector of Brandenburg.</li></ul> <p>He secondly married <a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Anna of Bavaria">Anna of Bavaria</a>, (1329–1353), daughter of <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Count_Palatine_of_the_Rhine" title="Rudolf II, Count Palatine of the Rhine">Rudolf II, Count Palatine of the Rhine</a>; they had one son: </p> <ul><li>Wenceslaus (1350–1351).</li></ul> <p>His third wife was <a href="/wiki/Anna_von_Schweidnitz" title="Anna von Schweidnitz">Anna von Schweidnitz</a>, (1339–1362),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvi_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvi-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> daughter of <a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Duke_of_%C5%9Awidnica" title="Henry II, Duke of Świdnica">Henry II, Duke of Świdnica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Hungary_(d._1355)" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine of Hungary (d. 1355)">Katharina of Anjou</a> (daughter of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Hungary" title="Charles I of Hungary">Charles I Robert, King of Hungary</a>), by whom he had three children: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Bohemia_(1358%E2%80%931373)" title="Elisabeth of Bohemia (1358–1373)">Elisabeth of Bohemia</a> (19 April 1358 – 4 September 1373); married <a href="/wiki/Albert_III,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Albert III, Duke of Austria">Albert III, Duke of Austria</a> at the very young age of 8 and died at the age of 15, they had no children.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvi_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvi-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_IV_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia">Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia</a> (1361–1419);<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvi_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvi-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later elected King of Germany (formally King of the Romans) and on his father's death, became King of Bohemia (as Wenceslaus IV) and Emperor-elect of the Holy Roman Empire; married firstly to <a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Bavaria" title="Joanna of Bavaria">Joanna of Bavaria</a> in 1370 and secondly to <a href="/wiki/Sophia_of_Bavaria" title="Sophia of Bavaria">Sophia of Bavaria</a> in 1389.</li> <li>son (born and died 11 July 1362).</li></ul> <p>His fourth wife was <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Pomerania" title="Elizabeth of Pomerania">Elizabeth of Pomerania</a>, (1345 or 1347 – 1393),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvii_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvii-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> daughter of <a href="/wiki/Bogislaw_V,_Duke_of_Pomerania" title="Bogislaw V, Duke of Pomerania">Bogislaw V, Duke of Pomerania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Poland_(1326-1361)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeth of Poland (1326-1361)">Elisabeth of Poland</a> who was the daughter of King <a href="/wiki/Casimir_III_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Casimir III of Poland">Casimir III of Poland</a>. They had six children: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Bohemia" title="Anne of Bohemia">Anne of Bohemia, Queen of England</a> (1366–1394); married King <a href="/wiki/Richard_II_of_England" title="Richard II of England">Richard II of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvii_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvii-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund of Bohemia</a> (1368–1437);<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvii_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvii-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later became Holy Roman Emperor, was King of Bohemia, <a href="/wiki/Margrave_of_Brandenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Margrave of Brandenburg">Margrave of Brandenburg</a>, and also <a href="/wiki/King_of_Hungary" title="King of Hungary">King of Hungary</a> through his first marriage to <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Hungary" title="Mary, Queen of Hungary">Mary, Queen of Hungary</a> in 1385. His second marriage was to <a href="/wiki/Barbara_of_Cilli" title="Barbara of Cilli">Barbara of Cilli</a>, the daughter and youngest child of <a href="/wiki/Herman_II,_Count_of_Celje" class="mw-redirect" title="Herman II, Count of Celje">Herman II, Count of Celje</a>, in 1405/1408.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_G%C3%B6rlitz" title="John of Görlitz">John of Bohemia</a> (1370–1396); later <a href="/wiki/Margrave_of_Moravia" class="mw-redirect" title="Margrave of Moravia">Margrave of Moravia</a> and Duke of <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6rlitz" title="Görlitz">Görlitz</a>; married <a href="/wiki/Richardis_Catherine_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Richardis Catherine of Sweden">Richardis Catherine of Sweden</a>, the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Albert,_King_of_Sweden" title="Albert, King of Sweden">Albert, King of Sweden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvii_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvii-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His only daughter and heiress <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_G%C3%B6rlitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeth of Görlitz">Elisabeth of Görlitz</a> was <a href="/wiki/Duchess_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchess of Luxembourg">Duchess of Luxembourg</a>.</li> <li>Charles (13 March 1372 – 24 July 1373).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Bohemia,_Burgravine_of_Nuremberg" title="Margaret of Bohemia, Burgravine of Nuremberg">Margaret of Bohemia, Burgravine of Nuremberg</a> (1373–1410); married <a href="/wiki/John_III,_Burgrave_of_Nuremberg" title="John III, Burgrave of Nuremberg">John III, Burgrave of Nuremberg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvii_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvii-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Henry (1377–1378).</li></ul> <p>Charles had one illegitimate son, William, born in 1362 to an unknown woman. He was raised in Brabant and seems to have joined his father at the time of the latter's trip to France in 1377. He was acknowledged by his father, who sought a <a href="/wiki/Papal_dispensation" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal dispensation">papal dispensation</a> for him to marry within the fourth degree. It is unknown if he ever married. He served his Bohemian relatives as a diplomat, but his ultimate fate is unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Herzfeld-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Herzfeld_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Herzfeld_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Karl IV</i>. In: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Herzfeld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Herzfeld (page does not exist)">Hans Herzfeld</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Herzfeld" class="extiw" title="de:Hans Herzfeld">de</a>]</sup> (1960): <i>Geschichte in Gestalten</i> (<i>History in figures</i>), vol. 2: <i>F–K</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Das_Fischer_Lexikon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Das Fischer Lexikon (page does not exist)">Das Fischer Lexikon</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Das_Fischer_Lexikon" class="extiw" title="de:Das Fischer Lexikon">de</a>]</sup> 38, Frankfurt 1963, p. 294</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKavka1998" class="citation book cs1">Kavka, František (1998). "Chapter 3: Politics and culture under Charles IV". In <a href="/wiki/Mikul%C3%A1%C5%A1_Teich" title="Mikuláš Teich">Teich, Mikuláš</a> (ed.). <i>Bohemia in History</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-43155-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-43155-7"><bdi>0-521-43155-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+3%3A+Politics+and+culture+under+Charles+IV&rft.btitle=Bohemia+in+History&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-521-43155-7&rft.aulast=Kavka&rft.aufirst=Franti%C5%A1ek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+IV%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahoney2011" class="citation book cs1">Mahoney, William (2011). <i>The history of the Czech Republic and Slovakia</i>. Greenwood. p. 50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0313363054" title="Special:BookSources/978-0313363054"><bdi>978-0313363054</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+history+of+the+Czech+Republic+and+Slovakia&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0313363054&rft.aulast=Mahoney&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+IV%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgnew2004" class="citation book cs1">Agnew, Hugh (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/czechslandsofboh00agne/page/32"><i>The Czechs and the lands of the Bohemian crown</i></a></span>. Hoover Institution Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/czechslandsofboh00agne/page/32">32</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0817944926" title="Special:BookSources/978-0817944926"><bdi>978-0817944926</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Czechs+and+the+lands+of+the+Bohemian+crown&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Hoover+Institution+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0817944926&rft.aulast=Agnew&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fczechslandsofboh00agne%2Fpage%2F32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+IV%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvi-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvi_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvi_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvi_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvi_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvi_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoehmFajt2005">Boehm & Fajt 2005</a>, p. xvi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210309021701/https://www.prague.eu/en/articles/charles-iv-the-greatest-czech-12036">"Charles IV – the greatest Czech"</a>. Prague City Tourism Prague City Tourism. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prague.eu/en/articles/charles-iv-the-greatest-czech-12036">the original</a> on 9 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charles+IV+%E2%80%93+the+greatest+Czech&rft.pub=Prague+City+Tourism+Prague+City+Tourism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prague.eu%2Fen%2Farticles%2Fcharles-iv-the-greatest-czech-12036&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+IV%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeyserSmith2016" class="citation book cs1">Leyser, Conrad; Smith, Lesley (2016). <i>Motherhood, Religion, and Society in Medieval Europe, 400–1400</i>. Taylor & Francis. p. 138. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317093978" title="Special:BookSources/9781317093978"><bdi>9781317093978</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Motherhood%2C+Religion%2C+and+Society+in+Medieval+Europe%2C+400%E2%80%931400&rft.pages=138&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781317093978&rft.aulast=Leyser&rft.aufirst=Conrad&rft.au=Smith%2C+Lesley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+IV%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.contadolucchese.it/ingl.montecarlo.htm">Montecarlo</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_9-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_9-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_9-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Charles_IV._(Roman_Emperor)" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Charles IV. (Roman Emperor)">Charles IV. (Roman Emperor)</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 898–899.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Charles+IV.+%28Roman+Emperor%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=898-899&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+IV%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-F.X.1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-F.X.1_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Petrarca" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco Petrarca">Francesco Petrarca</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Epistolae_familiares" title="Epistolae familiares">Epistolae familiares</a></i> X.1, XII.1, XVIII.1; See also: E.H. Wilkins <i>Life of Petrarch</i> (Chicago, 1961) 97, 112, 134 resp.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palacky-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Palacky_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_Palack%C3%BD" title="František Palacký">František Palacký</a>. <i>Dějiny národu českého v Čechách i v Moravě</i>, books VIII and IX</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-F.XIX.12-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-F.XIX.12_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Petrarca" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco Petrarca">Francesco Petrarca</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Epistolae_familiares" title="Epistolae familiares">Epistolae familiares</a></i> XIX.12; see also E. H. Wilkins, <i>Life of Petrarch</i> (Chicago, 1961), p. 147</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minulost.org/archiv/48/karel-iv-cesky-kral">Karel IV. – český král</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilver2008" class="citation book cs1">Silver, Larry (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4o3rAAAAMAAJ"><i>Marketing Maximilian: The Visual Ideology of a Holy Roman Emperor</i></a>. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691130194" title="Special:BookSources/9780691130194"><bdi>9780691130194</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>. <q>Beginning with Noah and his son Ham, the seventh and eighth ancestors of Charles IV are named as Saturn and Jupiter, respectively!</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marketing+Maximilian%3A+The+Visual+Ideology+of+a+Holy+Roman+Emperor&rft.place=Princeton%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780691130194&rft.aulast=Silver&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4o3rAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+IV%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDvornik196252-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDvornik196252_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDvornik1962">Dvornik 1962</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaschke1997102-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaschke1997102_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJaschke1997">Jaschke 1997</a>, p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvii-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvii_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvii_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvii_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvii_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoehmFajt2005xvii_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoehmFajt2005">Boehm & Fajt 2005</a>, p. xvii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ondřej Schmidtm <i>John of Moravia between the Czech Lands and the Patriarchate of Aquileia (ca. 1345–1394)</i> (Brill, 2019), p. 31.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoehmFajt2005" class="citation book cs1">Boehm, Barbara Drake; Fajt, Jiri, eds. (2005). <i>Prague: The Crown of Bohemia, 1347–1437</i>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0300111385" title="Special:BookSources/978-0300111385"><bdi>978-0300111385</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prague%3A+The+Crown+of+Bohemia%2C+1347%E2%80%931437&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0300111385&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+IV%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDvornik1962" class="citation book cs1">Dvornik, Francis (1962). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/slavsineuropeanh0000dvor"><i>The Slavs in European History and Civilization</i></a></span>. Rutgers University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0813507996" title="Special:BookSources/978-0813507996"><bdi>978-0813507996</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Slavs+in+European+History+and+Civilization&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=1962&rft.isbn=978-0813507996&rft.aulast=Dvornik&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fslavsineuropeanh0000dvor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+IV%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaschke1997" class="citation book cs1">Jaschke, Karl-Ulrich (1997). "From Famous Empresses to Unspectacular Queens". In Duggan, Anne J. (ed.). <i>Queens and Queenship in Medieval Europe</i>. The Boydell Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0230276468" title="Special:BookSources/978-0230276468"><bdi>978-0230276468</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=From+Famous+Empresses+to+Unspectacular+Queens&rft.btitle=Queens+and+Queenship+in+Medieval+Europe&rft.pub=The+Boydell+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0230276468&rft.aulast=Jaschke&rft.aufirst=Karl-Ulrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+IV%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Charles IV (autobiography), edited by Balázs Nagy, Frank Schaer: <i>Autobiography of Emperor Charles IV; And, His Legend of St. Wenceslas: Karoli IV Imperatoris Romanorum Vita Ab Eo Ipso Conscripta; Et, Hystoria Nova de Sancto Wenceslao Martyre</i>, Published by Central European University Press, 2001, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9639116320" title="Special:BookSources/978-9639116320">978-9639116320</a>, 259 pages, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ABEtigG0LLkC">books.google.com</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoehm2005" class="citation book cs1">Boehm, Barbara Drake (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15324coll10/id/218200"><i>Prague : the Crown of Bohemia, 1347–1437</i></a>. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1588391612" title="Special:BookSources/1588391612"><bdi>1588391612</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prague+%3A+the+Crown+of+Bohemia%2C+1347%E2%80%931437&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1588391612&rft.aulast=Boehm&rft.aufirst=Barbara+Drake&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibmma.contentdm.oclc.org%2Fcdm%2Fref%2Fcollection%2Fp15324coll10%2Fid%2F218200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+IV%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style 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href="/wiki/German_National_Library" title="German National Library">German National Library</a> catalogue</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/entity/118560085">Works by and about Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Digitale_Bibliothek" title="Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek">Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek</a> (German Digital Library)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304201749/http://resikom.adw-goettingen.gwdg.de/artikel.php?ArtikelID=94">Entry in the <i>Residenzen-Kommission</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://regesta-imperii.digitale-sammlungen.de/abteilung/ri08">Regesta Imperii</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opac.regesta-imperii.de/lang_de/suche.php?tags=118560085">Publications on Charles IV.</a> in the OPAC of the Regesta Imperii</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://telota.bbaw.de/constitutiones/">'Constitutiones et acta publica imperatorum et regum 1357–1378'</a> – digital pre-publication of documents by Charles IV by the <a href="/wiki/Monumenta_Germaniae_Historica" title="Monumenta Germaniae Historica">MGH</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geschichtsquellen.de/repPers_118560085.html">"Carolus IV"</a>. <i>Repertorium "Historical Sources of the German Middle Ages" (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Geschichtsquellen des deutschen Mittelalters</i></span>)</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Repertorium+%22Historical+Sources+of+the+German+Middle+Ages%22+%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22German-language+text%22%3E%3Ci+lang%3D%22de%22%3EGeschichtsquellen+des+deutschen+Mittelalters%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+German-language+text%29&rft.atitle=Carolus+IV&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geschichtsquellen.de%2FrepPers_118560085.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+IV%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/10140593/Karol_IV_Luksemburski_jako_idea%C5%82_w%C5%82adcy_w_Catalogus_abbatum_Saganensium_Ludolfa_z_%C5%BBagania_w_Historie_Ot%C3%A1zky_Probl%C3%A9my_7_2015_z._1_s._76-89._Charles_IV._of_Luxembourg-an_ideal_of_ruler_in_Catalogus_abbatum_Saganensium_by_Ludolf_of_%C5%BBaga%C5%84_">Aleksandra Filipek-Misiak, Karol IV Luksemburski jako ideał władcy w Catalogus abbatum Saganensium Ludolfa z Żagania, In: Historie – Otázky – Problémy, 7 (2015), z. 1, pp. 76–89</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openn.library.upenn.edu/Data/0023/html/lewis_e_064.html">Lewis E 64 Golden Bull of Charles IV at OPenn</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor </div><div><b> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Luxembourg" title="House of Luxembourg">House of Luxembourg</a> </b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 14 May 1316 </span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 29 November 1378 </span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_of_Bohemia" title="John of Bohemia">John</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Luxembourg">Count of Luxembourg</a> </b><br />1346–1353 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_I,_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg">Wenceslaus I</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Bohemia">King of Bohemia</a> </b><br />1346–1378 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus,_King_of_the_Romans" class="mw-redirect" title="Wenceslaus, King of the Romans">Wenceslaus IV & I</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" title="King of the Romans">King of the Romans</a> </b><br />1346–1378<br /><small>(until 1347 <a href="/wiki/Anti-king" title="Anti-king">in opposition</a> to <a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV</a>)<br />(in 1349 opposed by <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_von_Schwarzburg" title="Günther von Schwarzburg">Günther von Schwarzburg</a>)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> </b><br />1355–1378 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Count-kings" title="Count-kings">Interregnum</a></div><div style="font-size:90%">Title next held 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cr%C3%A9cy" title="Battle of Crécy">Battle of Crécy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1346_Imperial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1346 Imperial election">1346 Imperial election</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span style="position: relative; top: 3px;"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_IV-John_Ocko_votive_picture-fragment.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Charles IV"><img alt="Charles IV" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Charles_IV-John_Ocko_votive_picture-fragment.jpg/80px-Charles_IV-John_Ocko_votive_picture-fragment.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Charles_IV-John_Ocko_votive_picture-fragment.jpg/120px-Charles_IV-John_Ocko_votive_picture-fragment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Charles_IV-John_Ocko_votive_picture-fragment.jpg/160px-Charles_IV-John_Ocko_votive_picture-fragment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="3043" /></a><figcaption>Charles IV</figcaption></figure></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Monarch</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Eltville" title="Siege of Eltville">Siege of Eltville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_University" title="Charles University">Charles University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1349_Imperial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="June 1349 Imperial election">June 1349 Imperial election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Bull_of_1356" title="Golden Bull of 1356">Golden Bull of 1356</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_of_Metz_(1356/57)" title="Diet of Metz (1356/57)">Diet of Metz (1356/57)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frauenkirche,_Nuremberg" title="Frauenkirche, Nuremberg">Frauenkirche, Nuremberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1376_imperial_election" title="1376 imperial election">1376 imperial election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Parenty: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Bohemia" title="John of Bohemia">John of Bohemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Bohemia_(1292%E2%80%931330)" title="Elizabeth of Bohemia (1292–1330)">Elizabeth of Bohemia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Spouses: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_of_Valois" title="Blanche of Valois">Blanche of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Bavaria" title="Anne of Bavaria">Anne of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_von_Schweidnitz" title="Anna von Schweidnitz">Anna von Schweidnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Pomerania" title="Elizabeth of Pomerania">Elizabeth of Pomerania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Children: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Bohemia" title="Catherine of Bohemia">Catherine of Bohemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Bohemia_(1358%E2%80%931373)" title="Elisabeth of Bohemia (1358–1373)">Elisabeth of Bohemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_IV_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia">Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Bohemia" title="Anne of Bohemia">Anne of Bohemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_G%C3%B6rlitz" title="John of Görlitz">John of Görlitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Bohemia,_Burgravine_of_Nuremberg" title="Margaret of Bohemia, Burgravine of Nuremberg">Margaret of Bohemia, Burgravine of Nuremberg</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Castles and Towns founded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montecarlo,_Tuscany" title="Montecarlo, Tuscany">Montecarlo, Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl%C5%A1tejn" title="Karlštejn">Karlštejn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%C5%A1perk_Castle" title="Kašperk Castle">Kašperk Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauf_Castle" title="Lauf Castle">Lauf Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radyn%C4%9B_Castle" title="Radyně Castle">Radyně Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepenec_Castle" title="Tepenec Castle">Tepenec Castle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy and Memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bridge" title="Charles Bridge">Charles Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Square" title="Charles Square">Charles Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_University" title="Charles University">Charles University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlovy_Vary" title="Karlovy Vary">Karlovy Vary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl%C5%A1tejn" title="Karlštejn">Karlštejn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Charles_IV,_K%C5%99i%C5%BEovnick%C3%A9_Square" title="Statue of Charles IV, Křižovnické Square">Statue of Charles IV, Křižovnické Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Vote_for_the_King_of_the_Romans" title="A Vote for the King of the Romans">A Vote for the King of the Romans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Night_at_Karlstein" title="A Night at Karlstein">A Night at Karlstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slasti_Otce_vlasti" title="Slasti Otce vlasti">Slasti Otce vlasti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pater_Patriae" title="Pater Patriae">Pater Patriae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Holy Roman Emperors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Holy_Roman_emperors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman emperors</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_I" title="Lothair I">Lothair I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Italy" title="Louis II of Italy">Louis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_III_of_Spoleto" title="Guy III of Spoleto">Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambert_of_Italy" title="Lambert of Italy">Lambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Carinthia" title="Arnulf of Carinthia">Arnulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Blind" title="Louis the Blind">Louis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berengar_I_of_Italy" title="Berengar I of Italy">Berengar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_the_Great" title="Otto the Great">Otto I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor">Conrad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor">Lothair III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Frederick I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Holy_Roman_Emperors" title="Category:Holy Roman Emperors">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Bohemia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Bohemia" title="Template:Monarchs of Bohemia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_Bohemia" title="Template talk:Monarchs of Bohemia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_Bohemia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of Bohemia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Bohemia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bohemian_monarchs" title="List of Bohemian monarchs">Monarchs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Bohemia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/P%C5%99emyslid_dynasty" title="Přemyslid dynasty">Přemyslid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">Legendary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lech,_Czech,_and_Rus%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Lech, Czech, and Rus'">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Krok" title="Duke Krok">Krok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libu%C5%A1e" title="Libuše">Libuše</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C5%99emysl_the_Ploughman" title="Přemysl the Ploughman">Přemysl the Ploughman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valasca" title="Valasca">Valasca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nezamysl" title="Nezamysl">Nezamysl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnata" title="Mnata">Mnata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojen" title="Vojen">Vojen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vnislav" title="Vnislav">Vnislav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%99esomysl" title="Křesomysl">Křesomysl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neklan" title="Neklan">Neklan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostiv%C3%ADt" title="Hostivít">Hostivít</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 870–1198 (Dukes)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%99ivoj_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Bořivoj I, Duke of Bohemia">Bořivoj I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spytihn%C4%9Bv_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Spytihněv I, Duke of Bohemia">Spytihněv I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vratislaus_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Vratislaus I, Duke of Bohemia">Vratislaus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia">Saint Wenceslaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boleslaus_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Boleslaus I, Duke of Bohemia">Boleslaus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boleslaus_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Boleslaus II, Duke of Bohemia">Boleslaus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boleslaus_III,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Boleslaus III, Duke of Bohemia">Boleslaus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladivoj,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Vladivoj, Duke of Bohemia">Vladivoj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_I_the_Brave" title="Bolesław I the Brave">Boleslaus the Brave</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarom%C3%ADr,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Jaromír, Duke of Bohemia">Jaromír</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old%C5%99ich,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Oldřich, Duke of Bohemia">Oldřich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretislav_I" title="Bretislav I">Bretislaus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spytihn%C4%9Bv_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Spytihněv II, Duke of Bohemia">Spytihněv II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vratislaus_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vratislaus II, Duke of Bohemia">Vratislaus II</a> (I)<sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Conrad I, Duke of Bohemia">Conrad I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretislav_II" title="Bretislav II">Bretislaus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%99ivoj_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Bořivoj II, Duke of Bohemia">Bořivoj II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svatopluk,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Svatopluk, Duke of Bohemia">Svatopluk the Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladislaus_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Vladislaus I, Duke of Bohemia">Vladislaus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sob%C4%9Bslav_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Soběslav I, Duke of Bohemia">Sobeslaus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladislaus_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladislaus II, Duke of Bohemia">Vladislaus II</a> (I)<sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Frederick, Duke of Bohemia">Frederick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sob%C4%9Bslav_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Soběslav II, Duke of Bohemia">Sobeslaus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Frederick, Duke of Bohemia">Frederick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia">Conrad II Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus II, Duke of Bohemia">Wenceslaus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottokar_I_of_Bohemia" title="Ottokar I of Bohemia">Ottokar I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretislaus_III,_Duke_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bretislaus III, Duke of Bohemia">Henry Bretislaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladislaus_III,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Vladislaus III, Duke of Bohemia">Vladislaus III Henry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1198–1306 (Kings)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottokar_I_of_Bohemia" title="Ottokar I of Bohemia">Ottokar I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_I_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus I of Bohemia">Wenceslaus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottokar_II_of_Bohemia" title="Ottokar II of Bohemia">Ottokar II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_II_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus II of Bohemia">Wenceslaus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_III_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus III of Bohemia">Wenceslaus III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Znak_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Bohemia"><img alt="Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Bohemia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Znak_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD.png/100px-Znak_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Znak_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD.png/150px-Znak_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Znak_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD.png/200px-Znak_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD.png 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="526" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-dynastic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1306–1310" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1306–1310</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Bohemia" title="Henry of Bohemia">Henry the Carinthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Bohemia" title="Rudolf I of Bohemia">Rudolph I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Luxembourg" title="House of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1310–1437" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1310–1437</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Bohemia" title="John of Bohemia">John the Blind</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles IV</a> (I)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_IV_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia">Wenceslaus IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Habsburg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1437–1457" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1437–1457</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_II_of_Germany" title="Albert II of Germany">Albert</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#999">Interregnum</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_the_Posthumous" title="Ladislaus the Posthumous">Ladislaus the Posthumous</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-dynastic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1457–1471" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1457–1471</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_of_Pod%C4%9Bbrady" title="George of Poděbrady">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Corvinus" title="Matthias Corvinus">Matthias I</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_dynasty" title="Jagiellonian dynasty">Jagiellonian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1471–1526" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1471–1526</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladislaus_II_of_Hungary" title="Vladislaus II of Hungary">Vladislaus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Hungary" title="Louis II of Hungary">Louis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Habsburg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1526–1780" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1526–1780</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_V,_Elector_Palatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick V, Elector Palatine">Frederick</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles Albert</a> (II)<sup><small>3,</small></sup> <sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Maria Theresa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lorraine" title="House of Lorraine">Habsburg-Lorraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1780–1918" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1780–1918</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis II</a> (I)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Ferdinand V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Francis Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Austria" title="Charles I of Austria">Charles I</a> (III)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>1</small></sup></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_monarchs" title="List of Polish monarchs">Duke of Poland</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Piast_dynasty" title="Piast dynasty">Piast dynasty</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>2</small></sup></span> During his reign obtained non-hereditary royal title</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>3</small></sup></span> Antiking</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>4</small></sup></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Electoral_Palatinate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of the Electoral Palatinate">Elector Palatine</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Wittelsbach_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Wittelsbach dynasty">Wittelsbach dynasty</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>5</small></sup></span> <a href="/wiki/Prince-elector" title="Prince-elector">Prince-elector</a> of <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Bavaria" title="Electorate of Bavaria">Bavaria</a> from the Wittelsbach dynasty</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Germany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Germany" title="Template:Monarchs of Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_Germany" title="Template talk:Monarchs of Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_monarchs" title="List of German monarchs">Monarchs of Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a> during the<br /> <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingian dynasty</a> (843–911)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_German" title="Louis the German">Louis the German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_of_Bavaria" title="Carloman of Bavaria">Carloman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Younger" title="Louis the Younger">Louis the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles the Fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Carinthia" title="Arnulf of Carinthia">Arnulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Child" title="Louis the Child">Louis the Child</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a> (911–919)<br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany" title="Kingdom of Germany">Kingdom of Germany</a> (919–962)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_I_of_Germany" title="Conrad I of Germany">Conrad I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Fowler" title="Henry the Fowler">Henry I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arnulf,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria">Arnulf</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_the_Great" title="Otto the Great">Otto I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany" title="Kingdom of Germany">Kingdom of Germany</a> within the<br /> <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> (962–1806)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_the_Great" title="Otto the Great">Otto I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor">Conrad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_of_Rheinfelden" title="Rudolf of Rheinfelden">Rudolf</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hermann_of_Salm" title="Hermann of Salm">Hermann</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II_of_Italy" title="Conrad II of Italy">Conrad (III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor">Lothair II/III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Germany" title="Conrad III of Germany">Conrad III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Berengar" title="Henry Berengar">Henry (VI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Frederick I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Swabia" title="Philip of Swabia">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_(VII)_of_Germany" title="Henry (VII) of Germany">Henry (VII)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_IV_of_Germany" title="Conrad IV of Germany">Conrad IV</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_Raspe" title="Henry Raspe">Henry (VIII)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_II_of_Holland" title="William II of Holland">William</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Cornwall" title="Richard of Cornwall">Richard</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile" title="Alfonso X of Castile">Alfonso</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Germany" title="Rudolf I of Germany">Rudolf I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Adolf, King of the Romans">Adolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_I_of_Germany" title="Albert I of Germany">Albert I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Fair" title="Frederick the Fair">Frederick (III)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles IV</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_von_Schwarzburg" title="Günther von Schwarzburg">Günther</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_IV_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia">Wenceslaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Rupert, King of the Romans">Rupert</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jobst_of_Moravia" title="Jobst of Moravia">Jobst</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_II_of_Germany" title="Albert II of Germany">Albert II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolf II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans">Ferdinand IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Rhine" title="Confederation of the Rhine">Confederation of the Rhine</a> (1806–1813)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a> (1815–1848)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Ferdinand I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire_(1848%E2%80%931849)" title="German Empire (1848–1849)">German Empire</a> (1848/1849)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_John_of_Austria" title="Archduke John of Austria">Archduke John of Austria</a> <small>(Imperial Regent)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a> (1850–1866)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Franz Joseph I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_German_Confederation" title="North German Confederation">North German Confederation</a> (1867–1871)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_I,_German_Emperor" title="William I, German Emperor">William I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> (1871–1918)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_I,_German_Emperor" title="William I, German Emperor">William I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_German_Emperor" title="Frederick III, German Emperor">Frederick III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II" title="Wilhelm II">William II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kings_of_Italy_between_476_and_1556" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Antique_Kings_of_Italy" title="Template:Antique Kings of Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Antique_Kings_of_Italy" title="Template talk:Antique Kings of Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Antique_Kings_of_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Antique Kings of Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kings_of_Italy_between_476_and_1556" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy" title="King of Italy">Kings of Italy</a> between 476 and 1556</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-dynastic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odoacer" title="Odoacer">Odoacer <span style="font-size:85%;">(476–493)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg/100px-Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg/150px-Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg/200px-Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="810" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ostrogothic_Kingdom" title="Ostrogothic Kingdom">Ostrogoths</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodoric_the_Great" title="Theodoric the Great">Theodoric <span style="font-size:85%;">(493–526)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athalaric" title="Athalaric">Athalaric <span style="font-size:85%;">(526–534)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodahad" title="Theodahad">Theodahad <span style="font-size:85%;">(534–536)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitiges" title="Vitiges">Vitiges <span style="font-size:85%;">(536–540)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ildibad" title="Ildibad">Ildibad <span style="font-size:85%;">(540–541)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eraric" title="Eraric">Eraric <span style="font-size:85%;">(541)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totila" title="Totila">Totila <span style="font-size:85%;">(541–552)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teia" title="Teia">Teia <span style="font-size:85%;">(552–553)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Lombards" title="Kingdom of the Lombards">Lombards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alboin" title="Alboin">Alboin <span style="font-size:85%;">(568–572)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleph" title="Cleph">Cleph <span style="font-size:85%;">(572–574)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_the_Dukes" title="Rule of the Dukes"><i>Interregnum</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(574–584)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authari" title="Authari">Authari <span style="font-size:85%;">(584–590)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agilulf" title="Agilulf">Agilulf <span style="font-size:85%;">(590–616)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaloald" title="Adaloald">Adaloald <span style="font-size:85%;">(616–626)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arioald" title="Arioald">Arioald <span style="font-size:85%;">(626–636)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothari" title="Rothari">Rothari <span style="font-size:85%;">(636-652)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodoald" title="Rodoald">Rodoald <span style="font-size:85%;">(652–653)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aripert_I" title="Aripert I">Aripert I <span style="font-size:85%;">(653–661)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godepert" title="Godepert">Godepert <span style="font-size:85%;">(661–662)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perctarit" title="Perctarit">Perctarit <span style="font-size:85%;">(661–662)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimoald,_King_of_the_Lombards" title="Grimoald, King of the Lombards">Grimoald <span style="font-size:85%;">(662–671)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garibald" title="Garibald">Garibald <span style="font-size:85%;">(671)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perctarit" title="Perctarit">Perctarit <span style="font-size:85%;">(671–688)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunipert" title="Cunipert">Cunipert <span style="font-size:85%;">(688–689)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alahis" title="Alahis">Alahis <span style="font-size:85%;">(689)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunipert" title="Cunipert">Cunipert <span style="font-size:85%;">(689–700)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liutpert" title="Liutpert">Liutpert <span style="font-size:85%;">(700–702)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raginpert" title="Raginpert">Raginpert <span style="font-size:85%;">(701)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aripert_II" title="Aripert II">Aripert II <span style="font-size:85%;">(702–712)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansprand" title="Ansprand">Ansprand <span style="font-size:85%;">(712)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liutprand,_King_of_the_Lombards" title="Liutprand, King of the Lombards">Liutprand <span style="font-size:85%;">(712–744)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildeprand" title="Hildeprand">Hildeprand <span style="font-size:85%;">(744)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratchis" title="Ratchis">Ratchis <span style="font-size:85%;">(744–749)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aistulf" title="Aistulf">Aistulf <span style="font-size:85%;">(749–756)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desiderius" title="Desiderius">Desiderius <span style="font-size:85%;">(756–774)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne <span style="font-size:85%;">(774–814)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepin_of_Italy" title="Pepin of Italy">Pepin <span style="font-size:85%;">(781–810)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Italy" title="Bernard of Italy">Bernard <span style="font-size:85%;">(810–818)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_I" title="Lothair I">Lothair I <span style="font-size:85%;">(818–855)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Italy" title="Louis II of Italy">Louis I <span style="font-size:85%;">(855–875)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles II <span style="font-size:85%;">(875–877)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_of_Bavaria" title="Carloman of Bavaria">Carloman <span style="font-size:85%;">(877–879)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles III <span style="font-size:85%;">(879–887)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Carinthia" title="Arnulf of Carinthia">Arnulf <span style="font-size:85%;">(896–899)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratold_of_Italy" title="Ratold of Italy">Ratold <span style="font-size:85%;">(896)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-dynastic<br />(title disputed 887–933)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Unruochings" title="Unruochings">Unruochings</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Berengar_I_of_Italy" title="Berengar I of Italy">Berengar I <span style="font-size:85%;">(887–924)</span></a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Widonids" title="Widonids">Guideschi</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Guy_III_of_Spoleto" title="Guy III of Spoleto">Guy <span style="font-size:85%;">(889–894)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambert_of_Italy" title="Lambert of Italy">Lambert <span style="font-size:85%;">(891–897)</span></a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Elder_House_of_Welf" title="Elder House of Welf">Welfs</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_II_of_Burgundy" title="Rudolph II of Burgundy">Rudolph <span style="font-size:85%;">(922–933)</span></a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bosonids" title="Bosonids">Bosonids</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Blind" title="Louis the Blind">Louis II <span style="font-size:85%;">(900–905)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Italy" title="Hugh of Italy">Hugh <span style="font-size:85%;">(926–947)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_II_of_Italy" title="Lothair II of Italy">Lothair II <span style="font-size:85%;">(945–950)</span></a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Anscarids" title="Anscarids">Anscarids</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Berengar_II_of_Italy" title="Berengar II of Italy">Berengar II <span style="font-size:85%;">(950–963)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adalbert_of_Italy" title="Adalbert of Italy">Adalbert <span style="font-size:85%;">(950–963)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">Kingdom of Italy</a> within <br /> the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a><br /> (962–1556)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_the_Great" title="Otto the Great">Otto I <span style="font-size:85%;">(962–973)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto II <span style="font-size:85%;">(980–983)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto III <span style="font-size:85%;">(996–1002)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arduin_of_Ivrea" title="Arduin of Ivrea">Arduin I <span style="font-size:85%;">(1002–1014)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry II <span style="font-size:85%;">(1004–1024)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor">Conrad II <span style="font-size:85%;">(1026–1039)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III <span style="font-size:85%;">(1039–1056)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV <span style="font-size:85%;">(1056–1105)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II_of_Italy" title="Conrad II of Italy">Conrad II <span style="font-size:85%;">(1093–1101)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry V <span style="font-size:85%;">(1106–1125)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor">Lothair III (or II) <span style="font-size:85%;">(1125–1137)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Germany" title="Conrad III of Germany">Conrad III <span style="font-size:85%;">(1138–1152)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Frederick I <span style="font-size:85%;">(1154–1186)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI <span style="font-size:85%;">(1186–1197)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto IV <span style="font-size:85%;">(1209–1212)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II <span style="font-size:85%;">(1212–1250)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VII <span style="font-size:85%;">(1311–1313)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV <span style="font-size:85%;">(1327–1347)</span></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles IV <span style="font-size:85%;">(1355–1378)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund <span style="font-size:85%;">(1431–1437)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick III <span style="font-size:85%;">(1452–1493)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V <span style="font-size:85%;">(1530–1556)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Luxembourg" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Luxembourg" title="Template:Monarchs of Luxembourg"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_Luxembourg" title="Template talk:Monarchs of Luxembourg"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_Luxembourg" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of Luxembourg"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Luxembourg" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Luxembourg" title="List of monarchs of Luxembourg">Monarchs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="County_of_Luxemburg_(963–1354)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County_of_Luxemburg" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Luxemburg">County of Luxemburg</a> (963–1354)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Luxembourg" title="House of Luxembourg">Elder House of Luxembourg</a> <br />(963–1136)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sigfried,_Count_of_the_Ardennes" title="Sigfried, Count of the Ardennes">Siegfried</a> <small>(963–998)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Henry V, Duke of Bavaria">Henry I</a> <small>(998–1026)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Henry VII, Duke of Bavaria">Henry II</a> <small>(1026–1047)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giselbert_of_Luxembourg" title="Giselbert of Luxembourg">Giselbert</a> <small>(1047–1059)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_I,_Count_of_Luxembourg" title="Conrad I, Count of Luxembourg">Conrad I</a> <small>(1059–1086)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Count_of_Luxembourg" title="Henry III, Count of Luxembourg">Henry III</a> <small>(1086–1096)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William,_Count_of_Luxembourg" title="William, Count of Luxembourg">William I</a> <small>(1096–1131)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Count_of_Luxembourg" title="Conrad II, Count of Luxembourg">Conrad II</a> <small>(1131–1136)</small></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Count_of_Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Arms_of_the_Count_of_Luxembourg.svg/80px-Arms_of_the_Count_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Arms_of_the_Count_of_Luxembourg.svg/120px-Arms_of_the_Count_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Arms_of_the_Count_of_Luxembourg.svg/160px-Arms_of_the_Count_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="308" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Luxembourg" title="House of Luxembourg">House of Namur</a> <br />(1136–1189)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Count_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry IV, Count of Luxembourg">Henry IV</a> <small>(1136–1189)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Hohenstaufen" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Hohenstaufen">House of Hohenstaufen</a> <br />(1196–1197)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_I,_Count_of_Burgundy" title="Otto I, Count of Burgundy">Otto</a> <small>(1196–1197)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Luxembourg" title="House of Luxembourg">House of Namur</a> <br />(1197–1247)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ermesinde,_Countess_of_Luxembourg" title="Ermesinde, Countess of Luxembourg">Ermesinde</a> <small>(1197–1247), <i>with</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_I,_Count_of_Bar" title="Theobald I, Count of Bar">Theobald</a> <small>(1197–1214), <i>and then</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waleran_III,_Duke_of_Limburg" title="Waleran III, Duke of Limburg">Waleran</a> <small>(1214–1226)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Luxembourg" title="House of Luxembourg">House of Limburg</a> <br />(1247–1354)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Count_of_Luxembourg" title="Henry V, Count of Luxembourg">Henry V</a> <small>(1247–1281)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Count_of_Luxembourg" title="Henry VI, Count of Luxembourg">Henry VI</a> <small>(1281–1288)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VII</a> <small>(1288–1313)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Bohemia" title="John of Bohemia">John I</a> <small>(1313–1346)</small></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles I</a> <small>(1346–1353)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_I,_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg">Wenceslaus I</a> <small>(1353–1354)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Duchy_of_Luxemburg_(1354–1794)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Luxemburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Luxemburg">Duchy of Luxemburg</a> (1354–1794)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Luxembourg" title="House of Luxembourg">House of Limburg</a> <br />(1354–1443)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_I,_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg">Wenceslaus I</a> <small>(1354–1383)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_IV_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia">Wenceslaus II</a> <small>(1383–1388)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jobst_of_Moravia" title="Jobst of Moravia">Jobst</a> <small>(1388–1411)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_G%C3%B6rlitz" title="Elizabeth of Görlitz">Elisabeth</a> <small>(1411–1443) <i>with</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony,_Duke_of_Brabant" title="Anthony, Duke of Brabant">Anthony</a> <small>(1411–1415), <i>and then</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_III,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="John III, Duke of Bavaria">John II</a> <small>(1418–1425)</small></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg/80px-Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg/120px-Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg/160px-Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="157" data-file-height="195" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois-Burgundy" title="House of Valois-Burgundy">House of Valois-Burgundy</a> <br />(1443–1482)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Good" title="Philip the Good">Philip I</a> <small>(1443–1467)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bold" title="Charles the Bold">Charles II</a> <small>(1467–1477)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Burgundy" title="Mary of Burgundy">Mary I</a> <small>(1477–1482)</small> and</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I</a> <small>(1477–1482)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a><br /> (1482–1700)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip I of Castile">Philip II</a> <small>(1482–1506)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles III</a> <small>(1506–1556)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip III</a> <small>(1556–1598)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_Clara_Eugenia" title="Isabella Clara Eugenia">Isabella Clara Eugenia</a> <small>(1598–1621)</small> and <a href="/wiki/Albert_VII,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Albert VII, Archduke of Austria">Albert</a> <small>(1598–1621)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip IV</a> <small>(1621–1665)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Spain" title="Charles II of Spain">Charles IV</a> <small>(1665–1700)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a> <br />(1700–1712)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V</a> <small>(1700–1712)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Wittelsbach" title="House of Wittelsbach">House of Wittelsbach</a><br /> (1712–1713)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II_Emanuel,_Elector_of_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria">Maximilian II</a> <small>(1712–1713)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a> <br />(1713–1780)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a> <small>(1713–1740)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Mary II</a> <small>(1740–1780)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lorraine" title="House of Lorraine">House of Habsburg-Lorraine</a> <br />(1780–1794)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph</a> <small>(1780–1790)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold</a> <small>(1790–1792)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis</a> <small>(1792–1794)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Grand_Duchy_of_Luxembourg_(since_1815)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchy of Luxembourg">Grand Duchy of Luxembourg</a> (since 1815)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Orange-Nassau" title="House of Orange-Nassau">House of Orange-Nassau</a><br /> (1815–1890)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_I_of_the_Netherlands" title="William I of the Netherlands">William I</a> (1815–1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_II_of_the_Netherlands" title="William II of the Netherlands">William II</a> (1840–1849)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_III_of_the_Netherlands" title="William III of the Netherlands">William III</a> (1849–1890)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Middle-Coat-of-Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Middle-Coat-of-Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg/100px-Middle-Coat-of-Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Middle-Coat-of-Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg/150px-Middle-Coat-of-Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Middle-Coat-of-Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg/200px-Middle-Coat-of-Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="337" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Nassau-Weilburg" title="House of Nassau-Weilburg">House of Nassau-Weilburg</a> <br />(1890–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Adolphe</a> (1890–1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_IV,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">William IV</a> (1905–1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde,_Grand_Duchess_of_Luxembourg" title="Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg">Marie-Adélaïde</a> (1912–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_Grand_Duchess_of_Luxembourg" title="Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg">Charlotte</a> (1919–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Jean</a> (1964–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Henri</a> (since 2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155669#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155669#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155669#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122827496">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/88599000">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/56943/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtMkCvYdtwH4WWbkmBVmd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118560085">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80081765">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119304206">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119304206">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an61539423">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jk01053000&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1226879">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068347693">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90407568">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000144737&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000237529&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=153423">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/ljx0vkq450kl1dt">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810662109405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/53125">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007301688005171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058508876406706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14395811">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA07203877?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500227537">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1842285">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118560085.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118560085">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/059092459">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/029206">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w66697v8">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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