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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Japan–Netherlands relations</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relations_entre_le_Japon_et_les_Pays-Bas" title="Relations entre le Japon et les Pays-Bas – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Relations entre le Japon et les Pays-Bas" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubungan_Belanda_dengan_Jepang" title="Hubungan Belanda dengan Jepang – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hubungan Belanda dengan Jepang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93%E2%80%93%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%9F" title="יחסי הולנד–יפן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יחסי הולנד–יפן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japans-Nederlandse_betrekkingen" title="Japans-Nederlandse betrekkingen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Japans-Nederlandse betrekkingen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%98%AD%E9%96%A2%E4%BF%82" title="日蘭関係 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="日蘭関係" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Bilateral relations</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><caption class="infobox-title">Dutch-Japanese relations</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japan_Netherlands_Locator.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating locations of Japan and the Netherlands"><img alt="Map indicating locations of Japan and the Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Japan_Netherlands_Locator.svg/250px-Japan_Netherlands_Locator.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Japan_Netherlands_Locator.svg/375px-Japan_Netherlands_Locator.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Japan_Netherlands_Locator.svg/500px-Japan_Netherlands_Locator.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightgrey"></th></tr><tr style="height:0.6em"> <td style="background:#339933;"></td> <td style="background:#E08020;"></td> </tr><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/68px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/90px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center; border-left:thin solid lightgrey;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/68px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/90px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dutch_ship_in_Nagasaki_c_1820.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Dutch_ship_in_Nagasaki_c_1820.jpg/220px-Dutch_ship_in_Nagasaki_c_1820.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Dutch_ship_in_Nagasaki_c_1820.jpg/330px-Dutch_ship_in_Nagasaki_c_1820.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Dutch_ship_in_Nagasaki_c_1820.jpg/440px-Dutch_ship_in_Nagasaki_c_1820.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2556" data-file-height="1412" /></a><figcaption>Dutch ship arriving in Nagasaki in 1818</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Japan–Netherlands relations</b> are the <a href="/wiki/Bilateral_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilateral relations">bilateral relations</a> between <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. Relations between Japan and the Netherlands date back to 1609, when the first formal trade relations were established.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ref1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ref2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japan%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Dutch_missions_to_Edo" title="Dutch missions to Edo">Dutch missions to Edo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rangaku" title="Rangaku">Rangaku</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curious_Japanese_watching_Dutchmen_on_Dejima.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Curious_Japanese_watching_Dutchmen_on_Dejima.jpg/220px-Curious_Japanese_watching_Dutchmen_on_Dejima.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Curious_Japanese_watching_Dutchmen_on_Dejima.jpg/330px-Curious_Japanese_watching_Dutchmen_on_Dejima.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Curious_Japanese_watching_Dutchmen_on_Dejima.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="469" /></a><figcaption>Curious <a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese</a> watching <a href="/wiki/Dutch_People" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch People">Dutchmen</a> in the Nagasakiya in Edo</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_trade">Early trade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japan%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early trade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 1600, the ship "de Liefde" arrived on the coast of Bungo (present-day <a href="/wiki/Usuki" class="mw-redirect" title="Usuki">Usuki</a>), with a dwindled, exhausted and sickly crew of survivors, the only ship remaining of the initial five vessels that departed from Rotterdam in 1598. This crew included <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Quaeckernaeck" title="Jacob Quaeckernaeck">Jacob Quaeckernaeck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melchior_van_Santvoort" title="Melchior van Santvoort">Melchior van Santvoort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Joosten" class="mw-redirect" title="Jan Joosten">Jan Joosten</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Adams_(sailor,_born_1564)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Adams (sailor, born 1564)">William Adams</a>. The crew and ship's contents were seized under orders from <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Ieyasu" title="Tokugawa Ieyasu">Tokugawa Ieyasu</a>, the ruler at the time, and upon extracting information from some of the members brought to court about foreign affairs and the purpose of their mission, he permitted some to ship out on <a href="/wiki/Red_Seal_Ships" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Seal Ships">Red Seal Ships</a>, thus starting the first trading collaborations between the Dutch and the Japanese.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When formal trade relations were established in 1609 at the behest of <a href="/wiki/William_Adams_(sailor,_born_1564)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Adams (sailor, born 1564)">William Adams</a>, the Dutch were granted extensive trading rights, and set up a trading outpost at <a href="/wiki/Hirado#Dutch_East_India_Company_outpost" class="mw-redirect" title="Hirado">Hirado</a>, operated by the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a>. They traded exotic Asian goods such as spices, textiles, porcelain, and silk. When the <a href="/wiki/Shimabara_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Shimabara uprising">Shimabara uprising</a> of 1637 happened, in which <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> Japanese started a rebellion against the <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a>, it was crushed with the help of the Dutch. As a result, all Christian nations who gave aid to the rebels were expelled, leaving the Dutch the only commercial partner from the <a href="/wiki/Western_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Western World">West</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ref2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the expelled nations was <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> who had a trading post in <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a> harbor on an artificial island called <a href="/wiki/Dejima" title="Dejima">Dejima</a>. In a move of the shogunate to take the Dutch trade away from the Hirado clan, the entire Dutch trading post was moved to Dejima.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_cooperation">Military cooperation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japan%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Military cooperation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the forcible opening of Japan by an American fleet commanded by <a href="/wiki/Matthew_C._Perry" title="Matthew C. Perry">Commodore Perry</a> in 1854, the Netherlands was one of five countries to conclude a <a href="/wiki/1858_Treaty_of_Amity_and_Commerce_between_the_Netherlands_and_Japan" title="1858 Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the Netherlands and Japan">treaty with Japan in 1858</a>, the so-called <a href="/wiki/Ansei_Treaties" title="Ansei Treaties">Ansei Treaties</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hollanders_op_stap_op_een_vrije_dag_in_Yokohama_Yokohama_kyujitsu_Oranda-jin_yuko_(serietitel),_NG-663-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Hollanders_op_stap_op_een_vrije_dag_in_Yokohama_Yokohama_kyujitsu_Oranda-jin_yuko_%28serietitel%29%2C_NG-663-3.jpg/220px-Hollanders_op_stap_op_een_vrije_dag_in_Yokohama_Yokohama_kyujitsu_Oranda-jin_yuko_%28serietitel%29%2C_NG-663-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Hollanders_op_stap_op_een_vrije_dag_in_Yokohama_Yokohama_kyujitsu_Oranda-jin_yuko_%28serietitel%29%2C_NG-663-3.jpg/330px-Hollanders_op_stap_op_een_vrije_dag_in_Yokohama_Yokohama_kyujitsu_Oranda-jin_yuko_%28serietitel%29%2C_NG-663-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Hollanders_op_stap_op_een_vrije_dag_in_Yokohama_Yokohama_kyujitsu_Oranda-jin_yuko_%28serietitel%29%2C_NG-663-3.jpg/440px-Hollanders_op_stap_op_een_vrije_dag_in_Yokohama_Yokohama_kyujitsu_Oranda-jin_yuko_%28serietitel%29%2C_NG-663-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3912" data-file-height="5700" /></a><figcaption>Dutch family in <a href="/wiki/Yokohama" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a>, 1861</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1860s, the <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa Shogunate</a> decided to modernize the Japanese fleet. To do this, orders were placed for modern steam powered warships. The first of which was the <a href="/wiki/ZM_SS_Soembing" class="mw-redirect" title="ZM SS Soembing">ZM SS <i>Soembing</i></a>, a gift from <a href="/wiki/King" title="King">King</a> <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_the_Netherlands" title="William III of the Netherlands">William III of the Netherlands</a>, which was renamed the <a href="/wiki/Kank%C5%8D_Maru" class="mw-redirect" title="Kankō Maru">Kankō Maru</a>. To train Japanese sailors in the use of these new and powerful ships the <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki_Naval_Training_Center" title="Nagasaki Naval Training Center">Nagasaki Naval Training Center</a> was established at the entrance of Dejima, to maximize interaction with Dutch naval know-how. Among the students at the Nagasaki Naval Training Center was <a href="/wiki/Enomoto_Takeaki" title="Enomoto Takeaki">Enomoto Takeaki</a>, one of the founders of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Japanese Navy</a>. Following the opening of Japan to trade, the Dutch special mission in Nagasaki was closed down in 1860 and first Dutch Consulate was opened in Edo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japan%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:De_Liefde_Windmill,_Sakura,_Chiba,_Japan_-_20060417.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/De_Liefde_Windmill%2C_Sakura%2C_Chiba%2C_Japan_-_20060417.jpg/220px-De_Liefde_Windmill%2C_Sakura%2C_Chiba%2C_Japan_-_20060417.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/De_Liefde_Windmill%2C_Sakura%2C_Chiba%2C_Japan_-_20060417.jpg/330px-De_Liefde_Windmill%2C_Sakura%2C_Chiba%2C_Japan_-_20060417.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/De_Liefde_Windmill%2C_Sakura%2C_Chiba%2C_Japan_-_20060417.jpg/440px-De_Liefde_Windmill%2C_Sakura%2C_Chiba%2C_Japan_-_20060417.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>A replica 18th century Dutch windmill fabricated in the Netherlands and then assembled on the shore of Lake Imba near <a href="/wiki/Sakura,_Chiba" title="Sakura, Chiba">Sakura, Japan</a> in 1994, named in honour of 'The Love' (De Liefde), the first Dutch sailing vessel to reach Japan in 1600. Also notable are the many <a href="/wiki/Tulip_mania" title="Tulip mania">tulips</a> on the foreground.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_East_Indies_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Netherlands East Indies campaign">Netherlands East Indies campaign</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post_war_Japanese–Dutch_relations"><span id="Post_war_Japanese.E2.80.93Dutch_relations"></span>Post war Japanese–Dutch relations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japan%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post war Japanese–Dutch relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The relations between Japan and the Netherlands after 1945 have been complicated. The invasion and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">occupation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_East_Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="Netherlands East Indies">Netherlands East Indies</a> during World War II, brought about the destruction of the colonial state in Indonesia, as the Japanese removed as much of the Dutch government as they could, weakening the post war grip the Netherlands had over the territory. Under diplomatic pressure from the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the Netherlands recognised Indonesian sovereignty in 1949 (see <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Indonesia" title="United States of Indonesia">United States of Indonesia</a>). </p><p>Emperor <a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Hirohito</a> landed in the Netherlands for a state visit on 8 October 1971. The visit was controversial because of the World War II troubles, and his delegation had to be protected from protesters.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japanese flags were burned by radical far-left activists of the <a href="/wiki/Red_Youth_(Netherlands)" title="Red Youth (Netherlands)">Red Youth</a> in front of the media and a bomb alert was reported when the Japanese embassy was threatened. The Japanese press reacted furiously to the reception. After the visit, the Dutch government repeatedly apologised to Japan, and the mood in Japan turned positive when Hirohito called the visit a "success."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Increasingly positive relations were largely felt in the consumer electronics industry, where the Netherlands's <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a> and Japan's <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> - both major electronics companies at the time - worked together in making several popular mass market technologies such as the <a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">compact disc</a> (CD).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the 24 August 2009, the Netherlands released a commemorative 5 euro coin to celebrate 400 years of relations.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japan%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_school_of_Rotterdam_(1).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Japanese_school_of_Rotterdam_%281%29.JPG/220px-Japanese_school_of_Rotterdam_%281%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Japanese_school_of_Rotterdam_%281%29.JPG/330px-Japanese_school_of_Rotterdam_%281%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Japanese_school_of_Rotterdam_%281%29.JPG/440px-Japanese_school_of_Rotterdam_%281%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Japanese_School_of_Rotterdam" title="Japanese School of Rotterdam">Japanese School of Rotterdam</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Amsterdam has one <a href="/wiki/Nihonjin_gakk%C5%8D" title="Nihonjin gakkō">Japanese-medium day school</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_School_of_Amsterdam" title="Japanese School of Amsterdam">Japanese School of Amsterdam</a>. There is also a school in Rotterdam, the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_School_of_Rotterdam" title="Japanese School of Rotterdam">Japanese School of Rotterdam</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Hosh%C5%AB_jugy%C5%8D_k%C5%8D" title="Hoshū jugyō kō">Saturday Japanese supplementary schools</a> in the Netherlands include Japanese Saturday School Amsterdam, <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">Den Haag</a>-Rotterdam Japanese Saturday School in Rotterdam, Stichting the Japanese School of <a href="/wiki/Tilburg" title="Tilburg">Tilburg</a>, and Stichting <a href="/wiki/Maastricht" title="Maastricht">Maastricht</a> Japanese Supplementary School.<sup id="cite_ref-MEXTEuropeHoshuko_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MEXTEuropeHoshuko-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Maastricht school was founded in 1992 as an outgrowth of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joppenhoff_International_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joppenhoff International School (page does not exist)">Joppenhoff International School</a>. It began with 15 students, and grew as large as 30, but declined in concert with the economy, and as of 2004 enrolled just 20 students.<sup id="cite_ref-Dell_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dell-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Saturday School of The Hague and Rotterdam was formed in 1996 from a merger of the two separate Saturday Japanese schools of those cities.<sup id="cite_ref-Satschoolintro_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Satschoolintro-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diplomacy">Diplomacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japan%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Diplomacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holland_Hills.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Holland_Hills.jpg/220px-Holland_Hills.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Holland_Hills.jpg/330px-Holland_Hills.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Holland_Hills.jpg/440px-Holland_Hills.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2827" data-file-height="3769" /></a><figcaption>Holland Hills building, and embassy in the foreground</figcaption></figure> <p>Japan has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>. The Netherlands has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> and a Consulate-general in <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japan%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Japan" title="Foreign relations of Japan">Foreign relations of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Netherlands" title="Foreign relations of the Netherlands">Foreign relations of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Empire">Dutch Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huis_Ten_Bosch_(theme_park)" title="Huis Ten Bosch (theme park)">Huis Ten Bosch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_people_in_the_Netherlands" title="Japanese people in the Netherlands">Japanese people in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan-Netherlands_Institute" title="Japan-Netherlands Institute">Japan-Netherlands Institute</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japan%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Matthi Forrer, <i>Dutch-Japanese Relations, 1600-2000: A Brief History</i> (2001).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref1_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitsubishi Corporation – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mitsubishicorp.com/en/mm/regional/sep0108.html"><i>Regional Report on the Kingdom of the Netherlands</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081120164514/http://www.mitsubishicorp.com/en/mm/regional/sep0108.html">Archived</a> 2008-11-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ref2_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ref2_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">400 jaar handel – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.400jaarhandel.nl/"><i>Four centuries of Japanese–Dutch trade relations: 1609–2009</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080111044011/http://www.400jaarhandel.nl/">Archived</a> 2008-01-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grant Kohn Goodman, <i>Japan: the Dutch experience</i> (A&C Black, 2013).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kazuhiko Togo,. <i>Japan's foreign policy, 1945-2009: The quest for a proactive policy</i> (Brill, 2010).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ndl.go.jp/nichiran/e/index.html">Japan-Netherlands Exchange in the Edo Period (National Diet Library. Japan)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edo-Tokyo Museum exhibition catalog, p. 207.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ndl.go.jp/nichiran/e/s1/s1_1.html">Japanese-Netherlands Exchange in the Edo Era: Stranding of De Liefde</a>, retrieved from www.ndl.go.jp, April 14, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isgeschiedenis.nl/nieuws/keizer-hirohitos-controversiele-staatsbezoek-aan-nederland">"Keizer Hirohito's controversiële staatsbezoek aan Nederland"</a>. 8 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Keizer+Hirohito%27s+controversi%C3%ABle+staatsbezoek+aan+Nederland&rft.date=2016-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fisgeschiedenis.nl%2Fnieuws%2Fkeizer-hirohitos-controversiele-staatsbezoek-aan-nederland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapan%E2%80%93Netherlands+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digibron.nl/search/detail/012dd0d8322abd03686d3174/boegeroep-en-stenen-voor-de-keizer">"Digibron.nl, Boegeroep en stenen voor de keizer"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Digibron.nl%2C+Boegeroep+en+stenen+voor+de+keizer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digibron.nl%2Fsearch%2Fdetail%2F012dd0d8322abd03686d3174%2Fboegeroep-en-stenen-voor-de-keizer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapan%E2%80%93Netherlands+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brabantisbright.nl/news/the-same-compact-disc-system-for-everybody/">"Stronger together: The partnership between Philips & Sony"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stronger+together%3A+The+partnership+between+Philips+%26+Sony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrabantisbright.nl%2Fnews%2Fthe-same-compact-disc-system-for-everybody%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapan%E2%80%93Netherlands+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nuvideo.nl/algemeen/30075/japan-vijfje-zorgt-voor-lange-wachtrij.html"><i>News Video of the 5 euro commemorative coin</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MEXTEuropeHoshuko-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MEXTEuropeHoshuko_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/clarinet/002/006/001/002/004.htm">欧州の補習授業校一覧（平成25年4月15日現在）</a>" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140330190146/http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/clarinet/002/006/001/002/004.htm">Archive</a>). <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture,_Sports,_Science_and_Technology" title="Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology">Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology</a> (MEXT). Retrieved on May 10, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dell-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dell_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFO'Dell2004">O'Dell 2004</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Satschoolintro-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Satschoolintro_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jss-haagrotte.nl/en/introduction-en">Introduction</a>" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150215221312/http://www.jss-haagrotte.nl/en/introduction-en">Archive</a>). The Hague-Rotterdam Japanese Saturday School. Retrieved on April 5, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jss-haagrotte.nl/nl/introduction-nl">Dutch version</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150411050922/http://www.jss-haagrotte.nl/nl/introduction-nl">Archive</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jss-haagrotte.nl/ja/introduction-jp">Japanese version</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150411035216/http://www.jss-haagrotte.nl/ja/introduction-jp">Archive</a>).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japan%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Dell2004" class="citation cs2">O'Dell, Casey (June 2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080905132733/http://crossroads.journalismcentre.com/2004/japanese-at-home-in-maastricht/">"Japanese at home in Maastricht"</a>, <i>Crossroads</i>, Maastricht, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://crossroads.journalismcentre.com/2004/japanese-at-home-in-maastricht/">the original</a> on 2008-09-05<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-11-03</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crossroads&rft.atitle=Japanese+at+home+in+Maastricht&rft.date=2004-06&rft.aulast=O%27Dell&rft.aufirst=Casey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcrossroads.journalismcentre.com%2F2004%2Fjapanese-at-home-in-maastricht%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapan%E2%80%93Netherlands+relations" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japan%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Matthi Forrer, <i>Dutch-Japanese Relations, 1600-2000: A Brief History</i> (2001).</li> <li>Grant Kohn Goodman, <i>Japan: the Dutch experience</i> (A&C Black, 2013).</li> <li>M. C. Ricklefs. <i>The Dutch East India Company and Japan, 1600-1850: Trade and the Cultural Exchange</i> (Brill, 2013)</li> <li>Yasuko Suzuki. <i>Japan-Netherlands Trade 1600-1800: The Dutch East India Company and Beyond</i> (2012).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japan%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Relations_of_Japan_and_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Relations of Japan and the Netherlands">Relations of Japan and the Netherlands</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geheugenvannederland.nl/?/en/collecties/nederland_japan/"><i>The Netherlands–Japan: Collections: the Memory of the Netherlands (het Geheugen van Nederland)</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ndl.go.jp/nichiran/e/index.html">Japan-Netherlands Exchange in the Edo Period (National Diet Library. Japan)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nl.emb-japan.go.jp/"><i>Embassy of Japan in the Netherlands (在オランダ日本国大使館)</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.nl/tok-en/"><i>Embassy of the Netherlands in Japan</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081216101741/http://www.mfa.nl/tok-en/">Archived</a> 2008-12-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://namesorts.com/2013/01/28/indian-chinese-russian-and-japanese-directors-in-european-big-business-an-onomastics-view-22/"><i>Japanese business communities in the European Union (plus Switzerland) - an onomastics view (2013)</i></a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Japan" title="Template:Foreign relations of Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_Japan" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Japan&#124;link=Japan_Foreign_relations_of_Japan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Japan" title="Foreign relations of Japan">Foreign relations of Japan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Bilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bilateralism" title="Bilateralism">Bilateral</a> relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Algeria–Japan relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Angola–Japan relations">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Botswana–Japan relations">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Djibouti–Japan relations">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Egypt–Japan relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Ethiopia–Japan relations">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Japan–Kenya relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Mozambique_relations" title="Japan–Mozambique relations">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Namibia_relations" title="Japan–Namibia relations">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Nigeria_relations" title="Japan–Nigeria relations">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Somalia_relations" title="Japan–Somalia relations">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Japan–South Africa relations">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Argentina–Japan relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Barbados–Japan relations">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Bolivia–Japan relations">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Brazil–Japan relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Canada–Japan relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Chile–Japan relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Colombia–Japan relations">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Cuba–Japan relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Ecuador–Japan relations">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Mexico_relations" title="Japan–Mexico relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Paraguay_relations" title="Japan–Paraguay relations">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Japan–Peru relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Trinidad_and_Tobago_relations" title="Japan–Trinidad and Tobago relations">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Japan–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations" title="Japan–Uruguay relations">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Japan–Venezuela relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Afghanistan–Japan relations">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Armenia–Japan relations">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Japan relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Bahrain–Japan relations">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Bangladesh–Japan relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Bhutan–Japan relations">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Brunei–Japan relations">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Cambodia–Japan relations">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="China–Japan relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="East Timor–Japan relations">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Georgia–Japan relations">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="India–Japan relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Indonesia–Japan relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Iran–Japan relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Israel–Japan relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Laos_relations" title="Japan–Laos relations">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Malaysia_relations" title="Japan–Malaysia relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Maldives_relations" title="Japan–Maldives relations">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Mongolia_relations" title="Japan–Mongolia relations">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Myanmar_relations" title="Japan–Myanmar relations">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Nepal_relations" title="Japan–Nepal relations">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93North_Korea_relations" title="Japan–North Korea relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="Japan–Pakistan relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Japan–Palestine relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Japan–Philippines relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Qatar_relations" title="Japan–Qatar relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Japan–Saudi Arabia relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Singapore_relations" title="Japan–Singapore relations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Japan–South Korea relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Sri_Lanka_relations" title="Japan–Sri Lanka relations">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Japan–Taiwan relations">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Thailand_relations" title="Japan–Thailand relations">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Japan–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Japan–Vietnam relations">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Albania–Japan relations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Austria–Japan relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Belgium–Japan relations">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Croatia–Japan relations">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Czech Republic–Japan relations">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Denmark–Japan relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Finland–Japan relations">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="France–Japan relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Germany–Japan relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Greece–Japan relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Hungary–Japan relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Holy See–Japan relations">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Iceland–Japan relations">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Ireland–Japan relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Italy–Japan relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Kosovo_relations" title="Japan–Kosovo relations">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Liechtenstein_relations" title="Japan–Liechtenstein relations">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Lithuania_relations" title="Japan–Lithuania relations">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Malta_relations" title="Japan–Malta relations">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Montenegro_relations" title="Japan–Montenegro relations">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Poland_relations" title="Japan–Poland relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Portugal_relations" title="Japan–Portugal relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Japan–Russia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Japan–Serbia relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Japan–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="Japan–Sweden relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Japan–Ukraine relations">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Japan–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Australia–Japan relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Fiji–Japan relations">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93New_Zealand_relations" title="Japan–New Zealand relations">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Palau_relations" title="Japan–Palau relations">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Tonga_relations" title="Japan–Tonga relations">Tonga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan%E2%80%93Russian_Empire_relations" title="Empire of Japan–Russian Empire relations">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Japan–Soviet Union relations">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Japan–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/60px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/90px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/120px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Multilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Multilateralism" title="Multilateralism">Multilateral</a> relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_foreign_policy_on_Africa" title="Japanese foreign policy on Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Arab_League_relations" title="Japan–Arab League relations">Arab world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Latin_America_relations" title="Japan–Latin America relations">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Oceania_relations" title="Japan–Oceania relations">Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_foreign_policy_on_Southeast_Asia" title="Japanese foreign policy on Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Japan–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_and_the_United_Nations" title="Japan and the United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Diplomatic_history" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diplomatic history</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_missions_to_Imperial_China" title="Japanese missions to Imperial China">Missions to Imperial China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_seal_ships" title="Red seal ships">Red seal ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanban_trade" title="Nanban trade">Nanban trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakoku" title="Sakoku">Sakoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseon_missions_to_Japan" title="Joseon missions to Japan">Joseon missions to Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_missions_to_Joseon" title="Japanese missions to Joseon">Japanese missions to Joseon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_missions_to_Edo" title="Dutch missions to Edo">Dutch missions to Edo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_missions_to_Edo" title="Ryukyuan missions to Edo">Ryukyuan missions to Edo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Meiji_Japan" title="Foreign relations of Meiji Japan">Foreign relations of Meiji Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere" title="Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere">Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japan%E2%80%93Korea_relations" title="History of Japan–Korea relations">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_China%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="History of China–Japan relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_Japanese_ODA_scandal" title="Marcos Japanese ODA scandal">Marcos scandals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Territorial_disputes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Territorial disputes</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Joint_Development_Zone" title="Japan–Korea Joint Development Zone">Japan–Korea Joint Development Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuril_Islands_dispute" title="Kuril Islands dispute">Kuril Islands dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liancourt_Rocks_dispute" title="Liancourt Rocks dispute">Liancourt Rocks dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senkaku_Islands" title="Senkaku Islands">Senkaku Islands dispute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Japan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Japan)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Japan)">Minister for Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Japan" title="List of diplomatic missions of Japan">Diplomatic missions of Japan</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Japan" title="List of diplomatic missions in Japan">in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_economic_cooperation_policy_of_Japan" title="International economic cooperation policy of Japan">Development assistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_International_Cooperation_Agency" title="Japan International Cooperation Agency">JICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Overseas_Cooperation_Volunteers" title="Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers">JOCV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_relations_of_Japan" title="Economic relations of Japan">Economic relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_External_Trade_Organization" title="Japan External Trade Organization">JETRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Philippines_Economic_Partnership_Agreement" title="Japan–Philippines Economic Partnership Agreement">JPEPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Alliance_Leaders_Meeting" title="Pacific Alliance Leaders Meeting">Pacific Alliance Leaders Meeting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Netherlands&#124;link=Netherlands_Foreign_relations_of_the_Netherlands" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_the_Netherlands" title="Template:Foreign relations of the Netherlands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_the_Netherlands" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of the Netherlands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_the_Netherlands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of the Netherlands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Netherlands&#124;link=Netherlands_Foreign_relations_of_the_Netherlands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Netherlands" title="Foreign relations of the Netherlands">Foreign relations of the Netherlands</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Kenya–Netherlands relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Mali–Netherlands relations">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Morocco–Netherlands relations">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Netherlands–South Africa relations">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/90px-State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/135px-State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93Suriname_relations" title="Netherlands–Suriname relations">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Netherlands–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations" title="Netherlands–Uruguay relations">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Netherlands–Venezuela relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Netherlands relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Bangladesh–Netherlands relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="China–Netherlands relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Georgia–Netherlands relations">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="India–Netherlands relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Indonesia–Netherlands relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Iran–Netherlands relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Israel–Netherlands relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Kazakhstan–Netherlands relations">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Region%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Kurdistan Region–Netherlands relations">Kurdistan Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Malaysia–Netherlands relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="Netherlands–Pakistan relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Netherlands–Palestine relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Netherlands–Philippines relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93Singapore_relations" title="Netherlands–Singapore relations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Netherlands–South Korea relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Netherlands–Taiwan relations">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93Thailand_relations" title="Netherlands–Thailand relations">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Netherlands–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Albania–Netherlands relations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Austria–Netherlands relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Belarus–Netherlands relations">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Belgium–Netherlands relations">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Bulgaria–Netherlands relations">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Croatia–Netherlands relations">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Denmark–Netherlands relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Finland–Netherlands relations">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="France–Netherlands relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Germany–Netherlands relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Greece–Netherlands relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Hungary–Netherlands relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Italy–Netherlands relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Kosovo–Netherlands relations">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93Poland_relations" title="Netherlands–Poland relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93Portugal_relations" title="Netherlands–Portugal relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Netherlands–Romania relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Netherlands–Russia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Netherlands–Serbia relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93Slovenia_relations" title="Netherlands–Slovenia relations">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Netherlands–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="Netherlands–Sweden relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Netherlands–Ukraine relations">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Netherlands–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Australia–Netherlands relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93New_Zealand_relations" title="Netherlands–New Zealand relations">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of diplomatic missions of the Netherlands">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of diplomatic missions in the Netherlands">in the Netherlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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