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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Greater_East_Asia_Conference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greater_East_Asia_Conference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Greater East Asia Conference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greater_East_Asia_Conference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imperial_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imperial_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Imperial rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imperial_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Failure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Failure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Failure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Failure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Propaganda_efforts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propaganda_efforts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Propaganda efforts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Propaganda_efforts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Projected_territorial_extent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Projected_territorial_extent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Projected territorial extent</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Projected_territorial_extent-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Projected territorial extent subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Projected_territorial_extent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Land_Disposal_Plan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Land_Disposal_Plan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Land Disposal Plan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Land_Disposal_Plan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Japanese-governed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese-governed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Japanese-governed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese-governed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asian_puppet_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asian_puppet_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Asian puppet states</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asian_puppet_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_parties_and_movements_with_Japanese_support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_parties_and_movements_with_Japanese_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Political parties and movements with Japanese support</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_parties_and_movements_with_Japanese_support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>People</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_topics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_topics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Related topics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_topics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.1</span> <span>Others</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%89_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A9" title="منطقة شرقى أسيا الكبرى للرفاهية المتبادلة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منطقة شرقى أسيا الكبرى للرفاهية المتبادلة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81i_Tang-a_Ki%C5%8Dng-%C3%AAng-khoan" title="Tāi Tang-a Kiōng-êng-khoan – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tāi Tang-a Kiōng-êng-khoan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere" title="Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%8A%D1%84%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Велика източноазиатска сфера на съпроцъфтяване – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Велика източноазиатска сфера на съпроцъфтяване" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Esfera_de_Coprosperitat_de_l%27%C3%80sia_Oriental" title="Gran Esfera de Coprosperitat de l'Àsia Oriental – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gran Esfera de Coprosperitat de l'Àsia Oriental" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velk%C3%A1_v%C3%BDchodoasijsk%C3%A1_sf%C3%A9ra_vz%C3%A1jemn%C3%A9_prosperity" title="Velká východoasijská sféra vzájemné prosperity – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Velká východoasijská sféra vzájemné prosperity" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stor%C3%B8stasiatiske_velstandssf%C3%A6re" title="Storøstasiatiske velstandssfære – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Storøstasiatiske velstandssfære" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fostasiatische_Wohlstandssph%C3%A4re" title="Großostasiatische Wohlstandssphäre – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Großostasiatische Wohlstandssphäre" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B6%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B1_%CE%A3%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%AF%CF%81%CE%B1_%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%91%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Μείζονα Σφαίρα Συνευημερίας της Ανατολικής Ασίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μείζονα Σφαίρα Συνευημερίας της Ανατολικής Ασίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esfera_de_Coprosperidad_de_la_Gran_Asia_Oriental" title="Esfera de Coprosperidad de la Gran Asia Oriental – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Esfera de Coprosperidad de la Gran Asia Oriental" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87_%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%A2%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="حوزه رفاه مشترک آسیای شرقی بزرگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حوزه رفاه مشترک آسیای شرقی بزرگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sph%C3%A8re_de_coprosp%C3%A9rit%C3%A9_de_la_Grande_Asie_orientale" title="Sphère de coprospérité de la Grande Asie orientale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sphère de coprospérité de la Grande Asie orientale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EB%8F%99%EC%95%84%EA%B3%B5%EC%98%81%EA%B6%8C" title="대동아공영권 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대동아공영권" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasan_Kemakmuran_Bersama_Asia_Timur_Raya" title="Kawasan Kemakmuran Bersama Asia Timur Raya – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kawasan Kemakmuran Bersama Asia Timur Raya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfera_di_co-prosperit%C3%A0_della_Grande_Asia_orientale" title="Sfera di co-prosperità della Grande Asia orientale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sfera di co-prosperità della Grande Asia orientale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%92_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A3_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97_%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%99" title="מרחב השגשוג המשותף של מזרח אסיה רבתי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מרחב השגשוג המשותף של מזרח אסיה רבתי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagy-kelet-%C3%A1zsiai_K%C3%B6z%C3%B6s_Felvir%C3%A1gz%C3%A1s_%C3%96vezete" title="Nagy-kelet-ázsiai Közös Felvirágzás Övezete – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nagy-kelet-ázsiai Közös Felvirágzás Övezete" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingkungan_Kesemakmuran_Bersama_Asia_Timur_Raya" title="Lingkungan Kesemakmuran Bersama Asia Timur Raya – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lingkungan Kesemakmuran Bersama Asia Timur Raya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groot_Oost-Aziatische_Welvaartssfeer" title="Groot Oost-Aziatische Welvaartssfeer – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Groot Oost-Aziatische Welvaartssfeer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9C%E5%85%B1%E6%A0%84%E5%9C%8F" title="大東亜共栄圏 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="大東亜共栄圏" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strefa_Wsp%C3%B3lnego_Dobrobytu_Wielkiej_Azji_Wschodniej" title="Strefa Wspólnego Dobrobytu Wielkiej Azji Wschodniej – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Strefa Wspólnego Dobrobytu Wielkiej Azji Wschodniej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esfera_de_Coprosperidade_da_Grande_%C3%81sia_Oriental" title="Esfera de Coprosperidade da Grande Ásia Oriental – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Esfera de Coprosperidade da Grande Ásia Oriental" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Japanese imperialist concept</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_Asian_Co-prosperity_sphere.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Greater_Asian_Co-prosperity_sphere.png/350px-Greater_Asian_Co-prosperity_sphere.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Greater_Asian_Co-prosperity_sphere.png/525px-Greater_Asian_Co-prosperity_sphere.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Greater_Asian_Co-prosperity_sphere.png/700px-Greater_Asian_Co-prosperity_sphere.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Members of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere and territories occupied by the Japanese army at maximum height in 1942. Japan and its <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a> allies <a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Thailand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Azad Hind</a> are in dark red; occupied territories/puppet states are in lighter red. <a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Japanese_rule" title="Taiwan under Japanese rule">Taiwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karafuto_Prefecture" title="Karafuto Prefecture">Karafuto (South Sakhalin)</a>, and Kuril were integral parts of Japan.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Japanese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">だいとうあきょうえいけん</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABjitai" title="Kyūjitai">Kyūjitai</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">大東亞共榮圈</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Shinjitai" title="Shinjitai">Shinjitai</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">大東亜共栄圏</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Revised Hepburn</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ja-Latn">Dai Tōa Kyōeiken</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span lang="ja">大東亞共榮圈</span>, <a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn</a>: <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Dai Tōa Kyōeiken</i></span>)</span>, also known as the <b>GEACPS</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a <a href="/wiki/Pan-Asianism" title="Pan-Asianism">pan-Asian</a> union that the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> tried to establish. Initially, it covered Japan (including <a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">annexed Korea</a>), <a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">China</a>, but as the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a> progressed, it also included territories in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> and parts of <a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term was first coined by <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Japan)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Japan)">Minister for Foreign Affairs</a> <a href="/wiki/Hachir%C5%8D_Arita" title="Hachirō Arita">Hachirō Arita</a> on June 29, 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The proposed objectives of this union were to ensure <a href="/wiki/Autarky" title="Autarky">economic self-sufficiency</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economic_union" title="Economic union">cooperation</a> among the member states, along with resisting the influence of <a href="/wiki/Western_imperialism_in_Asia" title="Western imperialism in Asia">Western imperialism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ideology_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Soviet communism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In reality, militarists and nationalists saw it as an effective propaganda tool to enforce Japanese hegemony.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter approach was reflected in a document released by Japan's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health,_Labour_and_Welfare" title="Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare">Ministry of Health and Welfare</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/An_Investigation_of_Global_Policy_with_the_Yamato_Race_as_Nucleus" title="An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus">An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus</a></i>, which promoted racial supremacist theories.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japanese spokesmen openly described the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere as a device for the "development of the Japanese race."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> ended, the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere became a source of criticism and scorn for Allies.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development_of_the_concept">Development of the concept</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development of the concept"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_nationalism" title="Japanese nationalism">Japanese nationalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Japan_during_the_Second_Sino-Japanese_War_and_World_War_II" title="Propaganda in Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II">Propaganda in Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manchukuo011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Manchukuo011.jpg/200px-Manchukuo011.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Manchukuo011.jpg/300px-Manchukuo011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Manchukuo011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>1935 propaganda poster of <a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a> promoting harmony between <a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">Chinese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Manchu_people" title="Manchu people">Manchu</a>. The caption from right to left says: "With the help of Japan, China, and Manchukuo, the world can be in peace." The flags shown are, right to left: the "<a href="/wiki/Five_Races_Under_One_Union" title="Five Races Under One Union">Five Races Under One Union</a>" flag of <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">China</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Japan" title="Flag of Japan">flag of Japan</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Manchukuo" title="Flag of Manchukuo">flag of Manchukuo</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The concept of a unified <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> under Japanese leadership had its roots dating back to the 16th century. For example, <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a> proposed to make China, Korea, and Japan into "one". Modern conceptions emerged in 1917. During the proceedings of the <a href="/wiki/Lansing%E2%80%93Ishii_Agreement" title="Lansing–Ishii Agreement">Lansing-Ishii Agreement</a>, Japan explained to Western observers that their expansionism in Asia was analogous to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>' <a href="/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine" title="Monroe Doctrine">Monroe Doctrine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This conception was influential in the development of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity concept, with the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Japanese Army</a> also comparing it to the <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Corollary" title="Roosevelt Corollary">Roosevelt Corollary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the reasons why Japan adopted imperialism was to resolve domestic issues such as <a href="/wiki/Human_overpopulation" title="Human overpopulation">overpopulation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scarcity" title="Scarcity">resource scarcity</a>. Another reason was to withstand Western imperialism.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 3, 1938, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Fumimaro_Konoe" title="Fumimaro Konoe">Fumimaro Konoe</a> and Minister for Foreign Affairs <a href="/wiki/Hachir%C5%8D_Arita" title="Hachirō Arita">Hachirō Arita</a> proposed the development of the <b>New Order in East Asia</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">東亜新秩序<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Tōa Shin Chitsujo</i></span>)</span>, which was limited to Japan, China, and the puppet state of Manchukuo.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They believed that the union had 6 purposes:<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Permanent stability of Eastern Asia</li> <li>Neighbourly amity and international justice</li> <li>Joint defence against communism</li> <li>Creation of a new culture</li> <li>Economic cohesion and co-operation</li> <li>World peace</li></ol> <p>The vagueness of the above points were effective in making people more agreeable to <a href="/wiki/Japanese_militarism" title="Japanese militarism">militarism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Imperial_Japan" title="Collaboration with Imperial Japan">collaborationism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 29, 1940, Arita renamed the union the <b>Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere</b>, which he announced by radio address. At <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dsuke_Matsuoka" title="Yōsuke Matsuoka">Yōsuke Matsuoka</a>'s advice, Arita emphasised on the economic aspects more. On August 1, Konoe, who still used the original name, expanded the scope of the union to include the territories of Southeast Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 5, Konoe reaffirmed that a Japan–Manchukuo–China <a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">yen</a> bloc<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> would continue and be "perfected".<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_colonial_empire" title="Japanese colonial empire">Japanese colonial empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Japan#Shōwa_era_and_World_War_II_(1926–1945)" title="Military history of Japan">Military history of Japan § Shōwa era and World War II (1926–1945)</a></div> <p>The outbreak of World War II in Europe gave the Japanese an opportunity to fulfill the objectives of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, without significant pushback from the Western powers or China.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This entailed the conquest of Southeast Asian territories to extract their natural resources. If territories were unprofitable, the Japanese would encourage their subjects, including those in mainland Japan, to endure "economic suffering" and prevent outflow of material to the enemy. Nonetheless, they preached the moral superiority of cultivating a "spiritual essence" instead of prioritising material gain like Western powers.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Japanese advancements into <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French Indochina</a> in 1940, knowing that Japan was completely dependent on other countries for natural resources, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> ordered a trade embargo on <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">oil</a>, raw materials that were vital to Japan's war effort.<sup id="cite_ref-Columbia_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbia-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Without steel and oil imports, Japan's military could not fight for long.<sup id="cite_ref-Columbia_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbia-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of the embargo, Japan decided to attack the British and Dutch colonies in Southeast Asia from 7 to 19 December 1941, seizing the raw materials needed for the war effort.<sup id="cite_ref-Columbia_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbia-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These efforts were successful, with Japanese politician <a href="/wiki/Nobusuke_Kishi" title="Nobusuke Kishi">Nobusuke Kishi</a> announcing via radio broadcast that vast resources were available for Japanese use in the newly conquered territories.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As part of its war drive in the Pacific, <a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Japan_during_the_Second_Sino-Japanese_War_and_World_War_II" title="Propaganda in Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II">Japanese propaganda</a> included phrases like "Asia for the Asiatics" and talked about the need to "liberate" Asian colonies from the control of Western powers.<sup id="cite_ref-rhodes248_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rhodes248-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also planned to change the Chinese hegemony in the agricultural market in Southeast Asia with Japanese immigrants to boost its economic value, with the former being despised by Southeast Asian natives.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Japanese failure to bring the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a> to a swift conclusion was blamed in part on the lack of resources; Japanese propaganda claimed this was due to the refusal by Western powers to supply Japan's military.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although invading Japanese forces sometimes received rapturous welcomes throughout recently captured Asian territories due to anti-Western and occasionally, anti-Chinese sentiment,<sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the subsequent brutality of the Japanese military led many of the inhabitants of those regions to regard Japan as being worse than their former colonial rulers.<sup id="cite_ref-rhodes248_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rhodes248-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Japanese government directed that economies of occupied territories be managed strictly for the production of raw materials for the Japanese war effort; a cabinet member declared, "There are no restrictions. They are enemy possessions. We can take them, do anything we want".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, according to estimates, under Japanese occupation, about 100,000 Burmese and Malay Indian labourers died while constructing the <a href="/wiki/Burma_Railway" title="Burma Railway">Burma-Siam Railway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Japanese sometimes spared ethnic groups, such as Chinese immigrants, if they supported the war effort, whether sincerely or not.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus</i> – a secret document completed in 1943 for high-ranking government use – laid out that Japan, as the originator and strongest military power within the region, would naturally take the superior position within the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, with the other nations under Japan's umbrella of protection.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japanese propaganda was useful in mobilizing Japanese citizens for the war effort, convincing them Japan's expansion was an act of anti-colonial liberation from Western domination.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The booklet <i>Read This and the War is Won</i>—for the Japanese Army—presented colonialism as an oppressive group of colonists living in luxury by burdening Asians. According to Japan, since racial ties of blood connected other Asians to the Japanese, and Asians had been weakened by colonialism, it was Japan's <a href="/wiki/Civilizing_mission" title="Civilizing mission">self-appointed role</a> to "make men of them again" and liberate them from their Western oppressors.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Shigenori_T%C5%8Dg%C5%8D" title="Shigenori Tōgō">Shigenori Tōgō</a> (in office 1941–1942 and 1945), should Japan be successful in creating this sphere, it would emerge as the leader of Eastern Asia, and the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere would be synonymous with the Japanese Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-i6_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-i6-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greater_East_Asia_Conference">Greater East Asia Conference</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Greater East Asia Conference"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Greater_East_Asia_Conference" title="Greater East Asia Conference">Greater East Asia Conference</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_East_Asia_Conference_Map.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Greater_East_Asia_Conference_Map.PNG/350px-Greater_East_Asia_Conference_Map.PNG" decoding="async" width="350" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Greater_East_Asia_Conference_Map.PNG/525px-Greater_East_Asia_Conference_Map.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Greater_East_Asia_Conference_Map.PNG/700px-Greater_East_Asia_Conference_Map.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption>Attendees of the Greater East Asia Conference<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#6B0000; color:white;"> </span>: Japan and colonies<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FE2020; color:black;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BC8F8F; color:black;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DEA5A4; color:black;"> </span>: Japanese allies and occupied territory <br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#F9CCCA; color:black;"> </span>: Territories disputed and claimed by Japan and its allies</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_East_Asia_Conference.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Greater_East_Asia_Conference.JPG/310px-Greater_East_Asia_Conference.JPG" decoding="async" width="310" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Greater_East_Asia_Conference.JPG/465px-Greater_East_Asia_Conference.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Greater_East_Asia_Conference.JPG/620px-Greater_East_Asia_Conference.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1387" data-file-height="858" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Greater_East_Asia_Conference" title="Greater East Asia Conference">Greater East Asia Conference</a> in November 1943. Participants left to right: <a href="/wiki/Ba_Maw" title="Ba Maw">Ba Maw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Jinghui" title="Zhang Jinghui">Zhang Jinghui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei" title="Wang Jingwei">Wang Jingwei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Tojo" title="Hideki Tojo">Hideki Tojo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wan_Waithayakon" title="Wan Waithayakon">Wan Waithayakon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jose_P._Laurel" title="Jose P. Laurel">José P. Laurel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_1943_propaganda_booklet_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Japanese_1943_propaganda_booklet_2.JPG/310px-Japanese_1943_propaganda_booklet_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="310" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Japanese_1943_propaganda_booklet_2.JPG/465px-Japanese_1943_propaganda_booklet_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Japanese_1943_propaganda_booklet_2.JPG/620px-Japanese_1943_propaganda_booklet_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption>Fragment of a Japanese propaganda booklet published by the Tokyo Conference (1943), depicting scenes of situations in Greater East Asia, from the top, left to right: the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Japanese occupation of Malaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Thailand under Plaek Phibunsongkram</a> gaining the territories of <a href="/wiki/Saharat_Thai_Doem" title="Saharat Thai Doem">Saharat Thai Doem</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">Republic of China</a> under <a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei" title="Wang Jingwei">Wang Jingwei</a> allied with Japan, <a href="/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</a> forming <a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">the Provisional Government of Free India</a>, the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Burma" title="State of Burma">State of Burma</a> gaining independence under <a href="/wiki/Ba_Maw" title="Ba Maw">Ba Maw</a>, the Declaration of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Second Philippine Republic</a>, and people of <a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Greater East Asia Conference<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">大東亞會議</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Dai Tōa Kaigi</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span> took place in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> on 5–6 November 1943: Japan hosted the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">heads of state</a> of various component members of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. The conference was also referred to as the <i>Tokyo Conference</i>. The common language used by the delegates during the conference was <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The conference was mainly used as propaganda.<sup id="cite_ref-Greater_East_Asia_Conference_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greater_East_Asia_Conference-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the conference, Tojo greeted them with a speech praising the "spiritual essence" of Asia instead of the "materialistic civilisation" of the West.<sup id="cite_ref-G._Beasley,_p_204_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G._Beasley,_p_204-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their meeting was characterised by the praise of solidarity and condemnation of Western colonialism but without practical plans for either economic development or integration.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of a lack of military representatives at the conference, the conference served little military value.<sup id="cite_ref-Greater_East_Asia_Conference_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greater_East_Asia_Conference-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the simultaneous use of <a href="/wiki/Wilsonianism" title="Wilsonianism">Wilsonian</a> and Pan-Asian rhetoric, the goals of the conference were to solidify the commitment of certain Asian countries to Japan's war effort and to improve Japan's world image; however, the representatives of the other attending countries were in practice neither independent nor treated as equals by Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following dignitaries attended: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hideki_Tojo" title="Hideki Tojo">Hideki Tojo</a>, Prime Minister of the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Jinghui" title="Zhang Jinghui">Zhang Jinghui</a>, Prime Minister of the <a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Empire of Manchuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei" title="Wang Jingwei">Wang Jingwei</a>, President of the <a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">Republic of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba_Maw" title="Ba Maw">Ba Maw</a>, Head of State of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Burma" title="State of Burma">State of Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</a>, Head of State of the <a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Provisional Government of Free India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_P._Laurel" title="Jose P. Laurel">José P. Laurel</a>, President of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Republic of the Philippines</a></li> <li>Prince <a href="/wiki/Wan_Waithayakon" title="Wan Waithayakon">Wan Waithayakon</a>, envoy from the <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Kingdom of Thailand</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperial_rule">Imperial rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Imperial rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ideology of the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_colonial_empire" title="Japanese colonial empire">Japanese colonial empire</a>, as it expanded dramatically during the war, contained two contradictory impulses. On the one hand, it preached the unity of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, a coalition of Asian races directed by Japan against <a href="/wiki/Western_imperialism_in_Asia" title="Western imperialism in Asia">Western imperialism in Asia</a>. This approach celebrated the spiritual values of the East in opposition to the "crass <a href="/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism">materialism</a>" of the West.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In practice, however, the Japanese installed organisationally-minded bureaucrats and engineers to run their new empire, and they believed in ideals of efficiency, modernisation, and engineering solutions to social problems.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> was the official language of the bureaucracy in all of the areas and was taught at schools as a national language.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japan set up puppet regimes in Manchuria and China; they vanished at the war's end. The Imperial Army operated ruthless administrations in most conquered areas but paid more favourable attention to the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a>. The main goal was to obtain oil but the Dutch colonial government destroyed the oil wells. However, the Japanese could repair and reopen them within a few months of their conquest. However, most tankers transporting oil to Japan were sunk by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">U.S. Navy</a> submarines, so Japan's oil shortage became increasingly acute. Japan also sponsored an Indonesian nationalist movement under <a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sukarno finally came to power in the late 1940s after several years of fighting the Dutch.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippines">Philippines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To build up the economic base of the Co-Prosperity Sphere, the Japanese Army envisioned using the Philippine islands as a source of agricultural products needed by its industry. For example, Japan had a surplus of <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a> from <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Japanese_rule" title="Taiwan under Japanese rule">Taiwan</a>, and a severe shortage of <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a>, so they tried to grow cotton on sugar lands with disastrous results; they lacked the seeds, pesticides, and technical skills to grow cotton. Jobless farm workers flocked to the cities, where there was minimal relief and few jobs. The Japanese Army also tried using <a href="/wiki/Sucrose" title="Sucrose">cane sugar</a> for fuel, <a href="/wiki/Ricinus" title="Ricinus">castor beans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Copra" title="Copra">copra</a> for oil, <i><a href="/wiki/Derris" title="Derris">Derris</a></i> for <a href="/wiki/Quinine" title="Quinine">quinine</a>, cotton for uniforms, and <a href="/wiki/Abac%C3%A1" title="Abacá">abacá</a> for rope. The plans were difficult to implement due to limited skills, collapsed international markets, bad weather, and transportation shortages. The program failed, giving very little help to Japanese industry and diverting resources needed for food production.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Stanley Karnow writes, Filipinos "rapidly learned as well that 'co-prosperity' meant servitude to Japan's economic requirements".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Living conditions were poor throughout the Philippines during the war. Transportation between the islands was difficult because of a lack of fuel. Food was in short supply, with sporadic famines and epidemic diseases that killed hundreds of thousands of people.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1943, Japan declared the Philippines an independent republic. The Japanese-sponsored <a href="/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Second Philippine Republic</a>, headed by President <a href="/wiki/Jose_P._Laurel" title="Jose P. Laurel">José P. Laurel</a>, proved to be ineffective and unpopular as Japan maintained very tight control.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Failure">Failure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Failure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Co-Prosperity Sphere collapsed with <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Japan's surrender</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a> in September 1945. <a href="/wiki/Ba_Maw" title="Ba Maw">Ba Maw</a>, wartime President of Burma under the Japanese, blamed the Japanese military for the failure of the Co-Prosperity Sphere: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The militarists saw everything only from a Japanese perspective and, even worse, they insisted that all others dealing with them should do the same. For them, there was only one way to do a thing, the Japanese way; only one goal and interest, the Japanese interest; only one destiny for the East Asian countries, to become so many Manchukuos or Koreas tied forever to Japan. This racial impositions ... made any real understanding between the Japanese militarists and the people of our region virtually impossible.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In other words, the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere operated not for the betterment of all the Asian countries but for Japan's interests, and thus the Japanese failed to gather support in other Asian countries. Nationalist movements did appear in these Asian countries during this period, and these nationalists cooperated with the Japanese to some extent. However, Willard Elsbree, professor emeritus of <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political science</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ohio_University" title="Ohio University">Ohio University</a>, claims that the Japanese government and these nationalist leaders never developed "a real unity of interests between the two parties, [and] there was no overwhelming despair on the part of the Asians at Japan's defeat".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Empire_-_1942.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Japanese_Empire_-_1942.svg/310px-Japanese_Empire_-_1942.svg.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Japanese_Empire_-_1942.svg/465px-Japanese_Empire_-_1942.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Japanese_Empire_-_1942.svg/620px-Japanese_Empire_-_1942.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="837" /></a><figcaption>The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere at its greatest extent</figcaption></figure> <p>The failure of Japan to understand the goals and interests of the other countries involved in the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere led to a weak association of countries bound to Japan only in theory and not in spirit. Ba Maw argued that Japan should've acted according to the declared aims of "Asia for the Asiatics". He claimed that if Japan had proclaimed this maxim at the beginning of the war and acted on that idea, they could have engineered a very different outcome. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>No military defeat could then have robbed her of the trust and gratitude of half of Asia or even more, and that would have mattered a great deal in finding for her a new, great, and abiding place in a postwar world in which Asia was coming into her own.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Propaganda_efforts">Propaganda efforts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Propaganda efforts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pamphlets were dropped by airplane on the Philippines, Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak, Singapore, and Indonesia, urging them to join the movement.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mutual cultural societies were founded in all conquered lands to ingratiate with the natives and try to supplant English with Japanese as the commonly used language.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Multi-lingual pamphlets depicted many Asians marching or working together in happy unity, with the flags of all the states and a map depicting the intended sphere.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others proclaimed that they had given independent governments to the countries they occupied, a claim undermined by the lack of power given to these puppet governments.<sup id="cite_ref-psyop_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psyop-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Thailand, a street was built to demonstrate it, to be filled with modern buildings and shops, but <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">9</span>⁄<span class="den">10</span></span> of it consisted of <a href="/wiki/Potemkin_village" title="Potemkin village">false fronts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A network of Japanese-sponsored film production, distribution, and exhibition companies extended across the Japanese Empire and was collectively referred to as the Greater East Asian Film Sphere. These film centers mass-produced shorts, newsreels, and feature films to encourage Japanese language acquisition as well as cooperation with Japanese colonial authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Projected_territorial_extent">Projected territorial extent</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Projected territorial extent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DaitouaKyoueiken.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/DaitouaKyoueiken.JPG/220px-DaitouaKyoueiken.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/DaitouaKyoueiken.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="283" data-file-height="338" /></a><figcaption>A Japanese <a href="/wiki/10_sen_coin" title="10 sen coin">10 sen</a> stamp from 1942 depicting the approximate extension of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere</figcaption></figure> <p>Prior to the escalation of World War II to the Pacific and East Asia, Japanese planners regarded it as self-evident that the conquests secured in Japan's earlier wars with <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Karafuto_Prefecture" title="Karafuto Prefecture">South Sakhalin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kwantung_Leased_Territory" title="Kwantung Leased Territory">Kwantung</a>), <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_Seas_Mandate" title="South Seas Mandate">South Seas Mandate</a>), and China (<a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a>) would be retained, as well as Korea (<i>Chōsen</i>), Taiwan (<i>Formosa</i>), the recently seized additional portions of China, and occupied French Indochina.<sup id="cite_ref-Weinberg_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinberg-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Land_Disposal_Plan">Land Disposal Plan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Land Disposal Plan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A reasonably accurate indication as to the geographic dimensions of the Co-Prosperity Sphere are elaborated on in a Japanese wartime document prepared in December 1941 by the Research Department of the <a href="/wiki/Army_Ministry" title="Army Ministry">Ministry of War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Weinberg_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinberg-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Known as the "Land Disposal Plan in the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere" (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">大東亜共栄圏における土地処分案</span></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was put together with the consent of and according to the directions of the Minister of War (later Prime Minister) <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Tojo" title="Hideki Tojo">Hideki Tōjō</a>. It assumed that the already established puppet governments of Manchukuo, <a href="/wiki/Mengjiang" title="Mengjiang">Mengjiang</a>, and the Wang Jingwei regime in Japanese-occupied China would continue to function in these areas.<sup id="cite_ref-Weinberg_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinberg-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beyond these contemporary parts of Japan's <a href="/wiki/Sphere_of_influence" title="Sphere of influence">sphere of influence</a> it also envisaged the conquest of a vast range of territories covering virtually all of East Asia, the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>, and even sizable portions of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a>, including in locations as far removed from Japan as <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> and the eastern <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Weinberg_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinberg-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the projected extension of the Co-Prosperity Sphere was extremely ambitious, the Japanese goal during the "Greater East Asia War" was not to acquire all the territory designated in the plan at once, but to prepare for a future decisive war some 20 years later by conquering the Asian colonies of the defeated European powers, as well as the Philippines from the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Tōjō spoke on the plan to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Peers_(Japan)" title="House of Peers (Japan)">House of Peers</a> he was vague about the long-term prospects, but insinuated that the Philippines and Burma might be allowed independence, although vital territories such as <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong" title="Japanese occupation of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> would remain under Japanese rule.<sup id="cite_ref-G._Beasley,_p_204_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G._Beasley,_p_204-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesian</a> islands that had been seized from Germany in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and which were assigned to Japan as <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_mandate" title="League of Nations mandate">C-Class Mandates</a>, namely the <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Islands" title="Mariana Islands">Marianas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands" title="Caroline Islands">Carolines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a>, and several others do not figure in this project.<sup id="cite_ref-Weinberg_46-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinberg-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were the subject of earlier negotiations with the Germans and were expected to be officially ceded to Japan in return for economic and monetary compensations.<sup id="cite_ref-Weinberg_46-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinberg-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The plan divided Japan's future empire into two different groups.<sup id="cite_ref-Weinberg_46-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinberg-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first group of territories were expected to become either part of Japan or otherwise be under its direct administration. Second were those territories that would fall under the control of a number of tightly controlled pro-Japanese <a href="/wiki/Vassal_state" title="Vassal state">vassal states</a> based on the model of Manchukuo, as nominally "independent" members of the Greater East Asian alliance. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:German_and_Japanese_spheres_of_influence_at_greatest_extent_World_War_II_1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/German_and_Japanese_spheres_of_influence_at_greatest_extent_World_War_II_1942.jpg/220px-German_and_Japanese_spheres_of_influence_at_greatest_extent_World_War_II_1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/German_and_Japanese_spheres_of_influence_at_greatest_extent_World_War_II_1942.jpg/330px-German_and_Japanese_spheres_of_influence_at_greatest_extent_World_War_II_1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/German_and_Japanese_spheres_of_influence_at_greatest_extent_World_War_II_1942.jpg/440px-German_and_Japanese_spheres_of_influence_at_greatest_extent_World_War_II_1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="877" data-file-height="516" /></a><figcaption>German and Japanese direct spheres of influence at their greatest extents in fall 1942. Arrows show planned movements to the proposed demarcation line at 70° E, which was, however, never even approximated.</figcaption></figure> <p>Parts of the plan depended on successful negotiations with <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> and a global victory by the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a>. After Germany and <a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy">Italy</a> <a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor#Germany_and_Italy_declare_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Results of the attack on Pearl Harbor">declared war on the United States</a> on 11 December 1941, Japan presented the Germans with <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers_negotiations_on_the_division_of_Asia" title="Axis powers negotiations on the division of Asia">a drafted military convention</a> that would specifically delimit the Asian continent by a dividing line along the <a href="/wiki/70th_meridian_east" title="70th meridian east">70th meridian east</a> <a href="/wiki/Longitude" title="Longitude">longitude</a>. This line, running southwards through the <a href="/wiki/Ob_(river)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ob (river)">Ob River</a>'s Arctic estuary, southwards to just east of <a href="/wiki/Khost" title="Khost">Khost</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> and heading into the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> just west of <a href="/wiki/Rajkot" title="Rajkot">Rajkot</a> in <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">India</a>, would have split Germany's <i><a href="/wiki/Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a></i> and Italy's <i><a href="/wiki/Spazio_vitale" title="Spazio vitale">spazio vitale</a></i> territories to the west of it, and Japan's Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere and its other areas to the east of it.<sup id="cite_ref-Rich_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rich-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plan of the Third Reich for fortifying its own <i>Lebensraum</i> territory's eastern limits, beyond which the Co-Prosperity Sphere's northwestern frontier areas would exist in East Asia, involved the creation of <a href="/wiki/Ural_Mountains_in_Nazi_planning#"Living_wall"" title="Ural Mountains in Nazi planning">a "living wall"</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Wehrbauer" title="Wehrbauer">Wehrbauer</a></i> "soldier-peasant" communities defending it. However, it is unknown if the Axis powers ever formally negotiated a possible, complementary <i>second</i> demarcation line that would have divided the Western Hemisphere. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Japanese-governed">Japanese-governed</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Japanese-governed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Government-General of Formosa</i></li></ul> <dl><dd>Hong Kong, the Philippines, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Portuguese Macau</a> (to be purchased from <a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)" title="Estado Novo (Portugal)">Portugal</a> or taken by force), the <a href="/wiki/Paracel_Islands" title="Paracel Islands">Paracel Islands</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan Island</a> (to be purchased from the Chinese puppet regime). Contrary to its name it was not intended to include the island of Formosa (Taiwan)<sup id="cite_ref-Weinberg_46-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinberg-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <ul><li><i>South Seas Government Office</i></li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banaba" title="Banaba">Ocean Island</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Islands" title="Gilbert Islands">Gilbert Islands</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a><sup id="cite_ref-Weinberg_46-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinberg-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <ul><li><i>Melanesian Region Government-General</i> or <i>South Pacific Government-General</i></li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Papua" title="Territory of Papua">British New Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_New_Guinea" title="Territory of New Guinea">Australian New Guinea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Islands" title="Admiralty Islands">Admiralties</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Britain" title="New Britain">New Britain</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Ireland_Province" title="New Ireland Province">New Ireland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Islands" title="Santa Cruz Islands">Santa Cruz Archipelago</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Ellice Islands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji Islands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_Hebrides" title="New Hebrides">New Hebrides</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Loyalty_Islands_Province" title="Loyalty Islands Province">Loyalty Islands</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_Islands" title="Chesterfield Islands">Chesterfield Islands</a><sup id="cite_ref-Weinberg_46-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinberg-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <ul><li><i>Eastern Pacific Government-General</i></li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Hawaii" title="Territory of Hawaii">Hawaii Territory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker Island</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Islands" title="Phoenix Islands">Phoenix Islands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Marquesas_Islands" title="Marquesas Islands">Marquesas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tuamotus" title="Tuamotus">Tuamotu Islands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Society_Islands" title="Society Islands">Society Islands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austral_Islands" title="Austral Islands">Austral Islands</a>, all of the <a href="/wiki/Samoan_Islands" title="Samoan Islands">Samoan Islands</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tonga_(1900%E2%80%931970)" title="Kingdom of Tonga (1900–1970)">Tonga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Weinberg_46-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinberg-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The possibility of re-establishing the defunct <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Hawaiian Kingdom">Kingdom of Hawaii</a> was also considered, based on the model of Manchukuo.<sup id="cite_ref-levine92_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-levine92-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those favouring annexation of Hawaii (on the model of <a href="/wiki/Karafuto_Prefecture" title="Karafuto Prefecture">Karafuto</a>) intended to use the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_in_Hawaii" title="Japanese in Hawaii">local Japanese community</a>, which had constituted 43% (c. 160,000) of Hawaii's population in the 1920s, as a leverage.<sup id="cite_ref-levine92_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-levine92-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hawaii was to become self-sufficient in food production, while the <a href="/wiki/Big_Five_(Hawaii)" title="Big Five (Hawaii)">Big Five</a> corporations of sugar and <a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapple</a> processing were to be broken up.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No decision was ever reached regarding whether Hawaii would be annexed to Japan, become a puppet state, or be used as a bargaining chip for leverage against the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-levine92_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-levine92-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <ul><li><i>Australian Government-General</i></li></ul> <dl><dd>All of <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> including <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Weinberg_46-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinberg-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Australia and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> were to accommodate up to two million Japanese settlers.<sup id="cite_ref-levine92_50-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-levine92-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, there are indications that the Japanese were also looking for a separate peace with Australia, and a satellite state rather than colony status similar to that of Burma and the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-levine92_50-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-levine92-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <ul><li><i>New Zealand Government-General</i></li></ul> <dl><dd>The New Zealand <a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macquarie_Island" title="Macquarie Island">Macquarie Island</a>, as well as the rest of the Southwest Pacific<sup id="cite_ref-Weinberg_46-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinberg-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <ul><li><i>Ceylon Government-General</i></li></ul> <dl><dd>Ceylon and all of India below a line running approximately from <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Goa</a> to the coastline of the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a><sup id="cite_ref-Weinberg_46-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinberg-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <ul><li><i>Alaska Government-General</i></li></ul> <dl><dd>The <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Alaska" title="Territory of Alaska">Alaska Territory</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon Territory</a>, the western portion of the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Weinberg_46-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinberg-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were also plans to make the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">American West Coast</a> (comprising <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>) a semi-autonomous satellite state. This latter plan was not seriously considered as it depended upon a global victory of Axis forces.<sup id="cite_ref-levine92_50-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-levine92-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <ul><li><i>Government-General of Central America</i></li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Honduras" title="British Honduras">British Honduras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Maracaibo" title="Maracaibo">Maracaibo</a> (western) portion of <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Venezuela" title="United States of Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Cuba_(1902%E2%80%931959)" title="Republic of Cuba (1902–1959)">Cuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Haiti_(1859%E2%80%931957)" title="Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)">Haiti</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Jamaica" title="Colony of Jamaica">Jamaica</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a>. In addition, if either <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Republic_(1925%E2%80%9373)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Republic (1925–73)">Chile</a> were to enter the war against Japan, substantial parts of these states would also be ceded to Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-Weinberg_46-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinberg-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Events that transpired between May 22, 1942, when Mexico declared war on the Axis, through <a href="/wiki/History_of_Peru#The_alternation_between_democracy_and_militarism_(1930–1979)" title="History of Peru">Peru</a>'s declaration of war on February 12, 1944, and concluding with Chile only declaring war on Japan by April 11, 1945 (as Nazi Germany was nearly defeated at that time), brought all three of these southeast <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Rim" title="Pacific Rim">Pacific Rim</a> nations of the Western Hemisphere's Pacific coast into conflict with Japan by the war's end. The future of <a href="/wiki/Trinidad" title="Trinidad">Trinidad</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Guiana" title="British Guiana">British</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surinam_(Dutch_colony)" title="Surinam (Dutch colony)">Dutch Guiana</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/British_West_Indies" title="British West Indies">British</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_West_Indies" title="French West Indies">French</a> possessions in the <a href="/wiki/Leeward_Islands" title="Leeward Islands">Leeward Islands</a> at the hands of Imperial Japan were meant to be left open for negotiations with Nazi Germany had the Axis forces been victorious.<sup id="cite_ref-Weinberg_46-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinberg-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Asian_puppet_states">Asian puppet states</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Asian puppet states"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>East Indies Kingdom</i></li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Borneo" title="British Borneo">British Borneo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andaman_Islands" title="Andaman Islands">Andaman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicobar_Islands" title="Nicobar Islands">Nicobar Islands</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Timor" title="Portuguese Timor">Portuguese Timor</a> (to be purchased from Portugal)<sup id="cite_ref-Weinberg_46-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinberg-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <ul><li><i>Kingdom of Burma</i></li></ul> <dl><dd>Burma proper, <a href="/wiki/Assam_Province" title="Assam Province">Assam</a> (a province of the British Raj), and a large part of <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Weinberg_46-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinberg-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <ul><li><i>Kingdom of Malaya</i></li></ul> <dl><dd>Remainder of the <a href="/wiki/Monarchies_of_Malaysia" title="Monarchies of Malaysia">Malay states</a><sup id="cite_ref-Weinberg_46-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinberg-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <ul><li><i>Kingdom of Annam</i></li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Annam_(French_protectorate)" title="Annam (French protectorate)">Annam</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_of_Laos" title="French protectorate of Laos">Laos</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tonkin_(French_protectorate)" title="Tonkin (French protectorate)">Tonkin</a><sup id="cite_ref-Weinberg_46-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinberg-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <ul><li><i>Kingdom of Cambodia</i></li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_Cochinchina" title="French Cochinchina">French Cochinchina</a><sup id="cite_ref-Weinberg_46-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinberg-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Puppet states which already existed at the time, the Land Disposal Plan has been drafted, were: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Empire of Manchuria</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd>Chinese Manchuria</dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">Republic of China</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd>Other parts of China occupied by Japan</dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mengjiang" title="Mengjiang">Mengjiang</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a> territories west of Manchuria, since 1940 officially a part of the Republic of China. It was meant as a starting point for a regime which would cover all of Mongolia.</dd></dl> <p>Contrary to the plan Japan installed a puppet state on the Philippines instead of exerting direct control. In the former French Indochina, the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Vietnam" title="Empire of Vietnam">Empire of Vietnam</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kampuchea_(1945)" title="Kingdom of Kampuchea (1945)">Kingdom of Kampuchea</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Luang_Prabang_(Japanese_puppet_state)" title="Kingdom of Luang Prabang (Japanese puppet state)">Kingdom of Luang Prabang</a> were founded. Vietnam attempted to work for independence and made progressive reforms.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The State of Burma did not become a kingdom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_parties_and_movements_with_Japanese_support">Political parties and movements with Japanese support</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Political parties and movements with Japanese support"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Azad Hind</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_nationalism" title="Indian nationalism">Indian nationalist</a> movement)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_League" title="Indian Independence League">Indian Independence League</a> (Indian nationalist movement)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Party" title="Indonesian National Party">Indonesian National Party</a> (Indonesian nationalist movement)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KALIBAPI" title="KALIBAPI">Kapisanan ng Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas</a> (Philippine nationalist ruling party of the Second Philippine Republic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesatuan_Melayu_Muda" title="Kesatuan Melayu Muda">Kesatuan Melayu Muda</a> (Malayan nationalist movement)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Issarak" title="Khmer Issarak">Khmer Issarak</a> (Cambodian-Khmer nationalist group)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thakins" title="Thakins">Dobama Asiayone</a> (We Burmans Association) (<a href="/wiki/Bamar_people" title="Bamar people">Burmese</a> nationalist association)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t_National_Socialist_Party" title="Đại Việt National Socialist Party">Đại Việt National Socialist Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_nationalism" title="Vietnamese nationalism">Vietnamese nationalist</a> movement)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administration">Administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Imperial_Japan" title="Collaboration with Imperial Japan">Collaboration with Imperial Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Development_Board" title="East Asia Development Board">East Asia Development Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Rule_Assistance_Association" title="Imperial Rule Assistance Association">Imperial Rule Assistance Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_East_Asian_leaders_in_the_Japanese_sphere_of_influence_(1931%E2%80%931945)" title="List of East Asian leaders in the Japanese sphere of influence (1931–1945)">List of East Asian leaders in the Japanese sphere of influence (1931–1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Greater_East_Asia" title="Ministry of Greater East Asia">Ministry of Greater East Asia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People">People</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: People"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hachir%C5%8D_Arita" title="Hachirō Arita">Hachirō Arita</a>: an army thinker who thought up the Greater East Asian concept</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikki_Kita" title="Ikki Kita">Ikki Kita</a>: a Japanese nationalist who developed a similar pan-Asian concept</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sat%C5%8D_Nobuhiro" title="Satō Nobuhiro">Satō Nobuhiro</a>: the alleged developer of the Greater East Asia concept</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Related_topics">Related topics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Related topics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flying_geese_paradigm" title="Flying geese paradigm">Flying geese paradigm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">Japanese war crimes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kantokuen" title="Kantokuen">Kantokuen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_extremism_in_Japan" title="Political extremism in Japan">Political extremism in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanaka_Memorial" title="Tanaka Memorial">Tanaka Memorial</a> (<i>Tanaka Jōsōbun</i>) – an alleged Japanese strategic planning document from 1927 in which Prime Minister Baron <a href="/wiki/Tanaka_Giichi" title="Tanaka Giichi">Tanaka Giichi</a>, who laid out a strategy to take over the world for <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Hirohito</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Others">Others</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Federation" title="Balkan Federation">Balkan Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civilizing_mission" title="Civilizing mission">Civilizing mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasianism" title="Eurasianism">Eurasianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Germanic_Reich" title="Greater Germanic Reich">Greater Germanic Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Serbia" title="Greater Serbia">Greater Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Bloc_(proposed_alliance)" title="Latin Bloc (proposed alliance)">Latin Bloc (proposed alliance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine" title="Monroe Doctrine">Monroe Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Order_(Nazism)" title="New Order (Nazism)">New Order (Nazism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavism" title="Pan-Slavism">Pan-Slavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_world" title="Russian world"><i>Russkiy mir</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scramble_for_Africa" title="Scramble for Africa">Scramble for Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_man%27s_burden" class="mw-redirect" title="White man's burden">White man's burden</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMatthiessen2015" class="citation book cs1">Matthiessen, Sven (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=llPeCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA28"><i>Japanese Pan-Asianism and the Philippines from the Late Nineteenth Century to the End of World War II: Going to the Philippines Is Like Coming Home?</i></a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004305724" title="Special:BookSources/9789004305724"><bdi>9789004305724</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japanese+Pan-Asianism+and+the+Philippines+from+the+Late+Nineteenth+Century+to+the+End+of+World+War+II%3A+Going+to+the+Philippines+Is+Like+Coming+Home%3F&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9789004305724&rft.aulast=Matthiessen&rft.aufirst=Sven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DllPeCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+East+Asia+Co-Prosperity+Sphere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">William L. O'Neill, <i>A Democracy at War: America's Fight at Home and Abroad in World War II</i>. Free Press, 1993, p. 53. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-923678-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-923678-9">0-02-923678-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColegrove1941" class="citation journal cs1">Colegrove, Kenneth (1941). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2049073">"The New Order in East Asia"</a>. <i>The Far Eastern Quarterly</i>. <b>1</b> (1): 5–24. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2049073">10.2307/2049073</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2049073">2049073</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162713869">162713869</a> – via JSTOR.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Far+Eastern+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+New+Order+in+East+Asia&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=5-24&rft.date=1941&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162713869%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2049073%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2049073&rft.aulast=Colegrove&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2049073&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+East+Asia+Co-Prosperity+Sphere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFW._Giles2015" class="citation journal cs1">W. Giles, Nathaniel (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dc.etsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1265&context=honors">"The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere: The Failure of Japan's 'Monroe Doctrine' for Asia"</a>. <i>Undergraduate Honors Theses</i> (295): 2–34 – via East Tennessee State University Digital Commons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Undergraduate+Honors+Theses&rft.atitle=The+Greater+East+Asia+Co-Prosperity+Sphere%3A+The+Failure+of+Japan%27s+%27Monroe+Doctrine%27+for+Asia&rft.issue=295&rft.pages=2-34&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=W.+Giles&rft.aufirst=Nathaniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdc.etsu.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1265%26context%3Dhonors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+East+Asia+Co-Prosperity+Sphere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDower1986" class="citation book cs1">Dower, John W. (1986). <i>War Without Mercy: Race & Power in the Pacific War</i> (1st ed.). New York: Pantheon Books. pp. 262–290. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/039450030X" title="Special:BookSources/039450030X"><bdi>039450030X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/13064585">13064585</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+Without+Mercy%3A+Race+%26+Power+in+the+Pacific+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=262-290&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Pantheon+Books&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F13064585&rft.isbn=039450030X&rft.aulast=Dower&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+East+Asia+Co-Prosperity+Sphere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/DOC_0000710366.pdf">"The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>United States Central Intelligence Agency</i>. 10 August 1945<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.atitle=The+Greater+East+Asia+Co-Prosperity+Sphere&rft.date=1945-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Freadingroom%2Fdocs%2FDOC_0000710366.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+East+Asia+Co-Prosperity+Sphere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095905411">"Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere"</a>. <i>A Dictionary of World History</i>. Oxford University Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Dictionary+of+World+History&rft.atitle=Greater+East+Asia+Co-Prosperity+Sphere&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Foi%2Fauthority.20110803095905411&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+East+Asia+Co-Prosperity+Sphere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/ja:%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E8%BF%91%E8%A1%9B%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E" class="extiw" title="s:ja:第二次近衛声明">第二次近衛声明</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (2006), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5P9bgGxfYKUC&dq=%22new+order+of+east+asia%22+%22greater+east+asia+co-prosperity%22&pg=PA63">Asian security reassessed</a></i>, pp. 48-49, 63, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/981-230-400-2" title="Special:BookSources/981-230-400-2">981-230-400-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James L. McClain, <i>Japan: A Modern History</i> p 460 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-04156-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-04156-5">0-393-04156-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William L. O'Neill, <i>A Democracy at War</i>, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Columbia-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Columbia_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Columbia_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Columbia_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/special/japan_1900_power.htm">"Japan's Quest for Power and World War II in Asia"</a>. <i>Asia for Educators, Columbia University</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Asia+for+Educators%2C+Columbia+University&rft.atitle=Japan%27s+Quest+for+Power+and+World+War+II+in+Asia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fafe.easia.columbia.edu%2Fspecial%2Fjapan_1900_power.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+East+Asia+Co-Prosperity+Sphere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apjjf.org/2011/9/49/Janis-Mimura/3657/article.html">"Japan's New Order and Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere: Planning for Empire"</a>. <i>The Asia-Pacific Journal – Japan Focus</i>. 6 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Asia-Pacific+Journal+%E2%80%93+Japan+Focus&rft.atitle=Japan%27s+New+Order+and+Greater+East+Asia+Co-Prosperity+Sphere%3A+Planning+for+Empire&rft.date=2011-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapjjf.org%2F2011%2F9%2F49%2FJanis-Mimura%2F3657%2Farticle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+East+Asia+Co-Prosperity+Sphere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rhodes248-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rhodes248_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rhodes248_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anthony Rhodes, <i>Propaganda: The art of persuasion: World War II</i>, p. 248, 1976, Chelsea House Publishers, New York</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James L. McClain, <i>Japan: A Modern History</i> p 471 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-04156-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-04156-5">0-393-04156-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James L. McClain, <i>Japan: A Modern History</i> p 495 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-04156-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-04156-5">0-393-04156-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMori2006" class="citation thesis cs1">Mori, Takato (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/46518898.pdf"><i><span></span>'Co-Prosperity' or 'Commonwealth'?: Japan, Britain and Burma 1940-1945</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (PhD). ProQuest LLC. p. 4<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=%27Co-Prosperity%27+or+%27Commonwealth%27%3F%3A+Japan%2C+Britain+and+Burma+1940-1945&rft.inst=ProQuest+LLC&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Mori&rft.aufirst=Takato&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcore.ac.uk%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F46518898.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+East+Asia+Co-Prosperity+Sphere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDower1986" class="citation book cs1">Dower, John W. (1986). <i>War Without Mercy: Race & Power in the Pacific War</i> (1st ed.). New York: Pantheon Books. pp. 263–264. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/039450030X" title="Special:BookSources/039450030X"><bdi>039450030X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/13064585">13064585</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+Without+Mercy%3A+Race+%26+Power+in+the+Pacific+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=263-264&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Pantheon+Books&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F13064585&rft.isbn=039450030X&rft.aulast=Dower&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+East+Asia+Co-Prosperity+Sphere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chickering, R., & Forster, S. (Eds.). (2003). The shadows of total war: Europe, East Asia, and the United States, 1919-1939. Cambridge University Press, pg. 330</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John W. Dower, <i>War Without Mercy: Race & Power in the Pacific War</i> pp. 24–25 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-50030-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-50030-X">0-394-50030-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-i6-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-i6_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Iriye, Akira. (1999). <i>Pearl Harbor and the coming of the Pacific War: a Brief History with Documents and Essays</i>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevine1995" class="citation book cs1">Levine, Alan J. (1995). <i>The Pacific War: Japan Versus the Allies</i>. Westport: Praeger. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MuyizRQAjt4C&q=%22An+Investigation+of+Global+Policy+with+the+Yamato+Race+as+Nucleus%22+australia&pg=PA92">92</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0275951022" title="Special:BookSources/0275951022"><bdi>0275951022</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/31516895">31516895</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pacific+War%3A+Japan+Versus+the+Allies&rft.place=Westport&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F31516895&rft.isbn=0275951022&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=Alan+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+East+Asia+Co-Prosperity+Sphere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greater_East_Asia_Conference-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Greater_East_Asia_Conference_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greater_East_Asia_Conference_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ww2db.com/battle_spec.php?battle_id=70">"Greater East Asia Conference"</a>. <i>World War II Database</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+War+II+Database&rft.atitle=Greater+East+Asia+Conference&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fww2db.com%2Fbattle_spec.php%3Fbattle_id%3D70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+East+Asia+Co-Prosperity+Sphere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G._Beasley,_p_204-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-G._Beasley,_p_204_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G._Beasley,_p_204_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">W. G. Beasley, <i>The Rise of Modern Japan</i>, p. 204 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-04077-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-04077-6">0-312-04077-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gordon_(historian)" title="Andrew Gordon (historian)">Andrew Gordon</a>, <i>A Modern History of Japan: From Tokugawa to the Present</i>, p. 211, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-511060-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-511060-9">0-19-511060-9</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/49704795">49704795</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbel2016" class="citation book cs1">Abel, Jessamyn (November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hawaii.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.21313/hawaii/9780824841072.001.0001/upso-9780824841072-chapter-008"><i>The International Minimum: Creativity and Contradiction in Japan's Global Engagement, 1933–1964</i></a>. Hawaii Scholarship Online. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21313%2Fhawaii%2F9780824841072.001.0001">10.21313/hawaii/9780824841072.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824841072" title="Special:BookSources/9780824841072"><bdi>9780824841072</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153084986">153084986</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+International+Minimum%3A+Creativity+and+Contradiction+in+Japan%27s+Global+Engagement%2C+1933%E2%80%931964&rft.pub=Hawaii+Scholarship+Online&rft.date=2016-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153084986%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.21313%2Fhawaii%2F9780824841072.001.0001&rft.isbn=9780824841072&rft.aulast=Abel&rft.aufirst=Jessamyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhawaii.universitypressscholarship.com%2Fview%2F10.21313%2Fhawaii%2F9780824841072.001.0001%2Fupso-9780824841072-chapter-008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+East+Asia+Co-Prosperity+Sphere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jon Davidann, "Citadels of Civilization: U.S. and Japanese Visions of World Order in the Interwar Period", in Richard Jensen, et al. eds., <i>Trans-Pacific Relations: America, Europe, and Asia in the Twentieth Century</i> (2003) pp. 21–43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aaron Moore, <i>Constructing East Asia: Technology, Ideology, and Empire in Japan's Wartime Era, 1931–1945</i> (2013) 226–227</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeong-il2005" class="citation journal cs1">Keong-il, Kim (2005). "Nationalism and Colonialism in Japan's 'Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere' in World War II". <i>The Review of Korean Studies</i>. <b>8</b> (2): 65–89.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Review+of+Korean+Studies&rft.atitle=Nationalism+and+Colonialism+in+Japan%27s+%27Greater+East+Asia+Co-Prosperity+Sphere%27+in+World+War+II&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=65-89&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Keong-il&rft.aufirst=Kim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+East+Asia+Co-Prosperity+Sphere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laszlo Sluimers, "The Japanese military and Indonesian independence", <i>Journal of Southeast Asian Studies</i> (1996) 27#1 pp. 19–36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bob Hering, <i>Soekarno: Founding Father of Indonesia, 1901–1945</i> (2003)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Francis K. Danquah, "Reports on Philippine Industrial Crops in World War II from Japan's English Language Press", <i>Agricultural History</i> (2005) 79#1 pp. 74–96. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3744878">3744878</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanley Karnow, <i>In Our Image: America's Empire in the Philippines</i> (1989), pp. 308–309</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Satoshi Ara, "Food supply problem in Leyte, Philippines, during the Japanese Occupation (1942–44)", <i>Journal of Southeast Asian Studies</i> (2008) 39#1 pp 59–82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Francis K. Danquah, "Japan's Food Farming Policies in Wartime Southeast Asia: The Philippine Example, 1942–1944", <i>Agricultural History</i> (1990) 64#3, pp. 60–80. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3743634">3743634</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/philippines/21.htm">"World War II"</a>, in Ronald E. Dolan, ed. <i>Philippines: A Country Study</i> (1991)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lebra, Joyce C. (1975). <i>Japan's Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere in World War II: Selected Readings and Documents</i>, p. 157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lebra, p. 160.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lebra, p. 158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anthony Rhodes, <i>Propaganda: The art of persuasion: World War II</i>, p253 1976, Chelsea House Publishers, New York</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anthony Rhodes, <i>Propaganda: The art of persuasion: World War II</i>, p254 1976, Chelsea House Publishers, New York</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://2bangkok.com/wwiipropaganda.shtml">Japanese Propaganda Booklet from World War II</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101025220021/http://2bangkok.com/wwiipropaganda.shtml">Archived</a> 25 October 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-psyop-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-psyop_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psywarrior.com/JapanPSYOPWW2.html">JAPANESE PSYOP DURING WWII</a>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_P._Hoyt" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin P. Hoyt">Edwin P. Hoyt</a>, <i>Japan's War</i>, p 326 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-030612-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-030612-5">0-07-030612-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaskett2008" class="citation book cs1">Baskett, Michael (2008). <i>The Attractive Empire: Transnational Film Culture in Imperial Japan</i>. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781441619709" title="Special:BookSources/9781441619709"><bdi>9781441619709</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/436157559">436157559</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Attractive+Empire%3A+Transnational+Film+Culture+in+Imperial+Japan&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=University+of+Hawai%27i+Press&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F436157559&rft.isbn=9781441619709&rft.aulast=Baskett&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+East+Asia+Co-Prosperity+Sphere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weinberg-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weinberg_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinberg_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinberg_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinberg_46-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinberg_46-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinberg_46-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinberg_46-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinberg_46-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinberg_46-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinberg_46-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinberg_46-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinberg_46-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinberg_46-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinberg_46-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinberg_46-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinberg_46-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinberg_46-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinberg_46-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinberg_46-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinberg_46-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinberg_46-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinberg_46-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Weinberg, L. Gerhard. (2005). <i>Visions of Victory: The Hopes of Eight World War II Leaders</i> p.62-65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">検察側文書 1987 号、法廷証 679 号（1946 年 10 月 9 日付速記録）</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStorry1973" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Storry" title="Richard Storry">Storry, Richard</a> (1973). <i>The double patriots; a study of Japanese nationalism</i>. Westport: Greenwood Press. pp. 317–319. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0837166438" title="Special:BookSources/0837166438"><bdi>0837166438</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/516227">516227</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+double+patriots%3B+a+study+of+Japanese+nationalism&rft.place=Westport&rft.pages=317-319&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F516227&rft.isbn=0837166438&rft.aulast=Storry&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+East+Asia+Co-Prosperity+Sphere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rich-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rich_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorman1973" class="citation book cs1">Norman, Rich (1973). <i>Hitler's War Aims: Ideology, the Nazi State, and the Course of Expansion</i>. W.W. Norton & Company Inc. p. 235.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+War+Aims%3A+Ideology%2C+the+Nazi+State%2C+and+the+Course+of+Expansion&rft.pages=235&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton+%26+Company+Inc.&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=Rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+East+Asia+Co-Prosperity+Sphere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-levine92-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-levine92_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-levine92_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-levine92_50-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-levine92_50-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-levine92_50-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-levine92_50-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Levine (1995), p. 92</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephan, J. J. (2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PbA7zURbxd8C&dq=%22Land+Disposal+Plan%22+japan&pg=PA150">Hawaii Under the Rising Sun: Japan's Plans for Conquest After Pearl Harbor</a>, p. 159, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8248-2550-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8248-2550-0">0-8248-2550-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuruta2017" class="citation book cs1">Furuta, Motoo (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://waseda.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_uri&item_id=39280&file_id=98&file_no=1">"Some Issues Surrounding the Evaluation of the Trần Trọng Kim Cabinet"</a>. <i>Vietnam-Indochina-Japan Relations during the Second World War</i>. Waseda University Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies. pp. 124–129.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Some+Issues+Surrounding+the+Evaluation+of+the+Tr%E1%BA%A7n+Tr%E1%BB%8Dng+Kim+Cabinet&rft.btitle=Vietnam-Indochina-Japan+Relations+during+the+Second+World+War&rft.pages=124-129&rft.pub=Waseda+University+Institute+of+Asia-Pacific+Studies&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Furuta&rft.aufirst=Motoo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwaseda.repo.nii.ac.jp%2F%3Faction%3Drepository_uri%26item_id%3D39280%26file_id%3D98%26file_no%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+East+Asia+Co-Prosperity+Sphere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaskett2008" class="citation book cs1">Baskett, Michael (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lx4QfrTyvWEC"><i>The Attractive Empire: Transnational Film Culture in Imperial Japan</i></a>. Honolulu: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawai%27i_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Hawai'i Press">University of Hawai'i Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-3223-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-3223-0"><bdi>978-0-8248-3223-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Attractive+Empire%3A+Transnational+Film+Culture+in+Imperial+Japan&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=University+of+Hawai%27i+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-3223-0&rft.aulast=Baskett&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dlx4QfrTyvWEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+East+Asia+Co-Prosperity+Sphere" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Dower" title="John W. Dower">Dower, John W.</a> (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X-Th04d7jj0C&q=War+Without+Mercy:+Race+and+Power+in+the+Pacific+War"><i>War without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War.</i></a> New York: <a href="/wiki/Pantheon_Books" title="Pantheon Books">Pantheon Books</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-50030-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-50030-0">978-0-394-50030-0</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13064585">13064585</a></li> <li>Fisher, Charles A. (1950) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1790152">"The Expansion of Japan: A Study in Oriental Geopolitics: Part II. The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere." <i>The Geographical Journal</i> (1950): 179–193.</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuff2020" class="citation book cs1">Huff, Gregg (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/world-war-ii-and-southeast-asia/5EE13B3424DE481C5AD6E1B82D0058D2"><i>World War II and Southeast Asia: Economy and Society under Japanese Occupation</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781316162934" title="Special:BookSources/9781316162934"><bdi>9781316162934</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+War+II+and+Southeast+Asia%3A+Economy+and+Society+under+Japanese+Occupation&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781316162934&rft.aulast=Huff&rft.aufirst=Gregg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Fworld-war-ii-and-southeast-asia%2F5EE13B3424DE481C5AD6E1B82D0058D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+East+Asia+Co-Prosperity+Sphere" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Iriye, Akira. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sIIZIgAACAAJ&q=Pearl+Harbor+and+the+coming+of+the+Pacific+War+:a+Brief+History+with+Documents+and+Essays"><i>Pearl Harbor and the Coming of the Pacific War: A Brief History with Documents and Essays.</i></a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> Boston: <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-21818-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-21818-8">978-0-312-21818-8</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/40985780">40985780</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Lebra" title="Joyce Lebra">Lebra, Joyce C.</a> (ed.) (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TnVuAAAAMAAJ&q=Japan%27s+Greater+East+Asia+Co-Prosperity+Sphere+in+World+War+II:+Selected+Readings+and+Documents"><i>Japan's Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere in World War II: Selected Readings and Documents.</i></a> Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-638265-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-638265-4">978-0-19-638265-4</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1551953">1551953</a></li> <li>Levine, Alan J. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/library/2007523/the-pacific-war-japan-versus-the-allies"><i>The Pacific War: Japan versus the Allies</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190705120137/https://www.questia.com/library/2007523/the-pacific-war-japan-versus-the-allies">Archived</a> 5 July 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Santa Barbara: Greenwood, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-95102-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-95102-2">0-275-95102-2</a>)</li> <li>Myers, Ramon Hawley and Mark R. Peattie. (1984) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KqNiaX7b4bgC&q=The+Japanese+Colonial+Empire,+1895-1945"><i>The Japanese Colonial Empire, 1895–1945.</i></a> Princeton: <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-10222-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-10222-1">978-0-691-10222-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Peattie" title="Mark Peattie">Peattie, Mark R.</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RpDDxDAxHjEC&dq=Mark+R.+Peattie&pg=RA1-PA217">"The Japanese Colonial Empire, 1895–1945,"</a> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RpDDxDAxHjEC"><i>The Cambridge History of Japan: The Twentieth Century</i></a> (editor, Peter Duus). Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-22357-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-22357-7">978-0-521-22357-7</a></li> <li>Swan, William L. (1996) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20071764">in JSTOR</a> "Japan's Intentions for Its Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere as Indicated in Its Policy Plans for Thailand" <i>Journal of Southeast Asian Studies</i> 27#1 (1996) pp. 139–149</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToll2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ian_W._Toll" title="Ian W. Toll">Toll, Ian W.</a> (2011). <i><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Crucible:_War_at_Sea_in_the_Pacific,_1941%E2%80%931942" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Crucible: War at Sea in the Pacific, 1941–1942">Pacific Crucible: War at Sea in the Pacific, 1941–1942</a></i>. New York: W. W. Norton.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pacific+Crucible%3A+War+at+Sea+in+the+Pacific%2C+1941%E2%80%931942&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Toll&rft.aufirst=Ian+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+East+Asia+Co-Prosperity+Sphere" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToll2015" class="citation book cs1">——— (2015). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Conquering_Tide:_War_in_the_Pacific_Islands,_1942%E2%80%931944" class="mw-redirect" title="The Conquering Tide: War in the Pacific Islands, 1942–1944">The Conquering Tide: War in the Pacific Islands, 1942–1944</a></i>. New York: W. W. Norton.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Conquering+Tide%3A+War+in+the+Pacific+Islands%2C+1942%E2%80%931944&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Toll&rft.aufirst=Ian+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+East+Asia+Co-Prosperity+Sphere" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToll2020" class="citation book cs1">——— (2020). <i><a href="/wiki/Twilight_of_the_Gods:_War_in_the_Western_Pacific,_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Twilight of the Gods: War in the Western Pacific, 1944–1945">Twilight of the Gods: War in the Western Pacific, 1944–1945</a></i>. New York: W. W. Norton.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twilight+of+the+Gods%3A+War+in+the+Western+Pacific%2C+1944%E2%80%931945&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Toll&rft.aufirst=Ian+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+East+Asia+Co-Prosperity+Sphere" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matome_Ugaki" title="Matome Ugaki">Ugaki, Matome</a>. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hAZnAAAAMAAJ&q=Fading+Victory:+The+Diary+of+Ugaki+Matome,+1941-1945"><i>Fading Victory: The Diary of Ugaki Matome, 1941–1945.</i></a> Pittsburgh: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Press" title="University of Pittsburgh Press">University of Pittsburgh Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8229-3665-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8229-3665-7">978-0-8229-3665-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Vande_Walle" title="Willy Vande Walle">Vande Walle, Willy</a> <i>et al.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101228021446/http://www.researchportal.be/en/project/the-money-doctors-from-japan-finance-imperialism-and-the-building-of-the-yen-bloc-1894-1937--(KUL_3H070265)/"><i>The 'Money Doctors' from Japan: Finance, Imperialism, and the Building of the Yen Bloc, 1894–1937</i></a> (abstract). FRIS/Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 2007–2010.</li> <li>Yellen, Jeremy A. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501735561/the-greater-east-asia-co-prosperity-sphere/#bookTabs=1">The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere: When Total Empire Met Total War.</a> Ithaca: <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1501735547" title="Special:BookSources/978-1501735547">978-1501735547</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080829194844/http://www.adam-matthew-publications.co.uk/digital_guides/fo_japan_series1_prt1to2/japanese_minister_officals.aspx#sixth">Foreign Office Files for Japan and the Far East</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ww2db.com/battle_spec.php?battle_id=70">WW2DB: Greater East Asia Conference</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Empire_of_Japan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Empire_of_Japan" title="Template:Empire of Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Empire_of_Japan" title="Template talk:Empire of Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Empire_of_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Empire of Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Empire_of_Japan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_Empire_of_Japan" title="Agriculture in the Empire of Japan">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Empire_of_Japan" title="Censorship in the Empire of Japan">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demography_of_the_Empire_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Demography of the Empire of Japan">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Empire_of_Japan" title="Economy of the Empire of Japan">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Japan#Prewar_period" title="Economic history of Japan">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Empire_of_Japan" title="Education in the Empire of Japan">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_system" title="Emperor system">System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics_in_Japan" title="Eugenics in Japan">Eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_commerce_and_shipping_of_the_Empire_of_Japan" title="Foreign commerce and shipping of the Empire of Japan">Foreign commerce and shipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_production_in_Sh%C5%8Dwa_Japan" title="Industrial production in Shōwa Japan">Industrial production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_militarism" title="Japanese militarism">Militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_nationalism" title="Japanese nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_essentialism" title="National essentialism">Essentialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Empire_of_Japan_(1914%E2%80%931944)" title="Politics of the Empire of Japan (1914–1944)">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statism_in_Sh%C5%8Dwa_Japan" title="Statism in Shōwa Japan">Statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Shinto" title="State Shinto">State Shinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazoku" title="Kazoku">Kazoku</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Imperial Seal of Japan"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/80px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/120px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/160px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Emperors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Meiji" title="Emperor Meiji">Meiji <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mutsuhito)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taish%C5%8D" title="Emperor Taishō">Taishō <span style="font-size:85%;">(Yoshihito)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Shōwa <span style="font-size:85%;">(Hirohito)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Japan" title="Flag of Japan">Flag of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rising_Sun_Flag" title="Rising Sun Flag">Rising Sun Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_seals_of_Japan" title="National seals of Japan">National seals of Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan" title="Imperial Seal of Japan">Imperial Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Seal_of_Japan" title="Government Seal of Japan">Government Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Seal_of_Japan" title="State Seal of Japan">State Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privy_Seal_of_Japan" title="Privy Seal of Japan">Privy Seal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimigayo" title="Kimigayo">Kimigayo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meiji_Constitution" title="Meiji Constitution">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_Oath" title="Charter Oath">Charter Oath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Meiji_Japan" title="Foreign relations of Meiji Japan">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Rescript_on_Education" title="Imperial Rescript on Education">Imperial Rescript on Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Rule_Assistance_Association" title="Imperial Rule Assistance Association">Imperial Rule Assistance Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokusan_Sonendan" title="Yokusan Sonendan">Yokusan Sonendan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Japan_Youth_Party" title="Great Japan Youth Party">Great Japan Youth Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokutai" title="Kokutai">Kokutai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokusatsu" title="Mokusatsu">Mokusatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Spiritual_Mobilization_Movement" title="National Spiritual Mobilization Movement">National Spiritual Mobilization Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Preservation_Law" title="Peace Preservation Law">Peace Preservation Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_of_the_Empire_of_Japan" title="Political parties of the Empire of Japan">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Judicature_of_Japan" title="Supreme Court of Judicature of Japan">Supreme Court of Judicature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokubetsu_K%C5%8Dt%C5%8D_Keisatsu" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokubetsu Kōtō Keisatsu">Tokkō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonarigumi" title="Tonarigumi">Tonarigumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_East_Asia_Conference" title="Greater East Asia Conference">Greater East Asia Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senbu" title="Senbu">Senbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Airways" title="Imperial Japanese Airways">Imperial Japanese Airways</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_structure_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Government" title="Administrative structure of the Imperial Japanese Government">Administration<br />(ministries)</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Imperial_Household" title="Ministry of the Imperial Household">Imperial Household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Ministry" title="Home Ministry">Home Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_War_(pre-modern_Japan)" title="Ministry of War (pre-modern Japan)">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Ministry" title="Army Ministry">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Navy_(Japan)" title="Ministry of the Navy (Japan)">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Treasury" title="Ministry of the Treasury">Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Japan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)">Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_and_Commerce" title="Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce">Agriculture and Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(Japan)" title="Ministry of Commerce and Industry (Japan)">Commerce and Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Munitions_(Japan)" title="Ministry of Munitions (Japan)">Munitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Colonial_Affairs_(Japan)" title="Ministry of Colonial Affairs (Japan)">Colonial Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Greater_East_Asia" title="Ministry of Greater East Asia">Greater East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Development_Board" title="East Asia Development Board">East Asia Development Board (Kōain)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_structure_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Government" title="Administrative structure of the Imperial Japanese Government">Legislative and<br />deliberative bodies</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daij%C5%8D-kan" title="Daijō-kan">Daijō-kan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_Japan" title="Privy Council of Japan">Privy Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gozen_Kaigi" title="Gozen Kaigi">Gozen Kaigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Diet#History" title="National Diet">Imperial Diet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Peers_(Japan)" title="House of Peers (Japan)">Peers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Japan)" title="House of Representatives (Japan)">Representatives</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Armed_Forces" title="Imperial Japanese Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_General_Headquarters" title="Imperial General Headquarters">Imperial General Headquarters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army_General_Staff_Office" title="Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office">Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy_General_Staff" title="Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff">Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Rescript_to_Soldiers_and_Sailors" title="Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors">Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senjinkun_military_code" title="Senjinkun military code"><i>Senjinkun</i> military code</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_nuclear_weapons_program" title="Japanese nuclear weapons program">Nuclear weapons program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamikaze" title="Kamikaze">Kamikaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">War crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_War_Council_(Japan)" title="Supreme War Council (Japan)">Supreme War Council</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conscription_in_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conscription in Japan (page does not exist)">Conscription</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army_General_Staff_Office" title="Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office">General Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army_Air_Service" title="Imperial Japanese Army Air Service">Air Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army_Railways_and_Shipping_Section" title="Imperial Japanese Army Railways and Shipping Section">Railways and Shipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Guard_(Japan)" title="Imperial Guard (Japan)">Imperial Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Way_Faction" title="Imperial Way Faction">Imperial Way Faction (Kōdōha)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_holdout" title="Japanese holdout">Japanese holdout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Army_of_Japan" title="Taiwan Army of Japan">Taiwan Army of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dseiha" title="Tōseiha">Control Faction (Tōseiha)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempeitai" title="Kempeitai">Kempeitai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Japanese Navy</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy_General_Staff" title="Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff">General Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy_Air_Service" title="Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service">Air Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Marines" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Japanese Marines">Marines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokubetsu_Keisatsutai" title="Tokubetsu Keisatsutai">Tokkeitai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_Faction" title="Fleet Faction">Fleet Faction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_Faction" title="Treaty Faction">Treaty Faction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Meiji_era" title="Meiji era">Meiji era</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">Meiji Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beipu_uprising" title="Beipu uprising">Beipu uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boshin_War" title="Boshin War">Boshin War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Lords_Incident" title="Two Lords Incident">Two Lords Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsuma_Rebellion" title="Satsuma Rebellion">Satsuma Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War" title="First Sino-Japanese War">First Sino-Japanese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_Intervention" title="Triple Intervention">Triple Intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo%E2%80%93Japanese_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo–Japanese Alliance">Anglo–Japanese Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Taiwan_(1874)" title="Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1874)">Invasion of Taiwan (1874)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Taiwan_(1895)" title="Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895)">Invasion of Taiwan (1895)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D_era" title="Taishō era">Taishō era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_I" title="Japan during World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Japanese entry into World War I">Entry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_intervention_in_Siberia" title="Japanese intervention in Siberia">Siberian Intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Election_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="General Election Law">General Election Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Naval_Treaty" title="Washington Naval Treaty">Washington Naval Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchuria%E2%80%93Mongolia_problem" title="Manchuria–Mongolia problem">Manchuria–Mongolia problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D_Democracy" title="Taishō Democracy">Taishō Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D_Roman" title="Taishō Roman">Taishō Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapani_incident" title="Tapani incident">Tapani incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truku_War" title="Truku War">Truku War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_Equality_Proposal" title="Racial Equality Proposal">Racial Equality Proposal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_era" title="Shōwa era">Shōwa era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_financial_crisis" title="Shōwa financial crisis">Shōwa financial crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinan_incident" title="Jinan incident">Jinan incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Naval_Treaty" title="London Naval Treaty">London Naval Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musha_Incident" title="Musha Incident">Musha Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacification_of_Manchukuo" title="Pacification of Manchukuo">Pacification of Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28_incident" title="January 28 incident">January 28 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motherland_controversy" title="Motherland controversy">Motherland controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Comintern_Pact" title="Anti-Comintern Pact">Anti-Comintern Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_border_conflicts" title="Soviet–Japanese border conflicts">Soviet–Japanese border conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Rape of Nanking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_Neutrality_Pact" title="Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact">Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Japan during World War II">Japan during World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War" title="Soviet–Japanese War">Soviet–Japanese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Surrender</a> (<a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration" title="Potsdam Declaration">Potsdam Declaration</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hirohito_surrender_broadcast" title="Hirohito surrender broadcast">Hirohito surrender broadcast</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">Occupation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Colonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karafuto_Prefecture" title="Karafuto Prefecture">Karafuto</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Naichi" class="mw-redirect" title="Naichi">naichi</a></i> after 1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Chōsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwantung_Leased_Territory" title="Kwantung Leased Territory">Kantō-shū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Seas_Mandate" title="South Seas Mandate">Nan'yō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Japanese_rule" title="Taiwan under Japanese rule">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Puppet states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengjiang" title="Mengjiang">Mengjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">Wang Jingwei regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Second Philippine Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Vietnam" title="Empire of Vietnam">Empire of Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Burma" title="State of Burma">State of Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Azad Hind</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_territories_acquired_by_the_Empire_of_Japan" title="List of territories acquired by the Empire of Japan">Occupied territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_British_Borneo" title="Japanese occupation of British Borneo">Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Burma" title="Japanese occupation of Burma">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" title="French Indochina in World War II">French Indochina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong" title="Japanese occupation of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Philippines" title="Japanese occupation of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Singapore" title="Japanese occupation of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Thailand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yen_bloc" title="Yen bloc">Yen bloc</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonn%C5%8D_j%C5%8Di" title="Sonnō jōi">Sonnō jōi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukoku_ky%C5%8Dhei" title="Fukoku kyōhei">Fukoku kyōhei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakk%C5%8D_ichiu" title="Hakkō ichiu">Hakkō ichiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_settlers_in_Manchuria" title="Japanese settlers in Manchuria">Japanese settlers in Manchuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese-run_internment_camps_during_World_War_II" title="List of Japanese-run internment camps during World War II">Internment camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Japanese_industrial_co-operation_before_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="German–Japanese industrial co-operation before World War II">German pre–World War II industrial co-operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinmin_no_Michi" title="Shinmin no Michi">Shinmin no Michi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_Modan" title="Shōwa Modan">Shōwa Modan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_thought_in_Imperial_Japan" title="Socialist thought in Imperial Japan">Socialist thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Imperial_Japan_Serviceman" title="Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman">Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasukuni_Shrine" title="Yasukuni Shrine">Yasukuni Shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">International Military Tribunal for the Far East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_dissidence_in_the_Empire_of_Japan" title="Political dissidence in the Empire of Japan">Political dissidence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_occupied_by_the_Empire_of_Japan_during_World_War_II" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Japanese_occupations" title="Template:Japanese occupations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Japanese_occupations" title="Template talk:Japanese occupations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese_occupations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese occupations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_occupied_by_the_Empire_of_Japan_during_World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_territories_occupied_by_Imperial_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of territories occupied by Imperial Japan">Countries and territories occupied</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Burma" title="Japanese occupation of Burma">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island#Japanese_invasion" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Gilbert_Islands" title="Japanese occupation of the Gilbert Islands">Gilbert Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong" title="Japanese occupation of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_in_World_War_II#Capture_of_Indian_territory" title="India in World War II">India</a>: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Japanese occupation of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru" title="Japanese occupation of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_New_Guinea" title="Japanese occupation of New Guinea">New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_British_Borneo" title="Japanese occupation of British Borneo">Sarawak, Brunei, Labuan and British North Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Singapore" title="Japanese occupation of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Solomon_Islands" title="Japanese occupation of the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_(1868%E2%80%931945).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Imperial Japanese Army"><img alt="Imperial Japanese Army" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg/50px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg/75px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg/100px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States#Former_territories_and_administered_areas" title="Territories of the United States">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Attu" title="Japanese occupation of Attu">Attu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Guam" title="Japanese occupation of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Kiska" title="Japanese occupation of Kiska">Kiska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Philippines" title="Japanese occupation of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island#World_War_II" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mengjiang" title="Mengjiang">Mengkiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" title="French Indochina in World War II">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Cambodia" title="Japanese occupation of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Laos_to_1945#Crisis_of_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Laos to 1945">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese occupation of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch East Indies Campaign">Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_New_Guinea" title="Japanese occupation of New Guinea">New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_West_Sumatra" title="Japanese occupation of West Sumatra">West Sumatra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies_campaign" title="Dutch East Indies campaign">Portugal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Portuguese Timor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1931–1945</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Seas_Mandate" title="South Seas Mandate">South Seas Mandate</a>: <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands#German_possession_and_Japanese_mandate" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Marianas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="States_and_territories_in_the_sphere_of_influence_of_the_Empire_of_Japan_during_World_War_II" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:States_and_territories_in_the_sphere_of_influence_of_the_Empire_of_Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Template:States and territories in the sphere of influence of the Empire of Japan during World War II"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:States_and_territories_in_the_sphere_of_influence_of_the_Empire_of_Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Template talk:States and territories in the sphere of influence of the Empire of Japan during World War II"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:States_and_territories_in_the_sphere_of_influence_of_the_Empire_of_Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:States and territories in the sphere of influence of the Empire of Japan during World War II"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="States_and_territories_in_the_sphere_of_influence_of_the_Empire_of_Japan_during_World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">States and territories in the sphere of influence of the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg/23px-Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg/35px-Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg/45px-Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/East_Hebei_Autonomous_Government" title="East Hebei Autonomous Government">East Hebei Autonomous Government</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Jinbei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jinbei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Jinbei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jinbei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Jinbei.svg/45px-Flag_of_Jinbei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/North_Shanxi_Autonomous_Government" title="North Shanxi Autonomous Government">North Shanxi Autonomous Government</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Chanan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chanan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Chanan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chanan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Chanan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chanan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/South_Chahar_Autonomous_Government" title="South Chahar Autonomous Government">South Chahar Autonomous Government</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mengjiang" title="Mengjiang">Mengjiang United Autonomous Government</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_the_Great_Way_Municipal_Government_of_Shanghai.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Great_Way_Municipal_Government_of_Shanghai.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_the_Great_Way_Municipal_Government_of_Shanghai.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Great_Way_Municipal_Government_of_Shanghai.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_the_Great_Way_Municipal_Government_of_Shanghai.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Great_Way_Municipal_Government_of_Shanghai.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Great_Way_Government" title="Great Way Government">Shanghai Great Way Government</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China_%281939%E2%80%931940%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China_%281939%E2%80%931940%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China_%281939%E2%80%931940%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China_%281939%E2%80%931940%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China_%281939%E2%80%931940%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China_%281939%E2%80%931940%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China_(1937%E2%80%931940)" title="Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1937–1940)">Provisional Government of China</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Reformed Government of the Republic of China">Reformed Government of China</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_%28Peace%2C_Anti-Communism%2C_National_Construction%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_%28Peace%2C_Anti-Communism%2C_National_Construction%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_%28Peace%2C_Anti-Communism%2C_National_Construction%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_%28Peace%2C_Anti-Communism%2C_National_Construction%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_%28Peace%2C_Anti-Communism%2C_National_Construction%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_%28Peace%2C_Anti-Communism%2C_National_Construction%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="587" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">Reorganized National Government of China</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Kingdom of Thailand</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Burma_1943.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burma_1943.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Burma_1943.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burma_1943.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Burma_1943.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burma_1943.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Burma" title="State of Burma">State of Burma</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/1931_Flag_of_India.svg/23px-1931_Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/1931_Flag_of_India.svg/35px-1931_Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/1931_Flag_of_India.svg/45px-1931_Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Provisional Government of Free India</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281943%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281943%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281943%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281943%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281943%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281943%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Republic of the Philippines</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French Indochina</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%281945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%281945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%281945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%281945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%281945%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%281945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Vietnam" title="Empire of Vietnam">Empire of Vietnam</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Cambodia_%281863%E2%80%931948%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia_%281863%E2%80%931948%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Cambodia_%281863%E2%80%931948%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia_%281863%E2%80%931948%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Cambodia_%281863%E2%80%931948%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia_%281863%E2%80%931948%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kampuchea_(1945)" title="Kingdom of Kampuchea (1945)">Kingdom of Kampuchea</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Laos_%281952%E2%80%931975%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos_%281952%E2%80%931975%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Laos_%281952%E2%80%931975%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos_%281952%E2%80%931975%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Laos_%281952%E2%80%931975%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos_%281952%E2%80%931975%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Luang_Prabang_(Japanese_puppet_state)" title="Kingdom of Luang Prabang (Japanese puppet state)">Kingdom of Luang Prabang</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Occupied Dutch East Indies</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_West_Sumatra" title="Japanese occupation of West Sumatra">Occupied West Sumatra</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Occupied Malaya</a></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_British_Borneo" title="Japanese occupation of British Borneo">Occupied British Borneo</a></div></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong" title="Japanese occupation of Hong Kong">Occupied Hong Kong</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Singapore" title="Japanese occupation of Singapore">Occupied Singapore</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Guam" title="Japanese occupation of Guam">Occupied Guam</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru" title="Japanese occupation of Nauru">Occupied Nauru</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Gilbert_Islands" title="Japanese occupation of the Gilbert Islands">Occupied Gilbert Islands</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Solomon_Islands" title="Japanese occupation of the Solomon Islands">Occupied Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_New_Guinea" title="Japanese occupation of New Guinea">Occupied New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_East_Asia_Conference" title="Greater East Asia Conference">Greater East Asia Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Japan&#124;link=Japan_Foreign_relations_of_Japan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Japan" title="Template:Foreign relations of Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_Japan" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Japan&#124;link=Japan_Foreign_relations_of_Japan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Japan" title="Foreign relations of Japan">Foreign relations of Japan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Bilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bilateralism" title="Bilateralism">Bilateral</a> relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Algeria–Japan relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Angola–Japan relations">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Botswana–Japan relations">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Djibouti–Japan relations">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Egypt–Japan relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Ethiopia–Japan relations">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Japan–Kenya relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Mozambique_relations" title="Japan–Mozambique relations">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Namibia_relations" title="Japan–Namibia relations">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Nigeria_relations" title="Japan–Nigeria relations">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Somalia_relations" title="Japan–Somalia relations">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Japan–South Africa relations">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Argentina–Japan relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Barbados–Japan relations">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Bolivia–Japan relations">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Brazil–Japan relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Canada–Japan relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Chile–Japan relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Colombia–Japan relations">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Cuba–Japan relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Ecuador–Japan relations">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Mexico_relations" title="Japan–Mexico relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Paraguay_relations" title="Japan–Paraguay relations">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Japan–Peru relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Trinidad_and_Tobago_relations" title="Japan–Trinidad and Tobago relations">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Japan–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations" title="Japan–Uruguay relations">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Japan–Venezuela relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Afghanistan–Japan relations">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Armenia–Japan relations">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Japan relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Bahrain–Japan relations">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Bangladesh–Japan relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Bhutan–Japan relations">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Brunei–Japan relations">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Cambodia–Japan relations">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="China–Japan relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="East Timor–Japan relations">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Georgia–Japan relations">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="India–Japan relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Indonesia–Japan relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Iran–Japan relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Israel–Japan relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Laos_relations" title="Japan–Laos relations">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Malaysia_relations" title="Japan–Malaysia relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Maldives_relations" title="Japan–Maldives relations">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Mongolia_relations" title="Japan–Mongolia relations">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Myanmar_relations" title="Japan–Myanmar relations">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Nepal_relations" title="Japan–Nepal relations">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93North_Korea_relations" title="Japan–North Korea relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="Japan–Pakistan relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Japan–Palestine relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Japan–Philippines relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Qatar_relations" title="Japan–Qatar relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Japan–Saudi Arabia relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Singapore_relations" title="Japan–Singapore relations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Japan–South Korea relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Sri_Lanka_relations" title="Japan–Sri Lanka relations">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Japan–Taiwan relations">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Thailand_relations" title="Japan–Thailand relations">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Japan–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Japan–Vietnam relations">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Albania–Japan relations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Austria–Japan relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Belgium–Japan relations">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Croatia–Japan relations">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Czech Republic–Japan relations">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Denmark–Japan relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Finland–Japan relations">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="France–Japan relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Germany–Japan relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Greece–Japan relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Hungary–Japan relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Holy See–Japan relations">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Iceland–Japan relations">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Ireland–Japan relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Italy–Japan relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Kosovo_relations" title="Japan–Kosovo relations">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Liechtenstein_relations" title="Japan–Liechtenstein relations">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Lithuania_relations" title="Japan–Lithuania relations">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Malta_relations" title="Japan–Malta relations">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Montenegro_relations" title="Japan–Montenegro relations">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Japan–Netherlands relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Poland_relations" title="Japan–Poland relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Portugal_relations" title="Japan–Portugal relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Japan–Russia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Japan–Serbia relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Japan–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="Japan–Sweden relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Japan–Ukraine relations">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Japan–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Australia–Japan relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Fiji–Japan relations">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93New_Zealand_relations" title="Japan–New Zealand relations">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Palau_relations" title="Japan–Palau relations">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Tonga_relations" title="Japan–Tonga relations">Tonga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan%E2%80%93Russian_Empire_relations" title="Empire of Japan–Russian Empire relations">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Japan–Soviet Union relations">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Japan–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/60px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/90px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/120px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Multilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Multilateralism" title="Multilateralism">Multilateral</a> relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_foreign_policy_on_Africa" title="Japanese foreign policy on Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Arab_League_relations" title="Japan–Arab League relations">Arab world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Latin_America_relations" title="Japan–Latin America relations">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Oceania_relations" title="Japan–Oceania relations">Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_foreign_policy_on_Southeast_Asia" title="Japanese foreign policy on Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Japan–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_and_the_United_Nations" title="Japan and the United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Diplomatic_history" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diplomatic history</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_missions_to_Imperial_China" title="Japanese missions to Imperial China">Missions to Imperial China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_seal_ships" title="Red seal ships">Red seal ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanban_trade" title="Nanban trade">Nanban trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakoku" title="Sakoku">Sakoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseon_missions_to_Japan" title="Joseon missions to Japan">Joseon missions to Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_missions_to_Joseon" title="Japanese missions to Joseon">Japanese missions to Joseon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_missions_to_Edo" title="Dutch missions to Edo">Dutch missions to Edo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_missions_to_Edo" title="Ryukyuan missions to Edo">Ryukyuan missions to Edo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Meiji_Japan" title="Foreign relations of Meiji Japan">Foreign relations of Meiji Japan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japan%E2%80%93Korea_relations" title="History of Japan–Korea relations">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_China%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="History of China–Japan relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_Japanese_ODA_scandal" title="Marcos Japanese ODA scandal">Marcos scandals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Territorial_disputes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Territorial disputes</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Joint_Development_Zone" title="Japan–Korea Joint Development Zone">Japan–Korea Joint Development Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuril_Islands_dispute" title="Kuril Islands dispute">Kuril Islands dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liancourt_Rocks_dispute" title="Liancourt Rocks dispute">Liancourt Rocks dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senkaku_Islands" title="Senkaku Islands">Senkaku Islands dispute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Japan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Japan)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Japan)">Minister for Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Japan" title="List of diplomatic missions of Japan">Diplomatic missions of Japan</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Japan" title="List of diplomatic missions in Japan">in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_economic_cooperation_policy_of_Japan" title="International economic cooperation policy of Japan">Development assistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_International_Cooperation_Agency" title="Japan International Cooperation Agency">JICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Overseas_Cooperation_Volunteers" title="Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers">JOCV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_relations_of_Japan" title="Economic relations of Japan">Economic relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_External_Trade_Organization" title="Japan External Trade Organization">JETRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Philippines_Economic_Partnership_Agreement" title="Japan–Philippines Economic Partnership Agreement">JPEPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Alliance_Leaders_Meeting" title="Pacific Alliance Leaders Meeting">Pacific Alliance Leaders Meeting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q696192#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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