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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emperor's_son" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emperor's_son"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Emperor's son</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emperor's_son-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imperial_coronation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imperial_coronation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Imperial coronation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imperial_coronation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capture_of_Richard_the_Lionheart" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capture_of_Richard_the_Lionheart"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Capture of Richard the Lionheart</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capture_of_Richard_the_Lionheart-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Henry_VI's_conquest_of_Sicily" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Henry_VI's_conquest_of_Sicily"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Henry VI's conquest of Sicily</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Henry_VI's_conquest_of_Sicily-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Universal_ruler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universal_ruler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Universal ruler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universal_ruler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hereditary_monarchy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hereditary_monarchy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Hereditary monarchy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hereditary_monarchy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_VI._(HRR)" title="Heinrich VI. (HRR) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Heinrich VI. (HRR)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B3_(%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3)" title="هنري السادس (إمبراطور روماني مقدس) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هنري السادس (إمبراطور روماني مقدس)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_6-s%C3%A8" title="Heinrich 6-sè – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Heinrich 6-sè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85_VI_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Генрых VI Гогенштаўфен – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Генрых VI Гогенштаўфен" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_VI_(%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Хайнрих VI (Свещена Римска империя) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хайнрих VI (Свещена Римска империя)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_VI,_car_Svetog_Rimskog_Carstva" title="Henrik VI, car Svetog Rimskog Carstva – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Henrik VI, car Svetog Rimskog Carstva" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herri_VI_an_Impalaeriezh_Santel" title="Herri VI an Impalaeriezh Santel – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Herri VI an Impalaeriezh Santel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enric_VI_del_Sacre_Imperi_Romanogerm%C3%A0nic" title="Enric VI del Sacre Imperi Romanogermànic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Enric VI del Sacre Imperi Romanogermànic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jind%C5%99ich_VI._%C5%A0taufsk%C3%BD" title="Jindřich VI. Štaufský – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jindřich VI. Štaufský" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_6._(Tysk-romerske_rige)" title="Henrik 6. (Tysk-romerske rige) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Henrik 6. (Tysk-romerske rige)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_VI._(HRR)" title="Heinrich VI. (HRR) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Heinrich VI. (HRR)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_VI_(Saksa-Rooma_keiser)" title="Heinrich VI (Saksa-Rooma keiser) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Heinrich VI (Saksa-Rooma keiser)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%81%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%A3%CE%A4%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%A1%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ερρίκος ΣΤ΄ της Αγίας Ρωμαϊκής Αυτοκρατορίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ερρίκος ΣΤ΄ της Αγίας Ρωμαϊκής Αυτοκρατορίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_VI_del_Sacro_Imperio_Romano_Germ%C3%A1nico" title="Enrique VI del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Enrique VI del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henriko_la_6-a_(Sankta_Romia_Imperio)" title="Henriko la 6-a (Sankta Romia Imperio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Henriko la 6-a (Sankta Romia Imperio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrike_VI.a_Germaniako_Erromatar_Inperio_Santukoa" title="Henrike VI.a Germaniako Erromatar Inperio Santukoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Henrike VI.a Germaniako Erromatar Inperio Santukoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%B4%D8%B4%D9%85" title="هاینریش ششم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هاینریش ششم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_VI_(empereur_du_Saint-Empire)" title="Henri VI (empereur du Saint-Empire) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Henri VI (empereur du Saint-Empire)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_VI,_emperador_do_Sacro_Imperio_Romano_Xerm%C3%A1nico" title="Henrique VI, emperador do Sacro Imperio Romano Xermánico – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Henrique VI, emperador do Sacro Imperio Romano Xermánico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B8%EB%A6%AC%ED%9E%88_6%EC%84%B8" title="하인리히 6세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하인리히 6세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_VI.,_car_Svetog_Rimskog_Carstva" title="Henrik VI., car Svetog Rimskog Carstva – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Henrik VI., car Svetog Rimskog Carstva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_VI,_Kaisar_Romawi_Suci" title="Heinrich VI, Kaisar Romawi Suci – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Heinrich VI, Kaisar Romawi Suci" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrico_VI_di_Svevia" title="Enrico VI di Svevia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Enrico VI di Svevia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9A_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99,_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%94" title="היינריך השישי, קיסר האימפריה הרומית הקדושה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="היינריך השישי, קיסר האימפריה הרומית הקדושה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE_VI_(%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98)" title="ჰაინრიხ VI (სრი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰაინრიხ VI (სრი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henricus_VI_(imperator)" title="Henricus VI (imperator) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Henricus VI (imperator)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrihs_VI" title="Heinrihs VI – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Heinrihs VI" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperatorius_Henrikas_VI" title="Imperatorius Henrikas VI – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Imperatorius Henrikas VI" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/VI._Henrik_n%C3%A9met-r%C3%B3mai_cs%C3%A1sz%C3%A1r" title="VI. Henrik német-római császár – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="VI. Henrik német-római császár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F)" title="हेन्री सहावा (पवित्र रोमन सम्राट) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हेन्री सहावा (पवित्र रोमन सम्राट)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="هنرى السادس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هنرى السادس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keizer_Hendrik_VI" title="Keizer Hendrik VI – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Keizer Hendrik VI" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%926%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D)" title="ハインリヒ6世 (神聖ローマ皇帝) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハインリヒ6世 (神聖ローマ皇帝)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_VI_av_Det_tysk-romerske_rike" title="Henrik VI av Det tysk-romerske rike – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Henrik VI av Det tysk-romerske rike" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henryk_VI_Hohenstauf" title="Henryk VI Hohenstauf – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Henryk VI Hohenstauf" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_VI_do_Sacro_Imp%C3%A9rio_Romano-Germ%C3%A2nico" title="Henrique VI do Sacro Império Romano-Germânico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Henrique VI do Sacro Império Romano-Germânico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henric_al_VI-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Henric al VI-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Henric al VI-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_VI_(%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8)" title="Генрих VI (император Священной Римской империи) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Генрих VI (император Священной Римской империи)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arricu_VI,_Sacru_Rumanu_Mperu" title="Arricu VI, Sacru Rumanu Mperu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Arricu VI, Sacru Rumanu Mperu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_VI._Hohenstaufen" title="Henrik VI. Hohenstaufen – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Henrik VI. Hohenstaufen" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_VI,_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Хајнрих VI, цар Светог римског царства – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хајнрих VI, цар Светог римског царства" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_VI.,_car_Svetog_Rimskog_Carstva" title="Henrik VI., car Svetog Rimskog Carstva – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Henrik VI., car Svetog Rimskog Carstva" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_VI_(Saksa)" title="Henrik VI (Saksa) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Henrik VI (Saksa)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_VI_(tysk-romersk_kejsare)" title="Henrik VI (tysk-romersk kejsare) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Henrik VI (tysk-romersk kejsare)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_VI,_Banal_na_Emperador_Romano" title="Enrique VI, Banal na Emperador Romano – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Enrique VI, Banal na Emperador Romano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_6_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8C" title="จักรพรรดิไฮน์ริชที่ 6 แห่งจักรวรรดิโรมันอันศักดิ์สิทธิ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรพรรดิไฮน์ริชที่ 6 แห่งจักรวรรดิโรมันอันศักดิ์สิทธิ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/VI._Heinrich_(Kutsal_Roma_imparatoru)" title="VI. Heinrich (Kutsal Roma imparatoru) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="VI. Heinrich (Kutsal Roma imparatoru)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D1%96%D1%85_VI_(%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97)" title="Генріх VI (імператор Священної Римської імперії) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Генріх VI (імператор Священної Римської імперії)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_VI_c%E1%BB%A7a_Th%C3%A1nh_ch%E1%BA%BF_La_M%C3%A3" title="Heinrich VI của Thánh chế La Mã – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Heinrich VI của Thánh chế La Mã" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrik_VI_(HRR)" title="Hendrik VI (HRR) – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Hendrik VI (HRR)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96%EF%BC%88%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%EF%BC%89" title="亨利六世（神圣罗马帝国） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="亨利六世（神圣罗马帝国）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B)" title="亨利六世 (神聖羅馬帝國) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="亨利六世 (神聖羅馬帝國)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="亨利六世 (神圣罗马帝国) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="亨利六世 (神圣罗马帝国)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q150953#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Holy Roman Emperor from 1191 to 1197</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Henry VI</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor of the Romans</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:JindrichVIStauf_trun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/JindrichVIStauf_trun.jpg/220px-JindrichVIStauf_trun.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="474" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/JindrichVIStauf_trun.jpg/330px-JindrichVIStauf_trun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/JindrichVIStauf_trun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="358" data-file-height="772" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Contemporary portrait from the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Liber_ad_honorem_Augusti" title="Liber ad honorem Augusti">Liber ad honorem Augusti</a></i></span>, 1196</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">15 April 1191 – 28 September 1197</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">Coronation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">15 April 1191, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Frederick I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Otto_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto IV">Otto IV</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Germany">King of Germany</a> (<a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" title="King of the Romans">King of the Romans</a>)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">15 August 1169 – 28 September 1197</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coronation</th><td class="infobox-data">15 August 1169, <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data">Frederick I</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Swabia" title="Philip of Swabia">Philip</a> and Otto IV</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy" title="King of Italy">King of Italy</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">21 January 1186 – 28 September 1197</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coronation</th><td class="infobox-data">21 January 1186, <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data">Frederick I</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data">Otto IV</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Sicily">King of Sicily</a> <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal" class="noprint">(<i><a href="/wiki/Jure_uxoris" title="Jure uxoris">jure uxoris</a></i>) </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">25 December 1194 – 28 September 1197</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coronation</th><td class="infobox-data">25 December 1194, <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_III_of_Sicily" title="William III of Sicily">William III</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Constance_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Constance I">Constance I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Co-ruler</th><td class="infobox-data">Constance I</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">November 1165<br /><a href="/wiki/Nimwegen" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimwegen">Nimwegen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1197-09-28</span>)</span>28 September 1197 (aged 31)<br /><a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Palermo_Cathedral" title="Palermo Cathedral">Palermo Cathedral</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Constance_I_of_Sicily" title="Constance I of Sicily">Constance I of Sicily</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1186)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hohenstaufen" title="Hohenstaufen">Hohenstaufen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Frederick Barbarossa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_I,_Countess_of_Burgundy" title="Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy">Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Henry VI</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i>Heinrich VI.</i>; November 1165 – 28 September 1197), a member of the <a href="/wiki/Hohenstaufen" title="Hohenstaufen">Hohenstaufen</a> dynasty, was <a href="/wiki/King_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Germany">King of Germany</a> (<a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" title="King of the Romans">King of the Romans</a>) from 1169 and <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> from 1191 until his death. From 1194 he was also <a href="/wiki/King_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Sicily">King of Sicily</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Husband_and_co-ruler" class="mw-redirect" title="Husband and co-ruler">husband and co-ruler</a> of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Constance_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Constance I">Queen Constance I</a>. </p><p>Henry was the second son of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Frederick Barbarossa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_I,_Countess_of_Burgundy" title="Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy">Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy</a>. Well educated in the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> language, as well as <a href="/wiki/Roman_law" title="Roman law">Roman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">canon law</a>, Henry was also a patron of poets and a skilled poet himself. In 1186 he married Constance of Sicily. Henry, stuck in the Hohenstaufen conflict with the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Welf" title="House of Welf">House of Welf</a> until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count <a href="/wiki/Tancred_of_Lecce" class="mw-redirect" title="Tancred of Lecce">Tancred of Lecce</a>. Henry's attempt to conquer the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a> failed at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Naples_(1191)" title="Siege of Naples (1191)">siege of Naples in 1191</a> due to an epidemic, with Empress Constance captured. Based on an enormous ransom for the release and submission of <a href="/wiki/King_Richard_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="King Richard I of England">King Richard I of England</a>, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> ultimately failed due to the opposition of the <a href="/wiki/Papacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Papacy">Papacy</a>. In Sicily, Henry had a reputation for ruthless suppression of political opponents.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To this day, he is sometimes given the epithet "the Cruel" (<i>il crudele</i>) by Italian historiographers. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Henry threatened to invade the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a ransom, the <a href="/wiki/Alamanikon" title="Alamanikon">Alamanikon</a>, from Emperor <a href="/wiki/Alexios_III_Angelos" title="Alexios III Angelos">Alexios III Angelos</a> in return for cancelling the invasion. He made the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Kingdom of Cyprus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia</a> formal subjects of the empire and compelled <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tripolitania" title="Tripolitania">Tripolitania</a> to pay tribute to him. In 1195 and 1196, he attempted to turn the Holy Roman Empire from an elective to a hereditary monarchy, the so-called <i><a href="/wiki/Erbreichsplan" title="Erbreichsplan">Erbreichsplan</a></i>, but met strong resistance from the <a href="/wiki/Prince-elector" title="Prince-elector">prince-electors</a>. Henry pledged to go on <a href="/wiki/Crusade" class="mw-redirect" title="Crusade">crusade</a> in 1195 and began preparations. A revolt in Sicily was crushed in 1197. The Crusaders set sail for the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a> that same year but Henry died of malaria at <a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a> on 28 September 1197 before he could join them. His death plunged the Empire into the chaos of the <a href="/wiki/German_throne_dispute" title="German throne dispute">German throne dispute</a> for the next 17 years. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Henry was born in autumn 1165 at the <i>Valkhof</i> <a href="/wiki/Kaiserpfalz" title="Kaiserpfalz">pfalz</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nijmegen" title="Nijmegen">Nijmegen</a> to Emperor <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Frederick Barbarossa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_I,_Countess_of_Burgundy" title="Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy">Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy</a>. At the age of four his father had him <a href="/wiki/Prince-elector" title="Prince-elector">elected</a> <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" title="King of the Romans">King of the Romans</a> during a <i><a href="/wiki/Hoftag" title="Hoftag">Hoftag</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg">Bamberg</a> at <a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a> 1169. Henry was crowned on 15 August at <a href="/wiki/Aachen_Cathedral" title="Aachen Cathedral">Aachen Cathedral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Henry accompanied his father on his <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">Italian</a> campaign of 1174–76 against the <a href="/wiki/Lombard_League" title="Lombard League">Lombard League</a>, whereby he was educated by <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_of_Viterbo" title="Godfrey of Viterbo">Godfrey of Viterbo</a> and associated with <a href="/wiki/Minnesingers" class="mw-redirect" title="Minnesingers">minnesingers</a> like <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Hausen" title="Friedrich von Hausen">Friedrich von Hausen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bligger_von_Steinach" title="Bligger von Steinach">Bligger von Steinach</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bernger_von_Horheim" title="Bernger von Horheim">Bernger von Horheim</a>. Henry was fluent in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> and, according to the chronicler <a href="/wiki/Alberic_of_Trois-Fontaines" title="Alberic of Trois-Fontaines">Alberic of Trois-Fontaines</a>, was "distinguished by gifts of knowledge, wreathed in flowers of eloquence, and learned in canon and Roman law". He was a patron of poets and poetry, and he almost certainly composed the song <i>Kaiser Heinrich</i>, now among the <a href="/wiki/Weingarten_Abbey" title="Weingarten Abbey">Weingarten</a> Song Manuscripts. According to his rank and with <a href="/wiki/Reichsadler" title="Reichsadler">Imperial Eagle</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Reichsadler</i></span>), <a href="/wiki/Imperial_regalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial regalia">regalia</a>, and a scroll, he is the first and foremost to be portrayed in the famous <i><a href="/wiki/Codex_Manesse" title="Codex Manesse">Codex Manesse</a></i>, a 14th-century songbook manuscript featuring 140 reputed poets; at least three poems are attributed to a young and romantically minded Henry VI. In one of those he describes a romance that makes him forget all his earthly power, and neither riches nor royal dignity can outweigh his yearning for that lady (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">ê ich mich ir verzige, ich verzige mich ê der krône</i></span> – before I give her up, I'd rather give up the crown). </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Swabia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arms of the House of Hohenstaufen"><img alt="Arms of the House of Hohenstaufen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Arms_of_Swabia.svg/158px-Arms_of_Swabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="158" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Arms_of_Swabia.svg/236px-Arms_of_Swabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Arms_of_Swabia.svg/315px-Arms_of_Swabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="706" data-file-height="806" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Arms of the House of Hohenstaufen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_(Hohenstaufen).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arms of the House of Hohenstaufen as Holy Roman Emperor"><img alt="Arms of the House of Hohenstaufen as Holy Roman Emperor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Arms_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_%28Hohenstaufen%29.svg/152px-Arms_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_%28Hohenstaufen%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="152" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Arms_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_%28Hohenstaufen%29.svg/228px-Arms_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_%28Hohenstaufen%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Arms_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_%28Hohenstaufen%29.svg/305px-Arms_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_%28Hohenstaufen%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="904" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Arms of the House of Hohenstaufen as Holy Roman Emperor</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Attributed_Coat_and_Shield_of_Arms_of_Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor_(Codex_Manesse).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Attributed coat of arms of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor (Codex Manesse)"><img alt="Attributed coat of arms of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor (Codex Manesse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Attributed_Coat_and_Shield_of_Arms_of_Henry_VI%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_%28Codex_Manesse%29.svg/151px-Attributed_Coat_and_Shield_of_Arms_of_Henry_VI%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_%28Codex_Manesse%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="151" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Attributed_Coat_and_Shield_of_Arms_of_Henry_VI%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_%28Codex_Manesse%29.svg/226px-Attributed_Coat_and_Shield_of_Arms_of_Henry_VI%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_%28Codex_Manesse%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Attributed_Coat_and_Shield_of_Arms_of_Henry_VI%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_%28Codex_Manesse%29.svg/302px-Attributed_Coat_and_Shield_of_Arms_of_Henry_VI%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_%28Codex_Manesse%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="772" data-file-height="920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Attributed coat of arms of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor (<i><a href="/wiki/Codex_Manesse" title="Codex Manesse">Codex Manesse</a></i>)</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emperor's_son"><span id="Emperor.27s_son"></span>Emperor's son</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Emperor's son"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Having returned to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany" title="Kingdom of Germany">Germany</a> in 1178, Henry supported his father against insurgent duke <a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Lion" title="Henry the Lion">Henry the Lion</a>. He and his younger brother <a href="/wiki/Frederick_VI,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Frederick VI, Duke of Swabia">Frederick</a> received the knightly <a href="/wiki/Accolade" title="Accolade">accolade</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Diet_of_Pentecost" title="Diet of Pentecost">Diet of Pentecost</a> <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a> in 1184.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year, Henry had almost lost his life during the <a href="/wiki/Erfurt_latrine_disaster" title="Erfurt latrine disaster">Erfurt latrine disaster</a>, where about 60 nobles had perished in a latrine cesspit after the <a href="/wiki/Erfurt_Cathedral" title="Erfurt Cathedral">Erfurt Cathedral</a>’s second story floor had collapsed. Henry had only survived due to being seated in a separate part of the alcove which was made of stone. <sup id="cite_ref-Regesta_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Regesta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The emperor had already entered into negotiations with King <a href="/wiki/William_II_of_Sicily" title="William II of Sicily">William II of Sicily</a> to <a href="/wiki/Betroth" class="mw-redirect" title="Betroth">betroth</a> his son and heir with William's aunt Constance by 1184. Constance, almost 30 years old at that time, was said to have been confined in <a href="/wiki/Santissimo_Salvatore,_Palermo" title="Santissimo Salvatore, Palermo">Santissimo Salvatore, Palermo</a> as a nun since childhood to keep <a href="/wiki/Celibacy" title="Celibacy">celibacy</a> due to a prediction that "her marriage would destroy Sicily" despite having become the sole legitimate heir to William as the marriage of the latter had remained childless; and, after the latter's death in November 1189, Henry had the opportunity of adding the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Sicilian</a> crown to the imperial one. He and Constance were married on 27 January 1186 in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Hohenstaufen conflict with <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_III" title="Pope Urban III">Pope Urban III</a>, Henry moved to the <a href="/wiki/March_of_Tuscany" title="March of Tuscany">March of Tuscany</a>, and with the aid of his deputy <a href="/wiki/Markward_von_Annweiler" title="Markward von Annweiler">Markward von Annweiler</a> devastated the adjacent territory of the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>. Back in Germany, he became sovereign ruler of the Empire, as his father had died while on the <a href="/wiki/Third_Crusade" title="Third Crusade">Third Crusade</a> in 1190. Henry tried to secure his rule in the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a> by elevating Count <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_V_of_Hainaut" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldwin V of Hainaut">Baldwin V of Hainaut</a> to a <a href="/wiki/Margrave" title="Margrave">margrave</a> of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Namur" title="County of Namur">Namur</a>, and at the same time he tried to reach a settlement with rivalling Duke <a href="/wiki/Henry_I,_Duke_of_Brabant" title="Henry I, Duke of Brabant">Henry of Brabant</a>. Further difficulties arose when the exiled Welf duke <a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Lion" title="Henry the Lion">Henry the Lion</a> returned from <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> and began to subdue large estates in his former <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Saxony" title="Duchy of Saxony">Duchy of Saxony</a>. A Hohenstaufen campaign to Saxony had to be abandoned when King Henry received the message of the death of King William II of Sicily on 18 November 1189. The Sicilian vice-chancellor <a href="/wiki/Matthew_of_Ajello" title="Matthew of Ajello">Matthew of Ajello</a> pursued the succession of Count Tancred of Lecce and gained the support of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a>. </p><p>To assert his own rights in the inheritance dispute, Henry initially supported Tancred's rival Count <a href="/wiki/Roger_of_Andria" title="Roger of Andria">Roger of Andria</a> and made arrangements for a campaign to Italy. The next year he concluded a peace agreement with Henry the Lion at <a href="/wiki/Fulda" title="Fulda">Fulda</a> and moved farther southwards to <a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a>, where he learned that his father had died on crusade attempting to cross the <a href="/wiki/Saleph" class="mw-redirect" title="Saleph">Saleph</a> River near <a href="/wiki/Silifke" title="Silifke">Seleucia</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cilicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Cilicia">Kingdom of Cilicia</a> (now part of <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>) on 10 June 1190.<sup id="cite_ref-Fuhrmann1986_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuhrmann1986-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperial_coronation">Imperial coronation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Imperial coronation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Friedrich-barbarossa-und-soehne-welfenchronik_1-1000x1540.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Friedrich-barbarossa-und-soehne-welfenchronik_1-1000x1540.jpg/220px-Friedrich-barbarossa-und-soehne-welfenchronik_1-1000x1540.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Friedrich-barbarossa-und-soehne-welfenchronik_1-1000x1540.jpg/330px-Friedrich-barbarossa-und-soehne-welfenchronik_1-1000x1540.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Friedrich-barbarossa-und-soehne-welfenchronik_1-1000x1540.jpg/440px-Friedrich-barbarossa-und-soehne-welfenchronik_1-1000x1540.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1540" /></a><figcaption>Frederick Barbarossa with his sons Henry and Frederick, <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Welforum" title="Historia Welforum">Historia Welforum</a></i>, Weingarten Abbey, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1180</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pope_Coelestinus_4._crowning_the_Emperour_Henricus_6._with_his_feete.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Pope_Coelestinus_4._crowning_the_Emperour_Henricus_6._with_his_feete.gif/220px-Pope_Coelestinus_4._crowning_the_Emperour_Henricus_6._with_his_feete.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Pope_Coelestinus_4._crowning_the_Emperour_Henricus_6._with_his_feete.gif/330px-Pope_Coelestinus_4._crowning_the_Emperour_Henricus_6._with_his_feete.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Pope_Coelestinus_4._crowning_the_Emperour_Henricus_6._with_his_feete.gif/440px-Pope_Coelestinus_4._crowning_the_Emperour_Henricus_6._with_his_feete.gif 2x" data-file-width="1653" data-file-height="1312" /></a><figcaption>A depiction of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_III" title="Pope Celestine III">Pope Celestine III</a> crowning Henry VI with his foot. The story of popes crowning emperors with their feet was a popular medieval legend, often intended to show the superiority of papal authority over secular authority. In the case of Henry and Celestine, the story of Celestine crowning the emperor with his right foot and then kicking the crown off his head came from the English chronicler <a href="/wiki/Roger_of_Howden" title="Roger of Howden">Roger of Howden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>While he sent an Imperial army to Italy, Henry initially stayed in Germany to settle the succession of <a href="/wiki/Louis_III,_Landgrave_of_Thuringia" title="Louis III, Landgrave of Thuringia">Louis III, Landgrave of Thuringia</a>, who had also died on the Third Crusade. He had planned to seize the <a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringian</a> landgraviate as a reverted fief, but Louis' brother <a href="/wiki/Hermann_I,_Landgrave_of_Thuringia" title="Hermann I, Landgrave of Thuringia">Hermann</a> was able to reach his enfeoffment. The next year, the king followed his army across the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Lodi,_Lombardy" title="Lodi, Lombardy">Lodi</a> he negotiated with <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine" title="Eleanor of Aquitaine">Eleanor of Aquitaine</a>, widow of King <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II of England</a>, to break the engagement of her son King Richard with <a href="/wiki/Alys_of_France,_Countess_of_Vexin" title="Alys of France, Countess of Vexin">Alys</a>, a daughter of late King <a href="/wiki/Louis_VII_of_France" title="Louis VII of France">Louis VII of France</a>. He hoped to deteriorate English-French relations and to isolate Richard, who had offended him by backing Count Tancred in Sicily. Eleanor acted cleverly; she reached Henry's assurance that he would not interfere in her son's conflict with King <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_France" title="Philip II of France">Philip II of France</a>, and she would also prevent the marriage of Henry's younger brother <a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Conrad II, Duke of Swabia">Conrad</a> with <a href="/wiki/Berengaria_of_Castile" title="Berengaria of Castile">Berengaria of Castile</a> to confine the Hohenstaufen claims to power. </p><p>Henry entered into further negotiations with the Lombard League cities and with <a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_III" title="Pope Celestine III">Pope Celestine III</a> on his <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor">Imperial coronation</a>, and ceded <a href="/wiki/Tusculum" title="Tusculum">Tusculum</a> to the Pope. At Easter Monday on 15 April 1191, in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, Henry and his consort Constance were crowned Emperor and Empress by Celestine. The crown of Sicily, however, was harder to gain, as the Sicilian nobility had chosen Count Tancred of Lecce as their king. Henry began his work campaigning in <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a> and besieging Naples, but he encountered resistance when Tancred's vassal <a href="/wiki/Margaritus_of_Brindisi" title="Margaritus of Brindisi">Margaritus of Brindisi</a> came to the city's defence, harassed Henry's <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Pisa" title="Republic of Pisa">Pisan</a> navy, and nearly destroyed the later arriving <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoese</a> contingent. Moreover, the Imperial army had been heavily hit by an epidemic, and Henry ultimately had to abandon the siege. Upon his retreat, those cities that had surrendered to Henry resubmitted to Tancred. As a result, Constance, who was left in the palace of <a href="/wiki/Salerno" title="Salerno">Salerno</a> as a sign that Henry would soon return, was betrayed and handed over to Tancred.<sup id="cite_ref-Fuhrmann1986_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuhrmann1986-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Henry had to return to Germany when he learned that Henry the Lion had again incited a conflict with the Saxon <a href="/wiki/House_of_Ascania" title="House of Ascania">House of Ascania</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Schauenburg_and_Holstein" title="Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein">Counts of Schauenburg</a>. His son <a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Count_Palatine_of_the_Rhine" title="Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine">Henry of Brunswick</a> deserted from the Imperial army in Italy and was ostracized by the emperor at the <i>Hoftag</i> in <a href="/wiki/Worms,_Germany" title="Worms, Germany">Worms</a> at Pentecost 1192. However, Henry VI had to realise that his powers were limited: after his closest ally in Saxony, Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Wichmann_of_Magdeburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Wichmann of Magdeburg">Wichmann of Magdeburg</a> died, he concluded another armistice with inflammatory Henry the Lion. </p><p>Meanwhile, despite the fact that his wife had been captured by Sicilians, Henry refused Celestine III's offers to make peace with Tancred. While Tancred would not permit Constance to be ransomed unless Henry recognized him, Henry complained of her capture to Celestine. In June 1192 Constance was released on the intervention of Pope Celestine III, who in return recognized Tancred as King of Sicily. Constance was to be sent to Rome for Celestine III to put pressure on Henry, but German soldiers managed to set up an ambush on the border of Papal States and freed Constance. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heinrich_6_sigillum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Heinrich_6_sigillum.jpg/220px-Heinrich_6_sigillum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Heinrich_6_sigillum.jpg/330px-Heinrich_6_sigillum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Heinrich_6_sigillum.jpg/440px-Heinrich_6_sigillum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="1130" /></a><figcaption>Facsimile of the Imperial seal (1192)</figcaption></figure> <p>On the other hand, the emperor was able to strengthen his power base in the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Swabia" title="Duchy of Swabia">Duchy of Swabia</a>, when he inherited the possessions of Henry the Lion's cousin <a href="/wiki/Welf_VI" title="Welf VI">Welf VI</a>. During the election of a new <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Liège">Bishop of Lüttich</a> in September 1191, he favored <a href="/wiki/Albert_de_Rethel" title="Albert de Rethel">Albert de Rethel</a> for Albert was a maternal-uncle of Empress Constance, whom both he and Constance had planned to be the next bishop of Liege, but at the time of election Empress Constance had been imprisoned by Sicilians, and the other candidate <a href="/wiki/Albert_of_Louvain" title="Albert of Louvain">Albert of Louvain</a> the brother of Duke Henry of Brabant gained more support. In January 1192 Henry claimed the election was under dispute and appointed his newly made imperial chancellor <a href="/wiki/Lothar_of_Hochstaden" class="mw-redirect" title="Lothar of Hochstaden">Lothar of Hochstaden</a>, provost of the church of St Cassius in Bonn and brother of Count Dietrich of Hochstaden instead, and in September 1192 he proceeded to <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCttich" class="mw-redirect" title="Lüttich">Lüttich</a> (Liège) to enforce the succession. The majority of the electors of Liège accepted the imperial decision because of the emperor's threat, and Albert de Rethel also relinquished and indignantly refused a financial settlement offered by the emperor. Albert of Louvain had to yield and sought support from the pope in Rome and from the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Reims" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Reims">Archbishop of Reims</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a>, he took the holy orders with papal consent, but he was killed soon after by hired assassins. His brother Duke Henry chose to conclude a peace agreement with the emperor but remained a bitter enemy. </p><p>Emperor Henry already was concerned with the deposition of the Welf supporter Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Hartwig_of_Uthlede" title="Hartwig of Uthlede">Hartwig II of Bremen</a>. He further had to arbitrate in a conflict in the <a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Meissen" class="mw-redirect" title="Margraviate of Meissen">Margraviate of Meissen</a> on the eastern border of the Empire, where the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Wettin" title="House of Wettin">Wettin</a> margrave <a href="/wiki/Albert_I,_Margrave_of_Meissen" title="Albert I, Margrave of Meissen">Albert I</a> had to fend off the claims raised by his brother <a href="/wiki/Theodoric_I,_Margrave_of_Meissen" title="Theodoric I, Margrave of Meissen">Theoderic</a> and Landgrave Hermann of Thuringia. Meanwhile, the opposition in the west took on a dramatic scale, when the dukes of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brabant" title="Duchy of Brabant">Brabant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Limburg" title="Duchy of Limburg">Limburg</a> joined forces with Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Bruno_III_of_Berg" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruno III of Berg">Bruno III of Cologne</a>. A massive confederacy against the emperor loomed ahead, including Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Conrad_of_Mainz" class="mw-redirect" title="Conrad of Mainz">Conrad of Mainz</a>, Archchancellor of Germany, and Duke <a href="/wiki/Ottokar_I_of_Bohemia" title="Ottokar I of Bohemia">Ottokar I of Bohemia</a>, as well Henry's old rival Henry the Lion, the Swabian <a href="/wiki/House_of_Z%C3%A4hringen" title="House of Zähringen">House of Zähringen</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">English Crown</a>, and the pope, irritated by the killing of Albert of Louvain.<sup id="cite_ref-Fuhrmann1986_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuhrmann1986-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capture_of_Richard_the_Lionheart">Capture of Richard the Lionheart</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Capture of Richard the Lionheart"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heinrich_VI._begnadigt_Richard_Loewenherz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Heinrich_VI._begnadigt_Richard_Loewenherz.jpg/220px-Heinrich_VI._begnadigt_Richard_Loewenherz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Heinrich_VI._begnadigt_Richard_Loewenherz.jpg/330px-Heinrich_VI._begnadigt_Richard_Loewenherz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Heinrich_VI._begnadigt_Richard_Loewenherz.jpg/440px-Heinrich_VI._begnadigt_Richard_Loewenherz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1157" data-file-height="1052" /></a><figcaption>Richard the Lionheart submits himself to Emperor Henry, <i>Liber ad honorem Augusti</i>, fol. 129R</figcaption></figure> <p>At this stage, Henry had a stroke of good fortune when the <a href="/wiki/Babenberg" title="Babenberg">Babenberg</a> duke <a href="/wiki/Leopold_V,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold V, Duke of Austria">Leopold V of Austria</a> gave him his prominent prisoner, <a href="/wiki/Richard_the_Lionheart" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard the Lionheart">Richard the Lionheart</a>, King of England, whom he had captured on his way back from the Third Crusade and held at <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCrnstein_Castle" title="Dürnstein Castle">Dürnstein Castle</a>. On 28 March 1193, Richard was handed over to the emperor in <a href="/wiki/Speyer" title="Speyer">Speyer</a> and imprisoned at <a href="/wiki/Trifels_Castle" title="Trifels Castle">Trifels Castle</a>, taking revenge for Richard's alliance with Tancred of Lecce. Ignoring his near <a href="/wiki/Excommunication" title="Excommunication">excommunication</a> by Pope Celestine III for imprisoning a former crusader, he held the English King for a ransom of 150,000 silver marks and officially declared a dowry of Richard's niece <a href="/wiki/Eleanor,_Fair_Maid_of_Brittany" title="Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany">Eleanor</a>, who was to marry Duke Leopold's son <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Duke_of_Austria_(Babenberg)" title="Frederick I, Duke of Austria (Babenberg)">Frederick</a>. The opposition <a href="/wiki/Princes_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Princes of the Holy Roman Empire">princes</a> had to face the defeat of their mighty ally and to refrain from their plans to overthrow the Hohenstaufen dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Backed by his mother Eleanor of Aquitaine, who successfully defended his interests against his rival brother <a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_England" title="John, King of England">John, Count of Mortain</a> and his ally King Philip of France, King Richard procured his release in exchange for the huge ransom, a further interest payment, and his <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_allegiance" title="Oath of allegiance">oath of allegiance</a> to Henry. In turn the emperor under threat of military violence demanded the restitution of the French lands, which John had seized upon approval by Philip during Richard's absence. Henry not only gained another vassal and ally, he could also assume the role of a mediator between <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a>. He and Richard ceremoniously reconciled at the <i>Hoftag</i> in Speyer during Holy Week 1194: the English king publicly regretted any hostilities, genuflected, and cast himself on the emperor's mercy. He was released and returned to England.<sup id="cite_ref-Purser2004_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Purser2004-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the same time, Henry settled the longstanding conflict with the Welf dynasty when he secured the marriage of <a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Hohenstaufen" title="Agnes of Hohenstaufen">Agnes of Hohenstaufen</a>, daughter of his half-uncle Count Palatine <a href="/wiki/Conrad,_Count_Palatine_of_the_Rhine" title="Conrad, Count Palatine of the Rhine">Conrad</a>, to Henry the Lion's son Henry of Brunswick, followed by a peace agreement in March 1194. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Henry_VI's_conquest_of_Sicily"><span id="Henry_VI.27s_conquest_of_Sicily"></span><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI%27s_conquest_of_Sicily" title="Henry VI's conquest of Sicily">Henry VI's conquest of Sicily</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Henry VI's conquest of Sicily"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jind%C5%99ich_VI._obl%C3%A9h%C3%A1_Neapol_(1191).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Jind%C5%99ich_VI._obl%C3%A9h%C3%A1_Neapol_%281191%29.jpg/220px-Jind%C5%99ich_VI._obl%C3%A9h%C3%A1_Neapol_%281191%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Jind%C5%99ich_VI._obl%C3%A9h%C3%A1_Neapol_%281191%29.jpg/330px-Jind%C5%99ich_VI._obl%C3%A9h%C3%A1_Neapol_%281191%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Jind%C5%99ich_VI._obl%C3%A9h%C3%A1_Neapol_%281191%29.jpg/440px-Jind%C5%99ich_VI._obl%C3%A9h%C3%A1_Neapol_%281191%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="358" /></a><figcaption>Siege of Naples, <a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Eboli" title="Peter of Eboli">Peter of Eboli</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Liber_ad_honorem_Augusti" title="Liber ad honorem Augusti">Liber ad honorem Augusti</a></i>, 1196</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tankred_syni.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Tankred_syni.jpg/220px-Tankred_syni.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Tankred_syni.jpg/330px-Tankred_syni.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Tankred_syni.jpg 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="286" /></a><figcaption>Left to right: William III of Sicily; his brother and father</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Woodcut_illustration_of_Constance_of_Sicily,_her_husband_HRE_Henry_VI_and_her_son_HRE_Frederick_II_-_Penn_Provenance_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Woodcut_illustration_of_Constance_of_Sicily%2C_her_husband_HRE_Henry_VI_and_her_son_HRE_Frederick_II_-_Penn_Provenance_Project.jpg/220px-Woodcut_illustration_of_Constance_of_Sicily%2C_her_husband_HRE_Henry_VI_and_her_son_HRE_Frederick_II_-_Penn_Provenance_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Woodcut_illustration_of_Constance_of_Sicily%2C_her_husband_HRE_Henry_VI_and_her_son_HRE_Frederick_II_-_Penn_Provenance_Project.jpg/330px-Woodcut_illustration_of_Constance_of_Sicily%2C_her_husband_HRE_Henry_VI_and_her_son_HRE_Frederick_II_-_Penn_Provenance_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Woodcut_illustration_of_Constance_of_Sicily%2C_her_husband_HRE_Henry_VI_and_her_son_HRE_Frederick_II_-_Penn_Provenance_Project.jpg/440px-Woodcut_illustration_of_Constance_of_Sicily%2C_her_husband_HRE_Henry_VI_and_her_son_HRE_Frederick_II_-_Penn_Provenance_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2150" data-file-height="2168" /></a><figcaption>Woodcut, depicting <a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Sicily" class="mw-disambig" title="Constance of Sicily">Constance of Sicily</a>, husband Henry VI and son <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_Hohenstaufen_torturing_the_young_William_III.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Henry_Hohenstaufen_torturing_the_young_William_III.jpg/220px-Henry_Hohenstaufen_torturing_the_young_William_III.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Henry_Hohenstaufen_torturing_the_young_William_III.jpg/330px-Henry_Hohenstaufen_torturing_the_young_William_III.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Henry_Hohenstaufen_torturing_the_young_William_III.jpg/440px-Henry_Hohenstaufen_torturing_the_young_William_III.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1187" data-file-height="1281" /></a><figcaption>Emperor Henry VI has King William III of Sicily blinded and castrated in 1194 (Des cas des nobles hommes et femmes [fol. 169r] by Giovanni Boccaccio, 15th century, Bibliothèque de Genève Ms. fr. 190/2).</figcaption></figure> <p>Meanwhile, the situation in Southern Italy had grown worse: After Henry's defeat at Naples, Tancred's brother-in-law Count <a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Acerra" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard of Acerra">Richard of Acerra</a> had reconquered large parts of Apulia, and Tancred himself had reached the allowance of his claims by the pope. Henry was granted free passage in Northern Italy, having forged an alliance with the Lombard communes. In February 1194, Tancred of Lecce died, leaving as heir a young boy, <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_Sicily" title="William III of Sicily">William III</a>, under the tutelage of his mother <a href="/wiki/Sibylla_of_Acerra" title="Sibylla of Acerra">Sibylla of Acerra</a>. In May Emperor Henry, based on King Richard's ransom, again set out for Italy. He reached Milan at Pentecost and occupied Naples in August. He met little resistance and on 20 November 1194 entered <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a> capital of Kingdom of Sicily and was crowned king on 25 December. On the next day his wife Constance, who had stayed back in <a href="/wiki/Iesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Iesi">Iesi</a>, gave birth to his only son and heir <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a>, the future emperor and king of Sicily and Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-Fuhrmann1986_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuhrmann1986-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The young William and his mother Sibylla had fled to <a href="/wiki/Caltabellotta" title="Caltabellotta">Caltabellotta</a> Castle; he officially renounced the Sicilian kingdom in turn for the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Lecce" title="County of Lecce">County of Lecce</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Capua" title="Principality of Capua">Principality of Capua</a>. A few days after Henry's coronation, however, the royal family and several Norman nobles were accused of a coup attempt and arrested. Henry is said to have had William blinded and castrated, while many of his followers were <a href="/wiki/Burned_alive" class="mw-redirect" title="Burned alive">burned alive</a>. Some, however, like the Siculo-Greek <a href="/wiki/Eugene_of_Palermo" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene of Palermo">Eugene of Palermo</a>, transitioned into the new Hohenstaufen government with ease. William probably was deported to <a href="/wiki/Hohenems" title="Hohenems">Altems</a> (Hohenems) Castle in Swabia, where he died in captivity about 1198. </p><p>In March 1195 Henry held a <i>Hoftag</i> in <a href="/wiki/Bari" title="Bari">Bari</a> and appointed his wife Constance Sicilian <a href="/wiki/Queen_regnant" title="Queen regnant">queen regnant</a>, though with Henry's loyal vassal <a href="/wiki/Conrad_I,_Duke_of_Spoleto" title="Conrad I, Duke of Spoleto">Conrad of Urslingen</a>, elevated to a hereditary <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Spoleto" title="Duchy of Spoleto">duke of Spoleto</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Imperial_vicar" title="Imperial vicar">Imperial vicar</a> to secure the emperor's position in Southern Italy. He placed further <i><a href="/wiki/Ministeriales" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministeriales">ministeriales</a></i> in the Sicilian administration, like the <a href="/wiki/Troia,_Apulia" title="Troia, Apulia">Troia</a> bishop <a href="/wiki/Walter_of_Palearia" title="Walter of Palearia">Walter of Palearia</a> who became chancellor. His loyal henchman Markward von Annweiler was appointed a duke of <a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a>, placing him in a highly strategic position to control the route to Sicily via the Italian <a href="/wiki/Romagna" title="Romagna">Romagna</a> region and the <a href="/wiki/Apennines" class="mw-redirect" title="Apennines">Apennines</a>. Henry's younger brother <a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Swabia" title="Philip of Swabia">Philip of Swabia</a> was vested with the large estates of late margravine <a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Tuscany" title="Matilda of Tuscany">Matilda</a> in <a href="/wiki/March_of_Tuscany" title="March of Tuscany">Tuscany</a>. The emperor also felt strong enough to send home the Pisan and Genoese ships without giving their governments the promised concessions.<sup id="cite_ref-Matthew1992_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matthew1992-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universal_ruler">Universal ruler</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Universal ruler"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liber_ad_honorem_Augusti_Fol-134r.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Liber_ad_honorem_Augusti_Fol-134r.jpg/220px-Liber_ad_honorem_Augusti_Fol-134r.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="344" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Liber_ad_honorem_Augusti_Fol-134r.jpg/330px-Liber_ad_honorem_Augusti_Fol-134r.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Liber_ad_honorem_Augusti_Fol-134r.jpg/440px-Liber_ad_honorem_Augusti_Fol-134r.jpg 2x" data-file-width="953" data-file-height="1489" /></a><figcaption>Henry entering Palermo.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Sicilian kingdom added to Henry's personal and Imperial revenues an income without parallel in Europe. However, his aims to integrate Sicily into the Empire as a second power base of the Hohenstaufen dynasty were not realised during his lifetime. The negotiations with Pope Celestine III to approve the unification (<i>unio regni ad imperium</i>) in return of another <a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_1197" title="Crusade of 1197">crusade</a> reached a deadlock. On the other hand, his beliefs of a universal rule according to the <i><a href="/wiki/Translatio_imperii" title="Translatio imperii">translatio imperii</a></i> concept collided with the existence of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>, reflected in Henry's expansionist policies by the imposition of suzerainty over King <a href="/wiki/Leo_I,_King_of_Armenia" title="Leo I, King of Armenia">Leo I of Armenia</a> and King <a href="/wiki/Aimery_of_Cyprus" title="Aimery of Cyprus">Aimery of Cyprus</a>. </p><p>In 1195 Henry's envoys in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> raised claims to former <a href="/wiki/Italo-Norman" class="mw-redirect" title="Italo-Norman">Italo-Norman</a> possessions around <a href="/wiki/Durr%C3%ABs" title="Durrës">Dyrrachium</a> (Durrës), one of the most important naval bases on the eastern <a href="/wiki/Adriatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Adriatic">Adriatic</a> coast, and pressed for a contribution to the planned crusade. Upon the deposition of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Isaac_II_Angelos" title="Isaac II Angelos">Isaac II Angelos</a> Henry openly threatened with an attack on Byzantine territory. He already evolved plans to betroth his younger brother Philip to Isaac's daughter Princess <a href="/wiki/Irene_Angelina" title="Irene Angelina">Irene Angelina</a>—deliberately or not—opening up a perspective to unite the Western and Eastern Empire under Hohenstaufen rule. According to the contemporary historian <a href="/wiki/Niketas_Choniates" title="Niketas Choniates">Niketas Choniates</a> his legates were able to collect <a href="/wiki/Alamanikon" title="Alamanikon">a large tribute</a> from Isaac's brother and successor <a href="/wiki/Alexios_III_Angelos" title="Alexios III Angelos">Alexios III</a> but it was not paid before Henry's death.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When an armistice between Pisa and the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> ended, the Pisans attacked Venetian ships in Marmora and carried out raids against theỉr premises in Constantinople. The matters escalated and the two sides went to war. The Byzantine emperor <a href="/wiki/Alexios_III_Angelos" title="Alexios III Angelos">Alexios III Angelos</a> was thought to be behind Pisan attacks. In 1197, Henry imposed a truce on them.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previously, Pisa and Genoa had supported Henry's invasion of Italy while Venice chose to be neutral. But Henry granted Venice various rights in 1195 and 1197 while prevaricating over the more extensive privileges Pisa and Genoa claimed.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henry's planned expansion against Thessaloniki and Constantinople, if it had happened, would have isolated Venice in its own gulf, and Venice was worrying that Alexios would rather submit to Henry than settle disgreements with Venice. Henry's death relieved both Venice and Constantinople of their worries. On the news of Henry's death, the Byzantine "German tax" was abolished.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicol1992118_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicol1992118-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Henry died, he was the most powerful monarch in Christendom, being Holy Roman Emperor, King of Germany, Burgundy, Italy, Sicily, feudal overlord of the Kings of England, Lesser Armenia and Cyprus, and tributary lord of Northern African princes.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hereditary_monarchy">Hereditary monarchy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Hereditary monarchy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Codex_Manesse_Heinrich_VI._(HRR).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Codex_Manesse_Heinrich_VI._%28HRR%29.jpg/220px-Codex_Manesse_Heinrich_VI._%28HRR%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Codex_Manesse_Heinrich_VI._%28HRR%29.jpg/330px-Codex_Manesse_Heinrich_VI._%28HRR%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Codex_Manesse_Heinrich_VI._%28HRR%29.jpg/440px-Codex_Manesse_Heinrich_VI._%28HRR%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="938" data-file-height="1332" /></a><figcaption>Portrait from the <i><a href="/wiki/Codex_Manesse" title="Codex Manesse">Codex Manesse</a></i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1304</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Erbreichsplan" title="Erbreichsplan">Erbreichsplan</a></div> <p>In summer 1195 Henry returned to Germany, in order to call for support to launch his crusade and to arrange his succession in the case of his death. However, he first again had to deal with the quarrels in the Wettin Margraviate of Meissen upon the death of Margrave Albert I. As Albert had tried to gain control over the adjacent <a href="/wiki/Pleissnerland" title="Pleissnerland">Pleissnerland</a>, an Imperial Hohenstaufen territory, Henry took the occasion to deny the inheritance claims of the margrave's younger brother Theodoric and seized the Meissen territory for himself. In October he reconciled with Archbishop Hartwig of Bremen at <a href="/wiki/Gelnhausen" title="Gelnhausen">Gelnhausen</a> and was able to obtain the support of numerous Saxon and Thuringian nobles for his crusade which was scheduled to begin on Christmas 1196. </p><p>His next aim was to make the imperial crown <a href="/wiki/Erbreichsplan" title="Erbreichsplan">hereditary</a>. Henry tried to secure the Imperial election of his son Frederick II as King of the Romans, which however met with objections raised by Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Adolf_of_Altena" title="Adolf of Altena">Adolf of Cologne</a>. Spending the winter in <a href="/wiki/Hagenau" class="mw-redirect" title="Hagenau">Hagenau</a> Castle, the emperor and his <i>ministeriales</i> evolved the idea of a hereditary monarchy. Though they would have lost their right to elect the kings, the secular princes themselves wished to make their Imperial fiefs hereditary and to be inheritable by the female line as well, and Henry agreed to consider these demands. The emperor also bought the support of ecclesiastical princes by announcing that he would be willing to give up the <i><a href="/wiki/Jus_Spolii" class="mw-redirect" title="Jus Spolii">Jus Spolii</a></i> and the right to receive recurring earnings from church lands during a period of <i><a href="/wiki/Sede_vacante" title="Sede vacante">sede vacante</a></i>. At the Diet of <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Würzburg">Würzburg</a>, held in March/April 1196, he managed to convince the majority of the princes to vote for his proposal. However, Archbishop Adolf of Cologne did not even put in an appearance and several princes, predominantly in Saxony and Thuringia, were still dissatisfied.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While in July 1196 Henry proceeded to Burgundy and Italy in order to negotiate with Pope Celestine III, the resistance in Germany grew. At the following diet at <a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a> in October, a majority of the princes rejected the emperor's plans. Furthermore, the Pope, still concerned in view of the Hohenstaufen rule over Sicily, broke off the talks. Nevertheless, on Christmas Henry's son Frederick II was elected King of the Romans in Frankfurt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DSC00548_-_Cattedrale_-_Tomba_di_Enrico_VI_%2B_1197_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/DSC00548_-_Cattedrale_-_Tomba_di_Enrico_VI_%2B_1197_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto.jpg/220px-DSC00548_-_Cattedrale_-_Tomba_di_Enrico_VI_%2B_1197_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/DSC00548_-_Cattedrale_-_Tomba_di_Enrico_VI_%2B_1197_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto.jpg/330px-DSC00548_-_Cattedrale_-_Tomba_di_Enrico_VI_%2B_1197_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/DSC00548_-_Cattedrale_-_Tomba_di_Enrico_VI_%2B_1197_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto.jpg/440px-DSC00548_-_Cattedrale_-_Tomba_di_Enrico_VI_%2B_1197_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Henry's grave in the Cathedral of Palermo</figcaption></figure> <p>At the same time, the emperor stayed in <a href="/wiki/Capua" title="Capua">Capua</a>, where he had Count Richard of Acerra, held in custody by his <i>ministerialis</i> <a href="/wiki/Dipold,_Count_of_Acerra" title="Dipold, Count of Acerra">Dipold von Schweinspeunt</a>, cruelly executed. He entered Sicily in March 1197 and applied himself to prepare his crusade in <a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a>. </p><p>Soon after, the transition to Hohenstaufen's rule in Italy spurred revolts, especially around <a href="/wiki/Catania" title="Catania">Catania</a> and southern Sicily, which his German soldiers led by Markward of Annweiler and <a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Kalden" title="Henry of Kalden">Henry of Kalden</a> suppressed mercilessly. The rebels even sought to make Count <a href="/wiki/Jordan_of_Bovino" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordan of Bovino">Jordan of Bovino</a> king in Henry's place. Some contemporary Germans (who were hostile to Empress Constance) even accused her of directly collaborating with the rebels, even though recent research like the work of Theo Kölzer shows that this was unlikely. Kölzer opines though that Henry's "discipline methods" in Sicily had put a dent on the relationship between wife and husband, and it was possible that Constance passively tolerated the rebels.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the midst of preparations Henry fell ill with <a href="/wiki/Chills" title="Chills">chills</a> while hunting near <a href="/wiki/Fiumedinisi" title="Fiumedinisi">Fiumedinisi</a> and on 28 September died, likely of <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> (contracted since the siege of Napoli in 1191 and had never completely healed), in Messina,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although some immediately accused Constance of poisoning him.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His wife Constance had him buried at Messina; in 1198, his mortal remains were transferred to <a href="/wiki/Palermo_Cathedral" title="Palermo Cathedral">Palermo Cathedral</a>. Various items were removed from Henry VI's grave in the late eighteenth century, some of which are now in the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a> in London. They include the remains of a shoe, a head band and an ornate <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a> textile that originally wrapped the body.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Henry's minor son Frederick II was to inherit both the Kingdom of Sicily and the Imperial crown. However, a number of princes around Archbishop Adolf of Cologne elected the Welf <a href="/wiki/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto of Brunswick</a>, son of Henry the Lion, anti-king. To defend the claims of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, Frederick's uncle Philip of Swabia had himself elected King of the Romans in March 1198. The <a href="/wiki/German_throne_dispute" title="German throne dispute">German throne quarrel</a> lasted nearly twenty years, until Frederick was again elected king in 1212 and Otto, defeated by the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">French</a> in the 1214 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bouvines" title="Battle of Bouvines">Battle of Bouvines</a> and abandoned by his former allies, finally died in 1218.<sup id="cite_ref-Fuhrmann1986_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuhrmann1986-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PfalzKaiserswert08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/PfalzKaiserswert08.jpg/220px-PfalzKaiserswert08.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/PfalzKaiserswert08.jpg/330px-PfalzKaiserswert08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/PfalzKaiserswert08.jpg/440px-PfalzKaiserswert08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>Ruins of the <i>Kaiserpfalz</i> in <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Kaiserswerth" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth">Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth</a>, western front ("interior" view).</figcaption></figure> <p>During his rule in Germany, Henry moved from one <i><a href="/wiki/Kaiserpfalz" title="Kaiserpfalz">Kaiserpfalz</a></i> residence to another or—to a lesser extent—stayed at <a href="/wiki/Prince-bishop" title="Prince-bishop">Prince-bishop</a>'s sees in the tradition of the medieval itinerant kingship. He concentrated on the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Franconia" title="Duchy of Franconia">Franconian</a> core locations of his kingdom, while the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Bavarian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Saxony" title="Duchy of Saxony">Saxon</a> lands were less subject to the central authority. His travel routes through Germany as well as his campaigns in Italy are documented by numerous deeds he issued year by year. </p><p>The emperor strongly relied on high-ranking clergy like the archbishops <a href="/wiki/Philip_I_(archbishop_of_Cologne)" title="Philip I (archbishop of Cologne)">Philip of Cologne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conrad_of_Mainz" class="mw-redirect" title="Conrad of Mainz">Conrad of Mainz</a>. Several contemporary accounts of his life given by ecclesiastical chroniclers like <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_of_Viterbo" title="Godfrey of Viterbo">Godfrey of Viterbo</a> or <a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Eboli" title="Peter of Eboli">Peter of Eboli</a> in his <i><a href="/wiki/Liber_ad_honorem_Augusti" title="Liber ad honorem Augusti">Liber ad honorem Augusti</a></i> (on the emperor's conquest of Sicily) paint a bright picture of Henry's rule; while the annals by <a href="/wiki/Otto_of_Sankt_Blasien" title="Otto of Sankt Blasien">Otto of Sankt Blasien</a> are considered more objective. In his <i><a href="/wiki/Arnoldi_Chronica_Slavorum" title="Arnoldi Chronica Slavorum">Arnoldi Chronica Slavorum</a></i> the chronicler <a href="/wiki/Arnold_of_L%C3%BCbeck" title="Arnold of Lübeck">Arnold of Lübeck</a> concentrates on the dispute between the Hohenstaufen and Welf dynasties from a pronounced Welf perspective, while <a href="/wiki/Gislebert_of_Mons" title="Gislebert of Mons">Gislebert of Mons</a> tells of Henry's policies in <a href="/wiki/County_of_Hainaut" title="County of Hainaut">Hainaut</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">Flanders</a>. The Hohenstaufen rule in Italy and the Mezzogiorno is documented by the chronicles of Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Romuald_Guarna" title="Romuald Guarna">Romuald of Salerno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_of_San_Germano" title="Richard of San Germano">Richard of San Germano</a>. Henry's conflict with King Richard I of England is rendered by <a href="/wiki/Roger_of_Hoveden" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger of Hoveden">Roger of Hoveden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gervase_of_Tilbury" title="Gervase of Tilbury">Gervase of Tilbury</a>, expressing their negative attitudes towards the emperor. </p><p>While being overshadowed by the legendary figures of his father and son, the two Fredericks, Henry is generally considered to be a talented leader and his reign is also considered to be remarkable. Koenigsberger calls him an "immensely able politician", who was able to break the alliance of Western kings, who combined their forces against his great power. But the empire, depending much on the person of the ruler, like other mediaeval empires, collapsed when he died.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPavlac2013323_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPavlac2013323-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later historians stressed the fact of Henry's early death and the succeeding throne quarrel as a stroke of fate and a major setback for the development of a German <a href="/wiki/Nation_state" title="Nation state">nation state</a> begun under his father Frederick Barbarossa. On the other hand, the emperor's stern measures in Sicily earned him the reputation of a cruel and merciless ruler. Present-day historical research classifies Henry as a man of his time; though a capable ruler he had to cope with the centrifugal forces while at the same time he overstretched the Hohenstaufen realm to an extent that finally could not be kept together. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_German_monarchs" title="Family tree of German monarchs">Family tree of German monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Swabian_Sicily" title="History of Swabian Sicily">History of Swabian Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt_latrine_disaster" title="Erfurt latrine disaster">Erfurt latrine disaster</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPavlac2013" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Pavlac, Brian (18 October 2013). "Henry VI". In Emmerson, Richard K. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BhyOAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA323"><i>Key Figures in Medieval Europe: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. Routledge. p. 323. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-77519-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-77519-2"><bdi>978-1-136-77519-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Henry+VI&rft.btitle=Key+Figures+in+Medieval+Europe%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=323&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-10-18&rft.isbn=978-1-136-77519-2&rft.aulast=Pavlac&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBhyOAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+VI%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBausilio2018" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bausilio, Giovanni (19 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HcJHDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA51"><i>Re e regine di Napoli</i></a> (in Italian). Key Editore. p. 51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-6959-944-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-6959-944-6"><bdi>978-88-6959-944-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Re+e+regine+di+Napoli&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Key+Editore&rft.date=2018-01-19&rft.isbn=978-88-6959-944-6&rft.aulast=Bausilio&rft.aufirst=Giovanni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHcJHDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+VI%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmbra2022" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ambra, Sebastiano (18 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=apOWEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT79"><i>Breve storia di Catania</i></a> (in Italian). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Enrico+Dandolo+and+the+Rise+of+Venice&rft.pages=395&rft.pub=JHU+Press&rft.date=2006-09-29&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-9184-7&rft.aulast=Madden&rft.aufirst=Thomas+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAoQcEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+VI%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKitterickAbulafia1995" class="citation book cs1">McKitterick, Rosamond; Abulafia, David (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bclfdU_2lesC&pg=PA422"><i>The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 5, C.1198-c.1300</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 422. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-36289-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-36289-4"><bdi>978-0-521-36289-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Cambridge+Medieval+History%3A+Volume+5%2C+C.1198-c.1300&rft.pages=422&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-521-36289-4&rft.aulast=McKitterick&rft.aufirst=Rosamond&rft.au=Abulafia%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbclfdU_2lesC%26pg%3DPA422&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+VI%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbulafia2005" class="citation book cs1">Abulafia, David (24 November 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LYxt8vSf5CUC&pg=PA204"><i>The Two Italies: Economic Relations Between the Norman Kingdom of Sicily and the Northern Communes</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 204. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-02306-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-02306-1"><bdi>978-0-521-02306-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Two+Italies%3A+Economic+Relations+Between+the+Norman+Kingdom+of+Sicily+and+the+Northern+Communes&rft.pages=204&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005-11-24&rft.isbn=978-0-521-02306-1&rft.aulast=Abulafia&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLYxt8vSf5CUC%26pg%3DPA204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+VI%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIvetic2022" class="citation book cs1">Ivetic, Egidio (27 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q91xEAAAQBAJ&pg=PR11"><i>History of the Adriatic: A Sea and Its Civilization</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5095-5253-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5095-5253-5"><bdi>978-1-5095-5253-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Adriatic%3A+A+Sea+and+Its+Civilization&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2022-05-27&rft.isbn=978-1-5095-5253-5&rft.aulast=Ivetic&rft.aufirst=Egidio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq91xEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+VI%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicol1992118-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicol1992118_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicol1992">Nicol 1992</a>, p. 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchimmelpfennig2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schimmelpfennig, Bernhard (1 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UpIyFsXmQ1EC&pg=PA57"><i>Könige und Fürsten, Kaiser und Papst im 12. Jahrhundert</i></a> (in German). Oldenbourg Verlag. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-486-70255-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-486-70255-2"><bdi>978-3-486-70255-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=K%C3%B6nige+und+F%C3%BCrsten%2C+Kaiser+und+Papst+im+12.+Jahrhundert&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Oldenbourg+Verlag&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.isbn=978-3-486-70255-2&rft.aulast=Schimmelpfennig&rft.aufirst=Bernhard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUpIyFsXmQ1EC%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+VI%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlfred_Haverkamp" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Haverkamp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Haverkamp (page does not exist)">Alfred Haverkamp</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://file.upi.edu/Direktori/FPBS/JUR._PEND._BAHASA_JERMAN/196111101985031-AMIR/Bahan_Ajar_dan_Silabus_Deutsche_Geschichte_2010/Sailer_und_Staufer.pdf">"Hochmittelalter"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. UPI<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hochmittelalter&rft.pub=UPI&rft.au=Alfred+Haverkamp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffile.upi.edu%2FDirektori%2FFPBS%2FJUR._PEND._BAHASA_JERMAN%2F196111101985031-AMIR%2FBahan_Ajar_dan_Silabus_Deutsche_Geschichte_2010%2FSailer_und_Staufer.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+VI%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKölzer2006" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kölzer, Theo (2006). "Kaiserin Konstanze, Gemahlin Heinrichs VI.". In Fössel, Amalie (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=npnpAAAAMAAJ"><i>Frauen der Staufer</i></a> (in German). Gesellschaft für staufische Geschichte e.V. pp. 67–69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-929776-16-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-929776-16-4"><bdi>978-3-929776-16-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kaiserin+Konstanze%2C+Gemahlin+Heinrichs+VI.&rft.btitle=Frauen+der+Staufer&rft.pages=67-69&rft.pub=Gesellschaft+f%C3%BCr+staufische+Geschichte+e.V.&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-3-929776-16-4&rft.aulast=K%C3%B6lzer&rft.aufirst=Theo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnpnpAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+VI%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 1197, although "the well-prepared crusade of Emperor Henry VI aimed at winning the Holy Land, it also aimed at attaining the ancient goal of Norm[an] policy in the E[ast]: the conquest of the Byz[antine] Empire." See Werner Hilgemann and Hermann Kinder, <i>The Anchor Atlas of World History, Volume I: From the Stone Age to the Eve of the French Revolution</i>, trans. Ernest A. Menze (New York: Anchor Books, Doubleday, 1974), 153; "Henry pressed territorial and political claims against Constantinople, demanding territories the Normans had held in 1185 and using a remote family connection to pose as the avenger of the deposed emperor Isaac II. … even Pope Innocent III was frightened by the German emperor's claims of world domination. As events turned out, however, Henry died suddenly in 1197 before he could carry out his plans for eastward expansion." See Timothy E. Gregory, <i>A History of Byzantium</i> (Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2005), 273.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneidmüllerWeinfurter2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schneidmüller, Bernd; Weinfurter, Stefan (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DbytLiPcn4oC&dq=%22heinrich+vi.%22+Konstanze+malaria&pg=PA269"><i>Die deutschen Herrscher des Mittelalters: historische Portraits von Heinrich I. bis Maximilian I. (919-1519)</i></a> (in German). C.H.Beck. p. 269. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-406-50958-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-406-50958-2"><bdi>978-3-406-50958-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+deutschen+Herrscher+des+Mittelalters%3A+historische+Portraits+von+Heinrich+I.+bis+Maximilian+I.+%28919-1519%29&rft.pages=269&rft.pub=C.H.Beck&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-3-406-50958-2&rft.aulast=Schneidm%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Bernd&rft.au=Weinfurter%2C+Stefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDbytLiPcn4oC%26dq%3D%2522heinrich%2Bvi.%2522%2BKonstanze%2Bmalaria%26pg%3DPA269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+VI%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?place=Tomb%20of%20Emperor%20Henry%20VI">British Museum Collection</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPavlac2013323-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPavlac2013323_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPavlac2013">Pavlac 2013</a>, p. 323.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoenigsberger2014" class="citation book cs1">Koenigsberger, H. G. (14 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BSusAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA174"><i>Medieval Europe 400 - 1500</i></a>. Routledge. p. 174. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-87089-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-87089-0"><bdi>978-1-317-87089-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Europe+400+-+1500&rft.pages=174&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014-01-14&rft.isbn=978-1-317-87089-0&rft.aulast=Koenigsberger&rft.aufirst=H.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBSusAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+VI%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberic_of_Troisfontaines" class="mw-redirect" title="Alberic of Troisfontaines">Alberic of Troisfontaines</a>, <i>Chronicon</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Abulafia" title="David Abulafia">David Abulafia</a>, <i>Frederick II</i></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Hohenstaufen" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Hohenstaufen">House of Hohenstaufen</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 1165</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 1197</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick I</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Germany">King of Germany</a> </b><br />1169–1197 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Swabia" title="Philip of Swabia">Philip of Swabia</a> & <a href="/wiki/Otto_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto IV">Otto IV</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a><br /><a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy" title="King of Italy">King of Italy</a> </b><br />1191–1197 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Otto_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto IV">Otto IV</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_III_of_Sicily" title="William III of Sicily">William III</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">King of Sicily</a><br /><small>with <a href="/wiki/Constance_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Constance I">Constance I</a></small> </b><br />1194 –1197 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Constance_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Constance I">Constance I</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Holy_Roman_Emperors" title="Template:Holy Roman Emperors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Holy_Roman_Emperors" title="Template talk:Holy Roman Emperors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Holy_Roman_Emperors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Holy Roman Emperors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Holy_Roman_emperors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman emperors</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_I" title="Lothair I">Lothair I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Italy" title="Louis II of Italy">Louis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_III_of_Spoleto" title="Guy III of Spoleto">Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambert_of_Italy" title="Lambert of Italy">Lambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Carinthia" title="Arnulf of Carinthia">Arnulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Blind" title="Louis the Blind">Louis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berengar_I_of_Italy" title="Berengar I of Italy">Berengar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_the_Great" title="Otto the Great">Otto I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor">Conrad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor">Lothair III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Frederick I</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Henry VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Holy_Roman_Emperors" title="Category:Holy Roman Emperors">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Germany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Germany" title="Template:Monarchs of Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_Germany" title="Template talk:Monarchs of Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_monarchs" title="List of German monarchs">Monarchs of Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a> during the<br /> <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingian dynasty</a> (843–911)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_German" title="Louis the German">Louis the German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_of_Bavaria" title="Carloman of Bavaria">Carloman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Younger" title="Louis the Younger">Louis the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles the Fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Carinthia" title="Arnulf of Carinthia">Arnulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Child" title="Louis the Child">Louis the Child</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a> (911–919)<br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany" title="Kingdom of Germany">Kingdom of Germany</a> (919–962)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_I_of_Germany" title="Conrad I of Germany">Conrad I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Fowler" title="Henry the Fowler">Henry I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arnulf,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria">Arnulf</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_the_Great" title="Otto the Great">Otto I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany" title="Kingdom of Germany">Kingdom of Germany</a> within the<br /> <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> (962–1806)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_the_Great" title="Otto the Great">Otto I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor">Conrad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_of_Rheinfelden" title="Rudolf of Rheinfelden">Rudolf</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hermann_of_Salm" title="Hermann of Salm">Hermann</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II_of_Italy" title="Conrad II of Italy">Conrad (III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor">Lothair II/III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Germany" title="Conrad III of Germany">Conrad III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Berengar" title="Henry Berengar">Henry (VI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Frederick I</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Henry VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Swabia" title="Philip of Swabia">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_(VII)_of_Germany" title="Henry (VII) of Germany">Henry (VII)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_IV_of_Germany" title="Conrad IV of Germany">Conrad IV</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_Raspe" title="Henry Raspe">Henry (VIII)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_II_of_Holland" title="William II of Holland">William</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Cornwall" title="Richard of Cornwall">Richard</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile" title="Alfonso X of Castile">Alfonso</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Germany" title="Rudolf I of Germany">Rudolf I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Adolf, King of the Romans">Adolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_I_of_Germany" title="Albert I of Germany">Albert I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Fair" title="Frederick the Fair">Frederick (III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles IV</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_von_Schwarzburg" title="Günther von Schwarzburg">Günther</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_IV_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia">Wenceslaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Rupert, King of the Romans">Rupert</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jobst_of_Moravia" title="Jobst of Moravia">Jobst</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_II_of_Germany" title="Albert II of Germany">Albert II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolf II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans">Ferdinand IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Rhine" title="Confederation of the Rhine">Confederation of the Rhine</a> (1806–1813)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a> (1815–1848)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Ferdinand I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire_(1848%E2%80%931849)" title="German Empire (1848–1849)">German Empire</a> (1848/1849)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_John_of_Austria" title="Archduke John of Austria">Archduke John of Austria</a> <small>(Imperial Regent)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a> (1850–1866)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Franz Joseph I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_German_Confederation" title="North German Confederation">North German Confederation</a> (1867–1871)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_I,_German_Emperor" title="William I, German Emperor">William I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> (1871–1918)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_I,_German_Emperor" title="William I, German Emperor">William I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_German_Emperor" title="Frederick III, German Emperor">Frederick III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II" title="Wilhelm II">William II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kings_of_Italy_between_476_and_1556" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Antique_Kings_of_Italy" title="Template:Antique Kings of Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Antique_Kings_of_Italy" title="Template talk:Antique Kings of Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Antique_Kings_of_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Antique Kings of Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kings_of_Italy_between_476_and_1556" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy" title="King of Italy">Kings of Italy</a> between 476 and 1556</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-dynastic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odoacer" title="Odoacer">Odoacer <span style="font-size:85%;">(476–493)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg/100px-Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg/150px-Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg/200px-Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="810" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ostrogothic_Kingdom" title="Ostrogothic Kingdom">Ostrogoths</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodoric_the_Great" title="Theodoric the Great">Theodoric <span style="font-size:85%;">(493–526)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athalaric" title="Athalaric">Athalaric <span style="font-size:85%;">(526–534)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodahad" title="Theodahad">Theodahad <span style="font-size:85%;">(534–536)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitiges" title="Vitiges">Vitiges <span style="font-size:85%;">(536–540)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ildibad" title="Ildibad">Ildibad <span style="font-size:85%;">(540–541)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eraric" title="Eraric">Eraric <span style="font-size:85%;">(541)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totila" title="Totila">Totila <span style="font-size:85%;">(541–552)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teia" title="Teia">Teia <span style="font-size:85%;">(552–553)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Lombards" title="Kingdom of the Lombards">Lombards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alboin" title="Alboin">Alboin <span style="font-size:85%;">(568–572)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleph" title="Cleph">Cleph <span style="font-size:85%;">(572–574)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_the_Dukes" title="Rule of the Dukes"><i>Interregnum</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(574–584)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authari" title="Authari">Authari <span style="font-size:85%;">(584–590)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agilulf" title="Agilulf">Agilulf <span style="font-size:85%;">(590–616)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaloald" title="Adaloald">Adaloald <span style="font-size:85%;">(616–626)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arioald" title="Arioald">Arioald <span style="font-size:85%;">(626–636)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothari" title="Rothari">Rothari <span style="font-size:85%;">(636-652)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodoald" title="Rodoald">Rodoald <span style="font-size:85%;">(652–653)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aripert_I" title="Aripert I">Aripert I <span style="font-size:85%;">(653–661)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godepert" title="Godepert">Godepert <span style="font-size:85%;">(661–662)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perctarit" title="Perctarit">Perctarit <span style="font-size:85%;">(661–662)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimoald,_King_of_the_Lombards" title="Grimoald, King of the Lombards">Grimoald <span style="font-size:85%;">(662–671)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garibald" title="Garibald">Garibald <span style="font-size:85%;">(671)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perctarit" title="Perctarit">Perctarit <span style="font-size:85%;">(671–688)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunipert" title="Cunipert">Cunipert <span style="font-size:85%;">(688–689)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alahis" title="Alahis">Alahis <span style="font-size:85%;">(689)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunipert" title="Cunipert">Cunipert <span style="font-size:85%;">(689–700)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liutpert" title="Liutpert">Liutpert <span style="font-size:85%;">(700–702)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raginpert" title="Raginpert">Raginpert <span style="font-size:85%;">(701)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aripert_II" title="Aripert II">Aripert II <span style="font-size:85%;">(702–712)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansprand" title="Ansprand">Ansprand <span style="font-size:85%;">(712)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liutprand,_King_of_the_Lombards" title="Liutprand, King of the Lombards">Liutprand <span style="font-size:85%;">(712–744)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildeprand" title="Hildeprand">Hildeprand <span style="font-size:85%;">(744)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratchis" title="Ratchis">Ratchis <span style="font-size:85%;">(744–749)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aistulf" title="Aistulf">Aistulf <span style="font-size:85%;">(749–756)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desiderius" title="Desiderius">Desiderius <span style="font-size:85%;">(756–774)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne <span style="font-size:85%;">(774–814)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepin_of_Italy" title="Pepin of Italy">Pepin <span style="font-size:85%;">(781–810)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Italy" title="Bernard of Italy">Bernard <span style="font-size:85%;">(810–818)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_I" title="Lothair I">Lothair I <span style="font-size:85%;">(818–855)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Italy" title="Louis II of Italy">Louis I <span style="font-size:85%;">(855–875)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles II <span style="font-size:85%;">(875–877)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_of_Bavaria" title="Carloman of Bavaria">Carloman <span style="font-size:85%;">(877–879)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles III <span style="font-size:85%;">(879–887)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Carinthia" title="Arnulf of Carinthia">Arnulf <span style="font-size:85%;">(896–899)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratold_of_Italy" title="Ratold of Italy">Ratold <span style="font-size:85%;">(896)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-dynastic<br />(title disputed 887–933)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Unruochings" title="Unruochings">Unruochings</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Berengar_I_of_Italy" title="Berengar I of Italy">Berengar I <span style="font-size:85%;">(887–924)</span></a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Widonids" title="Widonids">Guideschi</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Guy_III_of_Spoleto" title="Guy III of Spoleto">Guy <span style="font-size:85%;">(889–894)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambert_of_Italy" title="Lambert of Italy">Lambert <span style="font-size:85%;">(891–897)</span></a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Elder_House_of_Welf" title="Elder House of Welf">Welfs</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_II_of_Burgundy" title="Rudolph II of Burgundy">Rudolph <span style="font-size:85%;">(922–933)</span></a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bosonids" title="Bosonids">Bosonids</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Blind" title="Louis the Blind">Louis II <span style="font-size:85%;">(900–905)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Italy" title="Hugh of Italy">Hugh <span style="font-size:85%;">(926–947)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_II_of_Italy" title="Lothair II of Italy">Lothair II <span style="font-size:85%;">(945–950)</span></a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Anscarids" title="Anscarids">Anscarids</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Berengar_II_of_Italy" title="Berengar II of Italy">Berengar II <span style="font-size:85%;">(950–963)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adalbert_of_Italy" title="Adalbert of Italy">Adalbert <span style="font-size:85%;">(950–963)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">Kingdom of Italy</a> within <br /> the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a><br /> (962–1556)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_the_Great" title="Otto the Great">Otto I <span style="font-size:85%;">(962–973)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto II <span style="font-size:85%;">(980–983)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto III <span style="font-size:85%;">(996–1002)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arduin_of_Ivrea" title="Arduin of Ivrea">Arduin I <span style="font-size:85%;">(1002–1014)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry II <span style="font-size:85%;">(1004–1024)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor">Conrad II <span style="font-size:85%;">(1026–1039)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III <span style="font-size:85%;">(1039–1056)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV <span style="font-size:85%;">(1056–1105)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II_of_Italy" title="Conrad II of Italy">Conrad II <span style="font-size:85%;">(1093–1101)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry V <span style="font-size:85%;">(1106–1125)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor">Lothair III (or II) <span style="font-size:85%;">(1125–1137)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Germany" title="Conrad III of Germany">Conrad III <span style="font-size:85%;">(1138–1152)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Frederick I <span style="font-size:85%;">(1154–1186)</span></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Henry VI <span style="font-size:85%;">(1186–1197)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto IV <span style="font-size:85%;">(1209–1212)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II <span style="font-size:85%;">(1212–1250)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VII <span style="font-size:85%;">(1311–1313)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV <span style="font-size:85%;">(1327–1347)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles IV <span style="font-size:85%;">(1355–1378)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund <span style="font-size:85%;">(1431–1437)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick III <span style="font-size:85%;">(1452–1493)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V <span style="font-size:85%;">(1530–1556)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Sicily" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Sicily" title="Template:Monarchs of Sicily"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_Sicily" title="Template talk:Monarchs of Sicily"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_Sicily" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of Sicily"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Sicily" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monarchs_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchs of Sicily">Monarchs of Sicily</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/County_of_Sicily" title="County of Sicily">County of Sicily</a> (1071–1130)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roger_I_of_Sicily" title="Roger I of Sicily">Roger I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_of_Sicily" title="Simon of Sicily">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_II_of_Sicily" title="Roger II of Sicily">Roger II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a> (1130–1816)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roger_II_of_Sicily" title="Roger II of Sicily">Roger II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_I_of_Sicily" title="William I of Sicily">William I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_II_of_Sicily" title="William II of Sicily">William II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tancred,_King_of_Sicily" title="Tancred, King of Sicily">Tancred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_III_of_Sicily" title="Roger III of Sicily">Roger III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_III_of_Sicily" title="William III of Sicily">William III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_I_of_Sicily" title="Constance I of Sicily">Constance I</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Henry I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_(VII)_of_Germany" title="Henry (VII) of Germany">Henry II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_IV_of_Germany" title="Conrad IV of Germany">Conrad I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conradin" title="Conradin">Conrad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred,_King_of_Sicily" title="Manfred, King of Sicily">Manfred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Anjou" title="Charles I of Anjou">Charles I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_II_of_Sicily" title="Constance II of Sicily">Constance II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_III_of_Aragon" title="Peter III of Aragon">Peter I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_II_of_Aragon" title="James II of Aragon">James I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III_of_Sicily" title="Frederick III of Sicily">Frederick II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_II_of_Sicily" title="Peter II of Sicily">Peter II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_King_of_Sicily" title="Louis, King of Sicily">Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Simple" title="Frederick the Simple">Frederick III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria,_Queen_of_Sicily" title="Maria, Queen of Sicily">Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_I_of_Sicily" title="Martin I of Sicily">Martin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_of_Aragon" title="Martin of Aragon">Martin II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Aragon" title="Ferdinand I of Aragon">Ferdinand I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_V_of_Aragon" title="Alfonso V of Aragon">Alfonso I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_II_of_Aragon" title="John II of Aragon">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon" title="Ferdinand II of Aragon">Ferdinand II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Castile" title="Joanna of Castile">Joanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Spain" title="Philip III of Spain">Philip II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Spain" title="Charles II of Spain">Charles III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_II" title="Victor Amadeus II">Victor Amadeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies">Ferdinand III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Counts_of_Lecce" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Counts_of_Lecce" title="Template:Counts of Lecce"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Counts_of_Lecce" title="Template talk:Counts of Lecce"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Counts_of_Lecce" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Counts of Lecce"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Counts_of_Lecce" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County_of_Lecce" title="County of Lecce">Counts of Lecce</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House of <a href="/wiki/Hauteville_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Hauteville family">Hauteville</a> <small>(1055–1194)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raynald,_Count_of_Lecce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raynald, Count of Lecce (page does not exist)">Raynald</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Godfrey_I,_Count_of_Lecce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Godfrey I, Count of Lecce (page does not exist)">Godfrey I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Godfrey_II,_Count_of_Lecce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Godfrey II, Count of Lecce (page does not exist)">Godfrey II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achard_II,_Count_of_Lecce" title="Achard II, Count of Lecce">Achard II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Godfrey_III,_Count_of_Lecce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Godfrey III, Count of Lecce (page does not exist)">Godfrey III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tancred,_King_of_Sicily" title="Tancred, King of Sicily">Tancred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_III_of_Sicily" title="William III of Sicily">William</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House of <a href="/wiki/Hohenstaufen" title="Hohenstaufen">Hohenstaufen</a> <small>(1194–1200)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_of_Biccari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert of Biccari (page does not exist)">Robert of Biccari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House of <a href="/wiki/Brienne" class="mw-redirect" title="Brienne">Brienne</a> <small>(1200–1205, 1266–1356)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_III,_Count_of_Brienne" title="Walter III, Count of Brienne">Walter I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh,_Count_of_Brienne" title="Hugh, Count of Brienne">Hugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_V,_Count_of_Brienne" title="Walter V, Count of Brienne">Walter II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_VI,_Count_of_Brienne" title="Walter VI, Count of Brienne">Walter III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House of <a href="/wiki/Enghien" title="Enghien">Enghien</a> <small>(1356–1393)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_of_Enghien_(died_1380)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John of Enghien (died 1380) (page does not exist)">John of Enghien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Enghien" title="Peter of Enghien">Peter of Enghien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Enghien" title="Mary of Enghien">Mary of Enghien</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House of <a href="/wiki/Orsini_family" title="Orsini family">Orsini</a> <small>(1393–1463)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raimondo_Orsini_del_Balzo,_Prince_of_Taranto" class="mw-redirect" title="Raimondo Orsini del Balzo, Prince of Taranto">Raimondo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dominus_(title)" title="Dominus (title)">dominus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_of_Naples" title="Ladislaus of Naples">Ladislaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Enghien" title="Mary of Enghien">Mary of Enghien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Antonio_Orsini_del_Balzo" title="Giovanni Antonio Orsini del Balzo">Giovanni Antonio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150953#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150953#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150953#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108372501">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/12618353">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/103061/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfCyXMRCtJPgx8cVxQcyd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118548298">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82161782">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15547170p">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15547170p">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20031106007&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4667474">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070545510">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/1542227318845">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810626951005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007262400905171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058614946706706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500355728">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/7525abea-529e-477b-b44b-a53293f766fb">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biografischportaal.nl/en/persoon/45720189">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="ENRICO VI di Svevia, imperatore, re dei Romani e di Sicilia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/enrico-vi-di-svevia-imperatore-re-dei-romani-e-di-sicilia_(Dizionario-Biografico)">Italian People</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118548298.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118548298">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/033202419">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/50035562">RISM</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&oldid=1259760819">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&oldid=1259760819</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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