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class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Moshe Gur</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122012895"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122012895/Physiological_differences_between_neurons_in_layer_2_and_layer_3_of_primary_visual_cortex_V1_of_alert_macaque_monkeys"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Physiological differences between neurons in layer 2 and layer 3 of primary visual cortex (V1) of alert macaque monkeys" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122012895/Physiological_differences_between_neurons_in_layer_2_and_layer_3_of_primary_visual_cortex_V1_of_alert_macaque_monkeys">Physiological differences between neurons in layer 2 and layer 3 of primary visual cortex (V1) of alert macaque monkeys</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Journal of Physiology</span><span>, May 1, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The physiological literature does not distinguish between the superficial layers 2 and 3 of the p...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The physiological literature does not distinguish between the superficial layers 2 and 3 of the primary visual cortex even though these two layers differ in their cytoarchitecture and anatomical connections. To distinguish layer 2 from layer 3, we have analysed the response characteristics of neurons recorded during microelectrode penetrations perpendicular to the cortical surface. Extracellular responses of single neurons to sweeping bars were recorded while macaque monkeys performed a fixation task. Data were analysed from penetrations where cells could be localized to specific depths in the cortex. Although the most superficial cells (depth, 145-371 microm; presumably layer 2) responded preferentially to particular stimulus orientations, they were less selective than cells encountered immediately beneath them (depth, 386-696 microm; presumably layer 3). Layer 2 cells had smaller spikes, higher levels of ongoing activity, larger receptive field activating regions, and less finely tuned selectivity for stimulus orientation and length than layer 3 cells. Direction selectivity was found only in layer 3. These data suggest that layer 3 is involved in generating and transmitting precise, localized information about image features, while the lesser selectivity of layer 2 cells may participate in top-down influences from higher cortical areas, as well as modulatory influences from subcortical brain regions.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122012895"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122012895"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122012895; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122012895]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122012895]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122012895; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='122012895']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 122012895, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=122012895]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":122012895,"title":"Physiological differences between neurons in layer 2 and layer 3 of primary visual cortex (V1) of alert macaque monkeys","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The physiological literature does not distinguish between the superficial layers 2 and 3 of the primary visual cortex even though these two layers differ in their cytoarchitecture and anatomical connections. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114788268"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788268/Inhibitory_mechanisms_contributing_to_stimulus_selectivity_are_enhanced_in_the_alert_monkey"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Inhibitory mechanisms contributing to stimulus selectivity are enhanced in the alert monkey" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111388189/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788268/Inhibitory_mechanisms_contributing_to_stimulus_selectivity_are_enhanced_in_the_alert_monkey">Inhibitory mechanisms contributing to stimulus selectivity are enhanced in the alert monkey</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Neuroscience Letters</span><span>, Nov 1, 1997</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="124bb53411e0f9030c59967f596d5415" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111388189,"asset_id":114788268,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111388189/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzYwOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114788268"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114788268"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788268; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114788267"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788267/Holographic_display_for_optical_retinal_prosthesis_design_and_validation"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Holographic display for optical retinal prosthesis: design and validation" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788267/Holographic_display_for_optical_retinal_prosthesis_design_and_validation">Holographic display for optical retinal prosthesis: design and validation</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Artificial optical stimulation of retinal neurons offers a potentially powerful approach towards ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Artificial optical stimulation of retinal neurons offers a potentially powerful approach towards the restoration of vision following photoreceptor loss in retinal degeneration. To better realize the potential of this approach, we introduced a holographic wavefront shaping method suitable for power-efficient patterned stimulation of retinal neurons. Here, to advance towards human translation of this technology, we develop and study a holographic interface with the human eye, designed to achieve cellular resolution stimulation in real-time. To this end, we first design and construct an optimized holographic display for high acuity optical retinal prosthesis. Next, we study different speckle-elimination strategies and adapt them to the projection of Sloan letters, a standard visual performance test. 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A special process is proposed for grading and automatically selecting the &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;best&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; features for specific recognition tasks. Ranking is based on a feature&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s calculated discriminating ability, such that a given class is separated from each and every other class by a given amount. The outcome is a net with less computational complexity than other neural nets, yet one which is more biologically plausible.The main motivation for constructing a reduced net is that the complex circuitry of the brain deals with a huge number of patterns, while a machine-based recognition system usually deals with a limited number of patterns. Results show that feature reduction is drastic and that very compact nets, of the order of tens of neurons, can be used to classify patterns, even in a noisy environment. Copyright 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114788264"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114788264"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788264; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788264]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788264]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788264; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='114788264']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 114788264, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=114788264]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":114788264,"title":"Efficient Biologically-based Pattern-recognizing Networks","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"A biologiclly-motivated classifying neural network which is based on the feature extraction scheme found in the visual cortex is suggested. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114788263"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788263/And_yet_it_moves_Perceptual_illusions_and_neural_mechanisms_of_pursuit_compensation_during_smooth_pursuit_eye_movements"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of And yet it moves: Perceptual illusions and neural mechanisms of pursuit compensation during smooth pursuit eye movements" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111388187/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788263/And_yet_it_moves_Perceptual_illusions_and_neural_mechanisms_of_pursuit_compensation_during_smooth_pursuit_eye_movements">And yet it moves: Perceptual illusions and neural mechanisms of pursuit compensation during smooth pursuit eye movements</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="05bfba560f10477563d2b911368276c4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111388187,"asset_id":114788263,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111388187/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzYwOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114788263"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114788263"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788263; 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During pursuit, the visual system \"compensates\" for the eye movements, and transforms image movements captured by the eye from retinal to extra-retinal coordinates, for world-centered perception and action. When this function is impaired such as in schizophrenia, subjects misattribute retinal movements generated by their own eye movements to external sources. Surprisingly, even in healthy subjects pursuit compensation is incomplete, and results in illusory perception of motion. Neurophysiological, psychophysical and imaging studies elucidated many aspects of the neural substrates of visual processing during pursuit, including where and how in the cortex visual and non-visual signals interact to produce extra-retinal perception of motion. Here we review current understanding of motion processing in the visual cortex during pursuit and its relation to perception, from a broad perspective drawing from electrophysiology, fMRI, psychophysics and computational modeling. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/114788262/Color_and_brightness_fade_out_in_the_ganzfeld_is_wavelength_dependent"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Color and brightness fade-out in the ganzfeld is wavelength dependent" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111388218/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788262/Color_and_brightness_fade_out_in_the_ganzfeld_is_wavelength_dependent">Color and brightness fade-out in the ganzfeld is wavelength dependent</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Vision Research</span><span>, 1989</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4a98a964b0760f035ba4c79f442957f4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" 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window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788262]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788262]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788262; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='114788262']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 114788262, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4a98a964b0760f035ba4c79f442957f4" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=114788262]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":114788262,"title":"Color and brightness fade-out in the ganzfeld is wavelength dependent","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","grobid_abstract":"A\u0026me-When watching a monochromatic Ganxfeld, three wavelength-related phenomena am perceived: (1) the field turns achromatic; (2) the initially bright field fades into a dark or a foggy, gray field; and (3) a sensation of an additional darkness is experienced upon light turn off. When a short wavelength is viewed, fading times are long and the sensation of additional darkness is strong while the inverse is true for long wavelengths viewing. At each wavelength, the magnitudes of all three phenomena are linearly related to the logarithm of the stimulus intensity. Possible physiological mechanisms underlying these phenomena are discussed.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1989,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Vision 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href="https://www.academia.edu/114788261/High_Response_Reliability_of_Neurons_in_Primary_Visual_Cortex_V1_of_Alert_Trained_Monkeys"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of High Response Reliability of Neurons in Primary Visual Cortex (V1) of Alert, Trained Monkeys" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111388162/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788261/High_Response_Reliability_of_Neurons_in_Primary_Visual_Cortex_V1_of_Alert_Trained_Monkeys">High Response Reliability of Neurons in Primary Visual Cortex (V1) of Alert, Trained Monkeys</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Cerebral Cortex</span><span>, Sep 8, 2005</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span 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$a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114788260"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788260/Time_and_frequency_analysis_of_simultaneously_recorded_corneal_and_non_corneal_electroretinogram"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Time and frequency analysis of simultaneously recorded corneal and non-corneal electroretinogram" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788260/Time_and_frequency_analysis_of_simultaneously_recorded_corneal_and_non_corneal_electroretinogram">Time and frequency analysis of simultaneously recorded corneal and non-corneal electroretinogram</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Biomedical Engineering</span><span>, Jul 1, 1979</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Electroretinograms (ERGs) were simultaneously recorded with corneal and non-corneal (lower or upp...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Electroretinograms (ERGs) were simultaneously recorded with corneal and non-corneal (lower or upper eye lid) electrodes in four healthy subjects. 64 traces of the non-corneal ERG were averaged. The two signals were compared in both time and frequency domains. The power spectrum of both signals was computed by the fast Fourier (FFT) and linear prediction (LP) algorithms. Except for amplitude differences, the two signals had almost identical time domain (a- and b-wave latencies) and frequency domain (dominant power spectrum peaks) parameters. It is concluded that non-corneal ERG does not differ significantly from corneal ERG, and that its clinical interpretation can be based on existing corneal ERG data.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114788260"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114788260"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788260; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788260]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788260]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788260; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='114788260']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 114788260, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=114788260]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":114788260,"title":"Time and frequency analysis of simultaneously recorded corneal and non-corneal electroretinogram","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Electroretinograms (ERGs) were simultaneously recorded with corneal and non-corneal (lower or upper eye lid) electrodes in four healthy subjects. 64 traces of the non-corneal ERG were averaged. The two signals were compared in both time and frequency domains. The power spectrum of both signals was computed by the fast Fourier (FFT) and linear prediction (LP) algorithms. Except for amplitude differences, the two signals had almost identical time domain (a- and b-wave latencies) and frequency domain (dominant power spectrum peaks) parameters. It is concluded that non-corneal ERG does not differ significantly from corneal ERG, and that its clinical interpretation can be based on existing corneal ERG data.","publisher":"Elsevier BV","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":7,"year":1979,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Biomedical Engineering"},"translated_abstract":"Electroretinograms (ERGs) were simultaneously recorded with corneal and non-corneal (lower or upper eye lid) electrodes in four healthy subjects. 64 traces of the non-corneal ERG were averaged. The two signals were compared in both time and frequency domains. The power spectrum of both signals was computed by the fast Fourier (FFT) and linear prediction (LP) algorithms. Except for amplitude differences, the two signals had almost identical time domain (a- and b-wave latencies) and frequency domain (dominant power spectrum peaks) parameters. It is concluded that non-corneal ERG does not differ significantly from corneal ERG, and that its clinical interpretation can be based on existing corneal ERG data.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114788260/Time_and_frequency_analysis_of_simultaneously_recorded_corneal_and_non_corneal_electroretinogram","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-02-12T00:08:14.323-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":47820922,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Time_and_frequency_analysis_of_simultaneously_recorded_corneal_and_non_corneal_electroretinogram","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":47820922,"first_name":"Moshe","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gur","page_name":"GurMoshe","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-04-27T02:23:16.336-07:00","display_name":"Moshe Gur","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GurMoshe"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":498,"name":"Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics"},{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering"},{"id":17721,"name":"Cornea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cornea"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":33069,"name":"Probability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Probability"},{"id":58906,"name":"Fourier Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fourier_Analysis"},{"id":59249,"name":"Computers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computers"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans"},{"id":83558,"name":"Erg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erg"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors"},{"id":588226,"name":"Fast Fourier Transform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fast_Fourier_Transform"},{"id":973975,"name":"Spectral Density","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spectral_Density"},{"id":1625072,"name":"Frequency Domain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Frequency_Domain"}],"urls":[{"id":39386728,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-5425(79)90038-4"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114788259"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788259/Perceptual_Fade_Out_Occurs_in_the_Binocularly_Viewed_Ganzfeld"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Perceptual Fade-Out Occurs in the Binocularly Viewed Ganzfeld" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111388213/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788259/Perceptual_Fade_Out_Occurs_in_the_Binocularly_Viewed_Ganzfeld">Perceptual Fade-Out Occurs in the Binocularly Viewed Ganzfeld</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Perception</span><span>, Oct 1, 1991</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0a5f788d5ceeee85b2a1f7d1037d18bd" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111388213,"asset_id":114788259,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111388213/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzYwOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114788259"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114788259"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788259; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788259]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788259]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788259; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='114788259']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 114788259, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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They suggested that monocularly perceived fading is caused by the eye in darkness suppressing the non-Ganzfeld-viewing eye. In the present paper, fade-out perception under monocular and binocular Ganzfeld viewing is compared, and the effect of the free eye on the Ganzfeld-viewing eye is tested directly. Results show that fading takes place under both monocular and binocular viewing. The data reenforce the view that transient inputs are necessary for maintaining visual perception. It is also shown that there are two Ganzfeldrelated phenomena-fade-out and blackout. Fade-out, a slow gradual loss of brightness and of saturation perception, is observed by all subjects under both monocular and binocular viewing, and is affected by the light intensity and wavelength. It is probably retinal in origin. Blackout, a brief intermittent loss of all visual sensation, is experienced by some subjects in the monocular Ganzfeld only and is not appreciably affected by the light intensity or wavelength. It may be caused by a central blocking of all input to the perceiving stage.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":10,"year":1991,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Perception","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":111388213},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114788259/Perceptual_Fade_Out_Occurs_in_the_Binocularly_Viewed_Ganzfeld","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-02-12T00:08:14.032-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":47820922,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":111388213,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111388213/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"p20064520240212-1-gwomk4.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111388213/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzYwOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Perceptual_Fade_Out_Occurs_in_the_Binocu.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/111388213/p20064520240212-1-gwomk4-libre.pdf?1707731539=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPerceptual_Fade_Out_Occurs_in_the_Binocu.pdf\u0026Expires=1732491209\u0026Signature=aDguRVumyGDcFExfxGOR0e7yeb6wV~GY9u1HreEsvChcJqIpMr9dzILqNi9cvRpbsrAdy7kf3sPmN4whQULXO6JLE6VJ3xioW1xVFirFTV0gfSI6filprw5OdbB0lipaZRlTwz-jusypGvqnCZ2WW5XfFo4A0PsJJpemwqfYrRXdEvPc~s2nXi0d-FS0zWZU7NMOkNFMuds60CB80Yhcs26HjdUCyF6vg7v0nr9kMOaxaMW8iw~4ekkDvrKpxhe7ZA2vweD4j-lWN6P0qSN-degbLngRkU0kLS~JrCHHwrhDnTHiaWh5JXVayvDVUTDG3KRLTNw3dtUmUSpZ2eobhg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Perceptual_Fade_Out_Occurs_in_the_Binocularly_Viewed_Ganzfeld","translated_slug":"","page_count":10,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":47820922,"first_name":"Moshe","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gur","page_name":"GurMoshe","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-04-27T02:23:16.336-07:00","display_name":"Moshe 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href="https://www.academia.edu/114788258/Refractive_State_of_the_Eye_of_a_Small_Diurnal_Mammal"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Refractive State of the Eye of a Small Diurnal Mammal" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111388190/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788258/Refractive_State_of_the_Eye_of_a_Small_Diurnal_Mammal">Refractive State of the Eye of a Small Diurnal Mammal</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Optometry and Vision Science</span><span>, Nov 1, 1979</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e1345dde632cc93c5d3b987ffc97bf97" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" 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dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114788257"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788257/Organization_of_striate_cortex_of_alert_trained_monkeys_Macaca_fascicularis_ongoing_activity_stimulus_selectivity_and_widths_of_receptive_field_activating_regions"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Organization of striate cortex of alert, trained monkeys (Macaca fascicularis): ongoing activity, stimulus selectivity, and widths of receptive field activating regions" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111388188/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788257/Organization_of_striate_cortex_of_alert_trained_monkeys_Macaca_fascicularis_ongoing_activity_stimulus_selectivity_and_widths_of_receptive_field_activating_regions">Organization of striate cortex of alert, trained monkeys (Macaca fascicularis): ongoing activity, stimulus selectivity, and widths of receptive field activating regions</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Neurophysiology</span><span>, Nov 1, 1995</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="34de670b35f121a0a537b62c6c1818e8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111388188,"asset_id":114788257,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" 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multiunit activity is encountered in an alternating sequence of silent and spontaneously active zones as an electrode is lowered through the striate cortex (Vl). 2. Individual neurons that are spontaneously active in the dark usually have a maintained discharge in the light. Because both types of discharge occur in the absence of deliberate stimulation, we call them the \"ongoing\" activity. The zones with ongoing activity correspond to the cytochrome oxidase (CytOx)-rich geniculorecipient layers 4A, 4C, and 6, whereas the adjacent layers 2/ 3, 4B, and 5 have little ongoing activity. 3. The widths of receptive field activating regions (ARs) are positively correlated with the cells' ongoing activity. Cells with larger ARs are preferentially located in the CytOx-rich (input) layers, and many are unselective for stimulus orientation. However,-90% of the cells in the silent layers are orientation selective, and they often have small ARs. 4. The laminar distribution of selectivity for orientation and direction of movement in alert animals is consistent with earlier results from anesthetized animals, but the laminar distribution of AR widths differs. In alert macaques, the ARs of direction-selective cells in layer 4B and of orientation-selective cells in layer 5 are among the smallest in Vl. 5. Our findings indicate that the input layers of Vl (4A, 4C, and 6) have a diversity of AR widths, including large ones. Cortical processing produces receptive fields in some of the output layers (4B and 5) that are restricted to small ARs with high resolution of spatial position. These results imply potent lateral and/or interlaminar interactions in alert animals in early cortical processing. 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vision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Binocular_vision"},{"id":22272,"name":"Neurophysiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurophysiology"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":49962,"name":"Visual Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Cortex"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals"},{"id":158333,"name":"Receptive Field","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Receptive_Field"},{"id":358226,"name":"Macaque","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macaque"},{"id":563992,"name":"Visual Fields","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Fields"},{"id":584606,"name":"Macaca fascicularis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macaca_fascicularis"},{"id":2002627,"name":"Striate 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class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788256/Spherical_Aberration_of_the_Lens_of_the_Ground_Squirrel_Spermophilis_Tridecemlineatus_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Spherical Aberration of the Lens of the Ground Squirrel (Spermophilis Tridecemlineatus)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788256/Spherical_Aberration_of_the_Lens_of_the_Ground_Squirrel_Spermophilis_Tridecemlineatus_">Spherical Aberration of the Lens of the Ground Squirrel (Spermophilis Tridecemlineatus)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics</span><span>, Jul 1, 1983</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Spherical aberration of the excised ground squirrel lens was measured by photographing the variat...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Spherical aberration of the excised ground squirrel lens was measured by photographing the variation in back vertex distance for parallel helium - neon laser beams of various separations. The results indicate high levels of negative spherical aberration in amounts similar to that measured earlier for the rat lens. The effect of the aberration on resolution ability is likely minimized by the small size of the ground squirrel pupil in diurnal conditions and possibly by the existence of positive corneal aberration.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114788256"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114788256"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788256; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788256]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788256]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788256; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='114788256']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 114788256, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=114788256]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":114788256,"title":"Spherical Aberration of the Lens of the Ground Squirrel (Spermophilis Tridecemlineatus)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Spherical aberration of the excised ground squirrel lens was measured by photographing the variation in back vertex distance for parallel helium - neon laser beams of various separations. The results indicate high levels of negative spherical aberration in amounts similar to that measured earlier for the rat lens. The effect of the aberration on resolution ability is likely minimized by the small size of the ground squirrel pupil in diurnal conditions and possibly by the existence of positive corneal aberration.","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":7,"year":1983,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics"},"translated_abstract":"Spherical aberration of the excised ground squirrel lens was measured by photographing the variation in back vertex distance for parallel helium - neon laser beams of various separations. The results indicate high levels of negative spherical aberration in amounts similar to that measured earlier for the rat lens. The effect of the aberration on resolution ability is likely minimized by the small size of the ground squirrel pupil in diurnal conditions and possibly by the existence of positive corneal aberration.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114788256/Spherical_Aberration_of_the_Lens_of_the_Ground_Squirrel_Spermophilis_Tridecemlineatus_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-02-12T00:08:13.227-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":47820922,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Spherical_Aberration_of_the_Lens_of_the_Ground_Squirrel_Spermophilis_Tridecemlineatus_","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":47820922,"first_name":"Moshe","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gur","page_name":"GurMoshe","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-04-27T02:23:16.336-07:00","display_name":"Moshe Gur","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GurMoshe"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":498,"name":"Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics"},{"id":516,"name":"Optics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optics"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":80221,"name":"Lasers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lasers"},{"id":98939,"name":"Pubmed","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pubmed"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals"},{"id":170675,"name":"Chromatic aberration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chromatic_aberration"},{"id":174717,"name":"Sciuridae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sciuridae"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences"},{"id":359001,"name":"Optometry and Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optometry_and_Ophthalmology"},{"id":535311,"name":"Spherical Aberration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spherical_Aberration"},{"id":548472,"name":"Optics and Photonics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optics_and_Photonics"},{"id":977817,"name":"Squirrel Monkey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Squirrel_Monkey"},{"id":1412232,"name":"Refractometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refractometry"}],"urls":[{"id":39386724,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1313.1983.tb00612.x"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114788255"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788255/Ultrastructure_within_the_Lateral_Plexus_of_the_Limulus_Eye"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Ultrastructure within the Lateral Plexus of the Limulus Eye" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111388161/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788255/Ultrastructure_within_the_Lateral_Plexus_of_the_Limulus_Eye">Ultrastructure within the Lateral Plexus of the Limulus Eye</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Journal of General Physiology</span><span>, Mar 1, 1972</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5d25843552abd20f6ae5032419131f37" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111388161,"asset_id":114788255,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111388161/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzYxMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114788255"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114788255"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788255; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788255]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788255]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788255; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='114788255']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 114788255, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5d25843552abd20f6ae5032419131f37" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=114788255]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":114788255,"title":"Ultrastructure within the Lateral Plexus of the Limulus Eye","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","grobid_abstract":"The ultrastructure of the lateral plexus in the compound eye of Limulus is investigated by serial section technique. \"Cores\" of tissue containing the axons, lateral plexus, and neuropile associated with one sensory ommatidium show the following features: (a) collateral branches from retinular cells do not contribute to the lateral plexus proper, but do form \"retinular neuropile\" by contacting collaterals of a self-contained cluster of retinular axons; (b) collateral branches from eccentric cell axons always branch repeatedly upon leaving the parent axon, and compose the bulk of the lateral plexus; (c) the most distal collateral branches from an eccentric cell axon appear to form neuropile and synaptic contacts with each other, whereas more proximal branches form synaptic contacts with collaterals from eccentric cell axons of neighboring ommatidia. We conclude that the ribbon synapses and associated transmitter substance in eccentric cell collaterals must be inhibitory, and that two pathways for self-inhibition may exist. We suggest, as a working hypothesis for the structure of the lateral plexus, a branching pattern with depth that mirrors the horizontal spread of lateral inhibition measured physiologically.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":3,"year":1972,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"The Journal of General Physiology","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":111388161},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114788255/Ultrastructure_within_the_Lateral_Plexus_of_the_Limulus_Eye","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-02-12T00:08:12.952-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":47820922,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":111388161,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111388161/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"285.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111388161/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzYxMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Ultrastructure_within_the_Lateral_Plexus.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/111388161/285-libre.pdf?1707731551=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUltrastructure_within_the_Lateral_Plexus.pdf\u0026Expires=1732491210\u0026Signature=Duu5SAwhabUg830cZiakO8cri2fiyOz04iTXdPiimplzjNTqlsy8nwbXuh2hnJWt9VGdzbgCffOMjTa~1dVuCTMz~8HIdl~kOYMN9palDTuqsu14T5UDPLpUTrl6p7yrB7T7-LG20S009jQ3s0OdctnuOmJSIh3Gi5GPjZCjautARr7sM5ZyWfZczd1RAfqbWEtBT2PpNKPTf1Fnk66AQIPR3-ygNbqYreCNyD04nC6xNH8ktDPyb56f~VL3bJ3vYWofUtb-k-ToZLpumIkfgQUuL33OQ0FPNFsqChy5dxrnAujdVALEEweAg09SjqEUAo4z5TX9GOYCs3xZJeWk8A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Ultrastructure_within_the_Lateral_Plexus_of_the_Limulus_Eye","translated_slug":"","page_count":20,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":47820922,"first_name":"Moshe","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gur","page_name":"GurMoshe","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-04-27T02:23:16.336-07:00","display_name":"Moshe Gur","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GurMoshe"},"attachments":[{"id":111388161,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111388161/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"285.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111388161/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzYxMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Ultrastructure_within_the_Lateral_Plexus.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/111388161/285-libre.pdf?1707731551=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUltrastructure_within_the_Lateral_Plexus.pdf\u0026Expires=1732491210\u0026Signature=Duu5SAwhabUg830cZiakO8cri2fiyOz04iTXdPiimplzjNTqlsy8nwbXuh2hnJWt9VGdzbgCffOMjTa~1dVuCTMz~8HIdl~kOYMN9palDTuqsu14T5UDPLpUTrl6p7yrB7T7-LG20S009jQ3s0OdctnuOmJSIh3Gi5GPjZCjautARr7sM5ZyWfZczd1RAfqbWEtBT2PpNKPTf1Fnk66AQIPR3-ygNbqYreCNyD04nC6xNH8ktDPyb56f~VL3bJ3vYWofUtb-k-ToZLpumIkfgQUuL33OQ0FPNFsqChy5dxrnAujdVALEEweAg09SjqEUAo4z5TX9GOYCs3xZJeWk8A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience"},{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology"},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology"},{"id":14076,"name":"Transmission Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transmission_Electron_Microscopy"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":54225,"name":"Axon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Axon"},{"id":54589,"name":"Anatomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anatomy"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals"},{"id":186234,"name":"Medical Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Physiology"},{"id":212476,"name":"Ultrastructure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrastructure"},{"id":216389,"name":"Lateral Inhibition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lateral_Inhibition"},{"id":245634,"name":"Eye","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye"},{"id":252687,"name":"Brachyura","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brachyura"},{"id":1182947,"name":"Axons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Axons"},{"id":1439670,"name":"General Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Physiology"}],"urls":[{"id":39386723,"url":"https://rupress.org/jgp/article-pdf/59/3/285/1245221/285.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114788254"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788254/Vision_Based_Tracking_System_for_Head_Motion_Correction_in_Fmri_Images"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Vision-Based Tracking System for Head Motion Correction in Fmri Images" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111388186/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788254/Vision_Based_Tracking_System_for_Head_Motion_Correction_in_Fmri_Images">Vision-Based Tracking System for Head Motion Correction in Fmri Images</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7ac7ef7a3ecba4dfe482ea4a623d1bfa" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111388186,"asset_id":114788254,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111388186/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzYxMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114788254"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114788254"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788254; 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In an fMRI experiment a subject is required to perform a task while his brain is scanned by an MRI scanner. In order to achieve a high quality analysis the fMRI slices should be aligned. Hence, the subject is requested to avoid head movements during the entire experiment. However, due to the long duration of such experiments head motion is practically unavoidable. Most of the previous work in this field addresses this problem by extracting the head motion parameters from the acquired MRI data. Therefore, these works are limited to relatively small movements and may confuse head motion with brain activities. In the present work the head movements are detected by a system comprised of two cameras that monitor a specially designed device worn on the subject's head. The system does not depend on the acquired MRI data and therefore can overcome large head movements. Additionally, the system can be extended to cope with inter-block motion and can be integrated into the MRI scanner for real-time updates of the scan-planes. The performance of the proposed system was tested in a laboratory environment and in fMRI experiments. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114788253"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788253/Response_Variability_of_Neurons_in_Primary_Visual_Cortex_V1_of_Alert_Monkeys"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Response Variability of Neurons in Primary Visual Cortex (V1) of Alert Monkeys" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111388160/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788253/Response_Variability_of_Neurons_in_Primary_Visual_Cortex_V1_of_Alert_Monkeys">Response Variability of Neurons in Primary Visual Cortex (V1) of Alert Monkeys</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Journal of Neuroscience</span><span>, Apr 15, 1997</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="250a2ebaf2c41bb5cd8fe0bcf2aca1d3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111388160,"asset_id":114788253,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111388160/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzYxMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114788253"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114788253"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788253; 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It is generally thought that response variability in the visual system increases at cortical levels, but the causes of the variability have not been identified. We have measured the response variability of neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) of alert monkeys. We recorded from 80 single cells distributed over all V1 layers and from 8 parvocellular cells of the lateral geniculate nucleus. All cells were stimulated with a bar of near-optimal orientation, color, and dimensions while continuously monitoring the eye movements of fixation. To minimize the effects of eye movements, responses that occurred while the eye was relatively steady were selected for analysis. The impulses elicited by each stimulus presentation were counted, and the variance and coefficient of variation were computed. Both measures of response variability were much lower than reported previously for V1 cells of both alert and anesthetized monkeys. Our data show that fixational eye movements cause a large component of response variance in alert monkeys. Moreover, the reliability of V1 neurons is not obviously degraded compared with lateral geniculate nucleus cells. The high reliability of neurons in alert monkeys is consistent with expectations from conventional biophysical models, and it suggests that activity in a modest number of neurons may suffice to form a perceptual decision.","publication_date":{"day":15,"month":4,"year":1997,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"The Journal of 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114788252"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788252/Anatomical_physiological_and_psychophysical_data_show_that_the_nature_of_conscious_perception_is_incompatible_with_the_integrated_information_theory_IIT_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Anatomical, physiological, and psychophysical data show that the nature of conscious perception is incompatible with the integrated information theory (IIT)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788252/Anatomical_physiological_and_psychophysical_data_show_that_the_nature_of_conscious_perception_is_incompatible_with_the_integrated_information_theory_IIT_">Anatomical, physiological, and psychophysical data show that the nature of conscious perception is incompatible with the integrated information theory (IIT)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Behavioral and Brain Sciences</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The integrated information theory (IIT) equates levels of consciousness with the amount of inform...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The integrated information theory (IIT) equates levels of consciousness with the amount of information integrated over the elements that constitute a system. Conscious visual perception provides two observations that contradict the IIT. First, objects are accurately perceived when presented for ≪100 ms during which time no neural integration is possible. Second, an object is seen as an integrated whole and, concurrently, all constituent elements are evident. Because integration destroys information about details, IIT cannot account for perceptual detail preservation.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114788252"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114788252"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788252; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788252]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788252]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788252; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='114788252']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 114788252, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=114788252]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":114788252,"title":"Anatomical, physiological, and psychophysical data show that the nature of conscious perception is incompatible with the integrated information theory (IIT)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The integrated information theory (IIT) equates levels of consciousness with the amount of information integrated over the elements that constitute a system. Conscious visual perception provides two observations that contradict the IIT. First, objects are accurately perceived when presented for ≪100 ms during which time no neural integration is possible. Second, an object is seen as an integrated whole and, concurrently, all constituent elements are evident. Because integration destroys information about details, IIT cannot account for perceptual detail preservation.","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},"translated_abstract":"The integrated information theory (IIT) equates levels of consciousness with the amount of information integrated over the elements that constitute a system. Conscious visual perception provides two observations that contradict the IIT. First, objects are accurately perceived when presented for ≪100 ms during which time no neural integration is possible. Second, an object is seen as an integrated whole and, concurrently, all constituent elements are evident. Because integration destroys information about details, IIT cannot account for perceptual detail preservation.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114788252/Anatomical_physiological_and_psychophysical_data_show_that_the_nature_of_conscious_perception_is_incompatible_with_the_integrated_information_theory_IIT_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-02-12T00:08:11.565-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":47820922,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Anatomical_physiological_and_psychophysical_data_show_that_the_nature_of_conscious_perception_is_incompatible_with_the_integrated_information_theory_IIT_","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":47820922,"first_name":"Moshe","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gur","page_name":"GurMoshe","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-04-27T02:23:16.336-07:00","display_name":"Moshe Gur","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GurMoshe"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"},{"id":236,"name":"Cognitive Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Psychology"},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science"},{"id":867,"name":"Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perception"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness"},{"id":12176,"name":"Information Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Integration"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":605488,"name":"Integrated Information Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Information_Theory"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences"}],"urls":[{"id":39386720,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x21001989"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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Within the conscious fi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Low-level consciousness is fundamental to our understanding of the world. Within the conscious field, the constantly changing external visual information is transformed into stable, object-based percepts. Remarkably, holistic objects are perceived while we are cognizant of all of the spatial details comprising the objects and of the relationship between individual elements. This parallel conscious association is unique to the brain. 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Within the conscious field, the constantly changing external visual information is transformed into stable, object-based percepts. Remarkably, holistic objects are perceived while we are cognizant of all of the spatial details comprising the objects and of the relationship between individual elements. This parallel conscious association is unique to the brain. Conscious contributions to motor activity come after our understanding of the world has been established.","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2016,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},"translated_abstract":"Low-level consciousness is fundamental to our understanding of the world. Within the conscious field, the constantly changing external visual information is transformed into stable, object-based percepts. Remarkably, holistic objects are perceived while we are cognizant of all of the spatial details comprising the objects and of the relationship between individual elements. This parallel conscious association is unique to the brain. Conscious contributions to motor activity come after our understanding of the world has been established.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114788250/Consciousness_weaves_our_internal_view_of_the_outside_world","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-02-12T00:08:11.037-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":47820922,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Consciousness_weaves_our_internal_view_of_the_outside_world","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":47820922,"first_name":"Moshe","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gur","page_name":"GurMoshe","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-04-27T02:23:16.336-07:00","display_name":"Moshe Gur","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GurMoshe"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"},{"id":236,"name":"Cognitive Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Psychology"},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences"}],"urls":[{"id":39386718,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x15002095"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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However, several lines of evidence suggest that the view of complex cells as a uniform class is oversimplified , since energy models do not capture many complex cell behaviors. In alert monkeys complex cells with strongly overlapping increment and decrement regions exhibit a considerable F1 modulation, and a subset of these cells have a relative modulation (RM=F1/F0) \u003e1. We have also found that most complex cells show profound dependence of the response form (harmonic content), and not only the amplitude, on grating parameters such as spatial and temporal frequency and size, displaying a variety of behaviors ranging from nonlinear unmodulated firing (F0) and frequency doubling (F2) to pseudolinear modulation (F1). One of the parsimonious explanations could be that at least some of these behaviors, e.g. F1 modulation, result from the imbalance of increment and decrement mechanisms such as incomplete spatial overlap and/or difference in amplitudes of the two regions. We tested this hypothesis using a model that approximates an apparent structure of complex receptive fields in our data by pooling two linear (increment and decrement) inputs with Gaussian spatial profile and same biphasic temporal response function. Model cells with various overlaps and amplitude ratios were stimulated with drifting gratings of different spatial frequencies. To quantify the measure of spatial (im)balance we computed a product of overlap index and amplitude ratio. In the model, maximal modulation increased with spatial imbalance, and the correlation for the two measures was high (r=-0.86, p\u003c0.01). However, the model consistently yielded lower RM values than those in the data. Moreover, weak insignificant correlation between RM and spatial imbalance in the data for complex cells (r=-0.15, p\u003e0.01) was inconsistent with model predictions. Thus, a static spatial imbalance of increment and decrement mechanisms cannot fully predict the presence of strong F1 harmonic in responses of complex cells. These results and effects of temporal frequency suggest that temporal properties of input channels and possibly the dynamics of interaction between them play an important role in shaping the responses of complex cells. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114788248"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788248/Blood_pressure_responses_as_an_indicator_of_the_anesthetic_level_in_ground_squirrels"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Blood pressure responses as an indicator of the anesthetic level in ground squirrels" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788248/Blood_pressure_responses_as_an_indicator_of_the_anesthetic_level_in_ground_squirrels">Blood pressure responses as an indicator of the anesthetic level in ground squirrels</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Applied Physiology</span><span>, Jun 1, 1976</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In many experiments in visual physiology which employ halothane anesthesia, it is difficult to ju...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In many experiments in visual physiology which employ halothane anesthesia, it is difficult to judge accurately an animal&amp;#39;s anesthetic state, particularly so because of the necessity for paralysis and artificial respiration. For the ground squirrel (Citellus tridecemlineatus and C. mexicanus), we find that measures of arterial pressure response to a noxious stimulus combined with mean arterial pressure allow for an accurate division of halothane anesthetic state into five stages. All five stages are identified and are the same regardless of whether the animal is unparalyzed or is paralyzed and artificially respired. Use of these measures in long-term experiments allows for recognition of and adjustment for small perturbations of anesthetic state that may occur even though inhaled halothane concentration remains constant.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114788248"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114788248"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788248; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788248]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788248]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788248; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='114788248']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 114788248, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=114788248]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":114788248,"title":"Blood pressure responses as an indicator of the anesthetic level in ground squirrels","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In many experiments in visual physiology which employ halothane anesthesia, it is difficult to judge accurately an animal\u0026amp;#39;s anesthetic state, particularly so because of the necessity for paralysis and artificial respiration. For the ground squirrel (Citellus tridecemlineatus and C. mexicanus), we find that measures of arterial pressure response to a noxious stimulus combined with mean arterial pressure allow for an accurate division of halothane anesthetic state into five stages. All five stages are identified and are the same regardless of whether the animal is unparalyzed or is paralyzed and artificially respired. Use of these measures in long-term experiments allows for recognition of and adjustment for small perturbations of anesthetic state that may occur even though inhaled halothane concentration remains constant.","publisher":"American Physiological Society","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":6,"year":1976,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},"translated_abstract":"In many experiments in visual physiology which employ halothane anesthesia, it is difficult to judge accurately an animal\u0026amp;#39;s anesthetic state, particularly so because of the necessity for paralysis and artificial respiration. For the ground squirrel (Citellus tridecemlineatus and C. mexicanus), we find that measures of arterial pressure response to a noxious stimulus combined with mean arterial pressure allow for an accurate division of halothane anesthetic state into five stages. All five stages are identified and are the same regardless of whether the animal is unparalyzed or is paralyzed and artificially respired. Use of these measures in long-term experiments allows for recognition of and adjustment for small perturbations of anesthetic state that may occur even though inhaled halothane concentration remains constant.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114788248/Blood_pressure_responses_as_an_indicator_of_the_anesthetic_level_in_ground_squirrels","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-02-12T00:08:10.474-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":47820922,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Blood_pressure_responses_as_an_indicator_of_the_anesthetic_level_in_ground_squirrels","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":47820922,"first_name":"Moshe","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gur","page_name":"GurMoshe","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-04-27T02:23:16.336-07:00","display_name":"Moshe Gur","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GurMoshe"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences"},{"id":88321,"name":"Blood Pressure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Pressure"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals"},{"id":129739,"name":"Anesthesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anesthesia"},{"id":131298,"name":"Heart rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heart_rate"},{"id":162147,"name":"Applied Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Physiology"},{"id":174717,"name":"Sciuridae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sciuridae"},{"id":202428,"name":"Respiration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Respiration"},{"id":467813,"name":"Reflex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reflex"},{"id":936573,"name":"Halothane","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Halothane"},{"id":1968557,"name":"Anesthetic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anesthetic"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences"}],"urls":[{"id":39386716,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1976.40.6.977"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="5117512" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122012895"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122012895/Physiological_differences_between_neurons_in_layer_2_and_layer_3_of_primary_visual_cortex_V1_of_alert_macaque_monkeys"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Physiological differences between neurons in layer 2 and layer 3 of primary visual cortex (V1) of alert macaque monkeys" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122012895/Physiological_differences_between_neurons_in_layer_2_and_layer_3_of_primary_visual_cortex_V1_of_alert_macaque_monkeys">Physiological differences between neurons in layer 2 and layer 3 of primary visual cortex (V1) of alert macaque monkeys</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Journal of Physiology</span><span>, May 1, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The physiological literature does not distinguish between the superficial layers 2 and 3 of the p...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The physiological literature does not distinguish between the superficial layers 2 and 3 of the primary visual cortex even though these two layers differ in their cytoarchitecture and anatomical connections. To distinguish layer 2 from layer 3, we have analysed the response characteristics of neurons recorded during microelectrode penetrations perpendicular to the cortical surface. Extracellular responses of single neurons to sweeping bars were recorded while macaque monkeys performed a fixation task. Data were analysed from penetrations where cells could be localized to specific depths in the cortex. Although the most superficial cells (depth, 145-371 microm; presumably layer 2) responded preferentially to particular stimulus orientations, they were less selective than cells encountered immediately beneath them (depth, 386-696 microm; presumably layer 3). Layer 2 cells had smaller spikes, higher levels of ongoing activity, larger receptive field activating regions, and less finely tuned selectivity for stimulus orientation and length than layer 3 cells. Direction selectivity was found only in layer 3. These data suggest that layer 3 is involved in generating and transmitting precise, localized information about image features, while the lesser selectivity of layer 2 cells may participate in top-down influences from higher cortical areas, as well as modulatory influences from subcortical brain regions.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122012895"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122012895"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122012895; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122012895]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122012895]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122012895; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='122012895']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 122012895, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=122012895]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":122012895,"title":"Physiological differences between neurons in layer 2 and layer 3 of primary visual cortex (V1) of alert macaque monkeys","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The physiological literature does not distinguish between the superficial layers 2 and 3 of the primary visual cortex even though these two layers differ in their cytoarchitecture and anatomical connections. To distinguish layer 2 from layer 3, we have analysed the response characteristics of neurons recorded during microelectrode penetrations perpendicular to the cortical surface. Extracellular responses of single neurons to sweeping bars were recorded while macaque monkeys performed a fixation task. Data were analysed from penetrations where cells could be localized to specific depths in the cortex. Although the most superficial cells (depth, 145-371 microm; presumably layer 2) responded preferentially to particular stimulus orientations, they were less selective than cells encountered immediately beneath them (depth, 386-696 microm; presumably layer 3). Layer 2 cells had smaller spikes, higher levels of ongoing activity, larger receptive field activating regions, and less finely tuned selectivity for stimulus orientation and length than layer 3 cells. Direction selectivity was found only in layer 3. These data suggest that layer 3 is involved in generating and transmitting precise, localized information about image features, while the lesser selectivity of layer 2 cells may participate in top-down influences from higher cortical areas, as well as modulatory influences from subcortical brain regions.","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":5,"year":2008,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"The Journal of Physiology"},"translated_abstract":"The physiological literature does not distinguish between the superficial layers 2 and 3 of the primary visual cortex even though these two layers differ in their cytoarchitecture and anatomical connections. To distinguish layer 2 from layer 3, we have analysed the response characteristics of neurons recorded during microelectrode penetrations perpendicular to the cortical surface. Extracellular responses of single neurons to sweeping bars were recorded while macaque monkeys performed a fixation task. Data were analysed from penetrations where cells could be localized to specific depths in the cortex. Although the most superficial cells (depth, 145-371 microm; presumably layer 2) responded preferentially to particular stimulus orientations, they were less selective than cells encountered immediately beneath them (depth, 386-696 microm; presumably layer 3). Layer 2 cells had smaller spikes, higher levels of ongoing activity, larger receptive field activating regions, and less finely tuned selectivity for stimulus orientation and length than layer 3 cells. Direction selectivity was found only in layer 3. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114788267"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788267/Holographic_display_for_optical_retinal_prosthesis_design_and_validation"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Holographic display for optical retinal prosthesis: design and validation" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788267/Holographic_display_for_optical_retinal_prosthesis_design_and_validation">Holographic display for optical retinal prosthesis: design and validation</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Artificial optical stimulation of retinal neurons offers a potentially powerful approach towards ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Artificial optical stimulation of retinal neurons offers a potentially powerful approach towards the restoration of vision following photoreceptor loss in retinal degeneration. To better realize the potential of this approach, we introduced a holographic wavefront shaping method suitable for power-efficient patterned stimulation of retinal neurons. Here, to advance towards human translation of this technology, we develop and study a holographic interface with the human eye, designed to achieve cellular resolution stimulation in real-time. To this end, we first design and construct an optimized holographic display for high acuity optical retinal prosthesis. Next, we study different speckle-elimination strategies and adapt them to the projection of Sloan letters, a standard visual performance test. Finally, we perform psycho-physical experiments on normally sighted individuals to characterize and validate the performance of our display, and provide evidence for the ability of subjects aided by the display to perform high-acuity demanding visual tasks in versatile spatial and temporal illumination conditions.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114788267"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114788267"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788267; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788267]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788267]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788267; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='114788267']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 114788267, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=114788267]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":114788267,"title":"Holographic display for optical retinal prosthesis: design and validation","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Artificial optical stimulation of retinal neurons offers a potentially powerful approach towards the restoration of vision following photoreceptor loss in retinal degeneration. To better realize the potential of this approach, we introduced a holographic wavefront shaping method suitable for power-efficient patterned stimulation of retinal neurons. Here, to advance towards human translation of this technology, we develop and study a holographic interface with the human eye, designed to achieve cellular resolution stimulation in real-time. To this end, we first design and construct an optimized holographic display for high acuity optical retinal prosthesis. Next, we study different speckle-elimination strategies and adapt them to the projection of Sloan letters, a standard visual performance test. Finally, we perform psycho-physical experiments on normally sighted individuals to characterize and validate the performance of our display, and provide evidence for the ability of subjects aided by the display to perform high-acuity demanding visual tasks in versatile spatial and temporal illumination conditions.","publication_date":{"day":19,"month":2,"year":2020,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Artificial optical stimulation of retinal neurons offers a potentially powerful approach towards the restoration of vision following photoreceptor loss in retinal degeneration. To better realize the potential of this approach, we introduced a holographic wavefront shaping method suitable for power-efficient patterned stimulation of retinal neurons. Here, to advance towards human translation of this technology, we develop and study a holographic interface with the human eye, designed to achieve cellular resolution stimulation in real-time. To this end, we first design and construct an optimized holographic display for high acuity optical retinal prosthesis. Next, we study different speckle-elimination strategies and adapt them to the projection of Sloan letters, a standard visual performance test. Finally, we perform psycho-physical experiments on normally sighted individuals to characterize and validate the performance of our display, and provide evidence for the ability of subjects aided by the display to perform high-acuity demanding visual tasks in versatile spatial and temporal illumination conditions.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114788267/Holographic_display_for_optical_retinal_prosthesis_design_and_validation","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-02-12T00:08:16.210-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":47820922,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Holographic_display_for_optical_retinal_prosthesis_design_and_validation","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":47820922,"first_name":"Moshe","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gur","page_name":"GurMoshe","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-04-27T02:23:16.336-07:00","display_name":"Moshe Gur","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GurMoshe"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering"},{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science"},{"id":43732,"name":"Retinal Prosthesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinal_Prosthesis"},{"id":74753,"name":"Holography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Holography"},{"id":1666403,"name":"SPIE","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SPIE"}],"urls":[{"id":39386733,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2546622"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114788264"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788264/Efficient_Biologically_based_Pattern_recognizing_Networks"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Efficient Biologically-based Pattern-recognizing Networks" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788264/Efficient_Biologically_based_Pattern_recognizing_Networks">Efficient Biologically-based Pattern-recognizing Networks</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Neural Networks</span><span>, Aug 1, 1996</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A biologiclly-motivated classifying neural network which is based on the feature extraction schem...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A biologiclly-motivated classifying neural network which is based on the feature extraction scheme found in the visual cortex is suggested. A special process is proposed for grading and automatically selecting the &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;best&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; features for specific recognition tasks. Ranking is based on a feature&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s calculated discriminating ability, such that a given class is separated from each and every other class by a given amount. The outcome is a net with less computational complexity than other neural nets, yet one which is more biologically plausible.The main motivation for constructing a reduced net is that the complex circuitry of the brain deals with a huge number of patterns, while a machine-based recognition system usually deals with a limited number of patterns. Results show that feature reduction is drastic and that very compact nets, of the order of tens of neurons, can be used to classify patterns, even in a noisy environment. Copyright 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114788264"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114788264"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788264; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788264]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788264]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788264; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='114788264']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 114788264, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=114788264]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":114788264,"title":"Efficient Biologically-based Pattern-recognizing Networks","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"A biologiclly-motivated classifying neural network which is based on the feature extraction scheme found in the visual cortex is suggested. A special process is proposed for grading and automatically selecting the \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;best\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; features for specific recognition tasks. Ranking is based on a feature\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s calculated discriminating ability, such that a given class is separated from each and every other class by a given amount. The outcome is a net with less computational complexity than other neural nets, yet one which is more biologically plausible.The main motivation for constructing a reduced net is that the complex circuitry of the brain deals with a huge number of patterns, while a machine-based recognition system usually deals with a limited number of patterns. Results show that feature reduction is drastic and that very compact nets, of the order of tens of neurons, can be used to classify patterns, even in a noisy environment. Copyright 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd","publisher":"Elsevier BV","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":8,"year":1996,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Neural Networks"},"translated_abstract":"A biologiclly-motivated classifying neural network which is based on the feature extraction scheme found in the visual cortex is suggested. A special process is proposed for grading and automatically selecting the \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;best\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; features for specific recognition tasks. Ranking is based on a feature\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s calculated discriminating ability, such that a given class is separated from each and every other class by a given amount. The outcome is a net with less computational complexity than other neural nets, yet one which is more biologically plausible.The main motivation for constructing a reduced net is that the complex circuitry of the brain deals with a huge number of patterns, while a machine-based recognition system usually deals with a limited number of patterns. Results show that feature reduction is drastic and that very compact nets, of the order of tens of neurons, can be used to classify patterns, even in a noisy environment. Copyright 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114788264/Efficient_Biologically_based_Pattern_recognizing_Networks","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-02-12T00:08:15.612-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":47820922,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Efficient_Biologically_based_Pattern_recognizing_Networks","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":47820922,"first_name":"Moshe","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gur","page_name":"GurMoshe","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-04-27T02:23:16.336-07:00","display_name":"Moshe Gur","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GurMoshe"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science"},{"id":465,"name":"Artificial Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Intelligence"},{"id":5109,"name":"Pattern Recognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pattern_Recognition"},{"id":11598,"name":"Neural Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_Networks"},{"id":26066,"name":"Neural Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_Network"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary"},{"id":43619,"name":"Feature Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feature_Selection"},{"id":160144,"name":"Feature Extraction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feature_Extraction"},{"id":988596,"name":"Neural Net","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_Net"},{"id":1211304,"name":"Artificial Neural Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Neural_Network"}],"urls":[{"id":39386732,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0893-6080(96)00014-7"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114788263"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788263/And_yet_it_moves_Perceptual_illusions_and_neural_mechanisms_of_pursuit_compensation_during_smooth_pursuit_eye_movements"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of And yet it moves: Perceptual illusions and neural mechanisms of pursuit compensation during smooth pursuit eye movements" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111388187/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788263/And_yet_it_moves_Perceptual_illusions_and_neural_mechanisms_of_pursuit_compensation_during_smooth_pursuit_eye_movements">And yet it moves: Perceptual illusions and neural mechanisms of pursuit compensation during smooth pursuit eye movements</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="05bfba560f10477563d2b911368276c4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111388187,"asset_id":114788263,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111388187/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzYxMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ4NzYwOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114788263"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114788263"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788263; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788263]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788263]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788263; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='114788263']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 114788263, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "05bfba560f10477563d2b911368276c4" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=114788263]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":114788263,"title":"And yet it moves: Perceptual illusions and neural mechanisms of pursuit compensation during smooth pursuit eye movements","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","grobid_abstract":"Pursuit eye movements are smooth rotations of the eye aimed at tracking moving objects. During pursuit, the visual system \"compensates\" for the eye movements, and transforms image movements captured by the eye from retinal to extra-retinal coordinates, for world-centered perception and action. When this function is impaired such as in schizophrenia, subjects misattribute retinal movements generated by their own eye movements to external sources. Surprisingly, even in healthy subjects pursuit compensation is incomplete, and results in illusory perception of motion. Neurophysiological, psychophysical and imaging studies elucidated many aspects of the neural substrates of visual processing during pursuit, including where and how in the cortex visual and non-visual signals interact to produce extra-retinal perception of motion. Here we review current understanding of motion processing in the visual cortex during pursuit and its relation to perception, from a broad perspective drawing from electrophysiology, fMRI, psychophysics and computational modeling. We discuss the experimental findings in the context of theories of pursuit compensation, and review some of the open questions in the field.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2012,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Neuroscience \u0026 Biobehavioral Reviews","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":111388187},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114788263/And_yet_it_moves_Perceptual_illusions_and_neural_mechanisms_of_pursuit_compensation_during_smooth_pursuit_eye_movements","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-02-12T00:08:15.069-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":47820922,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":111388187,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111388187/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"j.neubiorev.2011.05.00520240212-1-639srv.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111388187/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzYxMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ4NzYwOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"And_yet_it_moves_Perceptual_illusions_an.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/111388187/j.neubiorev.2011.05.00520240212-1-639srv-libre.pdf?1707731546=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAnd_yet_it_moves_Perceptual_illusions_an.pdf\u0026Expires=1732491209\u0026Signature=XQ5HuX3CGri-Bolwjf42N5a2Sv3g96S8MFaCKrjJdRcRoiozpq~g66rI~-6z~-BxsVAnAGhcnwtXGoDjWwpj9uiY4C1hJ-lk4i6LAJpnYnKYHEGi56BfkTL9dfzq57Z9EAYc~-QG8OH8AXnckXD7529S~DM3chypFsJaL3wVnvp-8c2O-od54F-9E9~uBPW2HlH0T5nLssZkVI-bx9PmSeNq789UFhknoMQmXqEAoffZSLFPpWt6hJd0FpEq3Xa8FnIJLzOFB01cCuFCkGdqGse2p9IJZ0oj4ukim4hqVvttdm2aQdl6xtXBlq6Z7hGCPBU89bNtdpwhIRGzdpDAow__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"And_yet_it_moves_Perceptual_illusions_and_neural_mechanisms_of_pursuit_compensation_during_smooth_pursuit_eye_movements","translated_slug":"","page_count":9,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":47820922,"first_name":"Moshe","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gur","page_name":"GurMoshe","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-04-27T02:23:16.336-07:00","display_name":"Moshe 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perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motion_perception"},{"id":22272,"name":"Neurophysiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurophysiology"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":52176,"name":"Brain Mapping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Mapping"},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans"},{"id":79122,"name":"Illusions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Illusions"},{"id":84202,"name":"Illusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Illusion"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals"},{"id":201381,"name":"Smooth Pursuit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Smooth_Pursuit"},{"id":453610,"name":"Eye Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movement"},{"id":2849038,"name":"photic stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/photic_stimulation"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences"},{"id":4134371,"name":"Visual Pathways","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Pathways"}],"urls":[{"id":39386731,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.05.005"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114788262"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788262/Color_and_brightness_fade_out_in_the_ganzfeld_is_wavelength_dependent"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Color and brightness fade-out in the ganzfeld is wavelength dependent" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111388218/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788262/Color_and_brightness_fade_out_in_the_ganzfeld_is_wavelength_dependent">Color and brightness fade-out in the ganzfeld is wavelength dependent</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Vision Research</span><span>, 1989</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4a98a964b0760f035ba4c79f442957f4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" 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workId = 114788262; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788262]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788262]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788262; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='114788262']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 114788262, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4a98a964b0760f035ba4c79f442957f4" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=114788262]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":114788262,"title":"Color and brightness fade-out in the ganzfeld is wavelength dependent","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","grobid_abstract":"A\u0026me-When watching a monochromatic Ganxfeld, three wavelength-related phenomena am perceived: (1) the field turns achromatic; (2) the initially bright field fades into a dark or a foggy, gray field; and (3) a sensation of an additional darkness is experienced upon light turn off. When a short wavelength is viewed, fading times are long and the sensation of additional darkness is strong while the inverse is true for long wavelengths viewing. At each wavelength, the magnitudes of all three phenomena are linearly related to the logarithm of the stimulus intensity. Possible physiological mechanisms underlying these phenomena are discussed.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1989,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Vision 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href="https://www.academia.edu/114788261/High_Response_Reliability_of_Neurons_in_Primary_Visual_Cortex_V1_of_Alert_Trained_Monkeys"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of High Response Reliability of Neurons in Primary Visual Cortex (V1) of Alert, Trained Monkeys" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111388162/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788261/High_Response_Reliability_of_Neurons_in_Primary_Visual_Cortex_V1_of_Alert_Trained_Monkeys">High Response Reliability of Neurons in Primary Visual Cortex (V1) of Alert, Trained Monkeys</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Cerebral Cortex</span><span>, Sep 8, 2005</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span 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Studies of anesthetized animals have indicated that neuronal responses become progressively more variable as information travels from the retina to the cortex. These results have been interpreted to indicate that perception must be based on pooling across relatively large numbers of cells. However, we find that in alert monkeys, responses in primary visual cortex (V1) are as reliable as the inputs from the retina and the thalamus. Moreover, when the effects of fixational eye movements were minimized, response variability (variance/mean-Fano factor, FF) in all V1 layers was low. When presenting optimal stimuli, the median FF was 0.3. High variability, FF~1, was found only near threshold. Our results suggest that in natural vision, suprathreshold perception can be based on small numbers of optimally stimulated cells.","publication_date":{"day":8,"month":9,"year":2005,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Cerebral 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$a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114788260"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788260/Time_and_frequency_analysis_of_simultaneously_recorded_corneal_and_non_corneal_electroretinogram"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Time and frequency analysis of simultaneously recorded corneal and non-corneal electroretinogram" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788260/Time_and_frequency_analysis_of_simultaneously_recorded_corneal_and_non_corneal_electroretinogram">Time and frequency analysis of simultaneously recorded corneal and non-corneal electroretinogram</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Biomedical Engineering</span><span>, Jul 1, 1979</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Electroretinograms (ERGs) were simultaneously recorded with corneal and non-corneal (lower or upp...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Electroretinograms (ERGs) were simultaneously recorded with corneal and non-corneal (lower or upper eye lid) electrodes in four healthy subjects. 64 traces of the non-corneal ERG were averaged. The two signals were compared in both time and frequency domains. The power spectrum of both signals was computed by the fast Fourier (FFT) and linear prediction (LP) algorithms. Except for amplitude differences, the two signals had almost identical time domain (a- and b-wave latencies) and frequency domain (dominant power spectrum peaks) parameters. It is concluded that non-corneal ERG does not differ significantly from corneal ERG, and that its clinical interpretation can be based on existing corneal ERG data.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114788260"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114788260"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788260; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788260]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788260]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788260; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='114788260']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 114788260, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=114788260]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":114788260,"title":"Time and frequency analysis of simultaneously recorded corneal and non-corneal electroretinogram","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Electroretinograms (ERGs) were simultaneously recorded with corneal and non-corneal (lower or upper eye lid) electrodes in four healthy subjects. 64 traces of the non-corneal ERG were averaged. The two signals were compared in both time and frequency domains. The power spectrum of both signals was computed by the fast Fourier (FFT) and linear prediction (LP) algorithms. Except for amplitude differences, the two signals had almost identical time domain (a- and b-wave latencies) and frequency domain (dominant power spectrum peaks) parameters. It is concluded that non-corneal ERG does not differ significantly from corneal ERG, and that its clinical interpretation can be based on existing corneal ERG data.","publisher":"Elsevier BV","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":7,"year":1979,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Biomedical Engineering"},"translated_abstract":"Electroretinograms (ERGs) were simultaneously recorded with corneal and non-corneal (lower or upper eye lid) electrodes in four healthy subjects. 64 traces of the non-corneal ERG were averaged. The two signals were compared in both time and frequency domains. The power spectrum of both signals was computed by the fast Fourier (FFT) and linear prediction (LP) algorithms. Except for amplitude differences, the two signals had almost identical time domain (a- and b-wave latencies) and frequency domain (dominant power spectrum peaks) parameters. It is concluded that non-corneal ERG does not differ significantly from corneal ERG, and that its clinical interpretation can be based on existing corneal ERG data.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114788260/Time_and_frequency_analysis_of_simultaneously_recorded_corneal_and_non_corneal_electroretinogram","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-02-12T00:08:14.323-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":47820922,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Time_and_frequency_analysis_of_simultaneously_recorded_corneal_and_non_corneal_electroretinogram","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":47820922,"first_name":"Moshe","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gur","page_name":"GurMoshe","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-04-27T02:23:16.336-07:00","display_name":"Moshe Gur","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GurMoshe"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":498,"name":"Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics"},{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering"},{"id":17721,"name":"Cornea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cornea"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":33069,"name":"Probability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Probability"},{"id":58906,"name":"Fourier Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fourier_Analysis"},{"id":59249,"name":"Computers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computers"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans"},{"id":83558,"name":"Erg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erg"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors"},{"id":588226,"name":"Fast Fourier Transform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fast_Fourier_Transform"},{"id":973975,"name":"Spectral Density","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spectral_Density"},{"id":1625072,"name":"Frequency Domain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Frequency_Domain"}],"urls":[{"id":39386728,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-5425(79)90038-4"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114788259"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788259/Perceptual_Fade_Out_Occurs_in_the_Binocularly_Viewed_Ganzfeld"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Perceptual Fade-Out Occurs in the Binocularly Viewed Ganzfeld" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111388213/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788259/Perceptual_Fade_Out_Occurs_in_the_Binocularly_Viewed_Ganzfeld">Perceptual Fade-Out Occurs in the Binocularly Viewed Ganzfeld</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Perception</span><span>, Oct 1, 1991</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0a5f788d5ceeee85b2a1f7d1037d18bd" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111388213,"asset_id":114788259,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111388213/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzYxMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ4NzYwOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114788259"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114788259"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788259; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788259]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788259]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788259; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='114788259']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 114788259, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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They suggested that monocularly perceived fading is caused by the eye in darkness suppressing the non-Ganzfeld-viewing eye. In the present paper, fade-out perception under monocular and binocular Ganzfeld viewing is compared, and the effect of the free eye on the Ganzfeld-viewing eye is tested directly. Results show that fading takes place under both monocular and binocular viewing. The data reenforce the view that transient inputs are necessary for maintaining visual perception. It is also shown that there are two Ganzfeldrelated phenomena-fade-out and blackout. Fade-out, a slow gradual loss of brightness and of saturation perception, is observed by all subjects under both monocular and binocular viewing, and is affected by the light intensity and wavelength. It is probably retinal in origin. Blackout, a brief intermittent loss of all visual sensation, is experienced by some subjects in the monocular Ganzfeld only and is not appreciably affected by the light intensity or wavelength. It may be caused by a central blocking of all input to the perceiving stage.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":10,"year":1991,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Perception","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":111388213},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114788259/Perceptual_Fade_Out_Occurs_in_the_Binocularly_Viewed_Ganzfeld","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-02-12T00:08:14.032-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":47820922,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":111388213,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111388213/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"p20064520240212-1-gwomk4.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111388213/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzYxMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ4NzYwOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Perceptual_Fade_Out_Occurs_in_the_Binocu.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/111388213/p20064520240212-1-gwomk4-libre.pdf?1707731539=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPerceptual_Fade_Out_Occurs_in_the_Binocu.pdf\u0026Expires=1732491209\u0026Signature=aDguRVumyGDcFExfxGOR0e7yeb6wV~GY9u1HreEsvChcJqIpMr9dzILqNi9cvRpbsrAdy7kf3sPmN4whQULXO6JLE6VJ3xioW1xVFirFTV0gfSI6filprw5OdbB0lipaZRlTwz-jusypGvqnCZ2WW5XfFo4A0PsJJpemwqfYrRXdEvPc~s2nXi0d-FS0zWZU7NMOkNFMuds60CB80Yhcs26HjdUCyF6vg7v0nr9kMOaxaMW8iw~4ekkDvrKpxhe7ZA2vweD4j-lWN6P0qSN-degbLngRkU0kLS~JrCHHwrhDnTHiaWh5JXVayvDVUTDG3KRLTNw3dtUmUSpZ2eobhg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Perceptual_Fade_Out_Occurs_in_the_Binocularly_Viewed_Ganzfeld","translated_slug":"","page_count":10,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":47820922,"first_name":"Moshe","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gur","page_name":"GurMoshe","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-04-27T02:23:16.336-07:00","display_name":"Moshe 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Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Color_Perception"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans"},{"id":128057,"name":"Light","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Light"},{"id":394507,"name":"Wavelength","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wavelength"},{"id":626453,"name":"Monocular Vision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monocular_Vision"},{"id":729430,"name":"Saturation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saturation"}],"urls":[{"id":39386727,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1068/p200645"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114788258"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788258/Refractive_State_of_the_Eye_of_a_Small_Diurnal_Mammal"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Refractive State of the Eye of a Small Diurnal Mammal" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111388190/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788258/Refractive_State_of_the_Eye_of_a_Small_Diurnal_Mammal">Refractive State of the Eye of a Small Diurnal Mammal</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Optometry and Vision Science</span><span>, Nov 1, 1979</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e1345dde632cc93c5d3b987ffc97bf97" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" 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dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114788257"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788257/Organization_of_striate_cortex_of_alert_trained_monkeys_Macaca_fascicularis_ongoing_activity_stimulus_selectivity_and_widths_of_receptive_field_activating_regions"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Organization of striate cortex of alert, trained monkeys (Macaca fascicularis): ongoing activity, stimulus selectivity, and widths of receptive field activating regions" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111388188/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788257/Organization_of_striate_cortex_of_alert_trained_monkeys_Macaca_fascicularis_ongoing_activity_stimulus_selectivity_and_widths_of_receptive_field_activating_regions">Organization of striate cortex of alert, trained monkeys (Macaca fascicularis): ongoing activity, stimulus selectivity, and widths of receptive field activating regions</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Neurophysiology</span><span>, Nov 1, 1995</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="34de670b35f121a0a537b62c6c1818e8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111388188,"asset_id":114788257,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" 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multiunit activity is encountered in an alternating sequence of silent and spontaneously active zones as an electrode is lowered through the striate cortex (Vl). 2. Individual neurons that are spontaneously active in the dark usually have a maintained discharge in the light. Because both types of discharge occur in the absence of deliberate stimulation, we call them the \"ongoing\" activity. The zones with ongoing activity correspond to the cytochrome oxidase (CytOx)-rich geniculorecipient layers 4A, 4C, and 6, whereas the adjacent layers 2/ 3, 4B, and 5 have little ongoing activity. 3. The widths of receptive field activating regions (ARs) are positively correlated with the cells' ongoing activity. Cells with larger ARs are preferentially located in the CytOx-rich (input) layers, and many are unselective for stimulus orientation. However,-90% of the cells in the silent layers are orientation selective, and they often have small ARs. 4. The laminar distribution of selectivity for orientation and direction of movement in alert animals is consistent with earlier results from anesthetized animals, but the laminar distribution of AR widths differs. In alert macaques, the ARs of direction-selective cells in layer 4B and of orientation-selective cells in layer 5 are among the smallest in Vl. 5. Our findings indicate that the input layers of Vl (4A, 4C, and 6) have a diversity of AR widths, including large ones. Cortical processing produces receptive fields in some of the output layers (4B and 5) that are restricted to small ARs with high resolution of spatial position. These results imply potent lateral and/or interlaminar interactions in alert animals in early cortical processing. The diversity of AR widths generated in Vl may contribute to detection of fine detail in the presence of contrasting backgrounds-the early stages of figure-ground discrimination.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":11,"year":1995,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of 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vision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Binocular_vision"},{"id":22272,"name":"Neurophysiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurophysiology"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":49962,"name":"Visual Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Cortex"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals"},{"id":158333,"name":"Receptive Field","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Receptive_Field"},{"id":358226,"name":"Macaque","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macaque"},{"id":563992,"name":"Visual Fields","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Fields"},{"id":584606,"name":"Macaca fascicularis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macaca_fascicularis"},{"id":2002627,"name":"Striate 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class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788256/Spherical_Aberration_of_the_Lens_of_the_Ground_Squirrel_Spermophilis_Tridecemlineatus_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Spherical Aberration of the Lens of the Ground Squirrel (Spermophilis Tridecemlineatus)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788256/Spherical_Aberration_of_the_Lens_of_the_Ground_Squirrel_Spermophilis_Tridecemlineatus_">Spherical Aberration of the Lens of the Ground Squirrel (Spermophilis Tridecemlineatus)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics</span><span>, Jul 1, 1983</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Spherical aberration of the excised ground squirrel lens was measured by photographing the variat...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Spherical aberration of the excised ground squirrel lens was measured by photographing the variation in back vertex distance for parallel helium - neon laser beams of various separations. The results indicate high levels of negative spherical aberration in amounts similar to that measured earlier for the rat lens. The effect of the aberration on resolution ability is likely minimized by the small size of the ground squirrel pupil in diurnal conditions and possibly by the existence of positive corneal aberration.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114788256"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114788256"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788256; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788256]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788256]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788256; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='114788256']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 114788256, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=114788256]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":114788256,"title":"Spherical Aberration of the Lens of the Ground Squirrel (Spermophilis Tridecemlineatus)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Spherical aberration of the excised ground squirrel lens was measured by photographing the variation in back vertex distance for parallel helium - neon laser beams of various separations. The results indicate high levels of negative spherical aberration in amounts similar to that measured earlier for the rat lens. The effect of the aberration on resolution ability is likely minimized by the small size of the ground squirrel pupil in diurnal conditions and possibly by the existence of positive corneal aberration.","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":7,"year":1983,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics"},"translated_abstract":"Spherical aberration of the excised ground squirrel lens was measured by photographing the variation in back vertex distance for parallel helium - neon laser beams of various separations. The results indicate high levels of negative spherical aberration in amounts similar to that measured earlier for the rat lens. The effect of the aberration on resolution ability is likely minimized by the small size of the ground squirrel pupil in diurnal conditions and possibly by the existence of positive corneal aberration.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114788256/Spherical_Aberration_of_the_Lens_of_the_Ground_Squirrel_Spermophilis_Tridecemlineatus_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-02-12T00:08:13.227-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":47820922,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Spherical_Aberration_of_the_Lens_of_the_Ground_Squirrel_Spermophilis_Tridecemlineatus_","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":47820922,"first_name":"Moshe","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gur","page_name":"GurMoshe","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-04-27T02:23:16.336-07:00","display_name":"Moshe Gur","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GurMoshe"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":498,"name":"Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics"},{"id":516,"name":"Optics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optics"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":80221,"name":"Lasers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lasers"},{"id":98939,"name":"Pubmed","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pubmed"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals"},{"id":170675,"name":"Chromatic aberration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chromatic_aberration"},{"id":174717,"name":"Sciuridae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sciuridae"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences"},{"id":359001,"name":"Optometry and Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optometry_and_Ophthalmology"},{"id":535311,"name":"Spherical Aberration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spherical_Aberration"},{"id":548472,"name":"Optics and Photonics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optics_and_Photonics"},{"id":977817,"name":"Squirrel Monkey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Squirrel_Monkey"},{"id":1412232,"name":"Refractometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refractometry"}],"urls":[{"id":39386724,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1313.1983.tb00612.x"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114788255"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788255/Ultrastructure_within_the_Lateral_Plexus_of_the_Limulus_Eye"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Ultrastructure within the Lateral Plexus of the Limulus Eye" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111388161/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788255/Ultrastructure_within_the_Lateral_Plexus_of_the_Limulus_Eye">Ultrastructure within the Lateral Plexus of the Limulus Eye</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Journal of General Physiology</span><span>, Mar 1, 1972</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5d25843552abd20f6ae5032419131f37" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111388161,"asset_id":114788255,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111388161/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzYxMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ4NzYxMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114788255"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114788255"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788255; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788255]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788255]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788255; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='114788255']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 114788255, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5d25843552abd20f6ae5032419131f37" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=114788255]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":114788255,"title":"Ultrastructure within the Lateral Plexus of the Limulus Eye","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","grobid_abstract":"The ultrastructure of the lateral plexus in the compound eye of Limulus is investigated by serial section technique. \"Cores\" of tissue containing the axons, lateral plexus, and neuropile associated with one sensory ommatidium show the following features: (a) collateral branches from retinular cells do not contribute to the lateral plexus proper, but do form \"retinular neuropile\" by contacting collaterals of a self-contained cluster of retinular axons; (b) collateral branches from eccentric cell axons always branch repeatedly upon leaving the parent axon, and compose the bulk of the lateral plexus; (c) the most distal collateral branches from an eccentric cell axon appear to form neuropile and synaptic contacts with each other, whereas more proximal branches form synaptic contacts with collaterals from eccentric cell axons of neighboring ommatidia. We conclude that the ribbon synapses and associated transmitter substance in eccentric cell collaterals must be inhibitory, and that two pathways for self-inhibition may exist. We suggest, as a working hypothesis for the structure of the lateral plexus, a branching pattern with depth that mirrors the horizontal spread of lateral inhibition measured physiologically.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":3,"year":1972,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"The Journal of General Physiology","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":111388161},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114788255/Ultrastructure_within_the_Lateral_Plexus_of_the_Limulus_Eye","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-02-12T00:08:12.952-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":47820922,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":111388161,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111388161/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"285.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111388161/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzYxMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ4NzYxMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Ultrastructure_within_the_Lateral_Plexus.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/111388161/285-libre.pdf?1707731551=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUltrastructure_within_the_Lateral_Plexus.pdf\u0026Expires=1732491210\u0026Signature=Duu5SAwhabUg830cZiakO8cri2fiyOz04iTXdPiimplzjNTqlsy8nwbXuh2hnJWt9VGdzbgCffOMjTa~1dVuCTMz~8HIdl~kOYMN9palDTuqsu14T5UDPLpUTrl6p7yrB7T7-LG20S009jQ3s0OdctnuOmJSIh3Gi5GPjZCjautARr7sM5ZyWfZczd1RAfqbWEtBT2PpNKPTf1Fnk66AQIPR3-ygNbqYreCNyD04nC6xNH8ktDPyb56f~VL3bJ3vYWofUtb-k-ToZLpumIkfgQUuL33OQ0FPNFsqChy5dxrnAujdVALEEweAg09SjqEUAo4z5TX9GOYCs3xZJeWk8A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Ultrastructure_within_the_Lateral_Plexus_of_the_Limulus_Eye","translated_slug":"","page_count":20,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":47820922,"first_name":"Moshe","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gur","page_name":"GurMoshe","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-04-27T02:23:16.336-07:00","display_name":"Moshe Gur","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GurMoshe"},"attachments":[{"id":111388161,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111388161/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"285.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111388161/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzYxMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ4NzYxMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Ultrastructure_within_the_Lateral_Plexus.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/111388161/285-libre.pdf?1707731551=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUltrastructure_within_the_Lateral_Plexus.pdf\u0026Expires=1732491210\u0026Signature=Duu5SAwhabUg830cZiakO8cri2fiyOz04iTXdPiimplzjNTqlsy8nwbXuh2hnJWt9VGdzbgCffOMjTa~1dVuCTMz~8HIdl~kOYMN9palDTuqsu14T5UDPLpUTrl6p7yrB7T7-LG20S009jQ3s0OdctnuOmJSIh3Gi5GPjZCjautARr7sM5ZyWfZczd1RAfqbWEtBT2PpNKPTf1Fnk66AQIPR3-ygNbqYreCNyD04nC6xNH8ktDPyb56f~VL3bJ3vYWofUtb-k-ToZLpumIkfgQUuL33OQ0FPNFsqChy5dxrnAujdVALEEweAg09SjqEUAo4z5TX9GOYCs3xZJeWk8A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience"},{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology"},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology"},{"id":14076,"name":"Transmission Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transmission_Electron_Microscopy"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":54225,"name":"Axon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Axon"},{"id":54589,"name":"Anatomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anatomy"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals"},{"id":186234,"name":"Medical Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Physiology"},{"id":212476,"name":"Ultrastructure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrastructure"},{"id":216389,"name":"Lateral Inhibition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lateral_Inhibition"},{"id":245634,"name":"Eye","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye"},{"id":252687,"name":"Brachyura","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brachyura"},{"id":1182947,"name":"Axons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Axons"},{"id":1439670,"name":"General Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Physiology"}],"urls":[{"id":39386723,"url":"https://rupress.org/jgp/article-pdf/59/3/285/1245221/285.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114788254"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788254/Vision_Based_Tracking_System_for_Head_Motion_Correction_in_Fmri_Images"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Vision-Based Tracking System for Head Motion Correction in Fmri Images" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111388186/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788254/Vision_Based_Tracking_System_for_Head_Motion_Correction_in_Fmri_Images">Vision-Based Tracking System for Head Motion Correction in Fmri Images</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7ac7ef7a3ecba4dfe482ea4a623d1bfa" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111388186,"asset_id":114788254,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111388186/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzYxMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ4NzYxMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114788254"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114788254"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788254; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788254]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788254]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788254; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='114788254']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 114788254, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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In an fMRI experiment a subject is required to perform a task while his brain is scanned by an MRI scanner. In order to achieve a high quality analysis the fMRI slices should be aligned. Hence, the subject is requested to avoid head movements during the entire experiment. However, due to the long duration of such experiments head motion is practically unavoidable. Most of the previous work in this field addresses this problem by extracting the head motion parameters from the acquired MRI data. Therefore, these works are limited to relatively small movements and may confuse head motion with brain activities. In the present work the head movements are detected by a system comprised of two cameras that monitor a specially designed device worn on the subject's head. The system does not depend on the acquired MRI data and therefore can overcome large head movements. Additionally, the system can be extended to cope with inter-block motion and can be integrated into the MRI scanner for real-time updates of the scan-planes. The performance of the proposed system was tested in a laboratory environment and in fMRI experiments. It was found that high accuracy is obtained even when facing large head movements.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2006,"errors":{}},"grobid_abstract_attachment_id":111388186},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114788254/Vision_Based_Tracking_System_for_Head_Motion_Correction_in_Fmri_Images","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-02-12T00:08:12.044-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":47820922,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":111388186,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111388186/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"978-3-540-75274-5_27.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111388186/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzYxMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ4NzYxMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Vision_Based_Tracking_System_for_Head_Mo.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/111388186/978-3-540-75274-5_27-libre.pdf?1707731542=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DVision_Based_Tracking_System_for_Head_Mo.pdf\u0026Expires=1732491210\u0026Signature=F93LHOpRm7eO2m6q8udhxN4R6P7DXqWbjgVrv0zP-xvMxwHGMqh~i13rST9fCFbfTGDFBAT7w4IqCGybthlEdjU5HEEPpnEdkTHefoZuGfx19Fgu5U6hTkRbBHH00aCKe42XxxJpCMoOd5mCDBQMJUc1BtLEXPWwKtXmlU3CcTLssjI-bCy0btNwbUnk7WiKiC2up7t3CNnUogIsXSWhKgM01DfFrTO~lvKXybTwCzRdcIgtuirCx~ZZhnLF4ddA5Eaqi0jI1L7ds9WgAk4oU6WMNCl0ohNtUkwNfIUyJqFuRwuqKYQkSHVqpzRAzvj7NZItkqu3aLXOWAKX0zLotg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Vision_Based_Tracking_System_for_Head_Motion_Correction_in_Fmri_Images","translated_slug":"","page_count":2,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":47820922,"first_name":"Moshe","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gur","page_name":"GurMoshe","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-04-27T02:23:16.336-07:00","display_name":"Moshe Gur","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GurMoshe"},"attachments":[{"id":111388186,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111388186/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"978-3-540-75274-5_27.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111388186/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzYxMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ4NzYxMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Vision_Based_Tracking_System_for_Head_Mo.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/111388186/978-3-540-75274-5_27-libre.pdf?1707731542=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DVision_Based_Tracking_System_for_Head_Mo.pdf\u0026Expires=1732491210\u0026Signature=F93LHOpRm7eO2m6q8udhxN4R6P7DXqWbjgVrv0zP-xvMxwHGMqh~i13rST9fCFbfTGDFBAT7w4IqCGybthlEdjU5HEEPpnEdkTHefoZuGfx19Fgu5U6hTkRbBHH00aCKe42XxxJpCMoOd5mCDBQMJUc1BtLEXPWwKtXmlU3CcTLssjI-bCy0btNwbUnk7WiKiC2up7t3CNnUogIsXSWhKgM01DfFrTO~lvKXybTwCzRdcIgtuirCx~ZZhnLF4ddA5Eaqi0jI1L7ds9WgAk4oU6WMNCl0ohNtUkwNfIUyJqFuRwuqKYQkSHVqpzRAzvj7NZItkqu3aLXOWAKX0zLotg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science"},{"id":465,"name":"Artificial Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Intelligence"},{"id":854,"name":"Computer Vision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Vision"},{"id":159718,"name":"Scanner","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanner"},{"id":229390,"name":"Real Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Real_Time"},{"id":230436,"name":"Pose Estimation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pose_Estimation"},{"id":1815859,"name":"Tracking system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tracking_system"}],"urls":[{"id":39386722,"url":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0001370202130220"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114788253"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788253/Response_Variability_of_Neurons_in_Primary_Visual_Cortex_V1_of_Alert_Monkeys"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Response Variability of Neurons in Primary Visual Cortex (V1) of Alert Monkeys" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111388160/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788253/Response_Variability_of_Neurons_in_Primary_Visual_Cortex_V1_of_Alert_Monkeys">Response Variability of Neurons in Primary Visual Cortex (V1) of Alert Monkeys</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Journal of Neuroscience</span><span>, Apr 15, 1997</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="250a2ebaf2c41bb5cd8fe0bcf2aca1d3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111388160,"asset_id":114788253,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111388160/download_file?st=MTczMjQ4NzYxMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ4NzYxMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114788253"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114788253"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788253; 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It is generally thought that response variability in the visual system increases at cortical levels, but the causes of the variability have not been identified. We have measured the response variability of neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) of alert monkeys. We recorded from 80 single cells distributed over all V1 layers and from 8 parvocellular cells of the lateral geniculate nucleus. All cells were stimulated with a bar of near-optimal orientation, color, and dimensions while continuously monitoring the eye movements of fixation. To minimize the effects of eye movements, responses that occurred while the eye was relatively steady were selected for analysis. The impulses elicited by each stimulus presentation were counted, and the variance and coefficient of variation were computed. Both measures of response variability were much lower than reported previously for V1 cells of both alert and anesthetized monkeys. Our data show that fixational eye movements cause a large component of response variance in alert monkeys. Moreover, the reliability of V1 neurons is not obviously degraded compared with lateral geniculate nucleus cells. The high reliability of neurons in alert monkeys is consistent with expectations from conventional biophysical models, and it suggests that activity in a modest number of neurons may suffice to form a perceptual decision.","publication_date":{"day":15,"month":4,"year":1997,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"The Journal of 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114788252"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788252/Anatomical_physiological_and_psychophysical_data_show_that_the_nature_of_conscious_perception_is_incompatible_with_the_integrated_information_theory_IIT_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Anatomical, physiological, and psychophysical data show that the nature of conscious perception is incompatible with the integrated information theory (IIT)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788252/Anatomical_physiological_and_psychophysical_data_show_that_the_nature_of_conscious_perception_is_incompatible_with_the_integrated_information_theory_IIT_">Anatomical, physiological, and psychophysical data show that the nature of conscious perception is incompatible with the integrated information theory (IIT)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Behavioral and Brain Sciences</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The integrated information theory (IIT) equates levels of consciousness with the amount of inform...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The integrated information theory (IIT) equates levels of consciousness with the amount of information integrated over the elements that constitute a system. Conscious visual perception provides two observations that contradict the IIT. First, objects are accurately perceived when presented for ≪100 ms during which time no neural integration is possible. Second, an object is seen as an integrated whole and, concurrently, all constituent elements are evident. Because integration destroys information about details, IIT cannot account for perceptual detail preservation.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114788252"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114788252"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788252; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788252]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788252]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788252; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='114788252']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 114788252, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=114788252]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":114788252,"title":"Anatomical, physiological, and psychophysical data show that the nature of conscious perception is incompatible with the integrated information theory (IIT)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The integrated information theory (IIT) equates levels of consciousness with the amount of information integrated over the elements that constitute a system. Conscious visual perception provides two observations that contradict the IIT. First, objects are accurately perceived when presented for ≪100 ms during which time no neural integration is possible. Second, an object is seen as an integrated whole and, concurrently, all constituent elements are evident. Because integration destroys information about details, IIT cannot account for perceptual detail preservation.","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},"translated_abstract":"The integrated information theory (IIT) equates levels of consciousness with the amount of information integrated over the elements that constitute a system. Conscious visual perception provides two observations that contradict the IIT. First, objects are accurately perceived when presented for ≪100 ms during which time no neural integration is possible. Second, an object is seen as an integrated whole and, concurrently, all constituent elements are evident. Because integration destroys information about details, IIT cannot account for perceptual detail preservation.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114788252/Anatomical_physiological_and_psychophysical_data_show_that_the_nature_of_conscious_perception_is_incompatible_with_the_integrated_information_theory_IIT_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-02-12T00:08:11.565-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":47820922,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Anatomical_physiological_and_psychophysical_data_show_that_the_nature_of_conscious_perception_is_incompatible_with_the_integrated_information_theory_IIT_","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":47820922,"first_name":"Moshe","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gur","page_name":"GurMoshe","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-04-27T02:23:16.336-07:00","display_name":"Moshe Gur","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GurMoshe"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"},{"id":236,"name":"Cognitive Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Psychology"},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science"},{"id":867,"name":"Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perception"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness"},{"id":12176,"name":"Information Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Integration"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":605488,"name":"Integrated Information Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Information_Theory"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences"}],"urls":[{"id":39386720,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x21001989"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114788250"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788250/Consciousness_weaves_our_internal_view_of_the_outside_world"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Consciousness weaves our internal view of the outside world" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788250/Consciousness_weaves_our_internal_view_of_the_outside_world">Consciousness weaves our internal view of the outside world</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Behavioral and Brain Sciences</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Low-level consciousness is fundamental to our understanding of the world. Within the conscious fi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Low-level consciousness is fundamental to our understanding of the world. Within the conscious field, the constantly changing external visual information is transformed into stable, object-based percepts. Remarkably, holistic objects are perceived while we are cognizant of all of the spatial details comprising the objects and of the relationship between individual elements. This parallel conscious association is unique to the brain. Conscious contributions to motor activity come after our understanding of the world has been established.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114788250"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114788250"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788250; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788250]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788250]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788250; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='114788250']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 114788250, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=114788250]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":114788250,"title":"Consciousness weaves our internal view of the outside world","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Low-level consciousness is fundamental to our understanding of the world. Within the conscious field, the constantly changing external visual information is transformed into stable, object-based percepts. Remarkably, holistic objects are perceived while we are cognizant of all of the spatial details comprising the objects and of the relationship between individual elements. This parallel conscious association is unique to the brain. Conscious contributions to motor activity come after our understanding of the world has been established.","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2016,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},"translated_abstract":"Low-level consciousness is fundamental to our understanding of the world. Within the conscious field, the constantly changing external visual information is transformed into stable, object-based percepts. Remarkably, holistic objects are perceived while we are cognizant of all of the spatial details comprising the objects and of the relationship between individual elements. This parallel conscious association is unique to the brain. Conscious contributions to motor activity come after our understanding of the world has been established.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114788250/Consciousness_weaves_our_internal_view_of_the_outside_world","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-02-12T00:08:11.037-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":47820922,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Consciousness_weaves_our_internal_view_of_the_outside_world","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":47820922,"first_name":"Moshe","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gur","page_name":"GurMoshe","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-04-27T02:23:16.336-07:00","display_name":"Moshe Gur","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GurMoshe"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"},{"id":236,"name":"Cognitive Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Psychology"},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences"}],"urls":[{"id":39386718,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x15002095"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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However, several lines of evidence suggest that the view of complex cells as a uniform class is oversimplified , since energy models do not capture many complex cell behaviors. In alert monkeys complex cells with strongly overlapping increment and decrement regions exhibit a considerable F1 modulation, and a subset of these cells have a relative modulation (RM=F1/F0) \u003e1. We have also found that most complex cells show profound dependence of the response form (harmonic content), and not only the amplitude, on grating parameters such as spatial and temporal frequency and size, displaying a variety of behaviors ranging from nonlinear unmodulated firing (F0) and frequency doubling (F2) to pseudolinear modulation (F1). One of the parsimonious explanations could be that at least some of these behaviors, e.g. F1 modulation, result from the imbalance of increment and decrement mechanisms such as incomplete spatial overlap and/or difference in amplitudes of the two regions. We tested this hypothesis using a model that approximates an apparent structure of complex receptive fields in our data by pooling two linear (increment and decrement) inputs with Gaussian spatial profile and same biphasic temporal response function. Model cells with various overlaps and amplitude ratios were stimulated with drifting gratings of different spatial frequencies. To quantify the measure of spatial (im)balance we computed a product of overlap index and amplitude ratio. In the model, maximal modulation increased with spatial imbalance, and the correlation for the two measures was high (r=-0.86, p\u003c0.01). However, the model consistently yielded lower RM values than those in the data. Moreover, weak insignificant correlation between RM and spatial imbalance in the data for complex cells (r=-0.15, p\u003e0.01) was inconsistent with model predictions. Thus, a static spatial imbalance of increment and decrement mechanisms cannot fully predict the presence of strong F1 harmonic in responses of complex cells. These results and effects of temporal frequency suggest that temporal properties of input channels and possibly the dynamics of interaction between them play an important role in shaping the responses of complex cells. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114788248"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788248/Blood_pressure_responses_as_an_indicator_of_the_anesthetic_level_in_ground_squirrels"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Blood pressure responses as an indicator of the anesthetic level in ground squirrels" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114788248/Blood_pressure_responses_as_an_indicator_of_the_anesthetic_level_in_ground_squirrels">Blood pressure responses as an indicator of the anesthetic level in ground squirrels</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Applied Physiology</span><span>, Jun 1, 1976</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In many experiments in visual physiology which employ halothane anesthesia, it is difficult to ju...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In many experiments in visual physiology which employ halothane anesthesia, it is difficult to judge accurately an animal&amp;#39;s anesthetic state, particularly so because of the necessity for paralysis and artificial respiration. For the ground squirrel (Citellus tridecemlineatus and C. mexicanus), we find that measures of arterial pressure response to a noxious stimulus combined with mean arterial pressure allow for an accurate division of halothane anesthetic state into five stages. All five stages are identified and are the same regardless of whether the animal is unparalyzed or is paralyzed and artificially respired. Use of these measures in long-term experiments allows for recognition of and adjustment for small perturbations of anesthetic state that may occur even though inhaled halothane concentration remains constant.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114788248"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114788248"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788248; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788248]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114788248]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114788248; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='114788248']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 114788248, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=114788248]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":114788248,"title":"Blood pressure responses as an indicator of the anesthetic level in ground squirrels","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In many experiments in visual physiology which employ halothane anesthesia, it is difficult to judge accurately an animal\u0026amp;#39;s anesthetic state, particularly so because of the necessity for paralysis and artificial respiration. For the ground squirrel (Citellus tridecemlineatus and C. mexicanus), we find that measures of arterial pressure response to a noxious stimulus combined with mean arterial pressure allow for an accurate division of halothane anesthetic state into five stages. All five stages are identified and are the same regardless of whether the animal is unparalyzed or is paralyzed and artificially respired. Use of these measures in long-term experiments allows for recognition of and adjustment for small perturbations of anesthetic state that may occur even though inhaled halothane concentration remains constant.","publisher":"American Physiological Society","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":6,"year":1976,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},"translated_abstract":"In many experiments in visual physiology which employ halothane anesthesia, it is difficult to judge accurately an animal\u0026amp;#39;s anesthetic state, particularly so because of the necessity for paralysis and artificial respiration. For the ground squirrel (Citellus tridecemlineatus and C. mexicanus), we find that measures of arterial pressure response to a noxious stimulus combined with mean arterial pressure allow for an accurate division of halothane anesthetic state into five stages. All five stages are identified and are the same regardless of whether the animal is unparalyzed or is paralyzed and artificially respired. Use of these measures in long-term experiments allows for recognition of and adjustment for small perturbations of anesthetic state that may occur even though inhaled halothane concentration remains constant.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114788248/Blood_pressure_responses_as_an_indicator_of_the_anesthetic_level_in_ground_squirrels","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-02-12T00:08:10.474-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":47820922,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Blood_pressure_responses_as_an_indicator_of_the_anesthetic_level_in_ground_squirrels","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":47820922,"first_name":"Moshe","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gur","page_name":"GurMoshe","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-04-27T02:23:16.336-07:00","display_name":"Moshe Gur","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GurMoshe"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences"},{"id":88321,"name":"Blood Pressure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Pressure"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals"},{"id":129739,"name":"Anesthesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anesthesia"},{"id":131298,"name":"Heart rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heart_rate"},{"id":162147,"name":"Applied Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Physiology"},{"id":174717,"name":"Sciuridae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sciuridae"},{"id":202428,"name":"Respiration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Respiration"},{"id":467813,"name":"Reflex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reflex"},{"id":936573,"name":"Halothane","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Halothane"},{"id":1968557,"name":"Anesthetic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anesthetic"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences"}],"urls":[{"id":39386716,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1976.40.6.977"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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