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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Biotegnologie" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Biotegnologie" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Biotegnologie" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Biotegnologie" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Finansiele_bystand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finansiele_bystand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Finansiele bystand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finansiele_bystand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings_en_notas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings_en_notas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Verwysings en notas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings_en_notas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 116 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-116" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">116 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnologie" title="Biotechnologie – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Biotechnologie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotecnoloch%C3%ADa" title="Biotecnolochía – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Biotecnolochía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="تقانة حيوية – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تقانة حيوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%88%E0%A7%B1_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="জৈৱ প্ৰযুক্তি – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জৈৱ প্ৰযুক্তি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioteunolox%C3%ADa" title="Bioteunoloxía – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bioteunoloxía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotexnologiya" title="Biotexnologiya – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Biotexnologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C" title="بیوتکنولوژی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیوتکنولوژی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биотехнология – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Биотехнология" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnologie" title="Biotechnologie – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Biotechnologie" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioteknuoluog%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Bioteknuoluogėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Bioteknuoluogėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Біятэхналогія – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Біятэхналогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Біятэхналёгія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Біятэхналёгія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биотехнология – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Биотехнология" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%A1%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F" title="ဇီဝအနယ်ꩻပညာႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဇီဝအနယ်ꩻပညာႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="জৈবপ্রযুক্তি – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জৈবপ্রযুক্তি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotehnologija" title="Biotehnologija – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Biotehnologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotecnologia" title="Biotecnologia – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Biotecnologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Биотехнологи – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Биотехнологи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%DB%86%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="بیۆتەکنۆلۆژیا – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بیۆتەکنۆلۆژیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnologie" title="Biotechnologie – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Biotechnologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnoleg" title="Biotechnoleg – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Biotechnoleg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioteknologi" title="Bioteknologi – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bioteknologi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnologie" title="Biotechnologie – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Biotechnologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Βιοτεχνολογία – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βιοτεχνολογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Biotechnology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotekniko" title="Biotekniko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Biotekniko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotecnolog%C3%ADa" title="Biotecnología – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Biotecnología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotehnoloogia" title="Biotehnoloogia – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Biotehnoloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioteknologia" title="Bioteknologia – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bioteknologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="زیست‌فناوری – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زیست‌فناوری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotekniikka" title="Biotekniikka – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Biotekniikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnologie" title="Biotechnologie – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Biotechnologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biteicneola%C3%ADocht" title="Biteicneolaíocht – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Biteicneolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="生物技術 – Gan-Sjinees" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="生物技術" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byoteknoloji" title="Byoteknoloji – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Byoteknoloji" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotecnolox%C3%ADa" title="Biotecnoloxía – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Biotecnoloxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%88%E0%AA%B5_%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%95" title="જૈવ તકનીક – Goedjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જૈવ તકનીક" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Goedjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Biotechnology" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%98%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="ביוטכנולוגיה – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ביוטכנולוגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="जैवप्रौद्योगिकी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जैवप्रौद्योगिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Biotechnology" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotehnologija" title="Biotehnologija – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Biotehnologija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnol%C3%B3gia" title="Biotechnológia – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Biotechnológia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%AD%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Կենսատեխնոլոգիա – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կենսատեխնոլոգիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnologia" title="Biotechnologia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Biotechnologia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioteknologi" title="Bioteknologi – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bioteknologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioteknolohia" title="Bioteknolohia – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Bioteknolohia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioteknologio" title="Bioteknologio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bioteknologio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADft%C3%A6kni" title="Líftækni – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Líftækni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotecnologia" title="Biotecnologia – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Biotecnologia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6" title="生物工学 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="生物工学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayoteknalaji" title="Bayoteknalaji – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Bayoteknalaji" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioteknologi" title="Bioteknologi – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bioteknologi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ბიოტექნოლოგია – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბიოტექნოლოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биотехнология – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Биотехнология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9E%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ಜೈವಿಕತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೈವಿಕತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AA%85%EA%B3%B5%ED%95%99%EA%B8%B0%EC%88%A0" title="생명공학기술 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="생명공학기술" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyoteknoloj%C3%AE" title="Biyoteknolojî – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Biyoteknolojî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bewdeknologieth" title="Bewdeknologieth – Kornies" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Bewdeknologieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биотехнология – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Биотехнология" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnologia" title="Biotechnologia – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Biotechnologia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnologie" title="Biotechnologie – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Biotechnologie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotecnologia" title="Biotecnologia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Biotecnologia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnologija" title="Biotechnologija – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Biotechnologija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotehnolo%C4%A3ija" title="Biotehnoloģija – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Biotehnoloģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Биотехнологија – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Биотехнологија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="ജൈവസാങ്കേതികവിദ്യ – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജൈവസാങ്കേതികവിദ്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Биотехнологи – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Биотехнологи" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जैवतंत्रज्ञान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जैवतंत्रज्ञान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioteknologi" title="Bioteknologi – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bioteknologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%94%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC" title="ဇီဝနည်းပညာ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဇီဝနည်းပညာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF" title="जीवप्रविधि – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जीवप्रविधि" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnologie" title="Biotechnologie – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Biotechnologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioteknologi" title="Bioteknologi – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bioteknologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioteknologi" title="Bioteknologi – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bioteknologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotecnologia" title="Biotecnologia – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Biotecnologia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotehniekku" title="Biotehniekku – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Biotehniekku" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5_%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80" title="ਜੀਵ ਟੈਕਨਾਲੋਜੀ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੀਵ ਟੈਕਨਾਲੋਜੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnologia" title="Biotechnologia – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Biotechnologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%88_%D9%B9%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="بائیو ٹیکنالوجی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بائیو ٹیکنالوجی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%BC%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%D9%8A" title="بیوټکنالوژي – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بیوټکنالوژي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotecnologia" title="Biotecnologia – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Biotecnologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotehnologie" title="Biotehnologie – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Biotehnologie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биотехнология – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Биотехнология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%91%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Біотехнолоґія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Біотехнолоґія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биотехнология – Sakhaans" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Биотехнология" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakhaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%88_%D9%BD%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A" title="بائيو ٽيڪنالاجي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بائيو ٽيڪنالاجي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotehnologija" title="Biotehnologija – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Biotehnologija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%9B%E0%B7%80_%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="ජෛව තාක්ෂණය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජෛව තාක්ෂණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Biotechnology" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnol%C3%B3gia" title="Biotechnológia – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Biotechnológia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotehnologija" title="Biotehnologija – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Biotehnologija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioteknologjia" title="Bioteknologjia – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bioteknologjia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Биотехнологија – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Биотехнологија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biot%C3%A9hnologi" title="Biotéhnologi – Sundanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Biotéhnologi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioteknik" title="Bioteknik – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bioteknik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotekinolojia" title="Biotekinolojia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Biotekinolojia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="உயிரித் தொழில்நுட்பம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உயிரித் தொழில்நுட்பம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9E%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82" title="జీవసాంకేతిక విజ్ఞానం – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జీవసాంకేతిక విజ్ఞానం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%A3" title="Зистфанноварӣ – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Зистфанноварӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E" title="เทคโนโลยีชีวภาพ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เทคโนโลยีชีวภาพ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyoteknolohiya" title="Biyoteknolohiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Biyoteknolohiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotexnologij%C9%99" title="Biotexnologijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Biotexnologijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyoteknoloji" title="Biyoteknoloji – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Biyoteknoloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биотехнология – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Биотехнология" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Біотехнологія – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Біотехнологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%B9%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="حیاتیاتی ٹیکنالوجی – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حیاتیاتی ٹیکنالوجی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotexnologiya" title="Biotexnologiya – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Biotexnologiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotehnologii" title="Biotehnologii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Biotehnologii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Công nghệ sinh học – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Công nghệ sinh học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyoteknolohiya" title="Biyoteknolohiya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Biyoteknolohiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="生物技术 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="生物技术" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A2" title="ביאטעכנאלאגיע – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ביאטעכנאלאגיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="生物技术 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="生物技术" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seng-bu%CC%8Dt_ki-su%CC%8Dt" title="Seng-bu̍t ki-su̍t – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Seng-bu̍t ki-su̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="生物科技 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="生物科技" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7108#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet 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<div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Biotegnologie" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Biotegnologie" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="'n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biotegnologie&oldid=2653209" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biotegnologie&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Biotegnologie&id=2653209&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBiotegnologie"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBiotegnologie"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Biotegnologie"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Biotegnologie&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biotegnologie&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Biotechnology" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia 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dir="ltr"><div style="max-width:300px;float:right;padding:0 0.4em;border:1px solid #aaa;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.4em"><div style="background-color:#bfbfbf;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;padding:0.5em 0;margin:0.5em 0;font-size:120%">Biotegnologie</div><div><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Biotecnologia_Fase3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Biotecnologia_Fase3.png/300px-Biotecnologia_Fase3.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Biotecnologia_Fase3.png/450px-Biotecnologia_Fase3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Biotecnologia_Fase3.png/600px-Biotecnologia_Fase3.png 2x" data-file-width="811" data-file-height="516" /></a></span></div><table style="word-break:break-word;text-align:left;font-size:90%"><caption style="background-color:#bfbfbf;font-weight:bold;text-transform:capitalize;margin-top:0.2em"><span><span>interdissiplinêre wetenskap</span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Toegepaste_wetenskap" title="Toegepaste wetenskap">toegepaste wetenskap</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Bedryfstak" title="Bedryfstak">bedryfstak</a></span>, <span>akademiese dissipline</span>, <span>soort van tegnologie</span></span></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row">Subklas van</th><td style="text-transform:capitalize"><span><span><a href="/wiki/Tegnologie" title="Tegnologie">tegnologie</a></span></span><span class="mw-valign-text-top noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108#P279" title="Wysig"><img alt="Wysig" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Onderdeel van</th><td style="text-transform:capitalize"><span><span><a href="/wiki/Tegnologie" title="Tegnologie">tegnologie</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie">biologie</a></span></span><span class="mw-valign-text-top noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108#P361" title="Wysig"><img alt="Wysig" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Geskiedenis van die onderwerp</th><td style="text-transform:capitalize"><span><span>geskiedenis van biotegnologie</span></span><span class="mw-valign-text-top noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108#P2184" title="Wysig"><img alt="Wysig" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Beoefen deur</th><td style="text-transform:capitalize"><span><span>biotegnoloog</span></span><span class="mw-valign-text-top noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108#P3095" title="Wysig"><img alt="Wysig" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks" cellspacing="5" style="float: right; clear: right; color: black; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid #aaa; width: 22em; margin: 0 0 1.0em 1.0em; padding: 0.2em; border-spacing: 0.4em 0; text-align: center; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 88%; padding:0em; line-height:normal; font-size:100%; width:18em; border-spacing:2px 0px;" cellpadding="0px"><tbody><tr> <td class="" style="padding: 0.4em 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:PrirodneNauke.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img 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height:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Formele_wetenskap" title="Formele wetenskap">Formele wetenskappe</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%; padding:0.2em 0 0.4em; text-align:center; padding:2px; margin:0px; line-height:normal; font-size: 90%; height:auto;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Wiskunde" title="Wiskunde">Wiskunde</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Wiskundige_logika" title="Wiskundige logika">Wiskundige logika</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiskundige_statistiek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiskundige statistiek (bladsy bestaan nie)">Wiskundige statistiek</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Rekenaarwetenskap" title="Rekenaarwetenskap">Rekenaarwetenskap</a> </p> </div></div> </div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="padding-bottom: 0.2em;"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="padding:0em; margin:0px; line-height:normal; font-size:100%; height:auto; border:none;"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%; padding:0.2em; margin:0px; line-height:normal; font-size:90%; height:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Fisiese_wetenskap" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisiese wetenskap">Fisiese wetenskappe</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%; padding:0.2em 0 0.4em; text-align:center; padding:0.2em 0 0.4em; text-align:center; padding:2px; margin:0px; line-height:normal; font-size: 90%; height:auto;"><div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika">Fisika</a></b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Toegepaste_fisika" title="Toegepaste fisika">Toegepaste fisika</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Atoomfisika" title="Atoomfisika">Atoomfisika</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rekenaarfisika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rekenaarfisika (bladsy bestaan nie)">Rekenaarfisika</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Vaste_stof" title="Vaste stof">Vastetoestandsfisika</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimentele_fisika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eksperimentele fisika (bladsy bestaan nie)">Eksperimentele fisika</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Meganika" title="Meganika">Meganika</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Kernfisika" title="Kernfisika">Kernfisika</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Deeltjiefisika" title="Deeltjiefisika">Deeltjiefisika</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Plasma_(fisika)" title="Plasma (fisika)">Plasmafisika</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Kwantummeganika" title="Kwantummeganika">Kwantummeganika</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vastetoestandmeganika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vastetoestandmeganika (bladsy bestaan nie)">Vastetoestandmeganika</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Teoretiese_fisika" title="Teoretiese fisika">Teoretiese fisika</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika">Termodinamika</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Entropie" title="Entropie">Entropie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Relatiwiteitsteorie#Algemene_relatiwiteit" title="Relatiwiteitsteorie">Algemene 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title="Alchemie">Alchemie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Analitiese_chemie" title="Analitiese chemie">Analitiese chemie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Astrochemie" title="Astrochemie">Astrochemie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Biochemie" title="Biochemie">Biochemie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kristallografie" title="Kristallografie">Kristallografie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Omgewingschemie" title="Omgewingschemie">Omgewingschemie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voedselchemie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voedselchemie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Voedselchemie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Geochemie" title="Geochemie">Geochemie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Groen_chemie" title="Groen chemie">Groen chemie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Anorganiese_chemie" title="Anorganiese chemie">Anorganiese chemie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Materiaalkunde" title="Materiaalkunde">Materiaalkunde</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molekul%C3%AAre_fisika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molekulêre fisika (bladsy bestaan nie)">Molekulêre fisika</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kernchemie" title="Kernchemie">Kernchemie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Organiese_chemie" title="Organiese chemie">Organiese chemie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Fotochemie" title="Fotochemie">Fotochemie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Fisiese_chemie" title="Fisiese chemie">Fisiese chemie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Stralingschemie" title="Stralingschemie">Stralingschemie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Elektrochemie" title="Elektrochemie">Elektrochemie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Organometaalchemie" title="Organometaalchemie">Organometaalchemie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Vastestofchemie" title="Vastestofchemie">Vastestofchemie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Stereo-isomeer" title="Stereo-isomeer">Stereochemie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Polimeerchemie" title="Polimeerchemie">Polimeerchemie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Grondchemie" title="Grondchemie">Grondchemie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Oppervlaktechemie" title="Oppervlaktechemie">Oppervlaktechemie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Teoretiese_chemie" title="Teoretiese chemie">Teoretiese chemie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Foto%C3%ABlektrochemie" title="Fotoëlektrochemie">Fotoëlektrochemie</a><br /> Portaal <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/20px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/30px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="Aardmeetkunde">Aardmeetkunde</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie">Geologie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Geomorfologie" title="Geomorfologie">Geomorfologie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Geofisika" title="Geofisika">Geofisika</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glasiologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glasiologie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Glasiologie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Hidrologie" title="Hidrologie">Hidrologie</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limnologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limnologie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Limnologie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Mineralogie" title="Mineralogie">Mineralogie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Oseanografie" title="Oseanografie">Oseanografie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Paleoklimatologie" title="Paleoklimatologie">Paleoklimatologie</a><span 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/></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portaal:Geologie" title="Portaal:Geologie">Geologie</a> </p> </div></div> </div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="padding-bottom: 0.2em;"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="padding:0em; margin:0px; line-height:normal; font-size:100%; height:auto; border:none;"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%; padding:0.2em; margin:0px; line-height:normal; font-size:90%; height:auto;line-height:1.2em; padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Natuurwetenskap" title="Natuurwetenskap">Natuurwetenskappe</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%; padding:0.2em 0 0.4em; text-align:center; padding:0.2em 0 0.4em; text-align:center; padding:2px; margin:0px; line-height:normal; font-size: 90%; height:auto;"><div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie">Biologie</a></b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Anatomie" title="Anatomie">Anatomie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Astrobiologie" title="Astrobiologie">Astrobiologie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biochemie" title="Biochemie">Biochemie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Biogeografie" title="Biogeografie">Biogeografie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biologiese_ingenieurswese" title="Biologiese ingenieurswese">Biologiese ingenieurswese</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biofisika" title="Biofisika">Biofisika</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gedragsneurowetenskap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gedragsneurowetenskap (bladsy bestaan nie)">Gedragsneurowetenskap</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Biotegnologie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Plantkunde" title="Plantkunde">Plantkunde</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Selbiologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selbiologie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Selbiologie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bewaringsbiologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bewaringsbiologie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bewaringsbiologie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kriobiologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kriobiologie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Kriobiologie</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ontwikkelingsbiologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ontwikkelingsbiologie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Ontwikkelingsbiologie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Ekologie" title="Ekologie">Ekologie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etnobiologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etnobiologie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Etnobiologie</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolusion%C3%AAre_biologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolusionêre biologie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Evolusionêre biologie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika">Genetika</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerontologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerontologie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Gerontologie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Immunologie" title="Immunologie">Immunologie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limnologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limnologie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Limnologie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Mariene_biologie" title="Mariene biologie">Mariene biologie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Mikrobiologie" title="Mikrobiologie">Mikrobiologie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Molekul%C3%AAre_biologie" title="Molekulêre biologie">Molekulêre biologie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Neurowetenskap" title="Neurowetenskap">Neurowetenskap</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Paleontologie" title="Paleontologie">Paleontologie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parasitologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parasitologie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Parasitologie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Fisiologie" title="Fisiologie">Fisiologie</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radiobiologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radiobiologie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Radiobiologie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grondbiologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grondbiologie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Grondbiologie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Sistematiek" title="Sistematiek">Sistematiek</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Wiskundige_en_teoretiese_biologie" title="Wiskundige en teoretiese biologie">Teoretiese biologie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Toksikologie" title="Toksikologie">Toksikologie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Dierkunde" title="Dierkunde">Soölogie</a><br /> Portaal <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/20px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/30px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/40px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portaal:Biologie" title="Portaal:Biologie">Biologie</a> </p> </div></div> </div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="padding-bottom: 0.2em;"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="padding:0em; margin:0px; line-height:normal; font-size:100%; height:auto; border:none;"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%; padding:0.2em; margin:0px; line-height:normal; font-size:90%; height:auto;line-height:1.2em; padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Sosiale_wetenskap" title="Sosiale wetenskap">Sosiale</a> en <a href="/wiki/Geesteswetenskappe" title="Geesteswetenskappe">Geesteswetenskappe</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%; padding:0.2em 0 0.4em; text-align:center; padding:0.2em 0 0.4em; text-align:center; padding:2px; margin:0px; line-height:normal; font-size: 90%; height:auto;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Antropologie" title="Antropologie">Antropologie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Argeologie" title="Argeologie">Argeologie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Kriminalistiek" title="Kriminalistiek">Kriminalistiek</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Demografie" title="Demografie">Demografie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Ekonomie" title="Ekonomie">Ekonomie</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Filosofie" title="Filosofie">Filosofie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Geografie" class="mw-redirect" title="Geografie">Geografie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Geskiedenis_(vakgebied)" title="Geskiedenis (vakgebied)">Geskiedenis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Taalwetenskappe" title="Taalwetenskappe">Taalwetenskappe</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Politieke_wetenskap" title="Politieke wetenskap">Politieke wetenskap</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Sielkunde" title="Sielkunde">Sielkunde</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Sosiologie" title="Sosiologie">Sosiologie</a> </p> </div></div> </div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="padding-bottom: 0.2em;"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="padding:0em; margin:0px; line-height:normal; font-size:100%; height:auto; border:none;"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%; padding:0.2em; margin:0px; line-height:normal; font-size:90%; height:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Toegepaste_wetenskap" title="Toegepaste wetenskap">Toegepaste wetenskappe</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%; padding:0.2em 0 0.4em; text-align:center; padding:0.2em 0 0.4em; text-align:center; padding:2px; margin:0px; line-height:normal; font-size: 90%; height:auto;"><div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Ingenieurswese" title="Ingenieurswese">Ingenieurswese</a></b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Landbou-ingenieurswese" title="Landbou-ingenieurswese">Landbou</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Lugvaartingenieurswese" title="Lugvaartingenieurswese">Lug & ̩Ruimte</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biomediese_ingenieurswese" title="Biomediese ingenieurswese">Biomedies</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chemiese_ingenieurswese" title="Chemiese ingenieurswese">Chemies</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Siviele_ingenieurswese" title="Siviele ingenieurswese">Siviel</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Rekenaarwetenskap" title="Rekenaarwetenskap">Rekenaar</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Elektriese_ingenieurswese" title="Elektriese ingenieurswese">Elektries</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandbestryding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brandbestryding (bladsy bestaan nie)">Brandbestryding</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Genetiese_manipulasie" title="Genetiese manipulasie">Geneties</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Bedryfsingenieurswese" title="Bedryfsingenieurswese">Bedryfs-</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Meganiese_ingenieurswese" title="Meganiese ingenieurswese">Meganies</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Milit%C3%AAre_ingenieurswese" title="Militêre ingenieurswese">Militêr</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Myningenieurswese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myningenieurswese (bladsy bestaan nie)">Myn</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kerningenieurswese" title="Kerningenieurswese">Kern</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Operasionele_navorsing" title="Operasionele navorsing">Operasionele navorsing</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Robotika" title="Robotika">Robotika</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Sagteware-ingenieurswese" title="Sagteware-ingenieurswese">Sagteware</a> </p><p><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gesonheidswetenskap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gesonheidswetenskap (bladsy bestaan nie)">Gesonheidswetenskappe</a></b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Biologiese_ingenieurswese" title="Biologiese ingenieurswese">Biologiese ingenieurswese</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Tandheelkunde" title="Tandheelkunde">Tandheelkunde</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Epidemiologie" title="Epidemiologie">Epidemiologie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gesondheidsorg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gesondheidsorg (bladsy bestaan nie)">Gesondheidsorg</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Geneeskunde" title="Geneeskunde">Geneeskunde</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Verpleging" title="Verpleging">Verpleging</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Farmasie" title="Farmasie">Farmasie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Maatskaplike_werk" title="Maatskaplike werk">Maatskaplike werk</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Veearts" title="Veearts">Veeartsenykunde</a> </p> </div></div> </div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="padding-bottom: 0.2em;"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="padding:0em; margin:0px; line-height:normal; font-size:100%; height:auto; border:none;"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%; padding:0.2em; margin:0px; line-height:normal; font-size:90%; height:auto;">Verwante onderwerpe</div> <div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%; padding:0.2em 0 0.4em; text-align:center; padding:0.2em 0 0.4em; text-align:center; padding:2px; margin:0px; line-height:normal; font-size: 90%; height:auto;"><div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Interdissiplinariteit" title="Interdissiplinariteit">Interdissiplinariteit</a></b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Toegepaste_fisika" title="Toegepaste fisika">Toegepaste fisika</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kunsmatige_intelligensie" title="Kunsmatige intelligensie">Kunsmatige intelligensie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Bio-etiek" title="Bio-etiek">Bio-etiek</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bio-inligting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bio-inligting (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bio-inligting</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biogeografie" title="Biogeografie">Biogeografie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Biomediese_ingenieurswese" title="Biomediese ingenieurswese">Biomediese ingenieurswese</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biostatistiek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biostatistiek (bladsy bestaan nie)">Biostatistiek</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Kognitiewe_wetenskap" title="Kognitiewe wetenskap">Kognitiewe wetenskap</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Rekenaarlinguistiek" title="Rekenaarlinguistiek">Rekenaarlinguistiek</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Kultuurstudies" title="Kultuurstudies">Kultuurstudies</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kubernetika" title="Kubernetika">Kubernetika</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Omgewingstudies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omgewingstudies (bladsy bestaan nie)">Omgewingstudies</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etniese_studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etniese studies (bladsy bestaan nie)">Etniese studies</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolusiesielkunde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolusiesielkunde (bladsy bestaan nie)">Evolusiesielkunde</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Bosbou" title="Bosbou">Bosbou</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Gesondheid" title="Gesondheid">Gesondheid</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteekkunde" title="Biblioteekkunde">Biblioteekkunde</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Logika" title="Logika">Logika</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Wiskundige_en_teoretiese_biologie" title="Wiskundige en teoretiese biologie">Wiskundige biologie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiskundige_fisika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiskundige fisika (bladsy bestaan nie)">Wiskundige fisika</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wetenskaplike_modellering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wetenskaplike modellering (bladsy bestaan nie)">Wetenskaplike modellering</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurale_ingenieurswese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neurale ingenieurswese (bladsy bestaan nie)">Neurale ingenieurswese</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Neurowetenskap" title="Neurowetenskap">Neurowetenskap</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Politieke_ekonomie" title="Politieke ekonomie">Politieke ekonomie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Wetenskap-en-tegnologiestudies" title="Wetenskap-en-tegnologiestudies">Wetenskap-en-tegnologiestudies</a><br /> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Semiotiek" title="Semiotiek">Semiotiek</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosiobiologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sosiobiologie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Sosiobiologie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Stelselteorie" title="Stelselteorie">Stelselteorie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transdissiplinariteit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transdissiplinariteit (bladsy bestaan nie)">Transdissiplinariteit</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadsbeplanning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stadsbeplanning (bladsy bestaan nie)">Stadsbeplanning</a> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Wetenskaplike_metode" title="Wetenskaplike metode">Wetenskaplike metode</a></b><br /> <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geskiedenis_van_wetenskap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geskiedenis van wetenskap (bladsy bestaan nie)">Geskiedenis van wetenskap</a></b><br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Wetenskapsfilosofie" title="Wetenskapsfilosofie">Wetenskapsfilosofie</a></b><br /> <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wetenskapsbeleid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wetenskapsbeleid (bladsy bestaan nie)">Wetenskapsbeleid</a></b><br /> <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Randwetenskap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Randwetenskap (bladsy bestaan nie)">Randwetenskap</a></b><br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Pseudowetenskap" title="Pseudowetenskap">Pseudowetenskap</a></b> </p> </div></div> </div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0.6em; padding:2px; margin:0px; line-height:normal; font-size:100%; height:auto;"><div class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="background:none; padding:0; font-weight:normal;; font-size:xx-small;"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Wetenskap" title="Sjabloon:Wetenskap"><span title="Sien hierdie sjabloon" style="">s</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjabloonbespreking:Wetenskap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Wetenskap (bladsy bestaan nie)"><span title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style="">b</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Wetenskap&action=edit"><span title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";">w</span></a></div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Insulincrystals.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Insulincrystals.jpg/220px-Insulincrystals.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Insulincrystals.jpg/330px-Insulincrystals.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Insulincrystals.jpg/440px-Insulincrystals.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="717" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Insulien" title="Insulien">Insulien</a> kristalle</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Biotegnologie</b> is die gebruik van lewende sisteme en organismes om produkte te ontwikkel, of "enige tegnologiese aansoek wat gebruik maak van biologiese stelsels, lewende organismes, of afgeleides daarvan, produkte of prosesse te maak of te verander vir 'n spesifieke gebruik" (VN se Konvensie oor Biologiese Diversiteit, Art. 2).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Afhangende van die gereedskap en programme, oorvleuel dit dikwels met die (verwante) velde van <a href="/wiki/Biologiese_ingenieurswese" title="Biologiese ingenieurswese">biologiese ingenieurswese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biomediese_ingenieurswese" title="Biomediese ingenieurswese">biomediese ingenieurswese</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biovervaardiging&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biovervaardiging (bladsy bestaan nie)">biovervaardiging</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molekul%C3%AAre_ingenieurswese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molekulêre ingenieurswese (bladsy bestaan nie)">molekulêre ingenieurswese</a>, ens. </p><p>Vir duisende jare, het die mensdom biotegnologie gebruik in <a href="/wiki/Landbou" title="Landbou">landbou</a>, die produksie van voedsel, en <a href="/wiki/Geneeskunde" title="Geneeskunde">medisyne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BioREACH_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BioREACH-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dit is hoofsaaklik geglo dat die term in 1919 geskep is deur die Hongaarse ingenieur <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%A1roly_Ereky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Károly Ereky (bladsy bestaan nie)">Károly Ereky</a>. In die laat 20ste en vroeë 21ste eeu, het biotegnologie uitgebrei om nuwe en diverse <a href="/wiki/Wetenskap" title="Wetenskap">wetenskappe</a> soos genomika, rekombinante gene tegnieke, toegepaste <a href="/wiki/Immunologie" title="Immunologie">immunologie</a>, en die ontwikkeling van <a href="/wiki/Geneesmiddel" title="Geneesmiddel">farmaseutiese</a> terapie en diagnostiese toetse in te sluit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Finansiele_bystand">Finansiele bystand</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biotegnologie&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Finansiele bystand" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biotegnologie&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Finansiele bystand"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1988, na die aanleiding van die Verenigde State se kongres, het die <i>National Institute of General Medical Sciences</i> (<i>National Institutes of Health</i>) (NIGMS) 'n befondsing meganisme ingestel vir biotegnologiese opleiding. Universiteite landwyd kompeteer vir hierdie fondse om biotegnologiese opleidingsprogramme te vestig. Elke suksesvolle aansoek is gewoonlik befonds vir vyf jaar, dan moet dit mededingend hernu word. Nagraadse studente kompeteer weer vir aanvaarding in 'n biotegnologie-opleidingsprogram. As hulle aanvaar word, word hul beurs, onderrig en gesondheidsversekering betaal, gedurende twee of drie jaar van die loop van hul Ph.D. proefskrif werk. Negentien instellings bied NIGMS ondersteunde biotegnologie-opleidingsprograme.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Biotegnologie opleiding is ook aangebied op voorgraadse vlak en in die gemeenskaps kolleges. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings_en_notas">Verwysings en notas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biotegnologie&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings en notas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biotegnologie&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings en notas"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-width: 35em; column-width: 35em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbd.int/convention/text/">Text of the CBD</a>. CBD.int. Retrieved on 2013-03-20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BioREACH-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-BioREACH_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.public.asu.edu/~langland/biotech-intro.html">"Incorporating Biotechnology into the Classroom What is Biotechnology?", from the curricula of the 'Incorporating Biotechnology into the High School Classroom through Arizona State University's BioREACH program', accessed on October 16, 2012)</a>. Public.asu.edu. Retrieved on 2013-03-20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nigms.nih.gov/Training/InstPredoc/Pages/PredocDesc-Biotechnology.aspx">"Biotechnology Predoctoral Training Program"</a> (in Engels). 18 Desember 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200430153234/https://www.nigms.nih.gov/Training/InstPredoc/Pages/PredocDesc-Biotechnology.aspx">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 30 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">28 Oktober</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biotechnology+Predoctoral+Training+Program&rft.date=2013-12-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nigms.nih.gov%2FTraining%2FInstPredoc%2FPages%2FPredocDesc-Biotechnology.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABiotegnologie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biotegnologie&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biotegnologie&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikimedia Commons logo"><img alt="Wikimedia Commons logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> het meer media in die kategorie <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Biotechnology" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Biotechnology">Biotegnologie</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fbae.org/">Stigting vir kulturele Bewustheid en Opvoeding</a>,</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/y5160e/y5160e00.HTM">'n verslag op Landbou-Biotegnologie</a> te fokus op die impak van die "Groen" Biotegnologie met'n spesiale klem op ekonomiese aspekte. fao.org.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economics.noaa.gov/?goal=ecosystems&file=users/business/biotech">ONS Ekonomiese Voordele van Biotegnologie tot die Besigheid en die Samelewing</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725193049/http://www.economics.noaa.gov/?goal=ecosystems&file=users%2Fbusiness%2Fbiotech">Geargiveer</a> 25 Julie 2011 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> NOAA Ekonomie, economics.noaa.gov</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://croplife.intraspin.com/Biotech/">Databasis van die Veiligheid en Voordele van Biotegnologie</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090430210935/http://croplife.intraspin.com/BioTech/">Geargiveer</a> 30 April 2009 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – 'n databasis van eweknie-geëvalueerde wetenskaplike artikels en die veiligheid en voordele van biotegnologie.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whatisbiotechnology.org/">Wat is Biotegnologie? – 'n saamgestel versameling van hulpbronne oor die mense, plekke en tegnologie wat in staat gestel het om biotegnologie aan die transformasie van die wêreld waarin ons leef vandag</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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