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Special Brigades - Wikipedia

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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Internal security police in occupied Vichy France</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki 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10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Special_Brigades" title="Special:EditPage/Special Brigades">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22Special+Brigades%22">"Special Brigades"</a>&#160;–&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&amp;q=%22Special+Brigades%22+-wikipedia&amp;tbs=ar:1">news</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&amp;q=%22Special+Brigades%22&amp;tbs=bkt:s&amp;tbm=bks">newspapers</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&amp;q=%22Special+Brigades%22+-wikipedia">books</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Special+Brigades%22">scholar</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Special+Brigades%22&amp;acc=on&amp;wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, the <b>Special Brigades</b> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Brigades spéciales</i>, or BS) were a <a href="/wiki/French_police" class="mw-redirect" title="French police">French police force</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a> specializing in tracking down "internal enemies" (i.e. <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">French Resistance</a> workers), dissidents, escaped prisoners, Jews and those evading the <a href="/wiki/Service_du_travail_obligatoire" title="Service du travail obligatoire">obligatory labour service</a>. It was dependent on the <a href="/wiki/Direction_centrale_des_renseignements_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9raux" title="Direction centrale des renseignements généraux">Direction centrale des Renseignements généraux</a> (RG) and worked in direct collaboration with the German civil, secret and military police, the <i><a href="/wiki/Geheime_Feldpolizei" title="Geheime Feldpolizei">Geheime Feldpolizei</a></i>. It was based in room 35 on the first floor of the Paris <a href="/wiki/Prefecture_of_Police" title="Prefecture of Police">Prefecture of Police</a>. The Special Brigades was known to commit <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a>. </p><p>The Special Brigades were formed in March 1940 and tasked with suppressing communist activities.<sup id="cite_ref-Wieviorka_2016_p._421_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wieviorka_2016_p._421-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Special Brigades was organized by the Director of General Information at the Prefecture of Police <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucien_Rott%C3%A9e&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucien Rottée (page does not exist)">Lucien Rottée</a>, who appointed Commissioner Fernand David as Head of the Special Brigades. </p><p>After the Liberation of France, 150 police officers from the Special Brigades were prosecuted. Sixty-four inspectors were sentenced, including twenty-two to the death penalty: ten were executed. Rottée and David were tried, condemned for treason and executed by firing squad at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_de_Montrouge&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort de Montrouge (page does not exist)">Fort de Montrouge</a> on May 5 1945. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special_Brigades&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlingue" title="Carlingue">Carlingue</a>, French auxiliaries working for the <a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezen_Perrot" title="Bezen Perrot">Bezen Perrot</a>, a Breton nationalist formation associated with the <a href="/wiki/SS" class="mw-redirect" title="SS">SS</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special_Brigades&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Wieviorka_2016_p._421-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wieviorka_2016_p._421_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWieviorka2016" class="citation book cs1">Wieviorka, O. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zJC-CwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA421"><i>The French Resistance</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p.&#160;421. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-73122-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-73122-6"><bdi>978-0-674-73122-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vichy_France" title="Template talk:Vichy France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vichy_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vichy France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vichy_France1347" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>World War II collaboration in:</i> <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania" title="German occupation of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wartime_collaboration_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Wartime collaboration in the Baltic states">Baltic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byelorussian_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany" title="Byelorussian collaboration with Nazi Germany">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_World_War_II" title="Denmark in World War II">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_State_(1941%E2%80%931944)" title="Hellenic State (1941–1944)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany" title="Luxembourgish collaboration with Nazi Germany">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quisling_regime" title="Quisling regime">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_in_German-occupied_Poland" title="Collaboration in German-occupied Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Salvation" title="Government of National Salvation">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_in_the_German-occupied_Soviet_Union" title="Collaboration in the German-occupied Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany" title="Ukrainian collaboration with Nazi Germany">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center">Prelude</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Action_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Action Française">Action Française</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Ernest_Boulanger" title="Georges Ernest Boulanger">Boulangism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Camelots_du_Roi" title="Camelots du Roi">Camelots du Roi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreyfus_affair" title="Dreyfus affair">Dreyfus affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Fall of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French colonial empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoney_War" title="Phoney War">Phoney War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_France" title="History of the Jews in France">History of the Jews in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Article_231_of_the_Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles">Article 231</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_guilt_question" title="War guilt question">War guilt question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dorg%C3%A8res" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Dorgères">Henry Dorgères</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center">Beginnings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_22_June_1940" title="Armistice of 22 June 1940">Armistice of 22 June 1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Constitutional_Law_of_1940" title="French Constitutional Law of 1940">French Constitutional Law of 1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Eighty_(Vichy_France)" title="The Eighty (Vichy France)">The Eighty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Philippe Pétain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_du_Parc" title="Hôtel du Parc">Hôtel du Parc</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zone_libre" title="Zone libre">Zone libre</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center">Participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Antignac" title="Joseph Antignac">Joseph Antignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Bergeret" title="Jean-Marie Bergeret">Jean-Marie Bergeret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet" title="René Bousquet">René Bousquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bourgain" title="Louis Bourgain">Louis Bourgain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Broc" title="André Broc">André Broc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Carrel" title="Alexis Carrel">Alexis Carrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Charpentier_(lawyer)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Charpentier (lawyer) (page does not exist)">Jacques Charpentier</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Charpentier_(avocat)" class="extiw" title="fr:Jacques Charpentier (avocat)">fr</a>&#93;</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Coston" title="Henry Coston">Henry Coston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Antoine_Cousteau" title="Pierre-Antoine Cousteau">Pierre-Antoine Cousteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Darlan" title="François Darlan">François Darlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Darquier_de_Pellepoix" title="Louis Darquier de Pellepoix">Louis Darquier de Pellepoix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_D%C3%A9at" title="Marcel Déat">Marcel Déat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_du_Paty_de_Clam" title="Charles du Paty de Clam">Charles du Paty de Clam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-%C3%89tienne_Flandin" title="Pierre-Étienne Flandin">Pierre-Étienne Flandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Henriot" title="Philippe Henriot">Philippe Henriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Henry-Haye" title="Gaston Henry-Haye">Gaston Henry-Haye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Huntziger" title="Charles Huntziger">Charles Huntziger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Pierre Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Leguay" title="Jean Leguay">Jean Leguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Luchaire" title="Jean Luchaire">Jean Luchaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_M%C3%A9n%C3%A9trel" title="Bernard Ménétrel">Bernard Ménétrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Montandon" title="George Montandon">George Montandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Papon" title="Maurice Papon">Maurice Papon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Philippe Pétain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pucheu" title="Pierre Pucheu">Pierre Pucheu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Sabiani" title="Simon Sabiani">Simon Sabiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Touvier" title="Paul Touvier">Paul Touvier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Tulard" title="André Tulard">André Tulard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Vallat" title="Xavier Vallat">Xavier Vallat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxime_Weygand" title="Maxime Weygand">Maxime Weygand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carltheo_Zeitschel" title="Carltheo Zeitschel">Carltheo Zeitschel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center">Governments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Vichy_France" title="Government of Vichy France">Government of Vichy France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Vichy_France#Pétain_and_the_French_State" title="Government of Vichy France">Pétain government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Vichy_France#First_Laval_administration_(1940)" title="Government of Vichy France">First Laval government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Vichy_France#Flandin_regime" title="Government of Vichy France">Flandin government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Vichy_France#Darlan_regime" title="Government of Vichy France">Darlan government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Vichy_France#Second_Laval_administration_(1942-1944)" title="Government of Vichy France">Second Laval government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center">Parties and<br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Vichy)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Council (Vichy)">National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_League" title="French League">French League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_National-Collectivist_Party" title="French National-Collectivist Party">French National-Collectivist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Popular_Party" title="French Popular Party">French Popular Party</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jeunesse_Populaire_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Jeunesse Populaire Française">Jeunesse Populaire Française</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_Franciste" title="Mouvement Franciste">Mouvement Franciste</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_Fran%C3%A7aise_des_Combattants" title="Légion Française des Combattants">Légion Française des Combattants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Popular_Rally" title="National Popular Rally">National Popular Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Social_Movement" title="Revolutionary Social Movement">Revolutionary Social Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasant_Corporation" title="Peasant Corporation">Peasant Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center">Legal and<br />treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_anti-Jewish_legislation" title="Vichy anti-Jewish legislation">Anti-Jewish laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Saint_Jean_d%27Acre" title="Armistice of Saint Jean d&#39;Acre">Armistice of Saint Jean d'Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_constitutional_laws_of_the_Vichy_regime&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="List of constitutional laws of the Vichy regime (page does not exist)">List of constitutional laws of the Vichy regime</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actes_constitutionnels_du_r%C3%A9gime_de_Vichy" class="extiw" title="fr:Actes constitutionnels du régime de Vichy">fr</a>&#93;</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Constitutional_Law_of_1940" title="French Constitutional Law of 1940">French Constitutional Law of 1940</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Protocols" title="Paris Protocols">Paris Protocols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riom_Trial" title="Riom Trial">Riom Trial</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Service_du_travail_obligatoire" title="Service du travail obligatoire">Service du travail obligatoire</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center">Policy &amp;<br />politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany_and_Fascist_Italy" title="Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy">Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Imperial_Japan" title="Collaboration with Imperial Japan">Collaboration with Imperial Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Vichy_France" title="Foreign relations of Vichy France">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Foundation_for_the_Study_of_Human_Problems" title="French Foundation for the Study of Human Problems">French Foundation for the Study of Human Problems</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_jeune_France" title="La jeune France">La jeune France</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_collaboration_in_Vichy_France" title="Police collaboration in Vichy France">Police collaboration in Vichy France</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_situation_in_French_Africa_under_Vichy&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Political situation in French Africa under Vichy (page does not exist)">Political situation in French Africa</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situation_politique_en_Afrique_fran%C3%A7aise_lib%C3%A9r%C3%A9e" class="extiw" title="fr:Situation politique en Afrique française libérée">fr</a>&#93;</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_nationale" title="Révolution nationale">Révolution nationale</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Sections" title="Special Sections">Special Sections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_Holocaust_collaboration_timeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Vichy Holocaust collaboration timeline">Vichy Holocaust collaboration timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center">Press and<br />propaganda</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antisemitic_publications_in_France&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Antisemitic publications in France (page does not exist)">Antisemitic publications</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_under_the_German_occupation_in_France&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Censorship under the German occupation in France (page does not exist)">Censorship under the occupation</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censure_sous_l%27occupation_allemande_en_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Censure sous l&#39;occupation allemande en France">fr</a>&#93;</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_media_in_German-occupied_France" title="Underground media in German-occupied France">Underground media in German-occupied France</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_the_Press_Ordinances_of_1944&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Freedom of the Press Ordinances of 1944 (page does not exist)">Freedom of the Press Ordinances of 1944</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordonnances_de_1944_sur_la_libert%C3%A9_de_la_presse" class="extiw" title="fr:Ordonnances de 1944 sur la liberté de la presse">fr</a>&#93;</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Juif_et_la_France" title="Le Juif et la France">Le Juif et la France</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%A9chal,_nous_voil%C3%A0_!" title="Maréchal, nous voilà !">Maréchal, nous voilà&#160;!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_newspapers_confiscated_for_collaboration" title="French newspapers confiscated for collaboration">Newspapers confiscated for collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_fran%C3%A7ais_d%27information" title="Office français d&#39;information">Office français d'information</a><br /></li> <li><b><span style="color:gray">Press:</span></b> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27Alerte&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="L&#39;Alerte (page does not exist)">L'Alerte</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Alerte" class="extiw" title="fr:L&#39;Alerte">fr</a>&#93;</sup></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Appel" title="L&#39;Appel">L'Appel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aujourd%27hui" title="Aujourd&#39;hui">Aujourd'hui</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Cahier_jaune&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Cahier jaune (page does not exist)">Le Cahier jaune</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Cahier_jaune" class="extiw" title="fr:Le Cahier jaune">fr</a>&#93;</sup></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Cri_du_peuple&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Cri du peuple (page does not exist)">Le Cri du peuple</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Cri_du_peuple_(journal,_1940-1944)" class="extiw" title="fr:Le Cri du peuple (journal, 1940-1944)">fr</a>; <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Cri_du_Peuple" class="extiw" title="it:Le Cri du Peuple">it</a>&#93;</sup></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combats_(Vichy)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Combats (Vichy) (page does not exist)">Combats</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combats" class="extiw" title="fr:Combats">fr</a>&#93;</sup></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Documents_ma%C3%A7onniques&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Documents maçonniques (page does not exist)">Documents maçonniques</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documents_ma%C3%A7onniques" class="extiw" title="fr:Documents maçonniques">fr</a>&#93;</sup></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27%C3%89mancipation_nationale&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="L&#39;Émancipation nationale (page does not exist)">L'Émancipation nationale</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27%C3%89mancipation_nationale" class="extiw" title="fr:L&#39;Émancipation nationale">fr</a>&#93;</sup></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_France_(Sigmaringen)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="La France (Sigmaringen) (page does not exist)">La France</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_France_(Sigmaringen)" class="extiw" title="fr:La France (Sigmaringen)">fr</a>&#93;</sup></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=France,_revue_de_l%27%C3%89tat_nouveau&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="France, revue de l&#39;État nouveau (page does not exist)">France, revue de l'État nouveau</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/France,_revue_de_l%27%C3%89tat_nouveau" class="extiw" title="fr:France, revue de l&#39;État nouveau">fr</a>&#93;</sup></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ici_la_France_(radio)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ici la France (radio) (page does not exist)">Ici la France</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ici_la_France_(Radio_Sigmaringen)" class="extiw" title="fr:Ici la France (Radio Sigmaringen)">fr</a>&#93;</sup></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Id%C3%A9es_(revue,_1941-1944)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Idées (revue, 1941-1944) (page does not exist)">Idées</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Id%C3%A9es_(revue,_1941-1944)" class="extiw" title="fr:Idées (revue, 1941-1944)">fr</a>&#93;</sup></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Je_suis_partout" title="Je suis partout">Je suis partout</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revivre_(periodical)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Revivre (periodical) (page does not exist)">Revivre</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revivre_(p%C3%A9riodique)" class="extiw" title="fr:Revivre (périodique)">fr</a>&#93;</sup></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9volution_nationale_(newspaper)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Révolution nationale (newspaper) (page does not exist)"><i>Révolution nationale</i></a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_nationale_(journal)" class="extiw" title="fr:Révolution nationale (journal)">fr</a>&#93;</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Semaine_(weekly)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="La Semaine (weekly) (page does not exist)">La Semaine</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Semaine_(hebdomadaire_de_spectacles)" class="extiw" title="fr:La Semaine (hebdomadaire de spectacles)">fr</a>&#93;</sup></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27Union_fran%C3%A7aise_(hebdomadaire)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="L&#39;Union française (hebdomadaire) (page does not exist)">L'Union française</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Union_fran%C3%A7aise_(hebdomadaire)" class="extiw" title="fr:L&#39;Union française (hebdomadaire)">fr</a>&#93;</sup></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center">Territory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zone_libre" title="Zone libre">Zone libre</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_military_administration_in_occupied_France_during_World_War_II#Occupation_zones" title="German military administration in occupied France during World War II">Occupied zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon" title="Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon">Syria and Lebanon mandate</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="French_North_Africa23" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_North_Africa" title="French North Africa">French North Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Algeria" title="French Algeria">French Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_in_Morocco" title="French protectorate in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_of_Tunisia" title="French protectorate of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa" title="French West Africa">French West Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ivory_Coast#French_colonial_era" title="History of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Dahomey" title="French Dahomey">Dahomey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Sudan" title="French Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Guinea" title="French Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Mauritania" title="Colonial Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Niger" title="Colony of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Senegal#French_period" title="History of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Upper_Volta" title="French Upper Volta">Upper Volta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Togoland" title="French Togoland">Togoland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Equatorial_Africa" title="French Equatorial Africa">French Equatorial Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Chad" title="French Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Congo" title="French Congo">Middle Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubangi-Shari" title="Ubangi-Shari">Ubangi-Shari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Cameroon" title="French Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia &amp; Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_India" title="French India">French India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French Indochina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_of_Cambodia" title="French protectorate of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_of_Laos" title="French protectorate of Laos">French protectorate of Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Cochinchina" title="French Cochinchina">Cochinchina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annam_(French_protectorate)" title="Annam (French protectorate)">Annam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonkin_(French_protectorate)" title="Tonkin (French protectorate)">Tonkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leased_Territory_of_Guangzhouwan" title="Leased Territory of Guangzhouwan">Kouang-Tchéou-Wan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hebrides" title="New Hebrides">New Hebrides</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_France" title="Antisemitism in France">Jewish<br />affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vichy_anti-Jewish_legislation" title="Vichy anti-Jewish legislation">Laws</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_on_the_status_of_Jews" title="Law on the status of Jews">Law on the status of Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_regarding_foreign_nationals_of_the_Jewish_race" title="Law regarding foreign nationals of the Jewish race">Law regarding foreign nationals of the Jewish race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_law_on_the_status_of_Jews" title="Second law on the status of Jews">Second law on the status of Jews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissariat-General_for_Jewish_Affairs" title="Commissariat-General for Jewish Affairs">Commissariat-General for Jewish Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Council_of_the_Order_of_Physicians&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="National Council of the Order of Physicians (page does not exist)">Order of Physicians</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conseil_national_de_l%27ordre_des_m%C3%A9decins" class="extiw" title="fr:Conseil national de l&#39;ordre des médecins">fr</a>&#93;</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_des_isra%C3%A9lites_de_France" title="Union générale des israélites de France">UGIF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Roundup_(police_action)#France" title="Roundup (police action)">Roundups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roundups_of_Jews_on_the_French_Riviera&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Roundups of Jews on the French Riviera (page does not exist)">French Riviera</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alois_Brunner#Les_rafles_de_Juifs_de_la_Côte_d&#39;Azur" class="extiw" title="fr:Alois Brunner">fr</a>&#93;</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_ticket_roundup" title="Green ticket roundup">Green ticket</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clermont-Ferrand_Roundup&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Clermont-Ferrand Roundup (page does not exist)">Clermont-Ferrand</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafle_du_25_novembre_1943" class="extiw" title="fr:Rafle du 25 novembre 1943">fr</a>; <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastrellamento_di_Clermont-Ferrand" class="extiw" title="it:Rastrellamento di Clermont-Ferrand">it</a>&#93;</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izieu#Site_of_World_War_II_Jewish_orphanage" title="Izieu">Izieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marseille_roundup" title="Marseille roundup">Marseille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Sainte-Catherine_Roundup" title="Rue Sainte-Catherine Roundup">Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vel%27_d%27Hiv_Roundup" title="Vel&#39; d&#39;Hiv Roundup">Vel' d'Hiv</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Villeurbanne_Roundup&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Villeurbanne Roundup (page does not exist)">Villeurbanne</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafle_des_Villeurbannais" class="extiw" title="fr:Rafle des Villeurbannais">fr</a>; <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastrellamento_di_Villeurbanne" class="extiw" title="it:Rastrellamento di Villeurbanne">it</a>&#93;</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discrimination<br />and plunder</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aryanization#France" title="Aryanization">Aryanisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_plunder" title="Nazi plunder">Nazi plunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_badge" title="Yellow badge">Yellow badge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_badge_in_France&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yellow badge in France (page does not exist)">Yellow badge in France</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampon_%22JUIF%22_en_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Tampon &quot;JUIF&quot; en France">fr</a>&#93;</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Internment_camps_in_France#Second_World_War_camps" title="Internment camps in France">Camps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaune-la-Rolande_internment_camp" title="Beaune-la-Rolande internment camp">Beaune-la-Rolande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drancy_internment_camp" title="Drancy internment camp">Drancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurs_internment_camp" title="Gurs internment camp">Gurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_des_Milles" title="Camp des Milles">Milles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natzweiler-Struthof_concentration_camp" title="Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp">Natzweiler-Struthof</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_subcamps_of_Natzweiler-Struthof" title="List of subcamps of Natzweiler-Struthof">subcamps</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_de_No%C3%A9" title="Camp de Noé">Noé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pithiviers_internment_camp" title="Pithiviers internment camp">Pithiviers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_du_R%C3%A9c%C3%A9b%C3%A9dou" title="Camp du Récébédou">Récébédou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rieucros_Camp" title="Rieucros Camp">Rieucros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_de_Romainville" title="Fort de Romainville">Romainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royallieu-Compi%C3%A8gne_internment_camp" title="Royallieu-Compiègne internment camp">Royallieu-Compiègne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_de_Rivesaltes" title="Camp de Rivesaltes">Rivesaltes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_of_Septfonds" title="Camp of Septfonds">Septfonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Vernet" title="Camp Vernet">Vernet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Convoys_of_the_deportation_of_Jews_from_France&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Convoys of the deportation of Jews from France (page does not exist)">Deportation convoys</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convois_de_la_d%C3%A9portation_des_Juifs_de_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Convois de la déportation des Juifs de France">fr</a>&#93;</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_deportations_of_French_Jews_to_death_camps" title="Timeline of deportations of French Jews to death camps">Deportation timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_Holocaust_collaboration_timeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Vichy Holocaust collaboration timeline">Holocaust timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_France" title="The Holocaust in France">The Holocaust in France</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_France_during_World_War_II#Vichy_Army_(1940–1944)" title="Military history of France during World War II">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Regiment_of_France&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="First Regiment of France (page does not exist)">1st Regiment</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_r%C3%A9giment_de_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Premier régiment de France">fr</a>&#93;</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Military_Division_(Vichy_France)" title="7th Military Division (Vichy France)">7th Military Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Military_Division_(Vichy_France)" title="14th Military Division (Vichy France)">14th Military Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Military_Division_(Vichy_France)" title="15th Military Division (Vichy France)">15th Military Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_Army" title="Armistice Army">Armistice Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Levant" title="Army of the Levant">Army of the Levant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_French_Air_Force" title="Vichy French Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_French_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Vichy French Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guard_(Vichy_France)" title="Guard (Vichy France)">Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Militia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Service_d%27ordre_l%C3%A9gionnaire" title="Service d&#39;ordre légionnaire">Service d'ordre légionnaire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Groupe_mobile_de_r%C3%A9serve" title="Groupe mobile de réserve">Groupe mobile de réserve</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Milice" title="Milice">Milice</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Franc-Garde" title="Franc-Garde">Franc-Garde</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Special Brigades</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Auxiliary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/33rd_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS_Charlemagne" title="33rd Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Charlemagne">SS Charlemagne division</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carlingue" title="Carlingue">Carlingue</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_imp%C3%A9riale" title="Légion impériale">Légion impériale</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_French_Volunteers_Against_Bolshevism" title="Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism">Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>1940</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Mers-el-K%C3%A9bir" title="Attack on Mers-el-Kébir">Mers-el-Kébir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Gibraltar_during_World_War_II#Vichy_French_attacks:_1940" title="Military history of Gibraltar during World War II">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dakar" title="Battle of Dakar">Dakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gabon" title="Battle of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina" title="Japanese invasion of French Indochina">Indochina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Thai_War" title="Franco-Thai War">Franco-Thai War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ko_Chang" title="Battle of Ko Chang">Ko Chang</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>1941</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign" title="Syria–Lebanon campaign">Syria–Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Capture of Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><b>1942</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar" title="Battle of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_French_Indochina" title="Japanese coup d&#39;état in French Indochina">Operation Bright Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna#World_War_II" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch"><i>Torch</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Anton" title="Case Anton"><i>Anton</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scuttling_of_the_French_fleet_at_Toulon" title="Scuttling of the French fleet at Toulon">Toulon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Battle of Réunion">Réunion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Officers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Darlan" title="François Darlan">François Darlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Giraud" title="Henri Giraud">Henri Giraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Philippe Pétain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center">Dissolution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Operation Overlord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Paris" title="Liberation of Paris">Liberation of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Line_campaign" title="Siegfried Line campaign">Siegfried Line campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmaringen_enclave" title="Sigmaringen enclave">Sigmaringen enclave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fernand_de_Brinon" title="Fernand de Brinon">Fernand de Brinon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Darnand" title="Joseph Darnand">Joseph Darnand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Luchaire" title="Jean Luchaire">Jean Luchaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Bridoux" title="Eugène Bridoux">Eugène Bridoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_D%C3%A9at" title="Marcel Déat">Marcel Déat</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center">Aftermath<br />&amp; Impact</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_France" title="Liberation of France">Liberation of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinance_of_9_August_1944" title="Ordinance of 9 August 1944">Ordinance of 9 August 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">Provisional Government</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89puration_l%C3%A9gale" title="Épuration légale">Épuration légale</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pursuit_of_Nazi_collaborators#France" title="Pursuit of Nazi collaborators">Épuration sauvage</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_France#Elections_of_May_1945" title="Liberation of France">Municipal elections of 1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1946_French_legislative_election" title="November 1946 French legislative election">1946 legislative election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">Fourth Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" class="mw-redirect" title="Trial of Philippe Pétain">Trial of Philippe Pétain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Barbie#Extradition,_trial_and_death" title="Klaus Barbie">Klaus Barbie trial</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holocaust_denial_in_France&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Holocaust denial in France (page does not exist)">Holocaust denial in France</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9gation_de_la_Shoah_en_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Négation de la Shoah en France">fr</a>&#93;</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Matt%C3%A9oli" title="Mission Mattéoli">Mission Mattéoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-gaullism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-gaullism">Anti-Gaullism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_syndrome" title="Vichy syndrome">Vichy syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center">History<br />&amp; Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Destruction_of_the_European_Jews" title="The Destruction of the European Jews">The Destruction of the European Jews</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Strange_Defeat" title="Strange Defeat">Strange Defeat</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bombing_the_Nazis" title="Bombing the Nazis">Bombing the Nazis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Eye_of_Vichy" title="The Eye of Vichy">The Eye of Vichy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Milice,_film_noir" title="Milice, film noir">Milice, film noir</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sorrow_and_the_Pity" title="The Sorrow and the Pity">The Sorrow and the Pity</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uranus_(film)" title="Uranus (film)">Uranus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Castle_to_Castle" title="Castle to Castle">Castle to Castle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Special_Section_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Section (film)">Section spéciale</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Silence_de_la_mer" title="Le Silence de la mer">Le Silence de la mer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suite_fran%C3%A7aise_(N%C3%A9mirovsky_novel)" title="Suite française (Némirovsky novel)">Suite française</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_military_administration_in_occupied_France_during_World_War_II" title="German military administration in occupied France during World War II">Occupied France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">French Resistance</a></li> <li>Year in France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1940_in_France" title="1940 in France">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_in_France" title="1941 in France">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_France" title="1942 in France">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_in_France" title="1943 in France">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_in_France" title="1944 in France">1944</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vichy_France" title="Category:Vichy France">Category:Vichy France</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐7c8cb894f‐7r9v6 Cached time: 20250210070055 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.532 seconds Real time usage: 0.665 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3944/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 124473/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4908/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 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